عقل

1 عَقڤلَ [The inf. n.] عَقْلٌ signifies The act of withholding, or restraining; syn. مَنْعٌ. (TA.) [This is app. the primary signification, or it may be from what next follows.] b2: عَقَلَ البَعِيرَ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) He bound the camel with the [rope called] عِقَال; (Mgh;) meaning he bound the camel's fore shank to his arm; (K;) i. e. he folded together the camel's fore shank and his arm and bound them both in the middle of the arm with the rope called عِقَال; (S, O, Msb;) and ↓ اعتقلهُ signifies the same; as also ↓ عقّلهُ; (K;) or you say, عَقَّلْتُ الإِبِلَ, from العِقَالُ, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْقِيلٌ, (O,) [i. e. I bound the camels in the manner expl. above,] this verb being with tesh-deed because of its application to a number of objects: (S, O:) and sometimes the hocks were bound with the عِقَال. (TA.) The she-camel, also, was bound with the عِقَال on the occasion of her being covered: b3: and hence العَقْلُ is metonymically used as meaning الجِمَاعُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) The act of compressing a woman]. (TA.) b4: عَقَلْتُ القَتِيلَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) or المَقْتُولَ, (S, O,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (Msb, TA,) means I gave, or paid, the bloodwit to the heir, or next of kin, of the slain person: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K: *) for the camels [that constituted the bloodwit] used to be bound with the عِقَال in the yard of the abode of the heir, or next of kin, of the slain person; and in consequence of frequency of usage, the phrase became employed to mean thus when the bloodwit was given in dirhems or deenárs. (As, S, O, Msb. * [See a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. عيف.]) And [hence] one says also, عَقَلْتُ عَنْهُ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) meaning I paid for him, (the slayer, Mgh,) i. e., in his stead, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, *) the bloodwit that was obligatory upon him, (S, Mgh, O, K, *) or what was obligatory upon him of the bloodwit. (Msb.) And عَقَلْتُ لَهُ دَمَ فُلَانٍ I relinquished in his favour retaliation of the blood of such a one for the bloodwit. (S, O, Msb, K. *) لَا تَعْقِلُ العَاقِلَةُ عَمْدًا وَلَا عَبْدًا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) in a trad. (S, O, Msb) of Esh-Shaabee, (O,) or a saying of Esh-Shaabee, (Mgh, * K,) not a trad., (K,) but the like occurs in a trad. related on the authority of I'Ab, (TA,) [meaning, accord. to an expl. of the verb when trans. without a particle, mentioned above, Those who are responsible for the payment of a bloodwit in certain cases shall not pay it for an intentional act of slaying or the like, nor for the slaying or the like of a slave,] applies, accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh, to the case of a slave's committing a crime against a free person: (S, O, Msb, K: [and thus as expl. in the Mgh:]) but, (S, O, Msb, K,) accord. to Ibn-Abee-Leylà, (S, O, Msb,) it applies to the case of a free person's committing a crime against a slave; for if the meaning were as Aboo-Haneefeh says, the phrase would be لَا تَعْقِلُ العَاقِلَةُ عَنْ عَبْدٍ; (S, O, Msb, K;) and As pronounced this to be correct: (S, O, Msb: *) Akmal-ed-Deen, however, in the Exposition of the Hidáyeh, says that عَقَلْتُهُ is used in the sense of عَقَلْتُ عَنْهُ, and that the context of the trad. indicates this meaning, which MF also defends. (TA.) [See also the saying لَا أَعْقِلُ الكَلْبَ الهَرَّارَ in art. هر.] b5: عَقَلَهُ, inf. n. as above, also means He set him up [app. a man] on one of his legs; [app. from عَقَلَ البَعِيرَ;] as also عَكَلَهُ: and every عَقْل is a raising. (TA.) b6: Also, [agreeably with the explanation of the inf. n. in the first sentence of this art.,] and ↓ عقّلهُ, and ↓ تعقّلهُ, (TA, [see also the first paragraph of art. عجس,]) and ↓ اعتقلهُ, (Msb, TA,) He withheld him, or restrained him, (Msb, TA,) عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ from the object of his want. (TA.) b7: and [hence,] عَقَلَ الدَّوَآءُ بَطْنَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, K) and عَقُلَ, (K,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (TA,) The medicine bound, or confined, his belly [or bowels]; syn. أَمْسَكَهُ: (S, O, Msb, K:) accord. to some, particularly after looseness: and بَطْنَهُ ↓ اعتقل signifies the same. (TA.) And يَعْقِلُ الطَّبْعَ is said of a medicine [as meaning, in like manner, It binds the bowels; is astringent]. (TA in art. حمض; &c.) And عقل البَطْنُ [app. عُقِلَ] The belly [or bowels] became bound, or confined; syn. اِسْتَمْسَكَ. (TA.) b8: عَقَلَ عَلَى القَوْمِ, [aor. ـِ inf. n. عِقَالٌ, means He collected, or exacted, the poor-rates of the people, or party; [app. from عَقَلَ البَعِيرَ; as though he bound with the rope called عِقَال the camels that he collected;] on the authority of IKtt. (TA.) 'Omar, when he had deferred [collecting] the poor-rate in the year [of drought called] عَامُ الرَّمَادَةِ, sent Ibn-AbeeDhubáb, and said, اِعْقِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ عِقَالَيْنِ فَاقْسِمْ فِيهِمْ عِقَالًا وَاءْتِنِى بِالآخَرِ [Collect thou from them two years' poor-rate; then divide among them one year's poor-rate, and bring to me the other]. (O.) One says of the collector of the poor-rate, يَعْقِلُ الصَّدَقَةَ [He collects, or exacts, the poor-rate]. (S, O.) b9: عَقَلَ فُلَانًا and ↓ اعتقلهُ signify He threw down such a one [in wrestling] by twisting his leg upon the latter's leg: (K, * TA:) [or] you say, الشَّغْزَبِيَّةَ ↓ صَارَعَهُ فَاعْتَقَلَهُ He wrestled with him and twisted his leg upon the leg of the latter: (S, O:) and one says of a wrestler, ↓ لِفُلَانٍ عُقْلَةٌ بِهَا النَّاسَ ↓ يَعْتَقِلُ, (S, O,) or يَعْقِلُ بِهَا النَّاسَ, i. e. [Such a one has] a [mode of] twisting his leg with another's [whereby he wrestles with men]. (TA.) b10: عَقَلَتْ شَعَرَهَا, (inf. n. عَقْلٌ, TA,) said of a woman, She combed her hair: (S, O:) or combed it in a certain manner; as also ↓ عَقَّلَتْهُ. (TA.) A2: عَقَلَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ and ↓ مَعْقُولٌ, (S, O, K,) or the latter, accord. to Sb, is an epithet, [or a pass. part. n.,] for he used to say that no inf. n. has the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (S, O,) He was, or became, عَاقِل [i. e. intelligent, &c.; and so ↓ تعقّل; as though he were withheld, or restrained, from doing that which is not suitable, or befitting: see عَقْلٌ below]: and ↓ عقّل, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْقِيلٌ, (TA,) signifies the same, (K,) or [he possessed much intelligence, for] it is with teshdeed to denote muchness: (TA:) and عَقِلَ, aor. ـَ is a dial. var. of عَقَلَ, aor. ـِ signifying he became عَاقِل. (IKtt, TA.) b2: And عَقَلَ الشَّىْءَ, (Msb, K, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (Msb, TA,) He understood, or knew, the thing; syn. فَهِمَهُ: (K, TA:) or i. q. تَدَبَّرَهُ [app. as meaning he looked into, considered, examined, or studied, the thing repeatedly, until he knew it]; and عَقِلَ, aor. ـَ is a dial. var. thereof. (Msb.) See also 5. b3: مَا أَعْقِلُهُ عَنْكَ شَيْئًا, (S, and so in the K accord. to my copy of the TA, but in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K ↓ اَعْقَلَهُ,) meaning دَعْ عَنْكَ الشَّكَّ [Dismiss from thee doubt], is [said to be] mentioned by Sb; as though the speaker said, مَا أَعْلِمُ شَيْئًا مِمَّا تَقُولُ فَدَعْ عَنْكَ الشَّكَّ [I know not aught of what thou sayest, so dismiss from thee doubt]; and [to be] like the phrases خُذْ عَنْكَ and سِرْ عَنْكَ: Bekr El-Mázinee says, “I asked Az and As and Aboo-Málik and Akh respecting this phrase, and they all said, 'We know not what it is: ' ” (so in the S:) [but] it is a mistake, for مَا أَغْفَلَهُ; (K, TA;) and thus it is mentioned by Sb and others, with غ and ف. (TA.) نَخْلَةٌ لَا تَعْقِلُ الإِبَارَ (tropical:) A palm-tree that will not receive fecundation is a tropical phrase [perhaps from عَقَلَ meaning “ he understood ” a thing]. (A, TA.) b4: عَاقَلْتُهُ فَعَقْلْتُهُ: see 3. b5: عَقَلَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عُقُولٌ (S, O, K) and عَقْلٌ, (K,) He (a mountain-goat, S, O) became, or made himself, inaccessible in a high mountain: (S: in the O unexplained:) or he [a gazelle) ascended [a mountain]. (K.) Accord. to Az, العُقُولُ signifies The protecting oneself in a mountain. (TA.) and one says, عَقَلَ إِلَيْهِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ and عُقُولٌ, He betook himself to him, or it, for refuge, protection, covert, or lodging. (K.) b6: عَقَلَ الظِّلُّ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ (K) [and probably عُقُولٌ also], The shade declined, and contracted, or shrank, at midday; (S, O;) the sun became high, and the shade almost disappeared. (S, O, K.) A3: عَقَلَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (TA,) said of a camel, He pastured upon the plant called عَاقُول. (O, K.) A4: عَقِلَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. عَقَلٌ, (S, O, K,) He (a camel) had a twisting in the hind leg, (S, O, K,) and much width [between the hind legs]: (S, O:) or had an excessive wideness, or spreading, of the hind legs, so that the hocks knocked together: (ISk, S, O:) or had a knocking together of the knees. (K.) [See also رَوَحَ.]2 عَقَّلَ see 1, in four places.

