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حكا 

[حكا] أحْكَأتُ العقدة وأحكيتها، أي شددتها، قال عَديُّ بن زيد يصف جارية: أَجْلَ أَنَّ الله قدْ فَضَّلَكُمْ * فوق من أحْكَأَ صُلْباً بِإِزارِ هذه رواية أبي زيد، ويروى: " فوق من أَحْكَى بصُلْبٍ وإزار "، أي بحَسَبٍ وعِفَّةٍ.

وُقُوع الفعل الماضي في خبر «لَعَلَّ»

وُقُوع الفعل الماضي في خبر «لَعَلَّ»

مثال: لَعَلَّه تَفَوَّقَ
الرأي: مرفوضة
السبب: لوقوع الفعل الماضي في خبر «لعَلَّ»، وهو ما يناقض معناها.

الصواب والرتبة: -لَعَلَّه تَفَوَّقَ [فصيحة]-لَعَلَّه يتفَوَّق [فصيحة]
التعليق: تفيد «لَعَلَّ» توقُّع حدوث المرجوّ، والتوقّع لا يكون إلاّ لما هو آتٍ، فيكون دخولها على المضارع فصيحًا، كما في قوله تعالى: {لَعَلِّي أَرْجِعُ إِلَى النَّاسِ} يوسف/46، وقد ورد أيضًا دخولها على الفعل الماضي في فصيح الكلام، ومنه ما جاء في حديث البخاري: «لما أتى ماعز بن مالك النبي- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال له: لعلّك قبّلت، أو غمزت، أو نظرت»، وفي حديث آخر: «لعلّ الله اطّلع على أهل بدر»، وقال الشاعر:
لعلّ الله فضلكم علينا
وقد نص ابن هشام صراحة على أنه لا يمتنع كون خبر «لعلّ» فعلاً ماضيًا مستشهدًا بالحديث الشريف، وبشعر الشعراء.

حكء

حكء


حَكَأَ(n. ac. حَكْء)
a. Tied, tightened (knot).
أَحْكَأَa. see I
إِحْتَكَأَa. Was tied, tightened.
الْحَاء وَالْكَاف والهمزة

حَكَأَ الْعقْدَة حَكْأً واحكأها: شدها. قَالَ عدي بن زيد الْعَبَّادِيّ:

أجْل أنَّ اللهَ قد فَضَّلكُم ... فَوق من أحكأ صُلْباً بإزارْ

أَرَادَ: فَوق من أحْكأَ إزاراً بصلب، أَي فَوق النَّاس أَجْمَعِينَ، لِأَن النَّاس كلهم يُحكِئون أزرهم بأصلابهم.

واحتكأت هِيَ: اشتدت.

واحتَكأَ العقد فِي عُنُقه: نشب.

واحتكأ الشَّيْء فِي صَدره: ثَبت.

والحُكَأَةُ: دُوَيْبَّة، قيل هِيَ العظاية الضخمة، تهمز وَلَا تهمز.

غشو

غشو: {غشاوة}: غطاء. {فأغشيناهم}: جعلنا لهم غشاوة. {غاشية}: مجللة. {حديث الغاشية}: القيامة.
غشو
الغَشَاوَة والغِشَاوَة: ما غَشّى القَلْبَ. وغاشِيَةُ الرَّحْل والسَّيْفِ: غِطاؤه. والحَدِيدةُ التي فَوْقَ المُؤخّرَةِ. والذين يَغْشَوْنَكَ ويَرْجُونَ فَضْلَكَ: غاشِيَةٌ. وهي القِيامَةُ أيضاً. وداءٌ في الجَوْفِ، رَمَاهُ اللَّهُ بغاشِيَةٍ. والغِشْيَانُ: إتْيَانُ الرَّجُلَ المَرْأةَ. وغُشِيَ عليه: ذَهَبَ عَقْلُه.
والغَشْوَاءُ من الشّاءِ: التي يَغْشى وَجْهَها كُلَّه بَيَاضٌ.
ويقولون: غَشَاني اللَّيْلُ: أي غَشِيَني.
باب الغين والشين غ ش و، غ ش ي، وش غ، ش غ و، ش غ ي مستعملات

غشو: الغِشاوَة: ما غَشِيَ القَلْبَ من رَيْنِ الطبع

غشي: غاشِيَةُ السَّيف والرحل غِطاؤه. والغِشْيانُ: إتيان الرجل المرأة، والفعلُ غَشِيَ يَغْشى. والرجلُ يَسْتَغْشي ثَوْبَه كي لا يسمعَ ولا يرى كقوله تعالى: وَاسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيابَهُمْ والغاشِيةُ: الذين يَغْشَوْنكَ يَرْجُونَ فضلك. والغاشية: القيامة. وشغ: الوَشْغُ: الوَتْحُ، يقال: أَوْشَغَ وأَوْتَحَ، قال رؤبة:

لس كايشاغِ القليل المُوشَغِ

يصف عطاء ليس بقليل.

شغو وشغي: الشَّغَا: اختلافُ الأسنانِ، ورجل أَشْغَى، وامرأةٌ شَغْواءُ وشَغْياءُ. والتَّشْغِيَةُ: أن يقطر البول . والشّغُوبو: رديء فارسي يكون بالبصرة .
الْغَيْن والشين وَالْوَاو

على بَصَره وَقَلبه غشو، وغشوة، وغشوة، وغشوة، وغشاوة، وغشاوة، وغاشية، وغشية، وغشاية، وغشاية، هَذِه الثَّلَاث عَن اللحياني: أَي غطاء.

وَقد غشى الله على بَصَره، واغشى.

وغشية الْأَمر، وتغشاه.

