ح ق ق

قال أبو زيد: حق الله الأمر حقاً: أثبته وأوجبه. وحق الأمر بنفسه حقاً وحقوقاً. وقال الكسائي: حققت ظنه مثل حققته. وأنشد:

فبذلت مالك لي وجدت به ... وحققت ظني ثم لم تخب

وحققت الأمر وأحققته: كنت على يقين منه. وحققت الخبر فأنا أحقه: وقفت على حقيقته. ويقول الرجل لأصحابه إذا بلغهم خبر فلم يستيقنوه: أنا أحق لكم هذا الخبر، أي أعلمه لكم وأعرف حقيقته. فإن قلت: فما وجه قولهم: أنت حقيق بأن تفعل، وأنت محقوق به، وإنك لمحقوقة بأن تفعلي، وحقيقة به، وحققت بأن تفعل، وحق لك أن تفعل، قلت: أما حقيق، فهو من حقق في التقدير، كما قال سيبويه في فقير: إنّه من فقر مقدراً، وفي شديد من شدد، ونظره خليق وجدير، من خلق بكذا وجذر به، ولا يكون فعيلاً بمعنى مفعول. وهو محقوق لقولهم: أنت حقيقة بكذا، وهذه امرأة حقيقة بالحضانة. وأما حققت بأن تفعل، وأنت محقوق به، فبمعنى جعلت حقيقاً به وهو من باب فعلته ففعل، كقولك: قبح وقبحه الله. قال:

علم الفلسفيات
العلوم الفلسفية أربعة أنواع: رياضية ومنطقية وطبيعية وإلهية. فالرياضية على أربعة أقسام.
الأول: علم الأرتماطيقي وهو معرفة خواص العدد وما يطابقها من معاني الموجودات التي ذكرها فيثاغورس نيقوماخس وتحته علم الوفق وعلم الحساب الهندي وعلم الحساب القبطي والزنجي وعلم عقد الأصابع.
الثاني: علم الجومطريا وهو علم الهندسة بالبراهين المذكورة في إقليدس ومنها علمية وعملية وتحتها علم المساحة وعلم التكسير وعلم رفع الأثقال وعلم الحيل المائية والهوائية والمناظر والحزب.
الثالث: علم الإسطرلاب قوميا وهو: علم النجوم بالبراهين المذكورة في المجسطي وتحت علم الهيئة والميقات والزيج والتحويل.
الرابع: علم الموسيقى وتحته علم الإيقاع والعروض، والثاني العلوم المنطقية وهي خمسة أنواع:
الأول: أنولوطيقيا وهو معرفة صناعة الشعر.
الثاني: بطوريقا وهو معرفة صناعة الخطب.
الثالث: بوطيقيا وهو معرفة صناعة الجدل.
الرابع: الولوطيقي وهو معرفة صناعة البرهان. الخامس: سوفسطيقا وهو معرفة المغالطة.
والثالث العلوم الطبيعية وهي سبعة أنواع:
الأول: علم المبادئ وهو: معرفة خمسة أشياء لا ينفك عنها جسم وهي: الهيولى والصورة والزمان والمكان والحركة.
الثاني: علم السماء والعالم وما فيه.
الثالث: علم الكون والفساد.
الرابع: علم حوادث الجو.
الخامس: علم المعادن.
السادس: علم النبات.
السابع: علم الحيوان ويدخل فيه علم الطب وفروعه.
الرابع: العلوم الإلهية وهي خمسة أنواع:
الأول: علم الواجب وصفته.
الثاني: علم الروحانيات وهي معرفة الجواهر البسيطة العقلية الفعالة التي هي الملائكة.
الثالث: العلوم النفسانية وهي معرفة النفوس المتجسدة والأرواح السارية في الأجسام الفلكية والطبيعية من الفلك المحيط إلى مركز الأرض.
الرابع: علم السياسات وهي خمسة أنواع:
الأول: علم سياسة النبوة.
الثاني: علم سياسة الملك وتحته الفلاحة والرعايا وهو الأول المحتاج إليه في أول الأمر لتأسيس المدن.
الثالث: علم قود الجيش ومكائد الحرب والبيطرة والبيزرة وآداب الملوك.
الرابع: العلم المدني كعلم سياسة العامة وعلم سياسة الخاصة وهي سياسة المنزل.
الخامس: علم سياسة الذات وهو علم الأخلاق.
فصل في إبطال الفلسفة وفساد منتحلها
من كلام ابن خلدون رحمه الله وهذا الفصل مهم لأن هذه العلوم عارضة في العمران كثيرة في المدن وضررها في الدين كثير فوجب أن يصدع بشأنها ويكشف عن المعتقد الحق فيها وذلك أن قوما من عقلاء النوع الإنساني زعموا أن الوجود كله الحسي منه وما وراء الحسي تدرك ذواته وأحواله بأسبابها وعلل بالأنظار الفكرية والأقيسة العقلية وإن تصحيح العقائد الإيمانية من قبل النظر لا من جهة السمع فإنها بعض من مدارك العقل وهؤلاء يسمون فلاسفة جمع فيلسوف وهو باللسان اليوناني محب الحكمة فبحثوا عن ذلك وشمروا له وحوموا على إصابة الغرض منه ووضعوا قانونا يهتدي به العقل في نظره إلى التمييز بين الحق والباطل وسموه بالمنطق.
ومحصل ذلك أن النظر الذي يفيد تمييز الحق من الباطل إنما هو للذهن في المعاني المنتزعة من الموجودات الشخصية فيجرد منها أولا صورا منطبقة على جميع الأشخاص كما ينطبق الطابع على جميع النقوش التي ترسمها في طين أو شمع وهذه المجردة من المحسوسات تسمى المعقولات الأوائل؛ ثم تجرد من تلك المعاني الكلية إذا كانت مشتركة مع معاني أخرى وقد تميزت عنها في الذهن فتجرد منها معاني أخرى وهي التي اشتركت بها ثم تجرد ثانيا أن شاركها غيرها وثالثا إلى أن ينتهي التجريد إلى المعاني البسيطة الكلية المنطبقة على جميع المعاني والأشخاص ولا يكون منها تجريد بعد هذا وهي الأجناس العالية.
وهذه المجردات كلها من غير المحسوسات هي من حيث تأليف بعضها مع بعض لتحصيل العلوم منها تسمى المعقولات الثواني.
فإذا نظر الفكر في هذه المعقولات المجردة وطلب تصور الوجود كما هو فلا بد للذهن من إضافة بعضها إلى بعض ونفي بعضها عن بعض بالبرهان العقلي اليقيني ليحصل تصور الوجود تصورا صحيحا مطابقا إذا كان ذلك بقانون صحيح كما مر وصنف التصديق الذي هو تلك الإضافة والحكم متقدم عندهم على صنف التصور في النهاية والتصور متقدم عليه في البداية والتعليم لأن التصور التام عندهم هو غاية لطلب الإدراك وإنما التصديق وسيلة له وما تسمعه في كتب المنطقيين من تقدم التصور وتوقف التصديق عليه فبمعنى الشعور لا بمعنى العلم التام وهذا هو مذهب كبيرهم أرسطو.
ثم يزعمون أن السعادة في إدراك الموجودات كلها في الحس وما وراء الحس بهذا النظر وتلك البراهين.
وحاصل مداركهم في الوجود على الجملة وما آلت إليه وهو الذي فرعوا عليه قضايا أنظارهم أنهم عثروا أولا على الجسم السفلي بحكم الشهود والحس.
ثم ترقى إدراكهم قليلا فشعروا بوجود النفس من قبل الحركة والحس والحيوانات ثم أحسوا من قوى النفس بسلطان العقل ووقف إدراكهم فقضوا على الجسم العالي السماوي بنحو من القضاء على أمر الذات الإنسانية ووجب عندهم أن يكون للفلك نفس وعقل كما للإنسان.
ثم أنهوا ذلك نهاية عدد الآحاد وهي العشر تسع مفصلة ذواتها جمل واحد أول مفرد وهو العاشر ويزعمون أن السعادة في إدراك الوجود على هذا النحو من القضاء مع تهذيب النفس وتخلقها بالقضاء وإن ذلك ممكن للإنسان ولو لم يرد شرع لتمييزه بين الفضيلة والرذيلة من الأفعال بمقتضى عقله ونظره وميله إلى المحمود منها واجتنابه للمذموم بفطرته وذلك إذا حصل للنفس حصلت لها البهجة واللذة وإن الجهل بذلك هو الشقاء السرمدي وهذا عندهم هو معنى النعيم والعذاب في الآخرة إلى خبط لهم في تفاصيل ذلك معروف من كلماتهم.
وأمام هذه المذاهب الذي حصل مسائلها ودون علمها وسطر حجاجها فيما بلغنا في هذه الأحقاب هو أرسطو المقدوني من أهل مقدونية من بلاد الروم من تلاميذ أفلاطون وهو معلم الإسكندر1 ويسمونه المعلم الأول على الإطلاق ويعنون معلم صناعة المنطق إذ لم تكن قبله مهذبة وهو أول من رتب قانونها واستوفى مسائلها وأحسن بسطها ولقد أحسن في ذلك القانون ما شاء لو تكفل له بقصدهم في الإلهيات.
ثم كان من بعده في الإسلام من أخذ بتلك المذاهب واتبع فيها رأيه حذو النعل بالنعل إلا في القليل وذلك أن كتب أولئك المتقدمين لما ترجمها الخلفاء من بني العباس من اللسان اليوناني إلى اللسان العربي تصفحها كثير من أهل الملة وأخذ من مذاهبهم من أضله الله من منتحلي العلوم وجادلوا عنها واختلفوا في مسائل من تفاريعها.
وكان من أشهرهم أبو نصر الفارابي في المائة الرابعة لعهد سيف الدولة. أبو علي بن سينا في المائة الخامسة لعهد نظام الملك من بني بويه بأصبهان وغيرهما.
واعلم: إن هذا الرأي الذي ذهبوا إليه باطل بجميع وجوهه فأما إسنادهم الموجودات كلها إلى العقل الأول واكتفائهم به في الترقي إلى الواجب فهو قصور عما وراء ذلك من رتب خلق الله فالوجود أوسع نطاقا من ذلك ويخلق ما لا تعلمون وكأنهم في اقتصارهم على إثبات العقل فقط والغفلة عما وراءه بمثابة الطبيعيين المقتصرين على إثبات الأجسام خاصة المعرضين عن النقل والعقل المعتقدين أنه ليس وراء الجسم في حكمة الله شيء.
وأما البراهين التي يزعمونها على مدعياتهم في الموجودات ويعرضوا على مغيار المنطق وقانونه فهي قاصرة وغير وافية بالغرض.
