نفس
1 نَفُسَ,
aor. ـُ
inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (
K) and
نُفُوسٌ; (
TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (
M,
A,
Msb,)
inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (
A,
Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (
M,
Msb,
TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (
TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (
S,
K,
TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (
TA.)
A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (
S,
M,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـَ (
K,)
inf. n. نَفَسٌ (
M) [and
app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is
extr., (
M,
TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (
S,
M,
Msb,
K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (
Msb.) Hence the saying in the
Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [
app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (
TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (
M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (
TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (
M,
TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (
S,
M,
K,
TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (
M,)
inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (
S,
K,
TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (
TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (
S,
M,
K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an
ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (
M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (
A,
K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (
S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (
A,)
inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (
A,) Thou enviedst me (
S,
A,
K) good, (
A,
K,) or a little good, (
S,) and much good, (
A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (
A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [
app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (
A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (
A,
TA.)
A3: نُفِسَتْ; (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (
S,
M,
Msb,
K,) as some of the Arabs say, (
Msb.)
aor. ـ, (
Msb,
K:)
inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (
S,
M) and نَفَسٌ, (
M,
TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple
subst.; (
Msb;) (
tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (
S,
M,
K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (
Th,
M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (
A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (
S.)
b2: Also, both these verbs, (
Msb,
K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (
Az,
Mgh,
TA,) or the latter is the more common, (
K.) the former, which is related on the authority of
As, not being well known, (
Msb,) (
tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (
Az,
Mgh,
Msb,
K.) [In the
CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (
Mgh.)
A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (
tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (
S,
K,
TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.
A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (
S,)
inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (
S,
Msb,
K) and [quasi-
inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (
K,) (
tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (
S,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (
M,
Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (
M,
TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him,
syn. رَفَّهَ: (
S,
TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (
Mgh.)
b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A
particle of amplification; because changing the
aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (
Mughnee, in art. س.)
A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (
tropical:) He cracked the bow: (
Kr.
M:) [see 5:]
accord. to
ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (
TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (
S,
K. *)
inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (
S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (
S,
K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (
K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (
A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (
S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation;
syn. فَراغَبَوا: (
A,
TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (
TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (
M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is
syn. (
M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.
A2: انفسهُ It (a thing,
TA) pleased him, (
K,
TA,) and made him desirous of it: (
TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (
IKtt.)
b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (
S,
M,
A,
K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (
IAar,
M,
TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.)
A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (
Lh,
M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (
S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (
M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (
Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (
S.)
b2: (
tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (
TA.)
b3: Also, (
TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (
K,) (
tropical:) He drank (
K,
TA) from the vessel (
TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (
K,
TA.) and,
contr., the latter phrase, (assumed
tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (
K,
TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (
TA.)
b4: Also تنفّس (assumed
tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (
TA.)
b5: (
tropical:) It (said of the day,
M,
A, and of the dawn,
A, and of other things,
M) became extended; (
M;) it became long; (
M, A;) or, said of the day,
accord. to
Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (
M:) or it increased: (
S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (
M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (
Akh,
S,
K,
TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (
Fr,
TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (
TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (
Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (
tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (
A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed
tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (
TA.)
b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (
tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (
S,
K.)
b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (
tropical:) The bow cracked. (
S,
M,
K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (
M.)
A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ
app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء,
q. v.]
6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.
نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle;
syn. رُوحٌ: (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though
ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the
M, to explain it]: (
M:) in this sense it is
fem.: (
Msb:)
pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.]
