رقى: رَقِيَ، رَقيَ إليه الخبر مثل ترقَّى إليه الخبر في معجم لين (معجم الطرائف).
رَقِي: هذا الفعل يدل في الأندلس أحياناً ونادراً فيما يظهر على معنى جعل، وضع، ورمى وهو المعنى الذي يدل عليه الفعل أرقى (انظر أرقى)، لأن في معجم فوك يذكر رَقِي (رَقْيٌ في الفصحى) مرادفاً لكلمة إرقاء، وفي معجم ألكالا: رَقِي للشمَاتَة.
رَقّي (بالتشديد)، رُقّيَ إليه أن: نَقِل إليه، أخبر أن (معجم الطرائف).
رقّى منزلته: رفع درجته، ولاّه عملاً أعلى درجة من عمله، ففي حيان (ص4 ق): فرقّا منزلته وولاّه الوزارة.
رقّى (في مصطلح الحسابيين): رفع العدد من قوة إلى أعلى منها (محيط المحيط).
أرقى: رقى، سحر بالرقّى (فوك).
أرقى: يدل هذا الفعل في الأندلس على معنى جعل ووضع، ورمى وذلك عند العامة فقط لأني لم أجد هذا المعنى إلا في معجم فوك ومعجم ألكالا، واعتقد أنه غير مستعمل عند المؤلفين. ففي فوك معناه رمى، وفي معجم ألكالا معناه رمى على شيء آخر، وجعل ووضع ب.
وهذا الفعل المستعمل في عبارات كثيرة نجدها في معجم ألكالا مثل: أرقى في اليُقُوطَة أي علقه بالمشنقة.
أرقى تحت حكمه: أخضع (ألكالا).
إرقاء الثمن: زايد ورفع الثمن (ألكالا).
أرقى خطاراً: راهن، خاطر (ألكالا).
أرقى خَلاَصاً: عُني به (ألكالا).
أرقى شَلَقاً: عقله بالشغربية وهي اعتقال المصارع رجله برجل خصمه وصرعه إياه بهذه الحيلة (ألكالا).
مُرْقَى للسَّماتَةَ: معناه الحقيقي مُعرَّض لفضيحة وعار، وتستعمل للدلالة على معنيين: وضع على رأسه قلنسوة على شكل الهرم التي توضع على رؤوس بعض المجرمين (جُرِّسَ)، وعلق بالمشنقة (ألكالا).
أرقى في الشُّنْطُورة: خبأ في حصنه (ألكالا).
أرقى عروة: زرَّر، أدخل الزر في العروة (ألكالا).
أرقى العَلَف: فَرْجَن الحيوانات (ألكالا).
أرقى عَلاَمة: وَقَّع، أمضى، كتب اسمه، علَّم على، وضع خطه على (ألكالا).
أرقى مَلْزَماً: وضع لزقة (ألكالا).
أرقى مَغْرَة: صبغ بالمَغْرَة، بالطين الأحمر (ألكالا)، وتستعمل أرقى وحدها بمعنى وضع، وخبأ في حضنه التي ذكرت أعلاه.
أرقى: كبس المسنة، أضاف يوماً في شهر شباط (فبراير) في السنة الكبيسة (ألكالا).
أرقى: ثقّل، صبَّر، زوّد السفينة بصابورة (ألكالا).
أرقى (في مصطلح البحر): بمعنى أَرْفَأَ وأَرْسَى السفينة، يقال مثلاً في الكلام عن الملاحين والنوتية: أرقوا إلى الساحل أي أرسوا. وأرقى بالساحل (معجم البلاذري، دي يونج).
وأميل إلى الظن أن أرقى باعتباره من مصطلح البحر معناه الحقيقي: أرسى، ألقى بالانجر وإن اسم الانجر قد حذف. فإذا كان هذا كذلك فإنه يقال أرقى إلى وأرقى ب، وعند ذلك لابد أن نتقبل أيضاً أن العرب قد نسوا أصل هذا المعنى فهم يقولون: تُرْقَى السُفُن، والسُفُن المَرْقاة، للتعبير عن السفن التي ألقت مراسيها. ويصل هذا بنا إلى القول إن تعبير أرقى السفينة غير صحيح. ترقّى: أن يضاف الصفر إلى العدد بحيث يصبح الواحد عشرة، والعشرة مائة، والمائة ألفاً (محيط المحيط).
ارتقى: ارتفع وصعد (معجم الإدريسي).
ارتقى: استرقى، طلب أن يرقى بالرقية (باين سميث 1185، 1386).
رُقْيَة، رقية النَمْلَة: انظر نملة.
رقاية: رقية، سحر (باين سميث 1388).
رَقَّى وتجمع على رَقَّايات: عصا (فوك).
راقٍ، وتجمع على رُقَاة: صاعد (عباد 1: 119، 256).
تَرْقِيَة: أن يضاف الصفر إلى العدد بحيث يصبح الواحد عشرة، والعشرة مائة، والمائة ألفاً (محيط المحيط).
مَرْقى وتجمع على مراقٍ: أي مرقاة، سلَّم، درج، كما أشار شُلتنز إلى ذلك (فوك، ابن جبير ص295).
مَرْقىً: مرقاة، ومرسى، مرفأ، فُرضة، ميناء (معجم الإدريسي ص260، معجم البلاذري، تاريخ البربر 1: 441، 637، 2: 268، 272، 280، 293، 294، 314، 318، 389، ابن صاحب الصلاة ص11 د، ابن جبير ص306 وغيرها فيه الناشر خطأ).
مَرْقَاة: محطة، موقف (معجم الإدريسي).
مَرْقَاة: منبر الخطيب (المقري 1: 237، 240).
مَرْقَاة: سدّ من الحجارة لمنع الفيضان (معجم الإسبانية ص299).
مُرَقٍ: خادم المسجد (لين عادات 1: 119).

خف

ى1 خَفِىَ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (Msb, K,) inf. n. خَفَآءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) has two contr. significations: (Mgh, Msb:) It was, or became, unperceived or imperceptible, [or hardly perceived or perceptible, by any of the senses, or only by the eye or ear, or by the mind; mostly] unapparent, or not apparent; (K;) [latent; obscure;] hidden, concealed, or covered; (Mgh, Msb;) [or unconspicuous; but also faint, or dim, to the sight; suppressed, or stifled, said of the voice; or low, faint, gentle, or soft, to the ear; and obscure to the mind, abstruse, recondite, occult, or covert; and secret, private, or clandestine:] and the contr., i. e. it appeared; it was, or became, apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident; (Mgh, Msb;) [as also ↓ استخفى: (see مُسْتَخْفٍ, below:)] or, accord. to some, the particle that connects it with its subject distinguishes one meaning from the other: (Msb:) you say, خَفِى

عَلَيْهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) it (a thing, or an affair, Mgh) was, or became, unperceived or imperceptible, [&c., by him;] unapparent, or not apparent, [or obscure, &c., to him;] (TA;) or hidden, or concealed, from him: (Mgh, Msb:) and خَفِىَ لَهُ it appeared to him; it was, or became, perceptible, apparent, open, &c., to him: [but see what follows:] (Mgh, Msb:) whence the sayings of Mohammad, [app. the Hanafee Imám,] referring to spoils, فَخَفِى

