رد

أ1 رَدَأَ الحَائِطَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. رَدْءٌ,] He supported, propped, or stayed, the wall, (ISh, T, K,) by means of a piece of timber or wood, or a buttress or the like, to prevent its falling; (ISh, T;) as also ↓ ارادأهُ: (Yoo, T, K:) or رَدَأَ الحَائِطَ بِبِنَآءٍ [he supported the wall by a structure;] he attached a structure to the wall. (M.) b2: Hence, (T,) رَدَأَهُ بِهِ He strengthened and supported him, or it, by means of it, (Lth, T, M, * K,) namely, a person by a thing, (Lth, T,) or a thing by a thing, (M,) like as one strengthens and supports a wall by means of a structure which he attaches thereto; (T;) as also ↓ ارادأهُ. (T, * K.) And رَدَأَهُ, (Mgh, TA,) inf. n. رَدْءٌ, (Mgh,) He helped, aided, or assisted, him; (Mgh, TA;) as also ↓ اردأهُ: (T, S, M, Msb, K:) and رَدَأْتُهُ and ↓ أَرْدَأْتُهُ, (T,) or بِنَفْسِى ↓ أَرْدَأْتُهُ, (S,) I was, or became, a helper, an aider, or an assistant, to him. (T, S.) b3: Hence also, (i. e., from ردأ الحَائط,) رَدَأَ الإِبِلَ (tropical:) He took good care of the camels, (A, K, TA,) in tending and pasturing them. (A, TA.) b4: and رَدَأَهُ بِحَجَرٍ He cast a stone at him; (M, K;) like [رَدَاهُ, mentioned in art. ردى, and] دَرَأَهُ. (M.) A2: رَدُؤَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَدَآءَةٌ, (T, S, M, K, &c.,) for which one should not say رَدَاوَةٌ; (T;) and Th mentions also رَدَأَ and رَدِىءَ as syn. with رَدُؤَ, but these are strange; and more strange is what is said in the Msb, namely, رَدَا aor. ـْ part. n. رَدِىٌّ, [as a dial. var.,] asserted by IDrst, in the Expos. of the Fs, to be erroneous, and peculiar to the vulgar; (MF, TA;) It (a thing, T, S, M, Msb,) [and he, see رَدِىْءٌ, its part. n.,] was, or became, bad, corrupt, vitious, depraved, or the like; (S, M, Msb, * K;) or of no rank, or estimation; low, ignoble, vile, or mean; (Msb;) [disapproved, disliked, hated, or abominable: (see رَدِىْءٌ:)] and he was, or became, weak, and impotent, so as to be in want or need. (TA from the Expositions of the Fs.) 2 رَدَّاَ see the next paragraph.4 اردأهُ: see 1, in five places. b2: Also He settled, established, or confirmed, him, or it, (K, TA,) in his, or its, state. (TA.) b3: He stilled, or quieted, him, or it. (K.) b4: And He let it down; namely, a veil, or curtain. (K.) A2: Also He rendered it bad, corrupt, vitious, depraved, or the like; (S, K;) namely, a thing; said of a man; (S;) [and ↓ ردّآهُ is used in the same sense: (see 1 in art. جشب:)] he made, or asserted, or held, it (a thing) to be رَدِىء [or bad, &c.]. (TA.) b2: And اردأ signifies He did a thing, or a deed, that was رَدِىْء [or bad, &c.]: or he met with, or experienced, (أَصَابَ,) a thing that was رَدِىْء. (M, K.) A3: اردأ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ It exceeded another thing; as also أَرْدَى: (M:) [or the latter only:] accord. to IAar, one says اردأ عَلَى السِّتِّينَ, with ء, (M,) and, accord. to Lth, على الخَمْسِينَ, (TA,) and, [accord. to F,] على مِائَةٍ, (K,) meaning He exceeded [the age of sixty, and fifty, and a hundred]: (M, K, TA:) but Az says that اردأ, with ء, [in these phrases,] though authorized by Lth, is wrong; (TA;) and accord. to A' Obeyed, one says أَرْدَيْتُ. (M. [It is added, however, in the M, that اردأ may perhaps be also used in poetry in the same sense without the prep. على.]) 5 تَرَدَّؤُوا They helped, aided, or assisted, one another. (Lth, M, TA.) رِدْءٌ A buttress, or the like, by means of which a wall is strengthened and supported. (T.) [This is the primary signification. See also رِدٌّ, in art. رد.] b2: [Or] the primary meaning is A thing by means of which one is helped, aided, or assisted; such as the دِفْء [or thing by which one is rendered warm, or protected from the cold wind]. (Bd in xxviii. 34; where it has the meaning next following, as is said in the T and S.) b3: A helper, an aider, or an assistant. (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) You say, فُلَانٌ رِدْءٌ لِفُلَانٍ Such a one is an aider and a strengthener to such a one. (T.) b4: And i. q. مَادَّةٌ [app. as meaning An accession; or a thing that is added, whatever it be, to another thing]. (M, K.) b5: And (tropical:) i. q. عِدْلٌ [i. e. A burden that balances another burden on the other side of a beast]; (T, TA;) so called because one such ردء supports another: (TA:) and a heavy عِدْل: (T, K, TA:) pl. أَرْدَآءٌ. (T, TA.) رِدَآءٌ: see art. ردى.

