نوب: نوب: اسم المصدر نيابة (محيط المحيط). (فوك)، (دي ساسي كرست 1: 91).
نوب: ترد الكلمة، ايضا، بمعنى حل محله. (أماري 544: 8): وبقي ولده أبو العباس أحمد بأفريقية ينوب أباه إبراهيم.
ناب ومضارعها ينوب: بدل، أبدل، أقام في مقام. أصاب (الكالا).
ناب: آل واستحق، جاء في حادث عرضي، أي حصل عرضا، كان من نصيب (بوشر) (ألف ليلة 1: 122: 2): والإرث الذي نابني معكم جعل الله فيه البركة (3: 218: 2): وأخذ هو ما نابه من الميراث.
ناب: حرس، إنه مطف بالحراسة etre de grade - رجال الحرب .. (معجم الطرائف).
ناب: كلف، اشتري بمبلغ معين. (الكالا)؛ وقد قدم لنا (فوك) تعبير نابه في الشيء كذا في مادة constare، وورد في معجم (الجغرافيا): وناب عليه الأموال العظيمة، أي تطلب مبالغ كبيرة وناب عليه ألف درهم، أي أبقى عليه دفع ألف درهم في مقابل هذا العمل، وفي (دستور طليطلة): ويعطى الاجدياقن ثلث ما ينوب في إقامة الناعورة.
نوب: وكل، فوض. (بوشر).
نوبه: أعداه بالحمى. (فوك).
نوب: تصحيف أنب (باين سميث 1777): لام، عاتب، أن أنب كانت بالأصل ونب (التونيب تصحيقا للتأنيب -المصدر نفسه 1779)، ثم نوب بالإبدال، أي تغير حرف من كلمة بالتقديم أو التأخير.
مناوبة: كل بدوره، بالترتيب. (ابن بطوطة 3: 196، ألف ليلة، عدد 1: 387: 8): فنادى مناد من الإفرنج لا يكون قتالنا في هذا اليوم إلا مناوبة بأن يبرز بطل منكم إلى بطل منا.
كان يناوبني القراءة: كان يعقبني في القراءة، من وقت لآخر، أي التلاوة (انظر: مسك في امسك).
ناوب فلانا: نازعه. (المقري 2: 243: 14، انظر إضافات).
ناوب: نافس، كان خصما لفلان. (البربرية 1: 574: 10).
أناب لله، ل: فوض. (فوك).
تنوب: أصابته الحمى. (فوك).
تناوب: في (محيط المحيط: (تناوبوا على الماء تناوبا تقاسموه وعلى حصاة القسم وعلى الامر تداولوه بينهم يفعله هذا مرة وهذا مرة).
انتاب: انتابوا رباطا من جميع الأمصار، أي أن سكان المدن المجاورة كافة تناوبوا، بانتظام، حراسة هذه الحامية، في ذلك الموضع. (البكري 112: 9).
انتاب: اقصد، أفضى الى، توجه إلى (معجم الجغرافيا).
انتاب: هيأ سكناه، أو بنى بيته في موضع ما (معجم الجغرافيا).
استناب: ندب فلانا لينوب عنه، أو يقوم مقامه، أو يكون ملازما عسكريا له. (شولتنز الماسين 257: 10 و291: 12). وقد وردت الكلمة في تقويم أبي الفداء في عبارة وردت في طبعة الجزء الرابع 34: 13 وأضف لهذا [حيان 71] و [ابن جبير 69: 7] و [الحلل 14]).
استناب إلى الله: فوض امره له (حياة صلاح الدين 8): الاخلاد إلى الله تعالى والاستنابة إليه والاعتماد في كشف هذه الغمة عليه.
نوب: حمى متقطعة. (الكالا): ireermittente fierre. حمى الغب، حمى مثلثة. (الكالا) tierce ou doible- tierce ( الكالا). نوب، نوبا، نوبة: (كلمة سريانية) =لوف (نبات) .. الخ. (باين سميث 1914).
نوبا: انظر: نوب.
نوبة: على النوب، بالنوب: بالترتيب. (معجم الجغرافيا).
نوبة: استعراض القطعات، التي تستعرض بحسب الدور، أمام القائد أو في ساحة القتال؛ وكذلك نوبة الحامية العسكرية، لأنها تتبدل وفق توقيت منظم. (انظر البكري 11) (الذي عليه نوبة الاحتراس) (مملوك 2: 1: 12، معجم الطرائف) الذي نجد فيه عبارة وردت، ضمن عبارات مماثلة: كملت النوبات في النهار والليل وهي خمس نوبات في الظهر والعصر والعشاء ونصف الليل وعند الصباح. يقال: واقفون بالنوبة في الحديث عن الجنود الذين هم في واجب الحراسة. (ألف ليلة، برسل، 3: 110). وهؤلاء يطلق عليهم: أهل النوبة. (ابن بطوطة 3: 34 و 196، 197، 218). وكذلك أرباب النوبة (معجم الطرائف) وأصحاب النوبة (ألف ليلة، عدد 4: 503: 2). جاء في حكاية (باسم) أن هارون الرشيد كان عنده ثلاثون بلدراية عشر منها كانت في الخدمة الفعلية لثلاثة أيام وكان قائد فصيل الانقضاض، هذا يسمى رأس النوبة أو ريس؛ انظر: رأس نوبة الجمدارية. في (مملوك 2: 1: 14). وهي (الحامية) عند (بوشر، معجم باربيه، هلو، سفرات عديدة إلى بارباري 76، 95) (كانوا يغيرونهم سنويا) (أنظر: دان 108، تاريخ بارباري وقراصته): (جنود الحاميات، الذين كانوا منعزلين في الثغور للملكة والذين كانوا يبدلونهم كل ستة اشهر، يدعون Pubes [ في المخطوطة التي تحمل رقم 1: nubes] .
نوبة: هي اليوم، أو المدة التي يعفى بعدها الجندي من خدمته. (معجم الطرائف).
خيل النوبة: هي الخيول التي تقف، بالترتيب، وراء قصر السلطان لكي يمتطي إحداها حين تكون لديه الرغبة في ذلك؛ ويطلق عليها، أيضا، اسم فرس النوبة، دابة النوبة، أو النوبة وحدها أو نوبة هجن، أي (الجمال وحيدة السنام). (مملوك 1: 1: 165 و 2: 1: 12، ابن بطوطة 4: 237، ياقوت 3: 458، الفخري 7: 188، أماري 325: 7 و3).
نوبة: موسيقى آلات عديدة متوافقة فيما بينها، حفلة موسيقية، صفة موسيقى تفرض تبادلا وتوافقا بين طبقات نغمية مختلفة من أصوات أو آلات، هذه الكلمة تتعلق، بالأصل، بالأدوار الــموسيقية التي تعزف نوبة بنوبة وراء القداس. وفي (محيط المحيط): (والنوبة عند المغنين اسم لطائفة آلات الطرب إذا أخذت معا، وربما أطلقت على المطربين بها إذا اجتمعوا ويقال لهم النوبتجية على طريق النسبة عند الأتراك، سميت بذلك لما فيها من المناوبة في الأصوات والألحان).
نوبة: أغنية الصباح أو الفجر (تغنى تحت نافذة نائم)، aubade، حفلة موسيقى الأبواق، لحن أبواق، نغم إخراج الأيل، جوقة موسيقية، موسيقى fanfare دقوا له موسيقى وعملوا له نوبة.
نوبة: عند (همبرت 97): حفلة موسيقية concert، موسيقى بآلة هوائية.
نوبة: عند (هلو) (أورسكترا)، صوت الطبل.
نوبة: انظر (فليشر- المعجم 99 و100).
نوبة: انظر (مونج 418) وما بعده (فرقة موسيقية مكونة من الطنابير والأبواق وآلات أخرى، تسمع يوميا، في مرات كثيرة، تحت باب قصر الأمير وتعد من المعالم الرئيسة للتعبير عن مظاهر السلطنة والجاه). انظر: نوبة خاتون الميرة في (مملوك 1: 1: 139). يقال: ضربت النوبة، أي حانت ساعة منع التجول في الشارع التي هي في ل=الثلث الأول من الليل، أو بعد ساعتين منه، وفي (ابن بطوطة) (3: 404 في الهند): وذلك في ثلث الليل وقد ضربت النوبة والعادة عندهم إذا ضربت لا يخرج أحد.
نوبة: فرقة موسيقية، ففي (محيط المحيط): (وربما أطلقت النوبة على المطربين بها إذا اجتمعوا) (بوشر النوبة [الأوركسترا]) (بيرتون 2: 217) (عشر سنوات 28): (النوبة أو الفرقة الملكية تقوم بالعزف، في المدخل، في احتفال عظيم بعد ظهر كل يوم أمام باب المصلى) (130، 144 nubar 234 nuba 246، ألف ليلة 1: 95: هاتوه بالنوبة (لين): أي قودوه للحضور أمامي قبل فرقته الــموسيقية.
نوبة: قطعة موسيقية كاملة (سالفادور 23، ابن بطوطة 2: 126، المقري 2: 84، ألف ليلة 12: 45، 10، 87: 2) عمل نوبة سماع (300: 14): فغنيت نوبة مطربة (173: 4) غنت على العود نوبة كاملة.

نوب

1 نُبْتُهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَوْبٌ; and ↓ اِنْتَبْتُهُ; I came to him by turns, (TA,) b2: * اِنْنَابَهُمْ, inf. n. اِنْتِيَابٌ, He came to them time after time, (S, K.) The Hudhalee (Aboo-Sahm Usámeh, TA,) says, ??

?? (S) Slender in the belly, an object of the chase, in a part of the desert far from roster and pasture; he will not come to the water otherwise than time after time. The port is describing a wild ass. (IB.) Accord to one relation, the last word is اِئْتِيَابَا. meaning “ coming by night. ” (S,) b3: [Also, ↓ انتاب, app., He did a thing time after time; did a thing by turns. (See مُنْتَابٌ.] b4: نَابَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. نَوْبٌ, He drove camels early in the morning to the water, and was [again] at the water in the evening, going to it thus] time after time (IAar) b5: نَابَ إِلَى اللّٰه; (K;) and ↓ اناب إِلَيْهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِنَابَةٌ; (TA:) obedience He returned from disobedience to obedience to God, he returned unto God [repenting]: he repented; (S, K:) or the latter, he returned unto God; syn. رَجَعَ (Msb:) or ناب signifies he kept to obedience unto God: [this is given in the K as another and distinct signification of ناب ?? and اناب signifies as before explained or he returned to the performance of God, command; not departing from anything thereof: or be returned time after time: the In. signification, accord. to the Kesh-sháf and AHei, is he entered upon the good turn. (TA, where for الخيل read الخير.) b6: نَابَ عَنِّى, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَوْبٌ and مَنَابٌ (S, K: but the former inf. n. which is mentioned by Th, is omitted in some copies of the S) and نِيَابَةٌ (Msb: [the only inf. n. there mentioned:] but this last, though also mentioned in the L, is rejected by Th and the other early authorities as not belonging to the classical language of the Arabs: TA) He supplied my place; served for me; acted in my place or stead, or as my substitute, lieutenant, deputy, factor, or agent; (S, K, &c.: فِى كَذَا in such an affair. (Msb.) b7: نَابَ عَنْهُ [and نَابَ مَنَابَهَ] It (a thing) supplied its (another thing's) place. (TA.) b8: نَابَهُ أَمْرٌ, aor. ـُ (S.) inf. n. نَوْبٌ and نَوْبَةٌ; (K, TA;) and ↓ إِنْتَابَهُ; (S;) a thing, or an event, [generally a misfortune, or an evil accident,] befell him; betided him; happened to him. (S, K.) 3 ناوبهُ, (inf. n. مُنَاوَبَةٌ, TA,) He did [or tock] a thing with him, each taking his turn ??

عاقبه. (K.) b2: نَاوَبْتُهُ, inf. n. مَنَاوَبَةٌ i. q. ??