واغشيته اياه، وَغَشيتهُ. وَفِي التَّنْزِيل: (يغشى اللَّيْل النَّهَار) قَالَ اللحياني: وقريء: (يغشى اللَّيْل) قَالَ: وقرئت فِي الْأَنْفَال: (يغشيكم النعاس) و: (ويغشيكم النعاس) و: (يغشاكم النعاس) .

وَقَوله تَعَالَى: (هَل اتاك حَدِيث الغاشية) ، قيل: الغاشية: الْقِيَامَة، لِأَنَّهَا تغشى الْخلق وَقيل: الغاشية النَّار، لِأَنَّهَا تغشى وُجُوه الْكفَّار.

وغشاء كل شَيْء: مَا تغشاه، كغشاء الْقلب والسرج والرحل وَالسيف، وَنَحْوهَا.

والغشواء من الْمعز: الَّتِي يغشى وَجههَا بَيَاض.

والاغشى من الْخَيل: الَّتِي غشيت غرته وَجهه واتسعت.

والغشواء: فرس خسان بن سَلمَة، صفة غالبة.

وغشاوة الْقلب، وغاشيته: قَمِيصه.

وغاشية الرحل: الحديدة الَّتِي فَوق المؤخرة.

والغاشية: مَا البس جفن السَّيْف من الْجُلُود من اسفل شَارِب السَّيْف إِلَى أَن يبلغ نعل السَّيْف.

وَقيل: هِيَ مَا يتغشى قَوَائِم السيوف من الاسفان قَالَ جَعْفَر بن علبة الْحَارِثِيّ:

نقاسمهم اسيافنا شَرّ قسْمَة ... ففينا غواشيها وَفِيهِمْ صدورها

والغاشية: دَاء يَأْخُذ فِي الْجوف، وَكله من التغطية.

واستغشى ثِيَابه: تغطى بهَا لِئَلَّا يرى وَلَا يسمع. وَفِي التَّنْزِيل: (واستغشوا ثِيَابهمْ) و: (أَلا حِين يستغشون ثِيَابهمْ) .

الغشوة: السِّدْرَة قَالَ: غَدَوْت لغشوة فِي رَأس نيق ... ومورة نعجة مَاتَت هزالًا
غشو
: (و (} الغَشْواءُ: فَرَسٌ م) مَعْرُوفٌ لحسَّانِ بنِ سَلَمَةَ، صفَةٌ غَالِبَةٌ.
(و) الغَشْواءُ (مِن المَعْزِ: الَّتِي {يَغْشَى وَجْهَهَا بَياضٌ) .
(وَفِي الصِّحاح: عَنْزٌ} غشْواءُ بَيِّنةُ {الغَشَا.
(وفَرَسٌ} أَغْشَى كَذلكَ) ، وَهُوَ مَا ابْيَضَّ رأْسَه مِن بَيْنِ جَسَدِه مثْل الأرْخَمِ، كَمَا فِي الصِّحاح.
وَفِي المُحْكم: الَّذِي {غَشِيَتْ غُرَّتُه وجْهَه واتَّسَعَتْ.
(} والغَشْوُ: النَّبْقُ) .
(وَفِي المُحْكم: {الغَشْوَةُ السِّدْرَة؛ قالَ الشاعِرُ:
غَدَوْتُ} لغَشْوَةٍ فِي رأْسِ نِيقٍ وتقدَّمَ للمصنِّفِ قرِيباً.
( {وغَشِيَهُ بالسَّوْطِ، كرَضِيَه: ضَرَبَهُ) بِهِ.
(و) غَشِيَ (فُلاناً) يَغْشاهُ: إِذا (أَتاهُ) .
(وَفِي الصِّحاح: غَشِيَهُ غِشْياناً: جاءَهُ، وأَغْشَاهُ إيَّاه غَيْره؛ (} كغَشَاهُ {يَغْشُوهُ) ، من حَدِّ دَعَا.
(و) غَشِيَ (فُلانَةَ) يَغْشَاها: (جامَعَها) كُنِّي بِهِ عَنهُ، كَمَا كُنِّي بالإتيانِ والمَصْدَر الغِشْيَان.
(} واسْتَغْشَى ثَوْبَهُ) ، كَمَا فِي التّهذِيبِ، (و) {اسْتَغْشَى (بِهِ) ، كَمَا فِي الصِّحاح، إِذا (تَغَطَّى بِهِ) ، زادَ فِي المُحْكَم، (كَيْلاَ يَسْمَع وَلَا يَرَى) ؛) وَمِنْه قولُه تَعَالَى: {أَلا حينَ} يَسْتَغْشُون ثيابَهُم} ، الآيَة؛ قيلَ: إنَّ طائِفَةً من المُنافِقِين قَالَت: إِذا أَغْلَقْنا الأَبْوابَ وأَرْخَيْنا السُّتُورَ {واسْتَغْشَيْنا ثِيابَنا وثَنَيْنا صُدُورَنا على عَداوَةِ محمدٍ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم كيفَ يَعْلمُ بِنَا؟ فنَزَلَت هَذِه الآيَةُ.
وَقَالَ الَّراغبُ:} اسْتَغْشَوا ثِيابَهم أَي جَعَلُوها {غِشاوَةً على أَسْماعِهِم، وذلكَ عِبارَةً عنِ الامْتِناعِ مِن الإصْغاءِ؛ وقيلَ: هُوَ كِنايَةٌ عَن العَدْوِ، كقوْلِهم: شَمَّرَ ذَيْلَه وأَلْقَى ثَوْبَه.
(و) } غُشَيٌّ (كسُمَيَ: ع) ؛) عَن ابنِ سِيدَه.
وممَّا يُسْتدركُ عَلَيْهِ:
! تَغَشَّى المرْأَةَ: عَلاها وتَجَلَّلَها؛ وَهُوَ كنايَةٌ عَن الجِماعِ. {وغَشَيْته سَيْفاً أَو سَوْطًا، كقَوْلِكَ كسَوْته سَيْفاً أَو عَمّمْته سَيْفاً.
غشو and غشى 1 غَشِيَهُ, aor. ـْ inf. n. غَشَاوَةٌ, It covered, or concealed, him, or it; (TA;) as also ↓ تغشّاهُ. (MA.) And one says, غَشَانِى اللَّيْلُ, i. e. غَشِيَنِى