لَهُمْ أَنْ يَذْهَبُوا بِهَا وَيَكْتُمُوهَا أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ, i. e. It appeared [to them that they should go away with them, or take them away, and conceal them from the believers in a plurality of gods], and خَفِىَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهَا إِلَى دَارِ الإِسْلَامِ [It appeared to them that they should take them forth to the territory of El-Islám]: but this is said only in relation to that which appears from a state of concealment or from a hidden quarter. (Mgh.) [Hence,] بَرِحَ الخَفَآءُ The affair, or case, became manifest: (S, K:) or the state of concealment departed, or ceased; but the former explanation is better: or, as some say, ↓ الخَفَآءُ here signifies the secret; and the meaning is, the secret became apparent: (TA:) or, lit., the low ground became high and apparent; meaning (assumed tropical:) what was concealed became revealed. (Har pp. 133-4. [See also art. برح.]) [And عَلَى خَفَآءٍ means Covertly, secretly, privately, stealthily, or clandestinely. (See also what follows.)] b2: خَفِيتُ لَهُ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. خُفْيَةٌ and خِفْيَةٌ (Msb, K) and خِفْوَةٌ, (K,) the ى and و being interchangeable, (TA,) signifies ↓ اِخْتَفَيْتُ [i. e. I made myself unapparent to him, lurked, or lay hid or in ambush, for him; cloaked, or disguised, myself to him; hid, or concealed, myself from him]: (K:) [for] اختفى signifies he hid, or concealed, himself, (Fr, * El-Fárábee, JK, * Msb, K,) مِنْهُ from him; (TA;) as also ↓ استخفى, (Fr, * JK, * Msb, K,) and ↓ اخفى, (IAar, K,) and ↓ تخفّى also is syn. with اختفى [in this sense]: (Z, TA:) or you say, ↓ اِسْتَخْفَيْتُ مِنْكَ, meaning I hid, or concealed, myself from thee; but not ↓ اِخْتَفَيْتُ: (IKt, Th, S, Msb:) or ↓ اختفى in the sense of خَفِىَ is not of high authority, nor is it disallowed, (Az, Msb, TA,) but ↓ استخفى is more usual. (Az, TA.) Yousay, فَعَلْتُهُ خُفْيَةً and خِفْيَةً [I did it covertly, secretly, privately, stealthily, or clandestinely]. (Msb) And قُتِلَ خفْيَةً and خِفْوَةً [He was slain covertly, secretly, &c.]. (JK.) And يَأْكُلُهُ خِفْوَةً

[lit. He eats it covertly, &c.,] means he steals it. (K.) In the saying in the Kur [vii. 53], اُدْعُو رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً, the meaning [of the last word] is, Submissively, devoting yourselves to his service: or, accord. to Zj, adhering to his service in your minds: or, accord. to Th, celebrating Him in your minds: or, accord. to Lh, in quietness, and stillness: (TA:) or secretly; and so in the similar passage in the Kur vi. 63. (Jel, and so Bd on this latter passage.) خُفْيَةٌ is from أَخْفَيْتُ الصَّوْتَ [explained below in this paragraph]: (JK:) the intrans. v. whereof is ↓ اختفى [signifying It (the voice) was, or became, suppressed, or stifled; or low, faint, gentle, or soft; like خَفِىَ, which is more common]. (Lth, TA.) A2: خَفَاهُ, aor. ـْ (JK, S, Msb, K,) inf. n. خَفْىٌ (JK, Msb, * K) and خُفِىٌّ, (K,) also has two contr. significations: (S, Msb, TA:) He made it perceptible, apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident: (JK, S, Msb, K:) and he hid, or concealed, or covered, it; (S, Msb, K; [in this latter sense, erroneously written in the CK خَفّاهُ;]) as also ↓ اخفاهُ: (S, K:) or, accord. to some, this latter has the latter meaning; and the former verb has [only] the former meaning: but accord. to other, the reverse is the case: (Msb:) or, accord. to Aboo-' Alee El-Kálee, the former verb has the former meaning only; and ↓ the latter verb has both meanings: (IB, TA:) ↓ the latter is also explained as signifying he removed its خِفَآء, i. e. its covering: (TA:) and the former, as meaning he made it to come forth from a state of concealment: (JK:) and he drew it forth; (K;) as also ↓ اختفاهُ. (S, Msb, K.) One says, خَفَى المَطَرُ الفَأْرَ The rain made the rats, or mice, to come forth from their holes. (S.) It is said in the Kur [xx. 15], إِنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ أَكَادُ

أَخْفِيهَا, (JK, TA,) or ↓ أُخْفِيهَا, (JK, S, TA,) accord. to different readers: (TA:) the former means [Verily the hour of the resurrection is coming:] I am almost making it to appear: (JK, TA:) and the latter, I am almost removing that which conceals it: (S, IJ, TA:) or I almost conceal it: (JK, TA:) or, as Ubeí reads it, أَكَادُ أُخْفِيهَا مِنْ نَفْسى [I almost conceal it from Myself]: and Fr says [that the meaning is], I almost conceal it from Myself, and how then should I acquaint you therewith? (TA.) and it is said in a trad. respecting the flight [from Mekkeh], اخفى عَنَّا خَبَرَكَ [written without the vowel-signs, so that it may be اِخْفِى or ↓ أَخْفِى,] i. e. Conceal thou thine information from such as may ask thee respecting us. (TA.) And in another trad., كَانَ يَخْفِى صَوْتَهُ بِأَنِينٍ, thus with fet-h to the ى, meaning He used to make his voice perceptible [or audible, with moaning]. (TA.) And you say, الصَّوْتَ ↓ أَخْفَيْتُ [meaning I suppressed, or stifled, the voice; or made it low, faint, gentle, or soft]. (Lth, JK, TA.) [and الكَلَامَ ↓ اخفى He uttered speech, or the speech, in a low, faint, gentle, or soft, tone; he spoke in a low, faint, gentle, or soft, manner; lit. he made speech, or the speech, to be low, &c.]

A3: خَفَى, aor. ـْ and خَفِىَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. of each خَفْىٌ; said of lightning: see خَفَا, in art. خفو.4 أَخْفَىَ as an intrans. v.: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, near the middle.

A2: As a trans. v.: see 1, in seven places, in the latter half of the paragraph.5 تَخَفَّىَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, near the middle.8 إِخْتَفَىَ as an intrans. v.: see 1, in four places. b2: اِخْتَفَى, said of a man, [if it be not a mistranscription for اُخْتُفِىَ, like اُخْتُفِىَ دَمُهُ,] signifies also He was slain covertly, secretly, or clandestinely. (JK.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 1. b2: Yousay also اختفى مَيِّتًا He drew forth a dead body from the grave, to steal the grave-clothes. (TA.) b3: And اختفى البِئْرَ He dug, or cleared out, the well. (Msb.) b4: And اختفى دَمَهُ He slew him without its being known. (K.) 10 إِسْتَخْفَىَ see 1, in four places, in the former half of the paragraph.

خَفًا [more properly written خَفًى] A thing that is unperceived or imperceptible, [or hardly perceived or perceptible,] unapparent, or not apparent; [latent; obscure; &c.; (see 1, first sentence;)] (JK, K;) as also ↓ خَافِيَةٌ and ↓ خَافٍ [for شَىْءٌ خَافٍ, the explanation in the JK]. (K.) [See also خَفَآءٌ.]

