ســفه

1 سَــفِهَ, (S, MA, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb;) and سَــفُهَ, [aor. ـُ (S, Msb;) inf. n. سَــفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ (S, MA, Msb, K *) and سَفَاهٌ, (S, MA, K, *) [all mentioned in the MA as of the former verb, and so in the TA when that verb is trans., but properly] the first is of the former verb, and the second is of the latter verb, (S, Msb,) and so is the third; (S;) He (a man, S) was, or became, such as is termed سَفِيه; (S, TA;) [i. e.] he was, or became, unwise, witless, or destitute of wisdom or understanding, or [rather] lightwitted. (MA.) b2: The phrase سَــفِهَ نَفْسَةُ, [of which an instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which غَبِنَ رَأْيَهُ and بَطِرَ عَيْضْلَرRَهُ and أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ and وَفِقَ أَمْرَهُ and رَضْلَرRِدَ أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally سَــفِهَــتْ نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ [or rather سَــفِهَــتْ نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the نفس] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the accus. case by being its objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with نَفْسَهُ ↓ سَــفَّهَ [he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say, غُلَامَهُ ضَرَب زَيْدٌ: (S, TA:) accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three forms; (TA;) you say سَــفِهَ نَفْسَهُ and رَأْيَهُ, (K, TA,) and حِلْمَهُ, (TA,) and سَــفُهَ, and سَــفَهَ, meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَىالسَّــفَهِ [which is virtually the same as سَــفَّهَــهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed سَــفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it; (K, TA;) agreeably with the meaning assigned to سَــفِهَ نَفْسَهُ by AO: (TA:) or this means he held himself in mean, or light, estimation; (MA, and Ksh and Bd in ii. 124;) and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: (Bd ibid.:) but Lh says that سَــفِهَ نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the ف], inf. n. سَــفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, means حَمَلَهُ عَلَى

السَّــفَهِ [or حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form, and that some say سَــفُهَ, which is rare: and accord. to J and others, (TA,) when they say ســفه نَفْسَهُ, and رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the ف], because فَعُلَ is not trans.: (S, TA:) so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in the K require consideration: (TA:) accord. to Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the phrase سَــفِهَ نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative, to indicate that the سَــفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be سَــفِهَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put in the accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind;] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is the phrase ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعًا, and طِبْتُ بِهِ نَفْسًا, meaning ضَاقَ ذَرْعِىبِهِ and طَابَتْ نَفْسِى بِهِ: (S, TA:) but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that إِلَّامَنْ سَــفِهَ نَفْسَهُ in the Kur [ii. 124] means الّا من سَــفِهَ فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i. e., who becomes سَفِيه; [the prep.] فى being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ نَفْسَهُ, i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or foolish or] unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner, سَــفِهَ رَأْيَهُ means جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c., in his judgment, or opinion]; and his judgment, or opinion, was unsound, without rectitude: and سَــفِهَ نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own soul. (TA.) سَــفِهَ الحَقَّ is likewise expl. as meaning الحَقَّ ↓ سَــفَّهَ [He made the truth, or right, to be foolishness, or the like]; and Yoo held the one to be a dial. var. of the other, and the measure of the former verb to denote intensiveness; and accord. to this explanation one may say, سَــفِهْــتُ زَيْدًا meaning زَيْدًا ↓ سَــفَّهْــتُ [I pronounced Zeyd lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is جَهِلَ الحَقَّ [he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not see it to be the truth, or right: (TA:) or he regarded the truth, or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (S and TA in art. غمط.) See also 2. b3: سَــفِهَ عَلَيْهِ signifies جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus trans. by means of عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him]; as also سَــفُهَ, (K, TA,) and ↓ تسافه. (K.) b4: and سَــفِهْــتُ نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the K that one says سَــفَهْــتُ نصيبى also, but only the former is authorized by the TA,] I forgot my share, or portion. (Th, K, TA.) b5: And سَــفَهَ صَاحِبَهُ, aor. ـُ He overcame his companion in what is termed مُسَافَهَــة [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (K.) You say, ↓ سَافَهَــهُ فَسَــفَهَــهُ. (TA.) b6: سَــفِهَــتِ الطَّعْنَةُ, (JK, K, TA,) inf. n. سَــفَهٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The spear-wound, or the like, emitted blood which came from it quickly (JK, K, TA) and dried up (وَجَفَّ [in the TK وِخف]): (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) b7: سَــفِهَ الضْلَرRَّرَابَ, (S, K,) inf. n. سَــفَهٌ, (TA,) He drank much of the beverage, or wine, without having his thirst satisfied thereby. (S, K, TA.) See also 3. and سَــفِهَ المَآءَ (tropical:) He drank the water immoderately. (TA.) b8: And سَــفِهْــتُ and سَــفَهْــتُ signify ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ, (so in the CK,) in [some of] the copies of the K ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ, but the right reading is ضْلَرRُغِلْتُ [i. e. I was occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]: or, accord. to the copies of the K, تَضْلَرRَغَّلْتُ; but correctly, or ضْلَرRَغَلْتُ [i. e. I occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]. (TA.) 2 سَــفَّهَ see 5. b2: [Hence,] سِــفِهِــهُ, inf. n. تَسْفِيهٌ, (S, Msb, K,) signifies جَعَلَهُ سَفِيهًا [i. e. He, or it, made him to be, or he pronounced him to be, lightwitted, &c.]; as also ↓ سَــفِهَــهُ; (K, TA;) on the authority of Akh and Yoo: (TA:) or he attributed to him what is termed سَــفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.]: (S, Msb:) or he said to him that he was such as is termed سَفِيه. Msb.) and ســفّه الجَهْلُ حِلْمَهُ Ignorance made him light, inconstant, unsteady, irresolute, or fickle; syn. أَطَاضْلَرRَهُ and أَخَــفَّهُ. (TA.) See also 1, in three places.3 سافهــهُ, (S, MA, K,) inf. n. مُسَافَهَــةٌ, (S, KL,) He acted [in a lightwitted manner,] foolishly, or ignorantly, with him; (MA, KL;) showed lightness, levity, weakness of mind, and lack of حِلْم [or gravity, &c.], with him. (KL.) You say, سَافَهَــهُ فَسَــفَهَــهُ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph. [سافهــه in this instance may mean as above, or may have the meaning here next following.] b2: He reviled him; or he reviled him, being reviled by him; syn. ضْلَرRَاتَمَهُ: whence the prov., سَفِيهٌ لَمْ