أما ما كان منها في الموجودات الجسمانية ويسمونه العلم الطبيعي فوجه قصوره أن الــمطابقة بين تلك النتائج الذهنية التي تستخرج بالحدود والأقيسة كما في زعمهم وبين ما في الخارج غير يقينية لأن تلك أحكام ذهنية كلية عامة والموجودات الخارجية متشخصة بموادها ولعل في المواد ما يمنع من مطابقة الذهني الكلي للخارجي الشخصي اللهم إلا ما يشهدوا له الحس من ذلك فدليله شهوده لا تلك البراهين فأين اليقين الذي يجدونه فيها وربما يكون تصرف الذهن أيضا في المعقولات الأول الــمطابقة للشخصيات بالصور الخيالية لا في المعقولات الثواني التي تجريدها في الرتبة الثانية فيكون الحكم حينئذ يقينيا بمثابة المحسوسات إذ المعقولات الأول أقرب إلى مطابقة الخارج لكمال الانطباق فيها فنسلم لهم حينئذ دعاويهم في ذلك إلا أنه ينبغي لنا الإعراض عن النظر فيها إذ هو من ترك المسلم لما لا يعنيه فإن مسائل الطبيعيات لا تهمنا في ديننا ولا معاشنا فوجب علينا تركها.
وأما ما كان منها في الموجودات التي وراء الحس وهي الروحانيات ويسمونه العلم الإلهي وعلم ما بعد الطبيعة فإن ذواتها مجهولة رأسا ولا يمكن التوصل إليها ولا البرهان عليها لأن تجريد المعقولات من الموجودات الخارجية الشخصية إنما هو ممكن فيما هو مدرك لها ونحن لا ندرك الذوات الروحانية حتى نجرد منها ماهيات أخرى بحجاب الحس بيننا وبينها فلا يتأتى لنا برهان عليها ولا مدرك لنا في إثبات وجودها على الجملة إلا ما نجده بين جنبينا من أمر النفس الإنسانية وأحوال مداركها وخصوصا في الرؤيا التي هي وجدانية لكل أحد وما وراء ذلك من حقيقتها وصفاتها فأمر غامض لا سبيل إلى الوقوف عليه وقد صرح بذلك محققوهم حيث ذهبوا إلى أن ما لا مادة له لا يمكن البرهان عليه لأن مقدمات البرهان من شرطها أن تكون ذاتية.
وقال كبيرهم أفلاطون: إن الإلهيات لا يوصل فيها إلى يقين وإنما يقال فيها بالأحق الأولى يعني الظن وإذا كنا إنما نحصل بعد التعب والنصب على الظن فقط فيكفينا الظن الذي كان أولا فأي فائدة لهذه العلوم والاشتغال بها ونحن إنما عنايتنا بتحصيل اليقين فيما وراء الحسن من الموجودات على ما هي عليه بتلك البراهين فقول مزيف مردود وتفسيره أن الإنسان مركب من جزئين.
أحدهما: جسماني والآخر روحاني ممتزج به ولكل واحد من الجزئين مدارك مختصة به والمدرك فيهما واحد وهو الجزء الروحاني يدرك تارة مدارك روحانية وتارة مدارك جسمانية إلا أن المدارك الروحانية يدركها بذاته بغير واسطة والمدارك الجسمانية بواسطة آلات الجسم من الدماغ والحواس وكل مدرك فله ابتهاج بما يدركه واعتبره بحال الصبي في أول مداركه الجسمانية التي هي بواسطة كيف يبتهج بما يبصره من الضوء وبما يسمعه من الأصوات فلا شك أن الاتبهاج بالإدراك الذي للنفس من ذاتها بغير واسطة يكون أشد وألذ فالنفس الروحانية إذا شعرت بإدراكها الذي لها من ذاتها بغير واسطة حصل لها ابتهاج ولذة لا يعبر عنها وهذا الإدراك لا يحصل بنظر ولا علم وإنما يحصل بكشف حجاب الحس ونسيان المدارك الجسمانية بالجملة والمتصوفة كثيرا ما يعنون بحصول هذا الإدراك للنفس حصول هذه البهجة فيحاولون بالرياضة أمانة القوى الجسمانية ومداركها حتى الفكر من الدماغ ليحصل للنفس إدراكها الذي لها من ذاتها عند زوال الشواغب والموانع الجسمانية فيحصل لهم بهجة ولذة لا يعبر عنها وهذا الذي زعموه بتقدير صحته مسلم لهم وهو مع ذلك غير واف بمقصودهم.
فأما قولهم إن البراهين والأدلة العقلية محصلة لهذا النوع من الإدراك والابتهاج عنه فباطل كما رأيته إذ البراهين والأدلة من جملة المدارك الجسمانية لأنها بالقوى الدماغية من الخيال والفكر والذكر ونحن أول شيء نعني به في تحصيل هذا الإدراك إماتة هذه القوى الدماغية كلها لأنها منازعة له فادحة فيه وتجد الماهر منهم عاكفا على كتاب الشفاء والإشارات والنجاة وتلاخيص ابن رشد للقص من تأليف أرسطو وغيره يبعثر أوراقها ويتوثق من براهينها ويلتمس هذا القسط من السعادة فيها ولا يعلم أنه يستكثر بذلك الموانع عنها ومستندهم في ذلك ما ينقلونه عن أرسطو والفارابي وابن سينا أن من حصل له إدراك العقل الفعال واتصل به في حياته فقد حصل حظه من هذه السعادة والعقل الفعال عندهم عبارة عن أول رتبة ينكشف عنها الحس من رتب الروحانيات ويحملون الاتصال بالعقل الفعال على الإدراك العلمي وقد رأيت فساده.
وإنما يعني أرسطو وأصحابه بذلك الاتصال والإدراك إدراك النفس الذي لها من ذاتها وبغير واسطة وهو لا يحصل إلا بكشف حجاب الحس.
وأما قولهم إن البهجة الناشئة عن هذا الإدراك هي عين السعادة الموعود بها فباطل أيضا لأنا إنما تبين لنا بما قرروه إن وراء الحس مدركا آخر للنفس من غير واسطة وإنها تبتهج بإدراكها ذلك ابتهاجا شديدا وذلك لا يعين لنا أنه عين السعادة الأخروية ولا بد بل هي من جملة الملاذ التي لتلك السعادة.
وأما قولهم أن السعادة في إدراك هذه الموجودات على ما هي عليه فقول باطل مبني على ما كنا قدمناه في أصل التوحيد من الأوهام والأغلاط في أن الوجود عند كل مدرك منحصر في مداركه وبينا فساد ذلك وأن الوجود أوسع من أن يحاط به أو يستوفي إدراكه بجمله روحانيا أو جسمانيا والذي يحصل من جميع ما قررناه من مذاهبهم أن الجزء الروحاني إذا فارق القوى الجسمانية أدرك إدراكا ذاتيا له مختصا بصنف من المدارك وهي الموجودات التي أحاط بها علمنا وليس بعام الإدراك في الموجودات كلها إذ لم تنحصر وأنه يبتهج بذلك النحو من الإدراك ابتهاجا شديدا كما يبتهج الصبي بمداركه الحسية في أول نشرة ومن لنا بعد ذلك بإدراك جميع الموجودات أو بحصول السعادة التي وعدنا به الشارع إن لم نعمل لها هيهات هيهات لما توعدون.
وأما قولهم إن الإنسان مستقل بتهذيب نفسه وإصلاحها بملابسة المحمود من الخلق ومجانبة المذموم فأمر مبني على أن ابتهاج النفس بإدراكها الذي لها من ذاتها هو عين السعادة الموعود بها لأن الرذائل عائقة للنفس عن تمام إدراكها ذلك بما يحصل لها من الملكات الجسمانية والروحانية فهذا التهذيب الذي توصولنا إلى معرفته إنما نفعه في البهجة الناشئة عن الإدراك الروحاني فقط الذي هو على مقاييس وقوانين.
وأما ما وراء ذلك من السعادة التي وعدنا به الشارع على امتثال ما أمر به من الأعمال والأخلاق فأملا يحيط به مدارك المدركين وقد تنبه لذلك زعميهم أبو علي بن سينا فقال في كتاب المبدأ والمعاد ما معناه أن المعاد الروحاني وأحواله هو مما يتوصل إليه بالبراهين العقلية والمقاييس لأنه على نسبة طبيعية محفوظة ووتيرة واحدة قلنا في البراهين عليه سعة.
وأما المعاد الجسماني أحواله فلا يمكننا إدراكه بالبرهان لأنه ليس على نسبة واحدة وقد بسطته لنا الشريعة الحقة المحمدية فلينظر فيها ولنرجع في أحواله إليها فهذا العلم كما رأيته غير واف بمقاصدهم التي حوموا عليها مع ما فيه من مخالفة الشرائع وظواهرها وليس له فيما علمنا إلا ثمرة واحدة وهي شحذ الذهن في ترتيب الأدلة والحجاج لتحصيل ملكة الجودة والصواب في البراهين وذلك أن نظم المقاييس وتركيبها على وجه الإحكام والإتقان هو كما شرطوه في صناعتهم المنطقية وقولهم بذلك في علومهم الطبيعية وهم كثيرا ما يستعلمونها في علومهم الحكمية من الطبيعيات والتعاليم وما بعدها فيستولي الناظر فيها بكثرة استعمال البراهين بشروطها على ملكه الإتقان والصواب في الحجاج والاستدلالات لأنها وإن كانت غير وافية بمقصودهم هم فهي أصح ما علمناه من قوانين الأنظار.
هذه هي ثمرة هذه الصناعة مع الاطلاع على مذاهب أهل العلم وآرائهم ومضارها ما علمت فليكن الناظر فيها متحرزا جهده من معاطيها فليكن نظر من ينظر فيها بعد الامتلاء من الشرعيات والإطلاع على التفسير والفقه ولا يكبن أحد عليها وهو خلو عن علوم الملة فقل أن يسلم لذلك من معاطيها والله الموفق للصواب وللحق والهادي إليه وما كنا لنهتدي لولا أن هدانا الله.
قال الغزالي في الإحياء: الفلسفة ليست علما برأسها بل هي أربعة أجزاء.
أحدها: الهندسة والحساب وهما مباحان ولا يمنع عنهما إلا من يخاف عليه أن يتجاوز بهما إلى علوم مذمومة فإن أكثر الممارسين لهما قد خرجوا منهما إلى البدع فيصان الضعيف عنهما لا لعينهما خوفا عليه من أن القوي يندب إلى مخالطتهم.
قال الثاني: المنطق وهو بحث عن وجه الدليل وشروطه ووجه الحد وشروطه وهما داخلان في علم الكلام.
الثالث: الإلهيات وهو بحث عن ذات الله تعالى وصفاته وهو داخل في الكلام أيضا والفلاسفة لم ينفردوا فيها بنمط آخر من العلم بل انفرد بمذاهب بعضها كفر وبعضها بدعة.
الرابع: الطبيعيات بعضها مخالف للشرع والدين الحق فهو جهل وليس بعلم حتى يورد في أقسام العلوم وبعضها بحث عن صفات الأجسام وخواصها وكيفية استحالتها وتغييرها وهو شبيه بنظر الأطباء ولا حاجة إليها وإنما حدث ذلك بحدوث البدع إلى آخر ما قال والله أعلم.