خَفَِى البَطْنِ A man lank in the belly. (IAar, TA.) خَفَآءٌ inf. n. of خَفِىَ. (Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: Also A thing that is unperceived or imperceptible [&c. (see خَفًا)] by one; unapparent, or not apparent. [latent, or obscure,,] to one; or hidden, or concealed, from one. (TA.) A secret: so, accord. to some, in the phrase بَرِحَ الخَفَآءُ mentioned above: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. (TA.) And [in the same phrase, accord. to some,] Low, or depressed, ground. (TA.) خِفَآءٌ A [garment of the kind called] رِدَآء, which a woman wears over her other clothes: (Lth, JK:) or a [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء: (S, K:) and any covering of a thing, (Lth, JK, *) whatever it be with which one covers a thing, such as a كساء and the like: (Lth:) pl. أَخْفِيَةٌ. (Lth, JK, S, K.) b2: [Hence,] أَخْفِيَةُ النَّوْرِ The calyxes of flowers: (K:) sing. as above. (TA.) b3: and أَخْفِيَةُ الكَرَا [The coverings of drowsiness; meaning] the eyes. (K.) خَفِىٌّ i. q. ↓ خَافٍ; (S, K;) applied to a thing; (S;) i. e. Unperceived or imperceptible, [or hardly perceived or perceptible, by any of the senses, or only by the eye or ear, or by the mind; mostly] unapparent, or not apparent; (K;) [latent; obscure; hidden, or concealed; or unconspicuous; but also faint, or dim, to the sight; suppressed, or stifled, applied to the voice; or low, faint, gentle, or soft, to the ear; and obscure to the mind, abstruse, recondite, occult, or covert; and secret, private, or clandestine: see 1, first sentence:] pl. خَفَايَا. (S.) [You say نَجْمٌ خَفِىٌّ A dim star or asterism. And مَكَانٌ خَفِىٌّ An obscure, or a concealed, place. And صَوْتٌ خَفِىٌّ A low, faint, gentle, or soft, voice or sound.] and اِمْرَأَةٌ خَفِيَّةُ الصَّوْتِ A woman having a low, faint, gentle, or soft, voice. (TA in art. خفض.) and النُّونُ الخَفِيَّةُ i. q. الخَفِيفَةُ [q. v.]. (K.) and some of the Arabs say, (Yaakoob, S,) إِذَا حَسُنَ مِنَ المَرْأَةِ خَفِيَّاهَا حَسُنَ سَائِرُهَا, meaning [When] the voice and the foot-mark of the woman [are good, or pleasing, the rest, or the whole, of what pertains to her is good, or pleasing]: (Yaakoob, JK, S, K:) for when her voice is soft, or gentle, this indicates her being bashful, or shy; and when her foot-marks are near together, and firmly impressed, they indicate that she has [large] buttocks and haunches. (Yaakoob, S.) One says also, لَقِيتُهُ خَفِيًّا I met him covertly, secretly, privately, or clandestinely. (TA.) [And مَشَى مِشْيَةً

خَفِيَّةً He walked with a soft, or stealthy, gait.]

b2: Also One who secludes himself from [other] men; whose place is concealed from them. (TA.) خَفِيَّةٌ A well: (S, K:) or a deep well; because its water is not perceived, or not apparent: (TA:) or a well of ancient times, that has become filled up and then dug again: (JK, TA:) or any well that has been dug and then left until it has become filled up, then dug again, and cleared out: (ISk, S:) [opposed to بَدِىْءٌ:] accord. to A'Obeyd, it is so called because it is made to appear: (S:) pl. خَفَايَا and خَفِيَّاتٌ. (JK, TA) b2: And A tangled, or luxuriant, or dense, thicket, (JK, K, TA,) which the lion takes as his covert: (JK, TA:) or خَفِيَّة is the name of a certain place frequented by lions; (S, IB;) and is properly imperfectly decl., so that you say أُسُودُ خَفِيَّةَ; but it may be perfectly decl. in poetry. (IB.) A2: Also A slight taint, or infection, or a touch, or stroke, of insanity: so in the phrase بِهِ خَفِيَّةٌ In him is a slight taint, &c., of insanity. (Ibn-Menádhir, S, K. *) خَافٍ: see خَفِىٌّ: b2: and see also خَفًا. b3: الخَافِى The jinn, or genii; (As, Lh, JK, S, K;) because they conceal themselves from the eyes [of men]; (TA;) as also ↓ الخَافِيَآءُ (JK, K) and ↓ اخَافِيَةُ: (K:) or this last signifies what conceals itself in the body, of the jinn, or genii: (Ibn-Menádhir, S:) the pl. (of the first, Lh, JK, [and of the second and third also accord. to analogy,]) is خَوَافٍ; (Lh, JK, K;) [and of the first, خَافُونَ also, like قَاضُونَ; for] the bare piece of ground amid herbage is said, in a trad., to be مُصَلَّى

الخَافِينَ, i. e. [The praying-place] of the jinn, or genii. (TA.) The first (الخَافِى) also signifies Mankind; thus bearing two contr. [or rather opposite] meanings. (TA.) And one says, هُوَ ↓ مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ خَافِيَةَ, (K and TA voce خَالِفَة, q. v.,) or ↓ خَافِيَةٍ, (CK ibid.,) I know not what one of mankind he is. (K ibid.) b4: أَرْضٌ خَافِيَةٌ [and ↓ أَرْضُ خَافِيَةٍ, the latter word in the former case being an epithet, fem. of خَافٍ, and in the latter case a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst is predominant,] A land in which are jinn, or genii. (K.) b5: خَافِى الغُرَابِ: see the last sentence but one in the next paragraph.

خَافِيَةٌ contr. of عَلَانِيَةٌ [app. meaning that it signifies A state of being unapparent or not apparent, covert, secret, private, or clandestine: though explained in the TK (followed by Freytag) as an epithet applied to a man, meaning whose actions are always covert]. (K.) b2: See also خَفًا. b3: And see خَافٍ, in four places. b4: Also One, i. e. a single feather, of the feathers called الخَوَافِى: (TA:) الخَوَافِى signifies the feathers below the ten that are in the fore part of the wing: (As, S:) or certain feathers that are concealed when the bird contracts its wing: (K:) or the four feathers that are [next] after those called المَنَاكِب, (Lh, K, *) and next before those called الأَبَاهِر: (S in art. بهر, and L in art. نكب:) or seven feathers in the wing, after the seven foremost: (K, * TA:) but the people [generally] mention them as four: or they are the small feathers in the wing of a bird. (TA.) خَنْجَرٌ مِثْلُ خَافِيَةِ النَّسْرِ [A dagger like the خافية of the vulture], occurring in a trad., means a small خنجر. (TA.) One says also خَافِيَةُ الغُرَابِ [The خافية of the crow]: and the pl. is [sometimes expressed by using the coll. gen. n., saying]

الغُرَابِ ↓ خَافِى. (JK.) b5: الخَوَافِى also signifies The palm-branches [next] below the قِلَبَة [which latter are the branches that grow forth from the heart of the tree]: (S, TA:) thus called in the dial. of Nejd: (TA:) in the dial. of El-Hijáz called العَوَاهِنُ. (S, TA.) الخَافِيَآءُ: see خَافٍ.