↓ يَجِدْ مُسَافِهًــا [A lightwitted person found not a reviler, or mutual reviler]; (K, TA;) mentioned in the S. (TA.) [See also 5.] b3: سافه الدَّنَّ, (S, K,) or الوَطْبَ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He sat with (قَاعَدَ) the دنّ [or wine-jar], (S, K,) or the وطب [or milk-skin], (S,) and drank from it while after while. (S, K.) And سافه الضْلَرRَّرَابَ (tropical:) He exceeded the due bounds in respect of the beverage, or wine, drinking it without measure; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَــفِهَــهُ. (K.) And سَافَهْــتُ المَآءَ (tropical:) I drank the water immoderately, (Lh, TA,) or without measure. (A, TA.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.] b4: And سَافَهَــتِ النَّاقَةُ الطَّرِيقَ (tropical:) The she-camel kept to the road, or way, (A, K, TA,) or took to it, (A, TA,) with a vehement pace: (A, K, TA:) or was light, or agile, in her pace, or going. (TA.) 4 أَسْــفَهْــتُهُ I found him to be سَفِيه [i. e. lightwitted, &c.]. (TA. [There said to be tropical; but I see not why.]) b2: أَسْــفَهَــكَ اللّٰه الضْلَرRَّرَابَ (assumed tropical:) May God make thee to drink of the beverage, or wine, without having thy thirst satisfied thereby: or أَسْــفَهَــهُ اللّٰهُ God made him, or may God make him, to drink without having his thirst satisfied: (S, accord. to different copies:) or اســفه اللّٰهُ فُلَانَّا المَآءَ God made, or may God make, such a one to drink much water. (TA.) 5 تســفّهــت الرِّيَاحُ The winds became in a state of commotion. (TA.) b2: تســفّهــت الرِّيحُ الضْلَرRَّجَرَ, (S,) or الغُصُونَ, (K, TA,) and الرِّيحُ ↓ سَــفَّهَــتِ الغُصُونَ, (Ham p. 359,) The wind made the trees, (S,) or the branches, (K,) to bend, or incline: (S, K:) and put the branches in motion: (K, and Ham ubi suprà:) or ruffled, and put in motion, the branches. (TA. [There said to be tropical: but see what is said of the primary signification of سَــفَهٌ, below.]) b3: [Hence,] it is said in a prov., فُرَارَةٌ تَسَــفَّهَــتْ قَرَارَةً A lamb, or kid, made a sheep, or goat, to incline [to silly behaviour]: applied to the old whom the young incites to lightwittedness (السَّــفَه) and levity. (Meyd. [See also a similar prov. in Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 253.]) b4: تســفّهــهُ عَنْ مَالِهِ He deluded him, or beguiled him, of his property. (S, K.) b5: تســفّه عَلَيْهِ He acted with سَفَاهَة [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.], or foolishly, towards him. (MA.) b6: And تَسَــفَّهْــتُ عَلَيْهِ signifies أَسْمَعْتُهُ [as meaning I reviled him]. (S.) [See also 3.]6 تسافه عَلَيْهِ: see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph. b2: [And تسافهــوا They behaved in a lightwitted, foolish, or ignorant, manner, one with another. See also 3, which has a similar meaning. b3: And They reviled one another: as seems to be indicated in the TA. See also Har p. 522: and see, again, 3.] b4: تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا, in a verse of Khalaf Ibn-Is-hák El-Bahránee, [describing swift camels,] means Their sides of the mouth casting forth their foam, one at another: like the saying of El-Jarmee, تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَرRْدَاقُهَا بِاللُّغَامِ [Their sides of the mouth casting forth the foam, one at another]. (TA. [تسافه, there written without any syll. signs, is app. thus, (for تَتَسَافَهُ,) not تُسَافِهُ.]) سَــفَهٌ, (S, TA,) as also ↓ سَفَاهَةٌ and ↓ سَفَاهٌ, (TA,) [all mentioned as inf. ns. in the first paragraph of this art.,] primarily signifies خِفَّةٌ [in its proper sense of Lightness], and motion, commotion, or agitation. (S, TA.) b2: And hence (S, TA) the first, (S, K, TA,) like each of the others, (K, TA,) signifies [generally Lightwittedness, or the like;] the contr. of حِلْمٌ; (S, K, TA;) [i. e.] خِفَّةٌ [as meaning lightness or levity, inconstancy, unsteadiness, irresoluteness; or lightness or levity, &c., and hastiness; for, as is said in the TA in art. رجح, the contr. of حِلْمٌ is described by the terms خِفَّةٌ and عَجَلٌ, like as حِلْمٌ is described by the term ثِقَلٌ]; and slenderness, shallowness, or weakness, of judgment; qualities which deficiency of intellect, or understanding, necessarily involves: (Bd in ii. 12, in explanation of سَــفَهٌ:) or خِفَّةُ حِلْمٍ