شب

1 شَبَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَبَابٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K *) and شَبِيبَةٌ (S, Msb, K *) and شُبُوبٌ and شَبِيبٌ, (TA,) He became a youth, or young man; i. e. he attained to the state termed شَبَابٌ meaning as expl. below; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) said of a boy. (S, Msb.) [and in like manner شَبَّتْ is said of a girl, i. e. She became a young woman.] b2: شُبَّ used as a noun: see below. b3: [Perhaps as an inf. n. of which the verb is شَبَّ, (as Freytag has assumed,) but more probably of شُبَّ, which will be found mentioned in this paragraph, for I do not find the former verb in the requisite sense,] شَبٌّ signifies Anything's being, or becoming, raised, or elevated. (K.) b4: شَبَّ said of a horse, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ and شَبُّ, (S, K,) inf. n. شِبَابٌ and شَبِيبٌ (S, Msb, K) and شُبُوبٌ, (K,) He was brisk, lively, or sprightly, (S, Msb, K, *) and raised his fore legs (S, Msb, K) together, (S, Msb,) as though in leaping, (TA,) and played. (S. [See also شَبَّت in art. شبو, said of a mare.]) And likewise He was or became, restive, or refractory: one says, برِئْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ شِبَابِهِ and شَبِيبِهِ and عِضَاضِهِ and عَضِيضِهِ [I am irresponsible to thee for his being restive, or refractory, and for his biting]. (S.) b5: شَبَّتِ النَّارُ, [aor., accord. to rule, شَبِّ,] (Msb, K,) and شُبَّت [pass. of the trans. verb شَبَّ, q. v. infrà], inf. n. شُبُوبٌ (which is of the intrans., TA) and شَبٌّ (which is of the trans. verb, TA), The fire burned, burned up, burned brightly or fiercely, blazed, or flamed. (Msb, K. [See also 5.]) [And hence,] شَبَّتِ الحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمْ (tropical:) [War, or the war, burned, or burned fiercely, between them]. (A, TA.) A2: شُبَّ It was raised, or elevated. (O, TA.) b2: شَبَّ النَّارُ, aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. شَبٌّ (S, O, K) and شُبُوبٌ, (S, K,) or the latter is the inf. n. of the intrans. verb mentioned above, (TA,) He kindled the fire; or made it to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (S, O, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ شبّبها, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ; (L;) and ↓ اشبّها: (A and TA in art. حش:) and so شَبَاهَا. (TA in art. شبو.) And in like manner, شَبَّ الحَرْبَ (assumed tropical:) He kindled war, or the war; or made it to burn, or burn fiercely. (S.) b3: [Hence,] شَبَّ, aor. ـُ said of the blackness of a garment, (Sh, A, TA,) (tropical:) It heightened and increased, (A,) or made to appear bright and beautiful, and [as it were] burning, or glowing, (Sh, TA,) the whiteness of the wearer. (Sh, A, TA.) And شَبَّ لَوْنَهَا (aor. as above, S) (assumed tropical:) It (a woman's hair) showed, [or set off,] and rendered beautiful, her colour, or complexion: (S:) it (a woman's head-covering, and her hair,) increased, and showed, [or heightened, and set off,] her beauty: (K:) it (a woman's black headcovering) increased her fairness, and rendered her beautiful. (TA.) And يَشُبُّ الوَجْهَ, said of patience, (assumed tropical:) It gives beauty and colour to the countenance. (TA, from a trad.) b4: See also 4, in two places.2 شبّب النَّارَ, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ: see the preceding paragraph. b2: Hence, تَشْبِيبُ الشِّعْرِ (tropical:) The making the commencement of poetry elegant, or ornate, by the mention of women: (L, TA:) or the primary meaning of التَّشْبِيبُ is the mention of the days of youth and of play or sport, and amatory language; and it is in the commencing of odes; and the commencement thereof is so called, absolutely, though there be not in it any mention of youth: (TA:) it means النَّسِيبُ, (S, O,) or النَّسِيبُ بِالنِّسَآءِ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, التَّشَبُّبُ بالنِساءِ,]) i. e. بِذِكْرِهِنَّ: (TA:) one says, يُشَبِّبُ بِقُلَانَةَ, (S, O,) and بِهَا ↓ يتشبّب [if this be not a mistranscription for يُشَبِّبُ], (TA,) meaning يَنْسِبُ بِهَا: (S, O, TA:) [see this fully expl. in art. نسب: i. e.] شبّب بِفُلَانَةَ, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ, means, (tropical:) He spoke of such a female in amatory language [in the commencement of his ode], (Msb, TA,) and alluded to the love of her: (Msb:) and شبّب قَصِيدَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) He embellished [the commencement of] his ode by the mention of women: (Mgh, Msb:) and شبّب قَصِيدَتَهُ بِفُلَانَةَ (tropical:) [He embellished the commencement of his ode by mentioning, in amatory language, such a female]: (A, TA:) and ↓ شَبَابٌ is used in the sense of تَشْبِيبٌ; thus a قَصِيدَة is said to be حَسَنَةٌ الشَّبَابِ (tropical:) [Beautiful in the mention of women &c.]; and Jereer is said to have been أَرَقُّ النَّاسِ شَبَابًا (tropical:) [The most elegant of men in the mention of women &c.]. (A, TA.) b3: Hence, i. e. from تَشْبِيبٌ القَصِيدَةِ, may be derived التَّشْبِيبُ as a conventional term in the science of the division of inheritances; meaning (assumed tropical:) The mention of daughters according to the different degrees [of descent]: (Mgh:) it is as when one says, “he died, and left three daughters of a son, subordinate one to another, and three daughters of a son's son, in like manner, and three daughters of a son's son's son, in like manner, and the sons died and the daughters remained. ” (O.) b4: تَشْبِيبُ الكُتُبِ signifies (assumed tropical:) The commencing of books, or writings: and hence شَبَّبَ يُجَاوِبُهُ, occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) He commenced answering him: not from the تَشْبِيب of women in poetry. (TA.) 4 اشبّهُ اللّٰهُ God made him, or may God make him, to become a youth, or young man; i. e., to attain to the state termed شَبَابٌ meaning as expl. below: and اشبّ اللّٰهُ قَرْنَهُ means the same: (S, A, TA:) the latter [lit. means God made, or may God make, his equal in age to become a youth, &c., (see Har p. 572,) and therefore] is tropical. (A, TA.) b2: أَشْبَيْتُ الفَرَسَ I excited the horse to be brisk, lively, or sprightly, and to raise his fore legs together, as though in leaping, and to play. (S, * K, * TA.) b3: اشبّ النَّارَ: see 1. b4: أُشِبَّ لِىَ الرَّجُلُ, inf. n. إِشْبَابٌ; as also ↓ شُبَّ; (tropical:) The man appeared before my upraised eyes when not hoped for. (Az, TA.) b5: And أُشِبَّ لِى كَذَا, and ↓ شُبَّ, (tropical:) Such a thing was prepared, or appointed, or ordained, for me. (S, K, * TA.) A2: أَشَبُّ (tropical:) He became one whose child, or children, had attained to the state of شَبَاب [i. e. youth, or young manhood, &c.]: (K:) [or] أَشَبَّ الرَّجُلُ بَنِينَ (tropical:) the man became one whose children had attained to that state: (S, TA:) and in like manner, أَشَبَّتْ أَوْلَادًا is said of a woman. (TA.) b2: And أَشَبَّ said of [the species of bovine antelope called] the wild bull, (S, K,) He became such as is termed شَبَبٌ [q. v.], i. e., (S,) he became advanced in age, or full-grown; (مُسِنّ, S, K;) one whose state termed إِسْنَان [q. v.] had ended. (S.) 5 تَشَبَّّ [تَشَبَّتِ النَّارُ The fire became kindled; or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame: see also 1.] One says on the occasion of kindling fire, تَشَبَّبِى تَشَبُّبَ النَّمِيمَهْ جَآءَتْ بِهَا تَمْرٌ إِلَى تَمِيمَهْ [Be thou kindled like the state of kindling of the calumny that Temr brought to Temeemeh: but to what this alludes I know not]: it is like the saying, أَوْقَدَ بِالنَّمِيمَةِ نَارًا [He kindled a fire with calumny]. (A, TA.) b2: See also 2.10 إِسْتَشْبَ3َ It is said in a trad., يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الصِّبْيَانِ عَلَى الكِبَارِ يُسْتَثَبُّونَ [The boy's giving testimony against those that are full grown is allowable, when they (the former) are deemed to have attained to the state of youths, or young men]: it is as though it were said that if they take upon themselves the bearing witness in boyhood, and give their testimony when full grown, it is allowable: (TA:) or يُسْتَشَبُّونَ means they shall be sought youths, such as have attained to puberty, or maturity, in the case of giving testimony: or they shall be waited for, in the case of giving testimony, until the period of becoming youths, or young men. (Mgh.) b2: And it is said in another trad., اِسْتَشِبُّوا عَلَى أَسْوُقِكُمْ فِى البَوْلِ, i. e. Sit upon your shanks as one does when preparing to rise, not stooping with the whole body near to the ground; [having your feet only upon the ground; in the voiding of urine:] from شَبَّ الفَرَسُ meaning “ the horse raised his fore-legs together from the ground. ” (TA.) R. Q. 1 شَبْشَبَ He completed [a thing]; (AA, O, K;) said of a man. (AA, TA.) شَبٌّ, and its fem. شَبَّةٌ: see شَابٌّ.

A2: Also The stones of زَاج [or vitriol]: (K:) or the stones from which زاج and the like thereof are obtained; the best whereof is that which is brought from El-Yemen, which is white شبّ, and is very glistening: (TA:) [but شَبٌّ يَمَانِىٌّ, as also شَبٌّ alone, is a name now commonly given to alum:] or it is a certain thing resembling زاج: (S, Msb:) or a species thereof: accord. to El-Fárábee, the stones from which come زاج and the like: Az says, it is one of the minerals produced by God in the earth, with which one tans, and resembling زاج, and the name [correctly] heard is thus, with ب, but is by some mistranscribed with the three-dotted ث, [i. e. شَثٌّ,] which is a kind of tree of bitter taste, and I know not whether one tans with it or not: accord. to Mtr, in the saying that one tans with شبّ, this word is a mistranscription; for شبّ is a dye, and one does not tan with a dye; it is mistranscribed for شَثّ, which is a kind of tree like the dwarf apple-tree, whereof the leaves are like those of the خِلَاف [q. v.], and with them one tans: El-Fárábee also says, in the section of ث, that the شَثّ is a species of mountain-tree, with which one tans: from all which it appears that one tans with both of them; for an affirmation is to be preferred to a negation: (Msb:) and it is a well-known medicine; (K, TA;) as some say: so accord. to the correct copies of the K, in some of which, دَآءٌ is put for دَوَآءٌ. (TA.) شُبّ and دُبّ, though originally verbs, are used as nouns, by the introduction of مِنْ before them: one says, أَعْيَيْتَنِى مِنْ شُبَّ إِلَى دُبَّ and مِنْ شُبّ ٍ

إِلَى دُبّ ٍ [expl. in art. دبَ]: (S:) and in like manner they are used in another saying expl. in art. دب [q. v.]: (S in that art.:) or, without tenween, they may be regarded as verbs used in the way of حِكَايَة [or imitation]. (MF.) شَبَّةٌ The burning, burning up, burning brightly or fiercely, blazing, or flaming, of fire. (TA.) شَبَبٌ and ↓ شَبُوبٌ, applied to a [bovine antelope of the species called the] wild bull, (As, S, K,) and to a sheep or goat, (K,) and ↓ مُشِبٌّ, applied to the former, and ↓ مِشَبٌّ, (As, S, K,) sometimes, applied to the former, (As, S,) or to both, (K,) Advanced in age, or full-grown, (مُسِنٌّ, S, K,) whose state termed إِسْنَان [q. v.] has ended; (As, S;) and ↓ مُشِبَّةٌ is in like manner applied to a she-camel as meaning مُسِنَّةٌ: (TA:) or ↓ شبُوبٌ, (AA, K,) applied to both, (K,) as also ↓ مُشِبٌّ, (TA,) or to a bull, (AA,) is syn. with ↓ شابٌّ [meaning youthful, or in the prime of life]: (AA, K, TA:) and accord. to AO, شَبَبٌ, applied to a bull, means that has attained to the end of شَبَاب [i. e. youthfulness, or the prime of life]: (S, TA:) or, as some say, that has attained to the end of his full growth and strength; as also ↓ شَبُوبٌ, which is likewise applied to the female; or, accord. to AHát and ISh, when he is a year old, and weaned, he is called دَبَبٌ; and then, شَبَبٌ [meaning more than a year old]; and the female, شَبَبةٌ. (TA.) شَبَابٌ and ↓ شَبِيبَةٌ [both mentioned above as inf. ns.] (S, Msb, K) [and ↓ شَبَابِيَّةٌ which is a simple subst.] Youth, youthfulness, the prime of man-hood, or young manhood; syn. فَتَآءٌ; (K;) or حَدَاثَةٌ; contr. of شَيْبٌ: (S:) or the state from puberty to the completion of thirty years; or from sixteen years to thirty-two; after which a man is called كَهْلٌ; (TA;) the age before الكُهُولَة: (Msb:) or the state between thirty and forty: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Mohammad Ibn-Habeeb, the state from the seventeenth year to the completion of fifty-one years is termed ↓ شَبَابِيَّةٌ; the period before, from birth, being termed غُلُومِيَّةٌ; and in the period after, a man being called شَيْخٌ, until he dies. (TA.) One says, سَقَى اللّٰهُ عَصْرَ

↓ الشَبِيبَةِ [May God freshen as with rain the times, or mornings, or afternoons, of youth, &c.], and عُصُورَ الشَّبَائِبِ [the times, &c., of the states of youth, &c.]. (A, TA.) b2: [شَبَابٌ often signifies (assumed tropical:) The sap, or vigour, of youth or young manhood.] One says, اِسْتَحَارَ شَبَابُهَا, as in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, (assumed tropical:) The sap [or vigour] of youth (مَآءٌ الشَّبَابِ) flowed in her. (IB, TA in art. حير.) and اِمْتَلَأَ شَبَابًا (assumed tropical:) [He became full of the sap, or vigour, of youth or young manhood]. (The lexicons, &c., passim.) [But] مَآءٌ الشَّبَابِ signifies [also] (tropical:) The freshness, or brightness, and beauty, of youth. (Har p. 340.) [And ↓ شَبِيبَةٌ app. signifies also (assumed tropical:) Youthful folly, or the like; (see an ex. voce غَمْرَةٌ;) and so, probably, does شَبَابٌ.] b3: [Hence,] شَبَابٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The first, or beginning, or the new, or recent, state, of a thing; (K, TA;) and so ↓ شَبِيبَةٌ. (TA.) One says, قَدِمَ فِى شَبَابِ الشَّهْرِ (A, TA) (tropical:) He came, or arrived, in the beginning of the month. (TA.) And لَقِيتُهُ فِى

شَبَابِ النَّهَارِ (A, TA) (tropical:) I met him in the beginning of the day: (TA:) and جِئْتُكَ فِى شَبَابِ النَّهَارِ and بِشَبَابِ النَّهَارِ (assumed tropical:) I came to thee in the beginning of the day: (Lh, TA:) or شَبَابُ النَّهَارِ means the period when the sun has risen high, when one fifth of the day has passed. (A in art. رأد.) And one says also ↓ فَعَلَ ذٰلِكَ فِى شَبِيبَتِهِ He did that at the commencement thereof. (TA.) A2: See also شَابٌّ

A3: And see 2.