مُخْتَفٍ A rifler of graves: (JK, S, Msb, K:) because he extracts the grave-clothes; (S, Msb, TA;) or because he steals covertly: a word of the dial. of the people of El-Medeeneh: fem. مُخْتَفِيَةٌ. (TA.) مُسْتَخْفٍ Hiding, or concealing, himself: and accord. to Akh, appearing: in both of which senses it is said to be used in the words of the Kur [xiii. 11], مُسْتَخْفٍ بِاللَّيْلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ [Hiding himself by night, and appearing by day: or appearing by night, and hiding himself by day: see art. سرب]. (TA.) b2: اليَدُ المُسْتَخْفِيَةُ The hand of the thief, and of the rifler of graves: opposed to اليَدُ المُسْتَعْلِيَةُ, which is the hand of him who takes by force, and of the plunderer, and the like: the Sunneh ordains that the former shall be cut off [except in certain cases], but not the latter. (TA.)

ربو

1 رَبَا, aor. ـْ (T, S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَبْوٌ, (so in copies of the S, [in one of my copies of the S not mentioned,]) or رُبُوٌّ and رَبَآءٌ, (M, K, TA,) the latter erroneously written in [some of] the copies of the K رِبَآء, (TA,) It (a thing, T, S, Msb) increased, or augmented. (T, S, M, Msb, K.) Said, in this sense, of property: (Mgh:) or, said of property, It increased by usury. (M, TA.) لِيَرْبُوَ فِى أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو ↓ وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ, in the Kur [xxx. 38], (T, Bd,) means And what ye give of forbidden addition in commercial dealing, [i. e. of usury,] (Bd,) or what ye give of anything for the sake of receiving more in return, (Zj, T, Bd,) and this is not forbidden accord. to most of the expositions, though there is no recompense [from God] for him who exceeds what he has received, (Zj, T,) in order that it may increase the possessions of men, (T, * Bd,) it shall not increase with God, (T, Bd,) nor will He bless it: (Bd:) some (namely, the people of El-Hijáz, T, or Náfi' and Yaakoob, Bd) read

↓ لِتُرْبُوا, (T, Bd,) meaning, in order that ye may increase [the property of men], or in order that ye may have forbidden addition [or usury therein]. (Bd.) b2: Also It became high. (Msb, * TA.) b3: رَبَا, aor. as above; and رَبِىَ, aor. ـْ said of a child, He grew up. (Msb.) You say, رَبَوْتُ فِى

بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S,) or فِى حَجْرِهِ, inf. n. رُبُوٌّ (M, K, TA) and رُبْوٌ, (M, TA,) with damm, (TA,) this latter on the authority of Lh, (M, TA,) accord. to the K رَبْوٌ, with fet-h, but correctly with damm; (TA;) and رَبِيتُ, (S, M, TA,) in the copies of the K erroneously written رَبَيْتُ, (TA,) inf. n. رَبَآءٍ and رُبِىٌّ; (M, K, TA; [the latter, accord. to the CK, رَبِىٌّ, which is a mistranscription;]) I grew up [among the sons of such a one, or in his care and protection]. (S, M, K.) b4: رَبَتِ الأَرْضُ The ground [being rained upon] became large, and swelled. (M, TA.) In the Kur xxii. 5 and xli. 39, for وَرَبَتْ, some read وَرَبَأَتٌ: the former means and [becomes large, and swells; or] increases: the latter means “ and rises. ” (T. [See art. ربأ.]) b5: رَبَا السَّوِيقُ, inf. n. رُبُوٌّ, The سويق [or meal of parched barley] had water poured upon it, and in consequence swelled: (M, TA:) in the copies of the K, رَبَا السَّوِيقَ, expl. as meaning he poured water on the سويق, and it consequently swelled. (TA.) b6: رَبَا said of a horse, (S, K,) aor. ـْ (TA,) inf. n. رَبْوٌ, (K,) He became swollen, or inflated, from running, or from fear, or fright (S, K.) b7: He was, or became, affected with what is termed رَبْوٌ; (S, M, K;) i. e. he was, or became, out of breath; his breath became interrupted by reason of fatigue or running &c.; or he panted, or breathed shortly or uninterruptedly; syn. اِنْبَهَرَ: (TA:) and so ↓ تربّى; for you say, طَلَبْنَا الصَّيْدَ حَتَّى تَرَبَّيْنَا, i. e. [We pursued the chase until] we became out of breath; &c.; syn. بُهِرْنَا. (M.) b8: See also 4.

A2: رَبَوْتُ الرَّابِيَةَ I ascended, or mounted, upon the hill, or elevated ground. (S, K.) 2 رَبَّيْتُهُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَرْبِيَةٌ, (S, K,) I reared him, fostered him, or brought him up; (M, Msb;) namely, a child: (Msb:) I fed, or nourished, him, or it; (S, Mgh, K;) namely, a child, (Mgh,) or anything of what grows, or increases, such as a child, and seedproduce, and the like; (S;) as also ↓ تَرَبَّيْتُهُ: (Mgh, K:) the former is said to be originally رَبَبْتُهُ. (Er-Rághib, TA. [See 1 in art. رب, in two places.]) [Thus رَبَّيْتُ signifies I reared, or cultivated, plants or trees.] And ربّى is said of earth, or soil, meaning It fostered plants or herbage. (L in art. رشح, &c.) And يُنَوِّرُ وَلَا يُرَبِّى is said of a tree [as meaning It produces blossoms, but does not mature its produce]. (AHn, M and L in art. مظ.) b2: رَبَّيْتُ الأْتْرُجَّ بِعَسَلٍ (tropical:) [I preserved the citron with honey], and الوَرْدَ بِسُكَّرٍ [the roses with sugar: like رَبَّبْتُهُ]. (TA.) b3: رَبَّيْتُ عَنْ خِنَاقِهِ [in the CK خُناقِه, which I think a mistranscription,] (tropical:) I removed, or eased, [his cord with which he was being strangled; app. meaning, his straitness;] (K;) mentioned by Z. (TA.) [See a similar phrase in art. رخو, conj. 4.]3 راباهُ, (K in art. مجر, as syn. of مَاجَرَهُ,) inf. n. مُرَابَاةٌ, (TA ibid.,) [He practised usury, or the like, with him: used in this sense in the present day.] b2: And رَابَيْتُهُ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) I treated him with gentleness, or blandishment; soothed, coaxed, wheedled, or cajoled, him. (K, * TA.) 4 أَرْبَيْتُهُ (in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, ارتبيته, TA) I increased, or augmented, it. (M, K, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [ii. 277], وَيُرْبِى الصَّدَقَاتِ (M, TA) And He will increase, or augment, alms-deeds; (Jel;) will multiply the recompense thereof, (Bd, Jel,) and bless them. (Bd.) See also an ex. in the first paragraph.