A2: عقّلهُ, inf. n. تَعْقِيلٌ, also signifies He, or it, rendered him عَاقِل [i. e. intelligent, &c.]. (O, K.) A3: And عقّل said of a grape-vine, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) It put forth its عُقَّيْلَى, or grapes in their first, sour, state. (O, K.) 3 المَرْأَةُ تُعَاقِلُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ دِيَتِهَا (S, Mgh, O, K) means The woman is on a par with the man to the third part of her bloodwit; (S, Mgh, O;) she receives like as the man receives [up to that point]: (Mgh:) i. e., [for instance,] his مُوضِحَة [or wound of the head for which the mulct is five camels] and her مُوضِحَة are equal; (K;) but when the portion reaches to the third of the bloodwit, her [portion of the] bloodwit is the half of that of the man: (S, O, K:) thus, for one of her fingers, ten camels are due to her, as in the case of the finger of the man; for two of her fingers, twenty camels; and for three of her fingers, thirty; but for four of her fingers, only twenty, because they exceed the third, therefore the portion is reduced to the half of what is due to the man: so accord. to Ibn-El-Museiyab: but Esh-Sháfi'ee and the people of El-Koofeh assign for the finger of the woman five camels, and for two of her fingers ten; and regard not the third part. (TA.) A2: ↓ عَاقَلْتُهُ فَعَقَلْتُهُ, (S, O, K, *) inf. n. of the former مُعَاقَلَةٌ, (TA,) and aor. of the latter عَقُلَ, (S, O, K,) and inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (TA,) means I vied, or contended, with him for superiority in عَقْل [or intelligence], (O, TA,) and I surpassed him therein. (S, O, K, * TA.) 4 اعقل He (a man) owed what is termed عِقَال, (O, K, TA,) i. e. a year's poor-rate. (TA.) b2: اعقل القَوْمُ The people, or party, became in the condition of finding the shade to have declined, and contracted, or shrunk, with them, at midday. (S, O.) A2: اعقلهُ He found him to be عَاقِل [i. e. intelligent, &c.]: (K:) it is similar to أَحْمَدَهُ and أَبْخَلَهُ. (TA.) b2: See also 1, last quarter.5 تعقّلهُ: see 1, near the middle: b2: and see 8, in four places. b3: تَعَقَّلْ لِى بِكَفَّيْكَ حَتَّى أَرْكَبَ بَعِيرِى, (O, K, *) a saying heard by Az from an Arab of the desert, (O,) means Put thy two hands together for me, and intersert thy fingers together, in order that I may put my foot upon them, i. e. upon thy hands, and mount my camel; for the camel was standing; (O, K; *) and was laden; and if he had made him to lie down, would not rise with him and his load. (O.) A2: [It is used in philosophical works as meaning He conceived it in his mind, abstractedly, and otherwise; and so, sometimes, ↓ عَقَلَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ. Hence one says, هٰذَا شَىْءٌ لَا يُتَعَقَّلُ This is a thing that is not conceivable.]

A3: تعقّل as intrans.: see 1, latter half. b2: [Hence, He recovered his intellect, or understanding. b3: And] He affected, or endeavoured to acquire, عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, &c.]: like as one says تَحَلَّمَ and تَكَيَّسَ. (S, O.) [See also 6.] b4: Said of an animal of the chase, as meaning It stuck fast, and became caught, in a net or the like, it is a coined word, not heard [from the Arabs of chaste speech]. (Mgh.) 6 تعاقلوا دَمُ فُلَانٍ They paid among themselves, or conjointly, the mulct for the blood of such a one. (K.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّا لَا نَتَعَاقَلُ المَصْعَ Verily we will not pay among ourselves, or conjointly, the mulcts for slight wounds of the head, [lit. the stroke with a sword,] but will oblige him who commits the offence to pay the mulct for it: i. e. the people of the towns or villages shall not pay the mulcts for the people of the desert; nor the people of the desert, for the people of the towns or villages; in the like of the case of the [wound termed] مُوضِحَة. (TA.) And in another it is said, يَتَعَاقَلُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ مَعَاقِلَهُمُ الأُولَى [They shall take and give among themselves, or conjointly, their former bloodwits]: i. e. they shall be as they were in respect of the taking and giving of bloodwits. (TA.) And one says, القَوْمُ عَلَى مَا كَانُوا يَتَعَاقَلُونَ عَلَيْهِ [The people, or party, are acting in conformity with that usage in accordance with which they used to pay and receive among themselves bloodwits]. (S, O.) A2: تعاقل also signifies He affected, or made a show of possessing, عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, &c.], without having it. (S, O.) [See also 5.]8 إِعْتَقَلَ see 1, former half, in three places. b2: اُعْتُقِلَ said of a man, He was withheld, restrained, or confined. (S, O.) b3: And اُعْتُقِلَ لِسَانُهُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and اِعْتَقَلَ, also, (Msb,) His tongue was withheld, or restrained, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) from speaking; (Mgh, Msb;) he was unable to speak. (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K.) b4: [Hence,] اعتقل الشَّاةَ He put the hind legs of the ewe, or she-goat, between his shank and his thigh, (S, O, K,) to milk her, (S, O,) or and so milked her. (K.) And اعتقل رُمْحَهُ He put his spear between his shank and his stirrup [or stirrup-leather]: (S, O, K:) or he (a man riding) put his spear beneath his thigh, and dragged the end of it upon the ground behind him. (IAth, TA.) And اعتقل الرَّحْلَ, and ↓ تعقّلهُ; (O;) or اعتقل الرِّجْلَ, (O, K,) accord. to one relation of a verse of Dhu-rRummeh, (O,) and ↓ تعقّلها; (K;) He [a man riding upon a camel] folded his leg, and put it upon the مَوْرِك: (O, K, * TA:) in the K, الوَرِك is erroneously put for المَوْرِك: (TA:) the مَوْرِك is before the وَاسِطَة [or upright piece of wood in the fore part] of the camel's saddle: (AO, in TA art. ورك:) and one says also, اعتقل قَادِمَةَ رَحْلِهِ and ↓ تعقّلها; both meaning the same [as above]: (TA:) and السَّرْجَ ↓ تعقّل and اعتقلهُ He folded his leg upon the fore part of the سرج [or saddle of the horse or the like]. (Mgh.) b5: See also 1, latter half, in three places. b6: الاِعْتِقَالُ also signifies The inserting a سَيْر [or narrow strip of skin or leather], when sewing a skin, beneath a سَيْر, in order that it may become strong, and that the water may not issue from it. (AA, O.) A2: and one says, اعتقل مِنْ دَمِ فُلَانٍ, (O, K,) and مِنْ طَائِلَتِهِ, (O,) meaning He took, or received, the عَقْل, (O, K, TA,) i. e. the mulct for the blood of such a one. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَعْقَلَ [استعقلهُ He counted, accounted, or esteemed, him عَاقِل, i. e. intelligent, &c.: for] you say of a man, يُسْتَعْقَلُ [from العَقْلُ], like as you say يُسْتَحْمَقُ [from الحُمْقُ], and يُسْتَرْأَى from الرِّئَآءُ. (AA, S in art. رأى.) عَقْلٌ an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly so termed], (Msb,) A bloodwit, or mulct for bloodshed; syn. دِيَةٌ; (As, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) so called for a reason mentioned in the first paragraph in the explanation of the phrase عَقَلْتُ القَتِيلَ; (As, S, Mgh, * O, Msb;) as also ↓ مَعْقُلَةٌ, (S, Mgh, O, K,) of which ↓ مِعْقَلَةٌ, with fet-h to the ق, is a dial. var., mentioned in the R; (TA;) and of which the pl. is مَعَاقِلُ: (S, O, K:) one says, ↓ لَنَاعِنْدَ فُلَانٍ ضَمَدٌ مِنْ مَعْقُلَةٍ i. e. We have a remainder of a bloodwit owed to us by such a one. (S, O.) And الأُولَى ↓ هُمْ عَلَى مَعَاقِلِهِمِ They are [acting] in conformity with [the usages relating to] the bloodwits that were in the Time of Ignorance; (K, TA;) or meaning عَلَى مَا كَانُوا يَتَعَاقَلُونَ عَلَيْهِ [expl. above (see 6)]: (S, O:) or they are [acting] in conformity with the conditions of their fathers; (K, TA;) but the former is the primary meaning: (TA:) and [hence]