شِبَابٌ an inf. n. of شَبَّ said of a horse. (S, Msb, K.) A2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

شِبَابٌ: see شَبَّ, in three places. b2: Also A horse whose hind feet pass beyond his fore feet; (K;) which is a fault: accord. to Th, such is termed ↓ شَبِيبٌ: IM says that the correct word is شَئِيتٌ: [but] see this in its proper place. (TA.) A2: Also A thing with which a fire is kindled, or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (S, K;) and so ↓ شِبَابٌ. (K.) b2: And [hence, as also ↓ شِبَابٌ,] (tropical:) A thing that serves [as a foil] for beautifying, or setting off, (K,) [or making to appear bright and beautiful,] or for increasing, or enhancing, and strengthening, [or heightening, in beauty,] (S, TA,) to another thing. (S, K, TA.) So in the saying, هٰذَا شَبُوبٌ لِكَذَا (tropical:) This is a thing that serves for increasing, or enhancing, [or heightening, in beauty,] to such a thing. (S, TA.) One says of a woman's headcovering, هُوَ شَبُوبٌ لِوَجْهِهَا (tropical:) [It is a thing that serves for giving an appearance of additional brightness and beauty to her face]. (A.) شَبِيبٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَبِيبَةٌ: see شَبَابٌ, in five places.

عَسَلٌ شَبَابِىٌّ Honey of Shebábeh (شَبَابَة); (A, TA;) or, of Benoo-Shebábeh, (Mgh,) a people of Et-Táïf, (A, Mgh, TA,) of [the tribe of] Khath'am, who possessed bees, and hence it was thus called. (Mgh.) شَبَابِيَّةٌ: see شَبَابٌ, in two places.

شَبَّذَا زَيْدٌ i. q. حَبَّذَا [q. v. in art. حب]. (Th, TA.) شَابٌّ part. n. of شَبَّ said of a boy; (Msb;) [Youthful, or in the prime of manhood; a youth, or a young man;] in the state from puberty to the completion of thirty years; or from sixteen years to thirty-two; after which a man is called كَهْلٌ; (TA;) in the age before الكُهُولَة: (Msb:) or in the state between thirty and forty: (Mgh:) [or in the state from the seventeenth year to the completion of fifty-one years: (see شَبَابٌ:)] and IAar mentions ↓ شَبٌّ as an epithet applied to a man [in the same sense as شَابٌّ]: (TA:) a female is termed شَابَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ شَبَّةٌ; both signifying the same: (S, K:) the pl. of شَابٌّ is شُبَّانٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and شَبَبَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ شَبَابٌ, (S, A, * K,) or the last is an inf. n. used as an epithet applied to a pl. number, (Mgh, and Ham p. 50,) or it is a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) females, (Msb,) or women, (K,) are termed شَوَابٌّ (Msb, K) and شَبَائِبُ, (K,) the latter said by Az to be allowable in the sense of the former, (TA,) which is pl. of شَابَّةٌ, (Msb,) شَبَائِبُ, accord. to Az, being pl. (not of شَابَّةٌ but) of شَبَّةٌ, like as ضَرَائِرُ is of ضَرَّةٌ: (TA:) the dim. of شَابَّةٌ is ↓ شُوَيْبَّةٌ, and some of the Arabs say ↓ شُوَابَّةٌ, changing the ى into ا before a double letter [as in دُوَابَّةٌ for دُوَيْبَّةٌ]. (ISd, L in art. هد.) One says, مَرَرْتُ بِرِجَال ٍ شَبَبَة ٍ

meaning شُبَّان ٍ [i. e. I passed by men that were youths, or persons in the prime of manhood]. (S.) b2: See also شَبَبٌ.

شُوَابَّةٌ: dims. of شَابَّةٌ fem. of شَابٌّ, q. v.

شُوَيْبَّةٌ: dims. of شَابَّةٌ fem. of شَابٌّ, q. v.

شَوْشَبٌ The scorpion. (IAar, K.) b2: And The louse; syn. قَمْلٌ: (K in this art.:) or the ant; syn. نَمْلٌ: (K in art. ششب:) fem. [or perhaps n. un.] with ة. (TA.) مُشِبٌّ, and its fem., with ة: see شَبَبٌ, in three places. b2: Also the former, A lion: (K:) or a full-grown lion: syn. أَسَدٌ كَبِيرٌ. (TA.) مِشَبٌّ: see شَبَبٌ.

مُشَبَّبٌ الأَظَافِرِ [or rather الأَظَافِيرِ, pl. of the pl. أَظْفَارٌ or of أُظْفُورٌ,] (tropical:) Having sharp-pointed nails or talons or claws; as though they flamed, by reason of their sharpness. (A, TA.) مَشْبُوبٌ [pass. part. n. of 1]. You say نَارٌ مَشْبُوبَةٌ A fire kindled, or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame: شَابَّةٌ in this sense is not allowable. (K.) b2: [Hence,] applied to a man, (A, TA,) (tropical:) Comely, (S, TA,) of goodly countenance; (A, TA;) as though lighted up: bright, or fair, in complexion, and of goodly countenance; as though his countenance were lighted up with fire: pl. مَشَابِيبُ. (TA.) and (tropical:) A man of acute mind. (TA.) And طَلَعَتِ المَشْبُوبَتَانِ الزُّهَرَتَانِ [or الزَّهْرَاوَانِ?] (tropical:) Venus and Jupiter, so called on account of their beauty and splendour, rose. (A, TA.)

حق
الحَقُّ: نَقِيْضُ الباطِلِ، والحَقَّةُ: مِثْلُه، هذه حَقَّتي: أي حَقَّي. وحَقَّ الشَّيْءُ: وَجَبَ، يَحْقُّ ويَحِقُّ، وهو حَقِيْقٌ ومَحْقُوقٌ. وبَلَغَتُ حَقِيْقَةَ الأمْرِ: أي يَقِيْنَ شَأْنِه. والحَقِيْقَةُ: الرّايَةُ. والحُرْمَةُ أيضاً، من قَوْلهم: حامِي الحَقِيقَةِ.
وأَحَقَّ الرَّجُلُ: قال حَقّاً؛ أو ادَّعى حَقّاً فَوَجَبَ له، من قَوْلِه عزَّ وجلَّ: " لِيُحِقَّ الحَقَّ ".
والحاقَّةُ: النَّازِلَةُ التي حَقَّتْ فلا كاذِبَةَ لها. والحِقَاقُ: المُحَاقَّةُ. وحاقَقْتُ الرَّجُلَ: ادَّعَيْتَ أنَّكَ أوْلى بالحقِّ منه. وحَقَقْتُه: غَلَبْتُه على الحَقِّ، وأحْقَقْتُه: مِثْلُه. وقَوْلُ لَبِيْدٍ:
حتَّى تَهَجَّرَ في الرَّواحِ وهاجَها ... طَلَبَ المُعَقَّبِ حَقَّهُ المَظْلُومُ.
مَعْنَاه: حَجَّه وغَلَبَه، من قَوْلهم: حاقَّه فحقَّه. وفي حَديثِ عليٍّ - رضي الله عنه -: " إذا بَلَغَ النِّسَاءُ نَصَّ الحِقاقِ فالعَصَبَةُ أوْلَى بها " يعني: الإدراكَ، وهو أنْ تقولَ: أنا أَحَقُّ، ويقولُونَ: نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ. وَحَقَقْتُ ظَنَّه: مخَفَّفٌ بمعنى التشديد. ويقولونَ: لَحَقُّ لا آتِيْكَ، رَفْعٌ بلا تَنْوينٍ. وإنَّه لَحَقُّ عالِمٍ وحَاقُّ عالِمٍ، لا يُثَنّى ولا يُجْمَعُ. والرَّجُلُ إذا خَصَمَ في صغارِ الأشْياءِ قِيْلَ: هو نَزْرُ الحِقَاقِ. وفي الحَديث: متى تَغْلُوا تَحْتَقُّوا يقولُ كُلُّ واحِدٍ منهم: الحَقُّ في يَدي. وما كانَ يُحَقُّكَ أنْ تَفْعَلَ كذا: أي ما يَحٍقُّ لك. وحَقَقْتُ العُقْدَةَ فانْحَقَّتْ: أي شَدَدْتَها فانْشَدَّتْ. وحَقَقتُ الأمْرَ وأحْقَقْتُه: إذا كُنْتَ منه على يَقينٍ. وحَقَّ اللهُ الأمْرَ. وحَقَّ الأمرَ نَفْسُه. وحُقَقْتُ الرَّجُلَ وأحْقَقْتُه: فَعَلْتَ به ما كانَ يَحْذَرُه. وأحْقَقْتُ الرَّمِيَّةَ: قَتَلْتَها على المَكان. وأحَقَّ القَوْمُ من الربيع: سَمِنُوا. وأحَقَّتِ النَّاقَةُ واسْتَحَقَّتْ: مِثْلُه. والمَحَاقُّ من المال: اللاّتي لم يُنْتَجْنَ في العام الماضي ولم يُحْلَبْنَ. والحِقُّ: الجَذَعُ من الإِبِلِ بِسَنَةٍ يَسْتَحِقُّ الرُّكُوْبَ، والأُنثى حِقَّةٌ لأنَّها تَسْتَحِقُّ الفَحْلَ. وأَحَقَّتِ البَكْرَةُ من الإبلِ إحْقاقاً: صارَتْ حِقَّةً. وبَلَغَتِ النَّاقَةُ حِقَّتَها. وما حَقَّتِ السَّحَابَةُ القُلَّةَ حَتَّى الآنَ: أي ما بَلَغَتْ. واستَحَقَّ الرَّجُلُ مكانَ كذا: أعْجَبَه. والحُقَّةُ من خَشَبٍ: مَعْروفَةٌ. والحَقْحَقَةُ: سَيْرُ الليلِ في أوَّلِهِ. والأحَقُّ من الخَيْلِ: الذي لا يَعْرَقُ. وإذا طَبَّقَ حافِرُ رِجْلَيْه مَوْضِعَ حافِرِ يَدَيْه: فهو أَحَقُّ أيضاً، والاسْمُ الحَقَقُ، وهو عَيْبٌ. ويُقال لِمُلْتَقَى كُلِّ عَظْمَيْنِ من الفَرَس: حُقٌّ، إلاَّ الظَّهْر. ويُقال لِضَبْبٍ من التَّمْرِ: بَنَاتُ الحُقَيْقِ. وقَرَبٌ حَقْحَاقٌ: زادَ على مَرْحَلَةٍ. وكانَ هذا عند حَق لقاحِها: أي عند وُجُوبِه.