[The night covered me, or concealed me: or the meaning may be that which next follows]. (JK.)

b2: غَشِيَهُ, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) is said of an event (أَمْرٌ), [and of heat, (S and K in art. دغم,) and of cold, (K in that art.,) and of an affection of the mind or body, and of various things, sometimes in like manner of a man, and of a company of men,] in a similar sense; and so ↓ تغشّاهُ; (K, TA;) both signifying It came upon, [or invaded, so as to surprise, and so as to over-whelm, properly meaning] as a thing that covered, him, or it. (K, * TA.) Hence, in the Kur [liii. 16], إِذْ يَغْشَى السِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَى [When there was coming upon the lote-tree so as to cover it, or overspread it, what was so coming]. (TA.) And in the same [xx. 81], فَغَشِيَهُمْ مِنَ الْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ [and there came upon them so as to overwhelm them, of the sea, what so came upon them]. (TA.) and in the same [viii. 11], إِذْ يَغْشَاكُمُ [followed by االنُّعَاسُ, i. e. When it (drowsiness) was coming upon you, or overcoming you]; accord. to one reading; other readings being يُغْشِيكُمُ and يُغَشِّيكُمُ [followed by النُّعَاسَ]. (TA.) See also غَاشِيَةٌ, in three places.

b3: [A somewhat similar signification of غَشِيَهُ will be found below.]

b4: One says of the night, يَغْشَى بِظُلْمَتِهِ كُلَّ مَا بَيْنَ

السَّمَآءِ وَالأَرْضِ [It covers, or conceals, with its darkness, everything that is between the heaven and the earth]. (Jel in xcii. 1.) And [hence it is said that] غَشِىَ اللَّيْلُ means The night was, or became, dark; as also ↓ اغشى. (Msb, TA.)

b5: [And غَشِيَهُ, and غَشِىَ بَصَرَهُ and ↓ غشّاهُ, signify It, i. e. light (ضَوْءٌ), came upon him, and upon his eye, with an overpowering effect, so as to obscure, or dazzle, his sight.]

b6: غَشِيَهُ also signifies جَآءَهُ (S) or أَتَاهُ (Mgh, Msb, K) [which have two meanings, i. e. He came to him, and he did it; both, perhaps, here meant, for both are well-known

meanings of غَشِيَهُ]; and, thus used, the aor. is as above, (TA,) and the inf. n. is غَشَيَانٌ, (S, TA,) or غِشْيَانٌ, (so in one of my copies of the S,) or the subst. is ↓ غِشْيَانٌ, (Msb,) with kesr, (Mgh, Msb,) syn. with إِتْيَانٌ. (Mgh.) You say, غَشِىَ فُلَانًا He came to such a one; syn. أَتَاهُ; as also غَشَاهُ, aor. ـْ (K.)

b7: [Hence,] غَشِيَهَا, (S, MA, Msb, K,) inf. n. غَشَيَانٌ or غِشْيَانٌ, (accord. to different copies of the S,) or the latter and غَشْىٌ, (MA,) or ↓ غِشْيَانٌ is the subst. in this case also, (Msb,) and syn. with إِتْيَانٌ, metonymically used in the sense of جِمَاعٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) (tropical:) He compressed her; (S, MA, Msb, K;) namely, a woman; (MA, K;) as also ↓ تغشّاها. (MA, Msb, TA.)

b8: And غَشِىَ

إِلَيْهِ مَحْجَرًا He did to him (أَتَى إِلَيْهِ) a forbidden action. (TA in art. حجر.) [Hence,] ↓ غِشْيَانُ

المَحَارِمِ [The doing of forbidden things]. (Mgh and Msb and K in art. رهق.) And غَشِىَ الشَّىْءَ He occupied himself with the thing, engaged in it, or personally managed or conducted it; syn. لَابَسَهُ and بَاشَرَهُ. (JM.) [And ↓ تغشّى has a similar meaning; for it is said that] التَّغَشِّى and الغَشْىُ

primarily signify الإِتْيَانُ and المُلَابَسَةُ: and they took an extended range in using the former, so that one said, بِالعَدْلِ ↓ تَغَشَّاهُمْ or بِالْجَوْرِ [app. meaning He ruled them with equity or with injustice]. (Ham p. 27.) [And one says, يَغْشَى

الحُرُوبَ (see Ham p. 27), meaning He plunges into wars, or battles: see مُغَامِسٌ, and its verb.]


b9: One says also, غَشِيَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ, (K, in which it is said to be like رَضِيَهُ, and so accord. to some copies of the S, the phrase in these being غَشِيَتُ

الرَّجُلَ بِالسَّوْطِ,) or بِهِ ↓ غَشَّاهُ, (accord. to other copies of the S, the verb in these being written غَشَّيْتُ, and thus accord. to an explanation of قَنَّعَ

رَأْسَهُ بِالسَّوْطِ in art. قنع in the K,) He struck him (i. e. a man, S) with the whip; he flogged him. (S, K.)