عَلَى قَوْمِهِ ↓ صَارَ دَمُ فُلَانٍ مَعْقُلَةً The blood of such a one became [the occasion of] a debt incumbent on his people, or party, (S, O, K, *) to be paid by them from their possessions. (S, O.) A2: And as being originally the inf. n. of عَقَلَ in the phrase عَقَلَ الشَّىْءَ meaning [فَهِمَهُ or] تَدَبَّرَهُ; (Msb;) or as originally meaning المَنْعُ, because it withholds, or restrains, its possessor from doing that which is not suitable; or from المَعْقِلُ as meaning “ the place to which one has recourse for protection &c.,” because its possessor has recourse to it; (TA;) العَقْلُ signifies also Intelligence, understanding, intellect, mind, reason, or knowledge; syn. الحَجْرُ, (S, O,) and النُّهَى, (S,) or النُّهْيَةُ, (O,) or الحِجَا, and اللُّبُّ, (Msb,) or العِلْمُ, (K,) or the contr. of الحُمْقُ; (M, TA;) or the knowledge of the qualities of things, of their goodness and their badness, and their perfectness and their defectiveness; or the knowledge of the better of two good things, and of the worse of two bad things, or of affairs absolutely; or a faculty whereby is the discrimination between the bad and the good; (K, TA;) but these and other explanations of العَقْل in the K are all in treatises of intellectual things, and not mentioned by the leading lexicologists; (TA; [in which are added several more explanations of a similar kind that have no proper place in this work;]) some say that it is an innate property by which man is prepared to understand speech; (Msb;) the truth is, that it is a spiritual light, (K, TA,) shed into the heart and the brain, (TA,) whereby the soul acquires the instinctive and speculative kinds of knowledge, and the commencement of its existence is on the occasion of the young's becoming in the fætal state, [or rather of its quickening,] after which it continues to increase until it becomes complete on the attainment of puberty, (K, TA,) or until the attainment of forty years: (TA:) the pl. is عُقُولٌ: (K:) Sb mentions عَقْلٌ as an instance of an inf. n. having a pl., namely, عُقُولٌ; like شُغْلٌ and مَرَضٌ: (TA in art. مرض:) IAar says, (O,) العَقْلُ is [syn. with] القَلْبُ, and القَلْبُ is [syn. with] العَقْلُ: (O, K:) and ↓ المَعْقُولُ is [said to be] a subst., or name, for العَقْلُ, like المَجْلُودُ and المَيْسُورُ for الجَلَادَةُ and اليُسْرُ: (Har p. 12:) it is said in a prov., ↓ مَا لَهُ جُولٌ وَلَا مَعْقُولٌ, (Meyd, and Har ubi suprà,) meaning He has not strong purpose of mind, [to withhold, or protect, him,] like the جول [or casing] of the well of the collapsing whereof one is free from fear because of its firmness, nor intellect, or intelligence, (عَقْل,) to withhold him from doing that which is not suitable to the likes of him. (Meyd. [But see مَعْقُولٌ below.]) [Hence, أَسْنَانُ العَقْلِ (see 1 in art. حنك) and أَضْرَاسُ العَقْلِ (see ضِرْسٌ), both meaning The wisdom-teeth.]

A3: [It is said that]

عَقْلٌ also signifies A fortress; syn. حِصْنٌ. (K.) [But this seems to be doubtful.] See مَعْقِلٌ.

A4: And A sort of red cloth (S, O, K) with which the [women's camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج is covered: (K:) or a sort of what are called بُرُود [pl. of بُرْدٌ, q. v.] or a sort of figured cloth, (K,) or, as in the M, of red figured cloth: (TA:) or such as is figured with long forms. (Har p. 416.) عُقْلَةٌ A bond like the عِقَال [q. v.]: or a shackle. (Har p. 199.) b2: [Hence it seems to signify An impediment of any kind.] One says, بِهِ عُقْلَةٌ مِنَ السِّحْرِ وَقَدْ عُمِلَتْ لَهُ نُشْرَةٌ [app. meaning In him is an impediment arising from enchantment, and a charm, or an amulet, has been made for him]. (S, O.) b3: And A [mode of] twisting one's leg with another's in wrestling. (TA.) See 1, latter half. b4: And A twisting of the tongue when one desires to speak. (Mbr, TA in art. حبس.) b5: And, in the conventional language of the geomancers, (O, K,) it consists of A unit and a pair and a unit, (O,) the sign ??: (K, TA:) also called ثِقَافٌ. (O, TA.) عَقْلِىٌّ Intellectual, as meaning of, or relating to, the intellect.]

عِقَالٌ A rope with which a camel's fore shank is bound to his arm, both being folded together and bound in the middle of the arm: pl. عُقُلٌ. (S, O, Msb.) [See also شِكَالٌ.] b2: And The poor-rate (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) of a year, (S, Mgh, O, K,) consisting of camels and of sheep or goats. (K.) [See a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. سعو and سعى.] One says, عَلَى بَنِى فُلَانٍ عِقَالَانِ On the sons of such a one lies a poor-rate of two years. (S, O.) And hence the saying of Aboo-Bekr, لَوْ مَنَعُونِى عِقَالًا (Mgh, O, Msb) If they refused me a year's poor-rate: (Mgh, O:) and it is said that the phrase أَخَذَ عِقَالًا was used when the collector of the poor-rate took the camels themselves, not their price: (TA:) or Aboo-Bekr meant a rope of the kind above mentioned; (Mgh, O, Msb;) for when one gave the poor-rate of his camels, he gave with them their عُقُل: (O, Msb:) or (Mgh, TA) he meant thereby a paltry thing, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) of the value of the [rope called] عقال: (TA:) or he said عَنَاقًا [“ a she-kid ”]; (Mgh, TA;) so accord. to Bkh, (Mgh,) and most others: (TA:) or جُدَيًّا [“ a little kid ”]. (Mgh, TA.) b3: Also A young [she-camel such as is called] قَلُوص. (K.) b4: عِقَالُ المِئِينَ meansThe man of high rank who, when he has been made a prisoner, is ransomed with hundreds of camels. (K.) عَقُولٌ A medicine that binds, confines, or astringes, the belly [or bowels]; (S, O, Msb;) as also ↓ عَاقُولٌ; contr. of حَادُورٌ. (A in art. حدر.) A2: See also عَاقِلٌ, latter half, in two places.