A2: أَرْبَيْتُ I took more than I gave. (S.) b2: [Hence,] اربى, said of a man, signifies [particularly] He engaged in, or entered upon, الرِّبَا [i. e. the practising, or taking, of usury or the like; he practised, or took, usury or the like; as also ↓ رَبَا, aor. ـْ for] إِرْبَآءٌ and رَبْوٌ, as inf. ns., both signify, in Pers\., رِبَا خوُرْدَنْ. (KL. [In the TA, رَبَا, said of a man, is expl. by the words حصل فى ربوة: but I think that the right reading must be حَصَّلَ فِى رِبًوا, or مِنْ رِبًوا; and the meaning, He acquired in the practice of usury or the like, or he acquired of usury or the like.]) See, again, an ex. in the first paragraph. b3: اربى عَلَى الخَمْسَينَ, (M, Msb,) وَنَحْوِهَا, (M,) He exceeded [the age of fifty, and the like]. (M, Msb.) b4: [أَرْبَى said of the عَرْفَج, in a copy of the S, in art رقط is a mistranscription for أَدْبَى, with dál.]5 تربّى, said of a child, (Mgh, Msb,) He was, or became, fed, or nourished; (Mgh;) or reared, fostered, or brought up. (Msb.) A2: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.

A3: تَرَبَّيْتُهُ: see 2.

رَبْوٌ: see رُبْوَةٌ. b2: Also A company (IAar, T, K, TA) of men: (IAar, T, TA:) pl. أَرْبَآءُ: (IAar, T, K, TA:) and ↓ رِبْوَةٌ likewise signifies a company; or, as some say, ten thousand; as also رُبَّةٌ; (M, TA;) or the former of these two words, (i. e. ربوة,) accord. to the A, signifies a great company of men, such as ten thousand. (TA.) It is said in the K that ↓ رِبْوَةٌ signifies Ten thousand dirhems; as also ↓ رُبَةٌ: but in this assertion are errors; for the former of these two words signifies as explained in the foregoing sentence; and the latter of them is with teshdeed, belonging to art. رب, and signifies a company [or great company] of men. (TA.) A2: Also, (T, S, M, K, TA,) and ↓ رَبْوَةٌ, (M, TA,) The state of being out of breath; interruption of the breath by reason of fatigue or running &c.: or a panting, or breathing shortly or uninterruptedly: syn. بُهْرٌ, (T, M, TA,) and اِنْبِهَارٌ: (TA:) or a loud (lit. high) breathing: (S:) and a state of inflation of the جَوْف [or chest]. (M, TA.) [The former word is now often used as signifying Asthma.]

رِبًا, (T, M, Msb, K,) or ↓ رِبًوا, (S, Mgh,) [for it is often thus written, and generally thus in the copies of the Kur-án,] with the short ا accord. to the pronunciation best known, (Msb,) [which implies that it is also pronounced ↓ رِبَآءٌ,] An excess, and an addition: (Msb:) an addition over and above the principal sum [that is lent or expended]: but in the law it signifies an addition obtained in a particular manner: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [i. e. usury, and the like; meaning both unlawful, and lawful, interest or profit; and the practice of taking such interest or profit:] it is in lending, (Zj, T,) or in buying and selling, (S,) and in giving: and is of two kinds; unlawful, and lawful: the unlawful is any loan for which one receives more than the loan, or by means of which one draws a profit; [and the gain made by such means:] and the lawful is a gift by which a man invites more than it to be given to him, or a gift that he gives in order that more than it may be given to him; [and the addition that he so obtains:] (Zj, T:) [it generally means] an addition that is obtained by selling food [&c.] for food [&c.], or ready money for ready money, to be paid at an appointed period; or by exchanging either of such things for more of the same kind: (Bd in ii.

276:) or the taking of an addition in lending and in selling: (PS:) [it is said to be] i. q. عِينَةٌ: (M, K:) [but although رِبًا and عِينَةٌ are both applicable sometimes in the same case, neither of them can be properly said to be generally explanatory of the other, or syn. therewith: رِبَا النَّسِيْئَةِ is a term specially employed to signify profit obtained in the case of a delay of payment: and رِبَا الفَضْلِ to signify profit obtained by the superior value of a thing received over that of a thing given:] the dual of رِبًا (M, Msb, K) or رِبًوا (S) is رِبَوَانِ and رِبَيَانِ; (S, M, Msb, K;) the former being agreeable with the original; (M, Msb;) the ى in the latter being because of the imáleh occasioned by the preceding kesreh. (M.) See an ex. near the beginning of the first paragraph of this art. ↓ رُبْيَةٌ, thus pronounced by the Arabs, but by the relaters of a trad., in which it occurs, ↓ رُبِّيَّةٌ, (Fr, T, S, Mgh,) or, as some say, ↓ رُبَيَّةٌ, as though this were the dim. of رُبْيَةٌ, (Mgh,) is a dial. var. of رِبًوا [or رِبًا]; and by rule should be رُبْوَةٌ: (Fr, T, S, Mgh:) or, accord. to Z, رُبّيَّةٌ may be of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ from الرِّبَا. (TA.) [See also رَمَآءٌ, in art. رمى.]

رُبَةٌ: see رَبْوٌ.

رَبْوَةٌ: see the next paragraph: A2: and see also رَبْوٌ.

رُبْوَةٌ and ↓ رَبْوَةٌ and ↓ رِبْوَةٌ; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) the first of which is preferred, (T,) or most common; (Msb;) and the second, of the dial. of Temeem; (T, Msb;) and ↓ رَبْوٌ (M, K) and ↓ رَبَاوَةٌ (T, S, M, K) and ↓ رِبَاوَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ رُبَاوَةٌ (IJ, K) and ↓ رَابِيَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَبَآءَةٌ; (M, K;) A hill; i. e. an elevation of ground, or elevated ground: (T, S, M, K:) or an elevated place: so called because it is high: (Msb, TA:) the pl. of رُبْوَةٌ is رُبًى (T, Msb) and رُبِىٌّ: (T:) and the pl. of ↓ رَابِيَةٌ is رَوَابٍ; (T, Msb;) which ISh explains as meaning elevated sands, like the دَكْدَاكَة [q. v.], but higher and softer than the latter; the latter being more compact and rugged; the رابية, he says, has in it depression and elevation; it produces the best and the most numerous of the herbs, or leguminous plants, that are found in the sands; and men alight upon it. (T.) رِبْوَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: b2: and see رَبْوٌ, in two places.

رُبْيَةٌ and رُبَيَّةٌ and رُبِّيَّةٌ: see رِبًا, last sentence: A2: and see also art. ربى.

رِبًوا: see رِبًا. [The و is silent, like the ا.]

رَبْوَآءُ: see رَابٍ.

رِبَوِىٌّ Of, or relating to, what is termed رِبًا or رِبًوا [i. e. usury and the like]: (Mgh, Msb:) رَبَوِىٌّ is said by Mtr to be wrong. (Msb.) رَبَآءٌ Excess, excellence, or superiority; syn. طَوْلٌ: (IDrd, S, K:) so in the saying, لِفُلَانٍ عَلَى

فُلَانٍ رَبَآءٌ [Such a one possesses excess, or excellence, or superiority, over such a one]. (IDrd, S.) b2: And An obligation, a favour, or a benefit; syn. مِنَّةٌ. (K.) رِبَآءٌ: see رِبًا.

رَبَآءَةٌ: see رُبْوَةٌ.

رَبَاوَةٌ and رُبَاوَةٌ and رِبَاوَةٌ: see رُبْوَةٌ.