رَدِىْءٌ, applied to a thing, (T, S, M, Msb,) and to a man, (M, TA,) Bad, corrupt, vitious, depraved, or the like; (S, M, Msb, * K;) of no rank, or estimation; low, ignoble, vile, or mean; (Msb;) disapproved, disliked, hated, or abominable: and weak, and impotent, so as to be in want or need: and accord to the Msb, one says also رَدِىٌّ; [there said to be a dial. var.;] but this is asserted by IDrst, in the Expos. of the Fs, to be erroneous, and peculiar to the vulgar: (TA:) pl. أَرْدِئَآءُ, with two hemzehs, (M, K,) applied to a people, or company of men. (M.) أَرْدَأُ Worse, and worst; more, and most, corrupt &c.]

مِرْدَأَةٌ A stone which a strong man can hardly lift with both his hands; (TA;) as also مِرْدَاةٌ. (ISh, TA in art. ردى.)

حفل

1 حَفَلَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَفْلٌ and حُفُولٌ and حَفِيلٌ, said of water, and of milk (K) in the udder (TA) [or breast], It collected; as also ↓ تحِفّل and ↓ احتفل. (K, TA. [In the CK, احَتَفَلَهُ is erroneously put for احْتَفَلَ.]) And حَفْلٌ signifies The collecting of water, i. e. its becoming collected, in its مَحْفِل, meaning its place of collecting. (TA.) b2: حَفَلَ الدَّمْعُ, (M, K,) inf. n. حَفْلٌ, (TA,) The tears became copious. (M, K, TA.) In some copies of the K, نثر is here erroneously put for كَثُرَ. (TA.) b3: حَفَلَ الوَادِى

بِالسَّيْلِ The valley brought the torrent so as that it filled its sides; as also ↓ احتفل: (K:) or the latter signifies the valley became filled by the torrent: (S:) or احتفل الوادى the valley became full, and flowed. (Msb.) b4: حَفَلَتِ السَّمَآءُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. حَفْلٌ, (S,) The sky rained vehemently: (K:) or the rain fell profusely. (S, * M, TA.) b5: حَفَلَتْ, said of a woman, She collected the milk in her breasts. (TA.) And of camels, one says, (K in art. شكر,) حَفَلَتْ مِنَ الرَّبِيعِ [They abounded in milk, or had their udders full, from the herbage called ربيع]. (S and K in that art. [See حَافِلٌ.]) b6: حَفَلَ القَوْمُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. حَفْلٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ احتفلوا; (S, Msb, K;) The people, or party, collected themselves together (S, Msb, K) in a sitting-place: (Msb:) they collected themselves together, aiding one another, or for one thing or affair; syn. احتشدوا. (S.) And حَفَلُوا لَهُ They combined for him, [or on his account,] and took pains, or exerted themselves, in treating him with courtesy and honour; as also حَشَدُوا لَهُ. (Fr, L in art. حشد.) b7: See also 8.