عَقِيلَةٌ A woman of generous race, (S, O, K,) modest, or bashful, (S, O,) that is kept behind the curtain, (K,) held in high estimation: (TA:) the excellent of camels, (Az, S, O, K,) and of other things: (Az, TA:) or the most excellent of every kind of thing: (S, O, K:) and the chief of a people: (K:) the first is the primary signification: then it became used as meaning the excel-lent of any kind of things, substantial, and also ideal, as speech, or language: pl. عَقَائِلُ. (TA.) And العَقِيلَةُ: (K,) or عَقِيلَةُ البَحْرِ, (S, O, TA,) signifies The pearl, or large pearl: (S, O, K, * TA: *) or the large and clear pearl: or, accord. to IB, the pearl, or large pearl, in its shell. (TA.) إِبِلٌ عُقَيْلِيَّةٌ Certain hardy, excellent, highly esteemed, camels, of Nejd. (Msb.) عُقَّالٌ A limping, or slight lameness, syn. ظَلَعٌ, (so in copies of the S,) or ضَلَعٌ [which is said to signify the same, or correctly to signify a natural crookedness], (so in other copies of the S and in the O,) which occurs in the legs of a beast: (S, O:) or a certain disease in the hind leg of a beast, such that, when he goes along, he limps, or is slightly lame, for a while, after which he stretches forth; (K, TA;) accord. to A'Obeyd, (TA,) peculiar to the horse; (K, TA;) but it mostly occurs in sheep or goats. (TA.) b2: دَآءٌ ذُو عُقَّالٍ

A disease of which one will not be cured. (TA.) A2: عُقَّالُ الكَلَأِ Three herbs that remain after having been cut, which are the سَعْدَانَة and the حُلَّب and the قُطْبَة. (TA.) A3: And عَقَاقِيلُ, [a pl.] of which the sing. is not mentioned, [perhaps pl. of عُقَّالٌ, but in two senses a pl. of عَقَنْقَلٌ,] signifies The portions of a grape-vine that are raised and supported upon a trellis or the like. (TA.) عُقَّيْلَى Grapes in their first, sour, state. (O, K.) أَخَذَهُ العِقِّيلَى i. q. شَغْزَبَهُ and شَغْرَبَهُ. (Az, TA in art. شغزب.) عَاقِلٌ [act. part. n. of عَقَلَ: and as such,] The payer of a bloodwit: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.]

↓ عَاقِلَةٌ: (Msb:) the latter is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; (TA;) and signifies a man's party (S, Mgh, O, K, TA) who league together to defend one another, (S, O, K, TA,) consisting of the relations on the father's side, (S, Mgh, * O, TA,) who pay the bloodwit (S, Mgh, O, TA) [app. in conjunction with the slayer] for him who has been slain unintentionally: (S, O, TA:) it was decided by the Prophet that it was to be paid in three years, to the heirs of the person slain: (TA:) they look to the offender's brothers on the father's side, who, if they take it upon them, pay it in three years: if they do not take it upon them, the debt is transferred to the sons [meaning all the male descendants] of his grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his father's grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his grandfather's grandfather; and so on: it is not transferred from any one of these classes unless they are unable [to pay it]: and such as are enrolled in a register [of soldiers or pensioners or any corporation] are alike in respect of the bloodwit: (IAth, TA:) or, accord. to the people of El-'Irák, it means the persons enrolled in the registers [of soldiers or of others]: (S, O:) or it is applied to the persons of the register which was that of the slayer; who derive their subsistence-money, or allowances, from the revenues of a particular register: (Mgh:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said to Is-hák Ibn-Mansoor, it is applied to the tribe (قَبِيلَة) [of the slayer]; but that they bear responsibility [only] in proportion to their ability; and that if there is no عَاقِلَة, it [i. e. the bloodwit] is not to be from the property of the offender; but Is-hák says that in this case it is to be from the treasury of the state, the bloodwit not being [in any case] made a thing of no account: (TA:) the pl. of عَاقِلَةٌ thus applied is عَوَاقِلُ. (Msb.) A2: عَاقِلٌ also signifies Having, or possessing, عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, understanding, &c.; or intelligent, &c.; a rational being]; (S, O, Msb, K;) and so ↓ عَقُولٌ, (S, O, K,) or this latter has an intensive signification [i. e. having much intelligence &c.]: (TA: [see an ex. in a saying cited voce أَبْلَهُ, in art. بله:]) the former is expl. by some as applied to a man who withholds, or restrains, and turns back, his soul from its inclinations, or blamable inclinations: (TA:) and it is likewise applied to a woman, as also عَاقِلَةٌ: (Msb:) the pl. masc. is عُقَّالٌ and عُقَلَآءُ, (Msb, K,) this latter pl. sometimes used; and the pl. fem. is عَوَاقِلُ and عَاقِلَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: عَاقِلٌ is also applied to a mountaingoat, as an epithet, signifying That protects himself in his mountain from the hunter: (TA:) [and in like manner ↓ عَقُولٌ is said by Freytag to be used in the Deewán of Jereer.] And it is [also] a name for A mountain-goat, (S, O,) or a gazelle; (K;) because it renders itself inaccessible in a high mountain. (S, O, K. *) b3: And عَاقِلَةٌ signifies A female comber of the hair. (S, O.) عَاقِلَةٌ, as a coll. gen. n.: see عَاقِلٌ; of which it is also fem.

عَاقُولٌ: see عَقُولٌ.

A2: Also A bent portion, (S, O,) or place of bending, (K,) of a river, and of a valley, (S, O, K,) and of sand: (S, O:) pl. عَوَاقِيلُ: or the عَوَاقِيل of valleys are the angles, in the places of bending, thereof; and the sing. is عَاقُولٌ. (TA.) b2: And The main of the sea: or the waves thereof. (K.) b3: And A land in which (so in copies of the K, but in some of them to which,) one will not find the right way, (K, TA,) because of its many places of winding. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] عَوَاقِيلُ الأُمُورِ What are confused and dubious of affairs. (S, O, K. *) b5: And [hence] one says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو عَوَاقِيلَ, meaning Verily he is an author, or a doer, of evil. (TA.) A3: Also A certain plant, (O, K,) well known, (K,) not mentioned by AHn (O, TA) in the Book of Plants; (TA;) [the prickly hedysarum; hedysarum alhagi of Linn.; common in Egypt, and there called by this name; fully described by Forskål in his Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. 136;] it has thorns; camels pasture upon it; and [hence] it is called شَوْكُ الجِمَالِ; it grows upon the dykes and the تُرَع [or canals for irrigation]; and has a violetcoloured flower. (TA.) [See also تَرَنْجُبِينٌ; and see حَاجٌ, in art. حيج.]

عَنْقَلٌ: see the next paragraph.

عَقَنْقَلٌ A great كَثِيب [i. e. hill, or heap, or oblong or extended gibbous hill,] of intermingled sands: (S, O:) or a كَثِيب that is accumulated (K, TA) and intermingled: or a حَبْل [or long and elevated tract] of sand, having winding portions, and حِرَف [app. meaning ridges], and compacted: (TA:) accord. to El-Ahmar, it is the largest quantity of sand; larger than the كَثِيب: (S voce لَبَبٌ:) pl. عَقَاقِلُ (S, O) and عَقَاقِيلُ (O) and عَقَنْقَلَاتٌ. (TA.) b2: And A great, wide, valley: (K:) pl. عَقَاقِلُ and عَقَاقِيلُ. (TA.) b3: Also, (S, O, K,) sometimes, (S, O,) and ↓ عَنْقَلٌ, (O, K,) The مَصَارِين [or intestines into which the food passes from the stomach], (S, O,) or قَانِصَة [which here probably signifies the same], (K,) of a [lizard of the species called] ضَبّ: (S, O, K:) or the [portion of fat termed] كُشْيَة of the ضَبّ. (TA.) أَطْعِمْ أَخَاكَ مِنْ عَقَنْقَلِ الضَّبِّ [Give thy brother to eat of the intestines, &c., of the dabb: or, as some relate it, مِنْ كُشْيَةِ الضَّبِّ:] is a prov., said in urging a man to make another to share in the means of subsistence; or, accord. to some, denoting derision. (TA.) b4: Also A [drinking-cup, or bowl, of the kind called] قَدَح. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b5: And A sword. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) أَعْقَلُ, applied to a camel, Having what is termed عَقَلٌ, i. e. a twisting in the hind leg, &c.: (S, O, K: [see the last portion of the first paragraph:]) fem. عَقْلَآءُ, applied to a she-camel. (S, K.) A2: [Also More, and most, عَاقِل, or intelligent, &c.]

