وفى:
وفى: مضارعها بالعامية يوفى (بقطر) وفي: لا يقال وفى بوعده، حسب بل يقال أيضاً وعدَه أي حافظ عليه (بقطر)؛ ويلاحظ هنا الحذف البلاغي في قولنا وفي لفلان (النويري أسبانيا 440): فأمنه ووفى له.
وفي: أتم، أنهى، أنجز، حقق؛ وفي ب: قضى وطراً accomplir un dessien ( عبد الواحد 3:274): وإن يكن غير ذلك فما أنا بأول مَنْ اجتهد فحرم الإصابة ولم يقع على المراد ولا وفي بالمقصود.
وفي القانون: أنهى عقوبته (بقطر).
وفي ديناً: سدده، وفى ما عليه سدد الذي عليه من التزامات، وفى جانباً سدد جزءاً من دينه؛ وفى عن أحد أي سدد ديناً عن الأخر، أي ما بذمة شخص ثالث؛ وفي ما عليه أو وفى حق الطبيعة: دفع دين الإنسانية أي بالوفاة (بقطر).
وفي ب: وازى، ففي (بدرون 2:257): رفض المال الذي أعطاه له الخليفة إلا انه قال سأقبل ما يفي بهذا المال ويزيد قال ما هو قال كتاب يوجد بالعراق .. الخ وفي (دي ساسي كرست 3:1 و2): لم أجسر على مفاتحة أيَّ من التجار لكي يعيرني هذا المبلغ وإن كان معي رهن يفي بالقيمة (ويجرز 9:43) (أنظر ما يأتي).
وفى: يباع بكذا، قيمته كذا couter ( همبرت 105).
وفي ب: عادل، وازى، كان كافياً ل ... (محيط المحيط، أبو الفداء): إن خراج مصر لا يفي بهدمهما (ياقوت 4:96:2).
وفى: انقطع، كف عن الاستمرار (هلو؟). وفى: توفى عند (فريتاج). ينبغي ملاحظة إن العبارة التي وردت في (ألف ليلة) التي استشهد بها -أي فريتاج- ينبغي إبدال كلمة فيفي فبقى وفقاً لنص المخطوطة والطبعات الأخرى ووفقاً للملاحظة التي بينها (فليشر) في (ص47 من معجمه) مضيفاً إن وفى لا تعني أتى. مع ذلك فان الفعل يعني هذا المعنى في (القليوبي. المطبوع 11:33 ليز): فاجتمع رأيهما أن يذهبا إلى مالك بن دينار فقصداه فوفياه في سواد البصرة قد جلس للعامة يعظهم وإن (ويجرز 88، رقم 84) يقول إن هذا المعنى كثيراً ما يتكرر في الأشعار التي نقلها (ابن حبيب)؛ وأخيراً ينبغي في شطر بيت من أبيات (ابن زيدون) التي استشهد بها ونشرها (في 9:43): يفي بنسيم العنبر الورد ريحها: أن نفسر بقي بالفعل يعادل أو يساوي equivaloir: يوازيه ولا يقصر عنه.
وفّى جهده: بذل كل ما في استطاعته (دي سلان المقدمة 24:1).
وفّى: دفع أو ساعد أحداً في عمل يزيد من مدخولاته أو رهونه ... الخ (الكالا).
وفّى رسماً: أيد التصرف بوضع العنوان على مغلف الرسالة (دي ساسي دبلوماسية
10:468:9).
وفّى: أضاف (فوك) = زاد؛ كفّيت ووفيت أي لم أعد بحاجة إلى المزيد، لقد أخذتُ كل ما يلزمني، لم أعد بحاجة إلى شيء (بقطر).
وفّى: أتى: مثل وافى (أنظر شطر بيت ابن زيدون المار ذكره): venire ( ويجرز 2:24، المقري 63:2، وبيان 289:2 الذي ذكر بيت ابن زيدون مختلفاً قليلاً وجعله بمعنى وافى أيضاً).
وافى ب: أتى ب: (ويجرز 1:25 في المخطوطتين المذكورتين في الملاحظة C ورد ذكر وافى التي وجدتها أيضاً في مخطوطة A في -القلائد- وفي ابن بسّام 94:1).
وفّى: أنظر اسم المفعول في ما سيأتي.
وافى: أتى ولا يتعدى فعل بوافاه فقط بل بالجر أيضاً فيقال وافى إلى فلان (معجم أبي الفداء).
وافى: وجد، لقي (كليلة ودمنة 1:211): يهمني انك تأتي منزلي فلا توافى أمري كما أحب لان زوجتي مريضة أرى أن (وافى) هنا معناها أتى، لقي.
أوفى: وصل تماماً .. (دي ساسي كرست 6:59:1): تقص ماء النيل ولم يوف ستة عشر ذراعاً.
أوفى: يضمّ إلى (فوك، الكالا): = زاد، ضاعفَ redoubler.
أوفى فرساناً: وضع قطعاتٍ في الحامية (الكالا).
أوفى: حين يتعدى هذا الفعل بحرف الجر ب يفيد معنى اشرف (ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه -اوتوت- 231): ثم طرقني مرض أوفي بي على المنية (البربرية 165:2): أوفوا به على رتب الاصطناع والتنويه (4:350).
توفَّي: مات، وتقال أيضاً على سبيل الفكاهة للتعبير عن أفكار تجريدية abstraites وعلى سبيل المثال ما ورد في (22:1).
خرجت أطلب رزقي ... وجدت رزقي تُوُفّي
تَوفّي: تصحيف، تُوفِيَ وفي (محيط المحيط): (توفاه الله قبض روحه وتوفّي فلان على المجهول قبضت روحه ومات. فالله المتوفّى والعبد المتوفى. ومن أقبح أغلاط العوام قولهم توفَّى فلان بصيغة المعلوم. أي مات. فهو متوفٍ قيل مر بعضهم جنازة فسأل من المتوفى يريد الميت فقيل له الله تعالى. يريد به القابض الروح). وقد وقع هذا الخطأ في بلاد الأندلس أيضاً لأن (فوك) جعل mori مرادفاً لتَوَفَّى.
استوفى: تقال عن كل ما وقع، أو حكي، أو وصف، أو عُدد أو لوحظ بصورة تامة (معجم الماردي، معجم أبي الفداء، معجم الجغرافيا، دي ساسي كرست 2:37:1): وليس هذا الموضع موضع استيفاء الكلام في هذا. وفي (مولر 5:8): حتى إذا استوفينا أعيانهم تمييزاً وعرضاً. وفي (المقدمة 5:48:2): القيام على ذلك والنظر في استيفاء حاجاته وشروطه؛ وفي (فوك): complere.
استوفى الميدان: عدا (الحصان) في الميدان كله وجال فيه بكامله ومجازاً قضى أجله أو أنهى حياته fournir la carriére ( عبّاد: 51:1).