A2: غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. غَشْىٌ, (S, Mgh, * K,) or غُشْىٌ, (MA,) or both, (Msb,) and غَشَيَانٌ, (K, TA, and so in some copies of the S,) or غِشْيَانٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) and ↓ غَشْيَةٌ, (S, Mgh,) or this last is an inf. n. of un., (Msb,) or it is the subst., (K,) He swooned, i. e. became senseless: (MA, PS:) or i. q. أُغْمِىَ عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]: (K, TA:) or الغَشْىُ, or الغُشْىُ, is a state of inertness (تَعَطُّل, Mgh, Msb) of the motive and sensitive faculties, (Mgh,) or of the motive faculties and of the sensitive will, (Msb,) on account of the weakness of the heart, (Mgh, Msb,) and the soul's becoming drawn together thereto by a cause that suppresses it (يُخْفِيهِ)

within so that it finds not a place of passage, and of the causes thereof is a strangling [or stifling], or hurtful, cold repletion, or vehement hunger, (Mgh,) or vehement pain, (Mgh, Msb,) or cold, or excessive hunger, (Msb,) or an evil affection in some associate, or participating, organ, such as the heart and the stomach: (Mgh:) some say that it is the same as الإِغْمَآءُ [for which see its proper art.]; (Mgh, Msb;) thus say the scholastic theologians: (Mgh:) others (the physicians and the lawyers, Mgh) make a difference between these two terms. (Mgh, Msb.)

2 غَشَّيْتُ الشَىْءَ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. تَغْشِيَةٌ, (S,) I covered the thing; put a cover, or covering, upon it, or over it. (S, Msb.) One says, غَشَّى

اللّٰهُ عَلَى بَصَرِهِ, inf. n. as above; and ↓ اغشى; (K, TA;) i. e. God put a covering upon, or over, his eyes. (TA.) And hence, (TA,) it is said in the Kur [xxxvi. 8], فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ ↓ فَأَغْشَيْنَاهُمْ and we have put a covering over them [so that they shall not see]. (S, TA.)

b2: [See a usage of the inf. n. voce شِينٌ.]

b3: غشّاهُ said of light; see 1, former half.

b4: See also 4.

b5: غشّاهُ بِالسَّوْطِ: see 1, latter half.

b6: One says also, غَشَّيْتُهُ سَيْفًا, or سَوْطًا, [in my original غشيته, without any syll.

sign, but app. as I have written, for I do not find any instance of غَشِىَ as doubly trans., meaning I equipped him with a sword, or a whip,] like the saying كَسَوْتُهُ سَيْفًا, or عَمَّمْتُهُ. (TA.)

4 اغشاهُ إِيَّاهُ and ↓ غشّاهُ He made it to cover it; or to be a cover, or covering, upon it, or over it. (MA, * TK, and Bd * and Jel * in vii. 52, &c.)

b2: And [hence,] both signify He made it, i. e. an event (أَمْر), to come upon, [or invade, so as to surprise, or so as to overwhelm, properly meaning] as a thing that covered, him, or it. (K, * TA,) Both of these verbs are used in this sense in the Kur-án accord. to different readings in vii. 52 and xiii. 3, and likewise (as mentioned in the first paragraph of this art., q. v.,) in viii. 11. (TA.)

b3: Also, the former, He made him, or it, to come to him. (S, MA, TA.)

b4: See also 2, in two places.

b5: [Hence,] اغشى اللَّيْلُ: see 1, former half.

5 تَ1َ2َّ3َ see 10:

b2: and see also 1, first and third sentences:

b3: and again, near the middle, in three places.

10 استغشى ثَوْبَهُ, (T, K, [agreeably with phrases in the Kur xi. 6 and lxxi. 6,]) and (K)

بِثَوْبِهِ, (S, K,) and بِهِ ↓ تغشّى, (S,) [see an ex. of the latter verb in a verse of El-Khansà cited in the first paragraph of art. رعى, where it is trans.

without a preposition,] He covered himself with his garment (S, K) in order that he might not see nor hear: (K: [in the CK, يُسْمَعَ and يُرَى are put for يَسْمَعَ and يَرَى:]) accord. to Er-Rághib, اِسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ means they put their garments as a covering over their ears; and is a phrase denoting the refusing to hearken; or, as some say, an allusion to running, like the phrase شَمَّرَ ذَيْلًا, and أَلْقَى ثَوْبَهُ. (TA.)

غَشًا The whiteness of the head [or face], of a horse and of other animals, denoted by the epithet أَغْشَى [q. v.]. (S.)

غَشْوٌ The نَبِق [generally meaning the fruit of the lote-tree called سِدْر; but sometimes the tree thus called itself]: (K:) accord to the M, [the n. un.] غَشْوَةٌ signifies a سِدْرَة. (TA.)

غَشْوَةٌ and غِشْوَةٌ and غُشْوَةٌ: see غِشَاوَةٌ.

غَشْيَةٌ an inf. n. of the verb in the phrase غُشِىَ

عَلَيْهِ, (S, Mgh,) or the subst, thereof, (K,) or the inf. n. un. thereof [signifying A swoon]. (Msb.)

See 1, last sentence.

b2: غَشْيَةُ المَوْتِ is The clouding (lit. covering) of the understanding that befalls a man on the occasion of death. (TA.)

b3: and غَشْيَةُ حُمَّى signifies A touch, or slight attack, of fever. (TA.)

غُشْيَةٌ: see غِشَاوَةٌ.

غِشْيَانٌ: see 1, near the middle, in three places.