مَعْقِلٌ A place to which one betakes himself for refuge, protection, preservation, covert, or lodging; syn. مَلْجَأٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَقْلٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عُقُولٌ: (S, O:) but Az says that he had not heard عَقْل in this sense on any authority except that of Lth; and held العُقُولُ, which is cited as an ex. of its pl., to signify “ the protecting oneself in a mountain: ” (TA:) and مَعْقِلٌ signifies also a fortress; [like as عَقْلٌ is said to do;] syn. حِصْنٌ: (Mgh:) the pl. is مَعَاقِلُ. (TA.) Hence one says, using it metaphorically, هُوَ مَعْقِلُ قَوْمِهِ (tropical:) He is the refuge of his people: and the kings of Himyer are termed in a trad. مَعَاقِلُ الأَرْضِ, meaning The fortresses [or refuges] of the land. (TA.) b2: [It is perhaps primarily used in relation to camels; for] مَعَاقِلُ الإِبِلِ means The places in which the camels are bound with the rope called عِقَال. (TA.) مَعْقُلَةٌ and مَعْقَلَةٌ; and the pl.: see عَقْلٌ, first quarter, in five places. b2: [It seems to be implied in the S and O that the former signifies also Places that retain the rain-water.]

تَمْرٌ مَعْقِلِىٌّ, (Mgh, Msb,) or رُطَبٌ مَعْقِلِىٌّ, (S,) A certain sort of dates, (Mgh, * Msb,) [or fresh ripe dates,] of El-Basrah: (Msb:) so called in relation to Maakil Ibn-Yesár. (S, Mgh, Msb.) مُعَقَّلَةٌ is applied to camels (إِبِلٌ) as meaning Bound with the rope called عِقَال. (O, TA.) and also to a she-camel bound therewith on the occasion of her being covered: and hence the epithet مُعَقَّلَاتٌ is applied by a poet, metonymically, to women, in a similar sense. (TA.) مَعْقُولٌ [pass. part. n. of عَقَلَ in all its senses as a trans. verb. b2: Hence it signifies Intellectual, as meaning perceived by the intellect; and excogitated: thus applied as an epithet to any branch of knowledge that is not necessarily مَنْقُولٌ, which means “ desumed,” such as the science of the fundamentals of religion, and the like. b3: Hence also, Intelligible. b4: And Approved by the intellect; or reasonable.

A2: It is also said to be an inf. n.]: see 1, latter half. b2: And see عَقْلٌ, latter half, in two places.

مَعْقُولَاتٌ Intellectual things, meaning things perceived by the intellect: generally used in this sense in scientific treatises. b2: And hence, Intel-ligible things. b3: And Things approved by the intellect; or reasonable.]

