عرب

1 عَرُبَ لِسَانُهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرُوبَةٌ, His tongue [or speech] was, or became, Arabic, (S, O,) or chaste Arabic. (Msb.) b2: See also 4, first sentence, in three places.

A2: عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَبٌ, He (a man) became disordered in the stomach by indigestion. (TA.) And عَرِبَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ, inf. n. as above, His stomach became in a corrupt, or disordered, state, (S, O, Msb, K,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel's hump, (O, TA,) It became swollen and purulent. (O, K, TA.) b3: And, said of a wound, (S, O, K, TA,) It became corrupt: (TA:) or it broke open again; or became recrudescent: (S, O:) or it had a scar remaining after it had healed. (K.) b4: Said of a river, It abounded with water. (K.) and عَرِبَتِ البِئْرُ The well contained much water; or its water became abundant. (K.) b5: And, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَبٌ (O, * K, * TA) and عَرَابَةٌ, said of a man, (TA,) He was, or became, brisk, lively, or sprightly. (K, TA.) A3: عَرَبَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَرْبٌ, (TK,) He ate (O, K) food. (TK.) 2 عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (S,) He (an Arab) arabicized a foreign word; spoke it, or pronounced it, agreeably with the ways of Arabic speech; (S;) as also ↓ اعرب, (S, O, *) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) b2: And He taught another the Arabic language. (TA, from a trad.) b3: See also 4, in fourteen places. b4: The inf. n. signifies also The showing, or declaring, one's saying, (K, TA,) and one's deed, (TA,) to be bad, evil, abominable, or foul. (K, TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He showed him, or declared to him, that his saying, and his deed, was bad, &c.; and upbraided him for it. (TA.) And فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا عَرَّبَ عَلَىَّ أَحَدٌ I did so and so, and no one upbraided me; or charged me with having acted disgracefully. (Az, TA.) And عرّب عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, (S, O,) and قَوْلَهُ, (TA,) He showed him, or declared to him, that his deed was bad, evil, abominable, or foul, (S, O,) and so his saying. (TA.) تَعْرِيبٌ is The saying to a man who has uttered what is foul, or erroneous, “It is not so, but so; ” telling him what is more correct. (Sh, TA.) And The replaying against a speaker; (K, TA;) and so ↓ إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He replied against him, denying or disallowing or disapproving what he said: (S:) or he prevented, hindered, or forbade, him: or he did so, and denied or disallowed or disapproved [what he said or did]. (TA.) [See what next follows.] b5: Also The treating medically, to remove his disease, one whose stomach is in a corrupt, or disordered, state. (O, K. [In both, التَّعْرِيبُ is expl. as meaning تَمْرِيضُ العَرِبِ i. e. الذَّرِبِ المَعِدَةِ. Freytag has strangely rendered the verb as signifying “ ægrotum reddidit aliquem stomachi corruptio. ”]) Az says that التَّعْرِيبُ followed by عَلَى and having for its object him who says what is disapproved may be from this. (TA.) b6: Also The lopping a palm-tree; or pruning it by cutting off some of its branches. (S, O, K. *) b7: And The scarifying a horse or similar beast in the parts of the skin next the hoofs and then cauterizing those parts: (K, TA:) or the cauterizing a horse in several places in those parts, and then gently scarifying them without producing any effect upon the sinews, or tendons, (Az, O, TA,) in order to strengthen the parts, (Az, TA,) or in order that the hair may become strong: (O:) or عرّب الفَرَسَ signifies he made an incision in the bottom of the horse's hoof; and the verb implies that, by this operation, what was concealed becomes apparent to the eye, so that one knows the state of the hoof, whether it be hard or soft, sound or diseased. (L, TA. See also 1 in art. بزغ.) A2: Also, the inf. n., The getting, or procuring for oneself, an Arabian horse. (TA. [See also 4, near the end.]) b2: And The taking, or making, for oneself, an Arabian bow. (O, K.) A3: Also the drinking much clear, or limpid, water, (O, K,) which is termed عَرِب. (O.) A4: عرّب البَقَرَةَ, (K,) or ↓ أَعْرَبَهَا, (O,) He rendered the cow desirous [of copulation]; said of a bull. (O, K.) A5: And عرّب, (Fr, Mgh, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; (Fr, O, K;) and ↓ اعرب, (Fr, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; (Fr, Mgh, K;) and ↓ عَرْبَنَ; (O, and S and K in art. عربن;) He gave what is termed an عُرْبُون (O, Msb, K) or عُرْبَان (Fr, Mgh) [i. e. an earnest], فِى كَذَا [in the case of such a thing], (O,) or فِى بَيْعِهِ [in the case of his purchase]. (Msb.) One says, ↓ أَعْرَبُوا فِى الدَّارِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ They paid in advance, as an earnest, in the case of the house, four hundred [dirhems]. (L, TA.) It is related in a trad. that ↓ الإِعْرَاب in buying and selling is forbidden: (Mgh, O, TA:) this is said by Sh to mean A man's saying to another, If I do not purchase this for so much, thou shalt have such and such of my property. (O, TA.) 3 عَاْرَبَ [The following ex. is given of the inf. n. of this verb.] One says, مَا أُوتِىَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُعَارَبَةِ النِّسَآءِ مَا أُوتِىَ فُلَانٌ, (O,) or مَا أُوتِيتُهُ أَنَا, (TA,) meaning, (O, TA,) app., (TA,) [No one has been given what such a one has been given, or what I have been given, of] the means of coïtus [with women]. (O, TA.) 4 اعرب, (Az, Msb, TA,) [for اعرب الكَلَامَ, like افصح for افصح الكَلَامَ,] inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (A, K,) He spoke clearly, plainly, distinctly, or intel-ligibly, (Az, A, Msb, K, * TA,) in Arabic; (Msb;) as also ↓ تعرّب, and ↓ استعرب; said of a foreigner, or one [previously] not clear, plain, distinct, or intelligible, in speech: (Az, Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرْبٌ and عُرُوبٌ, accord. to Th, and عُرْبَةٌ and عِرَابَةٌ [which accord. to general analogy would be عَرَابَةٌ] and عُرُوبِيَّةٌ; (TA;) or ↓ عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) [likewise] signifies he spoke clearly, plainly, or distinctly, after being barbarous, or vitious, in speech: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ he spoke without incorrectness; (Msb;) and [so اعرب, for] إِعْرَابٌ signifies the committing no error in speech: (K, TA:) and the expressing of meanings clearly, plainly, distinctly, or perspicuously, by words. (TA.) [↓ عرّب, also, has a similar meaning:] it is said in a trad., أَنْ ↓ كَانُوا يَسْتَحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُلَقِّنُوا الصَّبِىَّ حِينَ يُعَرِّبُ يَقُولَ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ (O, TA) i. e. [They used to like teaching the boy,] when he spoke distinctly, or articulately, [to say “ There is no deity but God ” seven times.] (TA.) And one says, اعرب الكَلَامَ, and اعرب بِهِ, meaning He made the speech [that he spoke] clear, plain, distinct, or perspicuous. (TA.) And اعرب بِحُجَّتِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, his argument, plea, allegation, or the like, without fearing any one. (S, O.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الشَّىْءَ and اعربت عَنْهُ, and ↓ عَرَّبْتُهُ and عرّبت عَنْهُ, which last, accord. to Fr, is better than عرّبتهُ and اعربتهُ, I made the thing clear, plain, distinct, or manifest. (Msb.) And اعرب عَمَّا فِى ضَمِيرِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, what was in his mind. (TA.) And اعرب عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ, and ↓ عرّب عنه, His tongue made clear, or plain, or spoke clearly, or plainly, for him: and عَمَّا فِى ↓ يُعَرِّبُ قَلْبِهِ لِسَانُهُ His tongue tells plainly, or declares, what is in his heart. (Az, TA.) It is said in a trad., الثَّيِّبُ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا, (S,) or الأَيِّمُ, and ↓ تُعَرِّبُ, accord. to different relaters, but some say the former only, (Msb,) i. e. [She who has become a widow, or been divorced, &c., or she who has no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or not being a virgin,] shall speak out plainly for herself [when demanded in marriage]: (S, Msb:) or الثَّيِّبُ يُعْرِبُ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا, so accord. to IKt, (O,) or عنها ↓ يُعَرِّبُ, (Mgh, O,) so accord. to A 'Obeyd, but, as IAmb says, both are dial. vars. of which neither is preferable to the other; and the meaning is [she who has become a widow, &c., her tongue] shall declare for her. (O.) One says also, اعرب عَنِ الرَّجُلِ He spoke out, or explained, for the man. (TA.) And عَنِ القَوْمِ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ I spoke for the people, or party; (Fr, S, Mgh, * O, K;) and pleaded for them; (Fr, Mgh, * TA;) as also أَعْرَبْتُ; but the former in this sense is better known. (Mgh.) And اعرب عَنْهُ, and عنه ↓ عرّب, He pleaded his cause. (TA.) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ ↓ عرّب He spoke and pleaded for the object of his want. (A.) b2: اعرب also signifies He was, or became, chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech; although not an Arab. (Msb.) And لَهُ الكَلَامَ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ, inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; as also أَعْرَبْتُ له, inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; I made the speech [that I spoke] clear, or plain, to him, so that there was in it no barbarousness. (TA.) And مَنْطِقَهُ ↓ عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (K,) He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness. (S, O, K.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الحَرْفَ I made the حرف [i. e. word] clear, or plain: or the ا in this case denotes privation, and the meaning is (assumed tropical:) I removed its عرب, [app. ↓ عَرَب, from this word as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.,] i. e. vagueness. (Msb.) And اعرب كَلَامَهُ He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness, in [what is termed] الإِعْرَاب [here meaning what grammarians generally intend thereby, namely, desinential syntax, or the science of the various inflections of words, literal or virtual, by reason of the various governing words]. (S, O.) [اعرب is also used by grammarians as meaning He declined a word; and أُعْرِبَ as meaning It was declined, or declinable; in these senses opposed to بَنَى and بُنِىَ, inf. n. بِنَآءٌ: and the former also as meaning He analyzed grammatically, or parsed, a sentence: and the inf. n. of the verb (act. and pass.) in these senses is إِعْرَابٌ.] b3: See also 2, first sentence: b4: and again in the first third part of the paragraph. b5: إِعْرَابٌ also signifies The making [a person] to revert from, or relinquish, foul speech; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And The speaking foul, or obscene, language; as also ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ, and ↓ اِسْتِعْرَابٌ: (O, K:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K, TA.) One says of a man, اعرب [&c.], (S, O,) or اعرب فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) He spoke foul, or obscene, language. (S, O, Msb.) [Golius and Freytag have assigned this meaning to ↓ تعرّب also: the latter of them as from the S and K; in neither of which do I find it.] b7: And The act of copulating: or the speaking of that act in an oblique, or indirect, manner. (K.) A2: and اعرب, (S, O,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (K,) He had a child born to him of Arabian complexion, or colour. (S, O, K.) b2: And He possessed, or acquired, or sought to acquire, horses, or camels, of pure Arabian race. (TA. [See also 2, in the middle of the latter half; and see مُعْرِبٌ.]) b3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies One's knowing a horse of pure Arabian race from one of mean race by his neighing. (K.) And A horse's being known by his neighing to be of pure Arabian race, free from any admixture of other than Arabian blood: (K, TA:) [or his making himself to be known as such by his neighing; for] اعرب means he (a horse) neighed, and was consequently known to be of Arabian race. (A.) b4: And The making a horse to run. (K.) Accord. to Fr, one says, اعرب عَلَى فَرَسِهِ, meaning He made his horse to run: but he adds that some say اغرب. (O.) A3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies The taking as one's wife a woman such as is termed عَرُوبٌ [q. v.]. (K.) A4: اعرب سَقْىُ القَوْمِ meansThe people's watering [of their camels], having been at one time on alternate days, and another time on the fourth day after that of the next preceding watering, then became, and continued to be, of one uniform way. (S, O.) A5: See also 2, last four sentences.5 تعرّب He assimilated himself to the Arabs. (S.) He (a man not of genuine Arabian descent) introduced himself among the Arabs, and spoke their language, and imitated their manner or appearance; [he became a naturalized, or an insitious, Arab; (see العَرَبُ;)] as also ↓ استعرب. (Az, TA.) b2: He became an Arab of the desert; (S, Mgh;) he returned to the desert, (Az, Mgh, TA,) after he had been dwelling in a region of cities or towns or villages and of cultivated land, and joined himself to the Arabs of the desert. (Az, TA.) Hence, تعرّب بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ He became an Arab of the desert [after his flight, or emigration, for the sake of El-Islám], (S, Mgh,) returning to the desert. (Mgh.) b3: He dwelt, or abode, in the desert. (O, K.) b4: See also 4, first sentence. b5: تَعَرَّبَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا She acted in an amorous manner, or with amorous dalliance, and mani-fested love, to her husband. (A, TA.) b6: Respecting a meaning assigned to تعرّب by Golius and Freytag, see 4, latter half.10 استعرب: see 5: b2: see also 4, first sentence: b3: and the same again in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: استعرب جَرَبًا, said of a camel, He was affected with mange, or scab, which began in his armpits and groins or similar parts, and his lips, and appeared upon the general extent of his skin. (O.) b2: And استعربت, said of a cow, She desired the bull. (O, K.) Q. Q. 1 عَرْبَنَ: see 2, near the end.