غِشَآءٌ A cover, or covering; syn. غِطَآءٌ: (S, Msb:) or it differs from the غِطَآء in being of clothing or the like: (TA in art. غطو) and غِشَاوَةٌ [q. v.] signifies the same: (Msb;) [the pl. of the former is أَغْشِيَةٌ and أَغْشَآءٌ; the former regular; and the latter, (which occurs in this art. in the TA in an explanation of غَوَاشٍ, pl. of غَاشِيَةٌ.) like آدَامٌ as pl. of إِدَامٌ.] The غِشَآء of the heart is The cover, or covering, thereof; (K, TA;) the قَمِيص thereof, likewise mentioned in the K as being called the ↓ غَاشِيَة; a covering of skin, (i. e. the pericardium,] the removal of which therefrom causes death; and also called the ↓ غِشَاوَة, this being expl. as meaning the skin of the heart: (TA:) and so of the horse's saddle; (K, TA;) which is a covering of skin or other material: (TA:) [see also غَاشِيَةٌ:] and so of the sword; (K, TA.) which is its غِلَاف

[a term applied to its scabbard, and also to a case, or covering, enclosing the scabbard, or enclosing the scabbard with its appertenances] (TA;) and so of other things. (K.)

غِشَاوَةٌ (S, ISd, K) and غَشَاوَةٌ and غُشَاوَةٌ (ISd, K) and ↓ غَشْوَةٌ and غِشْوَةٌ and غُشْوَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ غَاشِيَةٌ and ↓ غُشْيَةٌ and ↓ غُشَايَةٌ and غِشَايَةٌ (K)

signify A covering upon the eyes (S, K) and upon the heart: (K:) you say, عَلَى بَصَرِهِ غِشَاوَةٌ &c.

[Upon his eyes is a covering, or film, app. used

only in a tropical sense], (S, K,) and عَلَى قَلْبِهِ

[upon his heart], (K:) thus the first of these words signifies. in relation to the eyes, in the Kur [ii. 6 and] xlv. 22, in relation to the heart, Az says that it is a [sort of] covering of rust (مِنْ

طَبَعٍ [also termed رَيْن]). (TA.) See also غِشَآءٌ, in two places.

غُشَايَةٌ and غِشَايَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

غَاشِيَةٌ: see غِشَآءٌ and غَوَاشٍ .غِشَاوَةٌ is its pl. (TA:) occurring in the Kur vii. 39, meaning أَغْمَآءٌ, (K, TA,) i. e. أَغْشَآءٌ [or Coverings, a pl. of غِشَآءٌ]. (TA.)

b2: It is also [The covering, like غِشَآءٌ, q. v.], of the horse's saddle. (S.)

b3: and (S,) of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل, (K,) it is The iron that is above the مُؤَخَّرَة or [hinder part], (S, K, TA,) also called the دَامِغَة [q. v.]. (Az TA.)

b4: Also The skin with which the جَفْن [or scabbard] of a sword is covered, from the lower part of its شَارِب [q. v.] to its نَعْل [or shoe of iron, or silver, at the lower end of the scabbard]: or the covering that is put upon the hilt, consisting of [the skins called] أَسْفَان [pl. of سَفَنٌ, q. v.]: (K.

[for أَسْفَان, which is the reading in the M, some copies of the K have أَسْفَار:]) or the first part, of the sword, of what is next to thee [when holding the hilt]: and sometimes it signifies its غِمْد

[or scabbard], also. (Ham p. 22.)

b5: الغَاشِيَةُ (in the Kur lxxxviii. I, TA) means The resurrection; (S, K, TA;) because it will overwhelm (↓ تَغْشَى)

with its terrors; (S, TA;) or because it will come upon mankind as a thing covering them, (↓ تَغْشَى

الخَلْقَ,) so as to include them universally: (TA:) and, (K, TA,) some say, (TA,) the fire of Hell); (K, TA;) because it will cover, or overspread, (↓ تَغْشَى,) the faces of the unbelievers. (TA.) (In like manner also,] غَاشِيَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ meansPunishment that is general, or universal, in its extent. (TA.)

b6: And غَاشِيَةٌ signifies also A calamity, or misfortune. (TA.)

b7: And A cer tain disease that attacks in the جَوْف [i. e. belly, or chest]. (As, S, K.) One says, رَمَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِغَاشِيَةٍ

[May God smite him, or afflict him, with a غَاشِيَة]. (As, S.)

b8: Also Petitioners that come to one (K, TA) seeking, or demanding, or asking, gifts: (TA:) and visiters, and friends, that come to one time after time; (K, TA;) and that resort to one (TA:) a man's resorters; such as guests; and hangers-on, or seekers of favours; servants [or dependants]; and others. (Har pp. 95 and 467.)

أَغْشَى, applied to a horse, (S, K,) and to other than a horse, (S,) Whose whole head, as distinct from his body, is white; like أَرْخَمُ: (S:) or whose face is covered by whiteness: (K:) or having a blaze covering his face, and wide: (M, TA;)

fem. غَشْوَآءُ, applied to a goat. (S, K.)

مَغْشِىٌّ عَلَيْهِ Swooning; i. e. senseless; (MA, PS;)

having the affection denoted by the phrase غُشِىَ عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]. (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K.)"

غشو


غَشَا(n. ac. غَشْو)
a. Approached, drew near to, accosted.