[i. e. slightness of gravity or staidness or sedateness or calmness &c.]: or جَهْلٌ [i. e. ignorance, or silliness or foolishness]: (K, TA:) all of which explanations are nearly alike: (TA:) or سَــفَهٌ is a deficiency in intellect or understanding: (Msb:) or a lightness, or levity, accidental to a man, arising from joy or anger, inducing him to act unreasonably and unlawfully. (KT.) سَفَاهٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَفيِهٌ [Having the quality termed سَــفَهٌ; i. e., accord. to the explanation of the primary signification of the latter, above, Light; and in a state of motion, commotion, or agitation:] applied to a camel's nose-rein, (S, K,) light: (S:) or quivering; (K, TA;) because of the she-camel's shaking it, and contending in pulling it. (TA: but there said to be, when thus applied, tropical.) Dhu-rRummeh says, عَلَى ظَهْرِ مِقْلَاتٍ سَفِيهٍ جَدِيلُهَا i. e. [Upon the back of a she-camel that had brought forth but once and not conceived after,] whose nose-rein was light. (S. In the TA, زِمَامُهَا is here put in the place of جَدِيلُهَا.) and one says also نَاقَةٌ سَفِيهَةُ الزِمَامِ, (K, TA,) meaning [A she-camel whose nose-rein is light, or quivering: or] light, or agile, in pace or going. (TA: in which this, also, is said to be tropical.) b2: Also Lightwitted; light of intellect or understanding; (TA;) deficient in intellect or understanding; (Msb;) ignorant; (Mujáhid, K, TA;) weak; foolish, stupid, unsound in intellect or understanding, dull therein, or having little, or no, intellect, or understanding; (Mujáhid, TA;) and ↓ سَافِهٌ, also, [which is syn. with سَفِيهٌ in all the senses mentioned above,] is expl. by IAar as having this last meaning of foolish, stupid, &c.: (TA:) the fem. is سَفِيهَةٌ: (Msb, K:) and the pl. of the masc., (K,) or of the masc. and fem., (Msb, TA,) is سُــفَهَــآءُ, (Msb, K, TA,) and of both, سِفَاهٌ, and of the fem., سَفِيهَاتٌ also and سَفَائِهُ and سُــفَّهٌ. (K, TA.) In the Kur ii. 282, سَفِيهًا means, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, Ignorant of the ordinances, or statutes; one who does not dictate well, and knows not what dictation is; for he who is ignorant in all his circumstances may not deal with another upon credit: accord. to ISd, ignorant or صَغِير [meaning under the age of puberty]; not ignorant of dictating, as Lh asserts it to mean, because it is added, “or not able to dictate, himself: ” this, says Er-Rághib, denotes سَــفَه in respect of worldly matters: in the Kur lxxii. 4, سَفِيهُنَا denotes سَــفَه in religion. (TA.) In the Kur iv. 4, the pl. السُّــفَهَــآء is said to mean Women, and young children; because they are ignorant of the proper object of expense: and I'Ab is related to have said that women are termed السُّــفَّهُ and السُّــفَهَــآءُ: (Lh, TA:) Az, also, says that a woman is termed سَفِيهَةٌ because of the weakness of her intellect, and because she does not manage well her property; and in like manner are termed children as long as they are not known to be characterized by maturity of intellect, and rectitude of actions, and good management of affairs. (TA.) b3: ثَوْبٌ سَفِيهٌ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, badly woven; thin, flimsy, unsubstantial, or scanty in the yarn. (K, * TA.) سَفَاهَةٌ: see سَــفَهٌ.