استوفى ما كان عنده: درس وتعلم كل ما قاله وعرفه (ابن الخطيب 30): وتفقه بأبيه الإمام أبي الحسن وأكثر الرواية عنه واستوفى ما كان عنده.
استوفى فلاناً: أنصفه تماماً، قّدر تماماً صفاته الجيدة (محمد بن الحارث 306): سمعت محمد بن عمر بن لبابة يذكر موسى بن محمد فكان لا يستوفيه ولا يحسن الثناء عليه غير أنه كان يصفه بالحلم.
استوفى فلاناً: كفاه، كان كافياً لفلان (البربرية 148:1): وقد كان بقى جانب منهم لم تستوفه الأقطاعات.
استوفى القصاص: خوّل تطبيق قانون الثأر (ابن خلكان 1:7:1): أجل وجب عليه القتل فرماه المستوفى القصاص بسهم فأصاب كبده فقتله. كل إنسان يستوفى ما كتب عليه (أو على جبينه) أي يخضع لقدره (بقطر).
استوفى: أخذ (الشيء) وافياً تاماً، أضاف، زاد، الحق، ضم ajouter ( الكالا).
استوفى في: تجاوز. وفي (فوك): excedere.
استوفى على: أتى على، وانظر الكلمة في (فوك) في مادة venire.
استوفى: راقب أو تحقق (انظر استيفاء ومستوفى) (ابن خلكان 92:11): وكان يقف بين يديه ويخدم، ويستوفى الأعمال والحسابات ويدخل يده في كل شيء. وفي (فخري 4:283): وله معرفة بالحساب والاستيفاء.
استوفى القوس: شدّه (أبو الوليد 376، رقم 50).
وفّى والجمع أوفياء: الكثير الوفاء (بقطر، محيط المحيط، كوسجارتن كرست 11:100، عبّاد 48:1).
وفّاء: في (محيط المحيط): ( .. ومنه يقال مات فلان وأنت بوفاء أي بطول عمر). وهذا هو معناها وليس ما ذكره وترجمه (فريتاج) ترجمة رديئة مع إن المقصود (مات فلان، أطال الله بقاءك!).
وفاء الحق: تعويض عن إهانة أو سبَّ أو خطأ؛ وفاء إعطاء الحق ترضية (بقطر).
وفاء: ثبات في الصداقة (بقطر).
وفاء: دخلْ، ريع (الكالا). أنظر (نبريجا وفيكتور).
وفاء النيل: فيضان (وصف مصر 506:13) وذلك حين يصل مقياس النيل إلى ستة عشرة ذراعاً (لين طبائع 287:2).
وفاء: في (محيط المحيط): (يقال المكاتب مات عن وفاء، أي عن مال يفي بما كان عليه.) بيع بالوفاء: هو الذي يحفظ البائع به الحق في استرداد المبيع ولكن حين يقدم، في الحقيقة رهناً (فان دربرج 84، رقم 2).
واف: زيادة في النقد أي إن الموزون فوق النقد والوّافي هو المخلص الأمين أيضاً fidéle ( زيتشر 833:1): كيل واف: قِسط (بقطر)؛ وفي (محيط المحيط): (الوافي عند الشعراء البيت الذي أجزاؤه تامة).
أوفى: زيادة في الكمال، أتمّ، أكثر غزارة (هوجفلايت 2:48، عبد الواحد 7:71، البربرية 1:81:2).
موَفٍّ: يقال موّفٍ للتعبير عن اليوم العشرين أو الثلاثين من الشهر أو العشرين أو الثلاثين من فصول الكتاب فيقال الموفّي عشرين أو الموَفّي ثلاثين. كتبها (بوسويه): موفّى. (وهذا خطأ): للتعبير عن العدد المتمم؛ إلا انه قد جانب الدقة، فالواقع إن الموفى لا يُستعمل إلا قبل العشرين ومضاعفاتها وذكر أيضاً الموفى 20 من ويقصد به اليوم الذي يتم به العشرون من الشهر. (أنظر ابن جبير في معجمه؛ في الأمثلة التي جاءت في المخطوطة التي
وضعت عليها الحركات على حروف العلّة على (وفّى) أضف ما جاء عند (العبدري 3:1:74 (أي الكلمة المشدد)). وهناك أمثلة أخرى: (عبّاد 8:306:1): يوم الأحد الموفى عشرين من رجب (ابن بطوطة 4:4:1): وفي الموفى عشرين لذي الحجة (هنا أساء كتابة الكلمة فقد كتبها: الموَّفى وأساء ترجمتها) (قرطاس 15:43): مات في الموفى عشرين لشهر صفر. وفي (12:81): في الموفى عشرين لصفر. وفي (13:231): في اليوم الموفى عشرين من صفر. وفي (المخطوطة لمجهول كوبنهاجي 21): يوم الاثنين الموفى عشرين من ذي القعدة. وفي (51:22): يوم الخميس الموفى عشرين من جمادى الآخرة. وفي (تاريخ أسبانيا 116:6): كتب في الموفى عشرين من شهر صفر. (المقري 201:1): ليلة الجمعة الموفية عشرين من ذي الحجة. وفي (17:272): في الحديث عن كتاب أطلق على كل فصل منه اسم زهرة: في الموفية ثلاثين ما نصَّه؛ وأخيراً هناك أمثلة من نوع آخر، يتعلق بما هو مذكور في رأس كل فصل من فصول ألف ليلة وفي بعض الشبه بالترقيم الذي ذكرته في بداية هذا الكلام ومثاله: فلما كانت الليلة الموفية للمائة. إن كل من لفظ كلمة المُوَفَّى بفتح الفاء المشددة كان على خطأ والصحيح الموفِىَّ بكسر الفاء وتشديدها (وكان فوك على حق في ذلك بدلالة إن مؤنث الكلمة هو الموفية)، لأننا قد شاهدنا أيضاً في (أماري دبلوماسية 1:117): كتب ليلة الأربعاء الموفا ثلاثين شهر رمضان؛ حتى إن الموفى نفسها ليست صحيحة إذ ينبغي أن تكون الموفية.
ميفىَّ أو ميفاه: تل، مرتفَع والجمع موافٍ (المقري 2:567:2) مع ملاحظةٍ (لفليشر برشت 99).
استيفاء: الخدمات، الرتب Les functions. وظيفة المستوفى.
المستوفي: مراقب ومنظم حسابات الدولة ويشمل هذا الإيرادات والمصروفات (مملوك 202:1:1 وما بعده حيث يرد ذكر مستوفي الصحبة ومستوفى الجيش ومستوفى إقطاعات الديار المصرية .. الخ.
المستوفي: المستلم، وظيفة المتسلم، الجابي، المحصل (بقطر).