عَرْبٌ is syn. with إِعْرَابٌ in the sense of إِفْصَاحٌ [but app. as a subst. (not an inf. n.) meaning Clear, plain, or distinct, speech]. (TA.) b2: and syn. with عِرَابَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) b3: And syn. with عَرَبٌ as [inf. n. of عَرِبَ, and] meaning نَشَاطٌ [i. e. Briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]. (O, K.) العُرْبُ: see العَرَبُ, first sentence.

عِرْبٌ Such as is dried up, of the [species of barley-grass called] بُهْمَى: (S, O, K:) or of any herb, or leguminous plant: n. un. with ة: or عِرْبُ البُهْمَى signifies the prickles of the بُهْمَى. (TA.) العَرَبُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ العُرْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) A certain people, or nation; [the Arabs, or Arabians;] (S, O;) the contr. of العَجَمُ (A, Msb, K, TA) and العُجْمُ; (TA;) the inhabitants of the cities, or large towns, (S, A, O, K,) or of the Arabian cities and towns or villages: (Mgh:) [but now, on the contrary, generally applied to those who dwell in the desert:] or those who have alighted and made their abode in the cultivated regions, and have taken as their homes the Arabian cities and towns or villages, and others also that are related to them: (Az, Msb:) or [accord. to general usage] an appellation of common application [to the whole nation]: (T, K:) [and in the lexicons and lexicological works applied to the desert Arabs of pure speech:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) and العَرَبُ has two pls., namely, العُرُبُ, with two dammehs, and الأَعْرُبُ [which is a pl. of pauc.]: (Msb:) the rel. n. [which serves as a sing.] is ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (S, O, K: [عَرَبٌ عَرَبِىٌّ in the CK is a mistake:]) accord. to Az, (TA,) this appellation is applied to a man of established Arab lineage, even if he be not chaste, or correct, in speech. (Msb, TA.) The dim. of العَرَبُ is ↓ العُرَيْبُ, (S, O,) without ة, (O, TA,) an extr. word [with respect to analogy, as the undiminished noun is fem.]: (TA:) a poet (Abu-l-Hindee, whose name was 'Abd-El-Mu-min, son of 'AbdEl-Kuddoos, O, TA) says, وَمَكْنُ الضِّبَابِ طَعَامُ العُرَيْبِ وَلَا تَشْتَهِيهِ نُفُوسُ العَجَمْ