سَافِهٌ: see سَفيهٌ. b2: Also, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Vehemently thirsty: and so سَاهِفٌ. (Az, TA.) وَادٍ مُسْــفَهٌ (tropical:) A valley filled [with water]: (K, TA:) as though it exceeded the due bounds, and became such as is termed سَفِيه: imagined to be from أسْــفَهْــتُهُ signifying “ I found him to be سَفِيه. ” (TA.) طَعَامٌ مَسْــفَهَــةٌ, (K, TA, in the CK [erroneously]

مُسْــفِهٌ,) as also مَسْهَفَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) Food that incites [in the CK يُتْعِبُ is erroneously put for يَبْعَتُ] to the drinking of much water. (IAar, * K, TA.) مُسَافِهٌ act. part. n. of 3, q. v.

رفه

1 رَــفُهَ عَيْشُهُ, (JK, K,) or العَيْشُ, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. رَفَاهَةٌ and رَفَاهِيَةٌ (JK, Mgh, Msb, K *) and رُــفْهَــةٌ, (JK,) His life, or the life, was, or became, ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, (JK, Mgh, Msb, K,) and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate. (JK, * Msb, K.) [See also رَفَاهَةٌ, below.]

A2: رَــفَهَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رُفُوهٌ (JK, Msb, K) and رَــفْهٌ (Msb, K) and رِــفْهٌ, (K,) [or this last is perhaps a simple subst.,] said of a man, He led [a plentiful, and] an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life; (K;) he found, or experienced, [or enjoyed, (see the part. n. رَافِهٌ, below,)] an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life, with ampleness of the means of subsistence; and ↓ ترفّه is [syn. therewith, its part. n. مُتَرَــفِّهٌ being syn. with رَافِهٌ, and the verb itself being] quasipass. of رَــفَّهَ: (Msb:) or he found, or experienced, rest, or ease, after fatigue. (JK.) [See also 4.]

b2: رَــفَهَــتِ الإِبِلُ, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Mgh,) inf. n. رَــفْهٌ and رُفُوهٌ, (S, [and it is implied in the K that رِــفْهٌ also is an inf. n. of the verb thus used, but it is a simple subst. accord. to the S,]) The camels came to the water to drink (S, Mgh, K) every day, (S,) when they would. (S, Mgh, K.) [See رِــفْهٌ, below.]