A2: حَفَلَهُ: see 2.

A3: حَفَلْتُ بِفُلَانٍ I managed, or conducted, the affair, or affairs, of such a one. (Msb.) And بِالأُمُورِ ↓ احتفل He managed, or conducted, affairs, or the affairs, well. (IDrd, K.) b2: حَفَلْتُ كَذَا, aor. ـِ I cared for, minded, heeded, or regarded, such a thing. (S.) And مَا حَفَلَهُ, and مَا حَفَلَ بِهِ, aor. ـِ (M, K,) inf. n. حَفْلٌ; (TA;) and بِهِ ↓ ما احتفل [and لَهُ; so in the T and TA in art. ربأ]; He did not care for, mind, heed, or regard, it, or him. (M, K.) And لَا تَحْفِلْ بِهِ Do not thou care for, mind, &c., it, or him. (S.) And لَا تَحْفِلْ بِأَمْرهِ Do not thou ask his affair, nor be disquieted thereby. (Msb.) A4: حَفَلَهُ, aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. حَفْلٌ, (TA,) He, or it, made it, or rendered it, clear, unobscured, apparent, plainly apparent, or conspicuous; (S, TA;) as, for instance, black hair the colour of a pearl, increasing [in appearance] its whiteness; (TA;) exposed it to view; displayed it; syn. جَلَاهُ [perhaps here signifying also he polished it]. (S, TA.) 2 حفّلُه, (Mgh, * Msb, K,) inf. n. تَحْفِيلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ حَفَلَهُ, (K,) inf. n. حَفْلٌ; (TA;) He collected it, or caused it to collect; (Mgh, Msb, K;) namely, water, (K,) and milk (Mgh, Msb, K) in the udder (Mgh) of a ewe or she-goat, (Mgh, Msb,) or of a she-camel, or of a cow, in order to deceive the purchaser, that he might increase the price. (Mgh.) Hence one says, حفّل الشَّاةَ, (S, * Msb, K, *) or البَقَرَةَ, or النَّاقَةَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, K,) He abstained from milking the ewe or she-goat, (S, Msb, K, *) or the cow, or the she-camel, (TA,) for some days, in order that the milk might collect in her udder, for sale, (S, K, *) or until the milk collected in her udder. (Msb.) The Prophet forbade the doing this. (S.) A2: He adorned him, or it. (K, * TA.) 5 تحفّل: see 1, first signification. b2: Also, said of a sitting-place, It abounded with company; had many persons in it. (ISd, K.) A2: He adorned himself; (K;) as also ↓ احتفل. (TA.) and تَحَفَّلِى لِزَوْجِكِ Adorn thyself that thou mayest be in favour with thy husband. (TA.) and ↓ العَرُوسُ تَحْتَفِلُ The bride adorns herself. (TA.) b2: It was, or became, clear, unobscured, apparent, plainly apparent, conspicuous, exposed to view, or displayed; (S;) as also ↓ احتفل: (S, K: *) each is quasi-pass. of حَفَلَهُ as explained in the last sentence of the first paragraph in this art.: (S:) the latter, said of a road, means It was, or became, apparent. (As, K.) 8 احتفل: see 1, in five places: A2: and 5, in three places.