رَابٍ Increasing, or augmenting: &c. b2: Hence,] فَأَخَذَهُمْ أَخْذَةً رَابِيَةً, in the Kur [lxix. 10], and He punished them with a punishment exceeding other punishments; (Fr, * S, * M, * K, * Jel;) a vehement punishment. (K.) A2: اِمْرَأَةٌ رَابِيَةٌ A woman affected with what is termed رَبْوٌ; [i. e., out of breath; &c.; (see 1, near the end of the paragraph;)] (T, TA;) as also ↓ رَبْوَآءُ. (TA.) رَابِيَةٌ [as a subst.]: see رُبْوَةٌ, in two places.

أَرْبَى in the Kur xvi. 94 means More numerous, (Bd, Jel,) and more abundant in wealth. (Bd.) أُرْبِيَّةٌ, originally أُرْبُوَّةٌ, (S,) or of the measure فُعْلِيَّةٌ, (M,) The root of the thigh: (Ks, T, S, K:) or the part between the upper portion of the thigh and the lower portion of the بَطْن [or belly]: (ISh, T, K:) or the part between the upper portion of the thigh and the lower portion of the بَظْر [q. v.]: or, accord. to Lh, the root of the thigh, next the بَظْر: (M:) or, as in the A, a portion of flesh, in the root of the thigh, that becomes knotted in consequence of pain: (TA:) there are two parts, together called أُرْبِيَّتَانِ. (S, TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) A man's household, and the sons of the paternal uncle of a man; (T, M, K, TA;) not including any others: (T, M:) or the nearer members of the household of a man. (A, TA.) One says, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فِى أُرْبِيَّتِهِ, and فِى

أُرْبِيَّةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ, (T,) or فِى أُرْبِيَّةِ قَوْمِهِ, (S,) (tropical:) Such a one came among his household, and the sons of his paternal uncle: (T, TA:) or among the people of his house consisting of the sons of his paternal uncles; not of any others. (S.) إِرْبِيَانٌ: see art. ربى.

مُرْبٍ One who practises رِبًا [i. e. usury or the like]. (M, K.) b2: أَر ْضٌ مُرْبِيَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Good land. (M.) مَرْبَاةٌ for مَرْبَأَةٌ: see the latter, in art. ربأ.

مُرَبًّى [Reared, fostered, brought up, fed, or nourished: see 2. b2: And] Made [or preserved] with رُبّ [or inspissated juice, &c. (see 2, last sentence but one)]: you say زَنْجَبِيلٌ مُرَبًّى [Ginger so preserved]; as also مُرَبَّبٌ: (S, K:) and ↓ مُرَبَّيَاتٌ signifies Preserves, or confections, made with رُبّ; like مُرَبَّبَاتٌ. (S in art. رب.) مُرَبَّيَاتٌ: see what next precedes.

ربو: ربا: بمعنى علا. لا يقال رَبَوْت (لين) بدل رَبَأْتُ فقط بل يقال أيضاً رَبَيْتُ. وبمعنى نشأ يقال رَبَيْت وهو الصواب كما ذكر صاحب القاموس (انظر لين)، أما رَبيت فلغة فيها (معجم مسلم).
رَبَّى (بالتشديد): نشَّا ونَّمى. ويقال مجازاً: رَبَّى الصحبة التي لا تزال. بمعنى: جعل صحبته وعشرته ووداده دائماً (دي ساسي ديب 9: 486).
وفي المعجم اللاتيني - العربي: demulcet يهتدن ويُرَبّي.
رابي: أعطى المال بالرباء (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
أربى: زاد، تجاوز الحد. ويقال: أربى على (دي يونج) وانظر بالمعنى الثاني أيضاً (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 252، عباد: 46، بدرون ص173، عبد الواحد ص215).
ويقال: ما يكفيها ويُرْبي أي يزيد، بإيجاز الحذف بمعنى ويُرْبي على ما يكفيها (معجم الإدريسي).
أربى بفلان عن: رفعه ونزهه عن (المقري 2: 110).
رباً: أضف إلى ما ذكره لين: ربا اليد، ربا النساء (= ربا النسيئة عند لين)، وربا القرض. راجع عنها فاندنبرج (ص94 - 95).
رِبْوَة: عشرة آلاف (أبو الوليد ص659، رقم 63، ص661، رقم 82) وتجمع على ربوات (1 نفس المصدر ص662).
رَبِيَّة، ربيات القصر وخوله: الخادمات الجميلات اللائي يرتبن في القصر (دي سلان، تاريخ البربر 1: 483).
رَبِيَّة: درنة في الأُرْبِيَّة تحدث من جرح في القدم تحدث عنها حمَّى شديدة وترجع إذا غمزت (محيط المحيط).
رباية: تربية (بوشر).
رَبيانة: anacyclus tomentosus ( براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 243).
رَبَّايَة: مربية (دومب ص76).
رابية: نبات اسمه العلمي: dactyles repens Deaf ( براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 4: 196، 8: 281).
تَرْبِيَة: عناية، اهتمام (رولاند).
تَرْبِيَة: تهذيب. ففي حياة ابن خلدون (ص208 ق): شيخ وقته جلالةً وتربيةً وعلماً.
تَرْبِيَة: تستعمل هذه الكلمة بمعنى: ترتيب، تنسيق، نظام. ونجد في بعض العبارات أن كلمة ترتيب قد حلت محلها. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 367): فلما أقبلتم لم أر تربيتكم تربية ملوك وإنما رأيتكم طوائف مجتمعين. وفي المقري (1: 132): لِئَلاَّ يدخل الخَلَل الذي يقضي باختلال القواعد وفساد التربية وحلّ الأوضاع. وقد أبدل الناشر السيد رايت في هذه العبارة كلمة التربية بالترتيب، غير أن ما جاء في جميع المخطوطات وما جاء في طبعة بدلات يخالف هذا.
تربية: الفتيان، الشبان، الفتيات، الشابات (ألكالا).
تربية: طفل، غلام وفتاة أيضاً وتجمع على تَرَابِي (ألكالا).
وفي مختارات من قصة عنتر (6: 1، 11) يقول عنتر لعبد مملوك: وَيْلك ولد الزنا وتربية الأمة اللخنا.
وتربية: قدير متبل - من لحم الضأن والبيض والطماطم (دوماس حياة العرب ص251).
تَرْبايَة: تربية، تهذيب (بوشر).
مُرَبَّى: زمن التربية والتهذيب، ففي حياة ابن خلدون (ص231 ق): وكان في قلبه نكتة من الغيرة من لدن اجتمعنا في المُربَّى مجالس الشيوخ فكثيراً ما كان يظهر تفوقي عليه وإنْ كان أسَنَّ مِنّي (وضبط الكلمات في هذه العبارة في المخطوطة) (المقدمة 1: 332، 334، 2: 248، 260، 261، تاريخ البربر 1: 547، 586، 597، 2: 151).
جعل مرباه في طابق (ألف ليلة 2: 68) أي أنه رُبِّيَ في ديماس (سرداب).
مُرَبَّى: مُرَبَّب، عقيد الثمار. وجمعت في معجم بوشر على مربّوات.
مُرَبَّى: لَعوق، معجون عسلي وهو دواء مؤلف بخاصة من العسل (فوك).
مُرَبِّيَة. هو مربية تحت طابق، أي رُبِّيَ في ديماس (يرداب) (ألف ليلة برسل 7: 46، 47).
مُرباة: ربا. الفائدة التي يحصل عليها من المنقود المقترضة (باين سميث 1449).