فد

ى1 فَدَاهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـْ (Msb, K,) inf. n. فِدَآءٌ (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) [omitted in my copy of the Msb, probably by inadvertence,]) and فَدًى, (Mgh,) or فِدًى, (so in the M, accord. to the TT,) or also both of these, (Fr, T, S, Msb, K,) the latter of them said by Fr, on one occasion, to be the more common, (T, TA,) [which is the case when it is a subst., like فِدْيَةٌ,] but 'Alee Ibn-Suleymán El-Akhfash [i. e. El-Akhfash El-Asghar] is related to have said that this is not allowable except by poetic license, and El-Kálee says that الفِدَى was used by the Arabs in conjunction with الحِمَى, [see حِمَآءُ, in art. حمى,] but other forms were used in other cases [among which he seems to mention فَدَآء, with fet-h and the lengthened alif, but the words in which I find this expressed are somewhat ambiguous, and are also rendered doubtful by an erasure and an alteration]; (TA;) and ↓ افتداهُ, (M,) [whence an ex. in a verse which will be found in what follows,] or بِهِ ↓ افتدى (K, TA) and مِنْهُ, (TA,) [but I do not know افتدى in either of these phrases as having any other than the well-known meaning of فَدَى نَفْسَهُ, which is strangely omitted in the K;] and know ↓ فادِاهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. مُفَادَاةٌ and فِدَآءٌ; (Msb, TA;) but some explain this differently [as will be shown in what follows]; (T, Mgh, Msb, TA;) He gave his ransom; (S;) he gave a thing, (K, TA, [اَعْطاهُ in the CK being a mistake for أَعْطَى, without the affixed pronoun,]) or a captive, for him, (TA,) and so liberated him; (K, TA;) [i. e. he ransomed him;] or he liberated him, or ransomed him, مِنَ الأَسْرِ [from captivity]: (Mgh, Msb:) or ↓ فاداهُ signifies he loosed him, or set him free, and took his ransom: (Mgh, Msb, TA:) or مُفَادَاةٌ signifies the giving a man and taking a man [in exchange]: and فِدَآءٌ, [as inf. n. of فَدَاهُ,] the purchasing him [from captivity or the like]: (Mbr, T, Mgh, Msb, TA:) or the preserving a man from misfortune by what one gives by way of compensation for him; as also فَدًى: (Er-Rághib, TA:) you say, فَدَيْتُهُ بِمَالِى I purchased [i. e. ransomed] him with my property, and بِنَفْسِى with myself: (T:) or, accord. to Nuseyr Er-Rázee, the Arabs say, الأَسِيرَ ↓ فَادَيْتُ [I ransomed the captive], and فَدَيْتُهُ بِأَبِى وَ أُمِى [I ransomed him in a tropical sense with my father and my mother], and بِمَالٍ [with property], as though thou purchasedst him and freedst him therewith, when he was not a captive; and you may say, فَدَيْتُ الأَسيرَ meaning I freed the captive from the state in which he was, though ↓ فَادَيْتُ is better in this sense: as to the reading تَفْدُوهُمْ [in the Kur ii. 79], Aboo-Mo'ádh says, it means Ye purchase them from the enemy and liberate them; but the reading ↓ تُفَادُوهُمْ, he says, means ye contend with them who are in your hands respecting the price and they so contend with you: (T, TA:) [that ↓ افتداهُ is syn. with فَدَاهُ is shown by what here follows:] a poet says, يُفْتَدَى لَفَدَيْتُهُ فَلَوْ كَانَ مَيتٌ بِمَا لَمْ تَكُنْ عَنْهُ النُّفُوسُ تَطِيبُ [And if a person dead were to be ransomed, assuredly I would ransom him with what minds would not be willing to relinquish]. (M, TA.) b2: [The inf. ns. of the first of these verbs are much used in precative phrases:] they said, فَدًى لَكَ [for فَدَاكَ فَدًى, and therefore virtually meaning فُدِيتَ Mayest thou be ransomed; the ل being لِلتَّبْيِينِ i. e. “ for the purpose of notifying ” the person addressed]: (TA:) and بِى أَ فَدًى لَكَ [ for فَدَاكَ أَبِى بِنَفْسِهِ فَدًى, and therefore virtually meaning simply فَدَاكَ أَبِى بِنَفْسِهِ May my father ransom thee with himself; so that it may be well rendered may my father be a ransom for thee]: (S:) and فِدَآء, with tenween, some of the Arabs pronounce with kesr [to the ء, i. e. they pronounce فِدَآء with the tenween of kesr], peculiarly when it is next to [meaning immediately followed by] the preposition ل, saying فِدَآءٍ لَكَ, because it is indeterminate; they intending thereby the meaning of a prayer; and As has cited [as an ex. thereof] the saying of En-Nábighah [Edh-Dhubyánee], مَهْلًا فِدَآءٍ لَكَ الأَقْوَامُ كُلُّهُمُ وَمَا أُثَمِرُ مِنْ مَالٍ وَمِنْ وَلَدِ [Act gently: may the peoples, all of them, and what I make to be abundant of wealth and of offspring, give themselves as a ransom, or be a ransom, for thee: فِدَآءٍ being app. assimilated to an indeterminate imperative verbal noun such as صَهٍ in the phrase صَهٍ يَا رَجُلُ, which is as though one said اُسْكُتْ سُكُوتًا يَا رَجُلُ; thus meaning here لِيَفْدِكَ: but De Sacy mentions, in his “ Chrest. Arabe,” see. ed., vol. ii., p. 460, three allowable readings (not the foregoing reading) in this verse, namely, فدآءٌ and فدآءً and فدآءٍ; and adds that what here follows is said by a commentator to be, of several explanations, that which is the right: والقول الآخر وهو الصحيح ان فدآءِ بمعنى ليُفدِكَ فبناه كما بنى الامر وكذلك تَراكِ و دَراكِ لانه بمعنى اترك و ادرك: this, it will be observed, is similar to the explanation which I have offered of فِدَآءٍ لك; for ليُفدِك is app. a typographical mistake for ليَفدِك: and I incline to think that فدآءِ, though supposed to be correct and therefore likened to تَراكِ and دَراكِ, is a mistake of a copyist for فدآءٍ; and the more so because I find in Ahlwardt's “ Divans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets ” the three readings فِداءٌ and فِداءً and فِداءٍ, but not فِداءِ]. (S, TA.) b3: وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ [in the Kur xxxvii. 107] means And we made an animal prepared for sacrifice to be a ransom for him, and freed him from slaughter. (T, TA.) b4: فَدَتْ نَفْسَهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا and ↓ افتدت [alone] mean She gave property to her husband so that she became free from him by divorce. (Msb, TA.) b5: See also what next follows.2 فدّاهُ, (S, * K,) or فدّاهُ بِنَفْسِهِ, (S, * TA,) [or both, for both are correct,] inf. n. تَفْدِيَةٌ; (S, K;) and بنفسه ↓ فَدَاهُ, (S, TA, *) aor. ـْ inf. n. فِدَآءٌ; (TA;) He said to him ↓ فِدَاكَ جُعِلْتُ [May I be made thy ransom, i. e. a ransom for thee]. (S, K, TA.) 3 فَاْدَىَ see 1, former half, in five places. b2: In the saying respecting bloodwits, وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَادَوْا, the meaning is, [And if they like,] they free the slayer, or his next of kin who is answerable for him, and accept the bloodwit; because this is a substitute for the blood, like as the ransom is a substitute for the captive. (Mgh.) 4 افداهُ الأَسِيرَ [in the CK (erroneously) الاسيرُ] He accepted from him the ransom of the captive. (M, K.) Hence the saying of the Prophet to Kureysh, when 'Othmán Ibn-'Abd-Allah and El-Hakam Ibn-Keysán had been made captives, لَا نُفْدِيكُمُو هُمَا حتَّى يَقْدَمَ صَاحِبَانَا [We will not accept from you the ransom of them two until our two companions shall come], meaning [by the two companions] Saad Ibn-Abee-Wakkás and 'Otbeh Ibn-Ghazwán. (M.) b2: افدى فُلَانٌ Such a one danced, or dandled, his child: (K, TA:) because of his [often] saying, فَدِى لَكَ أَبِى وَ أُمِى [May my father and my mother be ransoms for thee]. (TA.) A2: افدى also signifies He made for his dried dates a store-chamber. (K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) He became large in his body; (IAar, T, K, TA;) as though it became like the فَدَآء [q. v.]. (TA.) b3: And He sold dates. (IAar, T, K.) 6 تفادوا They ransomed one another. (S, TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) They guarded themselves, one by another; as though every one of them made his fellow to be his ransom. (Msb, TA.) b3: And تفادى مِنْهُ (tropical:) He guarded against it, or was cautious of it, and kept aloof from it. (S, K, * TA.) 8 إِفْتَدَىَ see 1, first quarter, in two places; and again, near the middle of the paragraph. b2: As intrans., افتدى signifies [He ransomed himself;] he gave a ransom for himself. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say, افتدى مِنْهُ بِكَذَا [He ransomed himself from him with such a thing]. (S.) Hence the usage of the verb in the Kur ii. 229. (TA.) See 1, last sentence but one.

فَدًى and ↓ فِدًى and ↓ فِدَآءٌ and ↓ فِدْيَةٌ all signify the same, (S, K,) i. e. [A ransom;] a thing, (K, TA,) or a captive, (TA,) that is given for a man, who is therewith liberated: (K, TA:) [the first three are also inf. ns. (and have been mentioned as such in the first paragraph); therefore when you say فَدًى لَكَ أَبِى and فِدًى لك ابى, the words فَدًى and فِدًى may be either inf. ns. or substs.: as substs., the second and third are more common than the first:] فِدْيَةً [is also sometimes expl. as an inf. n., but accord. to general usage] signifies as above; (K, TA;) or property given as a substitute [or a ransom] for a captive: (Mgh, Msb, TA:) and property by the giving of which one preserves himself from evil in the case of a religious act in which he has fallen short of what was incumbent, like the expiation for the breaking of an oath and of a fast; and thus it is used in the Kur ii. 180 and 192: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and its pl. is فِدًى and فِدَيَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) فِدًى: see the next preceding paragraph. [Hence the phrase] جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ: see 2. It is also a pl. of its syn. فِدْيَةً. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) فِدْيَةٌ: see فَدًى.