صَنْعَاءُ:
منسوبة إلى جودة الصنعة في ذاتها، كقولهم:
امرأة حسناء وعجزاء وشهلاء، والنسبة إليها صنعانيّ
على غير قياس كالنسبة إلى بهراء بهراني، وصنعاء:
موضعان أحدهما باليمن، وهي العظمى، وأخرى قرية بالغوطة من دمشق، ونذكر أوّلا اليمانية ثمّ نذكر الدمشقية ونفرق بين من نسب إلى هذه وهذه، فأما اليمانية فقال أبو القاسم الزجاجي: كان اسم صنعاء في القديم أزال، قال ذلك الكلبي والشّرقي وعبد المنعم، فلمّا وافتها الحبشة قالوا نعم نعم فسمّي الجبل نعم أي انظر، فلمّا رأوا مدينتها وجدوها مبنية بالحجارة حصينة فقالوا هذه صنعة ومعناه حصينة فسمّيت صنعاء بذلك، وبين صنعاء وعدن ثمانية وستون ميلا، وصنعاء قصبة اليمن وأحسن بلادها، تشبّه بدمشق لكثرة فواكهها وتدفق مياهها فيما قيل، وقيل:
سميت بصنعاء بن أزال بن يقطن بن عابر بن شالخ وهو الذي بناها، وطول صنعاء ثلاث وستون درجة وثلاثون دقيقة، وعرضها أربع عشرة درجة وثلاثون دقيقة، وهي في الإقليم الأوّل، وقيل: كانت تسمى أزال، قال ابن الكلبي: إنما سميت صنعاء لأن وهرز لما دخلها قال: صنعة صنعة، بريد أن الحبشة أحكمت صنعتها، قال: وإنّما سميت باسم الذي بناها وهو صنعاء بن أزال بن عبير بن عابر بن شالخ فكانت تعرف بأزال وتارة بصنعاء، وقال مجاهد في قوله تعالى:
غُدُوُّها شَهْرٌ وَرَواحُها شَهْرٌ 34: 12، كان سليمان، عليه السلام، يستعمل الشياطين بإصطخر ويعرضهم بالريّ ويعطيهم أجورهم بصنعاء فشكوا أمرهم إلى إبليس فقال: عظم البلاء وقد حضر الفرج، وقال عمارة بن أبي الحسن:
ليس بجميع اليمن أكبر ولا أكثر مرافق وأهلا من صنعاء، وهو بلد في خط الاستواء، وهي من الاعتدال من الهواء بحيث لا يتحوّل الإنسان من مكان طول عمره صيفا ولا شتاء، وتتقارب بها ساعات الشتاء والصيف، وبها بناء عظيم قد خرب، وهو تلّ عظيم عال وقد عرف بغمدان، وقال معمر: وطئت أرضين كثيرة شاما وخراسان وعراقا فما رأيت مدينة أطيب من صنعاء، وقال محمد بن أحمد الهمداني الفقيه:
صنعاء طيبة الهواء كثيرة الماء يقال إن أهلها يشتون مرتين ويصيّفون مرّتين وكذلك أهل فران ومأرب وعدن والشحر، وإذا صارت الشمس إلى أوّل الحمل صار الحر عندهم مفرطا، فإذا صارت إلى أوّل السرطان وزالت عن سمت رؤوسهم أربعة وعشرين شتوا ثمّ تعود الشمس إليهم إذا صارت إلى أول الميزان فيصيّفون ثانية ويشتدّ الحرّ عليهم، فإذا زالت إلى الجنوب وصارت إلى الجدي شتوا ثانية غير أن شتاءهم قريب من صيفهم، قال: وكان في ظفار وهي صنعاء، كذا قال، وظفار مشهورة على ساحل البحر، ولعلّ هذه كانت تسمّى بذلك، قريب من القصور قصر زيدان، وهو قصر المملكة، وقصر شوحطان، وقصر كوكبان، وهو جبل قريب منها، وقد ذكر في موضعه، قال:
وكان لمدينة صنعاء تسعة أبواب، وكان لا يدخلها غريب إلّا بإذن، كانوا يجدون في كتبهم أنها تخرب من رجل يدخل من باب لها يسمّى باب حقل فكانت عليه أجراس متى حركت سمع صوت الأجراس من الأماكن البعيدة، وكانت مرتبة صاحب الملك على ميل من بابها، وكان من دونه إلى الباب حاجبان بين كلّ واحد إلى صاحبه رمية سهم، وكانت له سلسلة من ذهب من عند الحاجب إلى باب المدينة ممدودة وفيها أجراس متى قدم على الملك شريف أو رسول أو بريد من بعض العمال حركت السلسلة فيعلم الملك بذلك فيرى رأيه، وقال أبو محمد اليزيدي يمدح صنعاء ويفضلها على غيرها وكان قد دخلها:
قلت ونفسي جمّ تأوّهها ... تصبو إلى أهلها وأندهها:
سقيا لصنعاء! لا أرى بلدا ... أوطنه الموطنون يشبهها
خفضا ولينا، ولا كبهجتها، ... أرغد أرض عيشا وأرفهها
يعرف صنعاء من أقام بها ... أعذى بلاد عذا وأنزهها
ما أنس لا أنس ما فجعت به ... يوما بنا إبلها تجهجهها
فصاح بالبين ساجع لغب، ... وجاهرت بالشّمات أمّهها
ضعضع ركني فراق ناعمة ... في ناعمات تصان أوجهها
كأنّها فضّة مموّهة ... أحسن تمويهها مموّهها
نفس بين الأحباب والهة، ... وشحط ألّافها يولّهها
نفى عزائي وهاج لي حزني، ... والنّفس طوع الهوى ينفهها
كم دون صنعاء سملقا جددا ... ينبو بمن رامها معوّهها
أرض بها العين والظّباء معا ... فوضى مطافيلها وولّهها
كيف بها، كيف وهي نازحة، ... مشبّه تيهها ومهمهها
وبنى أبرهة بصنعاء القليس وأخذ الناس بالحجّ إليه وبناه بناء عجيبا، وقد ذكر في موضعه، وقدم يزيد ابن عمرو بن الصّعق صنعاء ورأى أهلها وما فيها من العجائب، فلمّا انصرف قيل له: كيف رأيت صنعاء؟ فقال:
ومن ير صنعاء الجنود وأهلها، ... وجنود حمير قاطنين وحميرا
يعلم بأنّ العيش قسّم بينهم، ... حلبوا الصفاء فأنهلوا ما كدّرا
ويرى مقامات عليها بهجة ... يأرجن هنديّا ومسكا أذفرا
ويروى عن مكحول أنّه قال: أربع من مدن الجنة:
مكّة والمدينة وإيلياء ودمشق، وأربع من مدن النار:
أنطاكية والطوانة وقسطنطينية وصنعاء، وقال أبو عبيد: وكان زياد بن منقذ العدوي نزل صنعاء فاستوبأها وكان منزله بنجد في وادي أشيّ فقال يتشوق بلاده:
لا حبّذا أنت يا صنعاء من بلد، ... ولا شعوب هوى مني ولا نقم
وحبّذا حين تمسي الرّيح باردة ... وادي أشيّ وفتيان به هضم
مخدّمون كرام في مجالسهم، ... وفي الرّحال إذا صحبتهم خدم
الواسعون إذا ما جرّ غيرهم ... على العشيرة، والكافون ما جرموا
ليست عليهم إذا يغدون أردية ... إلّا جياد قسيّ النّبع واللّجم
لم ألق بعدهم قوما فأخبرهم ... إلّا يزيدهم حبّا إليّ هم
يا ليت شعري عن جنبي مكشّحة ... وحيث تبنى من الحنّاءة الأطم
عن الأشاءة هل زالت مخارمها، ... وهل تغيّر من آرامها إرم؟
يا ليت شعري! متى أغدو تعارضني ... جرداء سابحة أم سابح قدم
نحو الأميلح أو سمنان مبتكرا ... في فتية فيهم المرّار والحكم
من غير عدم ولكن من تبذّلهم ... للصّيد حين يصيح الصائد اللّحم
فيفزعون إلى جرد مسحّجة ... أفنى دوابرهنّ الركض والأكم
يرضخن صمّ الحصى في كل هاجرة ... كما تطايح عن مرضاخه العجم
وهي أكثر من هذا وإنّما ذكرت ما ذكرت منها وإن لم يكن فيها من ذكر صنعاء إلّا البيت الأوّل استحسانا لها وإيفاء بما شرط من ذكر ما يتضمن الحنين إلى الوطن ولكونها اشتملت على ذكر عدة أماكن، وقد نسب إلى ذلك خلق وأجلّهم قدرا في العلم عبد الرزاق ابن همّام بن نافع أبو بكر الحميري مولاهم الصنعاني أحد الثقات المشهورين، قال أبو القاسم: قدم الشام تاجرا وسمع بها الأوزاعي وسعيد بن عبد العزيز وسعيد بن بشير ومحمد بن راشد المكحولي وإسماعيل ابن عباس وثور بن يزيد الكلاعي وحدّث عنهم وعن معمّر بن راشد وابن جريج وعبد الله وعبيد الله ابني عمرو بن مالك بن أنس وداود بن قيس الفرّاء وأبي بكر بن عبد الله بن أبي سبرة وعبد الله بن زياد بن سمعان وإبراهيم بن محمد بن أبي يحيى وأبي معشر نجيح السندي وعبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم ومعتمر بن سليمان التيمي وأبي بكر بن عباس وسفيان الثوري وهشيم بن بشير الواسطي وسفيان بن عيينة وعبد العزيز ابن أبي زياد وغير هؤلاء، روى عنه سفيان بن عيينة، وهو من شيوخه، ومعتمر بن سليمان، وهو من شيوخه، وأبو أسامة حمّاد بن أسامة وأحمد بن حنبل ويحيى ابن معين وإسحاق بن راهويه ومحمد بن يحيى الذّهلي وعليّ بن المديني وأحمد بن منصور الرّمادي والشاذكوني وجماعة وافرة وآخرهم إسحاق بن إبراهيم الدبري، وكان مولده سنة 126، ولزم معمّرا ثمانين سنة، قال أحمد بن حنبل: أتينا عبد الرزاق قبل المائتين وهو صحيح البصر، ومن سمع منه بعد ما ذهب بصره فهو ضعيف الإسناد، وكان أحمد يقول: إذا اختلف أصحاب معمر فالحديث لعبد الرزاق، وقال أبو خيثمة زهير بن حرب: لما خرجت أنا وأحمد بن حنبل ويحيى بن معين نريد عبد الرزاق فلمّا وصلنا مكّة كتب أهل الحديث إلى صنعاء إلى عبد الرزاق:
قد أتاك حفّاظ الحديث فانظر كيف تكون أحمد ابن حنبل ويحيى بن معين وأبو خيثمة زهير بن حرب، فلمّا قدمنا صنعاء أغلق الباب عبد الرزاق ولم يفتحه لأحد إلّا لأحمد بن حنبل لديانته، فدخل فحدّثه بخمسة وعشرين حديثا ويحيى بن معين بين الناس جالس، فلمّا خرج قال يحيى لأحمد: أرني ما حلّ لك، فنظر فيها فخطّأ الشيخ في ثمانية عشر حديثا، فلمّا سمع أحمد الخطأ رجع فأراه مواضع الخطإ فأخرج عبد الرزاق الأصول فوجده كما قال يحيى ففتح الباب وقال: ادخلوا، وأخذ مفتاح بيته وسلّمه إلى أحمد ابن حنبل وقال: هذا البيت ما دخلته يد غيري منذ ثمانين سنة أسلّمه إليكم بأمانة الله على أنّكم لا تقولون ما لم أقل ولا تدخلون عليّ حديثا من حديث غيري، ثمّ أومأ إلى أحمد وقال: أنت أمين الدين عليك وعليهم، قال: فأقاموا عنده حولا، أنبأنا الحسن بن رستوا أنبأنا أبو عبد الرحمن النسائي قال: عبد الرزاق بن همّام فيه نظر لمن كتب عنه بآخره، وفي رواية أخرى: عبد الرزاق بن همام لمن
يكتب عنه من كتاب ففيه نظر ومن كتب عنه بآخره حاد عنه بأحاديث مناكير، حدّثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل قال: سألت أبي قلت عبد الرزاق كان يتشيّع ويفرط في التشيّع؟ فقال: أما أنا فلم أسمع منه في هذا شيئا ولكن كان رجلا تعجبه الأخبار، أنبأنا مخلد الشعيري قال: كنّا عند عبد الرزاق فذكر رجل معاوية فقال: لا تقذّروا مجلسنا بذكر ولد أبي سفيان! أنبأنا عليّ بن عبد الله بن المبارك الصنعاني يقول: كان زيد بن المبارك لزم عبد الرزاق فأكثر عنه ثمّ حرق كتبه ولزم محمد بن ثور فقيل له في ذلك فقال: كنّا عند عبد الرزاق فحدثنا بحديث معمر عن الزهري عن مالك بن أوس بن الحدثان الطويل، فلمّا قرأ قول عمر لعليّ والعباس: فجئت أنت تطلب ميراثــك من ابن أخيك ويطلب هذا ميراث امرأته من أبيها، قال: ألّا يقول الأنوك [1] رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم؟ قال زيد بن المبارك:
فقمت فلم أعد إليه ولا أروي عنه حديثا أبدا، أنبأنا أحمد بن زهير بن حرب قال: سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول وبلغه أن أحمد بن حنبل يتكلم في عبد الله ابن موسى بسبب التشيّع قال يحيى: والله الذي لا إله إلّا هو عالم الغيب والشهادة لقد سمعت من عبد الرزاق في هذا المعنى أكثر ممّا يقول عبد الله بن موسى لكن خاف أحمد أن تذهب رحلته، أنبأنا سلمة بن شبيب قال: سمعت عبد الرزاق يقول والله ما انشرح صدري قطّ أن أفضّل عليّا على أبي بكر وعمر، رحم الله أبا بكر ورحم عمر ورحم عثمان ورحم عليّا ومن لم يحبّهم فما هو بمسلم فإن أوثق عملي حبّي إياهم، رضوان الله تعالى عليهم أجمعين. ومات عبد الرزّاق في شوّال سنة 211، ومولده سنة 126.
وصنعاء أيضا: قرية على باب دمشق دون المزّة مقابل مسجد خاتون خربت، وهي اليوم مزرعة وبساتين، قال أبو الفضل: صنعاء قرية على باب دمشق خربت الآن، وقد نسب إليها جماعة من المحدثين، قال عبد الرحمن بن أبي حاتم في كتابه: أبو الأشعث شراحيل بن أدّة، ويقال شراحيل بن شراحيل الصنعاني، من صنعاء دمشق، ومنهم أبو المقدام الصنعاني، روى عن مجاهد وعنبسة، روى عنه الأوزاعي والهيثم بن حميد وإسماعيل بن عياش، قال الأوزاعي: ما أصيب أهل دمشق بأعظم من مصيبتهم بالمطعم بن المقدام الصنعاني وبأبي مزيد الغنوي وبأبي إبراهيم بن حدّاد العذري، فأضافه إلى أهل دمشق والحاكم أبو عبد الله نسبه إلى اليمن، وقال أبو بكر أحمد بن عليّ الحافظ الأصبهاني في كتابه الذي جمع فيه رجال مسلم بن الحجاج: حفص بن ميسرة الصنعاني صنعاء الشام كنيته أبو عمر، زيد بن أسلم وموسى بن عقبة وغيرهما، روى عنه عبد الله بن وهب وسويد بن سعيد وغيرهما، وأبو بكر الأصبهاني أخذ هذه النسبة من كتاب الكنى لأبي أحمد النيسابوري فإنّه قال: أبو عمر حفص بن ميسرة الصنعاني صنعاء الشام، وقال أبو نصر الكلاباذي في جمعه رجال كتاب أبي عبد الله البخاري:
هو من صنعاء اليمن نزل الشام، والقول عندنا قول الكلاباذي بدليل ما أخبرنا أبو عمر عبد الوهاب بن الإمام أبي عبد الله بن مندة، أنبأنا أبو تمام إجازة قال: أخبرنا أبو سعيد بن يونس بن عبد الأعلى في كتاب المصريين قال: حفص بن ميسرة الصنعاني يكنى أبا عمر من أهل صنعاء، قدم مصر وكتب عنه، وحدث عنه عبد الله بن وهب وزمعة بن عرابي ابن معاوية بن أبي عرابي وحسّان بن غالب، وخرج هكذا في الأصل.
عن مصر إلى الشام فكانت وفاته سنة 181، وقال أبو سعيد: حدثني أبي عن جدي أنبأنا ابن وهب حدثني حفص بن ميسرة قال: رأيت على باب وهب بن منبّه مكتوبا: ما شاء الله لا قوّة إلّا بالله، فدلّ جميع ذلك على أنّه كان من صنعاء اليمن، قدم مصر ثمّ خرج منها إلى الشام، وحنش بن عبد الله الصنعاني صنعاء الشام، سمع فضالة بن عبيد، روى عنه خالد ابن معدان والحلّاج أبو كبير وعامر بن يحيى المعافري، قال ابن الفرضي: عداده في المصريين وهو تابعي كبير ثقة ودخل الأندلس، قال: وهو حنش بن عبد الله بن عمرو بن حنظلة بن فهد بن قينان بن ثعلبة ابن عبد الله بن ثامر السّبائي وهو الصنعاني يكنى أبا رشيد، كان مع عليّ بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، بالكوفة وقدم مصر بعد قتل عليّ وغزا المغرب مع رويفع بن ثابت والأندلس مع موسى بن نصير، وكان فيمن ثار مع ابن الزبير على عبد الملك بن مروان فأتي به عبد الملك في وثاق فعفا عنه، حدث عنه الحارث بن يزيد وسلامان بن عامر بن يحيى وسيّار ابن عبد الرحمن وأبو مرزوق مولى نجيب وغيرهم، ومات بإفريقية في الإسلام وولده بمصر، وقيل إنّه مات بمصر، وقيل بسرقسطة وقبره بها معروف، كل ذلك عن ابن الفرضي، ويزيد بن ربيعة أبو كامل الرحبي الصنعاني صنعاء دمشق، هكذا ذكره البخاري في التاريخ العساكري، روى عن أبي أسماء الرحبي وأبي الأشعث الصنعاني وربيعة بن يزيد وذكر جماعة أخرى، قال أبو حاتم: يزيد بن ربيعة الصنعاني ليس بثقة دمشقيّ، قال جماعة من أصحاب الحديث:
ليس يعرف بدمشق كذّاب إلّا رجلين: الحكم بن عبد الله الأبلّي ويزيد بن ربيعة، قال أبو موسى الأصبهاني محمد بن عمر: كان الحاكم أبو عبد الله لا يعرف إلّا صنعاء اليمن فإنّه ذكر فيمن يجمع حديثهم من أهل البلدان، قال: ومن أهل اليمن أبو الأشعث الصنعاني والمطعم بن المقدام وراشد بن داود وحنش ابن عبد الله الصنعانيون وهؤلاء كلّهم شاميون لا يمانيون، قال أبو عبد الله الحميدي: حنش بن علي الصنعاني الذي يروي عن فضالة بن عبيد من صنعاء الشام قرية بباب دمشق، وأبو الأشعث الصنعاني منها أيضا، قاله عليّ بن المديني، قال الحميدي: ولهذا ظنّ قوم أن حنش بن عبد الله من الشام لا من صنعاء اليمن ولا أعرف حنش بن عليّ والذي يروي عن فضالة هو ابن عبد الله فهذا بيان حسن لطالب هذا العلم، وقال ابن عساكر: يحيى بن مبارك الصنعاني من صنعاء دمشق، روى عن كثير بن سليم وشريك بن عبد الله النخعي وأبي داود شبل بن عبّاد ومالك بن أنس، روى عنه إسماعيل بن عياض الأرسوفي وخطّاب بن عبد السلام الأرسوفي وعبد العظيم بن إبراهيم وإسماعيل بن موسى بن ذرّ العسقلاني نزيل أرسوف، ويزيد بن السمط أبو السمط الصنعاني الفقيه، روى عن الأوزاعي والنّعمان بن المنذر ومطعم بن المقدام وذكر جماعة وذكر بإسناده أن عالمي أهل الجند بعد الأوزاعي يزيد بن السمط ويزيد ابن يوسف، وكان ثقة زاهدا ورعا من صنعاء دمشق، ويزيد بن مرثد أبو عثمان الهمداني المدعي حي من همدان من أهل صنعاء دمشق، روى عن عبد الرحمن ابن عوف ومعاذ بن جبل وأبي الدرداء وأبي ذرّ وأبي رهم اجزاب بن أسيد السمعي وأبي صالح الخولاني، روى عنه عبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن عامر وخالد بن معدان والوضين بن عطاء، وراشد بن داود أبو المهلّب، ويقال أبو داود الرسمي الصنعاني صنعاء دمشق، روى عن أبي الأشعث شراحيل بن أدّة وأبي
عثمان شراحيل بن مرثد الصنعانيين وأبي أسماء الرحبي ونافع ويعلى بن أبي شدّاد بن أوس وغيرهم، روى عنه يحيى بن حمزة وعبد الله بن محمد الصنعاني وعبد الرحمن بن سليمان بن أبي الجون وغيرهم، وسئل عنه يحيى بن معين فقال: ليس به بأس ثقة، قال يحيى:
وصنعاء هذه قرية من قرى الشام ليست صنعاء اليمن.