[q. v., here signifying I shared with him. ?? (Msb.) 4 أَنَبْتُهُ عَنْهُ. (K,) and ↓ اسْتَنَبْتُهُ, (TA.) I made him to supply his [another's] place to act in him place or stead, or as his substitute, lieutenant, deputy, factor, or agent; (K, Msb;) فِى كَذَا in such an affair. (Msb.) b2: See 1. b3: أَتَانِى

فُلَانٌ فَمَا أَنَبْتُ لَهُ Such a one came to me, and I cared not for him, or paid any regard to him. (A.) 6 تَنَاوَبْنَا الخَطْبَ, and الأَمْرَ, We performed the affair, or business, by turns; or turn after turn. (T.) هُمْ يَتَنَاوبُونَ النَّوْبَةَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ فِى المَاءِ وَغَيْرِهِ [They took turns in the case of a thing that was between them; in the case of water &c.] (S.) b2: تَنَاوَبُوا عَلَيْهِ They did it by turns; this person doing it one time: and that, another. (Msb.) b3: تَنَاوَبُوا, as also تنازلوا and تطاعموا, They (a people on a journey ate with or of the tent of, [meaning, of the food of.] this man on one occasion of alighting, and another man on another occasion of alighting; each one of them having his tarn to supply the food of one day. (ISh.) b4: تَنَاوَبَوا عَلَى المَاءِ, (K,) or تناوبوا الماءَ, (L,) They shared the water among themselves [by turns] by means of the حَصَاة القَسْمِ, (K,) or المَقْلةُ: (L;) which is a pebble that is put into a vessel: then as much water as will come the pebble is poured into the vessel: this is done by persons on a journey when they have little water; and thus they divide it into shares. (K, arts. قسم and مقل.) b5: المَنَايَا تَتَنَاوَبُنَا Deaths come to us by turns; to each of us in his turn. (TA.) 8 إِنْتَوَبَ see 1.10 إِسْتَنْوَبَ see 4.

النَّوْبٌ What is a day's and a night's journey distant from one: (S, K:) what is a night's journey distant is called القَرَبُ: originally in the case of going to water: (S:) or what is three days' journey distant: or what is two leagues (فَرْسَخَانِ) distant; or three. (TA.) Lebeed says, إِحْدَى بَنِى جَعْفَرٍ كَلِفْتُ بِهَا لَمْ تُمْسِ مِنِّى نَوْبًا وَلَا قَرَبَا [I have become enamoured of one of the descendants of Jaafar: she has not become a day's and a night's journey (or three days' journey or two eagues,) distant from me, nor a night's journey distant]. (S.) Or نوب signifies [in these words of the poet] near, so that he might visit her repeatedly; and قرب and نوب are synonymous: (IAar:) or قرب [is used by him to signify that at such a distance] he might come to her once in three days. (AA.) A2: نَوْبٌ Strength: (K:) as also ↓ نَوْبةٌ: ex. أَصْبَحْتَ لَا نَوْبَةٌ لَكَ Thou hast become without strength: and تَرَكْتُهُ لَا نَوْبٌ لَهُ I left him without strength. (TA.) b2: نَوْبٌ Nearness. (ISk, S, K.) A3: نَوْبٌ a pl. (or rather a quasi. pl. n., TA) of نَائِبٌ: (RA, K:) [but in what sense I do not find: app., as the act. part. n. of نَابَ “ it befell, &c. ”]

نُبٌ Bees: pl. of نَائِبٌ: (S, K:) from نَوْبَةٌ “ a turn that falls to a man at a certain time,” accord. to As: or so called because they feed and return to their place: (S:) and if so, the sing. is نائب: (TA:) or so called because they are of a colour inclining to black; (S, from A'Obeyd; or, as in some copies of the S, A'Obeydeh;) or as likened to the nation of negroes called النُّوبَةُ: and if so, the word has no sing. (TA.) See also لُوبٌ.

A2: النُّوبُ (S, K) and ↓ النُّوبَةُ (S) [The Nubians;] a nation of the Negroes [or rather Ethiopians]: (S, K:) or the latter is the name of their country; an extensive country south of Upper Egypt. (K, TA.) b2: ↓ نوبِىٌّ [A Nubian;] an individual of the nation above mentioned. (S.) See لُوبَةٌ. b3: ↓ أَسْوَدُ نُوبِىٌّ: see لُوبِىٌّ.

نَوْبَةٌ A turn which comes to one, or which one takes; the time at which, or during which, anything is, or is to be, done, or had, in succession; an opportunity: (S, * K, MF:) pl. نُوَبٌ, (S,) which is extr. [with respect to analogy.] (TA.) See نَوْبٌ. b2: نَوْبَةٌ and ↓ نِيَابَةٌ A coming to water, &c., one time, or turn, after a former time, or turn. This is the meaning of the words in the following phrases, mentioned [but not explained] in the S and K: جَاءَتْ نَوْبَتُكَ and جاءت نِيَابَتُكَ, Thy time, or turn, to came to water, &c., in succession, has arrived: (TA:) pl. of the former word نُوَبٌ. (S, K.) b3: نَوْبَةٌ An assembly, a company, troop, or congregated body, of men. (K.) نُوبَةٌ: see نُوبٌ and نَائِبَةٌ.

نِيَابَةٌ: see نَوْبَهٌ.

خَيْرٌ نَائِبٌ Abundant good, (K,) that comes again and again [by turns]. (A.) b2: حُمَّى نَائِبَةٌ A quotidian fever. (S.) b3: نَائِبَةٌ Guests coming time after time. (TA, from a trad.) b4: See نُوبٌ. b5: نَائِبٌ One who supplies the place of another; who acts in his place or stead, or as his substitute, lieutenant, deputy, factor, or agent: pl. نُوَّابٌ. (Msb.) b6: نَائِبَةٌ What befalls, betides, or happens, that is afflictive, distressing, difficult, or unfortunate: pl. نَوَائِبُ and نُوَبٌ; the latter of which is extr.: (TA:) or rather this latter is pl. of نُوبَةٌ, which is syn. with نائبة, (MF,) a subst. from نَابَهُ أَمْرٌ, (S,) [and therefore signifying an accident, or a casualty, &c.; and as such this pl. is not extr., but analogous:] an evil accident; a misfortune; a disaster; a calamity; an affliction: pl. نَوَائِبُ: (S:) only signifying what is evil: (Msb:) or, accord. to some, an accident, whether good or evil: ex. Lebeed says, نَوَائِبُ مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَشَرٍّ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا الخَيْرُ مَمْدُودٌ وَلَا الشَّرُّ لَازِبُ

[Accidents of a good nature, and of an evil, both of them; and neither is the good prolonged, nor the evil constant]: or what befalls, betides, or happens, to a man, of difficult, arduous, distressing, or afflictive, events, or affairs, and accidents: [a difficulty, or difficult affair] in a trad. respecting Kheyber it is said, قَسَمَهَا نُصْفَيْنِ نُصْفًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَحَاجَاتِهِ وَنُصْفًا بَيْنَ المُسْلِمِينَ [He divided it into two halves; half for his own difficulties, or difficult affairs, and wants, and half among the Muslims]. (TA.) مَنَابٌ A road to water. (K.) b2: مَنَابٌ (tropical:) i. q. مَرْجِعٌ: ex. إِلَيْهِ مَنَابِى (tropical:) [To him is my recourse]. (A.) مُنَابٌ pass. part. n. of 4, A person made to supply another's place; &c. (Msb.) b2: أَمْرُ مُنَابٌ فِيهِ An affair in which a person is made to supply another's place; in which a person is made to act in the place or stead of another person; or as another's substitute. (Msb.) See the verb.

مَنُوبٌ عَنْهُ A person whose place is supplied by another; in whose place or stead, or as whose substitute, another person acts. (Msb.) b2: أَمْرٌ مَنُوبٌ فِيهِ An affair in which a person supplies the place of another; in which a person acts in the place or stead of another, or as another's substitute. (Msb.) See the verb.

مُنِيبٌ, from اناب الى اللّٰه, Repenting, &c. (TA.) b2: مُنِيبٌ act. part. n. of 4, A person making another to supply his or another's place; &c. (Msb.) b3: See the verb. b4: مُنِيبٌ Copious rain: and good rain, of the [rain termed] رَبِيعٌ: (K:) or, accord. to En-Nadr Ibn-Shumeyl, copious rain (مَطَرٌ جَوْدٌ) is termed منيب: and you say, أَصَابَنَا رَبِيعُ صِدْقٍ منيبٌ [There fell upon us an excellent, copious rain, of such as is termed ربيع; meaning] good rain, but inferior to what is termed جود; but this is an excellent rain if followed by other rain. (TA.) مُنْتَابٌ act. part. n. of 8. b2: [Coming by turns: &c.] b3: Visiting. (RA.) b4: Doing a thing time after time: doing a thing by turns. (TA.)

عزف

1 عَزَفَ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, aor. ـِ and عَزُفَ; inf. n. عَزْفٌ and عَزِيفٌ [or عُزُوفٌ?], He turned away, or back, from the thing: (Msb:) [or] عَزَفَتْ نَفْسِى عَنْهُ, aor. ـِ (S, O, K) and عَزُفَ, (S, O,) inf. n. عُزُوفٌ (S, O, K) and عَزْفٌ, and عُزُفٌ, which is a contraction of عُزُوفٌ, (TA, the last from a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abee-'Áïdh,) My soul abstained from it, relinquished it, or forsook it, (S, O, K, TA,) after having been pleased with it; (TA;) and turned away, or back, from it; (S, O, K, TA;) namely, a thing: (S, O:) or became averse from it. (IDrd, O, K, * TA.) A2: And عَزَفَ نَفْسَهُ عَنْ كَذَا He withheld, or restrained, himself from such a thing. (TA.) A3: عَزَفَ, (S, O, Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. عَزْفٌ (S, O, Msb) and عَزِيفٌ, (Msb,) He played with, or upon, the musical instruments called مَعَازِف: (S, O, Msb:) and he sang: (S, O:) and عَزْفٌ signifies [particularly] the beating of tambourines; whence the saying in a trad., of 'Omar, مَرَّ بِعَرْفِ دُفٍّ [He passed by the beating of a tambourine], whereupon he said, “ What is this? ” and they said “ A circumcision,” and he was silent: and it signifies also any playing. (TA.) b2: And عَزَفَتِ الجِنُّ, (S,) aor. ـِ (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَزِيفٌ (S) and عَزْفٌ, (TA,) The jinn, or genii, uttered, or made, the sound termed عَزِيف, expl. below. (S, O, * K. *) b3: And عَزَفَتِ القَوْسُ, inf. n. عَزْفٌ and عَزِيفٌ, The bow [twanged, or] made a sound. (AHn, TA.) A4: عَزَفَ, aor. ـِ (IAar, O, K,) inf. n. عَزْفٌ, (TA,) He (a man, IAar, O) continued occupied in eating and drinking. (IAar, O, K.) A5: عَزَفَ said of a camel, The head of his windpipe heaved (نَزَتْ حَنْجَرَتُهُ) on the occasion of death: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) app. a dial. var. of عَسَفَ [q. v.]. (TA.) 4 اعزف He heard the عَزِيف of the sands, (IAar, O, K, TA,) and of the winds, expl. below, voce عَزِيفٌ. (TA.) 6 تعازفوا They recited, one to another, poems of the metre termed رَجَز, [which are usually chanted,] and satirized one another: or they vied, competed, or contended for superiority, one with another, in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, or excellence. (TA.) 12 اِعْزَوْزَفَ لِلشَّرِّ He prepared himself for evil, or mischief. (Lh, TA.) [Perhaps a mistranscription; for اِعْرَوْرَفَ q. v.]

عَزْفٌ: see عَزِيفٌ, in two places. b2: See also مَعَازِفُ.

A2: [Freytag explains it as meaning also A person from whom we are averse; whom we do not love: from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.]

عُزْفٌ The pigeons called طُورَانِيَّة, (O, K,) i. e. wild pigeons; (S and TA in art. طور;) which have a cooing cry. (TA in the present art.) عَزُوفٌ عَنْ أَمْرٍ Abstaining from an affair, (O, K, *) relinquishing it, or forsaking it, and turning away, or back, from it: or averse from it: (K:) [i. e.] عَزُوفٌ is syn. with ↓ عَازِفٌ, as also ↓ عَزُوفَةٌ [but in an intensive sense because of the affix ة], and ↓ عَزِيفٌ; all as epithets applied to a man. (Ham p. 675.) You say رَجُلٌ عَزُوفٌ عَنِ اللَّهْوِ A man not desirous of play, or sport. (TA.) And عَزُوفٌ عَنِ النِّسَآءِ Not desirous of women. (TA.) And عَزُوفٌ, alone, signifies One hardly, or not at all, constant in true friendship. (TA.) عَزِيفٌ [mentioned above as an inf. n.] A sounding, or an emission of sound: (Msb:) [and particularly] the low, or faint, or humming, sound of the jinn, or genii, that is heard by night in the deserts; as also ↓ عَزْفٌ [which is likewise mentioned above as an inf. n.]: (O, K:) or a sound heard in the night, like drumming: or the sound of the winds in the atmosphere, imagined by the people of the desert to be the sound of the jinn. (TA.) الرِّيَاحِ ↓ عَزْفُ means The sounds of the winds; (S, O, K;) and عَزِيفُ الرِّيَاحِ means [the same; or both mean] the confused and continued sound [or the rustling or murmuring] of the winds. (TA.) And one says also عَزِيفُ الرَّعْدِ (S, O, K) The confused and continued sound [or the rumbling] of the thunder. (S.) And عَزِيفُ الرِّمَالِ (IAar, O, K) The sound of the sands; a certain sound therein; but what it is [or what is its cause] is not known: it is said to be [the sound of] the falling of portions thereof, one upon another. (TA.) A2: See also عَزُوفٌ.