A3: اِحْتِفَالٌ also signifies The exceeding the usual, or ordinary, or the just, or proper, bounds, or degree; acting egregiously, or immoderately, or extravagantly; striving, or labouring; exerting oneself, or one's power or efforts or endeavours or ability; or the like; syn. مُبَالَغَةٌ; and so حَفيلٌ [an inf. n. of ↓ حَفَلَ]. (M, K.) b2: and اَحتفل, said of a horse, He showed his rider that he had attained his utmost speed of running, and yet had some remaining power. (AO, K.) حَفْلٌ A company of men; as in the saying, عِنْدَهُ حَفْلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ [With him, or at his abode, is a company of men]: originally an inf. n. (S.) b2: جَمْعٌ حَفْلٌ and ↓ حَفِيلٌ [which latter is also originally an inf. n. (see 1 and 8)] A numerous company. (K.) A2: ذُوحَفْلٍ, (K,) and ↓ ذو حَفْلَةٍ, (S, K,) and ↓ حَفِيلٌ, (K,) فِى أَمْرِهِ, (TA,) A man who exerts himself, or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability, or who takes pains or extraordinary pains, in that which he sets about. (S, K, TA.) And ↓ أَخَذَ لِلْأَمْرِ حَفْلَتَهُ He strove, or laboured; exerted himself, or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability; or took pains or extraordinary pains; in the affair. (Sgh, K.) حِفْلٌ: see حُفَالَةٌ.

حَفْلَةٌ: see حَفْلٌ, in two places: and see also جَاؤُوا بِحَفِيلَتِهِمْ, below.

دَعَاهُمُ الحَفَلَى and ↓ الأَجْفَلَى dial. vars. of الجَفَلَى and الأَجْفَلَى, (M, K,) which are more common; meaning He invited them with their company. (M, TA. [See art. جفل.]) حُفَالٌ Milk collected. (IAar, K.) b2: A great company. (IAar, K.) حَفُولٌ: see حَافِلٌ. b2: Also, applied to a woman, Beautiful, goodly, or comely; syn. جَمِيلَةٌ: (Ibn-'Abbád, TA:) pl. حَفَائِلُ, or, as some say, حَوَافِلُ. (TA.) حَفِيلٌ: see حَفْلٌ, in two places.

حُفَالَةٌ The bad, or vile, of anything: (As, S:) of wheat, what comes forth and is thrown away; [like حُثَالَةٌ;] (TA;) and ↓ حِفْلٌ [in like manner] signifies the حُثَالَة of wheat: (AA, TA:) also, the former, what is thin, of the dregs of oil (K, TA) and perfume, (TA,) and of the froth of milk: (CK:) or it signifies also the froth of milk: (ISd, K, TA:) and the worthless of mankind; those in whom is no good; (As, S;) like حُثَالَةٌ; (As, S, K;) as in the saying هُوَ مِنْ حُفَالَتِهِمْ [He is of the worthless of them]. (As. S.) جَاؤُوا بِحَفِيلَتِهِمْ They came, all of them, or all together: (M, K:) in the O, ↓ بِحَفْلَتِهِمْ. (TA.) b2: كَانَ حَفِيلَةُ مَا أَعْطَى دِرْهَمًا The utmost amount that he gave was a dirhem. (TA.) حَافِلٌ A valley, and a small water-course (شُعْبَةٌ), flowing with a copious torrent. (S.) An udder full of milk: (S:) or having much milk: pl. حُفَّلٌ (K) and حَوَافِلُ also: (Har p. 131:) it has also the latter meaning applied to a ewe or she-goat; (K;) pl. حُفُلٌ: (TA:) and so have حَافِلَةٌ and ↓ حَفُولٌ applied to a she-camel. (K.) مَدَامِعُ حُفَّلٌ Copious flowings of tears. (TA.) دَعَاهُمُ الأَحْفَلَى: see الحَفَلَى.

مَحْفِلٌ A place of collecting of water. (TA.) b2: A place of assembling, or congregating, (T, S, Msb, K,) of a people; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ مُحْتَفَلٌ: (S, K:) or a place of assembling, or congregating, of many persons: (El-Ámidee, MF:) or a place in which is an assembly, or congregation: (El-Munáwee, TA:) and a sittingplace: (T, TA:) pl. مَحَافِلُ. (Msb.) b3: [and The elevated platform for the مُبَلِّغُون in a mosque; also (in Egypt) called دَكَّةٌ, vulg. دِكَّة, it is surrounded by a low railing or parapet, and generally supported by small columns.]