A3: أَمَا تَرْــفَهُ فُلَانًا Hast thou not, or wherefore wilt thou not have, mercy, or pity, or compassion, on such a one? (TA. [The meaning is there only indicated by the context.]) 2 رفّه, inf. n. تَرْفِيهٌ: see 4, in five places. b2: رفّه نَفْسَهُ, inf. n. as above, He rested himself; made himself to be at rest or at ease; or gave himself rest. (Mgh, Msb.) b3: رفّه عَنْهُ, (JK, S, Mgh, K,) or عَلَيْهِ, (so accord. to one copy of the S, [both correct, but the former the more common,]) inf. n. as above, (S, K,) He made his circumstances ample and easy; eased him, or relieved him; and granted him a delay; (JK, * S, * Mgh, K; *) namely, his debtor; (S, Mgh;) or one who was in straitness, or distress: (TA:) and he behaved, or acted, gently, softly, tenderly, graciously, or courteously, with him: (JK, TA: *) and رَــفِّهْ عَلَىَّ Grant thou to me a delay: it is from رِــفْهٌ as used in relation to camels. (Mgh.) and رُــفِّهَ عَنْهُ التَّعَبُ Fatigue was removed from him, or made to quit him. (TA.) 4 ارفه He found, or experienced, rest, or ease, (K,) or he remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, and found, or experienced, rest, or ease, (IAar, TA,) عِنْدِنَا at our abode; as also ↓ رفّه, inf. n. تَرْفِيهٌ; (IAar, TA;) and ↓ استرفه. (IAar, K.) b2: He kept continually, or constantly, to the eating of dainty food, (K, TA,) and indulged himself largely in eating and drinking: and this is said to be meant in a trad. in which الإِرْفَاه is forbidden; because it is one of the practices of the foreigners and of worldly people. (TA.) b3: He anointed himself, (JK, S, K,) and combed, or anointed and combed, his hair, (S,) every day: (JK, S, K:) and this also is said to be meant in the trad. above mentioned: (JK, S, TA:) or by الارفاه in that trad. is meant [the indulging in] ease and plenty. (JK.) b4: ارفهُ المَالُ The cattle remained near to the water (K, TA) in the water-ing-trough or tank, pasturing there upon the plants, or trees, called حَمْض. (TA.) b5: and ارفهــوا Their camels, (JK,) or their cattle, (K,) came to the water to drink (JK, K) every day, (JK,) or when they would. (K.) A2: أَرْــفَهَــهُمْ He (God) made them to have an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, and a plentiful, life; as also ↓ رَــفَّهَــهُمْ, inf. n. تَرْفِيهٌ: (K, TA:) and أَرْــفَهْــتُهُ and ↓ رَــفَّهْــتُهُ I made him to find, or experience, [or enjoy, (see 1,)] an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life, with ampleness of the means of subsistence. (Msb.) b2: And ارفه الإِبِلَ; (S, K;) and ↓ رفّهــها, (K,) and عَنْهَا ↓ رفّه, inf. n. as above; (TA;) He made the camels to come to the water to drink (S, K, TA) every day, (S, TA,) when they would. (S, K, TA.) 5 تَرَــفَّهَ see 1.10 إِسْتَرْــفَهَ see 4.

رِــفْهٌ [said in the K to be an inf. n. of رَــفَهَ said of a man, and app. of رَــفَهَــت said of camels: or it is] a subst. from رَــفَهَــت said of camels; (S;) and [thus] signifies The coming of camels to the water to drink (JK, S, * Mgh) every day, (JK, S, *) when they will: (S, * Mgh:) or the shortest and quickest of the times of coming to water. (TA.) [See also ثِلْثٌ, and عُرَيْجَآءُ.] Lebeed uses it metaphorically in relation to palm-trees growing over water, saying, يَشْرَبْنَ رِــفْهًــا عِرَاكًا غَيْرَ صَادِيَةٍ

فَكُلُّهَا كَارِعٌ فِى المَآءِ مُغْتَمِرُ [(tropical:) They drink every day, together, not thirsting; and every one of them is sipping the water, dipping therein]. (TA.) A2: Also Small, or young, palm-trees. (JK, K, TA. [By Golius and Freytag written, in this sense, رِــفَهٌ.]) رُــفَهٌ i. q. تِبْنٌ [i. e. Straw; or straw that has been trodden, or thrashed, and cut: by some written رُفَّةٌ; and by some, رُفَتٌ]: (Kr, S, K:) whence the prov., أَغْنَى مِنَ التُّــفَهِ عَنِ الرُّــفَهِ [More free from want than the badger is from the want of straw]; التُّــفَهُ meaning the beast of prey called عَنَاقُ الأَرْضِ; because it does not feed upon straw: (S:) [by some written التُّــفَّهُ; and by some, التُّفَةُ; and by some, التُّفَّةُ:] accord. to some, the former word is with ة; and الرُّفَرُفَتٌ occurs as its pl. in a verse cited by IF: accord to ISk, the two words are correctly without teshdeed, and with the radical ه. (TA in art. تــفه.) [See also رُفَتٌ, in art. رفت.]

رَــفْهَــةٌ Pity, compassion, or mercy. (AHeyth, K.) Thus expl. as used in the saying, إِذَا سَقَطَتِ الطَّرْــفَهْ قَلَّتْ فِى الأَرْضِ الرَّــفْهَــه. (TA. [But الطَّرْــفَه is here an evident mistranscription for الصَّرْــفَه, the name of the Twelfth Mansion of the Moon: the meaning is, When الصرفه sets aurorally, pity becomes little in the earth; because then the cold ends: see art. صرف.]) رَــفْهَــانُ: see رَافِهٌ, in two places.

رُــفَهْــنِيَةٌ: see رَفَاهَةٌ.