A2: خُذْ عَلَى هِدْيَتِكَ وَ فِدْيَتِكَ, accord. to the K, but in the S, خُذْ فِى هِدْيَتِكَ وَقِدْيَتِكَ, mentioned in art. قدى, is a saying meaning [Take thou to] that [course] in which thou wast: the author of the K seems to have followed Sgh, who has mentioned it here: (TA in the present art.:) فِدْيَهٌ and قِدْيَهٌ are dial. vars. (TA in art. قدى.) فَدَآءٌ An أَنْبَار, (K, TA,) i. e. (TA) a collection, of wheat: (M, K, * TA:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (M,) a collection of food, consisting of barley and dates and the like: (M, K:) or an أَنْبَار, i. e. a collection, of food, consisting of wheat and dates and barley: (S:) and it is said to signify a place in which dates are spread and dried, in the dial. of 'Abd-El-Keys. (M.) b2: And The حَجْم [or protuberant, or prominent, part, or perhaps the bulk,] of a thing (M, K) of any kind. (M.) فِدَآئٌ: see فَدًى.

الفِدَاوِيَّةُ is the appellation of A class, or rect, of the خَوَارِج of the دُرْزِيَّة [or دُرُوز, whom we call the Druses; it is a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is فِدَاوِىُّ; the و being a substitute for ء: it is used to signify those who undertake perilous adventures, more particularly for the destruction of enemies of their party; as though they offered themselves as ransoms or victims; and hence it is applied to the sect called in our histories of the Crusades “ The Assassins ”]. (TA.) مَفْدِىٌّ, originally مَفْدُوىٌ. In the saying بِنَفْسِى

فُلَانٌ مُفْدِىٌّ With my soul, or myself, may such a one be ransomed, مَفْدِىٌّ is often suppressed; being meant to be understood.]

خف

ى1 خَفِىَ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (Msb, K,) inf. n. خَفَآءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) has two contr. significations: (Mgh, Msb:) It was, or became, unperceived or imperceptible, [or hardly perceived or perceptible, by any of the senses, or only by the eye or ear, or by the mind; mostly] unapparent, or not apparent; (K;) [latent; obscure;] hidden, concealed, or covered; (Mgh, Msb;) [or unconspicuous; but also faint, or dim, to the sight; suppressed, or stifled, said of the voice; or low, faint, gentle, or soft, to the ear; and obscure to the mind, abstruse, recondite, occult, or covert; and secret, private, or clandestine:] and the contr., i. e. it appeared; it was, or became, apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident; (Mgh, Msb;) [as also ↓ استخفى: (see مُسْتَخْفٍ, below:)] or, accord. to some, the particle that connects it with its subject distinguishes one meaning from the other: (Msb:) you say, خَفِى

عَلَيْهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) it (a thing, or an affair, Mgh) was, or became, unperceived or imperceptible, [&c., by him;] unapparent, or not apparent, [or obscure, &c., to him;] (TA;) or hidden, or concealed, from him: (Mgh, Msb:) and خَفِىَ لَهُ it appeared to him; it was, or became, perceptible, apparent, open, &c., to him: [but see what follows:] (Mgh, Msb:) whence the sayings of Mohammad, [app. the Hanafee Imám,] referring to spoils, فَخَفِى

لَهُمْ أَنْ يَذْهَبُوا بِهَا وَيَكْتُمُوهَا أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ, i. e. It appeared [to them that they should go away with them, or take them away, and conceal them from the believers in a plurality of gods], and خَفِىَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهَا إِلَى دَارِ الإِسْلَامِ [It appeared to them that they should take them forth to the territory of El-Islám]: but this is said only in relation to that which appears from a state of concealment or from a hidden quarter. (Mgh.) [Hence,] بَرِحَ الخَفَآءُ The affair, or case, became manifest: (S, K:) or the state of concealment departed, or ceased; but the former explanation is better: or, as some say, ↓ الخَفَآءُ here signifies the secret; and the meaning is, the secret became apparent: (TA:) or, lit., the low ground became high and apparent; meaning (assumed tropical:) what was concealed became revealed. (Har pp. 133-4. [See also art. برح.]) [And عَلَى خَفَآءٍ means Covertly, secretly, privately, stealthily, or clandestinely. (See also what follows.)] b2: خَفِيتُ لَهُ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. خُفْيَةٌ and خِفْيَةٌ (Msb, K) and خِفْوَةٌ, (K,) the ى and و being interchangeable, (TA,) signifies ↓ اِخْتَفَيْتُ [i. e. I made myself unapparent to him, lurked, or lay hid or in ambush, for him; cloaked, or disguised, myself to him; hid, or concealed, myself from him]: (K:) [for] اختفى signifies he hid, or concealed, himself, (Fr, * El-Fárábee, JK, * Msb, K,) مِنْهُ from him; (TA;) as also ↓ استخفى, (Fr, * JK, * Msb, K,) and ↓ اخفى, (IAar, K,) and ↓ تخفّى also is syn. with اختفى [in this sense]: (Z, TA:) or you say, ↓ اِسْتَخْفَيْتُ مِنْكَ, meaning I hid, or concealed, myself from thee; but not ↓ اِخْتَفَيْتُ: (IKt, Th, S, Msb:) or ↓ اختفى in the sense of خَفِىَ is not of high authority, nor is it disallowed, (Az, Msb, TA,) but ↓ استخفى is more usual. (Az, TA.) Yousay, فَعَلْتُهُ خُفْيَةً and خِفْيَةً [I did it covertly, secretly, privately, stealthily, or clandestinely]. (Msb) And قُتِلَ خفْيَةً and خِفْوَةً [He was slain covertly, secretly, &c.]. (JK.) And يَأْكُلُهُ خِفْوَةً

[lit. He eats it covertly, &c.,] means he steals it. (K.) In the saying in the Kur [vii. 53], اُدْعُو رَبَّكُمْ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً, the meaning [of the last word] is, Submissively, devoting yourselves to his service: or, accord. to Zj, adhering to his service in your minds: or, accord. to Th, celebrating Him in your minds: or, accord. to Lh, in quietness, and stillness: (TA:) or secretly; and so in the similar passage in the Kur vi. 63. (Jel, and so Bd on this latter passage.) خُفْيَةٌ is from أَخْفَيْتُ الصَّوْتَ [explained below in this paragraph]: (JK:) the intrans. v. whereof is ↓ اختفى [signifying It (the voice) was, or became, suppressed, or stifled; or low, faint, gentle, or soft; like خَفِىَ, which is more common]. (Lth, TA.) A2: خَفَاهُ, aor. ـْ (JK, S, Msb, K,) inf. n. خَفْىٌ (JK, Msb, * K) and خُفِىٌّ, (K,) also has two contr. significations: (S, Msb, TA:) He made it perceptible, apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident: (JK, S, Msb, K:) and he hid, or concealed, or covered, it; (S, Msb, K; [in this latter sense, erroneously written in the CK خَفّاهُ;]) as also ↓ اخفاهُ: (S, K:) or, accord. to some, this latter has the latter meaning; and the former verb has [only] the former meaning: but accord. to other, the reverse is the case: (Msb:) or, accord. to Aboo-' Alee El-Kálee, the former verb has the former meaning only; and ↓ the latter verb has both meanings: (IB, TA:) ↓ the latter is also explained as signifying he removed its خِفَآء, i. e. its covering: (TA:) and the former, as meaning he made it to come forth from a state of concealment: (JK:) and he drew it forth; (K;) as also ↓ اختفاهُ. (S, Msb, K.) One says, خَفَى المَطَرُ الفَأْرَ The rain made the rats, or mice, to come forth from their holes. (S.) It is said in the Kur [xx. 15], إِنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ أَكَادُ

أَخْفِيهَا, (JK, TA,) or ↓ أُخْفِيهَا, (JK, S, TA,) accord. to different readers: (TA:) the former means [Verily the hour of the resurrection is coming:] I am almost making it to appear: (JK, TA:) and the latter, I am almost removing that which conceals it: (S, IJ, TA:) or I almost conceal it: (JK, TA:) or, as Ubeí reads it, أَكَادُ أُخْفِيهَا مِنْ نَفْسى [I almost conceal it from Myself]: and Fr says [that the meaning is], I almost conceal it from Myself, and how then should I acquaint you therewith? (TA.) and it is said in a trad. respecting the flight [from Mekkeh], اخفى عَنَّا خَبَرَكَ [written without the vowel-signs, so that it may be اِخْفِى or ↓ أَخْفِى,] i. e. Conceal thou thine information from such as may ask thee respecting us. (TA.) And in another trad., كَانَ يَخْفِى صَوْتَهُ بِأَنِينٍ, thus with fet-h to the ى, meaning He used to make his voice perceptible [or audible, with moaning]. (TA.) And you say, الصَّوْتَ ↓ أَخْفَيْتُ [meaning I suppressed, or stifled, the voice; or made it low, faint, gentle, or soft]. (Lth, JK, TA.) [and الكَلَامَ ↓ اخفى He uttered speech, or the speech, in a low, faint, gentle, or soft, tone; he spoke in a low, faint, gentle, or soft, manner; lit. he made speech, or the speech, to be low, &c.]