مُحَفَّلَةٌ A ewe, or she-goat, left unmilked (S, Msb) for some days, in order that the milk may collect in her udder, for sale, (S,) or until the milk has collected in her udder: (Msb:) or a ewe, or she-goat, or a she-camel, or a cow, whose milk has been made to collect in the udder, in order to deceive the purchaser, that he may increase the price: (Mgh:) originally مُحَفَّلٌ لَبَنُهَا. (Msb.) مُحَافِلٌ Contending for superiority in number &c. (TA.) b2: هُوَ مُحَافِظٌ عَلَى حَسَبِهِ مُحَافِلٌ He is one who preserves his nobility, or honourableness. (Az, K.) مُحْتَفَلٌ: see مَحْفِلٌ. b2: Also The most fleshy part of the flesh of the thigh and shank. (TA.) b3: And The main part of an affair: (TA:) [and likewise of a place, or tract, or region; for]

مُحْتَفَلُ البَيْدَآءِ signifies the main part of the desert; syn. مُعْظَمُهَا and مُتَجَمَّعُهَا. (TA in art. جمع.)

كبرت

Q. 1 كَبْرَتَ بَعِيرَهُ He smeared his camel over with كِبْرِيت [or sulphur], (K,) mixed with grease, and with خَضَخَاض, which is a kind of نِفْط [or naphtha], black, and of a thin consistence; not قَطِرَان; for this is the black, thick, expressed juice of a certain tree. (TS.) This is done to cure the scab, for the removal of which it is very efficacious. (TA.) كِبْرِيتٌ [Brimstone, or sulphur;] a thing well known; (S, art. كبر;) one of the kinds of stone with which fire is kindled, or it (red كبريت TA) is a mineral whereof the mine is beyond EtTubbat, [or the country of Et-Tibbet, in Tartary,] in the Valley of the Ants, (K,) by which Solomon passed, (TA,) [as related in the Kur, xxvii. 18]: or [the product of] a spring, or source, whereof the water, when it congeals, becomes white, and yellow, and dusky-coloured, كبريت: (Lth, in the T:) MF says, I have seen it in several places; among these, in one which is near El-Maláleeh, between Fás and Miknáseh; by swimming in which, persons are cured of the venereal disease, and other disorders: also in Africa Proper, in the midst of Barkah, in a place called البرج; and in other places: (TA:) Aristotle says, that, among the different kinds of كبريت are the red, of an excellent colour; and the white, which resembles dust; and the yellow: the source of the red is in the West: it does not appear in its place: the yellow is found near the ocean, a league (or leagues, as in the TA,) from it: it is useful in cases of epilepsy, and apoplexy, and megrim, and palpitation: and it enters into the preparations of gold: the white blackens white substances; and it is sometimes mixed and concealed in the sources of running water, which sources have a fetid odour: the person who plunges into these waters in times when the air is temperate is cured by them of wounds, and swellings, and scab, and wind in the womb, and [the leprosy called] سَلَع, that arises from black bile: Ibn-Seenà [Avicenna] also says, that كبريت, untouched by fire, is one of the remedies for the leprosy (بَرَص): that, mixed with the gum of the turpentine-tree, it removes marks on the nails: that, mixed with vinegar, it removes the [leprous-like discolouration of the skin called]