[And the eggs of dabbs are food of the little Arabs; but the souls of the Foreigners do not desire them]: in which he uses the dim. form to imply respect, or honour, like as it is used in the saying أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ [expl. in art. جذل]. (S, O.) b2: ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ (in which the latter word is used as a corroborative of the former as in لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ, S, O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ (O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ (K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَاتُ (CK [but this I do not find in any other copy of the K]) are appellations of The pure, or genuine Arabs: (S, A, O, K:) or those who spoke the language of Yaarub Ibn-Kahtán; which is the ancient language: (Msb:) and ↓ العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as also ↓ العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ, (S, O, K,) is an appellation of The insititious [or naturalized Arabs]; (K;) those who are not pure, or genuine, Arabs: (S, O:) or those who spoke the language of Ismá'eel [or Ishmael] the son of Ibráheem [or Abraham], i. e., the dialects of El-Hijáz and the parts adjacent thereto: (Msb:) and the appellation of ↓ مُسْتَعْرِبَةٌ is thought by Az to apply [also] to people not of pure Arabian descent, who have introduced themselves among the Arabs, and speak their language, and imitate their manner or appearance. (TA.) [The former division is most reasonably considered as consisting of the extinct tribes ('Ád, Thamood, and others mentioned in what follows); or of these together with the unmixed descendants of Kahtán, whose claims to the appellation of genuine Arabs are held by many to be equally valid: and the latter division, as consisting of those whose origin is referred, through Ma'add and 'Adnán, to Ismá'eel (or Ishmael), whose wife was descended from Kahtán. What I find in the TA, on this subject, is as follows.] The former of these two divisions consisted of nine tribes, descendants of Irem [or Aram] the son of Sám [or Shem] the son of Nooh [or Noah]; namely, 'Ád, Thamood, Umeiyim, 'Abeel, Tasm, Jedees, 'Imleek [or Amalek], Jurhum, and Webári; and from them Ismá'eel [or Ishmael is said to have] learned the Arabic language: and the ↓ مُتَعَرِّبَة are [said to be] the descendants of Ismá'eel, the descendants of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán the son of Udd: so says Abu-l-Khattáb Ibn-Dihyeh, surnamed Dhun-Nesebeyn: or the former division consisted of seven tribes, namely, 'Ád, Thamood, 'Imleek, Tasm, Jedees, Umeiyim, and Jásim; the main portion of whom has become extinct, some remains of them, only, being scattered among the [existing] tribes: so says IDrd: and the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ is also given to the descendants of Yaarub the son of Kahtán [only]. (TA.) [It should be observed, however, that the appellation of ↓ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ is, by those who hold the extinct tribes above mentioned as the only genuine Arabs, applied to the unmixed descendants of Kahtán; and ↓ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, to those who are held to be the descendants of Ismá'eel: thus in the Mz, 1st نوع.

Also, it should be observed that the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبِةُ, in the conventional language of Arabic lexicology, is often applied to the Arabs of the classical ages, and the later Arabs of the desert who retained the pure language of their ancestors, indiscriminately: it is thus applied by writers quoted in the Mz (1st نوع) to all the descendants of Kahtán, and those of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán (through whom all the descendants of Ismá'eel trace their ancestry) who lived before the corruption, among them, of the Arabic language.] b3: ↓ الأَعْرَابُ is the appellation given to Those [Arabs] who dwell in the desert; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) such as go about in search of herbage and water; and Az adds, whether of the Arabs or of their freedmen: he says that it is applied to those who alight and abide in the desert, and are neighbours of the dwellers in the desert, and journey, or migrate, with them, to seek after herbage and water: (Msb:) it is not a pl. of العَرَبُ, not being like الأَنْبَاطُ, which is pl. of النَّبَطُ; (S, O;) but is a [coll.] gen. n.: (S:) الأَعَارِيبُ occurs as its pl. (S, O, K) in chaste poetry: (S:) it has no sing. [properly so termed]: (K:) the rel. n. is ↓ أَعْرَابِىٌّ, (S, O,) which is applied to single person; (Msb;) as also بَدَوِىٌّ: (TA:) Az says, if one say to an أَعْرَابِىّ, يَا عَرَبِىُّ, he is pleased; and if one say to an عَرَبِىّ, يَا أَعْرَابِىُّ, he is angry. (TA.) b4: Authors differ as to the cause why the عَرَب were thus called: some say, because of the perspicuity of their speech, from إِعْرَابٌ: others, that they were so called from Yaarub the son of Kahtán, who is said to have been the first that spoke the Arabic language; his original language having been, as asserted by IDrd, [what the Arabs term] Syriac; though some say that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the Arabic language; and some, that Yaarub was the first that spoke Arabic, and that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the pure Arabic of El-Hijáz, in which the Kur-án was revealed: others say that the عَرَب were so called from العَرَبَةُ, the name of a tract near El-Medeeneh, or a name of Mekkeh and the adjacent region, where Ismá'eel settled, or the same as Tihámeh [as is said in the Mgh, in which this is pronounced to be the most correct derivation], or the general name of the peninsula of Arabia, which is also called العَرَبَاتُ [as is said in the Msb]: but some say that they were so called in like manner as were the فُرْس and the رُوم and the تُرْك and others, not after the name of a land or other than a land, but by the coining of the name, not a term expressive of a quality or a state or condition &c. (TA.) [If the country were called العَرَبَةُ, an inhabitant thereof might be called, agreeably with analogy, عَرَبِىٌّ; and then, the people collectively, العَرَبُ: but I think that the most probable derivation is from the old Hebrew word

עְרֶב, meaning “ a mixed people,”

which the Arabs assert themselves to have been, almost from the first; and in favour of this derivation it may be reasonably urged that the old Himyeritic language agrees more in its vocabulary with the Hebrew and Phœnician than it does with the classical and modern Arabic.]

A2: See also عَرَبَةٌ.

A3: And see عَرِبٌ.

A4: [It also app. signifies (assumed tropical:) Vagueness (considered as an unsoundness) in a word; from the same as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.:] see 4, latter half.

عَرِبٌ [part. n. of عَرِبَ, q. v.: as such signifying] Having the stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state. (O, K.) And مَعِدَةٌ عَرِبَةٌ A stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S, O, TA,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ عَرَبٌ, (O, K,) the former of which is the more common, (TA,) and ↓ عُرْبُبٌ, (O, K,) Abundant water, (O, K,) such as is clear, or limpid. (K.) And نَهْرٌ عَرِبٌ (TA) and ↓ عَارِبٌ and ↓ عَارِبَةٌ (K) A river containing abundance of water. (K, TA.) And بِئْرٌ عَرِبَةٌ A well containing much water. (K.) b3: عَرِبَةٌ applied to a woman: see عَرُوبٌ, in four places. b4: العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ and العَرِبَاتُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter.

عَرْبَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ.

عَرَبَةٌ A river that flows with a vehement, or strong, current. (S, O, K.) A2: And i. q. نَفْسٌ [The soul, mind, or self]. (S, O, K.) [It is thought to occur in a pl. sense, without ة, as a coll. gen. n., in the following sense, quoted in the S immediately after the explanation above.] A poet says, (S,) namely, Ibn-Meiyádeh, (O,) لَمَّا أَتَيْتُكَ أَرْجُو فَضْلَ نَائِلِكُمْ

↓ نَفَحْتَنِى نَفَحَةً طَابَتْ لَهَا العَرَبُ [When I came to thee, hoping for the redundance of your bounty, thou gavest me a gift with which the souls were pleased]: (S, O:) thus related by some, and expl. as meaning طَابَتْ لَهَا النُّفُوسُ: but the [approved] relation is, طَارَتْ بِهَا العَرَبُ [(assumed tropical:) which the Arabs made to fly upon the wings of fame], i. e. حَدَّثَتِ العَرَبُ النَّاسَ بِهَا [meaning (assumed tropical:) of which the Arabs talked to the people]. (O.) A3: Also sing. of عَرَبَاتٌ (TA) which is the name of Certain stationary vessels that used to be in the Tigris. (K, TA.) b2: [As meaning A wheel-carriage of any kind (which is commonly called in Egypt عَرَبِيَّة) it is post-classical.]

العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter: and see عَرْبَانُ.

عُرْبُبٌ: see عَرِبٌ.

عَرَبِىٌّ; and العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter. b2: لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِيًّا, (Mgh, O, K, TA,) in a trad., or, as some relate it, ↓ العَرَبِيَّةَ, (TA,) means Engrave not on your signets مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ; (Mgh, O, K, TA;) because this was engraved on the Prophet's own signet: (O, TA:) as though he had said, نَبِيًّا عَرَبِيًّا [an Arabian prophet]; meaning himself. (O, K, TA.) Omar said, ↓ لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمُ العَرَبِيَّةَ [Engrave not on your signets Arabic]: and Ibn-'Omar disapproved of engraving on a signet words from the Kur-án. (Mgh, * O, TA.) [عَرَبِىُّ الوَجْهِ often occurs in post-classical works as meaning Having an Arab face; i. e. long-faced; opposed to تُرْكِىُّ الوَجْهِ.] b3: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A white barley, the ears of which are bifurcate [so I render, agreeably with the TK, سُنْبُلُهُ حَرْفَانِ]: (K, TA:) it is wide, and its grain is large, larger than the grain of the barley of El-'Irak, and it is the best of barley. (TA.) العَرَبِيَّةُ The Arabic language; (S, TA;) the language of the Kur-án. (Msb.) Katádeh says that the tribe of Kureysh used to cull, or select, what was most excellent in the dialects of the Arabs, [in the doing of which they were aided by the confluence of pilgrims from all parts of the country,] so that their dialect became the most excellent of all, and the Kur-án was therefore revealed in that dialect. (TA.) See also عَرَبِىٌّ, in two places. b2: And see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرْبَانُ [written in the TA without any syll. signs, but it is app. thus, fem. عَرْبَآءُ (like حَيْرَآءُ fem. of حَيْرَانُ), whence, probably, the appellation ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ,] A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech: so in the Towsheeh. (TA.) [See also عَرِيبٌ.]

عُرْبَانٌ and عُرُبَّانٌ: see what next follows.

عَرَبُونٌ and عُرْبُونٌ and ↓ عُرْبَانٌ (Mgh, * O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُبَّانٌ, mentioned on the authority of Ibn-Es-Seed, as of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and عَرْبُونٌ, mentioned by AHei, but this last is a vulgar word, and is disallowed by Lb; (TA;) as also أَرَبُونٌ and أُرْبُونٌ and أُرْبَانٌ; (Mgh, * Msb, K;) [An earnest, or earnest-money;] a portion of the price, whereby a bargain is ratified; (K, TA;) a thing that is paid by the purchaser of a commodity, (Mgh, O, Msb,) or by the hirer of a thing, (Msb,) on the condition that if the sale (Mgh, O, Msb) or hire (Msb) have effect, it shall be reckoned as part of the price, and otherwise shall not be reclaimed; (Mgh, O, Msb;) called by the vulgar رَبُون: (O:) it is forbidden in a trad., (Mgh, O, TA,) and by most of the lawyers, but allowed by some: (TA:) عربون is said by As to be a foreign word arabicized, (Msb,) and so say many authors; though it is said by some of the expositors of the Fs to be from التَّعْرِيبُ signifying “ the making clear, plain,” &c.; اربون being also derived from أُرْبَةٌ signifying “ a knot: ” (TA:) and [it is said that] the ن in عربون and عربان may be augmentative or radical, because one says أَعْرَبَ فِى كَذَا and عَرْبَنَ. (O.) b2: [Hence,] أَلْقَى عَرَبُونَهُ (assumed tropical:) He ejected his excrement, or ordure. (O, K, TA.) عِرْبِيَآءُ: see عَرُوبَآءُ.

عَرَابٌ The fruit of the species of tree called خَزَم [q. v.], of the bark of which [tree] ropes are made: (O, K, TA:) [beads which are used in prayer are made thereof, (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees,) i. e., of the berries thus called, and] it [the fruit] is eaten by the apes, or monkeys, and sometimes, in a case of hunger, by men: n. un. with ة. (O, TA.) خَيْلٌ عِرَابٌ Horses of pure Arabian race; (Mgh, K;) opposed to بَرَاذِينُ; (S, O, Msb;) also termed ↓ أَعْرُبٌ and ↓ مُعْرِبَةٌ, (K,) which last [erroneously written in the CK مَعْرِبَةٌ] is fem. of مُعْرِبٌ, signifying a horse having no strain of admixture of other than Arabian blood: (Ks, S, O:) one of such horses is [also] termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (Mgh, Msb:) by the pl. عِرَابٌ, they distinguish beasts from human beings. (Mgh.) b2: And إِبِلٌ عِرَابٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ أَعْرُبٌ (TA) Camels of pure Arabian race: (K;) opposed to بَخَاتِىٌّ. (S, O, Msb.) b3: And بَقَرٌ عِرَابٌ A goodly sort of oxen, of generous race, with short and fine hair, smooth, or sleek, (Msb,) having even backs, and thick hoofs and hides: one of which is termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA voce دَرَبَانِيَّةٌ.) عَرُوبٌ A woman who manifests love to her husband; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) and is obedient to him; (IAar, TA;) as also ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ: (TA:) and (so in the O and TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman disobedient to her husband; (IAar, O, K, TA;) unfaithful to him by unchastity; corrupt in her mind: (IAar, O, TA:) as though having two contr. meanings; [the latter meaning] from عَرْب [a mistranscription for عَرَب] signifying

“ corruptness ” of the stomach: (O:) or who loves him passionately, or excessively: or who manifests love to him, evincing passionate, or excessive, desire: [lit., evincing that; meaning what is expressed by the words immediately preceding it; for otherwise this last explanation would be the same as the first; and as I have rendered it, it is nearly the same as an explanation in the Expos. of the Jel (lvi. 36), manifesting love to her husband, by reason of passionate, or excessive, desire:] (K:) and (so in the TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman who is a great laugher: and ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signify the same: (K:) the pl. of the first is عُرُبٌ (S, O, K) and عُرْبٌ; (TA;) and the pl. of ↓ عَرِبَةٌ is عَرِبَاتٌ: (K:) IAth says that ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signifies a woman who is eager for play, or sport: and عُرُبٌ, he adds, is pl. of ↓ عَرِيبٌ, which signifies a woman of goodly person, who manifests love to her husband: and it is also said that عُرُبٌ signifies women who use amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettish boldness, with feigned coyness or opposition: or who make a show of, or act with, lasciviousness: or passionately loving: and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ and عَرُوبٌ, accord. to Lh, signify a woman passionately loving, and lascivious. (TA.) عَرِيبٌ i. q. ↓ مُعْرِبٌ, which means, accord. to Az, A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] مَا بِالدَّارِ عَرِيبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْرِبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) There is not in the house any one: (S, O, K:) used [in this sense] as applying to either sex, but only in a negative phrase. (TA.) b3: See also عَرُوبٌ, latter half.

العُرَيْبُ: see العَرَبُ (of which it is the dim.), second sentence.

عَرَابَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ. b2: Also Coïtus. (TA.) A2: And A bag with which the udder of a sheep, or goat, is covered: pl. عَرَابَاتٌ. (IAar, O, K.) عِرَابَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَرَابَةٌ (O, TA) and ↓ عَرْبَةٌ (O) or ↓ عَرْبٌ (TA) Foul, or obscene, speech or talk; (S, O, K, TA;) like إِعْرَابٌ and تَعْرِيبٌ. (K.) عَرُوبَةٌ: see عَرُوبٌ, in two places.

A2: عَرُوبَةُ (O, K) and العَرُوبَةُ (K) and (O) يَوْمُ العَرُوبَةِ (S, O) Friday; (S, O, K;) and ancient name of that day (S, O, TA) in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) accord. to some, it is most chastely without the article; (TA;) thus it occurs in old poetry of the Time of Ignorance; (O;) and it is thought to be not Arabic; (TA;) and said to be arabicized from the Nabathæan أَرُبَا: (Har p. 340, q. v.:) accord. to others, the article is inseparable from it; and its meaning, accord. to Ibn-En-Nahhás is the manifest and magnified, from أَعْرَبَ “ he made clear, plain,” &c.; or accord. to an authority cited in the R, its meaning is mercy. (TA.) [See art. ابجد.]

عُرُوبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ عُرُوبِيَّةٌ (K) The quality of being Arabian: (S, K, TA:) each [said to be] an inf. n. having no verb. (TA. [But see عَرُبَ at the commencement of this art. and under أَعْرَبَ.]) And ↓ عَرَبِيَّةٌ is used [in the same sense] as denoting the quality of a horse such as is termed عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA.) عَرُوبَآءُ a name of The seventh heaven: (IAth, K, TA:) or, accord. to Sub, it is ↓ عِرْبِيَآءُ, corresponding to جِرْبِيَآءُ, which is a name of “ the seventh earth; ” (TA in this art.;) or these two words are with the article ال. (TA in art. جرب.) عُرُوبِيَّةٌ: see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرَّابٌ One who makes عَرَابَات (pl. of عَرَابَةٌ) i. e. bags to cover the udders of sheep or goats. (IAar, O, K.) عَرَبْرَبٌ i. q. سُمَّاقٌ [i. e. Sumach]. (O, TA.) قِدْرٌ عَرَبْرَبِيَّةٌ i. q. سُمَّاقِيَّةٌ [app. meaning A cooking-pot in which food prepared with sumach is cooked]. (O.) عَارِبٌ and عَارِبَةٌ: see عَرِبٌ. b2: العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, in two places.

أَعْرَبُ More, or most, distinct or plain [&c.]. (TA.) الأَعْرُبُ is a pl. of العَرَبُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

الأَعْرَابُ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

أَعْرَابِىٌّ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

مُعْرِبٌ: see عَرِيبٌ, in two places: b2: and see عِرَابٌ. b3: Also One who has horses of pure Arabian race: (S, O:) one who has with him a horse of such race: and one who possesses, or acquires, or seeks to acquire, horses, or camels, of such race. (TA.) اسْمٌ مُعَرَّبٌ [An arabicized noun;] a noun received by the Arabs from foreigners, indeterminate, [i. e. significant of a meaning, (as is said in the Mz, 19th نوع,)], such as إِبْرِيسَم [meaning “ silk ”], and, if possible, accorded to some one of the forms of Arabic words; otherwise, spoken by them as they received it; and sometimes they derived from it: but if they received it as a proper name, it is not termed مُعَرَّبٌ, but أَعْجَمِىٌّ, like إِبْرَاهِيمُ and إِسْحَاقُ. (Msb.) [مُعَرَّبٌ alone is also used in this sense, as a subst: and as such its pl. is مُعَرَّبَاتٌ: thus in the Mz, ubi suprà; and often in lexicons &c.]

العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ and see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