رَفِيهٌ: see رَافِهٌ, in two places.

رَفَاهَةٌ and ↓ رَفَاهِيَةٌ, (S, Msb, K, [both expressly shown in the JK and Mgh and Msb to be inf. ns.,]) like رَفَاغَةٌ and رَفَاغِيَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ رُــفَهْــنِيَةٌ, (S, K,) like رُفَغْنِيَةٌ, (TA,) the last rendered quasi-coordinate to the quinqueliteral-radical class [partly] by means of ا in its latter part, changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (S, [but mentioned also in a separate art., as well as here, in the S and K,]) A state of life ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, (S, Msb, K,) and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate: (Msb, K:) so in the saying, هُوَ فِى رَفَاهَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ (S) and رَفَاهِيَةٍ (S, Msb) and رُــفَهْــنِيَةٍ (S) He is in a state of life ample in its means &c. (S, Msb.) رَفَاهِيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رَافِهٌ, applied to life, as meaning Ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, (Mgh,) [and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate; like

↓ رَفِيهٌ: b2: and] applied to a man, (JK, S, Msb,) In a state of ease, and ampleness of the means or circumstances of life; (JK, S;) in a state of rest, or ease; (Mgh, Msb, K;) enjoying an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ رَفِيهٌ (K [though this seems to be applied more properly to life itself, being from رَــفُهَ,]) and ↓ رَــفْهَــانُ (K) and ↓ مُتَرَــفِّهٌ: (Mgh, Msb, K:) or ↓ رَــفْهَــانُ signifies in a state of rest, or ease, after fatigue; and its pl. is رِفَاهٌ and رَفَاهَى. (JK.) b3: إِبِلٌ رَوَافِهُ, [the latter word being pl. of رَافِهَــةٌ,] Camels coming to the water to drink (JK, K) every day, (JK,) when they will. (K.) b4: بَيْنِى

وَبَيْنَكَ لَيْلَةٌ رَافِهَــةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ثَلَاثُ لَيَالٍ رَوَافِهُ, (JK, S, K, *) [Between me and thee is a night, and are three nights,] of gentle, or easy, journeying. (JK, S, Msb, K.) b5: هُوَ رَافِهٌ بِهِ He is affected with mercy, pity, or compassion, for him. (Aboo-Leylà, K.) هُوَ أَرْــفَهُ مِنْهُ means أَكْثَرُ رَــفْهًــا [i. e. He is one who leads, or enjoys, a more easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate, and plentiful, life than he]. (TA.) مُتَرَــفِّهٌ: see رَافِهٌ.

تــفه

1 تَــفِهَ, aor. ـَ (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَــفَهٌ, (JK, Msb, K, TA,) or تَــفْهٌ, (Mgh, CK,) and تُفُوهٌ (K) and تَفَاهَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) or this last is a mistake; (Mgh;) and تَــفَهَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. تُفُوهٌ; (JK;) It (a thing, JK, Mgh, Msb) was, or became, paltry, sorry, mean, contemptible, or inconsiderable; (JK, S, Mgh, Msb;) and little, or small, in quantity or number. (JK, S, K.) b2: تَــفِهَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. تُفُوهٌ, He (a man) was, or became, stupid, or foolish. (JK, K.) And تَــفِهَــتْ نَفْسُهُ His mind became weak. (JK.) b3: تَــفَهَ, aor. ـُ and تَــفِهَ, aor. ـَ He, or it, was, or became, lean, or meagre; syn. غَثَّ. (K.) It is said in a trad. (S, K) of Ibn-Mes'ood, (K,) القُرْآنُ لَا يَتْــفَهُ وَلَا يَتَشَّانُ, (S, K, [in the CK, erroneously, يُتْــفَهُ and يُتَشانُّ, and in some copies of the K, for the latter is put ينتان,]) i. e. لَا يَغِثُّ وَ لَا يَخْلَقُ (assumed tropical:) [The Kur-án will not become meagre, nor will it become worn out]: (K: [in the CK, erroneously, لا يُغَثُّ و لا يُخْلَقُ:]) it is implied by the context in the S, that لا يتــفه means will not become paltry, or mean: لايتشانّ means will not become worn out by reason of much repetition; from شَنُّ signifying “ a wornout water-skin. ” (TA.) 4 اتــفه فِى عَطَائِهِ [He was paltry, sorry, mean, or niggardly, in his gift;] he made his gift little, or small. (TA.) تَــفِهٌ: see تَافِهٌ. b2: Also Insipid; tasteless; and so ↓ تَافِهٌ. (KL.) You say أَطْعِمَةٌ تَــفِهَــةٌ Kinds of food having no taste of sweetness, or of sourness, or of bitterness; and some include bread and flesh-meat among these. (K.) تَافِهٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, KL, TA) and ↓ تَــفِهٌ (Mgh, KL, TA) applied to a thing, (JK, Mgh, Msb,) and the former to a man also, (TA,) Paltry, sorry, mean, contemptible, or inconsiderable: (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, KL, TA:) and little, or small, in quantity or number. (JK, S, TA, and KL in explanation of the former.) b2: تَافِهُ العَقْلِ A man having little sense, or intellect; (TA;) stupid, or foolish. (JK.) b3: See also تَــفِهٌ. b4: تَافِهٌ also signifies Afflicted, or distressed, by reason of disease and fatigue. (JK.) مُتَــفَّهَــةٌ; (JK, TA;) so in the handwriting of Sgh; in the K, مُتْــفَهَــةٌ; (TA;) Easy, submissive, or tractable; applied to a she-camel. (JK, K.)