عَزُوفَةٌ: see عَزُوفٌ.

عَزَّافٌ Clouds (سَحَاب) in which is heard the عَزِيف (i. e. confused and continued sound [or rumbling], S) of thunder. (S, O, K, *) And Rain sounding, or sounding vehemently; syn. مُجَلْجِلٌ. (TA.) And Sand causing a sound [such as is termed عَزِيف (q. v.)] to be heard; as also ↓ عَازِفٌ. (TA.) عَازِفٌ: see عَزُوفٌ.

A2: Also Playing with, or upon, the musical instruments called مَعَازِف: and singing. (S, O, K.) b2: [And, applied to a jinnee, Uttering, or making, the sound termed عَزِيف: pl., masc. and fem., عَوَازِفُ.] A poet says, in relation to the sound of the jinn, وَإِنِّى لَأَجْتَابُ الفَلَاةَ وَبَيْنَهَا عَوَازِفُ جِنَّانٍ وَهَآمٌ صَوَاخِدُ [And verily I cross the waterless desert when amid it are nightly hummers of the jinn, and hooting owls]. (TA.) b3: See also عَزَّافٌ.

مِعْزَفٌ and مِعْزَفَةً: see what follows.

مَعَازِفُ Musical instruments; (S, O, K;) pulsatile instruments of music; (Mgh, Msb; *) accord. to some of the lexicologists, (O,) such as the lute and [mandoline called] طُنْبُور (O, K, TA) and the like of these (O) and the tambourine &c.: (TA:) sing. ↓ عَزْفٌ, (Lth, Az, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) as is transmitted from the Arabs; (Lth, Az, Mgh, O, Msb;) the pl. being irreg., (Msb, TA,) like مَلَامِحُ and مَشَابِهُ, pls. of لَمْحَةٌ and شَبَهٌ; (TA;) or the sing. is ↓ مِعْزَفٌ and ↓ مِعْزَفَةٌ, (K,) which are applied to a sort of musical instrument having many strings; (Lth, O;) or the former of these signifies a sort of طُنْبُور made by the people of El-Yemen, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) now called قبوس; (TA;) or the lute. (Msb, TA.)

بوق

1 بَاقَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بَوْقٌ, (TA,) He came with, or brought, or effected, evil, or mischief, and altercations. (K.) b2: بَاقَتِ الدَّاهِيَةُ The calamity, misfortune, or disaster, befell, betided, or happened. (Msb.) And بَاقَتْهُمُ الدَّهِيَةُ, (S,) or البَائِقَةُ, (JK, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S,) The calamity, misfortune, or disaster, befell them, or smote them; (S, K;) as also عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ انباقت: (JK, * K:) and عَلَيْهِمْ بَائِقَةُ شَرٍّ ↓ انباقت A calamity, &c., burst upon them; syn. اِنْفَتَقَتْ; (S, K; *) like انباجت, (S,) from which IF thinks it to be changed: (TA:) and عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّهْرُ ↓ انباق Fortune assaulted them, or assailed them, with calamity, like as the sound issues from the trumpet (البُوق): (S:) and بُقْتُهُمْ [I assaulted them, or assailed them, with a calamity, &c.]. (JK.) And in like manner, one says, بَاقَتْهُمْ بَؤُوقٌ, (S, TA,) inf. n. بَوْقٌ and بُؤُوقٌ, A vehement calamity or misfortune or disaster befell them, or smote them. (TA.) b3: Also بَاقَ, (K,) aor. as above, inf. n. بَوْقٌ, (TA,) He wronged a man; treated him wrongfully, or unjustly: or he came upon a people, or company of men, suddenly, or unawares, without their permission; as also ↓ انباق: (K:) [or,] as some say, بَاقُوا عَلَيْهِ they slew him: (TA:) and بِهِ ↓ انباق he wronged him. (K.) And بَاقَ بِكَ He (a man, JK) came up, or forth, upon thee, from a low, or depressed, place. (JK, K.) And بَاقَ بِهِ He encompassed, or surrounded, him. (JK, K.) and بَاقَ القَوْمُ عَلَيْهِ, (K,) inf. n. بَوْقٌ, (TA,) The people, or company of men, gathered themselves together against him, and slew him wrongfully: (K, * TA:) but some say that it means, as explained before, they slew him. (TA.) And بَاقَهُمْ, (Ibn-'Abbád, JK, K,) aor. as above, (JK,) inf. n. بَوْقٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, TA,) He stole from them; robbed them. (Ibn-'Abbád, JK, K.) 7 إِنْبَوَقَ see 1, in five places. مُخْرَنْبِقٌ لِيَنْبَاقَ, a prov., thus related by some, instead of لِيَنْبَاعَ, means Silent in order to bring about, or effect, a بَائِقَة, i. e., a calamity, or misfortune: (K in art. بوع, q. v.:) or, to launch forth, and manifest what is in his mind. (TA.) You say also, انباق عَلَيْنَا بِالكَلَامِ He broke forth upon us with evil speech. (JK.) And انباق بِالضَّحِكَ He broke forth with laughter. (JK.) And انباقت المَطْرَةُ The shower of rain poured forth with vehemence. (TA.) And انباق المَآءُ The water became copious, or much in quantity. (JK.) بَوْقٌ Abundance of rain; as also ↓ بُوقٌ. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

بُوقٌ [A trumpet;] a certain thing in which one blows; (IDrd, S, Mgh, K;) in which one blows as in a musical pipe: (Kr, K:) [mostly used in war, but] mentioned by a poet, cited by As, as used by the Christians: (S:) IDrd says, The Arabs used this word, but I know not its origin: Esh-Shiháb says, in the 'Ináyeh, that it is arabicized, from [the Persian] بُورِى: (TA: [but this is obviously improbable:]) pl. بُوقَاتٌ (Mgh, Msb) and بِيقَانٌ (Msb [in my copy of the Mgh, erroneously, بِيَقَاتٌ]) [and أَبْوَاقٌ, a pl. of pauc., commonly used in the present day]. نَفَخَ فِى البُوقِ [He blew the trumpet, lit., in the trumpet,] means[also] (tropical:) he spoke that in which was no profit. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) One who does not conceal a secret; (Lth, JK, K;) as also ↓ بَوْقٌ. (K.) b3: Also A certain thing in which the miller blows; (JK, K;) accord. to the copies of the K, resembling a مِنْقَاب; but this is a mistake: (TA:) it is a thing resembling a [shell of the kind called]

مِنْقَاب, the hole of which is twisted; and sometimes the miller blows in it, raising his voice; and what he means thereby is known. (Lth, TA.) A2: See also بَوْقٌ.

بَاقَةٌ A bundle of herbs, or leguminous plants. (S, K.) [And in modern Arabic, A bunch of flowers.]

بُوقَةٌ A shower, fall, or storm, of rain, (JK, S,) that has burst forth with a dash: (S, TA:) or such as is vehement; or disapproved, disliked, or deemed evil: (K:) pl. بُوَقٌ. (JK, K.) بَؤُوقٌ, or دَاهِيَةٌ بَؤُوقٌ, A vehement calamity or misfortune or disaster. (TA.) b2: And the former, applied to a man, Thievish; a great thief. (JK.) بَائِقَةٌ A calamity, misfortune, or disaster; (JK, S, Msb, K;) a vehement evil or mischief; (Msb;) a trail that befalls a people: (TA:) pl. بَوَائِقٌ. (S, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., لَا يَدْخُلُ الجَنَّةَ مَنْ لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارَهُ بَوَائِقَهُ, meaning, accord. to Katádeh, [He will not enter Paradise whose neighbour is not secure from] his wrongful, or injurious, conduct: or, accord. to Ks, his malevolent, or mischievous, dispositions, and his evil conduct. (S.) IF says, in the “ Makáyees,” that بوق is not an accredited root, and that there is not, in his opinion, any correct word belonging to it. (TA.) [But this is a strange assertion.]

زمر

1 زَمَرَ, aor. ـِ and زَمُرَ, inf. n. زَمْرٌ (S, Msb, K) and زَمِيرٌ (Msb, K) and زَمَرَانٌ; (ISd, TA;) and ↓ زمّر, inf. n. تَزْمِيرٌ; (K;) He [piped, or] played upon (lit. sang in) a reed; (K;) he blew in a مِزْمَارٌ. (S, * A, Msb. *) b2: [Hence,] زَمَرَ النَّعَامُ, (S, K,) and زَمَرَتِ الهَيْقَةُ, (A,) or النَّعَامَةُ, (TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. زِمَارٌ (S, A, K) and زُمَارٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The ostriches, (S, K,) and the she-ostrich, (A, TA,) cried, or uttered their, or her, cry. (S, A, K, TA.) [Said only of the females, or a female:] of the male ostrich one says only عَارَّ. (S, TA.) b3: and زَمَرَ بِالحَدِيثِ (tropical:) He published, or divulged, the story. (A, K.) b4: And زَمَرَ فُلَانًا بِفُلَانٍ He excited, or incited, such a one against such a one. (A, * K, TA.) A2: زَمِرَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. زَمَرٌ, (S,) He had little hair, (S, * K, * TA,) and little wool. (K, * TA.) b2: Also, [hence,] inf. n. as above, (S,) or زَمَارَةٌ and زُمُورَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He (a man, S, TA) had little مُرُوْءَة [i. e. manliness, or manly virtue]. (S, K.) b3: And زَمِرَ مَالُهُ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) His property became little, or scanty. (TA in art. قفر.) 2 زَمَّرَ see 1, first sentence.10 استزمر (tropical:) He was, or became, abject, or ignominious, or weak, and small in body, and lean; being abased or brought low. (A, TA.) [See also the part n., below.]

زَمْرٌ: see زُمْرَةٌ.

زَمِرٌ Having little hair; (S, A, K;) and having little wool: fem. with ة. (A, K.) You say صَبِىٌّ زَمِرٌ A child having little hair: and شَاةٌ زَمِرَةٌ [A sheep, or goat, having little wool or hair]: and غَنَمٌ زَوَامِرُ [Sheep, or goats, having little wool or hair]: (A, TA:) and نَاقَةٌ زَمِرَةٌ A she-camel having little fur: and نَبْتٌ زَمِٰرٌ [app. meaning A plant having few leaves]. (Ham p. 683.) And شَعَرٌ زَمِرٌ [Scanty, or thin, hair]. (A, TA.) b2: Also, [hence,] (S, K,) or زَمِرُ المُرُوْءَةِ, (A,) (tropical:) A man (A) having little مُرُوْءَة [i. e. manliness, or manly virtue]. (S, A, * K.) b3: And زَمِرُ المَالِ (assumed tropical:) A man having little, or scanty, property. (Az, TA in art. قفر.) b4: and عَطِيَّةٌ زَمِرَةٌ (tropical:) A scanty, or small, gift. (A, * TA.) A2: Also Good singing: (Th, TA:) [and] so ↓ زَمِيرٌ. (Az, O, TA.) b2: And Goodly in countenance. (K.) زَمْرَةٌ A company, or congregated body, of men; (S, K;) as also ↓ زَوْمَرٌ: (TA:) or (so in the TA, but in the K “ and ”) a party in a state of dispersion: (K:) pl. زُمَرٌ: (S, A, K:) you say, جَاؤُوا زُمَرًا They came in parties in a state of dispersion, one after another: (A:) some say that زُمْرَةٌ is from ↓ زَمْرٌ [originally an inf. n., (see 1, first sentence,) and hence] signifying “ sound,”

because a company of men is not without sound: others, that it signifies a company of few persons; from شَاةٌ زَمِرَةٌ: (MF:) but the former is the proper derivation, and is confirmed by what is said in the B. (TA.) زَمُورٌ: see the next paragraph.

زَمِيرٌ Short; (Kr, K;) applied to a man: (TA:) pl. زِمَارٌ. (Kr, K.) b2: And Beautiful; applied to a boy, or young man; (AA, Th, O, K;) as also ↓ زَوْمَرٌ (AA, O, K) and ↓ زَمُورٌ. (K.) b3: See also زَمِرٌ.