حق

1 حَقَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and حَقُّ, (IDrd, Msb, K,) [the latter irregular,] inf. n. حَقَّةٌ (K, TA) and حَقٌّ (IDrd, TA) and حُقُوقٌ, (TA,) i. q. صَارَ حَقًّا [i. e., accord. to the primary meaning of حَقٌّ, as explained below, on the authority of Er-Rághib, It was, or became, suitable to the requirements of wisdom, justice, right or rightness, truth, or reality or fact; or to the exigencies of the case]: (TA:) it was, or became, just, proper, right, correct, or true; authentic, genuine, sound, valid, substantial, or real; established, or confirmed, as a truth or fact: and necessitated, necessary, requisite, or unavoidable; binding, obligatory, incumbent, or due: syn. وَجَبَ; (T, S, Msb, K, &c.;) and ثَبَتَ: (Msb, TA:) it was, or became, a manifest and an indubitable fact or event; as explained by IDrd in the JM; (TA;) it happened, betided, or befell, surely, without doubt or uncertainty. (K.) It is said in the Kur xxxvi. 6, لَقَدْ حَقَّ القَوْلُ عَلَى أَكْثَرِهِمْ, i. e. The saying, “ I will assuredly fill Hell with genii and men together,” [Kur xi. 120 and xxxii. 13,] (Bd,) or the sentence of punishment, (Jel,) hath become necessitated [as suitable to the requirements of justice, or as being just or right,] to take effect upon the greater number of them; syn. وَجَبَ, (Jel, TA,) and ثَبَتَ. (TA.) And this, namely, ثَبَتَ, is the meaning of the verb in the phrase, حَقَّ عَلَيْكَ القَضَآءُ [The sentence was, or, emphatically, is, necessitated as suitable to the requirements of justice to take effect upon thee; or it was, or is, necessary, just, or right, that the sentence should take effect upon thee]. (TA.) [In like manner,] one says, يَحِقُّ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا It is necessary for thee [as suitable to the requirements of wisdom or justice or the like], or incumbent on thee, or just or proper or right for thee, that thou shouldst do such a thing. (TA.) [Thus one says,] الحَقِيقَةُ مَا يَحِقُّ عَلَيْكَ

أَنْ تَحْمِيَهُ [The حقيقة is that which it is necessary for thee &c., or that which it behooveth thee, that thou shouldst defend it, or protect it]. (S, * K.) Accord. to Sh, the Arabs said, حَقَّ عَلَىَّ أَنْ

أَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ and حُقَّ: but accord. to Fr, when you say حَقَّ, you say عَلَيْكَ; and when you say حُقَّ, you say لَكَ. (TA.) [Accordingly] one says, حُقَّ لَكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ ذَا and حُقِقْتَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَهُ: both mean the same: (Ks, S, K:) [i. e., each has one, or the other, or both, of the meanings next following:] or the former means It was, or, emphatically, is, rendered حّقّ [or suitable to the requirements of wisdom or justice &c.] for thee, or necessary for thee, or incumbent on thee, or just or proper or right for thee, [or it behooved or behooves thee,] that thou shouldst do, or to do, this, or that: and [the latter, or] حُقِقْتَ بِأَنْ تَفْعَلَ, Thou wast, or, emphatically, art, rendered حَقِيق [or adapted, disposed, apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, competent, or worthy,] that thou shouldst do, or to do, this, or that]: (A, TA:) and in like manner, حُقَّتْ signifies in the Kur lxxxiv. 2 and 5: (Bd, Jel: *) or حُقِقْتَ بِأَنْ تَفْعَلَ may mean thou wast, or art, known by the testimony of thy circumstances to be حَقِيق

&c. (A, TA.) And مَا كَانَ يَحُقُّكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَهُ [virtually] means the same as مَا حُقَّ لَكَ [best rendered in this case It did not behoove thee to do it]. (TA.) One says also, حَقَّ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ [It was, or, emphatically, is, necessary &c. that thou shouldst do or to do such a thing]: but they did not say, حَقَقْتَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ. (Fr, TA.) b2: But حَقَّ عَلَىَّ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا means Thy doing so distressed, or hath distressed, or afflicted, me; or, emphatically, distresses, or afflicts, me; like عَزَّ عَلَىَّ. (S and K and TA in art. عز.) And in like manner, حَقَّ أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ [or حَقَّ مَا أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ] means عَزَّ مَا أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ [It is distressing to me that thou art going away]. (TA in art. عز.) And لَحَقَّ مَا is used in the same manner as لَعَزَّ مَا, q. v. (A and TA in art. عز.) You say also, حَقَّتِ الحَاجَةُ Want befell, or betided, or happened, and was severe, or distressing: (Msb, TA:) [which is said to be] from the phrase, حَقَّتِ القِيَامَةُ, aor. ـُ The resurrection included, or shall include, within its sphere [all] the created beings. (Msb.) A2: حَقَّتْ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. حِقَّةٌ (S, * Msb, K,) and حِقٌّ, (K,) or, accord. to ISd, it should rather be حَقَاقَةٌ and حُقُوقَةٌ, because حِقَّةٌ is used as an epithet, [as will be seen below,] and the inf. n. in a case like this, by rule, should differ from the epithet, (TA,) She (a camel) became a حِقّ, or حِقَّة; i. e., entered the fourth year: (K:) and ↓ أَحَقَّ, inf. n. إِحْقَاقٌ, he (a camel) became a حِقّ: because, so they say, he is then fit to be laden: (Msb:) and ↓ احقّت she (a young camel) completed three years; (Aboo-Málik, K;) became a حِقَّة; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) like حَقَّتْ. (TA.) You say, هُوَ حَقٌّ بَيِّنُ الحِقَّةِ [He is a حقّ, bearing evidence of being such]: (S:) and هِىَ حِقٌّ (K) and حِقَّةٌ (Msb, K) بَيِّنَةُ الحِقَّةِ [she is a حقّ or حقّة, bearing evidence &c.]: (Msb:) [a phrase] to which a parallel is scarcely known, (Msb,) or to which there is no parallel (K) except أَسَدٌ بَيِّنُ الأَسَدِ [a lion bearing evidence of being like a lion in boldness]. (TA.) b2: حِقٌّ [as inf. n. of حَقَّتْ] also signifies A she-camel's overpassing the days [corresponding to those] in which she was covered [in the preceding year]: (K:) or her completing [the time of] her pregnancy; as also ↓ اِسْتِحْقَاقٌ. (TA.) b3: And حَقَّتْ and ↓ احقّت and ↓ استحقّت She (a camel) became fat. (TA. [See also 8, last signification.]) A3: حَقَّهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. حَقٌّ, (TA,) He, or it, rendered it [suitable to the requirements of wisdom, justice, rightness, truth, or reality or fact; or to the exigencies of the case; (see the first of the significations in this art.;) or] necessary, requisite, or unavoidable; binding, obligatory, incumbent, or due; or just, proper, or right; syn. أَوْجَبَهُ; (K;) [whence حُقَّ لَكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ ذَا, explained above;] as also ↓ حقّقهُ (K) and ↓ احقّهُ; (S, K;) which last some explain by صَيَّرَهُ حَقًّا [meaning as above; or he rendered it true;] or صيّره حقًّا لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ [he rendered it true, so that there was no doubt respecting it]; as also حَقَّهُ, inf. n. حَقٌّ: and حَقَّهُ signifies also he established it so that it became true and undoubted in his estimation: (TA:) or حَقَّهُ signifies, (S, Msb,) or signifies also, (K,) he assured, or certified, himself of it; he ascertained it; he was, or became, sure, or certain, of it; (A 'Obeyd, S, Msb, * K; *) and so ↓ تحقّقه (A 'Obeyd, S, K) and ↓ احقّهُ: (S, Msb: *) or he pronounced it, or held or believed it, to be established as a necessary truth or fact; as also ↓ احقّهُ: and ↓ حقّقهُ has a similar, but intensive, signification: (Msb:) or ↓ احقّهُ signifies he established it as true; or he judged, or decided, it to be so: (TA: [contr. of أَبْطَلَهُ: see an ex., from the Kur viii., voce أَبْطَلَ:]) and ↓ حقّقهُ, inf. n. تَحْقِيقٌ, signifies صَدَّقَهُ [as meaning he verified it, or proved it to be true or veritable; or he found it to be true or veritable; both of which significations are of very frequent occurrence]; (S, K;) as also حَقَّهُ, inf. n. حَقٌّ: and accord. to IDrd, ↓ حقّقهُ signifies [also] صَدَّقَ قَائِلَهُ [he proved, or found, or pronounced, the sayer of it to be ture]: and حقّق is also said to signify he said, “This thing is the truth; ” like صَدَّقَ. (TA.) You say, حَقَقْتُ عَلَيْهِ القَضَآءَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَقٌّ, I necessitated the sentence [as suitable to the requirements of justice] to take effect upon him; or necessitated [as suitable &c.] the taking effect of the sentence upon him; syn. أَوْجَبْتُهُ; as also ↓ أَحْقَقْتُهُ, inf. n. إِحْقَاقٌ. (TA.) And ↓ أُحِقَّ عَلَيْكَ القَضَآءُ The sentence was, or, emphatically, is, necessitated [as suitable to the requirements of justice] to take effect upon thee; syn. أُثْبِتَ. (TA.) And حَقَقْتُ حَذَرَهُ, (S, K,) or حِذْرَهُ, (so in one copy of the S,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S,) [I rendered his caution, or fear, necessary; or justified it; meaning] I did that of which he was cautious, or that which he feared; (S, K;) as also حذره ↓ أَحْقَقْتُ: (S:) or, accord. to Az, the latter only is right. (TA.) And حَقَقْتُ ظَنَّهُ; (Ks, TA;) and ↓ حَقَّقْتُهُ, (Ks, S, TA,) inf. n. تَحْقِيقٌ: (S:) both signify the same; (Ks, TA;) i. e. صَدَّقْتُ; (S;) which means I found his opinion to be true; (Ksh and Bd and Jel, in xxxiv. 19;) or proved it to be true: (Ksh, ibid.:) and so قَوْلَهُ his saying: (S:) and تَحْقِيقٌ signifies [also] the strengthening, or confirming, a saying; or making it strong, or firm. (KL.) And أَنَا

أَحَقُّ لَكُمْ هٰذَا الخَبَرَ I will know, or ascertain, the truth, or real nature, of this piece of news or information, for you. (TA.) And أَظُنُّهُ وَ لَا

أَحُقُّهُ [I think it, but I do not know the truth of it, or am not certain of it]. (T in art. إِيَّا; &c.) And حَقَقْتُ العُقْدَةَ, [written in the TA without any syll. signs, so that it may be either thus or ↓ حَقَّقْتُهُ; but it is most probably the former, as the quasi-pass. is not تحقّقت, but انحقّت: it signifies lit. I made the knot right, or sure; meaning] (tropical:) I tied, or made fast, or tightened, the knot; (Ibn-'Abbád, TA;) or I tied, or tightened, firmly the knot. (A, TA.) b2: [He, or it, rendered him حَقِيق, i. e. adapted, disposed, apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, or worthy, to do a thing &c.; whence حُقِقْتَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَهُ, or بِأَنْ تَفْعَلَ, explained above. b3: It was necessary for him, or incumbent on him, or just or proper or right for him, or it behooved him, to do a thing &c.; whence مَا كَانَ يَحُقُّكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَهُ, explained above.] b4: Also, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. حَقٌّ, (TA,) He overcame him in disputing, or contending, for a right, or due; (S, K, * TA;) and so ↓ احقّهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِحْقَاقٌ, mentioned by Az on the authority of Ks, but, he adds, disallowed by A 'Obeyd. (TA.) See 3. b5: Also He (a man) came to him, namely, another man; (A 'Obeyd, S, K;) and so ↓ احقّهُ. (A 'Obeyd, S.) [Hence, app.,] حَقَّتْنِى الشَّمْسُ The sun reached me. (TA.) And لَا يحقُّ مَا فِى هٰذَا الوِعَآءِ رِطْلًا [app. يَحُقُّ] What is in this receptacle [does not reach, or amount, to a pound; i. e.,] does not weigh a pound. (TA.) A4: حَقَّ الطَّرِيقَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. حَقٌّ, (TK,) He went upon the حَاقّ of the road; (K;) i. e. the middle of it: the doing of which is forbidden, in a trad., to women. (TA.) And حَقَّ فُلَانًا, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He beat, or struck, such a one in, or upon, the حاقّ of his head; (K;) i. e. the middle of it: (TA:) or in, or upon, the حُقّ of his كَتِف; i. e. the small hollow upon the head of his shoulder-blade: (K:) or, as some say, the head of the upper arm, in which is the وَابِلَة. (TA.) 2 حقّقهُ, inf. n. تَحْقِيقٌ: see حَقَّهُ, above, in six places. [Hence تَحْقِيقُ الهَمْزَةِ The uttering of the hemzeh with its ture, or proper, sound; opposed to تَخْفِيفُهَا. Hence also] صَبَغْتُ الثَّوْبَ صَبْغًا تَحْقِيقًا I dyed the garment, or piece of cloth, with a saturating dyeing. (TA.) And تَحْقِيقٌ signifies also The weaving a garment, or piece of cloth, strongly, or firmly. (KL.) A2: حقّق فِى أَمْرِهِ He was serious, or in earnest, in his affair; contr. of هَزَلَ. (L in art. جد.) 3 حاقّهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. حِقَاقٌ and مُحَاقَّةٌ, (TA,) He disputed, litigated, or contended, with him, (S, K,) each of them laying claim to a right, or due: (S, TA:) the verb is mostly used in the third person. (TA.) You say, حَاقَّنِى وَ لَمْ يُحَاقَّنِى