فهــر

1 فَهَــرَ, aor. , (Msb, K,) inf. n. فَهْــرٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and فَهَــرٌ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ افهــر, (IAar, O, * K,) inf. n. إِــفْهَــارٌ; (TA;) He compressed a woman, (IAar, S, O, Msb, K,) one of his young women, (IAar,) without consummating the act, i. e. without إِنْزَال, (IAar, S, O, Msb,) and then removed to another and consummated the act (IAar, S, O, Msb, K) with the latter, (IAar, O, Msb,) who was with him in the house, or chamber; (IAar;) the doing of which is forbidden (S, O, Msb) by the Prophet: (O:) and ↓ the latter verb signifies also He was alone with one of his young women, (K, TA,) لِقَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ, (TA,) when another of them heard the sound proceeding from him, which [sound] is termed الوَجْسُ, (K, TA,) and الرِّكْزُ, and الحَفْحَفَةُ; (TA;) which [also] is forbidden. (K, TA.) 2 فهّــر, inf. n. تَــفْهِــيرٌ, He compressed without consummating the act, i. e. without إِنْزَال, by reason of weariness and languor. (Msb in art. عزل. [See also 1.]) b2: Also, inf. n. as above, He (a man) was, or became, weary, or fatigued. (S, TA.) Said of a horse, as also ↓ فَيْهَرَ and ↓ تَفَيْهَرَ, He was, or became, out of breath by reason of fatigue or running; (K, TA;) and interrupted, or stopped short, in running; and jaded: (TA:) or he fell back by degrees from running, by reason of weakness, and being interrupted, or stopped short, in running: (K, TA:) or the first deficiency of the rate of running of the horse is termed التَّرَادُّ [the falling back by degrees]; the next, الفُتُورُ [the becoming languid]; and the next, التَّــفْهِــيرُ. (S, TA.) 4 أَــفْهَــرَ see 1, in two places.

A2: افهــر بَعِيرُهُ His camel became jaded, and broke down with him, or perished, so that he was unable to prosecute his journey. (IDrd, O, K.) A3: And افهــر (said of a man, TA) His flesh became compacted and lumpy (O, K *) and wrinkled by reason of fatness: (O:) when such is the case, it is the ugliest sort of fatness. (O, K.) A4: Also He was present at the festival of the Jews, (IDrd, O, K, TA,) called الــفُهْــر: (TA:) or he came to their synagogue: (K, TA:) or it signifies also he was present in their synagogue. (IDrd, O.) A5: And أُــفْهِــرَتْ, said of a girl, She was circumcised. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 5 تــفهّــر فِى المَالِ He became, or made himself, ample, or abundant, in wealth, or in camels, or the like; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ تَفَيْهَرَ; (K;) as though the former verb were formed by substitution from تَبَحَّرَ: or it may mean he was, or became, weary, fatigued, or jaded, and languid, or remiss. (S, O.) And تــفهّــر فِى الكَلَامِ He took a wide, or an ample, range in speech. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 فَيْهَرَ: see 2.