ظن

1 ظَنَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. ظَنٌّ, (Msb,) [He thought, opined, supposed, or conjectured: and he doubted: and he knew, but not by ocular perception: see ظَنٌّ below:] you say, ظَنَنْتُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. ظَنٌّ; and ↓ اِظَّنَنْتُهُ and اِظْطَنَنْتُهُ; and ↓ تَظَنَّنْتُهُ and تَظَنَّيْتُهُ, this last formed by changing the last ن into ى: [i. e. I thought the thing, &c:] and Lh mentions, as heard from the Benoo-Suleym, ظَنْتُ ذَاكَ i. e. ظَنَنْتُ ذاك [I thought that, &c.] like ظَلْتُ and other instances of the dial. of Suleym. (M.) [In the first of the senses expl. above, it governs two objective complements, which are originally an inchoative and an enunciative:] you say, ظَنَنْتُكَ زَيْدًا [I thought thee Zeyd, originally I thought thou wast Zeyd], and ظَنَنْتُ زَيْدًا إِيَّاكَ [I thought Zeyd thee, originally I thought Zeyd was thou], denoting by a pronoun what is originally an inchoative [in the former phrase] and what is originally an enunciative [in the latter phrase]. (S, TA.) It is also used [in this sense] in the same manner as a verb signifying an oath, the Arabs giving it the same kind of complement, saying, ظَنَنْتُ لَعَبْدُ اللّٰهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ [I thought surely 'Abd-Allah was better than thou]. (S in art. درد.) [ظَنَّ بِهِ كَذَا means I thought of him, or it, such a thing: and I thought such a thing to be in him, or it: and is used in relation to good and to evil.] It is said in the Kur [xxxiii. 10], وَتَطُنُّونَ بِاللّٰهِ الظُّنُونَا [and ye were thinking, of God, various thoughts]. (M.) Accord. to Sb, ظَنَنْتُ بِهِ means I made him, or it, the place [i. e. object] of my ظَنّ [or thought, &c.]. (M.) [In all these exs. the verb denotes a state of mind between doubt and certainty, but the latter is predominant: and hence ظَنَّ sometimes means He doubted: and sometimes, he knew, by considering with endeavour to understand, not by ocular perception; being more frequently used in this sense than as meaning “ he doubted,” though not so frequently as it is in the sense of “ he thought,” whence the meaning “ he knew ” is held by some to be tropical.] إِنَّى, ظَنَنْتُ أَنِّى مُلَاقٍ حِسَابِيَهْ, in the Kur [lxix. 20], means Verily I knew [that I should meet with my reckoning]. (T.) And الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُلَاقُو رَبِّهِمْ, in the same [ii. 43], means Who know [that they shall meet their Lord, lit., be meeters of their Lord]. (Msb.) And ظَنَنْتُ مَا قَالَ, occurring in a trad., means I knew [what he meant to say by his making a sign with his hand]. (TA.) b2: ظَنَنْتُهُ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) aor. as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (M,) signifies also I suspected him; thought evil of him; (M, Mgh, Msb;) and (M) so ↓ اِظَّنَنْتُهُ (S, M, Mgh, K) and اِظْطَنَنْتُهُ (M, TA) and اِطَّنَنْتُهُ. (TA.) [Thus, too, ↓ أَظْنَنْتُهُ accord. to several copies of the S and accord. to the CK; but this is app. a mistranscription.] In the saying of Ibn-Seereen, لَمْ فِى قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ ↓ يَكُنْ عَلِىٌّ يُظَّنُّ, (T, S, K, but in the T مَا كَان,) meaning Alee was not suspected [in the case of the slaying of 'Othmán], (T,) يُظَّنُّ is of the measure يُفْتَعَلُ, originally يُظْتَنُّ: (T, S, K:) so says A'Obeyd: (T:) or, as some relate it, the word is يُطَّنُّ. (TA.) One says, بِكَذَا ↓ هُوَ يُظَّنُّ and يُطَّنُّ, meaning He is suspected of such a thing. (TA in art. طن.) and طَنَنْتُ بِزَيْدٍ and ظَنَنْتُ زَيْدًا I suspected Zeyd: in this sense the verb has a single objective complement. (TA.) 4 أَظْنَنْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I made him to think the thing. (M, TA.) b2: And أَظْنَنْتُ بِهِ النَّاسَ [I made the people to suspect him: or] I exposed him to suspicion; (M, Msb, TA;) [and] so أَظنَنْتُهُ [alone]. (K.) b3: See also 1, last quarter.5 التَّظَنِّى means The exercising, employing, or using, of الظَّنّ [i. e. thought, &c.]; originally التَّظَنُّنُ. (S, K.) A'Obeyd says, تَظَنَّيْتُ is from ظَنَنْتُ, and is originally تَظَنَّنْتُ; the ن being many, one of them is changed into ى: it is like قَصَّيْتُ, which is originally قَصَّصْتُ. (T.) A2: See also 1, first sentence.8 إِظْتَنَ3َ see 1, first sentence: b2: and again, in the last quarter, in three places.

ظَنٌّ is a simple subst. as well as an inf. n.; (TA;) and signifies Thought, opinion, supposition, or conjecture: (Er-Rághib, Mgh, TA:) or a preponderant belief, with the admission that the contrary may be the case: (KT, El-Munáwee, TA:) or a preponderating wavering between the two extremes in indecisive belief: (K:) or an inference from a sign, or mark, or token; when strong, leading to knowledge; and when weak, not exceeding the limit of وَهْم: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or doubt or uncertainty; (T, M;) or it has this meaning also; (Er-Rághib, TA;) contr. of يَقِينٌ: (Msb:) and sometimes it is put in the place, (S, K,) or used in the sense, (Mgh, Msb,) of عِلْمٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) or يَقِينٌ, (Msb,) [i. e. knowledge, or certainty,] in which sense it is [held by some to be] tropical; (Mgh;) or it signifies also knowledge, or certainty, (يَقِينٌ, T, M,) such as is obtained by considering with endeavour to understand, not by ocular perception, (M,) or not such as relates to an object of sense: (MF:) and it also means suspicion, or evil opinion: (Er-Rághib, TA: [but in this last sense, ظِنَّةٌ is more common:]) as a subst., (TA,) its pl. is ظُنُونٌ and أَظَانِينُ, (M, K, TA,) the latter anomalous, or (as ISd says, TA) it may be pl. of ↓ أُظْنُونَةٌ, but this I do not know. (M, TA.) One says, هُوَ سَيِّئُ الظَّنِّ بِكُلِّ أَحَدٍ [He is evil in opinion of everyone]. (M.) [And سَآءَ ظَنُّهُ بِفُلَانٍ

His opinion of such a one was evil.] And عِلْمُهُ بِالشَّىْءِ ظُنُونٌ [His knowledge is but opinions]; meaning that no confidence is to be placed in him. (TA.) ظِنَّةٌ Suspicion, or evil opinion; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also طِنَّةٌ; the ظ being changed into ط, though there is no إِدْغَام in this case, because of their being accustomed to say اِطَّنَّ [for اِظَّنَّ, which is for اِظْطَنَّ]; an instance like الدِّكْرُ, which is made to accord with اِدَّكَرَ [for اِذَّكَرَ, which is for اِذْدَكَرَ], as mentioned by Sb; (M;) and ↓ ظَنَانَةٌ, (so accord. to a copy of the M,) or ↓ ظِنَانَةٌ, like كِتَابَةٌ, (TA,) signifies the same: (M, TA:) the pl. of ظِنَّةٌ is ظِنَنٌ. (S, K.) One says, عِنْدَهُ ظِنَّتِى and هُوَ ظِنَّتِى, meaning He is the place [i. e. object] of my suspicion. (TA.) b2: And [hence] (assumed tropical:) A little [like the French “ soupçon ”] of a thing. (TA.) ظُنَنٌ: see ظَنَّانٌ.