صلاة الاستخارة

صلاة الاستخارة: راجع الاستخارة.
صلاة الاستخارة:
[في الانكليزية] Prayer for a favour
[ في الفرنسية] Priere pour une grace
في المشكاة في باب التطوّع عن جابر قال: (كان رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم يعلّمنا الاستخارة في الأمور كما يعلّمنا السورة من القرآن، يقول إذا همّ أحدكم بالأمر فليركع ركعتين من غير الفريضة، ثم ليقل: اللهم إني أستخيرك بعلمك واستقدرك بقدرتك وأسألك من فضلك العظيم فإنّك تقدر ولا أقدر وتعلم ولا أعلم وأنت علّام الغيوب. اللهم إن كنت تعلم أنّ هذا الأمر خير لي في ديني ومعاشي وعاقبة أمري، أو قال في عاجل أمري وآجله فاقدره لي ويسّره لي ثم بارك لي فيه وإن كنت تعلم أنّ هذا الأمر شرّ لي في ديني ومعاشي وعاقبة أمري، أو قال في عاجل أمري وآجله فاصرفه عني واصرفني عنه واقدر لي الخير حيث كان، ثم أرضني به. قال:
ويسمى صلاة الحاجة) رواه البخاري.
وأورد الشيخ عبد الحقّ الدهلوي في شرح هذا الحديث ما خلاصته: كان الرسول صلّى الله عليه وسلّم يعلّم الصحابة دعاء الاستخارة كما كان يعلّمهم السّورة من القرآن، فكان يقول ما معناه: إذا أراد أحدكم أمرا أي أمرا نادرا يعتني به كالسفر والعمارة والتجارة والنكاح والشراء والبيع وليس كالأمور العادية كالطعام والشراب والبيع والشراء للأشياء البسيطة، وتكون من الأمور المباحة، ويكون صاحبها متردّدا في خيرها أو شرها، حينذاك فليركع ركعتين نفلا بنية الاستخارة. وفي حديث آخر: فليقرأ ما تيسّر من القرآن. وفي بعض الروايات: ذكرت سورة: قُلْ يا أَيُّهَا الْكافِرُونَ، وقُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ.
وهو مأثور عن السّلف. انتهى.

اجل

اجل

1 أَجِلَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَجَلٌ, (Msb,) It (a thing, Msb, [as, for instance, a thing purchased, and the price thereof, and a thing promised or threatened or foretold, and also payment for a thing purchased, and the fulfilment of a promise or threat or prediction, and any event,]) was, or became, delayed, postponed, kept back; [and therefore, future;] syn. تَأَخَّرَ; (K;) and أَجَلَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. أُجُولٌ, signifies the same. (Msb.) [See آجِلٌ and أَجَلٌ. The primary signification seems to be, It had a term, or period, appointed for it, at which it should fall due, or come to pass.]

A2: أَجَلَهُ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. أَجُلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أجّلهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَأْجِيلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ آجلهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُؤَاجَلَةٌ; (TK;) He confined, restricted, restrained, withheld, debarred, hindered, or prevented, him. (K, TA.) Hence the phrase, أَجَلُوا مَالَهُمْ They confined, restricted, &c., their cattle from the pasturage. (TA.) A3: أَجَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَرًّا, (S, Msb,) or الشَّرَّ, (K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K) and اَجِلَ, (S, K,) inf. n. أَجْلٌ, (S, Msb,) He committed against them evil, (S, Msb, K,) and drew it, or procured it, to them: (Msb:) and (S, in the K “ or ”) he excited it, stirred it up, or provoked it, against them: (S, K:) or, accord. to Az, أَجَلْتُ عَلَيْهِمٌ, inf. n. as above, signifies I committed a crime against them: and AA says that جَلَبْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ and جَرَرْتُ and أَجَلْتُ have one and the same signification. (TA.) b2: And أَجَلَ لِأَهْلِهِ, (Lh, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He gained, acquired, or earned, and collected, and brought, or purveyed, and exercised skill in the management of affairs, for his family. (Lh, K.) 2 أَجَّلَ الأَجَلَ, (TA,) inf. n. تَأْجِيلٌ, (K, TA,) He defined the term, or period; (K, * TA;) assigned, appointed, or specified, it. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [vi. 128], وَ بَلَغْنَا أَجَلَنَا الَّذِي

أَجَّلْتَ لَنَا [And we have reached our term which Thou hast assigned, or appointed, for us;] meaning, the day of resurrection; (Bd, * Jel;) or the term of death; or, as some say, the term of extreme old age. (TA.) And أَجَّلْتُهُ, inf. n. as above, signifies I assigned, or appointed, for him, or it, a term, or period. (Msb.) b2: أَجَّلَنِى He granted me a delay, or postponement. (TA.) Yousay, فَأَجَّلَنِى أِلَي مُدَّةٍ ↓ اِسْتَأْجَلْتُهُ (S, K, TA) I desired, asked, demanded, or requested, of him a term, or period, [of delay, or postponement,] and he granted me a delay, or postponement, to a certain term, or period. (TA.) b3: See also 1.3 آجلهُ, inf. n. مُؤَاجَلَةٌ: see 1.5 تأجّل i. q. ↓ استأجل; (K, TA;) i. e. He asked, or requested, that a term, or period, should be assigned, appointed, or specified, for him. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Mek-hool, كُنَّا مَرَابِطِينَ بِا لسَّاحِلِ فَتَأَجَّلَ مُتَأَجِّلٌ [We were keeping post on the frontier of the enemy, in the tract on the sea-coast, and] a person asked, or requested, that a term, or period, should be assigned, or appointed, or specified, for him, and that permission should be granted him to return to his family. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَاْجَلَ see 2 and 5.