فِيهِ أَحَدٌ [He disputed, &c., with me, and no one had disputed, &c., with me respecting it]. (TA.) [But] you say also, ↓ حَاقَقْتُهُ فَحَقَقْتُهُ I disputed, litigated, or contended, with him for a right, or due, and I overcame him in doing so. (TA.) And إِنَّهُ لَنَزِقُ الحِقَاقِ (tropical:) Verily he is one who disputes, or litigates, or contends, respecting small things. (S, K, TA.) And مَا لَهُ فِيهِ حَقٌّ وَ لَا حِقَاقٌ, i. e. [He has no right, or due, to exact, in respect of him, or it, nor any cause of] disputing, or litigating, or contending. (S.) And it is said respecting women, (K,) in a trad. of 'Alee, (TA,) إِذَا بَلَغْنَ نَصَّ الحِقَاقِ فَالعَصَبَةُ أَوْلَى, or الحَقَائِقِ: (K:) accord. to some, الحقاق here means the same as المُحَاقَّة: accord. to others, it properly signifies the camels thus called: and so الحقائق; this [likewise] being a pl. of ↓ حِقَّةٌ; or it is pl. of ↓ حَقِيقَةٌ. (TA. [See art. نص; in which this trad. is more fully, but somewhat differently, cited; and fully explained.]) A2: [Also, app., He acted seriously, or in earnest, with him in an affair: see 3 in art. جد: and see also 2 above, last signification.]4 احقّ, [inf. n. إِحْقَاقٌ,] He spoke truth; said what was true: [very common in this sense; contr. of أَبْطَلَ:] or he revealed, or manifested, or showed, a truth, or a right or due: or he laid claim to a right, (or to a thing, TA) and it was, or became, due to him. (Msb.) A2: See also حَقَّ, as an intrans. verb, in three places; relating to camels. b2: احقّ القَوْمُ The people's cattle became fat. (TA.) And احقّ القَوْمُ مِنَ الرَّبِيعِ The people's cattle became fat by means of the [herbage called] ربيع. (AHn, * ISd, TA.) A3: As a trans. verb: see حَقَّهُ, in nine places. You say also, أَحْقَقْتُ الأَمْرَ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) I did, performed, or executed, the affair in a firm, solid, sound, or good, manner; or put it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state. (TA.) b2: رَمَى فَأَحَقَّ الرَّمِيَّةَ (tropical:) He cast, or shot, and killed on the spot the animal at which he cast, or shot. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, K, * TA.) b3: أَحَقَّتْ إِبِلُنَا رَبِيعًا and ↓ استحقّت ربيعا (assumed tropical:) Our camels found [herbage such as is termed] ربيع full-grown, and pastured upon it. (TA.) 5 تحقّق [It was, or became, or proved to be, a truth, a reality, or a fact.] [Hence,] تحقّق عِنْدَهُ الخَبَرُ The information was, or proved, true, right, correct, or valid, in his estimation. (S, K. *) A2: تحقّقهُ: see حَقَّهُ.6 تَحَاقٌّ is syn. with تَخَاصُمٌ; and ↓ اِحْتِقَاقٌ, with اِخْتِصَامٌ; [The disputing, litigating, or contending, together;] (S, K;) [for] تَخَاصَمُوا and اِخْتَصَمُوا signify the same; (K in art. خصم;) [or rather] the meaning of [تحاقّ and] ↓ احتقاق is [the disputing, &c., together for a right, or due;] each one's, or every one's, saying, “The right is mine,” and “ with me; ” or demanding his right, or due. (TA.) One says, تَحَاقٌّوا [They disputed, &c., together for a right, or due]. (TK.) And ↓ اِحْتَقَّا They two disputed, &c., (K, TA,) each of them demanding his right, or due. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ وَ فُلَانٌ ↓ احتقّ [Such a one and such a one disputed, &c., together for a right, or due]. (S.) One does not say of a single person [تحاقّ nor] ↓ احتقّ; like as one does not say of one only [تخاصم nor] اختصم. (S.) 7 اِنْحَقَّتِ العُقْدَةُ (tropical:) The knot became tied, or made fast, or tightened. (Ibn-' Abbád, K, TA.) 8 إِحْتَقَ3َ see 6, throughout.

A2: اِحْتَقَّتْ بِهِ الطَّعْنَةُ (assumed tropical:) The thrust, or piercing, killed him: (AA, K:) or (tropical:) went right, or directly, into him: (As, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) penetrated into his belly, or inside: (L, TA:) or hit, or struck, the socket, or turning-place, of his hip, which is termed its حُقّ. (K, * TA.) One says, رَمَى فُلَانٌ الصَّيْدَ فَاحْتَقَّ بَعْضًا وَ شَرَّمَ بَعْضًا (assumed tropical:) Such a one shot, or cast, at the objects of the chase, and killed some, and wounded some so that they escaped: (S:) or pierced into the bellies, or insides, of some, and wounded the skin of some without so piercing. (L.) A3: احتقّهُ إِلَى كَذَا He kept him, or held him, back, or retarded him, [until such a time, or such an event,] and straitened him. (TA.) A4: احتقّ الفَرَسُ The horse became lean, or light of flesh; or slender, and lean; or lean, and lank in the belly. (S, K, TA.) b2: and احتقّ المَالُ The cattle became fat: (K: [see also the last meaning of 1 as an intrans. verb:]) but in the A and O and L, احتقّ القَوْمُ the people's cattle became fat, and their fatness ended, or attained the extreme point. (TA.) 10 استحقّهُ He demanded it as his right, or due. (TA.) [And hence,] He had a right, or just title or claim, to it; he was, or became, entitled to it; he deserved it, or merited it; syn. اِسْتَوْجَبَهُ: (S, Msb, K:) or these two verbs are nearly the same; (TA;) [the former meaning he was, or became, adapted, disposed, apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, competent, or proper, for it; which is the most proper meaning of the phrase صَارَ حَقِيقًا بِهِ, as well as of the verb استحقّ; but this verb has also the former of these two meanings.] When a man purchases a house, and another lays claim to it, and establishes a just evidence of his claim, and the judge decides for him according to his evidence, one says of him, قَدِ اسْتَحَقَّهَا عَلَى المُشْتَرِى [He has a right to it in preference to the purchaser]; meaning that he is to possess it in preference to the purchaser. (TA.) And of a camel such as is termed حِقّ one says, استحقّ أَنْ يُرْكَبَ [He was, or has become, fit to be ridden], (K,) and أَنْ يُحْمَلَ عَلَيْهِ [to be laden]: (S, Msb:) and استحقّ الضِّرَابَ [He was, or has become, fit for covering]. (L, K.) b2: [Hence, It (an action, and anything,) deserved it, merited it, or required it.] And استحقّ إِثْمًا He did what necessitated sin; (Ksh and Bd and Jel in v. 106;) [was guilty of a sin;] and deserved its being said of him that he was a sinner; (Ksh ibid.;) i. q. اِسْتَوْجَبَهُ. (TA.) And استحقّوا They committed sins for which he who should punish them would be excusable, because they deserved punishment; like أَوْجَبُوا, and أَعْذَرُوا, and اِسْتَلَاطُوا. (IAar, TA in art. لوط.) b3: استحقّت

إِبِلُنَا رَبِيعًا: see 4, last sentence. b4: استحقّت النَّاقَةُ لَقَاحًا The she-camel conceived, or became pregnant; and استحقّ لَقَاحُهَا [signifies the same]. (TA.) b5: See also 1, as an intrans. verb, last two sentences. R. Q. 1 حَقْحَقَ, inf. n. حَقْحَقَةٌ, He went the pace, or in the manner, termed حَقْحَقَةٌ; (TA;) which means a pace, or manner of going, in which the beast is made to exert himself to the very utmost, and which is the most fatiguing to the ظَهْر [meaning the camel that is ridden, or the beast that carries one]: (S, Mgh, K:) or a journeying in the beginning, or first part, of the night; (Lth, S, K;) which is forbidden: (Lth, S, TA:) or, as some say, the fatiguing a while, and abstaining a while: (Lth, TA:) but Az says that Lth is not correct in either of his explanations of this word: (TA:) or an obstinate persisting in journeying: or an obstinate persisting in journeying until the camel that one is riding perishes or breaks down: (K:) or, accord. to Az, the correct meaning, confirmed by what the Arabs said, is the making the camel to go on, and urging him to that which fatigues him, and that which is beyond his power, until he breaks down with his rider: or, accord. to IAar, the jading of the weak [beast] by hard journeying. (TA.) It is related in a trad., that Mutarrif Ibn-Esh-Shikhkheer said to his son, when he took extraordinary pains in religious exercises, (S, TA,) and was immoderate therein, (TA,) خَيْرُ الأُمُورِ أَوْسَاطُهَا وَ الحَسَنَةُ بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ وَ شَرُّ السَّيْرِ [The best of affairs, or actions, or cases, are such of them as are between two extremes; and the good action is between the two things; and the worst kind of journeying is that in which the beast is made to exert himself to the very utmost, &c.]: (S, TA:) meaning, pursue thou the middle course in religious exercises, and burden not thyself, lest thou become disgusted; for the best of works is that which is continued, though it be small. (TA.) حَقٌّ contr. of بَاطِلٌ [used as a subst. and as an epithet or act. part. n.]: (S, Msb, K:) or, as an inf. n. [and used as a simple subst.], contr. of بُطْلَانٌ; and as an act. part. n., and a simple epithet, contr. of بَاطِلٌ. (Kull.) [As a subst.,] its primary signification is Suitableness to the requirements of wisdom, justice, right, or rightness, truth, reality, or fact; or to the exigencies of the case; as the suitableness of the foot of a door in respect of its socket, for turning round rightly: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and particularly] the suitableness of a judgment, and of what involves, or implies, a judgment, [i. e., of a saying, and a religion, and a persuasion, or the like, (as will be shown by one of the explanations of its meanings as an epithet,)] to reality or fact; and the suitableness of reality or fact to a judgment: (Kull:) [the state, or quality, or property, of being just, proper, right, correct, or true; justness, propriety, rightness, correctness, or truth; reality, or fact; the state, &c., of being established, or confirmed, as a truth or fact; of being necessary, requisite, or unavoidable; of being binding, obligatory, incumbent, or due: (as shown above: see 1, first sentence:)] and existence in relation to substances, absolutely: and everlasting existence [in relation to God]: (Kull:) pl. حُقُوقٌ and حِقَاقٌ: it has no pl. of pauc. (TA.) As an act. part. n. and a simple epithet, it is applied to a judgment [as meaning] suitable to reality or fact; and to a saying, and a religion, and a persuasion, considered as involving, or implying, such a judgment: (Kull:) to that which is suitable to the requirements of wisdom, justice, right, or rightness; as when one says that every act of God is حَقّ: to a belief, in a thing, suitable to the reality of the case; as when one says that belief in the resurrection is حَقّ: and to an action, and a saying, accordant to what is requisite or obligatory, in quality and measure and time; as when one says that the action of another is حَقّ, and that his saying is حَقّ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [thus it signifies just, proper, right, correct, or true; authentic, genuine, sound, valid, substantial, or real; established, or confirmed, as a truth or fact: and necessary, requisite, or unavoidable: and binding, obligatory, incumbent, or due:] also the necessarily-existing by his own essence [applied to God; as an epithet of Whom it has other meanings assigned to it by some, as will be seen below]: and anything existing, of an objective kind: (Kull:) existing as an established fact, or truth, (K, TA,) so as to be undeniable. (TA.) In the saying, هٰذَا عَبْدُ اللّٰهِ الحَقَّ لَا البَاطِلَ [This is 'Abd-Allah, truly; not falsely], the article ال is prefixed as it is in the phrase, أَرْسَلَهَا العِرَاكَ; but sometimes it is dropped, so that one says حَقًّا لَا بَاطِلًا. (Sb, TA.) And in the phrase, لَحَقُّ لَا آتِيكَ, a form of oath, the nom. case is used without tenween; but when the ل is dropped, one says, حَقًّا لَا آتِيكَ: (S, TA:) [the latter means Truly I will not come to thee: the former seems to be best explained by what here follows:] accord. to the A, لَحَقُّ لَا أَفْعَلُ is originally لَحَقُّ اللّٰهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ [The truth, or existence, of God is that by which I swear, I will not do such a thing]; the affixed noun [اللّٰه] being suppressed, and meant to be understood. (TA.) الحَقُّ بِيَدِى [The right is mine] and الحَقُّ مَعِى