ظَنُونٌ A man who thinks evil (S, M) of everyone. (M.) b2: A man possessing little good or goodness: or, as some say, of whom one asks [a thing] thinking that he will refuse, and who is as he was thought to be: (M:) [or] ↓ ظَنِينٌ has this latter meaning. (TA.) b3: A man in whose goodness no trust, or confidence, is to be placed. (M.) And Anything in which no trust, or confidence, is to be placed, (M, TA,) of water, and of other things; (TA;) as also ↓ ظَنِينٌ. (M, TA.) A well (بِئْرٌ) having little water, (S, M, K,) in the water of which no trust, or confidence, is to be placed: (M:) or a well, (S, K,) or a drinkingplace, (M,) of which one knows not whether there be in it water or not: (S, M, K:) or water which one imagines, or supposes, to exist, but of which one is not sure. (TA.) كُلُّ مَنِيَّةٍ ظَنُونٌ

إِلَّا القَتْلَ فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ is a saying mentioned, but not expl., by IAar; [app. meaning Every death is doubtful as to its consequence except slaughter in the way, or cause, of God; but ISd says,] in my opinion the meaning is that it is of little good and profit. (M.) دَيْنٌ ظَنُونٌ means A debt of which one knows not whether he who owes it will pay it or not: (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, * K:) it is said in a trad. of 'Omar that there is no poorrate in the case of such a debt. (TA.) b4: Also A man suspected in relation to his intellect, or intelligence. (Aboo-Tálib, TA.) And A woman suspected in relation to her grounds of pretension to respect, or honour, on account of lineage &c. (TA.) And A woman of noble rank or quality, who is taken in marriage, (M, K,) from a desire of obtaining off spring by her, when she is advanced in age. (M.) b5: Also A weak man. (K. [See also ظَنينٌ.]) b6: And A man having little artifice, cunning, ingenuity, or skill. (K.) ظَنِينٌ Suspected; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to a man; (S, M;) i. q. ↓ مَظْنُونٌ, (Mbr, Msb,) in this sense: (Msb:) pl. أَظِنَّآءُ. (M, TA.) Thus in the saying in the Kur [lxxxi. 24], وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِظَنِينٍ, (T, M, Msb,) meaning And he is not suspected as to what he makes known from God, of the knowledge of that which is undiscoverable, as is related on the authority of 'Alee: or, accord. to Fr, it may mean weak; for ظَنِينٌ may have this meaning like as ظَنُونٌ has: (T:) some read بِضَنينٍ. (TA in art. ضن, q. v.) شَهَادَةُ ظَنِينٍ, which is said in a trad. to be not allowable, is The testimony of one who is suspected as to his religion. (TA.) And نَفْسٌ

↓ ظَنَّآءُ means [A soul, or person,] suspected. (TA.) b2: Also One who treats or regards another, or others, with enmity, or hostility; (T, M;) because of his evil opinion and the evil opinion of which he is an object. (M.) b3: See also ظَنُونٌ, in two places.

ظَنَانَةٌ or ظِنَانَةٌ: see ظِنَّةٌ.

ظَنَّآءُ: see ظَنِينٌ.

ظَنَّانٌ One who opines, or conjectures, much [and] in an evil manner; as also ↓ ظُنَنٌ. (TA.) أَظَنُّ [Such as is more, or most, fit that one should think of him to do a thing]. You say, نَظَرْتُ إِلَى أَظَنِّهِمْ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ I looked towards him who was the most fit of them that I should think of him to do that. (M, TA.) أُظْنُونَةٌ: see ظَنٌّ, near the end.

مَظِنَّةٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb, TA,) of which مَظَنَّةٌ, mentioned by Ibn-Málik and others, and مِظَنَّةٌ, are dial. vars., (TA,) or [rather] مَظِنَّةُ شَىْءٍ, (IF, S, Msb, K, TA,) signifies The place, (IF, S, Msb, K, TA,) and the accustomed place, (IF, S, Msb, TA,) in which is thought to be the existence, (S, K, TA,) of a thing; (IF, S, Msb, K, TA;) [a place] where a thing is thought to be: (M:) or it signifies, (Mgh, Msb,) or signifies also, (S,) a place where a thing is known to be: (S, Mgh, Msb:) [a thing, and a person, in which, or in whom, a thing, or quality, is thought, supposed, presumed, suspected, inferred, known, or accustomed, to be, or exist:] accord. to IAth, by rule it should be مَظَنَّةٌ: (TA:) [it may therefore be properly rendered a cause of thinking, &c., the existence of a thing; and مَظِنَّةٌ لِكَذَا may be well expl. as meaning a thing, and a person, that occasions one's thinking, supposing, presuming suspecting, inferring, or knowing, the existence of such a thing or quality, in it, or in him: and hence, an indication, or evidence, or a symptom, diagnostic, characteristic, sign, mark, or token, of the existence of such a thing or quality:] the pl. is مَظَانُّ. (M, Mgh, Msb, TA.) One says, مَوْضِعُ كَذَا مَظِنَّةٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ i. e. Such a place is a place in which such a one is known [&c.] to be. (S, TA.) And فُلَانٌ مَظِنَّةٌ مِنْ كَذَا i. e. Such a one is one in whom such a thing, or quality, is known [&c.] to be. (Lh, T.) And فُلَانٌ مَظِنَّةٌ لِلْخَيْرِ i. e. Such a one is one in whom good, or goodness, is thought [&c.] to be. (Ham p. 437.) And En-Nábighah says, فَإِنْ يَكُ عَامِرٌ قَدْ قَالَ جَهْلًا فَإِنَّ مَظِنَّةَ الجَهْلِ الشَّبَابُ [And if 'Ámir has spoken ignorantly, verily youthfulness is a state in which ignorance is usually found to exist]: (S, Msb: *) or, as some relate the verse, السِّبَابُ [so that the meaning is, mutual reviling is an act in which &c.]: (S:) or, accord. to another relation, the latter hemistich is فَإِنَّ مَطِيَّةَ الجَهْلِ الشَّبَابُ (S, * TA;) because one finds it [i. e. youthfulness] to be easy like as he does the beast on which one rides. (TA.) And one says also, طَلَبَهُ مَظَانَّهُ [He sought him, or it, in the places where he, or it, was thought to be;] meaning, by night and by day. (TA.) And إِنَّهُ لَمَظِنَّةٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ i. e. Verily he is apt, meet, fitted, or suited, for one to think of his doing that: and in like manner one says of two, and of a pl. number, and of a female. (Lh, M.) مَظْنُونٌ [Thought, opined, &c.: see its verb: and] see ظَنِينٌ. Applied to a narrative, or story, it means [Doubted; or] of which one is not to be made to know the real state. (TA in art. رجم.) In lexicology, A word of the class termed آحَادٌ [q. v.]. (Mz 3rd نوع.)