بَهَق, and the ringworm, or tetter, (قُوَبَاء,) especially with the gum of the turpentine-tree: that, with natron and water, it is an embrocation for the بَرَص [or, as in the TA, for the نِقْرِس, or gout): and that fumigation therewith stops a rheum: and others say, that, if yellow كبريت be powdered, and sprinkled upon a place affected with سلعة, it has a good effect: that fumigation therewith whitens the hair: that serpents and fleas flee from the scent of it, especially if [mixed] with an unguent, or with the hoof of an ass; and that the fumigation therewith beneath a citrontree of the kind called أُتْرُجّ causes all the fruits of it to fall. (El-Kazweenee.) Several authors say, that the ت in كبريت is an augmentative letter, and that the proper place of the word is in art. كبر. IDrd thinks it to be not genuine Arabic. (TA.) [Golius thinks it to be from the Persian كُوكُرْدْ (or كُوكُرْدْ): or rather, he adds, from the Hebrew נּפְּרִיח Gen. xix. 24.] b2: أَعَزُّمِنَ الكِبْرِيتِ الأَحْمَرِ [More rare than red brimstone, or sulphur]. A proverb. Some say, that كبريت احمر [meaning as above] is a thing that does not exist: others, that by it is meant gold. (Meyd.) This phrase is similar to أَعَزُّ مِنْ بَيْضِ الأَنُوقِ. (S, art. كبر.) b3: كِبْرِيتٌ also signifies gold: (K:) [see above:] or red gold: or red [as an epithet applied to gold]: (TA:) or pure, as an epithet applied to gold. (S, art. كبر.) Ru-beh says, هَلْ يَنْفَعَنِّى كَذِبٌ سِخْتِيتُ أَوْ فِضَّةٌ أَوْ ذَهَبٌ كِبْرِيتُ [Will vehement lying profit me, or silver, or pure gold?] (S, art. كبر.) IAar says, Ru-beh imagined that كبريت meant gold: upon which MF observes, that the ancient Arabs erred with respect to meanings, though not with respect to words. The latter author, however, supposes كبريت to be fig. used as signifying gold; for they use the expression الكبريت الاحمر [as applied to gold] because gold is [said to be] prepared therefrom, and it is used in alchymical processes. (TA.) b4: كِبْرِيتٌ also signifies The red jacinth, or ruby; syn. يَاقُوتٌ أَحْمَرُ. (K.)

فرهد

Q. 2 تَفَرْهَدَ, said of a boy, or youth, not of a man, He became fat. (TA. [See also فُرْهُدٌ, and مُفَرْهَدٌ.]) فَرْهَدٌ: see the next paragraph, in three places.

فُرْهَدٌ (S, M, O, L, K) and ↓ فُرْهُودٌ (M, L, K) A boy, or youth, (L,) fat, or compact in make, (حَادِرٌ,) and thick; (S, M, O, L, K;) as also ↓ فَرْهَدٌ: (O:) and soft, thin-skinned, and plump: (M, O, * K:) some assign this meaning to قُرْهَدٌ, but others say that this is a corruption, and it is correctly with ف: and one says also غُلَامٌ فُلْهُدٌ, meaning a plump boy or youth: (L:) also, (K,) or فُرْهُدٌ [only], (TA,) or ↓ فُرْهُودٌ, (IDrd, O,) a boy, or youth, (IDrd, O, K, TA) not a man, (IDrd, O,) plump (IDrd, O, K, TA) in body, (TA,) and beautiful (IDrd, O, K, TA) in face; (TA;) as also ↓ فَرْهَدٌ: (K:) and فُرْهُدٌ and ↓ فَرْهَدٌ signify a boy, or youth, that has nearly attained to puberty. (O. [See also فَلْهَدٌ and فَوْهَدٌ.]) b2: Also, i. e. the first and second, (L, K,) or ↓ فُرْهُودٌ, which is of the dial. of Azd, (O,) The whelp of a lion; (O, L, K;) of the dial. of 'Omán: the pl. [of ↓ فُرْهُودٌ, or] of فُرْهُدٌ, accord. to Kr, is فَرَاهِيدٌ; but ISd distrusts his authority on a matter of this kind. (L.) فُرْهُودٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places. b2: Also A young mountain-kid. (L, K.) b3: And [the pl.] فَرَاهِيدُ signifies Young lambs or kids. (O, K.) مُفَرْهَدٌ A fat boy or youth. (TA.)