نُفُوسٌ. (
M,
Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák,
S,
M,
Msb,
K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (
Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the
S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (
IB,)
نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ
وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا
i. e., [
Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (
S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák,
M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is
fem., and the latter [generally or often]
masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (
IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (
I'Ab,
Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (
I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (
Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (
I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (
Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the
Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [
v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a
trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ,
q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (
R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by
Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (
tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (
TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.]
b2: (assumed
tropical:) A thing's self; (
S,
M,
A,
K,
TA;) used as a
corroborative; (
S,
TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák,
M,
TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák,
M,
A,
K,
TA:)
pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and
نُفُوسٌ. (
M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed
tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (
S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (
S,
K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (
K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (
Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed
tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed
tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák,
M.) And hence, (
TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (
M,) the saying mentioned by
Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed
tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed
tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (
M,
TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed
tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying,
قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ
يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ
(assumed
tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (
Msb, art. قل.) The words of the
Kur, [
v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed
tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (
Bd,
K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (
M,
Bd,
Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (
Bd,
Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (
M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (
Bd,
Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (
M:) or نفس is here
syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (
K, *
TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (
TA:) but the best explanation is that of
IAmb, who says that نفس is here
syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (
TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the
K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by
IAmb in explaining the above verse. (
TA.)
b3: (assumed
tropical:) A person; a being; an individual;
syn. شَخْصٌ; (
Msb;) a man, (
Sb,
S,
M,
TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (
TA;) a living being, altogether. (
Mgh,
Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is
masc.: (
Msb:) or, accord to
Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed
tropical:) [I saw one person], making it
fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed
tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed
tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it
masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it
masc. in the
sing. and dual., and
fem. in the
pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of
Ks: (
M:)
Sb says, (
M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (
S,
M,) making it
masc., (
S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (
S,
M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (
M:) but
Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس
fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the
Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed
tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (
M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed
tropical:) I saw not there any one. (
TA.)
b4: (assumed
tropical:) A brother: (IKh,
IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (
Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed
tropical:) It is said in the
Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (
IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (
Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.
بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed
tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.)
b5: (
tropical:) Blood: (
S,
M,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense,
fem.:]
pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.]
نُفُوسٌ: (
IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æ
n. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (
TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (
Mgh,
Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (
tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (
S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (
tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (
S,
A,
Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (
tropical:) He shed his blood. (
A,
TA.)
b6: (
tropical:) The body. (
S,
A,
K.)
b7: (assumed
tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.]
b8: (assumed
tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the
K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.]
b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.]
b10: (assumed
tropical:) Knowledge. (
A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch.
v. verse 116 of the
Kur-á
n.]
b11: (assumed
tropical:) Pride: (
A,
K,
TA:) and self-magnification;
syn. عِزَّةٌ. (
A,
K.)
b12: (assumed
tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (
A,
K.)
b13: (assumed
tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination:
syn. هِمَّةٌ. (
A,
K.)
b14: (assumed
tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (
A,
K.)
b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.]
b16: [(assumed
tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.]
b17: (
tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (
S,
M,
A,
K,
TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast:
pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (
TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a
trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (
TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (
tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (
S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (
tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (
TA.)
b18: (assumed
tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed
tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (
M.)
A2: Punishment. (
A,
K.)
Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (
K,) in the
Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment];
accord. to
F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (
TA.)
A3: A quantity (
S,
M,
K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (
S,
K,) sufficient for one tanning: (
S,
M,
K:) or enough for two tannings: (
TA:) or a handful thereof: (
M:)
pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (
M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (
S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (
Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (
Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (
M:)
pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (
S,
M, A.
Mgh,
Msb,
K.)
b2: A gentle air:
pl. as above. (
M,
Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (
TA.)
b3: [Hence,
app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (
Kr,
M.)
b4: [Hence also, (assumed
tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an
ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.]
b5: [and (assumed
tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.]
b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (
S,
L,
K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (
L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:]
pl. as above. (
S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (
tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (
S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (
tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (
A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (
tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (
L.)
b7: (
tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (
M,
TA:) [
pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (
tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (
A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (
tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A.