[The right is with me and الحَقُّ عَلَيْكَ The right is against thee, which last is often used as meaning thou art in fault, or in the wrong,] are said by one disputing, or contending, for a thing. (TA.) [And in like manner one says الحَقُّ بِيَدِكَ and مَعَكَ as meaning Thou art in the right, and الحَقُّ عَلَىَّ as meaning I am in the wrong.] One says also, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عِنْدَ حَقِّ لَقَاحِهَا, and لَقَاحِهَا ↓ حِقِّ (tropical:) That was on the occasion of the establishment of the fact of her conception, or pregnancy. (S, A, K, * TA.) And هٰذَا العَالِمُ حَقَّ العَالِمِ, [like هٰذَا العَالِمُ جِدَّ العَالِمِ,] This is the learned man, the extremely learned man. (Sb, TA.) And حَقُّ عَلِيمٍ meansVery [or extremely] knowing. (Ham p. 139.) [Respecting the expressions الحَقُّ اليَقِينُ and حَقُّ اليَقِينِ, see art. يقن.] b2: [From the primary and general signification, explained in the first sentence of this paragraph, are deduced several particular meanings here following.] b3: Equity, or justice. (K.) b4: [The right mode, or manner, of acting or being.] b5: Veracity (K) in discourse. (TA.) b6: Prudence. (K, TA.) b7: [A right, or due, of any kind: a just claim: a desert, or thing deserved: anything that is owed; as a fee, hire, or pay, and a price: a duty; an obligation:] the sing. of حُقُوقٌ. (S, K.) [You say, هٰذَا حَقِّى

This is my right, or due, &c. And هٰذَا حَقٌّ لِى

This is a right, or due, belonging to me; or a thing due, or owed, to me: or this is a duty to me. And هٰذَا حَقٌّ عَلَىَّ This is a right, or due, the rendering of which is binding, obligatory, or incumbent, on me: or this is my duty. and hence, حَقُّ الطَّرِيقِ The duty that relates to the road: see art. طرق.] ↓ حَقَّةٌ is a more particular, or peculiar, or special, term. (S, K.) You say, ↓ هٰذِهِ حَقَّتِى [This is my particular, or peculiar, or special, right or due &c.: but it is explained as] meaning حَقِّى. (S.) And ↓ هٰذِهِ حِقَّتِى This is my just, or necessary, or incumbent, right or due &c. (K.) b8: A share, or portion; as in the saying, أَعْطِ كُلَّ ذِى حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ Give thou to every one to whom belongs a share, or portion, his share, or portion, that is appointed, or assigned, to him. (TA.) b9: Property: a possession. (K.) b10: [An appertenance. Hence the pl.] حُقُوقٌ signifies The مَرَافِق [or appertenances, or conveniences, such as the privy and the kitchen and the like,] of a house. (Msb, TA.) b11: [A necessary, or requisite, thing.]

b12: A thing, or an event, that is decreed, or destined. (K, TA.) It is said to have this meaning in the Kur [xv. 8], in the words, مَا نُنَزِّلُ المَلَائِكَةَ

إِلَّا بِالحَقِّ [We send not down the angels save with that which is decreed, or destined]: (TA:) or, as some say, it means here revelation: (Ksh, Bd:) or punishment. (Ksh, Bd, Jel.) b13: [And hence,] Death. (K.) So accord. to some in the Kur [1. 18], where it is said, وَ جَآءَتْ سَكْرَةُ المَوْتِ بِالحَقِّ [And the confusion of the intellect by reason of the agony of death shall come with death: but other and obvious meanings are assigned to it in this instance]. (TA.) b14: [As an epithet,] الحَقُّ is one of the names of God: or one of the epithets applied to Him: (K:) meaning the Really-existing; whose existence and divinity are proved to be true: (IAth, TA:) or the Creator according to the requirements of wisdom, justice, right, or rightness. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b15: It is also applied to The Kur-án. (K.) b16: And to [The religion of] El-Islám. (K.) A2: See also حَقِيقٌ, in two places.

A3: And see حَاقٌّ, in two places.

حُقٌّ: see حُقَّةٌ. b2: Also The breast, or mamma, of an old woman. (TA.) b3: A tuber of a truffle. (TA.) b4: The small hollow upon the head of the shoulder-blade: (K:) or, as some say, the حُقّ of the shoulder-blade is the head of the upper arm, in which is the وَابِلَة: (TA:) or this latter is another signification of حُقّ. (K.) b5: The head, (K,) or lower part of the head, (TA,) of the hip, in which is the thigh-bone; (K, TA;) the socket, or turning-place, of the hip. (TA.) b6: The socket, or turning-place, of the foot of a door. (TA.) You say, لَقِيتُهُ عِنْدَ حُقِّ بَابِ المَسْجِدِ, meaning I met him, or found him, near to the mosque: and المَسْجِدِ ↓ لَقِيتُهُ مِنْ حَاقِّ [app. means the same]. (TA.) b7: See also حَاقٌّ, in two places. b8: Also The web of a spider. (Az, K.) حِقٌّ A camel three years old, (S, Mgh,) that has entered the fourth year: (S, Mgh, Msb:) or a camel entering the fourth year: (K:) so called because fit to be laden (S, Msb) and made use of; (S;) or because fit to be ridden; or because fit for covering: (K:) the female is termed ↓ حِقَّةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and حِقٌّ also: (S, K:) the pl. (of حِقٌّ, Msb) is حِقَاقٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and (of حِقَّةٌ, Msb) حِقَقٌ, (Msb, K,) and the pl. pl., (K,) i. e. pl. of حِقَاقٌ, (S,) is حُقُقٌ, (S, K,) and sometimes حَقَائِقُ, (S, TA,) or this is a pl. of حِقَّةٌ. (TA: see 3.) Or [so in the K, but it should rather be “ and,”] حِقٌّ signifies A she-camel whose teeth have fallen out by reason of extreme age. (K.) b2: One says, رَأَيْتَهَا وَ هِىَ حِقَّةٌ as meaning (assumed tropical:) [I saw her when she was] like a she-camel termed حقّة in bigness. (TA.) b3: And [the pl.] حِقَاقٌ is applied to The young ones of trees: (TA:) and particularly of the [species of mimosa termed]

عُرْفُط: (K, TA:) as being likened to the camels termed حقاق. (TA.) A2: Also (tropical:) The time of year in which a she-camel was covered in the preceding year; (S, TA;) and so ↓ حِقَّةٌ: (TA:) or the usual period of her gestation. (L in art. نضج.) You say, أَتَتِ النَّاقَةُ عَلَى حِقِّهَا (tropical:) The she-camel arrived at the time of year in which she had been covered in the preceding year: (S, TA:) and ↓ اتت على حِقَّتِهَا signifies the same; or she completed her period of gestation, and overpassed by some days the time of year in which she had been covered in the preceding year, to complete the formation of the fœtus. (TA.) And جَازَتِ الحِقَّ She (a camel) overpassed the year without bringing forth. (As, S.) [See also the last sentence but one in the explanations of 1 as an intrans. verb.] b2: كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عِنْدَ حِقِّ لَقَاحِهَا: see حَقٌّ حَقَّةٌ: see حَقٌّ, in two places: b2: and حَقِيقَةٌ, also in two places: b3: and حَاقَّةٌ.

حُقَّةٌ A receptacle of wood, (K, TA,) or of ivory, or of some other material proper to be cut, or shaped out; (TA;) a receptacle for perfume; (Har p. 518;) [generally a small round box, used for unguents and perfumes &c.; and applied also to a small cocoa-nut used as a box for snuff &c.;] a thing well known: (S:) [also a receptacle for wine: (see تَأْمُورٌ, in art. امر:)] pl. ↓ حُقٌّ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n., as is indicated in the TA, and it is now used as a sing., like حُقَّةٌ,] and حُقَقٌ, (S, K,) which latter is pl. of حُقَّةٌ, (ISd, TA,) and حِقَاقٌ (S, K) and حُقُوقٌ and [of pauc.] أَحْقَاقٌ, (K,) which three are pls. of حُقٌّ. (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) A woman; (K, TA;) as being likened thereto. (TA.) A2: See also حَاقَّةٌ.

حِقَّةٌ: see هٰذِهِ حِقَّتِى, voce حَقٌّ.

A2: See also حِقٌّ, in three places.

حَقَقٌ, in a horse, The quality of not sweating: (S, * K:) which is a fault. (TA.) b2: And, in a horse also, The putting down the hind hoof in the place [that has just before been that] of the fore hoof: (S, * K:) which is also a fault. (K.) [See أَحَقُّ.]

حُقُقٌ [app. pl. of the act. part. n. حَاقٌّ, like بُزُلٌ pl. of بَازِلٌ, &c.,] Persons who have recently known, or been acquainted with, events, or affairs, good and evil. (TA.) b2: And Persons establishing a claim or claims. (TA.) حَقِيقٌ Adapted, disposed, apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, competent, or worthy; syn. خَلِيقٌ, (Sh, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and جَدِيرٌ; (K;) as also ↓ حَقٌّ, (Ibn- 'Abbád, K,) and [some say] ↓ مَحْقُوقٌ: (Sh, S, Mgh, K:) حَقِيقٌ is said to be of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; but accord. to the A, it is not so, because its fem. is with ة; but is from the supposed verb حَقُقَ, and is like خَلِيقٌ from خَلُقَ, and جَدِيرٌ from جَدُرَ: and ↓ مَحْقُوقٌ signifies [properly] rendered adapted &c.: (TA:) the pl. of حقيق is أَحِقَّآءُ; and that of ↓ محقوق is مَحْقُوقُونَ. (S.) You say, هُوَ حَقِيقٌ بِهِ (Sh, S, Msb, K) and به ↓ مَحْقُوقٌ (Sh, S, K) and به ↓ حَقٌّ (Ibn-'Abbád, K) [He is adapted, &c., for it; or worthy of it]. And to a woman, أَنْتَ حَقِيقَةٌ بِكَذَا (A, TA) and حَقِيقَةٌ لِذٰلِكَ and لِذٰلِكَ ↓ مَحْقُوقَةٌ [Thou art adapted, &c., for such a thing and for that thing; or worthy of it]. (TA.) And أَنْتَ حَقِيقٌ بِأَنْ تَفْعَلَ (A, Mgh) and ↓ مَحْقُوقٌ (A) [Thou art adapted, &c., for thy doing such a thing; or worthy of doing it]. And هُوَ حَقِيقٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا [He is adapted, &c., for his doing such a thing; or worthy to do it]; (S;) in which case, ان is for بِأَنْ. (Mgh.) [And حَقِيقٌ بِكَذَا also signifies Having a right, or just title or claim, to such a thing; entitled to such a thing.] It is said in the Kur [vii. 103], حَقِيقٌ عَلَى أَنْ لَا أَقْولَ عَلَى