A3: خَفَى, aor. ـْ and خَفِىَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. of each خَفْىٌ; said of lightning: see خَفَا, in art. خفو.4 أَخْفَىَ as an intrans. v.: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, near the middle.

A2: As a trans. v.: see 1, in seven places, in the latter half of the paragraph.5 تَخَفَّىَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, near the middle.8 إِخْتَفَىَ as an intrans. v.: see 1, in four places. b2: اِخْتَفَى, said of a man, [if it be not a mistranscription for اُخْتُفِىَ, like اُخْتُفِىَ دَمُهُ,] signifies also He was slain covertly, secretly, or clandestinely. (JK.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 1. b2: Yousay also اختفى مَيِّتًا He drew forth a dead body from the grave, to steal the grave-clothes. (TA.) b3: And اختفى البِئْرَ He dug, or cleared out, the well. (Msb.) b4: And اختفى دَمَهُ He slew him without its being known. (K.) 10 إِسْتَخْفَىَ see 1, in four places, in the former half of the paragraph.

خَفًا [more properly written خَفًى] A thing that is unperceived or imperceptible, [or hardly perceived or perceptible,] unapparent, or not apparent; [latent; obscure; &c.; (see 1, first sentence;)] (JK, K;) as also ↓ خَافِيَةٌ and ↓ خَافٍ [for شَىْءٌ خَافٍ, the explanation in the JK]. (K.) [See also خَفَآءٌ.]

خَفَِى البَطْنِ A man lank in the belly. (IAar, TA.) خَفَآءٌ inf. n. of خَفِىَ. (Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: Also A thing that is unperceived or imperceptible [&c. (see خَفًا)] by one; unapparent, or not apparent. [latent, or obscure,,] to one; or hidden, or concealed, from one. (TA.) A secret: so, accord. to some, in the phrase بَرِحَ الخَفَآءُ mentioned above: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. (TA.) And [in the same phrase, accord. to some,] Low, or depressed, ground. (TA.) خِفَآءٌ A [garment of the kind called] رِدَآء, which a woman wears over her other clothes: (Lth, JK:) or a [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء: (S, K:) and any covering of a thing, (Lth, JK, *) whatever it be with which one covers a thing, such as a كساء and the like: (Lth:) pl. أَخْفِيَةٌ. (Lth, JK, S, K.) b2: [Hence,] أَخْفِيَةُ النَّوْرِ The calyxes of flowers: (K:) sing. as above. (TA.) b3: and أَخْفِيَةُ الكَرَا [The coverings of drowsiness; meaning] the eyes. (K.) خَفِىٌّ i. q. ↓ خَافٍ; (S, K;) applied to a thing; (S;) i. e. Unperceived or imperceptible, [or hardly perceived or perceptible, by any of the senses, or only by the eye or ear, or by the mind; mostly] unapparent, or not apparent; (K;) [latent; obscure; hidden, or concealed; or unconspicuous; but also faint, or dim, to the sight; suppressed, or stifled, applied to the voice; or low, faint, gentle, or soft, to the ear; and obscure to the mind, abstruse, recondite, occult, or covert; and secret, private, or clandestine: see 1, first sentence:] pl. خَفَايَا. (S.) [You say نَجْمٌ خَفِىٌّ A dim star or asterism. And مَكَانٌ خَفِىٌّ An obscure, or a concealed, place. And صَوْتٌ خَفِىٌّ A low, faint, gentle, or soft, voice or sound.] and اِمْرَأَةٌ خَفِيَّةُ الصَّوْتِ A woman having a low, faint, gentle, or soft, voice. (TA in art. خفض.) and النُّونُ الخَفِيَّةُ i. q. الخَفِيفَةُ [q. v.]. (K.) and some of the Arabs say, (Yaakoob, S,) إِذَا حَسُنَ مِنَ المَرْأَةِ خَفِيَّاهَا حَسُنَ سَائِرُهَا, meaning [When] the voice and the foot-mark of the woman [are good, or pleasing, the rest, or the whole, of what pertains to her is good, or pleasing]: (Yaakoob, JK, S, K:) for when her voice is soft, or gentle, this indicates her being bashful, or shy; and when her foot-marks are near together, and firmly impressed, they indicate that she has [large] buttocks and haunches. (Yaakoob, S.) One says also, لَقِيتُهُ خَفِيًّا I met him covertly, secretly, privately, or clandestinely. (TA.) [And مَشَى مِشْيَةً

خَفِيَّةً He walked with a soft, or stealthy, gait.]

b2: Also One who secludes himself from [other] men; whose place is concealed from them. (TA.) خَفِيَّةٌ A well: (S, K:) or a deep well; because its water is not perceived, or not apparent: (TA:) or a well of ancient times, that has become filled up and then dug again: (JK, TA:) or any well that has been dug and then left until it has become filled up, then dug again, and cleared out: (ISk, S:) [opposed to بَدِىْءٌ:] accord. to A'Obeyd, it is so called because it is made to appear: (S:) pl. خَفَايَا and خَفِيَّاتٌ. (JK, TA) b2: And A tangled, or luxuriant, or dense, thicket, (JK, K, TA,) which the lion takes as his covert: (JK, TA:) or خَفِيَّة is the name of a certain place frequented by lions; (S, IB;) and is properly imperfectly decl., so that you say أُسُودُ خَفِيَّةَ; but it may be perfectly decl. in poetry. (IB.) A2: Also A slight taint, or infection, or a touch, or stroke, of insanity: so in the phrase بِهِ خَفِيَّةٌ In him is a slight taint, &c., of insanity. (Ibn-Menádhir, S, K. *) خَافٍ: see خَفِىٌّ: b2: and see also خَفًا. b3: الخَافِى The jinn, or genii; (As, Lh, JK, S, K;) because they conceal themselves from the eyes [of men]; (TA;) as also ↓ الخَافِيَآءُ (JK, K) and ↓ اخَافِيَةُ: (K:) or this last signifies what conceals itself in the body, of the jinn, or genii: (Ibn-Menádhir, S:) the pl. (of the first, Lh, JK, [and of the second and third also accord. to analogy,]) is خَوَافٍ; (Lh, JK, K;) [and of the first, خَافُونَ also, like قَاضُونَ; for] the bare piece of ground amid herbage is said, in a trad., to be مُصَلَّى

الخَافِينَ, i. e. [The praying-place] of the jinn, or genii. (TA.) The first (الخَافِى) also signifies Mankind; thus bearing two contr. [or rather opposite] meanings. (TA.) And one says, هُوَ ↓ مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ خَافِيَةَ, (K and TA voce خَالِفَة, q. v.,) or ↓ خَافِيَةٍ, (CK ibid.,) I know not what one of mankind he is. (K ibid.) b4: أَرْضٌ خَافِيَةٌ [and ↓ أَرْضُ خَافِيَةٍ, the latter word in the former case being an epithet, fem. of خَافٍ, and in the latter case a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst is predominant,] A land in which are jinn, or genii. (K.) b5: خَافِى الغُرَابِ: see the last sentence but one in the next paragraph.