زِمَارَةٌ The act [or art] of [piping, or] playing upon the reed [or مِزْمَار]. (K.) زَمَّارٌ (As, S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ زَامِرٌ, (As, S, K,) but the latter is rare, (K,) or scarcely ever used, (S,) or it is not allowable, (Msb,) applied to a man; and ↓ زَامِرَةُ, (S, Msb, K,) but not زَمَّارَةٌ, (S, Msb,) applied to a woman; (S, Msb, K;) A [piper, or] player upon a reed; (K;) one who blows in a مِزْمَار. (S, * A, Msb. *) b2: Also زَمَّارَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) A fornicatress, or an adulteress: (Th, A'Obeyd, Az, S, K:) so in a trad., in which it is said نَهَى عَنْ كَسْبِ الزَّمَّارَةِ He prohibited the gain of the fornicatress: (Th, A'Obeyd, Az, S:) so called because she publishes her business: (Th:) some say that the correct word is here رَمَّازَة, because such a woman makes signs with her lips and her eyes and her eyebrows: Az says that he holds the former to be the right; and Abu-l- 'Abbás Ahmad says that the latter is wrong, and that the former signifies a beautiful prostitute: but Az adds that the trad. may mean as above, or he prohibited the gain of the female singer, as AHát relates on the authority of As. (TA.) زَمَّارَةٌ [fem. of زَمَّارٌ, q. v. b2: Also] i. q. مِزْمَارٌ, q. v. (K.) b3: And (tropical:) A سَاجُور [i. e. collar, or collar of iron,] (O, A, K, TA) that is put upon the neck of a dog. (TA.) b4: And metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) A جَامِعَة; (A, TA;) [i. e.] A [shackle for the neck and hands, such as is called]

غُلّ. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) A bar of iron (عَمُودٌ) between the two rings of the [shackle called] غُلّ: (M, O, K:) so termed because of its sound. (O.) b5: Also A she-ostrich. (Har p. 408.) زَامِرٌ; and its fem., with ة: see زَمَّارٌ.

زَوْمَرٌ: see زُمْرَةٌ: A2: and see also زَمِيرٌ. b2: Also Playing; or a player. (O.) مُزَمَّرٌ (assumed tropical:) Shackled [with a زَمَّارة]. (O, TA.) مِزْمَارٌ A musical reed, or pipe; (S, * A, Msb, * K, * TA;) what is called in Persian نَاىْ [now generally meaning a flute]; (marginal note in a copy of the KT;) as also ↓ زَمَّارَةٌ, (K,) [which latter, by many pronounced زُمَّارَة, and generally so pronounced in Egypt, is applied to a double reed-pipe, figured and described in my work on the Modern Egyptians,] and ↓ مَزْمُورٌ and ↓ مَزْمُورٌ, (IAth,) the latter like مَغْلُوقٌ and مَغْرُودٌ: (TA:) pl. of the first, (S, A,) and of the last two, مَزَامِيرُ. (S, * A.) It is related in a trad., that Mohammad, on hearing Aboo-Moosà El-Ash'aree reciting, said to him, لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتَ مِزْمَارًا مِنْ مَزَامِيرِ آلِ دَاوُودَ (tropical:) [Verily thou hast been gifted with a pipe like that of David himself]; likening the sweetness of his voice and melody to the sound of the مِزْمَار; (TA;) as though he had musical pipes in his throat: or مزاميرآل داوود is here the same as مَزْمُورَات دَاوُود: (A:) for, b2: مَزَامِيرُ دَاوُودَ also signifies [The Psalms of David;] what David used to sing, or chant, (يَتَغَنَّى بِهِ, in the CK يُتَغَنَّى به,) of the Psalms: (K:) and to such is likened the utmost sweetness of voice in reciting: and آل is said to be here redundant or pleonastic; meaning the person: (TA:) or (so in the TA, but in the K “ and ”) مزامير داوود signifies kinds of prayer, or supplication: it is pl. of مِزْمَارٌ and of ↓ مَزْمُورٌ or مُزْمُورٌ. (So in different copies of the K.) مَزْمُورٌ and مُزْمُورٌ: see مِزْمَارٌ, in two places.

مُسْتَزْمِرٌ (tropical:) Shrinking, and abject, or ignominious, in his own estimation. (K, TA.) [See also its verb.]