الكَعْبَةُ:
بيت الله الحرام، قال ابن عباس: لما كان العرش على الماء قبل أن يخلق الله السموات بعث ريحا فصفقت الماء فأبرزت عن خسفة في موضع البيت كأنها قبّة فدحا الأرض من تحتها فمادت فأوتدها بالجبال، الخسفة واحدة الخسف: تنبت في البحر نباتا، وقد جاء في الأخبار: أن أول ما خلق الله في الأرض مكان الكعبة ثم دحا الأرض من تحتها فهي سرّة الأرض ووسط الدنيا وأمّ القرى أولها الكعبة وبكّة حول مكة وحول مكة الحرم وحول الحرم الدنيا، وحدث أبو العباس القاضي أحمد ابن أبي أحمد الطبري حدثني المفضّل بن محمد بن إبراهيم حدثنا الحسن بن علي الحلواني حدثنا الحسين ابن إبراهيم ومحمد بن جبير الهاشمي قال: حدثني حمزة بن عتبة عن جعفر بن محمد بن علي بن الحسين ابن علي بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، قال: إن أول خلق هذا البيت أن الله عز وجل قال للملائكة: إني جاعل في الأرض خليفة، قالت الملائكة: أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء ونحن نسبّح بحمدك ونقدّس لك؟ قال: إني أعلم ما لا تعلمون، ثم غضب عليهم فأعرض عنهم فطافوا بعرش الله سبعا كما يطوف الناس بالبيت الحرام وبقوا يسترضونه من غضبه يقولون: لبيك اللهم لبيك ربنا معذرة إليك نستغفرك ونتوب إليك، فرضي عنهم وأوحى إليهم أن ابنوا لي في الأرض بيتا يطوف به من عبادي من
أغضب عليه فأرضى عنه كما رضيت عنكم، قال أبو الحسين: ثم أقبل عليّ حمزة بن عتبة الهاشمي فقال:
يا ابن أخي لقد حدثتك والله حديثا لو ركبت فيه إلى العراق لكنت قد اعتفت، وأما صفته فذكر البشّاري وقال: هو في وسط المسجد الحرام مربع الشكل بابه مرتفع عن الأرض نحو قامة عليه مصراعان ملبسان بصفائح الفضة قد طليت بالذهب مقابلا للمشرق، وطول المسجد الحرام ثلاثمائة ذراع وسبعون ذراعا، وعرضه ثلاثمائة وخمسة عشر ذراعا، وطول الكعبة أربعة وعشرون ذراعا وشبر، وعرضها ثلاثة وعشرون ذراعا وشبر، وذرع دور الحجر خمسة وعشرون ذراعا، وذرع الطواف مائة ذراع وسبعة أذرع، وسمكها في السماء سبعة وعشرون ذراعا، والحجر من قبل الشام فيه يقلب الميزاب شبه الأندر قد ألبست حيطانه بالرخام مع أرضه ارتفاعها حقو ويسمونه الحطيم، والطواف من ورائه ولا يجوز الصلاة إليه، والحجر الأسود على الركن الشرقي عند الباب على لسان الزاوية في مقدار رأس الإنسان ينحني إليه من قبّله يسيرا، وقبة زمزم تقابل الباب والطواف بينهما ومن ورائهما قبة الشراب فيها حوض كان يسقى فيه السويق والسكر قديما، ومقام إبراهيم، عليه السلام، بإزاء وسط البيت الذي فيه الباب وهو أقرب إلى البيت من زمزم يدخل في الطواف أيام الموسم، عليه صندوق حديد طوله أكثر من قامة مكسوّ ويرفع المقام في كل موسم إلى البيت فإذا ردّ جعل عليه صندوق خشب له باب يفتح أوقات الصلاة فإذا سلّم الإمام استلمه ثم أغلق الباب، وفيه أثر قدم إبراهيم، عليه السّلام، مخالفة، وهو أسود وأكبر من الحجر الأسود، وقد فرش الطواف بالرمل والمسجد بالحصى وأدير على صحنه أروقة ثلاثة على أعمدة رخام حملها المهدي من الإسكندرية في البحر إلى جدّة، قال وهب بن منبّه: لما أهبط الله عز وجل آدم، عليه السّلام، من الجنة إلى الأرض حزن واشتدّ بكاؤه عليها فعزّاه الله بخيمة من خيامها فجعلها له بمكة في موضع الكعبة قبل أن تكون الكعبة وكانت ياقوتة حمراء، وقيل درّة مجوّفة من جوهر الجنة فيها قناديل من ذهب، ونزل معها الركن يومئذ وهو ياقوتة بيضاء وكان كرسيّا لآدم، فلما كان في زمن الطوفان رفع ومكثت الأرض خرابا ألفي سنة أعني موضع البيت حتى أمر الله نبيّه إبراهيم أن يبنيه فجاءت السكينة كأنها سحابة فيها رأس يتكلم فبنى هو وإسماعيل البيت على ما ظلّلته ولم يجعلا له سقفا وحرس الله آدم والبيت بالملائكة، فالحرم مقام الملائكة يومئذ، وقد روي أن خيمة آدم لم تزل منصوبة في مكان البيت إلى أن قبض فلما قبض رفعت فبنى بنوه في موضعها بيتا من الطين والحجارة ثم نسفه الغرق فغيّر مكانه حتى بعث الله إبراهيم، عليه السّلام، فحفر قواعده وبناه على ظل الغمامة، فهو أول بيت وضع للناس كما قال الله عز وجل، وكان الناس قبله يحجون إلى مكة وإلى موضع البيت حتى بوّأ الله مكانه لإبراهيم لما أراد الله من عمارته وإظهاره دينه وشعائره فلم يزل البيت منذ أهبط آدم إلى الأرض معظّما محرّما تناسخه الأمم والملل أمّة بعد أمّة وملة بعد ملة، وكانت الملائكة تحجه قبل آدم، فلما أراد إبراهيم بناءه عرج به إلى السماء فنظر إلى مشارق الأرض ومغاربها وقيل له اختر، فاختار موضع مكة، فقالت الملائكة: يا خليل الله اخترت موضع مكة وحرم الله في الأرض، فبناه وجعل أساسه من سبعة أجبل، ويقال من خمسة أو من أربعة، وكانت الملائكة تأتي بالحجارة إلى إبراهيم
من تلك الجبال، وروي عن مجاهد أنّه قال: أسّس إبراهيم زوايا البيت من أربعة أحجار: حجر من حراء وحجر من ثبير وحجر من طور وحجر من الجودي الذي بأرض الموصل وهو الذي استقرّت عليه سفينة نوح، وروي أن قواعده خلقت قبل الأرض بألفي سنة ثمّ بسطت الأرض من تحت الكعبة، وعن قتادة: بنيت الكعبة من خمسة جبال من طور سيناء وطور زيتا وأحد ولبنان وثبير وجعلت قواعدها من حراء وجعل إبراهيم طولها في السماء سبعة أذرع وعرضها في الأرض اثنين وثلاثين ذراعا من الركن الأسود إلى الركن الشمالي الذي عنده الحجر، وجعل ما بين الركن الشامي إلى الركن الذي فيه الحجر اثنين وثلاثين ذراعا، وجعل طول ظهرها من الركن العراقي إلى الركن اليماني أحدا وثلاثين ذراعا، وجعل عرض شقّها اليماني من الركن الأسود إلى الركن اليماني عشرين ذراعا، ولذلك سميت الكعبة لأنّها مكعبة على خلق الكعب، وقيل: التكعيب التربيع، وكلّ بناء مربع كعبة، وقيل: سميت لارتفاع بنائها، وكلّ بناء مرتفع فهو كعبة، ومنه كعب ثدي الجارية إذا علا في صدرها وارتفع، وجعل بابها في الأرض غير مبوّب حتى كان تبّع الحميري هو الذي بوّبها وجعل عليها غلقا فارسيّا وكساها كسوة تامة، ولما فرغ إبراهيم من البناء أتاه جبرائيل، عليه السّلام، فقال له: طف، فطاف هو وإسماعيل سبعا يستلمان الأركان، فلمّا أكملا صلّيا خلف المقام ركعتين وقام معه جبرائيل وأراه المناسك كلّها الصّفا والمروة ومنى ومزدلفة، فلمّا دخل منى وهبط من العقبة مثل له إبليس عند جمرة العقبة فقال له جبرائيل: ارمه، فرماه بسبع حصيات فغاب عنه ثمّ برز له عند الجمرة الوسطى، فقال له جبرائيل: ارمه، فرماه بسبع حصيات فغاب عنه ثمّ برز له عند الجمرة السفلى، فقال له جبرائيل:
ارمه، فرماه بسبع حصيات مثل حصى الخذف ثم مضى وجبرائيل يعلمه المناسك حتى انتهى إلى عرفات، فقال له: أعرفت مناسكك؟ فقال له إبراهيم: نعم، فسميت عرفات لذلك، ثمّ أمره أن يؤذن في المسلمين بالحج، فقال: يا ربّ وما يبلغ من صوتي! فقال الله عزّ وجل: أذّن وعليّ البلاغ، فعلا على المقام فأشرف به حتى صار أعلى الجبال وأشرفها وجمعت له الأرض يومئذ سهلها وجبلها وبرّها وبحرها وجنها وإنسها حتى أسمعهم جميعا وقال: يا أيها الناس كتب عليكم الحجّ إلى بيت الله الحرام فأجيبوا ربكم فمن أجابه ولبّاه فلا بدّ له من أن يحجّ ومن لم يجبه لا سبيل له إلى ذلك، وخصائص الكعبة كثيرة وفضائلها لا تحصى ولا يسع كتابنا إحصاء الفضائل، وليست أمّة في الأرض إلّا وهم يعظّمون ذلك البيت ويعترفون بقدمه وفضله وأنّه من بناء إبراهيم حتى اليهود والنصارى والــمجوس والصابئة، وقد قيل إن زمزم سميت بزمزمة اليهود والــمجوس، فأما الصابئون فهو بيت عبادتهم لا يفخرون إلّا به ولا يتعبّدون إلّا بفضله، قالوا: وبقيت الكعبة على ما هي عليه غير مسقفة فكان أوّل من كساها تبّع لما أتى به مالك بن العجلان إلى يثرب وقتل اليهود، في قصة ذكرتها في كتابي المسمى بالمبدإ والمآل في التاريخ، فمرّ بمكّة فأخبر بفضلها وشرفها فكساها الخصف، وهي حصر من خوص النخل، ثم رأى في المنام أن اكسها أحسن من هذا، فكساها الأنطاع، فرأى في المنام أن اكسها أحسن من ذلك، فكساها المعافر والوصائل، والمعافر: ثياب يمانية تنسب إلى قبيلة من همدان يقال لهم المعافر، اسم الثياب والقبيلة والموضع الذي تعمل فيه واحد، وربّما قيل لها المعافرية، وثوب
معافري يتصرّف في النسبة ولا يتصرّف في المفرد لأنّه على زنة الجمع ثالثة ألف، ونسب إلى الجمع لأنّه صار بمنزلة المفرد سمي به مفرد، وكان أوّل من حلّى البيت عبد المطّلب لما حفر بئر زمزم وأصاب فيه من دفن جرهم غزالين من ذهب فضربهما في باب الكعبة، فلمّا قام الإسلام كساها عمر بن الخطّاب، رضي الله عنه، القباطي ثم كساها الحجاج الديباج الخسرواني، ويقال يزيد بن معاوية، وبقيت على هيئتها من عمارة إبراهيم، عليه السّلام، إلى أن بلغ نبينا، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، خمسا وثلاثين سنة من عمره جاء سيل عظيم فهدمها وكان في جوفها بئر تحرز فيها أموالها وما يهدى إليها من النذور والقربان فسرق رجل يقال له دويك ما كان فيها أو بعضه فقطعت قريش يده واجتمعوا وتشاوروا وأجمعوا على عمارتها، وكان البحر رمى بسفينة بجدّة فتحطّمت فأخذوا خشبها فاستعانوا به على عمارتها، وكان بمكّة رجل قبطيّ نجار فسوّى لهم ذلك وبنوها ثمانية عشر ذراعا، فلمّا انتهوا إلى موضع الركن اختصموا وأراد كلّ قوم أن يكونوا هم الذين يضعونه في موضعه، وتفاقم الأمر بينهم حتى تواعدوا للقتال، ثمّ تحاجزوا وتناصفوا على أن يجعلوا بينهم أول طالع يطلع من باب المسجد يقضي، فخرج عليهم النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فاحتكموا إليه فقال: هلمّوا ثوبا، فأتي به فوضع الركن فيه ثمّ قال: لتأخذ كلّ قبيلة بناحية من الثوب ثمّ ليرفعوا، حتى إذا رفعوه إلى موضعه أخذ النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، الحجر بيده فوضعه في الركن، فرضوا بذلك وانتهوا عن الشرور، ورفعوا بابها عن الأرض مخافة السيل وأن لا يدخل فيها إلّا من أحبّوا، وبقوا على ذلك إلى أيّام عبد الله بن الزبير فحدّثته عائشة، رضي الله عنها، قالت: سألت النبيّ، صلى الله عليه وسلّم، عن الحجر أمن البيت هو؟ قال: نعم، قالت: قلت فما بالهم لم يدخلوه في البيت؟ قال:
إنّ قومك قصّرت بهم النفقة، قلت: فما شأن بابه مرتفعا؟ قال: فعل ذلك قومك ليدخلوا من شاءوا ويمنعوا من شاءوا، ولولا قومك حديثو عهد في الإسلام فأخاف أن تنكر قلوبهم لنظرت أن أدخل الحجر في البيت وأن ألزق بابه بالأرض، فأدخل ابن الزبير عشرة مشايخ من الصحابة حتى سمعوا ذلك منها ثمّ أمر بهدم الكعبة، فاجتمع إليه الناس وأبوا ذلك فأبى إلّا هدمها، فخرج الناس إلى فرسخ خوفا من نزول عذاب وعظم ذلك عليهم ولم يجر إلّا الخير، وذكر ابن القاضي عن مجاهد قال: لما أراد ابن الزبير أن يهدم البيت ويبنيه قال للناس: اهدموا، فأبوا وخافوا أن ينزل العذاب عليهم، قال مجاهد:
فخرجنا إلى منى فأقمنا بها ثلاثا ننتظر العذاب، وارتقى ابن الزبير على جدار الكعبة هو بنفسه فهدم البيت، فلمّا رأوا أنّه لم يصبه شيء اجترؤوا على هدمه وبناها على ما حكت عائشة وتراجع الناس، فلمّا قدم الحجّاج تحرّم ابن الزبير بالكعبة فأمر بوضع المنجنيق على أبي قبيس وقال: ارموا الزيادة التي ابتدعها هذا المتكلّف، فرموا موضع الحطيم، فلمّا قتل ابن الزبير وملك الحجاج ردّ الحائط كما كان قديما وأخذ بقية الأحجار فسدّ منها الباب الغربي ورصف بقيتها في البيت حتى لا تضيع، فهي إلى الآن على ذلك، وقال تبّع لما كسا البيت:
وكسونا البيت الذي حرّم اللّ ... هـ ملاء معضّدا وبرودا
وأقمنا به من الشهر عشرا، ... وجعلنا لبابه إقليدا
وخرجنا منه نؤمّ سهيلا ... قد رفعنا لواءنا المعقودا
ويقال إنّ أوّل من كساه الديباج يزيد بن معاوية، ويقال عبد الله بن الزبير، ويقال عبد الملك بن مروان، وأوّل من خلّق الكعبة عبد الله بن الزبير، وقال ابن جريج: معاوية أوّل من طيّب الكعبة بالخلوق والمجمر وإحراق الزيت بقناديل المسجد من بيت مال المسلمين، ويروى عن عليّ بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، أنّه قال: خلق الله البيت قبل الأرض بأربعين عاما وكان غثاءة على الماء، وقال مجاهد في قوله تعالى:
وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْناً 2: 125، قال: يثوبون إليه ويرجعون ولا يقضون منه وطرا، وفي قوله تعالى: فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً من النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ 14: 37، قال:
لو قال أفئدة الناس لازدحمت فارس والروم عليه.