خَافِيَةٌ contr. of عَلَانِيَةٌ [app. meaning that it signifies A state of being unapparent or not apparent, covert, secret, private, or clandestine: though explained in the TK (followed by Freytag) as an epithet applied to a man, meaning whose actions are always covert]. (K.) b2: See also خَفًا. b3: And see خَافٍ, in four places. b4: Also One, i. e. a single feather, of the feathers called الخَوَافِى: (TA:) الخَوَافِى signifies the feathers below the ten that are in the fore part of the wing: (As, S:) or certain feathers that are concealed when the bird contracts its wing: (K:) or the four feathers that are [next] after those called المَنَاكِب, (Lh, K, *) and next before those called الأَبَاهِر: (S in art. بهر, and L in art. نكب:) or seven feathers in the wing, after the seven foremost: (K, * TA:) but the people [generally] mention them as four: or they are the small feathers in the wing of a bird. (TA.) خَنْجَرٌ مِثْلُ خَافِيَةِ النَّسْرِ [A dagger like the خافية of the vulture], occurring in a trad., means a small خنجر. (TA.) One says also خَافِيَةُ الغُرَابِ [The خافية of the crow]: and the pl. is [sometimes expressed by using the coll. gen. n., saying]

الغُرَابِ ↓ خَافِى. (JK.) b5: الخَوَافِى also signifies The palm-branches [next] below the قِلَبَة [which latter are the branches that grow forth from the heart of the tree]: (S, TA:) thus called in the dial. of Nejd: (TA:) in the dial. of El-Hijáz called العَوَاهِنُ. (S, TA.) الخَافِيَآءُ: see خَافٍ.

مُخْتَفٍ A rifler of graves: (JK, S, Msb, K:) because he extracts the grave-clothes; (S, Msb, TA;) or because he steals covertly: a word of the dial. of the people of El-Medeeneh: fem. مُخْتَفِيَةٌ. (TA.) مُسْتَخْفٍ Hiding, or concealing, himself: and accord. to Akh, appearing: in both of which senses it is said to be used in the words of the Kur [xiii. 11], مُسْتَخْفٍ بِاللَّيْلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ [Hiding himself by night, and appearing by day: or appearing by night, and hiding himself by day: see art. سرب]. (TA.) b2: اليَدُ المُسْتَخْفِيَةُ The hand of the thief, and of the rifler of graves: opposed to اليَدُ المُسْتَعْلِيَةُ, which is the hand of him who takes by force, and of the plunderer, and the like: the Sunneh ordains that the former shall be cut off [except in certain cases], but not the latter. (TA.)

شتو

1 شَتَا الشِّتَآءُ, aor. ـْ inf. n. شتو [app. شُتُوٌّ, The winter commenced: like as one says, رَبَعَ الرَّبِيعُ, inf. n. رُبُوعٌ]. (TA.) b2: And شَتَا اليَوْمُ, aor. as above, The day was, or became, intensely cold. (Msb.) b3: And شَتَا بِهِ, (K,) and شَتَوْتُ بِهِ, (S,) and شَتَوْنَا بِهِ, aor. as above, inf. n. شَتْوٌ, (Msb,) He, and I, and we, remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, (S, Msb, K,) during the شِتَآء [or winter, &c.], (S,) or during a شِتَآء, (Msb, K,) in it, (S, Msb, K,) namely, a place, (S, Msb,) or a country or town; (K;) as also ↓ شتّى, (K,) inf. n. تَشْتِيَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تشتّى, (S, K,) said by Az to be from الشِّتَآءُ, like تَصَيَّفَ from الصَّيْفُ: (TA:) [and all are also app. trans. in this sense without a prep.:] or, as some say, شَتَا الصَّيَّانَ means he re-mained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the صَمَّان [q. v., meaning a particular place and also a particular sort of place,] in the شِتَآء; and ↓ تَشَتَّاهَا, he pastured [his cattle] therein in the شِتَآء. (TA.) b4: And شَتَا القَوْمُ, (K,) aor. as above, (TA,) The people, or party, experienced drought, or barrenness, or dearth, in the شِتَآء; as also ↓ أَشْتَوْا. (K.) b5: See also 4.

A2: شَتِىَ, like رَضِىَ [in measure], He was smitten by the شِتَآء. (IKtt, TA.) 2 شتّى, inf. n. تَشْتِيَةٌ: see 1. b2: One says also, هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ يُشَتِّينِى This thing will suffice me for my شِتَآء [or winter, &c.]. (S.) 3 عَامَلَهُ مُشَاتَاةً (S, K) and شِتَآءً (K) [He bargained with him for work by, or for, the season called شِتَآء]; and in like manner, اِسْتَأْجَرَهُ [He hired him, or took him as a hireling]: (TA:) from الشِّتَآءُ [i. e. the subst.]; (S;) like مُرَابَعَةً

from الرَّبِيعُ, &c.: (TA in art. ربع:) شِتَآءً being here in the accus. case as an inf. n., not as an adv. n. [of time]. (TA.) 4 أَشْتَوْا, (S, K,) and أَشْتَيْنَا, (Msb,) They, and we, entered the [season called] شِتَآء; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ شَتَوْنَا signifies the same as اشتينا in this sense. (Ham p. 117.) b2: See also 1, near the end.5 تَشَتَّوَ see the first paragraph, in two places.

شَتًا A rough, or rugged, place. (K.) b2: and The صَدْر [i. e. higher, or upper, part, or front, or fore part,] of a valley. (Az, K.) شَتْوَةٌ: see شِتَآءٌ, in three places.

شَتْوِىٌّ and شَتَوِىٌّ, (S, Msb, K,) like خَرْفِىٌّ and خَرَفِىٌّ, (S,) [signifying Of, or relating to, the season called شِتَآء,] are rel. ns. of شِتَآءٌ (S, Msb, K) regarded as pl. of شَتْوَةٌ: (Msb:) or it may be that they formed the rel. n. from شَتْوَةٌ, and discarded that of شِتَآءٌ; as is said in the M: (TA:) or those who regard شِتَآءٌ as a sing. make its rel. n. to be ↓ شِتَائِىٌّ and ↓ شِتَاوِىٌّ. (Msb, TA.) b2: الشَّتَوِىُّ, (S, K,) thus with fet-h to the ش and ت, (K,) signifies also The rain of the [season called]

شِتَآء; and so ↓ الشَّتِىُّ; (S, K;) the latter occurring in a verse (S, TA) of En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab. (TA.) [See the latter of the tables inserted voce زَمَنٌ; and see also نَوْءٌ.] b3: Also The increase, or offspring, (نِتَاج,) of sheep and goats in the [season called] رَبِيع [by which is here meant the season called الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ and رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ, commencing in January and ending in March: see the former of the two tables mentioned above]: (Aboo-Nasr, TA voce صَفَرِىٌّ [q. v.]:) [and in like manner, of camels; for] شَتْوِىٌّ and شَتَوِىٌّ and ↓ شَتِىٌّ are applied to the young camel brought forth by her that is termed ↓ مُشْتٍ, meaning مُرْبِعٌ [i. e. that brings forth in the (season called) رَبِيع]. (TA.) شِتَآءٌ a word of well-known meaning [in the sense in which it is most commonly used, i. e. Winter]; (S;) one of the quarters [of the circle] of the seasons; (K;) and ↓ شَاتَاةٌ signifies the same; (Sgh, K;) [and so does ↓ شَتِيَّةٌ; (see an ex. voce رِبْعِىٌّ;)] and so does ↓ مَشْتَاةٌ: (Msb, TA:) [also the half-year commencing at the autumnal equinox:] ISk says, السَّنَةُ is with the Arabs a name for twelve months: then they divided it into two halves, and commenced the سَنَة [or year] at the commencement of the شِتَآء