K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (
tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (
IAar,
K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (
tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (
A,
K, *) changed in taste and odour, (
K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (
A,
K) when he has tasted it; (
K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (
TA.)
b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed
tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink;
syn. دِىَّ. (
IAar,
K.)
b9: [Hence also.] (
tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (
Lh,
M.)
b10: (
tropical:) A wide space: (
TA:) (
tropical:) a distance (
A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (
tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (
TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (
tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (
A.)
b11: (
tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c.,
syn. سعةٌ, (
S,
M,
A,
Mgh,
K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (
A,
K,) in an affair. (
S,
M,
A,
K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (
Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (
tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (
S,
M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (
tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (
TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ.
b12: (
tropical:) Length. (
M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (
tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (
M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (
TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (
tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (
A,
TA.)
b13: The
pl., in the
accus. case, also signifies (assumed
tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (
S.)
A2: نَفَسٌ is also a
subst. put in the place of the proper
inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (
K,
TA,) of Mohammad. (
TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (
tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (
K,
TA,) and raises the clouds, (
TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (
K,
TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (
tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (
K,
TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (
TA.) It is [said by some to be] a
metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (
TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (
tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (
A.)
A3: It is also used as an
epithet, signifying (assumed
tropical:) Long; (
Az,
K;) applied to speech, (
K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (
Az,
K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (
S,
Mgh,
K,) with damm, (
K,) [in a copy of the
S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed
tropical:) Delay;
syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (
S,
Mgh,
K;) and ample space,
syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (
TA.)
Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed
tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (
S,
Mgh, *
TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.
نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]
نُفَسَآءُ (
Th,
S,
M,
Mgh,
Msb,
K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (
M,
K) (
tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (
S,
M, *
Mgh, *
Msb, *
K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (
Th,
M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (
Msb;) and so ↓ مَـ
ـنْفُوسَــةٌ: (
A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the
fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (
S:)
pl. نِفَاسٌ, (
S,
M,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,) like as عِشَارٌ is
pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (
S,
Msb,
K,) the only other instance of the kind, (
S,
K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (
M,
K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (
K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (
M) and نُفُسٌ (
M,
K) and نُفْسٌ (
K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (
S,
M,
K) and [
accord. to
analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (
K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see
نَفُوسٌ.
نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ:
b2: and
نَفُوسٌ.
نِفَاسٌ (
tropical:) Childbirth (
S,
K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (
Msb,
TA.) See نُفِسَتْ.
b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.]
b3: Also, (
tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an
inf. n. used as a
subst. (
Mgh.)
b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar,
O, in art. طرق,)
لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ
كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ
[We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (
S.)
نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (
M,
TA:) (
tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (
M,
A, *
TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (
TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (
A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (
Lh,
M,
Msb,
TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (
TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (
S,
K,
TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (
TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (
M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (
Lh,
M,
A,
Msb,
K,) and ↓ مَـ
ـنْفُوسٌ: (
K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (
Lh,
M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (
M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (
K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (
Fr,
K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (
TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the
pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (
M,
TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَـ
ـنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (
M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (
A.)
b2: Also, [as an
epithet in which the quality of a
subst. predominates,] Much property; (
S,
A,
K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (
S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (
S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (
S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.
A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.
A3: (
tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (
S,
M,
K.)
A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (
S,
M,
K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (
Lh,
M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (
S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (
S,
TA.)
A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (
tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (
A,
TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (
tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (
M:) and the like is said of two places: (
M:) and of two lands. (
A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (
tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (
M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (
tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (
A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.
مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.
مَـ
ـنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.
A2: (
tropical:) Brought forth; born. (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K.) It is said in a
trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَـ
ـنْفُوسَــةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (
tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (
S.)
b2: مَـ
ـنْفُوسَــةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.
A3: (
tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (
M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.]
b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ.
b3: See also سَحَرٌ.
مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (
TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the
M:) an
epithet applied to everything having lungs. (
S,
TA.)
b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (
tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (
A,
TA.)
b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (
tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face:
syn. أَفْطَسُ. (
A,
TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.