عرف:
عرف: اعترف بالجميل، أقرّ بالفضل. يقال مثلاً: اعرف لي هذه الفعلة أي اعترف لي بفضل هذه الفعلة. (بوشر، أبو الوليد ص167، معجم مسلم). ونجد هذا الفعل في معجم مسلم بمعنى دأب علي واعتاد. ففي النص الذي نقل: هم يحسدوني لأنهم يعلمون أنك ستغنيني لأنَّ ذلك قد عرفتَ بِفعْله فيمن قصدك. وإذا ما ترجم ب (لأنك تعرف فعل هذا فيمن قصدك) نجد أن الفعل يعني معناه المألوف.
عرفه: تحقق من أن الشيء الذي وجده شخص آخر هو ملكه. (معجم البلاذري).
عرفه القاضي: تأكد القاضي من هويته وشخصيته. (رولاند).
عرف لفلان فضله: اعترف له به، أقرّبه. ففي رياض النفوس (ص45 و): كان من المجتهدين في العبادة وكان سَحْنون يعرف له فَضْلَه.
عرف نفسه بأن: اعترف، أقرَّ (بوشر).
عرف: فحص الضالة التي لقيها وعثر عليها لكي يعلم إذا ما طالب بها شخص أنها ملكه حقيقة.
(معجم البلاذري).
ما اعرف فيه .. لا أتدخل فيه، لا أريد أن أشارك فيه مجاناً بلا ثمن (بوشر).
ما اعرف ثيابي إلا منك: ما أطالب بثيابي أحداً غيرك (ألف ليلة 3: 428 وفيها 3: 433) مخاطباً القاضي: ما نعرف حالنا وما لنا إلا منك. وانظر (3: 435) وما يليها، و (برسل 11: 383).
عرف بفلان: علم بوجوده. ففي رياض النفوس (ص101 ق): دخلا عليه حين كان مستغرقاً في الصلاة فلما فرغ منها وقالا له لقد انتظرنا زمناً طويلاً أجابهم: ما عرفتُ بكما وقت دخولكما ولا رأيتكما الساعة عُرِف ب: استعمار اسمه من: (معجم الادريسي).
عَرَّف (بالتشديد). عرّف أحداً ب أو مع: جعل شخصاً يعرف آخر. (بوشر، معجم بدرون).
عرَّف: سمّاه باسم. ففي المقري (1: 134): والكاتب الآخر كاتب الزمام هكذا يعرفون كاتب الجهْبذهَ. وفي معجم لين: عرَّفتُه بزيد.
عرَّف: جعله يقرّ بذنبه. ففي ابن رشد لرينان: (ص442): ومتى عُثر منهم على مُجْدٍ (مُجِدّ) في غلوائه فليعاجل بالتثقيف والتعريف. وانظر كلام اللغويين في مادة عَرَف. عَرَف بِذَنْبِه لفلان، أي أقرَّ.
عَرَّف: حمله على الاعتراف، سمع اعترافه بخطاياه. (بوشر).
عَرَّف: جعله عريفاً وهو القيّم بأمر القوم ورئيسهم (الأخبار ص109، ألماوردي ص59) عَرَّف: أهان، سبَّ، شتم، قذع، حقَر. (ألكالا، ياقوت، 2: 139).
نَعَرَّف- التعرُّف: هو علم يتعرف منه تحصيل المال. أي علم يعلم كيف يكسب المال (بوشر).
تَعَرَّف: اكتيب علماً ومعرفة، ودرس.
وتعلَّم. ففي الجريدة الآسيوية (1851، 1: 60): وبها قرأ ونشأ وتَعرَّفَ (انظر لين) وقد فهم السيد شير بونوّ هذا الفعل بمعنى آخر لأنه ترجمه (إلى الفرنسية بما معناه): اتخذ له فيها عدداً من المعارف والأصدقاء. وهذا ما يمكن الدفاع عنه وقبوله.
تَعَرَّف: فحص الشيء الذي لقيه لكي يعرف إذا ما ادعاه أحد إنه ملكه حقيقة (معجم البلاذري).
تعرَّف: وصف من أضاع شيئاً هذا الشيء لمن وجده. (معجم البلاذري).
تعَّرف بفلان: تعارف معه، وصاحبه وعاشره (معجم بدرون، ألف ليلة 4: 482). وفي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص62 و): حين دخل بغداد وتعرف بسلطانها. (أبو الوليد ص268). ويقال أيضاً: تَعرَّفَ لفلان (المقري 2: 102، 103). وفي كتاب الخطيب (99ر): فجاء في ذلك الموضع رَجُلُ حَدَّاد فقرأه لعمر (؟) كان له وتعرف له وأبو بكر يستغرب أمره فلما فرغوا من أكلهم .. الخ.
تعرَّف بالناس: عرف الأشخاص الذين يتوقف عليهم نجاحه وفوزه. (بوشر).
تعَّرف بفلان: عرفه ثانية وتحقق منه. (ألف ليلة برسل 4: 44).
تعرَّف: لا أدري كيف يجب أن أترجم عبارة ابن جبير (ص300)، وهي: في مطلع هذا الشهر يدعو بعضهم لبعض بتعُّرف بركة هذا الشهر ويمنه واستصحاب السعادة والخير فيه.
تعرَّف: وجد عرْفاً طيباً أي رائحة طيبة.
(أبو الوليد ص194).
تعارف. تعارف الزوجان: تجامعا. (محيط المحيط).
تعارف مع فلان: تعرَّف إليه. (بوشر).
تعارف تبّان وانتشر (دي سلان). وفي البكري (ص10): وعندهم غريبة وهو أن السارق إذا سرق عندهم كتبوا كتاباً يتعارفونه الخ.
تعارف: أصطلح، جعل الكلمة مصطلحاً علمياً أو فنياً. أنظر العبارات التي نقلتها في مادة حب القرع من معجم المنصوري وكذلك مادة رحى.
وفيه: شرج هو حلقة الدُبُر مستعار من شرج القربة وتعورف كالمنقول.
وفيه (مادة ورم): هذا اصطلاح الأطباء وتعارُفُهم.
اعترف: أقرَّ بالدين. (ملّر ص27).
اعترف لفلان: أقرّ بالسلطان وخضع له.
ففي حيان- بسّام (3: 66ق): فتشاوروا في ارتياد أمير من أنفسهم يعترفون له.
واعترف لفلان بالشيء: أقرّ له بمزاياه وعرفها له. ففي المقري (2: 64): اعترف له بالفضل والغناء في حفظ قواعد الدولة.
اعترف: تأمل، تروّى، فكّر ملياً، تفكرّ.
(المقري 1: 306).
عَرْف: رائحة، وتجمع على أعَراف (المقري 2: 242).
عَرْف: غُصن، فرع، فنن، وجمعها عُرُوف (هوبرت ص51). وأعراف (بوسييه) وأما عراف عند رولاند فهي خطأ.
عَرْف: يقولون في تونس يا عَرْفي كما يقولون يا سيدي (كاريت قبيل 1: 81) غير أنها أقل درجة من سيدي. وهي كما يقال: معلّم بيير، معلّم جان (بليسييه ص207). وعند دونانت (ص217) (وفي تونس يطلق الأهالي لقب عَرَّفي أي معلم وأستاذ على الأوربيين من ذوي الرتب والمكانة). غير أنها عارف. عند بورسييه.
عُرْف: مرادف عادة. يقال مثلاً في مدح أمير: خصائصه لا تدخل تحت العرف والعادة. (الثعالبي لطائف ص2، ألكالا، المقدمة 2: 56، 57).
عُرْف: قانون قائم على ما تعارف عليه الناس.
مثل عادة وهو ضد شَرْع وهو القانون المكتوب (فان دنيرج ص2، محيط المحيط). ألكالا) وفيه عرف وهذه لفظة مخففة إن لم تكن من خطأ الطباعة = عادة. (وينجفيلدا: 56) وانظر دي ساسي (بلاغة وقواعد ص438 رقم 25).
العرف الجاري: الاستعمال المألوف في القضاء (سندوفال ص30).
عُرْف: في اصطلاح النحو مُعَرَّف، يقال اسم عُرْف وهو خلاف وضد نُكْر. (الألفية ص92).
الأعراف (جمع) (المعتكف) البرزخ. وهو من اصطلاح علم اللاهوت. (بوشر، همبرت من 149). وعند همبرت أيضاً: مطهر، العراف.
غير أن هذه نفس الكلمة الأعراف.
عرف الأسد: النجوم التي تشبه 9.3 في كوكبة نجوم الأسد. (دورن ص54).
عرف الديك: اسم نبات = شَنْف الديك. (محيط المحيط مادة شنف). عرف الأفعى: لسان الأفعى: (باين سميث 1229).
عرف: اسم آلة موسيقية، هذا إذا كانت كتابة الكلمة صحيحة عند كازيري (1: 528). ولم يقل السيد سيمونيه ما يخالف هذا.
عُرَّفَي: تعسفي، مطلق، كيفي غير قضائي وحئُكم عُرُفي: حكم كيفي، وقضاء حَكمَ في نزاع (بوشر).
عِرْفان: مختصر العرفان بالله (المقدمة 1: 199) وهي المعرفة الإلهية. (المقدمة 1: 199، 3: 61، المقري 1: 569).
عرفان الجميل: امتنان، شكران، إقرار بالفضل. (بوشر).
عِرْفان: أصدقاء، وأشخاص بينهم صلة وعلاقة. (المقري 1: 357 البيت 26) وانظر: إضافات.
عَرُوف: جيد المعرفة، حسب ما يقول شارح ديوان مسلم الذي فسر عروف السُرَى بعارف بالسرى. وليس في المعاجم العربية غير عروفة.
وعروف بمعنى صبور معنى يلائم المعنى (معجم مسلم).
عَرِيف: تعني غالباً كلمة ضابط، وقائد الحملة العسكرية، والرئيس، والمفتتش، ومن وظيفته مراقبة الأشخاص الآخرين. (تاريخ البربر 2: 373) عرفاء الحشم (تاريخ البربر 1: 584).
وعريف الخصيان: رئيس الخصيان (تاريخ البربر 2: 341).
وعريف في الجيش: رئيس تحت إمرته عدد يتراوح بين الكثرة والقلة، ففي المعجم اللتيني- العربي: عريف على عشرة، وعريف على المائة، وعريف على يّدٍ أي قبيلة. (معجم البلاذري، معجم الطرائف، فون كريمر تاريخ حضارة الشرق 1: 88، حيّان ص14 ق) وانظر مادة عِرافة.
عريف: في الكزفة الرئيس العسكري للمحلة. (معجم الطرائف).
عريف الشرطة: كان في اشبيلية نائب ضابط عمله أن يوسع الطريق للملك حين يخرج من قصره ويعني بأن يحافظ الجنود على صفوفهم.
(عبد الواحد ص109).
عريف الغوغاء: قاضي الرعاع. (تاريخ البربر 1: 567، 582). عريف: استاذ، معلم، أسطه، وهو رئيس حريف يستخدم عدداً من العمال ويتولى إدارتهم.
ففي حيّان- بسّام (3: 3ق): ولحق بهم كلُّ عريف ورئيس كل صناعة معروف.
عريف: رئيس مشذبي الكرم وتقليمه. ففي كتاب الخطيب (ص57 ق): ثم قُمنْا إلى زَبَّارين يصلحون شجرة عنب فقال لعريفهم الخ.
عريف البنائين (المقري 1: 373، 380) أو عريف البُنَّاء (ابن بطوطة 3: 153) هو رئيس عمال البناء ومن يقوم بإدارتهم، استاد، أسطه، معمار، ومن يفتش العمارات ويتفقدها. ويسمونه عادة العريف فقط.
(معجم البيان، معجم الأسبانية ص57، المعجم اللاتيني- العربي، ابن صاحب الصلاة ص23 ق، كرتاس ص46). وفي المقري 2: 510): العرفاء والصناع. وفي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص9 و): ومشى من اشبيلية العريف أحمد بن باسه بجميع البَنَّائين.
عريف: شاعر منشد (كان يطوف البلاد منشداً شعره على آلة موسيقية في القرون الوسيطة).
موسيقار. (ألكالا)، وعند مارمول (تاريخ ثورة المغاربة ص7: من يرأس جماعة الموسيقيين). وكانت لفظة عريف يطلق في الأصل من غير شك على رئيس الفرقة الــموسيقية.
عريف: رئيس أهل حرفة. (ملّر آخر أيام غرناطة ص150)، ويسمى أيضاً: عريف السوق أو شيخ السوق. (ألف ليلة 1: 345، 346) لأن لكل حرفة في المشرق سوقها الخاص بها. عريف: مروّض الجياد، المشرف على اإسبل السلطان والأمير (معجم البيان، أخبار ص129) عريف: مقدم الأولاد في الصف يتولى الإشراف على مراجعة أبناء صفه لدروسهم (لين، محيط المحيط، ألف ليلة 1: 178، 212) عرفاء: انظر عن عرفاء في درجات الصوفية زيشر (7: 22).
عِرَافَة: كتيبة أو فيلق أو فرقة من الجند يتراوح عددهم قلّة أو كثرة. فهي عند البلدزوري: من عشرة إلى خمسة عشر جندياً. وفي المعجم اللاتيني- العربي: عرافة ثلاثين أي سرية فرسان مؤلفة من ثلاثين فارساً. وعرافة من مائة أي فوج مشاة. والعرافة الثانية بعد المائة أي ضعف المائة. وعرافة وعقدة ستة آلاف أي فرقة وفي القسم الأول من معجم فوك: عرافة: فرقة. وفي القسم الثاني منه: مختار، منتخب، منتقى. وهو خطأ كما يدل عليه ترتيب الكلمات.
وفي النويري (إفريقية ص36 ق) ونزل الناس فوجاً فوجاً وحبيب يعرّفه بهم قائداً قائدا وعرافة عرافة.
وعرافة السود في الأندلس في عهد عبد الرحمن الأول: الحرس الأسود (الأخبار ص109).
وقد أنشأ حفيده الحكم الأول إسطبلات الخيل يديرها مروضو الخيل ويسمى كل واحد منهم عريفاً وكل واحد منهم يشرف على عِرافة تحتوي مائة من الخيل. (الأخبار ص129).
عرافة في الكوفة: محلة نظمت عسكرياً وحربياً. (معجم الطرائف).
عَرِيفَة: (لزنجيات تونس تسع عرائف (جمع عريفة) يرأسهن، وهن يقمن بالنسبة للنساء بمثل مهمة الشيوخ بخصوص الرجال). (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 6: 352). عَرِيفة: زنجية قوية جداً أو خلاسية موكلة بجلد النساء وشنقهن، وهي بالنسبة للنساء كالجلاد بالنسبة للرجال. وتسمى التي تقوم بمعاقبة نساء حرم السلطان عريفة الحرم. انظر شارنت ص48 ورحلة الفداء (ص199)، هوست ص2240 فلوجل قسم 69 ص7، اوغسطين ص92، كوت ص138).
عَرَّافَة: ساحرة، متكهنة عند الوثنين (بوشر).
عرّافية: صنف من اللوبياء الدجو شديدة السواد (ابن العوام 2: 64) وأقرأ فيه: وهي سوداء حالكة.
عارف: ذكي، بصير، حاذق، بعيد النظر. (هلو).
عارف: عرَّاف، كاهن، زاجر الطير ضارب الرمل. (تاريخ البربر؟: 457).
عارف: أنظرها في مادة عَرْف.
عارف الجَميل: شاكر الصنيع، شاكر المعروف. ممنون. (بوشر).
عارف الشراب: هو في معجم ألكالا: Moxon ولما لم أجد هذه الكلمة في معاجمي سألت المرحوم السيد لافونت عنها في ذلك الحين فأجابني بما يلي: هو الخبير بالشراب. ففي الأماكن التي يصنع فيها النبيذ (الشراب) بكميات كبيرة مثل جرش يوجد رجال خبراء ذوي تجربة يتذوقون نبيذ الدنان والمنابذ ليعرفوا درجة التخمر التي وصل إليها وقوته الخ ويسمى هؤلاء الرجال: catador أو Mo- join de Vinos.
أَعْرَف ب: أكثر معرفة ب (الماوردي ص5).
أعْرَف: في مصطلح النحو: أكثر نعريفاً.
(المفصل ص81، 82).
تَعْريف: وصف، بيان، جردة، قائمة، لائحة. (هلو).
تعريف: تعريفة، بيان الأسعار. (بوشر، مارسيل، هلر) وانظر تعريفة فيما يلي: تعريف: تأشيرة، سمة، (ابن بطوطة 3، 406، 407).
تَعُريف: تنزيل حزم البضائع، تفريغ (ألكالا) وفيه: decargo = تخفيف.
تَعْريف: عذر، معذرة، اعتذار. (ألكالا).
تَعْريفَة: بيان الأسعار، بيان ضرائب الكمرك والمكوس (برجرن). وفي محيط المحيط: (التعريفة في اصطلاح أرباب السياسة تطلق أولا على ما يؤخذ من الرسم على الداخل والخارج من البضائع، ثانياً على الكتاب المتضمن بيان ما يؤخذ على كل صنف منها، ثالثاً على أسعار العملة المعيَّنة من الحكومة. يقال: عملة تعريفة لتتميز عن العملة الرائجة في البندر).
تَعْرِيفَة: تنزيل حزم البضائع، تفريغ (ألكالا).
تَعْرِيفَة: الخروج من المسجد الحرام للذهاب إلى عرفات. (برتون 2: 52).
تَعْرِيفيّ: نعتي، بياني (بوشر).
تعريفي: كاشف، مثبت (بوشر).
تعريفيّ: ما يسمّى به وما يلقب به، مستعمل للتسمية. (بوشر).
تعريفي: تمييزي، تحديدي، معرّف، معينّ، محدّد (بوشر).
في التعارُف: عادةً، غالباً، في الغالب، بالأكثر.
(الماوردي ص302).
معرفة: صديق، شخص يُعرف. (بوشر). وفي ألف ليلة (4: 484): أنا فراغ الملك. وانظر فليشر (ألف ليلة 12، المقدمة ص32).
معرفة: لقب يعرف به الشخص وأسم قد غلب على اسمه الأول ومثل ابن فلان، واسم الأسرة (ألكالا) وهذه الثلاثة ترادف كلمة كُنْيَة .. (انظر كنية في معجم الأسبانية ص96) ففي المقري (3: 444): ورأى في صغره فارة أنثى فقال هذه قرينة فلقب بذلك وصار هذا اللقب اغلب عليه من اسمه ومعرفته. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص22 و): يُعْرَف بابن قعنب، أوليته ذكر الأستاذ ابن الزبير في صلته وغَيْرُه أن قوماً بغرناطة يُعْرَفون بهذه المعرفة فان كان منهم فله أوَّلِية لا بأس بها. واسم نبات أو الكلمة التي تعلق عليه لمعرفته أيضاً.
يقول ابن جلجل بعد أن فسر الكلمة اليونانية كسيفوتريدوس: ولا أعرف له باللطيني معرفة.
أي لا أعرف له باللاتينية اسماً.
المعرفة: اختصار المعرفة بالله (المقدمة 3: 74) أي المعرفة التامة بالله. (المقدمة 3: 61).
المعرفة: عند الصوفية بخراسان والهند هي الدرجة الثانية في درجات التصوف، وذلك حين يدرك المتصوف أن العبادات الدينية التي تصلح للعامة لا قيمة لها عند المعارف (زيشر 16: 242).
معرفة الابن: الإقرار شرعاً ببنوة ابن الحرام (بوشر).
مُعَرَّف: ذو عُرْف وهو شعر العنق، أو ذو هُلب وهو شعر الذيل. (ألكالا).
الُمُعِرّف: الدليل على أسماء الناس. وهو حاجب مكلف بالإعلان عن أسماء الحاضرين وذكر حالاتهم لرب البيت في الاجتماعات العامة، (ابن بطوطة 2: 346، 363، 381، 3، 433، الجريدة الآسيوية 1850، 2: 61).
معروف. طاعة معروفة: درجة معينة من الطاعة، طاعة ظاهرية وليست حقيقية. (المقدمة 2: 268، تاريخ البربر 2: 9، 10).
ضريبة معروفة: ضريبة معينة ثابتة لا تتغير (تاريخ البربر 1: 609) مثل: ضريبة معلومة (تاريخ البربر 1: 614).
مَعْرُوف: حديث ضعيف يؤيده حديث آخر ضعيف. (دي سلان المقدمة 2: 482) المعروف: هو العارف وهو الله تعالى. (المقري 1: 589).
معروف، وجمعها معارف: منحة، عطيّة، إكرامية، مكافأة. جائزة زائدة على الواجب.
(معجم البيان، فوك، المقري 1: 1: 229، 2: 85، المقدمة 1: 316). وفي حيّان (ص15 و): وتعهدَّهم بالصلات وأجرى عليهم العارف عند الغزوات.
معروف: عناية، رعاية، لطف، مراعاة، تفضّل، رقة المعاملة. يقال مثلاً: عمل معي كلَّ معروف. وعمل معه معروفاً أي تفضل عليه بجميل.
صاحب معروف: ذو رعاية وفضل، مبادر إلى الخدمة، ومفضال كريم، ومسرع للجميل (بوشر).
المعروف: آداب السلوك - وعنده معروف: رجل حسن السلوك (بوشر).
معروف: بومة صمعاء صغيرة، واسمها العلمي: Stryx passerina ( شيرب) وبومة (معجم البربر) وبومة، قوقة، بوم صياح (ترايترام ص392).
معارفة: تعارف، صلة (بوشر).
مُعْتَرف: عند النصارى من اعترف بالديانة المسيحية أمام الولاة المضطهدين واحتمل العذابات بثبات محاماة عن إيمانه، وهو إذا مات تحت تلك العذابات كان شهيداً. (محيط المحيط).
مُتَعَارَف: (انظر لين): ما تقرر عرفاً بالاستعمال.
اعتيادي، مألوف. وهو مرادف معتاد ودائم (معجم الادريسي، ابن جبير ص68، المقدمة 1: 232، 2: 11، 111، 3، 62).
على المتعارف: عادةً، غالباً. (أبو الوليد ص403، المقدمة 2: 379).
المتعارف: المصطلحات الفنية والإدارية.
(المقدمة 2: 55).