because this word is masc. and the word صَيْف [meaning in this case the “ half-year commencing at the vernal equinox ”] is fem.: then they divided the شِتَآء into two halves; the شتوى being the former; and the ربيع, the latter; [but this is a manifest mistake, probably attributable to a copyist; for, as is well known, the former half is called the رَبِيع; and the latter, the شِتَآء or ↓ شَتْوَة;] each consisting of three months; and in like manner the صَيْف and the قَيْظ consist, each, of three months: (TA:) also one of the six seasons into which the year is divided, each whereof consists of two months; namely, the season [commencing in November and ending in January,] next after that called الخَرِيفُ: (S and K voce رَبِيعٌ: [see this word; and see, again, the former of the two tables mentioned above:]) accord. to Mbr, (S,) شِتَآءٌ is pl. of ↓ شَتْوَةٌ; (S, Msb, K;) it is said to be so by IF on the authority of Kh, and by some on the authority of Fr or some other: or شِتَآءٌ and ↓ شَتْوَةٌ signify the same, (K,) as is said in the M; (TA;) [i. e.] some say that الشِّتَآءُ is a proper name for the quarter [&c.]: (Msb:) the pl. is أَشْتِيَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) i. e. pl. of شِتَآءٌ, (S, Msb,) because أَفْعِلَةٌ, as pl. of فِعَالٌ, is peculiar to a masc. [noun]; (Msb;) and شُتِىٌّ also, (K, TA,) originally أُشْتُوىٌ [a mistake for شُتُوىٌ], written in the Tekmileh شِتِىٌّ, as on the authority of Fr.: (TA:) the pl. of its syn. ↓ مَشْتَاةٌ is مَشَاتٍ. (Msb.) b2: Also, i. e. شِتَآءٌ, Hail, syn. بَرَدٌ, (K, TA, [in the CK بَرْدٌ,]) that falls from the sky. (TA.) b3: And Drought, or dearth: (K, and Ham pp. 117 and 150:) this meaning being assigned to the شتآء exclusively of the صَيْف because in it the people keep to the tents, not going forth to seek after herbage. (TA.) شَتِىٌّ: see شَتْوِىٌّ, in two places.

شَتِيَّةٌ: see شِتَآءٌ [with which it is syn.].

شِتَائِىٌّ and شِتَاوِىٌّ: see شَتْوِىٌّ.

شَاتٍ Entering the شِتَآء, which, with them, [i. e. the Arabs, and app. in this case,] means [a season of] drought, or dearth. (Ham pp. 149-50.) b2: يَوْمٌ شَاتٍ A day intensely cold: (Msb:) or a day in which is بَرَد [i. e. hail (accord. to the CK بَرْد)]; and in like manner غَدَاةٌ شَاتِيَةٌ [a morning in which is hail]. (K, TA.) شَاتَاةٌ: see its syn. شِتَآءٌ.

مَشْتًى The place [in which one resides, stays, dwells, or abides, during the season] of the شِتَآء

[or winter, &c.]; as also ↓ مَشْتَاةٌ: (K:) pl. مَشَاتٍ. (TA.) مُشْتٍ: see شَتْوِىٌّ, last sentence. b2: It is said in a trad., as some relate it, وَالنَّاسُ مُرْمِلُونَ مُشْتُونَ, meaning The people being in a state of straitness, or dearth, and hunger, and paucity of milk: but IAth says that the reading commonly known is مُسْنِتُونَ. (TA.) مَشْتَاةٌ: see شِتَآءٌ, in two places: b2: and مَشْتًى.

فلو

1 فَلَاهُ, (M, K,) first Pers\. فَلَوْتُهُ, (S, M, Msb,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. فَلْوٌ, (M, K, TA,) with fet-h, and فِلَآءٌ accord. to the M, or فَلَآءٌ accord. to the K, (TA,) He withdrew him from sucking; namely, a colt, (M, K,) and a young ass, (M,) and a child; (M, K;) as also ↓ افلاهُ, and ↓ افتلاهُ: (M, K: *) or he weaned, or ablactated, him, as also ↓ افلاهُ, and ↓ افتلاهُ: (K:) or فَلَاهُ عَنْ أُمِّهِ and ↓ افتلاهُ signify thus; relating to a colt and a young ass: (S: [and in a similar manner both are expl. in the T, on the authority of ISk:]) or فَلَاهُ, (M,) or فَلَاهُ عَنْ أُمِّهِ, relating to a colt and a young ass, (T,) signifies thus; (T, M;) but ↓ افتلاهُ, (M,) or افتلاهُ لِنَفْسِهِ, (T,) signifies he took him for himself [app. from his mother]: (T, M:) or فَلَوْتُهُ and ↓ أَفْلَيْتُهُ signify I separated him from him mother; namely, a colt: and فُلِيَت is said of a filly [meaning she was separated &c.]. (Msb.) [Hence,] the ↓ فَلَاة [q. v.] is [said to be] thus called لِأَنَّهَا فُلِيَتْ عَنْ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ, [Because it is as though it were weaned, and removed, from everything good]. (M.) b2: And فَلَوْتُهُ I reared him, or brought him up; [namely, a youth, or boy;] as also ↓ اِفْتَلَيْتُهُ: a poet says, وَلَيْسَ يَهْلِكُ مِنَّا سَيِّدٌ أَبَدًا

إِلَّا افْتَلَيْنَا غُلَامًا سَيِّدًا فِينَا [And a chief of us does not ever perish but we rear a youth to be a chief among us]. (S.) A2: فَلَاهُ بِالسَّيْفِ, (M, K,) first Pers\. فَلَوْتُهُ and فَلَنْتُهُ, (T, S,) inf. n. فَلْوٌ and فَلْىٌ, (M in this art. and in art. فلى,) He struck (S, M, K) him, (K,) or his head, (S, M,) with the sword: (S, M, K:) or he struck, or cut, it, i. e. one's head, with the sword. (T * and M in art. فلى.) b2: And فَلَوْتُ القَوْمَ I entered amid the breaks, or interspaces, of the people; like فَلَيْتُهُمْ. (T, TA.) A3: فَلَا as intrans., said of a man, He journeyed, or went forth to journey. (IAar, T, K.) b2: And He became intelligent after being ignorant. (IAar, T, K.) 4 أَفْلَوَ see 1, first sentence, in three places. b2: افلت said of a mare, (M, K,) and of a she-ass, (M,) means She was one whose colt had attained to the age for his being weaned, (M, K.) and the phrase قَدْ أَفْلَيْنَ أَمْهَارَا, ending a verse of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd, and referring to wild animals, means, as expl. by AHn, that had become in the state in which their young ones were full-grown and in no need of their mothers. (M.) A2: And افلى القَوْمُ The people, or party, came to the فَلَاة [or desert, &c.]: (S, K: *) or, as Z says, entered it; which is nearly the same as the former explanation. (TA.) 8 إِفْتَلَوَ see 1, in six places: A2: and see also art. فلى.

فَلًا [a coll. gen. n.]: see فَلَاةٌ.

يَافُلَا and يَا فُلَاةُ: see يَا فُلُ, in art. فل.

فِلْوٌ: see فَلُوٌّ.

فَلَاةٌ A [desert such as is termed] قَفْر; (M, K;) so called for a reason mentioned above, in the first paragraph, q. v.; (M;) or [such as is called]

مَفَازَة; (T, S, K;) in which is no water; or, in the fewer cases, in which there is an interval of two days with a portion of the day preceding them and of the day following them between the waterings of camels and of one day between the waterings of asses and of sheep or goats (لِلْإِبِلِ رِبْعٌ وَلِلْحَمِيرِ وَالغَنَمِ غَبٌّ): (M, K:) or a land in which is no water: (Msb:) or a wide [desert such as is termed صَحْرَآء: (M, K:) pl. فَلَوَاتٌ, (T, S, M, K,) a pl. of pauc., (TA,) and ↓ فَلًا, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n. of which فَلَاةٌ is the n. un.,] and فُلِىٌّ, (M, K,) or this is pl. of فَلًا, (S,) and [so are] فِلِىٌّ (M, K) and فُلُوٌّ [which is the original of فُلِىٌّ and فِلِىٌّ], (CK,) أَفْلَآءٌ is [likewise] pl. of فَلًا. (S, M, Msb, K. *) b2: [أَخُو الفَلَاةِ A man of the desert: or one who travels in the desert or deserts.] b3: And اِبْنُ الفَلَاةِ The حِرْبَآء