اللّٰهِ إِلَّا الحَقَّ, meaning I am disposed [not] to say [of God aught save] the truth: or, as some say, I am vehemently desirous [that I should not say &c.]; for, accord. to Aboo-'Alee, أَنَا حَقِيقٌ عَلَى

كَذَا means I am vehemently desirous of such a thing: but one reading, that of Náfi', is حَقِيقٌ عَلَىَّ أَنْ لَا أَقُولَ, It is binding, or obligatory, or incumbent, on me [that I should not say]. (TA.) حَقِيقَةٌ The essence of a thing as meaning that by being which a thing is what it is; [or that in being which a thing consists;] as when we say that a rational animal is the حقيقة of a human being: (KT:) or that by being which a thing is what it is, considered with regard to its reality, is termed حَقِيقَةٌ: considered with regard to its individuality, هُوِيَّةٌ: and without regard thereto, مَاهِيَّةٌ: (KT, TA:) the ultimate and radical constituent of a thing. (Msb, TA.) b2: [Also The essence of a thing as meaning the property or quality, or the aggregate of properties or qualities, whereby a thing is what it is; the essential property or quality, or the aggregate of the essential properties or qualities, of a thing; that which constitutes the particular and distinguishing nature of a thing or of a genus or species; i. q. ذَاتِيَّةٌ: and] the truth, reality, or true or real nature or state [or circumstances or facts, the very nature, and the gist, and the pith, marrow, or most essential part], of a case, or an affair: pl. حَقَائِقُ: see 3. (TA.) One says, بَلَغَ حَقِيقَةَ الأَمْرِ He arrived at [the knowledge of] the truth, reality, or true or real nature or state [&c.], of the case, or affair. (TA.) and ↓ الحَقَّةُ signifies حَقِيقَةُ الأَمْرِ; (S, K;) as also ↓ الحَاقَّةُ. (TA.) Hence the saying, لَمَّا عَرَفَ مِنِّى هَرَبَ ↓ الحَقَّةَ [When he knew the truth, reality, or true or real nature or state &c., of the case, or affair, from me, he fled]. (S, TA.) And مِنِّى هَرَبَ ↓ لَمَّا رَأَى الحَاقَّةَ [When he saw the truth, &c.]. (TA.) [حَقِيقَةً is often used as meaning In truth, or truly; in reality, or really; and in fact.] You say also, عَرَفْتُهُ حَقِيقَةَ المَعْرِفَةِ [I knew it with reality of knowledge]. (Msb in art. كنه.) And حَقِيقَةُ الإِيمَانِ means Genuine belief or faith; reality of belief or faith. (TA.) [And you say, هٰذَا شَىْءٌ لَا حَقِيقَةَ لَهُ This is a thing having no reality.]

A2: [Also A word, or phrase, used in its proper or original, or in a proper or an original, sense;] that which is constantly used according to its original application; or a name for that whereby is meant what it was [originally] applied to denote; (TA;) contr. of مَجَازٌ: (S, K:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, from حَقَّ الشَّىْءُ signifying ثَبَتَ: the ة is affixed for the conversion of the word from an epithet to a subst.: (TA:) [pl. as above]. [It is also called حَقِيقَةٌ لُغَوِيَّةٌ, and حَقِيقَةٌ لُغَةً; to distinguish it from what is termed حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ, and حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا, which is A word, or phrase, so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper; as, for instance, عَدْلٌ in the sense of “ just; ” it being properly an inf. n.] A مَجَاز, when much used, becomes what is termed حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا. (Mz 24th نوع.) [حَقِيقَةٌ means also A proper (opposed to a tropical) signification.]

A3: الحَقِيقَةُ also signifies (tropical:) That which, or those whom, it is necessary for one, or it behooveth one, to defend, or protect, (S, L, K, TA,) of the people of one's house, (L,) or such as the wife, and the female neighbour, and property, &c.: (Ham p. 181:) pl. as above. (L.) You say, فُلَانٌ حَامِى الحَقِيقَةِ (tropical:) [Such a one is the defender, or protector, of that which, or those whom, it is necessary, &c., to defend, or protect]. (S, TA.) [See also ذِمَارٌ. And see an ex. of this signification, or of the next, in a verse cited in p. 288.] b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The banner, or standard: (S, K, and Ham ubi suprà:) this being included in the preceding meaning. (Ham.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) That which is sacred, or inviolable; that which one is under an obligation to respect, or honour. (TA.) حَقِيقَىٌّ rel. n. of حَقِيقَةٌ, Essential, &c.]

حَقَّانِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الحَقّ as meaning justness, propriety, rightness, correctness, or truth; &c.: and hence just, proper, &c.; like حَقٌّ when used as an epithet: and of, or relating to, الحَقّ as meaning God:] a rel. n. from الحَقُّ, like رَبَّانِىٌّ from الرَّبُّ. (TA.) قَرَبٌ حَقْحَاقٌ [A night-journey to water] made with labour or exertion or haste; (K;) as also هَقْهَاقٌ and قَهْقَاهٌ; and so ↓ مُحَقْحِقٌ. (TA.) [See R. Q. 1.]

حَاقٌّ i. q. صَادِقٌ [as used in the phrase صَادِقُ الحَلَاوَةِ and صَادِقُ الحَمْلَةِ, &c.: see art. صدق]: so in the phrase حَاقٌّ الجُوعِ [Vehement hunger]: (K:) occurring in a trad. of Aboo-Bekr: but accord. to one reading, it is حَاقُ الجُوعِ, without teshdeed to the ق, from حَاقَ بِهِ البَلَآءُ, inf. n. حَيْقٌ and حَاقٌ, “trial, or trouble, beset him; ” and means the besetting of hunger: or it may mean حَائِقُ الجُوعِ [besetting hunger]. (TA.) One says also, رَجُلٌ حَاقُّ الرَّجُلِ and الرَّجُلِ ↓ حَاقَّةُ A man perfect in manliness: and حَاقُّ الشُّجَاعِ and ↓ حَاقَّةُ الشُّجَاعِ perfect in courage. (K, * TA.) And Az relates that he heard an Arab of the desert say, of a mark of mange, or scab, that appeared upon a camel, هٰذَا حَاقُّ صُمَادِحِ الجَرَبِ [This is a most sure, or a truth-telling, evidence of genuine mange, or scab]. (TA.) A2: Also The middle of the head; (S, K;) as also ↓ حَقٌّ: (K:) and of the back of the neck; as also ↓ حُقٌّ: (TA: [thus the latter is there written, in this instance, with damm:]) and of the eye: (TA:) and of a road: (K, * TA:) and of winter. (S.) One says, سَقَطَ عَلَى حَاقِّ رَأْسِهِ (S, K) and رأسه ↓ حَقِّ (K) He fell upon the middle of his head: (S, K:) and على حَاقِّ القَفَا and القفا ↓ حُقِّ upon the middle of the back of the neck. (TA.) And أَصَابَ حَاقَّ عَيْنِهِ He, or it, hit the middle of his eye. (TA.) And رَكِبَ حَاقَّ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road. (K, * TA.) And جِئْتُهُ فِى حَاقِّ الشِّتَآءِ I came to him in the middle of winter. (S.) And لَقِيتُهُ مِنْ حَاقِّ المَسْجِدِ: see حُقٌّ. b2: هُوَ فِى حَاقٍّ مِنْ كَذَا He is in straitness by reason of such a thing. (TA.) حَاقَّةٌ: see حَقِيقَةٌ, in two places. [In the sense in which it is there explained, its pl. is حَوَاقُّ; and so in other senses; agreeably with analogy: see the second of the sentences here following.]

b2: Also A severe calamity or affliction, the happening of which is fixed, or established; and so ↓ حَقَّةٌ; (K;) which signifies also, [according to another explanation,] like ↓ حُقَّةٌ, [simply,] a calamity; or a great, formidable, terrible, or momentous, thing, or event: (Az, K:) and حَاجَةٌ حَاقَّةٌ a want that befalls, or happens, and is severe, or distressing. (Msb.) b3: And الحَاقَّةُ [in the Kur lxix. 1 and 2] means The resurrection: (S, Msb, K:) because in it shall be [manifest] the true natures (حَوَاقّ) of things, or actions; or because in it shall be [or shall happen (Bd)] severe calamities (حَوَاقُّ الأُمُورِ); (Fr, S, Bd, K;) namely, the reckoning and the recompensing: (Bd:) or because in it things shall be surely known (Bd, Jel) which are denied; namely, the raising of the dead, and the reckoning, and the recompensing: (Jel:) or because including within its sphere [all] the created beings. (Msb. [Several other reasons are assigned; but these which I have mentioned appear to be the most generally approved.]) b4: See also حَاقٌّ, in two places.

أَحَقُّ [comparative and superlative of حَقِيقٌ]. You say, هُوَ أَحَقُّ بِكَذَا [He is more, and most, adapted, disposed, apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, or competent, for such a thing; or more, and most, worthy, or deserving, of it: and he has a better, and the best, right to such a thing; or a more just, and the most just, title or claim to it; or he is more, and most, entitled to it]: this phrase is used in two senses: first, as denoting the possession of an exclusive right or title, i. e., without the participation of another; as when you say, زَيْدٌ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ Zeyd is entitled to his property exclusively of any other person: secondly, as denoting the possession of a right or title in participation with another person, but in a superior degree; as in the saying, الأَيِّمُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا, (Msb,) i. e. The woman that has not a husband and is not a virgin [is more entitled to dispose of herself than is her guardian]; (Mgh in art. ايم;) meaning that they participate [in the right], but that her right is the stronger: (Msb:) a saying of Mohammad, in which the ايّم is opposed to the بِكْر, for it is added that the بكر is to be asked her permission: but one reading substitutes الثَّيِّبُ for الايّم. (Mgh ubi suprà.) In the saying, in the Kur [v. 106], لَشَهَادَتُنَا أَحَقُّ مِنْ شَهَادَتِهِمَا, it may be formed from اِسْتَحَقَّ by rejection of the augmentative letters, so that the meaning is, [Verily our testimony is] more deserving of being accepted [than the testimony of them two]: or it may be from حَقَّ الشَّىْءُ signifying ثَبَتَ, and so mean more true, or valid. (TA.) A2: Applied to a horse, That does not sweat. (S, K.) b2: And, likewise thus applied, That puts down his hind hoof in the place [that has just before been that] of his fore hoof. (S, * K.) [See حَقَقٌ.]

مُحِقٌّ Speaking truth; saying what is true; (Msb;) contr. of مُبْطِلٌ: (K:) or revealing, or manifesting, or showing, a truth, or a right or due: or laying claim to a right [or to a thing (see 4)] which is, or becomes, due to him. (Msb.) مُحَقَّقٌ, [in the CK, erroneously, حُقَّق,] applied to speech, or language, (tropical:) Sound, or compact, (S, K, TA,) and orderly. (TA.) b2: And, applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (tropical:) Firmly, or compactly, woven, (S, K, TA,) and figured with the form of حُقَق [pl. of حُقَّةٌ, q. v.]. (TA.) مُحَقِّقٌ is often used as meaning A critical judge in matters of literature.]

مَحْقُوقٌ: see حَقِيقٌ, in six places.

مِحَاقٌّ, applied to cattle, Such as have not brought forth, nor been milked (لَمْ يُحْلَبْنَ [in the CK, erroneously, لم يُجْلَبْنَ]), in the next preceding year: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) or whose first and second milkings are of biestings. (AHát, TA.) طَعْنَةٌ مُحْتَقَّةٌ (in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, مُحَقَّقَةٌ, TA) A thrust, or piercing, in which is no swerving from the right direction. (S, A, O, L, K.) مُحَقْحِقٌ: see حَقْحَاقٌ.