عرف

1 عَرَفَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـِ (O, K,) inf. n. مَعْرِفَةٌ (S, O, K) and عِرْفَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِرِفَّانٌ (K) and عِرْفَةٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَعْرِفَةٌ is a simple subst., (Msb,) He knew it; he had cognition of it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَلِمَهُ: (K:) or he knew it (عَلِمَهُ) by means of any of the five senses; (Msb;) [and also, by mental perception:] Er-Rághib says, المَعْرِفَةُ is the perceiving a thing by reflection, and by consideration of the effect thereof [upon the mind or sense], so that it has a more special meaning than العِلْمُ, and its contr. is الإِنْكَارُ; and one says, فُلَانٌ يَعْرِفُ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُولَهُ [Such a one knows God and his apostle], but one does not say يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهَ, making the verb [thus] to have a single objective complement, since man's مَعْرِفَة [or knowledge] of God is [the result of] the consideration of his effects, without the perception of his essence; and one says, اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ كَذَا, but not يَعْرِفُ كذا, since المَعْرِفَةُ is used in relation to عِلْم [or knowledge] which is defective, to which one attains by reflection: it is from عَرَفْتُهُ meaning I found, or experienced, its عَرْف i. e. odour; or as meaning I attained its عُرْف i. e. limit: (TA:) it is said in the B that المَعْرِفَةُ differs from العِلْمُ, in meaning, in several ways: the former concerns the thing itself [which is its object;] whereas the latter concerns the states, or conditions, or qualities, thereof: also the former generally denotes the perceiving a thing as a thing that has been absent from the mind, thus differing from the latter; therefore the contr. of the former is الإِنْكَارُ, and the contr. of the latter is الجَهْلُ; and the former is the knowing a thing itself as distinguished from other things; whereas the latter concerns a thing collectively with other things: (TA in art. علم:) and sometimes they put ↓ اعترف in the place of عَرَفَ; (S, O;) [i. e.] اعترف الشَّىْءَ signifies عَرَفَهُ: (Mgh, K:) and so, sometimes, does ↓ استعرفُه. (Har p. 486.) b2: And عَرَفَ is also used in the place of اعترف [in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below]. (S, O.) See the latter verb, in four places. b3: عَرَفَهُ also signifies He requited him. (O, K.) Ks read, (O, K,) and so five others, (Az, TA,) in the Kur [lxvi. 3], (O,) عَرَفَ بَعْضَهُ, meaning He requited her, namely, Hafsah, for part [thereof, i. e.] of what she had done: (Fr, O, K:) and he did so indeed by divorcing her: (Fr, TA:) or it means he acknowledged part thereof: (K:) but others read بَعْضَهُ ↓ عَرَّفَ, which, likewise, has the former of the two meanings expl. above: (Bd:) or this means he told Hafsah part thereof. (Fr, O, Bd, * TA. [See also 2.]) As first expl. above, this phrase is like the saying to him who does good or who does evil, أَنَا أَعْرِفُ لأَهْلِ الإِحْسَانِ وَأَعْرِفُ لِأَهْلِ الإِسَآءَةِ, (O,) or لِلْمُحْسِنِ وَالمُسِىْءِ, (K,) [I know how to requite the doer of good and the doer of evil,] i. e. the case of the doer of good and that of the doer of evil are not hidden from me nor is the suitable requital of him. (O, K.) لَأَعْرِفَنَّكَهَا عَنْدَ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad., meaning I will assuredly requite thee for it in the presence of the Apostle of God so that he shall know thy evil-doing: and is used in threatening. (TA.) A2: عَرَفَ الفَرَسَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (O,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (O, K,) He clipped the عُرْف [i. e. mane] of the horse. (S, O, K.) A3: عَرَفْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, I was, or became, عَرِيف over the people, or party; i. e., manager, or orderer, of their affairs; as also عَرُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ: (Msb:) or عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَاعَةٌ, signifies he was, or became, an عَرِيف; (S, O, K;) as also عَرَفَ, aor. ـِ (K;) i. e., a نَقِيب: (S, O:) and when you mean that he acted as an عَرِيف, you say, عَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا سِنِينَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, [he acted over us as an عريف during some years,] like كَتَبَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. كِتَابَةٌ. (S, O, K. *) A4: عَرَفَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor. ـِ He was patient in relation to the affair, or event; (K;) as also ↓ اعترف, (O, K,) as some say. (O.) And عُرِفَ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ He was patient on the occasion of the affliction, or misfortune. (TA.) b2: And عَرَفَ He was, or became, submissive, or tractable; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) and so ↓ اعترف, (IAar, O, K,) said of a man, (IAar, O,) and of a beast that one rides. (O.) A5: عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَافَةٌ, He (a man) was, or became, pleasant, or sweet, in his odour. (TA.) And ↓ اعرف, said of food, It was sweet in its عَرْف, i. e. odour. (TA.) b2: عَرِفَ He (a man, TA) made much use of perfume. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And He relinquished, or abstained from, perfume. (IAar, O.) A6: عُرِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (K, TA,) accord. to one or more of the copies of the K عِرْفَانٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O) had a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S, O, K.) 2 تَعْرِيفٌ signifies The making to know; syn. إِعْلَامٌ: (S, O, K, TA:) [or rather it has a more restricted signification than the latter word, as is indicated in the preceding paragraph:] and in this sense its verb may have two objective complements: one says, عرّفهُ الأَمْرَ He made him to know the affair, or case; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ إِيَّاهُ: [or he acquainted him with it; or told him of it:] and عرّفهُ بَيْتَهُ He made him to know, or acquainted him with, the place of his house, or tent; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ بِمَكَانِهِ: (TA:) [and] one says عَرَّفْتُهُ بِهِ, meaning I made him to know it by means of any of the five senses [or by mental perception; as also عَرَّفْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ]. (Msb.) See also 1, former half. And see 4. b2: Also The making known; contr. of تَنْكِيرٌ. (O, K.) عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ, in the Kur [lxvi. 3], has been expl. as meaning He made known part thereof. (TA. [For other explanations, see 1.]) And عَرَّفْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ means I made him known by the name of Zeyd; like the phrase سَمَّيْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ. (Sb, TA.) b3: [Hence, The explaining a term: and an explanation thereof: thus used, its pl. is تَعْرِيفَاتٌ: it has a less restricted meaning than حَدٌّ, which signifies the “ defining,” and “ a definition. ” b4: And The making a noun, or a nominal proposition, determinate. b5: Hence also,] The crying a stray-beast, or a beast or some other thing that has been lost; (S, TA;) the mentioning it [and describing it] and seeking to find him who had knowledge of it. (TA.) b6: And [hence likewise,] عرّفهُ بِذَنْبِهِ He branded him, or stigmatized him, with his misdeed. (TA.) A2: Also The rendering [a thing] fragrant; (S, O, * K, * TA;) from العَرْفُ: (S:) and the adorning [it], decorating [it], or embellishing [it]. (TA.) عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ, in the Kur [xlvii. 7], is said to mean He hath rendered it fragrant [i. e. Paradise (الجَنَّة)] for them: (S, O:) or it means He hath described it to them so that, when they enter it, they shall know it by that description, or so that they shall know their places of abode therein: (O:) or He hath described it to them, and made them desirous of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and the like is said by Bd:] or He hath defined it for them so that there shall be for every one a distinct paradise. (Bd.) b2: One says also, عرّف رَأْسَهُ بِالدُّهْنِ He moistened the hair of his head abundantly with oil, or with the oil; syn. رَوَّاهُ. (TA.) b3: And عرّف طَعَامَهُ He made his food to have much seasoning, or condiment. (TA.) A3: Also The halting [of the pilgrims] at 'Arafát. (S, O, K.) You say, عرّفوا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. as above, They halted at 'Arafát; (Mgh, Msb;) or they were present at 'Arafát; (S, O.) And [hence], in a postclassical sense, They imitated the people of 'Arafát, in some other place, by going forth to the desert and there praying, and humbling themselves, or offering earnest supplication; (Mgh;) or by assembling in their mosques to pray and to beg forgiveness: (Har p. 672:) the first who did this was Ibn-'Abbás, at El-Basrah. (Mgh, and Har ubi suprá.) And عرّف بِالهَدْىِ He brought the animal for sacrifice to 'Arafát. (Mgh.) A4: عرّف الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ He excited evil, or mischief, between them, or among them: the verb in this phrase being formed by permutation from أَ َّ ثَ. (Yaakoob, TA.) 4 اعرف فُلَانًا He told such a one of his misdeed, then forgave him; and so ↓ عرّفهُ. (TA.) A2: اعرف (said of a horse, S, O) He had a long عُرْف [or mane]. (S, O, K.) A3: See also 1, near the end.5 تعرّف It was, or became, known. (Har p. 6.) b2: And تعرّف إِلَيْهِ He made himself known to him; (TA;) [and so ↓ استعرف; for] you say, أَتَيْتُ مُتَنَكِّرًا ثُمَّ اسْتَعْرَفْتُ i. e. [I came disguising myself, or assuming an unknown appearance, then] I made known who I was: (L:) and اِئْتِ فُلَانًا فَاسْتَعْرِفْ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَكَ [Come thou to such a one and make thyself known to him, that he may know thee]. (S, O, K. *) [See also 8.] b3: [Hence,] one says, تعرّف إِلَى اللّٰهِ بِالعِبَادَاتِ وَالأَدْعِيَةِ [He made himself known to God by religious services and prayers]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And تَعَرَّفْ إِلَى

اللّٰهِ فِى الرَّخَآءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِى الشِّدَّةَ, occurring in a saying of the Prophet to Ibn-'Abbás, [may be rendered Make thyself known to God by obedience in ampleness of circumstances, then He will acknowledge thee in straitness: or] means render thou obedience to God [&c., then] He will requite thee [&c.]. (O.) A2: تعرّفهُ [He acquainted himself, or made himself acquainted, with it, or him; informed himself of it; learned it; and discovered it: often used in these senses: for an instance of the last, see تَفَرَّسَ: it is similar to تَعَلَّمَهُ, but more restricted in meaning. b2: And] He sought the knowledge of it: (Har p. 6:) [or he did so leisurely, or repeatedly, and effectually:] you say, تَعَرَّفْتُ مَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ I sought leisurely, or repeatedly, after the knowledge of what such a one possessed until I knew it. (S, O, K. *) b3: And تعرّفهُ المَكَانَ, and فِى المَكَانِ, He looked at it, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge thereof, in the place; syn. تَأَمَّلَهُ بِهِ. (TA.) A3: [تَعَرُّفٌ is also expl. in the KL by the Pers\. words بعرف كارى كردن, app. meaning The acting with عُرْف i. e. goodness, &c.: but Golius has hence rendered the verb “ convenienter opus fecit. ”]6 تعارفوا They knew, or were acquainted with, one another. (S, O, K.) b2: And i. q. تَفَاخَرُوا [i. e. They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, &c.; or simply they vied, one with another]: it occurs in a trad., or, as some relate it, with ز; and both are expl. as having this meaning. (TA.) 8 اعترف بِهِ He acknowledged it, or confessed it, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) namely, a misdeed, (S, O,) or a thing; (Mgh, Msb;) and so به ↓ عَرَفَ and لَهُ, namely, his misdeed [&c.]; (K;) [for] sometimes they put عَرَفَ in the place of اعترف; (O;) and so ↓ عَرَفَهُ: (Ksh and Bd and Jel in xvi. 85:) [الإِحْسَانِ ↓ عِرْفَانُ (occurring in the K voce شُكْرٌ &c.) means The acknowledgment, or confession, of beneficence; thankfulness, or gratitude:] and one says, لأَِحَدٍ يَصْرَعُنِى ↓ مَا أَعْرِفُ (S, O, TA) i. e. ما أَعْتَرِفُ, (S, O,) meaning I do not acknowledge [any one that will throw me down]: this was said by an Arab of the desert. (TA.) b2: اعترف إِلَىَّ He acquainted me with his name and condition. (K.) And اعترف لَهُ He described himself to him in such a manner as that he would certify himself of him thereby. (TA.) [See also 5.]

b3: اعترف also signifies He described a thing that had been picked up, and a stray-beast, in such a manner as that he would be known to be its owner. (TA.) b4: And you say, اِعْتَرَفْتُ القَوْمَ, (S, O,) or فُلَانًا, (K,) I asked the people, or party, (S, O,) or such a one, (K,) respecting a subject of information, in order that I might know it. (S, O, K.) b5: See also 1, former half.