زندق

Q. 2 تَزَنْدَقَ [He adopted, or held, or professed, the tenets of the زِنْدِيق;] he was, or became, a زِنْدِيق: (S, * K, * TA:) [generally,] he was, or became, a مُلْحِد [i. e. deviater from the right religion, or an impugner of religions], and without religion; (KL;) [a disbeliever in the world to come and in the Deity, or the unity of the Creator: (see زَنْدَقَةٌ:) and an asserter of the endlessness of time: see زِنْدِيقٌ.]

زَنْدَقٌ, (Th, O, L, K, [in some of the copies of the K, and in my copy of the Msb, زِنْدِيقٌ, which, as is said in the TA, is a mistake,]) and ↓ زَنْدَقِىٌّ, A man very niggardly or avaricious. (Th, O, L, K, Msb.) زَنْدَقَةٌ a subst from the verb above mentioned; (S, K;) [The adoption, or belief, or profession, of the tenets of the زِنْدِيق: generally, deviation from the right religion, or the impugning of religious, and the state of him who is without religion;] disbelief in the world to come and in [the Deity, or] the unity of the Creator: (T, Mgh, Msb:) [and the assertion of the endlessness of time: see زِنْدِيقٌ.] b2: Also i. q. ضِيقٌ [as meaning Niggardliness, or avarice: see زَنْدَقٌ]. (L, TA.) زَنْدَقِىٌّ: see زَنْدَقٌ.

زُنْدُوقٌ a dial. var. of صُنْدُوقٌ [q. v.]; (K;) like as قَزْدٌ is of قَصْدٌ. (TA.) زِنْدِيقٌ One who is of the ثَنَوِيَّة [or asserters of the doctrine of Dualism]: (S, O, K:) or one who asserts his belief in [the two principles of] Light and Darkness: or one who does not believe in the world to come, nor in the Deity: (O, K:) or one who does not believe in the world to come nor in the unity of the Creator: (T, Msb:) or one who conceals unbelief and makes an outward show of belief: (K:) an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) originally Pers\., so they say, (Msb,) from الزَّنْدُ, which is a book belonging to them [i. e. the book of Zoroaster]: (PS:) [or from the Pers\. زَنْدِيك, meaning magian, or fire-worshipper: and this seems to be its primary meaning; as De Sacy says in his “ Chrest. Ar.,” 2nd ed., ii. 274:] or, accord. to IDrd, it is an arabicized word from the Persian زِنْدَه, (Mgh, [thus in my copy, app. for زَنْدَهْ, in which the ه may be, as it is in many other instances, an affix denoting some kind of relationship,]) or زَنْدَ كِرْ, (TA, as from the L, [but not very clearly written, and with an erasure, such as to suggest that the original and right reading may be زَنْدْ گِيرْ, which may be rendered holder of the Zend, but]) which is expl. as meaning he [who] asserts his belief in the eternity, or the endlessness, of the present world: (Mgh, TA:) or it is arabicized from زَنْ دِين i. e. woman's religion: (O, K:) or the right explanation is this: that it is a term of relation to the زَنْد, which is the book of Mánee the Magian, who was in the time of Bahrám the son of Hurmuz the son of Sáboor [or Shápoor], and who claimed to be successor to the Messiah, on whom be peace; and, desiring fame, composed this book, which he hid in a tree, and then took forth: الزَّنْدُ, in their language, is “ explanation; ” and he meant that this was the explanation of the book of Zará-dusht [or Zoroaster] the Persian; and in it he held that there are two gods, Light and Darkness, Light creating good, and Darkness creating evil: (TA:) or, accord. to the “ Mefáteeh el-'Uloom,”