أَجْلٌ is originally the inf. n. of أَجَلَ شَرًّا “ he committed evil; ” and is used to indicate the causation of crimes; and afterwards, by extension of its application, to indicate any causation: (Bd in v. 35:) one says, فَعَلْتُهُ مِنْ أَجْلِكَ, and ↓ من إِجْلِكَ, (S, K,) and فَعَلْتُهُ أَجْلَكَ, and ↓ إِجْلَكَ, (so in some copies of the K,) and من أَجْلَالِكَ, and من إِجْلَالِكَ, (K, [belonging to art. جلو, in which also they are mentioned,]) and من أَجْلالِكَ, and من إِجْلَالِكَ, (so in some copies of the K and in the TA, [belonging to art. جل,]) i. e. [I did it] مِنْ جَرَّاكَ, (S,) which means [originally] in consequence of thy committing it: (Bd ubi suprà:) [and then, by extension of its application, as shown above, because of thee, or of thine act &c.; on thine account; for thy sake; as also لِأَجْلِكَ, which is more common in the present day:] or منْ جَلَلِكَ: (K:) and مِنْ أَجْلِهِ كَانَ كَذَا, i. e. بِسَبَبِهِ [Because of him, or it, it was thus, or such a thing was]. (Msb.) An instance of its occurrence without مِنْ [or لِ] is presented by the saying of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd, أَجْلَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ قَدْ فَضَّلَكُمْ [Because that God hath made you to have excel-lence, or hath preferred you]. (TA.) إِجْلٌ, whence فَعَلْتُهُ مِنْ إِجْلِكَ, and فَعَلْتُهُ إِجْلَكَ: see أَجْلٌ, in two places.

أَجَلٌ, (S, Mughnee, K,) with the ل quiescent, (Mughnee,) is written with kesr and with fet-h [to the medial letter, i. e. ↓ أَجِلْ as well as أَجَلْ] like نعم [which is written نَعِمٌ as well as نَعَمْ]: (TA:) it is a particle (Mughnee) denoting a reply; like نَعَمْ; (S, Mughnee, K;) importing acknowledgment of the truth of the speaker, to him who gives information; and the making a thing known, to him who asks information; and a promise, to him who seeks, or demands; (Mughnee;) i. e. It is as thou sayest [in the first case; and yes, or yea, in the same, and in the other cases]; (K voce بَسَلٌ;) therefore it occurs after such sayings as “ Zeyd stood ” and “ did Zeyd stand? ” and “ beat thou Zeyd: ” but ElMálakee restricts the information to that which is affirmative, and the saying expressive of seeking or demanding to that which is without prohibition: and it is said by some that it does not occur after an interrogation: (Mughnee:) Er-Radee says, in the Expos. of the Káfiyeh, after Z and others, that it is to denote acknowledgment of the truth of information, and does not occur after a saying in which is the meaning of seeking, or demanding: (TA:) or, accord. to Z and Ibn-Málik and others, it relates particularly to information: and accord. to Ibn-Kharoof, it occurs mostly after information: (Mughnee:) in the Expos. of the Tes-heel, it is said to be for denoting acknowledgment of the truth of information, past or other, affirmative or negative, and not to occur after an interrogation: (TA:) Akh says that it is better than نَعَمْ (S, Mughnee, K *) after information, (Mughnee,) in acknowledging the truth of what is said; (S, Mughnee, K;) and نعم is better than it after an interrogation: (S, Mughnee, K:) so that when one says, سَوْفَ تَذْهَبُ [Thou wilt, or shalt, go away], thou sayest أَجَلْ [Yes]; and it is better than نعم: but when one says, أَتَذْهَبُ [Wilt thou go away?], thou sayest نعم; and it is better than اجل. (S.) أَجَلٌ The term, or period, of a thing: (S, K:) its assigned, appointed, or specified, term or period: this is the primary signification: (TA:) or the term, or period, and time of falling due, of a thing: (Msb:) pl. آجَالٌ. (Msb, K.) b2: Hence, The period of women's waiting, before they may marry again, after divorce: as in the Kur ii. 231 and 232. (TA.) b3: The period, or extremity of time, in which falls due a debt (K, TA) and the like. (TA.) You say, بَاعَهُ إِيَّاهُ إِلَي أَجَلٍ [He sold it to him for payment at an appointed period]: and سَلَّمَ الدَّارَاهِمَ فِى طَعَامٍ إِلَي أَجَلٍ [He delivered the money for wheat, or the like, to be given at an appointed period]. (Msb in art. كلأ.) b4: The term, or period, of death; (K;) the time in which God has eternally decreed the end of life by slaughter or otherwise: or, as some say, the whole duration of life: and its end: a man's life being thus termed: and his death, by which it terminates: (Kull p. 17:) the assigned, or appointed, duration of the life of a man. (TA.) One says, دَنَا أَجَلُهُ, meaning His death drew near; originally, اسْتِيفَآءُ الأَجَلِ the completion of the duration of life. (TA.) In the Kur vi. 128, (see 2, above,) the meaning is, The term of death: or, as some say, the term of extreme old age: (TA:) or the day of resurrection. (Bd, * Jel.) The words of the Kur [vi. 2] ثُمَّ قَضَى أَجَلًا وَ أَجَلٌ مَسَمَّى عِنْدَهُ mean [Then He decreed a term,] the term of death, and [there is a term named with Him,] the term of the resurrection: or the period between the creation and death, and the period between death and the resurrection; for اجل is applied to the end of a space of time and to the whole thereof: (Bd:) or the meaning is, the period of sleep, and the period of death: (Bd, TA:) or the period of those who have passed away, and the period of those who remain and those who are to come: (Bd:) or the period of remaining in this world, and the period of remaining in the world to come: or in both instances death is meant; [accidental, and natural;] for the اجل of some is by accidental means, as the sword, and drowning, and burning, and eating what disagrees, and other means of destruction; while some have their full periods granted to them and are preserved in health until they die a natural death: or the اجل of some is that of him who dies in a state of happiness and enjoyment; and of others, that of him who reaches a limit beyond which God has no? appointed, in the natural course of this world, any one to remain therein; and to both of these, reference is made in the Kur [xvi. 72 and] xxii. 5. (TA.) b5: Sometimes, also, it means Destruction: and thus it has been explained as occurring in the Kur [vii. 184], where it is said, وَأَنْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ ا قْتَرَبَ أَجَلُهُمْ [And that, may be, their destruction shall have drawn near]. (TA.) أَجِلْ: see أَجَلٌ.