[or male chameleon]. (T in art. بنى.) فِلَآءٌ, mentioned in the paragraph here following as a pl. of فَلُوٌّ, signifies also Bones. (TA.) فَلُوٌّ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and فُلُوٌّ (M, K) and ↓ فِلْوٌ (S, M, Msb, K) A colt, (S, Mgh,) because he is weaned; (S;) or a colt, and a young ass, (M, Msb, K,) when weaned, (M, K,) or separated from his mother: (Msb:) or when a year old; (K;) or فَلُوٌّ signifies also a colt that is a year old: (M: [see قَارِحٌ:]) and a light, or an active, ass: (IAar, TA voce يَعْفُورٌ:) and sometimes (S) the female is called فَلُوَّةٌ: (S, Msb:) the pl. is أَفْلَآءٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like أَعْدَاءٌ as pl. of عَدُوٌّ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and like أَحْبَارٌ as pl. of حِبْرٌ, (TA,) and also فَلَاوَى, (S, K,) and فُلْوٌ, mentioned by Fr, (M, TA,) and فِلَآءٌ is mentioned as a pl. of فَلُوّ signifying a colt by Aboo-'Alee El-Kálee. (TA.) بَدَوِيَّةٌ فَلَوِيَّةٌ are epithets applied to a woman [each signifying Of, or belonging to, the فَلَاة, or desert]. (TA.) مُفْلٍ and مُفْلِيَةٌ A mare having a فَلُوّ. (S, TA.)

ثرو

1 ثَرَا القَوْمُ, (As, S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (As, S;) and ثَرِىَ; (T, TT;) inf. n. ثَرًا; (M;) The people, or company of men, became many, much, or great in number or quantity; and increased: (As, T, S, M, K:) and in like manner, المَالُ, (As, S, M, K,) i. e., the cattle, or other property, became many, much, or great in number or quantity. (As, S, M.) b2: ثَرِىَ, (T, M, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. ثَرْىٌ [or ثَرًا?] and ثَرَآءٌ, (T, TA,) He (a man, T, K) was, or became, abundant in cattle, or other property; (T, M, K;) as also ↓ اثرى, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) and أَفْرَى: (M:) or ↓ اثرى signifies he was, or became, in a state of competence or sufficiency, in no need, or rich; syn. استغنى: (Msb:) or it signifies more than استغنى: (T:) and ثَرِيتُ بِكَ, I became, or have become, abundant [in property] by means of thee: (T, S:) and ثَرِيتُ بِفُلَانٍ I became in no need of other men by means of such a one. (T, S, M.) A poet says, (S,) namely, ElKumeyt, praising the Benoo-Umeiyeh, لَكُمْ مَسْجِدَا اللّٰهِ المَزُورَانِ وَالحَصَى

وَأَقْتَرَا ↓ لَكُمْ قِبْصُهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَثْرَى

[Ye have the two visited mosques of Mekkeh and El-Medeeneh, and ye have the number of the pebbles of such as are between him who is wealthy and him who is poor]: he means, مِنْ بَيْنِ مَنْ

أَثْرَى وَمَنْ أَقْتَرَ; i.e., مِنْ بَيْنِ مُثْرٍ وَمُقْتِرٍ. (S.) b3: ثَرِيتُ بِكَ, (T,) or بِهِ, inf. n. ثَرًا, (M,) also signifies I rejoiced (T, M) in thee, (T,) or in him, or it: (M:) and ثَرِىَ بِذٰلِكَ, aor. ـَ He rejoiced in, or by reason of, that. (ISk, S.) A2: ثَرَوْنَاهُمْ We were, or became, more than they: (AA, S, M:) or more in cattle, or other property. (K.) b2: ثَرَا القَوْمَ He (God) made the people, or company of men, to be many, or numerous; multiplied them. (AA, T, S.) 4 أَثْرَوَ see 1, in three places.

A2: لَا يُثْرِينَا العَدُوُّ The enemy will not say much respecting us. (M, TA.) ثَرًا; dual ثَرَوَانِ: see ثَرًى, in art. ثرى.

ثَرٍ: see ثَرِىٌّ. b2: أَنَا ثَرٍ بِهِ I am in no need of other men by means of him; (T, S, M;) as also ↓ ثَرِىٌّ. (M.) A2: See also art. ثرى.

ثَرْوَةٌ Many, or a great number, (S, M, K,) of men; and of cattle, or other property: (M, K:) or much, or a great quantity, or property; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ ثَرَآءٌ: (S, M, * Mgh:) and فَرْوَةٌ signifies the same as ثَرْوَةٌ; the ف being a substitute for the ث. (M.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو ثَرْوَةٍ

↓ وَذُو ثَرَآءٍ, (ISk, S,) or وَثَرْوَةٍ ↓ إِنَّهُ لَذُو ثَرَآءٍ, (T,) Verily he possesses a number [of men] and much property. (ISk, T, S.) Accord. to IAar, one says ثَوْرَةٌ مِنْ رِجَالٍ and ثَرْوَةٌ, meaning A great number of men: but only ثَرْوَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ. (TA.) b2: Also The night of the conjunction of the moon and الثُّرَيَّا [or the Pleiades]. (M, K.) ثَرْوَانُ, fem. ثَرْوَى: see ثَرِىٌّ.

ثَرَآءٌ: see ثَرْوَةٌ, in three places. b2: Also A state of competence or sufficiency; or richness. (Msb.) ثَرِىٌّ Many, or numerous; [applied to a company of men;] and so ثَرِيَّةٌ applied to spears (رِمَاحٌ): (TA:) also many, or much, cattle, or other property; (S, M, K, TA;) and so ↓ ثَرٍ. (T, TA.) b2: Also A man possessing many, or much, cattle, or other property; and so ↓ أَثْرَى; (M, K;) and ↓ مُثْرٍ: (T:) so too ↓ ثَرْوَانُ; (T, S, Mgh;) or abounding (M, K, TA) in cattle, or other property: (TA:) and [its fem.] ↓ ثَرْوَى, applied to a woman, (T, S, M, K,) likewise signifies possessing many, or much, cattle, or other property: (T, S, K:) the dim. of this last is ↓ ثُرَيَّا. (T, S, M, K.) b3: See also ثَرٍ.

A2: And see art. ثرى.

ثُرَيَّا: see ثَرِىٌّ. b2: الثُّرَيَّا [The Pleiades; the Third Mansion of the Moon: it is believed to be the most beneficial, in its influences on the weather, of all the Mansions of the Moon, on account of the period of its auroral setting, which, in central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, began on the 12th of Nov., O. S.: (see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل; and see also نَوْءٌ:) hence what is said of it in Job xxxviii. 31; and hence, as being the most excellent of all asterisms, it is called by the Arabs]

النَّجْمُ [the Asterism]: (S, K:) the former appellation is given to it because it comprises, in appearance, many stars in a small space; (M, K; *) for it is said that amid its conspicuous stars are many obscure stars; (IAth, TA;) the number altogether being said to be four and twenty, agreeably with an assertion of the Prophet: some say that it is so called because of the abundance [of the rain] of its نَوٌء [here meaning auroral setting]: (TA:) the word is thus applied only in the dim. form, which is used in this instance to denote magnification. (M, TA.) b3: [ثُرَيَّا also signifies (tropical:) A cluster of lamps, generally resting in holes in the bottom of a lantern: see an engraving in my “Modern Egyptians,” ch. vi.] The ثُرَيَّا of lamps is so called as being likened to the asterism above mentioned. (M.) أَثْرَى: see ثَرِىُّ: A2: and see also art. ثرى.

مُثْرٍ: see ثَرِىُّ: A2: and see also art. ثرى.

مُثْرَاةٌ A cause of multiplying, or rendering abundant; syn. مَكْثَرَةٌ: so in the saying, هٰذَا مَثْرَاةٌ لِلْمَالِ [This is a cause of multiplying, or rendering abundant, cattle, or other property]. (S, K.) أَنَا مَثْرِىُّ بِهِ I am rejoiced in him. (ISk, TA in art. ثرى.) A2: See also art. ثرى.