زِنْدِيقٌ means a follower of Mánee, and also a follower of Mezdek, who (i. e. Mezdek) appeared in the days of Kubádh, and asserted that possessions and women were in common, and put forth a book which he called زند, which is the book of the Magians, that was brought by Zará-dusht, whom they assert to have been a prophet: and the companions of Mezdek were named in relation to [this] زند; which word, being arabicized, was converted into زِنْدِيقٌ: (Mgh:) Th says that زِنْدِيقٌ is not of the [genuine] language of the Arabs; (Mgh, TA;) and when the Arabs desire to express the meaning in which it is commonly used, (Mgh, * Msb, TA,) which is one who does not hold any religion, and who asserts his belief in the endlessness of time, (Msb,) they say مُلْحِدٌ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) i. e. [a deviater from the right religion, or] an impugner of religions, (Msb,) and دَهْرِىٌّ: (Mgh, TA:) some say that it is from الزَّنْدَقَةُ; because the زنديق straitens himself: (L, TA:) an Arab of the desert is related to have explained it as meaning one who looks much into things, or affairs: (Msb:) the pl. is زَنَادِقَةٌ and زَنَادِيقُ; (S, O, Msb, K;) the latter being the original pl., and the ة of the former being a substitute for the suppressed ى of the latter. (S, O.)

غطس

1 غَطَسَهُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـِ (S, TA,) inf. n. غَطْسٌ; (S;) or ↓ غطّسهُ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَغْطِيسٌ; (TA;) or both: (A. TA;) He immersed, immerged, dipped, plunged, or sunk, him or it, in water. (S, A, Msb * K, TA.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ غَطَّسَنِى

فِى بَحْرِ انْعُمِهِ He overwhelmed me in the sea of his benefits, or favours]. (A.) A2: غَطَسَ, aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. غَطْسٌ, (Msb,) He, or it, became immersed, immerged, dipped, plunged, or sunk, in water or he immersed, or immerged himself, plunged, or dived, in water (Msb, * K) b2: غَطَسَ فِى الإِنَآءِ He put his mouth into the vessel and so drank. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) A3: غَطَسَتْ بِهِ اللُّجَمُ Death took him away: (Sgh, K:) a dial. var. of عَطَسَتْ [q. v.]. (TA.) 2 غَطَّسَ see the preceding paragraph, in two places.6 تغاطسا They two vied, or contended, each with the other, in plunging, or diving, (A, K,) in water; (K;) syn. تَمَاقَلَا (A, K) and تَغَاطَّا (A) and تَغَامَسَا. (TA.) And تغاطسوا They vied, or contended, one with another, in plunging, or diving, in water; syn. تَغَاطُّوا. (TA.) A2: تغاطس He feigned himself negligent, inattentive, inadvertent, inconsiderate, or heedless, not being really so; (Sgh, K;) and تغاطش is a dial. var. of the same: both are from Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer (TA.) Yousay, تغاطس عَنْهُ He feigned himself negligent of it, &c.; (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA in art. غطش;) and [app. in like manner] تغاطسهُ. (IAar, TA in art. عمش.) غَطَّاسٌ One who dives to the bottom of water to fetch the shells that contain pearls, &c. (TA.) لَيْلٌ غَاطِسٌ Dark night: as also غَاطِشٌ. (IDrd.) مَغْطِسٌ A place in which one plunges, or dives. (TA.) مَغْنَطِيسٌ and its variations, here mentioned in the S and L and K, see in art. مغنطس.

غطس: غطس: أخفى، أزال. (بوشر). غطس: فرّ، اختنق، ويستعمل مجازاً بمعنى نجا من الخطر، وتملص من الجدل، وأفلت، وغض البصر. (بوشر).
غطس في: انغمس، (بوشر).
غطس: غاص في البحر لصيد اللؤلؤ أو غيره من الأشياء. ويقال غطس على، والمصدر غِطاس. (ألف ليلة 2: 193).
غَطَسَ قلبُه: فقد الشجاعة والجرأة. (ألف ليلة 1: 233) وهذا كما في الألمانية: den muth sinken Lassen.
غَطَّس خبزه. غمسه. (همبرت ص13) غطّس: أغرق باخرة فغاصت في البحر (بوشر).
غَطَّس: عمَّد، نصَّر (فوك، ألكالا، برجرن. فقال أظنَّه منذ ولده له (وُلِدَ له) كان غير مغتطس فحمله للشيخ فغطَّسه. ومنه قيل مُغَطَّس: للمغربي الذي تنصر فعمّد .. (معجم الأسبانية ص 171).
غَطّس: رقّد الكرمة (ابن العوام 1: 13، 185).
تغَطَّس: غطس (المعجم اللاتيني العربي. وفي معجم فوك: غطس وغاص في الماء (ألكالا).
تغطَّس: تعمَّد، تلقى المعمودية (ألكالا). اغتطس: تعمَّد، تلقى المعمودية. انظرها في غطَّس. غَطْسَة والجمع غطسات: مصدر غطس بمعنى غاص الماء. (ألكالا).
غِطاس: عند النصارى العماد (محيط المحيط) وعيد الغطاس يُعيَّد فيه لليوم الذي اعتمد فيه المسيح (محيط المحيط) والأقباط يحتفلون به في اليوم الحادي عشر من شهر نوبة (18 أو 19 يناير أي كانون الثاني) (لين عادات 2: 363).
والكنيسة الكاثوليكية تحتفل في نفس اليوم بعيد تعميد المسيح وعيد تجلى الرب. كما تحتفل في عيد الظهور أو عيد الــمجوس.
عيد الغطاس: عيد الظهور، عيد الــمجوس، عيد الدنح، يوم الملوك، وهو اليوم السادس من يناير (كانون الثاني). (همبرت ص153، بوشر وفيه شدَّة على الطاء وهو خطأ، تقويم ص19).
غطوس: تغطيس، غَمْر، انغمار (بوشر).
غطوس: اختفاء، خسوف، كسوف، غياب فجائي، غياب وقتي (بوشر).
غطوس كوكب: غياب نجم وراء القمر. واختفاء وقتي لكوكب. (بوشر).
غَطَّاس: طائر مائي يغوص في الماء ويعرف بالغواص أيضاً. (محيط المحيط، ياقوت 1: 885 ألف ليلة 3: 239).
غطّيس: نفس المعنى السابق (بوشر).
غَطَّاسَة: نفس المعنى السابق (القزويني 2: 363) غاطس: غاطس عن الوجود: مغمى عليه. (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 7) وفي طبعة ماكن: غائب عن الوجود.
تغطيس: العوم والرأس في الماء يرفع تارة (ألكالا).
تَغَطِيس: عماد، معمودية. (فوك، ألكالا) وهو عند النصارى أحد أنواع المعمودية وهو التطميس بماء العماد، والنوعان الباقيان هو السكب والرَشَ. (محيط المحيط).
تَغْطِيس: إرقاد، طمر الغصن (ابن العوام 1: 156).
تَغْطِيسيّ: تغميسي، انغماسي (بوشر).
مَغْطِس: عامية مَغْطَس، والجمع مَغاطِس. ومَغاطس اللؤلؤ (ألف ليلة برسل 4: 94) = مغاص اللؤلؤ.
مَغْطس: حوض يغتسل فيه، مغتسل (بوشر). وإناء كبير يغطس فيه للاغتسال (محيط المحيط، برجرن ص88). وحوض مملوء بالماء الحار (لين عادات 2: 48، ألف ليلة 4: 479). وحوض يغطس فيه الأقباط في عيد الغطاس احتفالاً بتعميد السيد المسيح. فانسليب ص342).