أَجِلٌ: see آجِلٌ.

أَجِيلٌ Having a delay, or postponement, granted to him, to a certain time; i. q. إِلَى وَقْتٍ ↓ مُؤَجَّلٌ. (Lth.) b2: See also آجِلٌ.

آجِلٌ Delayed; postponed; kept back; syn. مُتَأَخِّرٌ; [but in some copies of the K, for آجِلٌ, we find ↓ أَجِلٌ;] as also ↓ أَجِيلٌ, of which the pl. is أُجْلٌ: (K:) and therefore, (TA,) not present; future; to come; contr. of عَاجِلٌ: (S, Msb, TA:) and ↓ مُتَأَجِّلٌ, also, signifies delayed, deferred, or postponed, to the time of the end of a period; originally, contr. of مُتَعَجِّلٌ. (Mgh.) [See also أَجِيلٌ.] b2: [Hence,] الآجِلَةُ The [future,] latter, ultimate, or last, dwelling, or abode, or life; the world to come; syn. الآخِرَةُ; (K, TA;) contr. of العَاجِلَةُ. (S, TA.) A2: Committing a crime; or a committer of a crime. (S, TA.) مُؤَجَّلٌ Determined, defined, or limited, as to time; applied to a writing: so in the Kur iii. 139: (Bd, Jel, TA:) and to a debt; contr. of حَالٌّ, q. v. (Mgh in art. حل.) b2: See also أَجِيلٌ.

مُتَأَجِّلٌ: see آجِلٌ.

حُكيَ

حُكيَ
: (ى} كحَكَيْتُه.
( {أحْكيهِ) } حِكايَةً.
( {وحَكَيْتُ فلَانا} وحاكَيْتُه) {مُحاكاةً؛ (شابَهْتُه) .
يقالُ: فلانٌ} يَحْكي الشَّمسَ حُسْناً {ويُحاكِيها بمعْنىً.
(و) أَيْضاً: (فَعَلْتُ فِعْلَهُ) ؛ كَمَا فِي الصِّحاحِ.
(أَو) قُلْتَ مثْلَ (قَوْلِه سَوَاء) لم تُجاوزْهُ.
وَفِي الحدِيثِ: (مَا سَرَّني أنِّي} حَكَيْتُ فلَانا وأنَّ لي كَذَا وَكَذَا) ، أَي فَعَلْت مثْلَ فِعْلِهِ.
يقالُ: {حَكَاهُ} وحاكَاهُ، وأَكْثَر مَا يُسْتَعْمل فِي القبيحِ {المُحاكاةُ.
(وَعنهُ الكلامَ حِكايَةً: نَقَلْتُه.
(و) حَكَيْتُ (العُقْدَةَ؛ شَدَدْتُها) وقَوَّيْتُها؛ عَن ابنِ القطَّاعِ، (} كأَحْكَيْتُها) وأحْكَأْتُها.
ورَوَى ثعْلَبُ بيتَ عديِّ بنِ زيْدٍ: أَجْلِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قد فَضَّلَكُم
فوقَ مَن {أَحْكَى بصُلْبٍ وإزارْأَي فوْقَ مَنْ شَدَّ إزارَه عَلَيْهِ.
قالَ: ويُرْوَى: فَوْقَ مَا} أَحْكِي؛ أَي فوْقَ مَا أَقولُ مِن {الحِكَايَةِ ويُرْوى:
فوْقَ مَنْ أَحْكَا صُلْبا بإزار وَهَذِه الرِّوايَةُ تقدَّمَتْ فِي الهَمْزةِ.
(وامْرأَةٌ} حَكِيٌّ، كغَنِيَ: نَمَّامَةٌ) {تَحْكِي كَلامَ الناسِ وتَنمُّ بِهِ؛ قالَ الشَّنْفَرَى:
لعمرك مَا إِن أم عمروٍ برادةٍ
حكيَ وَلَا سبَابة قَبْلُ سُبّتِ (} واحْتَكى أَمْرِي: اسْتَحْكَم.
( {وأَحْكَى عَلَيْهِم: أبَرَّ) ، نَقَلَه الصَّاغانيُّ.
وممَّا يُسْتدركُ عَلَيْهِ:
} احْتَكى ذلِكَ فِي صَدْرِي: وَقَعَ فِيهِ؛ عَن الفرَّاء.
{والحُكَاةُ، بالضمِّ مَقْصوراً: العَظايَةُ الضَخْمَةُ، والجَمعُ} حُكىً، كهَدىً، وَهِي لُغَةٌ فِي الحُكَاءَةِ بالضمِّ مَمْدُودَة كَمَا تقدَّمَ فِي مَوْضِعِه.
{والحاكِيَةُ: الشِّدَّةُ: يقالُ:} حَكَتْ أَي شَدَّتْ، عَن الفرَّاء.
ورجُلٌ {حَكَوِيٌّ، بالتحْرِيكِ: صاحِبُ} حِكَاياتٍ ونوادِرَ، عاميَّةٌ.
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