ثرو

1 ثَرَا القَوْمُ, (As, S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (As, S;) and ثَرِىَ; (T, TT;) inf. n. ثَرًا; (M;) The people, or company of men, became many, much, or great in number or quantity; and increased: (As, T, S, M, K:) and in like manner, المَالُ, (As, S, M, K,) i. e., the cattle, or other property, became many, much, or great in number or quantity. (As, S, M.) b2: ثَرِىَ, (T, M, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. ثَرْىٌ [or ثَرًا?] and ثَرَآءٌ, (T, TA,) He (a man, T, K) was, or became, abundant in cattle, or other property; (T, M, K;) as also ↓ اثرى, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) and أَفْرَى: (M:) or ↓ اثرى signifies he was, or became, in a state of competence or sufficiency, in no need, or rich; syn. استغنى: (Msb:) or it signifies more than استغنى: (T:) and ثَرِيتُ بِكَ, I became, or have become, abundant [in property] by means of thee: (T, S:) and ثَرِيتُ بِفُلَانٍ I became in no need of other men by means of such a one. (T, S, M.) A poet says, (S,) namely, ElKumeyt, praising the Benoo-Umeiyeh, لَكُمْ مَسْجِدَا اللّٰهِ المَزُورَانِ وَالحَصَى

وَأَقْتَرَا ↓ لَكُمْ قِبْصُهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَثْرَى

[Ye have the two visited mosques of Mekkeh and El-Medeeneh, and ye have the number of the pebbles of such as are between him who is wealthy and him who is poor]: he means, مِنْ بَيْنِ مَنْ

أَثْرَى وَمَنْ أَقْتَرَ; i.e., مِنْ بَيْنِ مُثْرٍ وَمُقْتِرٍ. (S.) b3: ثَرِيتُ بِكَ, (T,) or بِهِ, inf. n. ثَرًا, (M,) also signifies I rejoiced (T, M) in thee, (T,) or in him, or it: (M:) and ثَرِىَ بِذٰلِكَ, aor. ـَ He rejoiced in, or by reason of, that. (ISk, S.) A2: ثَرَوْنَاهُمْ We were, or became, more than they: (AA, S, M:) or more in cattle, or other property. (K.) b2: ثَرَا القَوْمَ He (God) made the people, or company of men, to be many, or numerous; multiplied them. (AA, T, S.) 4 أَثْرَوَ see 1, in three places.

A2: لَا يُثْرِينَا العَدُوُّ The enemy will not say much respecting us. (M, TA.) ثَرًا; dual ثَرَوَانِ: see ثَرًى, in art. ثرى.

ثَرٍ: see ثَرِىٌّ. b2: أَنَا ثَرٍ بِهِ I am in no need of other men by means of him; (T, S, M;) as also ↓ ثَرِىٌّ. (M.) A2: See also art. ثرى.

ثَرْوَةٌ Many, or a great number, (S, M, K,) of men; and of cattle, or other property: (M, K:) or much, or a great quantity, or property; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ ثَرَآءٌ: (S, M, * Mgh:) and فَرْوَةٌ signifies the same as ثَرْوَةٌ; the ف being a substitute for the ث. (M.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو ثَرْوَةٍ

↓ وَذُو ثَرَآءٍ, (ISk, S,) or وَثَرْوَةٍ ↓ إِنَّهُ لَذُو ثَرَآءٍ, (T,) Verily he possesses a number [of men] and much property. (ISk, T, S.) Accord. to IAar, one says ثَوْرَةٌ مِنْ رِجَالٍ and ثَرْوَةٌ, meaning A great number of men: but only ثَرْوَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ. (TA.) b2: Also The night of the conjunction of the moon and الثُّرَيَّا [or the Pleiades]. (M, K.) ثَرْوَانُ, fem. ثَرْوَى: see ثَرِىٌّ.

ثَرَآءٌ: see ثَرْوَةٌ, in three places. b2: Also A state of competence or sufficiency; or richness. (Msb.) ثَرِىٌّ Many, or numerous; [applied to a company of men;] and so ثَرِيَّةٌ applied to spears (رِمَاحٌ): (TA:) also many, or much, cattle, or other property; (S, M, K, TA;) and so ↓ ثَرٍ. (T, TA.) b2: Also A man possessing many, or much, cattle, or other property; and so ↓ أَثْرَى; (M, K;) and ↓ مُثْرٍ: (T:) so too ↓ ثَرْوَانُ; (T, S, Mgh;) or abounding (M, K, TA) in cattle, or other property: (TA:) and [its fem.] ↓ ثَرْوَى, applied to a woman, (T, S, M, K,) likewise signifies possessing many, or much, cattle, or other property: (T, S, K:) the dim. of this last is ↓ ثُرَيَّا. (T, S, M, K.) b3: See also ثَرٍ.

A2: And see art. ثرى.

ثُرَيَّا: see ثَرِىٌّ. b2: الثُّرَيَّا [The Pleiades; the Third Mansion of the Moon: it is believed to be the most beneficial, in its influences on the weather, of all the Mansions of the Moon, on account of the period of its auroral setting, which, in central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, began on the 12th of Nov., O. S.: (see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل; and see also نَوْءٌ:) hence what is said of it in Job xxxviii. 31; and hence, as being the most excellent of all asterisms, it is called by the Arabs]

النَّجْمُ [the Asterism]: (S, K:) the former appellation is given to it because it comprises, in appearance, many stars in a small space; (M, K; *) for it is said that amid its conspicuous stars are many obscure stars; (IAth, TA;) the number altogether being said to be four and twenty, agreeably with an assertion of the Prophet: some say that it is so called because of the abundance [of the rain] of its نَوٌء [here meaning auroral setting]: (TA:) the word is thus applied only in the dim. form, which is used in this instance to denote magnification. (M, TA.) b3: [ثُرَيَّا also signifies (tropical:) A cluster of lamps, generally resting in holes in the bottom of a lantern: see an engraving in my “Modern Egyptians,” ch. vi.] The ثُرَيَّا of lamps is so called as being likened to the asterism above mentioned. (M.) أَثْرَى: see ثَرِىُّ: A2: and see also art. ثرى.

مُثْرٍ: see ثَرِىُّ: A2: and see also art. ثرى.

مُثْرَاةٌ A cause of multiplying, or rendering abundant; syn. مَكْثَرَةٌ: so in the saying, هٰذَا مَثْرَاةٌ لِلْمَالِ [This is a cause of multiplying, or rendering abundant, cattle, or other property]. (S, K.) أَنَا مَثْرِىُّ بِهِ I am rejoiced in him. (ISk, TA in art. ثرى.) A2: See also art. ثرى.

(ذَكَرَ)
فِيهِ «الرَّجُلُ يُقاتِل لِلذِّكْر، ويُقاتل ليُحْمَد» أَيْ لِيُذْكَرَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ويُوصَفَ بالشَّجاعة. والذِّكْرُ: الشَّرَفُ والفَخْر.
وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ فِي صِفَةِ الْقُرْآنِ «وَهُوَ الذِّكْرُ الْحَكِيمُ» أَيِ الشَّرَفُ الْمُحْكَمُ الْعَارِي مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ «ثُمَّ جَلَسوا عِنْدَ الْمَذْكَر حَتَّى بَدَا حاجبُ الشَّمْسِ» الْمَذْكَرُ: مَوْضِعُ الذِّكْر، كَأَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ عِنْدَ الرُّكن الْأَسْوَدِ أَوِ الْحِجر. وَقَدْ تكَرر ذكْر الذِّكْر فِي الْحَدِيثِ، ويُراد بِهِ تمجيدُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وتقديسُه، وتسبيحُه وتهليلُه، والثَّنَاءُ عَلَيْهِ بِجَمِيعِ مَحامِدِه.
(هـ) وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ «إِنَّ عَلِيًّا يَذْكُرُ فَاطِمَةَ» أَيْ يَخْطُبها. وَقِيلَ يَتَعَرَّض لِخِطْبَتِها.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ «مَا حَلَفتُ بِهَا ذَاكِراً وَلَا آثِرًا» أَيْ مَا تَكَلَّمْتُ بِهَا حَالِفًا، مِنْ قَوْلِكَ ذَكَرْتُ لفُلان حديثَ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَيْ قلتُه لَهُ. وَلَيْسَ مِنَ الذِّكْر بَعْدَ النِّسْيان.
وَفِيهِ «الْقُرْآنُ ذَكَرٌ فَذَكِّرُوهُ» أَيْ أَنَّهُ جليلٌ خَطِير فأجِلُّوه.
(س) وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ «إِذَا غَلب ماءُ الرجُل ماءَ المرأةِ أَذْكَرَا» أَيْ ولَدَا ذَكَراً، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ «إِذَا سَبَق ماءُ الرَّجل ماءَ المرأةِ أَذْكَرَتْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ» أَيْ ولَدَته ذكَرا. يُقَالُ أَذْكَرَتِ المرأةُ فَهِيَ مُذْكِرٌ إِذَا ولَدت ذكَرا، فَإِذَا صَارَ ذَلِكَ عادَتَها قِيلَ مِذْكَارٌ.