A2: And see 1, last quarter, in two places.10 استعرف [He sought, or desired, knowledge; or asked if any had knowledge; of a person or thing: a meaning clearly shown in the M by an explanation of a verse cited in art. بلو, conj. 8, q. v.]. b2: استعرف إِلَيْهِ: see 5. Also He mentioned his relationship, lineage, or genealogy, to him. (TA.) b3: استعرفهُ: see 1, former half.12 اِعْرَوْرَفَ He (a horse, TA) had a mane (عُرْف). (S, O, TA.) b2: اعرورف الفَرَسَ He (a man, O) mounted upon the mane (عُرْف) of the horse. (O, K. [In the CK, والفَرَسُ عَلا عُرْفُهُ is erroneously put for وَالفَرَسَ عَلَا عَلَى عُرْفِهِ.]) b3: And اعرورف (said of a man, K) (assumed tropical:) He rose upon the أَعْرَاف [pl. of عُرْفٌ, and app. here meaning the wall between Paradise and Hell: (see the Kur vii. 44:) probably used in this sense in a trad.]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b4: Said of the sea, (tropical:) Its waves became high, (S, O, K, TA,) like the عُرْف [or mane]: and in like manner said of the torrent, (tropical:) It became heapy and high. (TA.) b5: Said of blood, (assumed tropical:) It had froth (O, K) like the عُرْف [or mane]. (O.) b6: Said of palm-trees (نَخْل), (tropical:) They became dense, and luxuriant, or abundant, or thickly intermixed, like the عُرْف [or mane] of the hyena. (O, K, TA.) b7: And, said of a man, (tropical:) He prepared himself for evil, or mischief, (S, O, K, TA,) and raised his head, or stretched forth his neck, for that purpose. (TA.) [See also 12 in art. عزف.]

عَرْفٌ An odour, whether fragrant or fetid, (S, O, K, TA,) in most instances the former, (K, TA,) as when it is used in relation to Paradise: (TA:) and ↓ عَرْفَةٌ signifies [the same, i. e.] رِيحٌ (K, TK) and رَائِحَةٌ. (TK.) One says, ما أَطْيَبَ عَرْفَهُ [How fragrant is its odour!]. (S, O.) and لَا يَعْجِزُ مَسْكُ السَّوْءِ عَنْ عَرْفِ السَّوْءِ [The bad hide will not lack the fetid odour]; (S, O, K;) a prov.; (S, O;) applied to the low, ignoble, mean, or sordid, who will not cease from his evil doing; he being likened to the hide that is not fit for being tanned; (O, K;) wherefore it is cast aside, and becomes fetid. (O.) And some read, in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عَرْفًا, [as meaning By the winds that are sent forth with fragrance,] instead of عُرْفًا. (TA.) A2: Also A certain plant: or the ثُمَام [or panic grass]: (K:) or a certain plant, not of the [kind called] حَمْض, nor of the [kind called] عِضَاه; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L, K;) of the [kind called] ثُمَام. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L.) عُرْفٌ [Acknowledgment, or confession;] a subst. from الاِعْتِرَافُ, (S, O, K, TA,) as meaning الإِقْرَارُ. (TA.) Hence, (S, O,) you say, (K,) لَهُ عَلَىَّ أَلْفٌ عُرْفًا, meaning اِعْتِرَافًا [i. e. A thousand is due to him on my part by acknowlegment, or confession]; (S, O, * K;) the last word being a corroborative. (S, O.) b2: Also i. q. ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَارِفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عَوَارِفُ; (O, K;) عُرْفٌ being contr. of نُكْرٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ being contr. of مُنْكَرٌ [as syn. with نُكْرٌ]; (S, Mgh, O, K;) i. e. Goodness, or a good quality or action; and gentleness, or lenity; and beneficence, [favour, kindness, or bounty,] or a benefit, a benefaction, or an act of beneficence [or favour or kindness]: (Msb:) عُرْفٌ is also expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty; (K, TA;) and so ↓ عُرُفٌ, which is a dial. var. thereof: (TA:) and a thing liberally, or freely, bestowed; or given: (K:) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ is expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty, when it is with moderation, or with a right and just aim: [and sometimes it means simply moderation:] and sincere, or honest, advice or counsel or action: and good fellowship with one's family and with others of mankind: it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and signifies any action, or deed, of which the goodness is known by reason and by the law; and مُنْكَرٌ signifies the contr. thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 198], وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ, (O,) meaning [And enjoin thou goodness, &c., or] what is deemed good, or approved, of actions. (Bd.) And you say, أَوْلَاهُ عُرْفًا, (S, O,) or ↓ عَارِفَةً, (TA,) meaning ↓ مَعْرُوفًا [i. e. He did to him, or conferred upon him, a benefit, &c.]. (S, O, TA.) وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ

↓ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the Kur ii. 242] means [and for the divorced women there shall be a provision of necessaries] with moderation, or right and just aim, and beneficence. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى [in the same, ii. 265,] means Refusal with pleasing [or gracious] speech, (Bd, Jel, TA,) and prayer [expressed to the beggar, that God may sustain him,] (TA,) and forgiveness granted to the beggar for his importunity (Bd, Jel) or obtained by such refusal from God or from the beggar, (Bd,) are better than an alms which annoyance follows (TA) by reproach for a benefit conferred and for begging. (Jel.) And مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ

↓ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the same, iv. 6,] means [And such as is poor, let him take for himself (lit. eat)] according to what is approved by reason and by the law, (TA,) or according to his need (Bd) and the recompense of his labour. (Bd, Jel.) b3: [العُرْفُ, in lexicology, signifies The commonly-known, commonly-received, or common conventional, language; common parlance, or common usage: mostly meaning that of a whole people; in which case, the epithet العَامُّ is sometimes added: but often meaning that of a particular class; as, for instance, of the lawyers. Hence the terms حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.

See also مُتَعَارَفٌ: and see عَادَةٌ.]

A2: Also The عُرْف of the horse; (S, O;) [i. e. the mane;] the hair (Mgh, Msb, K) that grows on the ridge (Msb) of the neck of the horse (Mgh, Msb, K) or similar beast; (Msb;) as also ↓ عُرُفٌ: (K:) [see also مَعْرَفَةٌ:] or the part, of the neck, which is the place of growth of the hair: [see again مَعْرَفَةٌ:] and the part, of the neck [of a bird], which is the place of growth of the feathers: (TA:) [or the feathers themselves of the neck; used in this sense in the K and TA in art. برل, as is shown by the context therein:] and the [comb or] elongated piece of flesh on the upper part of the head of a cock; to which the بَظْر of a girl is likened: (Msb:) pl. أَعْرَافٌ [properly a pl. of pauc.] (O, TA) and عُرُوفٌ. (TA.) As used it in relation to a man, explaining the phrase جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُبْرَثِلًّا لِلشَّرِّ as meaning نَافِشًا عُرْفَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) Such a one came as though ruffling the feathers of his neck to do evil, or mischief]. (TA.) And [hence] it is said in a trad., جَاؤُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ عُرُفٌ (assumed tropical:) [They came as though they were a mane], meaning, following one another. (TA.) And one says, جَآء القَوْمُ عُرْفًا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The people, or party, came] one after another: like the saying, طَارَ القَطَا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The sand-grouse flew] one after another. (K.) And hence, وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا, (S, O, K,) in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], a metaphorical phrase, from the عُرْف of the horse, meaning (tropical:) [By the angels, or the winds, that are sent forth] consecutively, like [the several portions of] the عُرْف [or mane] of the horse: (S, O:) or the meaning is, sent forth بِالْمَعْرُوفِ, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. with beneficence, or benefit: (TA:) [for further explanations, see the expositions of Z and Bd or others: and see also art. رسل:] some read عَرْفًا [expl. in the next preceding paragraph]. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] (tropical:) The waves of the sea. (K, TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Elevated sand; as also ↓ عُرُفٌ and ↓ عُرْفَةٌ: pl. (of the last, TA) عُرَفٌ and (of the first, TA) أَعْرَافٌ: (S, O, K:) and all signify likewise (assumed tropical:) an elevated place: (K:) and the first, (assumed tropical:) the elevated, or overtopping, back of a portion of sand, (K, TA,) and of a mountain, and of anything high: and (assumed tropical:) an elevated portion of the earth or ground: and [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (assumed tropical:) the حَرْث [meaning land ploughed, or prepared, for sowing] that is upon the [channels for irrigation that are called] فُلْجَان [pl. of فَلَجٌ] and قَوَائِد [pl. of قَائِدٌ]. (TA.) b4: [The pl.] الأَعْرَافُ, (S, O, K,) mentioned in the Kur [vii. 44 and 46], (S, O,) is applied to (assumed tropical:) A wall between Paradise and Hell: (S, O, K:) so it is said: (S, O:) or the upper parts of the wall: or by عَلَى الأَعْرَافِ may be there meant عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلِ النَّارِ [i. e., app., and possessing knowledge of the people of Paradise and of the people of Hell: for it seems that مُحْتَوُونَ, or the like, is to be understood before على]. (Zj, TA.) [And hence it is the name of The Seventh Chapter of the Kur-án.] By

أَصْحَابُ الأَعْرَافِ [The occupants of the اعراف], there mentioned, are said to be meant persons whose good and evil works have been equal, so that they shall not have merited Paradise by the former nor Hell by the latter: or prophets: or angels. (Zj, TA.) b5: See also عُرْفَةٌ. b6: [The pl.]

أَعْرَافٌ also signifies (tropical:) The higher, or highest, (K, TA,) and first, or foremost, (TA,) of winds; (K, TA;) and likewise of clouds, and of mists. (TA.) b7: And عُرْفٌ signifies also, (As, O, K,) in the speech of the people of El-Bahreyn, (As, O,) A species [or variety] of palm-trees; (As, O, K;) and so [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (O, K) is expl. by IDrd: (O:) or when they first yield fruit, or edible fruit, or ripe fruit; (K, TA;) or when they attain to doing so: (TA:) or a [sort of] palmtree in El-Bahreyn, also called بُرْشُوم; (K, TA;) but this is what is meant by As and IDrd. (TA.) b8: And The tree of the أُتْرُجّ [i. e. citrus medica, or citron]. (K.) A3: Also pl. of عَرُوفٌ: b2: and of أَعْرَفُ and عَرْفَآءُ. (K.) عِرْفٌ, with kesr, is from the saying, مَا عَرَفَ عِرْفِى إِلَّا بِأَخَرَةٍ, (S, O,) which means He did not know me save at the last, or lastly, or latterly. (S, O, K.) A2: And it signifies Patience. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, (namely Aboo-Dahbal ElJumahee, TA,) قُلْ لِابْنِ قَيْسٍ أَخِى الرُّقَيَّاتِ مَا أَحْسَنَ العِرْفَ فِى المُصِيبَاتِ [Say thou to the son of Keys, the brother of Er-Rukeiyat, How good is patience in afflictions!]. (IAar, O, TA.) عُرُفٌ: see عُرْفٌ, in three places.

عَرْفَةٌ A question, or questioning, respecting a subject of information, in order to know it; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِرْفَةٌ. (K, TA.) A2: See also عَرْفٌ.

A3: Also A purulent pustule that comes forth in the whiteness [or palm] of the hand. (ISk, S, O, K.) عُرْفَةٌ: see عُرْفٌ, latter half. b2: Also An open, elongated, tract of land, producing plants, or herbage. (O, K.) b3: Also, (O, K,) and ↓ عُرْفٌ, (TA,) A limit (O, K, TA) between two things: (K:) [like أُرْفَةٌ:] pl. of the former عُرَفٌ. (O, K, TA.) عِرْفَةٌ [an inf. n.] I. q. مَعْرِفَةٌ. (O, K. [See 1, first sentence. In the O, it seems to be regarded as a simple subst.]) b2: See also عَرْفَةٌ.

يَوْمُ عَرَفَهَ The ninth day of [the month] ذُو الحِجَّة [when the pilgrims halt at عَرَفَات]: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) the latter word being without tenween, (S, O,) imperfectly decl., because it is of the fem. gender and a proper name, (Msb,) and not admitting the art. ال. (S, O, Msb.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

عَرَفَاتٌ The place [or mountain] where the pilgrims halt (Mgh, O, Msb, K) on the day of عَرَفَة [above mentioned], (O, K,) [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, (Msb,) or twelve miles, (K,) from Mekkeh; (Msb, K;) said by J to be a place in, or at, Minè, but incorrectly, (K, TA,) unless thereby be meant near Minè; (TA;) also called by some ↓ عَرَفَةُ; (Mgh, Msb;) but the saying نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ, (S, O, K,) or نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ, (Msb,) [We, or I, alighted at عَرَفَة,] is like a post-classical phrase, (S, O, K,) and (S, O) it is said to be (Msb) not genuine Arabic: (S, O, Msb:) عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the pl. form, and therefore is not itself pluralized: (S, O, K:) it is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion thereof: (TA:) as Fr says, it has, correctly, no sing.; (S, O;) and it is determinate as denoting a particular place; (Sb, S, O, K, TA;) and therefore not admitting the article ال; (Sb, TA;) differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons]: you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً [lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state], putting the epithet in the accus. case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ, in the Kur ii. 85]: (S, O:) it is decl. (مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ, (S, O, K,) the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن, therefore, being used as a proper name, it is left in its original state, like as is مُسْلِمُونَ when used as a proper name: (Akh, S, O, K:) [i. e.,] it is decl. in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ, the tenween being like that which corresponds to the masc. pl. termination ن, not the tenween of perfect declinability, because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender, wherefore it does not admit the article ال. (Msb.) عَرَفَاتٌ was thus named because Adam and Eve knew each other (تَعَارَفَا) there (IF, O, K, TA) after their descent from Paradise: (TA:) or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him “ Hast thou known? ” (أَعَرَفْتَ), (O, K,) and he replied “ I have known ” (عَرَفْتُ): (K:) or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were rendered fragrant (عُرِّفَ i. e. طُيِّبَ): (O, K:) or because the people know one another (يَتَعَارَفُونَ) there: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, because of men's making themselves known (نِتَعَرُّفِ العِبَادِ) there by religious services and prayers. (TA.) عُرْفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, العُرْفُ as meaning the commonly-known or commonly-received or conventional language, or common parlance, or common usage. Hence حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ and مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.]

عَرَفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, عَرَفَات. (O, K.) عِرِفَّانٌ, (O, K,) accord. to Th, A man (O) who acknowledges, or confesses, a thing, and directs to it, or indicates it; (O, K;) thus expl. as an epithet, though Sb mentions his not knowing it as an epithet; (O;) occurring in a poem of Er-Rá'ee, and expl. by some as the name of a companion of his: (O, K: *) and عُرُفَّانٌ signifies the same; (K;) but this is said by Sb to be a word transferred from the category of proper names. (O.) A2: Also the latter, (O,) or both, (K,) A small creeping thing that is found in the sands of 'Álij and of Ed-Dahnà: (O, K:) or a large [sort of locust, or the like, such as is termed] جُنْدَب, resembling the جَرَادَة, (AHn, K, TA,) having a crest (لَهُ عُرْفٌ), (AHn, TA,) not found save upon [one or the other of two species of plants, i. e.] a رِمْثَة or an عُنْظُوَانَة: (AHn, K, TA:) but AHn mentions only the latter form of the word, عُرُفَّانٌ. (TA.) عَرُوفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرِيفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] One who knows his companions: pl. عُرَفَآءُ. (O, K.) The chief, or head, (Mgh, K, TA,) of a people, or party; (K, TA;) because he knows the states, or conditions, of those over whom he acts as such; (Mgh;) or because he is known as such [so that it is from the same word in the last of the senses assigned to it in this paragraph]; (K;) or because of his acquaintance with the ordering, or management, of them: (TA:) or the نَقِيب [or intendant, superintendent, overseer, or inspector, who takes cognizance of, and is responsible for, the actions of a people], who is below the رَئِيس: (S, O, K:) or the manager and superintendent of the affairs, who acquaints himself with the circumstances, or a tribe, or of a company of men; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the orderer, or manager, of the affairs of a people, or party; as also ↓ عَارِفٌ: (Msb:) pl. as above: (S, IAth, Msb:) it is said that he is over a few persons, and the مَنْكِب is over five عُرَقَآء, then the أَمِير is over these. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. that the عُرَفَآء are in Hell, as a caution against undertaking the office of chief, or head, on account of the trial that is therein; for when one does not perform the duty thereof, he sins, and deserves punishment. (TA.) b3: [It is now used as meaning A monitor in a school, who hears the lessons of the other scholars.]

A2: See also مَعْرُوفٌ, with which it is syn. عِرَافَةٌ The holding, and the exercising, of the office of عَرِيف. (S, Mgh, * O, Msb, * K. [An inf. n.: see 1, in the middle of the latter half.]) عَرُوفَةٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرَّافٌ A كَاهِن [or diviner]: (S, O, Msb, K:) or the former is one who informs of the past, and the latter is one who informs of the past and of the future: (Msb:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, [but the converse of his explanation seems to be that which is correct,] the former is one who informs of future events, and the latter is one who informs of past events. (TA.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, that whoso comes to an عرّاف and asks him respecting a thing, prayer of forty nights will not be accepted from him. (O.) b2: and (Msb) An astrologer, (IAth, Mgh, Msb,) who lays claim to the knowledge of hidden, or invisible, things, (IAth, Mgh,) which God has made to belong exclusively to Himself: (IAth:) and this is [said to be] meant in the trad. above mentioned. (Mgh.) b3: And A physician. (S, O, K.) b4: and One who smells [for يسم I read يَشُمُّ] the ground, and thus knows the places of water, and knows in what country, or district, he is. (ISh, in TA, art. حزى.) عَارِفٌ and ↓ عَرِيفٌ are syn., (S, O, K,) like عَالِمٌ and عَلِيمٌ, (S, O,) signifying Knowing; [&c., agreeably with the explanations of the verb in the first quarter of the first paragraph of this art.;] as also ↓ عَرُوفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) but in an intensive sense, which is denoted by the ة, (S, O, TA,) meaning [knowing, &c., much, or well; or] knowing, or acquainted with, affairs, and not failing to know [or recognise] one that has been seen once; (TA;) as in the phrase, بِالأُمُوِر ↓ رَجُلٌ عَرُوفَةٌ [A man much, or well, acquainted with affairs]. (S, O.) b2: For the first, see also عَرِيفٌ. b3: It also signifies particularly [Skilled in divine things;] possessing knowledge of God, and of his kingdom, and of the way of dealing well with Him. (TA.) b4: See also مَعْرُوفٌ.

A2: Also, the first, [Patient; or] very patient, or having much patience; syn. صَبُورٌ; (AO, S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَرُوفٌ; (S, O, K;) of which latter the pl. is عُرْفٌ. (K.) One says, أُصِيبَ فُلَانٌ فَوُجِدَ عَارِفًا [Such a one was smitten, or afflicted, and was found to be patient]. (S, O.) And حَبَسْتُ نَفْسًا عَارِفَةً, meaning صَابِرَةً [i. e. I restrained a patient soul, or mind]: (O, TA:) like the phrase صَبَرْتُ عَارِفَةً in a verse of 'Antarah [cited in the first paragraph of art. صبر]. (S, * O.) And ↓ نَفْسٌ عَرُوفٌ means [A soul, or mind,] enduring; very patient; that endures an event, or a case, when made to experience it. (TA.) عَوَارِفُ [is pl. of عَارِفَةٌ, and] means Patient she-camels. (IB, TA.) عَارِفَةٌ as a subst.; pl. عَوَارِفُ: see عُرْفٌ, first quarter, in two places.

عُوَيْرِفٌ [dim. of عَارِفٌ, i. e. signifying One possessing little knowledge &c.]. One says of him in whom is a sin, or crime, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا عُوَيْرِفٌ [He is none other than one possessing little knowledge]. (TA.) أَعْرَفَ is mentioned in “ the Book ” of Sb as used in the phrase هٰذَا أَعْرَفَ مِنْ هٰذَا [meaning This is more known than this]: irregularly formed from مَعْرُوفٌ, not from عَارِفٌ. (ISd, TA.) A2: Also A thing having what is termed عُرْف [i. e. a mane, or the like]: (S, O, K:) fem. عَرْفَآءُ: pl., masc. and fem., عُرْفٌ. (K.) It is applied to a horse, (Mgh, K, TA,) meaning Having a full mane, or much hair of the mane. (Mgh, TA.) And to a serpent (O, K) such as is termed شَيْطَان [which is described as having an عُرْف]. (O.) And the fem. is applied to a she-camel, (K, TA,) meaning High in the hump: or resembling the male: or long in her عُرْف [or mane]: (TA:) or having what resembles the عُرْف by reason of her fatness: or having, upon her neck, fur like the عُرْف. (Ham p. 611.) b2: The fem. is also used as meaning The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena], because of the abundance of its hair (S, O, K, TA) of the neck, (O, K, TA,) or because of the length of its عُرْف. (TA.) b3: and one says سَنَامٌ أَعْرَفُ A long, or tall, camel's hump, having an عُرْف. (TA.) And جَبَلٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) A mountain having what resembles the عُرْف. (TA.) And قُلَّةٌ عَرْفَآءُ (tropical:) A high mountain-top. (TA.) And حَزْنٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) High rugged ground. (TA.) مَعْرَفٌ (S, O, K [in one of my copies of the S written مُعَرَّفٌ]) and مَعْرِفٌ also (Ham p. 47) sing. of مَعَارِفُ, which means The face [and faces], and any part thereof that appears; as in the saying اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَعَارِفِ [A woman beautiful in the face, or in the parts thereof that appear]; (S, O, K;) because the person is known thereby: (TA:) or, as some say, no sing. of it is known: (Har p. 146:) and some say that it signifies the beauties, or beautiful parts, of the face. (TA.) Er-Rá'ee says, مُتَلَفِّمِينَ عَلَى مَعَارِفِنَا نَثْنِى لَهُنَّ حَوَاشِىَ العَصْبِ [Muffling our faces, or the parts thereof that appeared, we fold, or folding, to them the selvages of the عَصْب (a sort of garment).] (S, O: but the latter has مُتَلَثِّمِينَ.) And one says, حَيَّا اللّٰهُ المَعَارِفَ, meaning [May God preserve] the faces. (O, K.) And قَدْ هَاجَتْ مَعَارِفُ فُلَانٍ The features of such a one, whereby he was known to me, have withered, like as the plant withers: said of a man who has turned away, from the speaker, his love, or affection. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنَ المَعَارِفِ He is of those who are known; [or of those who are acquaintances;] (O, K;) as though meaning مِنْ ذَوِى المَعَارِفِ, i. e. of those having faces [whereby they are known]: (O:) or مَعَارِفُ الرَّجُلِ meansThose who are entitled to the man's love, or affection, and with whom he has acquaintance; [and simply the acquaintances of the man;] and is pl. of ↓ مَعْرِفَةٌ. (Har p. 146.) مَعَارِفُ الأَرْضِ meansThe faces, and known parts, of the land. (TA.) مَعْرَفَةٌ The place [or part] upon which grows the عُرْف [or mane]; (S, Mgh;) the place of the عُرْف of the horse, (O, K, TA,) from the forelock to the withers: or the flesh upon which grows the عُرْف. (TA.) But the phrase الأَخْذُ مِنْ مَعْرَفَةِ الدَّابَّةِ means The cutting [or taking] of somewhat from the عُرْف of the beast. (Mgh.) مَعْرِفَةٌ a subst. [signifying Knowledge, cognition, cognizance, or acquaintance; &c.: as such having for its pl. مَعَارِفُ, meaning sorts of knowledge:] from عَرَفَهُ signifying as expl. in the beginning of this art.: (Msb:) or an inf. n. therefrom. (S, O, K.) b2: See also مَعْرَفٌ, last sentence but one. b3: [In grammar, A determinate noun; opposed to نَكِرَةٌ.]

مُعَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.

A2: ] Food rendered fragrant. (TA.) A3: And Food put part upon part [app. so that the uppermost portion resembles a mane or the like (عُرْف)]. (TA.) [Golius, as on the authority of J, and hence Freytag, assign to it a meaning belonging to مُعَرَّقٌ.]

A4: Also The place of halting [of the pilgrims] at عَرَفَات. (S, O, K.) b2: And in a trad. of I'Ab, the phrase بَعْدَ المُعَرَّفِ occurs as meaning After the halting at عَرَفَة [or rather عَرَفَات]. (TA.) مَعْرُوفٌ [Known: and particularly well, or commonly, known]. أَمْرٌ مَعْرُوفٌ and ↓ عَارِفٌ, (O, Msb, K, TA,) accord. to Lth, but the latter is disapproved by Az, having not been heard by him on any other authority than that of Lth, (O, TA,) [though there are other similar instances well known, (see أَمْرٌ, and دَافِقٌ,)] signify the same [i. e. A known affair or event &c.]; (O, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَرِيفٌ. (Msb, TA,) b2: [Hence, in grammar, The active voice; opposed to مَجْهُولٌ.]

b3: See also عُرْفٌ, former half, in seven places.

A2: أَرْضٌ مَعْرُوفَهٌ Land having a fragrant عَرْف [or odour]. (TA.) A3: رَجُلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ A man having a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S.) مُعْتَرِفٌ [part. n. of 8, q. v.]. 'Omar is related to have said, اُطْرُدُوا المُعْتَرِفِينَ, meaning [Drive ye away] those who inform against themselves [or confess or acknowledge the commission] of something for which castigation is due to them; as though he disliked their doing so, and desired that people should protect them. (TA.) مُتَعَارَفٌ [applied to language, or a phrase, or word, means Known by common conventional usage]. One says, هُوَ مُتَعَارَفٌ بَيْنَهُمْ It is known [by common conventional usage] among them. (MA. See also عُرْفٌ.])