Q. Q. 2 تَفَيْهَرَ: see 2: b2: and see also 5.

الــفُهْــرُ, (Msb, K,) or فُهْــرُ اليَهُودِ, (S, Mgh, O,) The synagogue of the Jews, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) in which they assemble (O, Msb, K) for prayer (Msb) on the occasion of their festival: (K:) or a certain day on which they eat and drink: (K:) or it signifies also a certain festival of the Jews: (O:) [app. the feast of Purim (written in the Book of Esther פּוּרִים pl. of פּוּר)]: accord. to A 'Obeyd, (O, Msb,) a Hebrew word, (S, O, Msb,) or Nabathæan; (Msb;) arabicized; (S, Msb;) originally بُهْر; (S, O, Msb;) and the Christians say فُخْر. (TA.) فِهْــرٌ, (S, O, K,) masc. and fem.; (Fr, S, O, K;) or, accord. to Lth, the Arabs in general made it fem.; but it occurs in the K as masc.; (TA;) A stone such as fills the hand: (S, O, K:) or a stone of the size of that with which one crushes walnuts (K, TA) and the like: (TA:) or a round stone with which one bruises, or brays, perfume: (Ham p. 643:) or a stone, absolutely: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَــفْهَــارٌ (S, O, K) and [of mult.] فُهُــورٌ: (O, K:) As used to say فِهْــرٌ and ↓ فِهْــرَةٌ, (S, O,) [indicating the former to be a coll. gen. n. and the latter to be the n. un.,] like سِدْرٌ and سِدْرَةٌ: (O:) the dim. is ↓ فُهَــيْرَةٌ. (S, O.) فِهْــرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

فَهِــيرَةٌ Pure, unmixed, milk, into which heated stones are put; and when it boils, flour is sprinkled upon it, and it is mixed, and stirred about, and beaten, therewith; and is then eaten: (ISk, S, O, K:) it has also been mentioned as with ق. (TA.) فُهَــيْرَةٌ [dim. of فِهْــرٌ and of فِهْــرَةٌ]: see فِهْــرٌ.

نَاقَةٌ فِيْهَرَةٌ and فَيْهَرٌ, (O, K,) the former mentioned by IDrd, and the latter by Ibn-'Abbád, A she-camel that is hard and strong, (O,) or hard and large. (K.) أَرْضٌ مَــفْهَــرَةٌ Land having in it [stones such as are termed] أَــفْهَــار [pl. of فِهْــرٌ]. (O, TA.) مَفَاهِرُكَ, (K, TA,) thus we find it, with fet-h, but in some copies of the K with damm, (TA,) The flesh of thy breast. (K, TA.) IF says that there is not in the original language [of the Arabs] more than one word having in it the letters ف and ه and ر, and that is الــفِهْــرُ. (O.)

فهــم

1 فَهِــمَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. فَهْــمٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and فَهَــمٌ, (Msb, K,) which is the more chaste, (K,) but the former is a dial. var. [more] extensively obtaining, or, as some say, it is a subst. used as an inf. n., (Msb,) and فَهَــامِيَةٌ (S, K) and فَهَــامَةٌ and فِهَــامَةٌ, (K,) He understood it, or knew it with the mind; he apprehended its meaning; syn. عَقَلَهُ, (JK,) and عَلِمَهُ (S, Msb, K) and عَرَــفَهُ بِالقَلْبِ. (K.) And فَهِــمَ عَنْهُ [He understood what he (another) said]. (A in art. خرس; &c.) [See also فَهْــمٌ below.] b2: فَهُــمَ, meaning He was, or became, such as is termed فَهِــيم [i. e. one having much understanding], is like عَلُمَ, meaning “ he was, or became, such as is termed عَلِيم. ” (TA.) 2 فَهَّــمَ see what next follows.4 أَــفْهَــمْتُهُ and ↓ فَهَّــمْتُهُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. of the latter تَــفْهِــيمٌ, (S, TA,) I made him to understand, or know, a thing; (S, * Msb, * K, * TA;) syn. جَعَلْتُهُ يَــفْهَــمُهُ. (TA.) 5 تــفهّــمهُ He understood it, or knew it, (فَهِــمَهُ,) one thing [or one particular thereof] after another; (S, K;) namely, speech, or language. (S.) b2: [And He endeavoured to understand it. (See its inf. n. as used in the former half of the second paragraph of art. دبر.)] And ↓ التَّفَاهُمُ signifies the same as التَّــفَهُّــمُ [app. as meaning The endeavouring to understand; or the affecting, or pretending, to understand]. (TA.) 6 تَفَاْهَمَ see what next precedes.7 انــفهــم, (K, TA,) as quasi-pass. of فَهَّــمَهُ, inf. n. تَــفْهِــيمٌ, [or of أَــفْهَــمَهُ, i. e. as meaning He was made to understand, or know,] (TA,) is an incorrect word, (K, TA.) 10 اِسْتَــفْهَــمَنِى الشَّىْءَ He sought, or desired, of me, the understanding of the thing [i. e., that he might be made to understand it]; (S, * K, * TA;) syn. طَلَبَ مِنِّى فَهْــمَهُ. (TA.) فَهْــمٌ is an inf. n. of 1, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) or a subst. used as an inf. n.: (Msb:) [see 1, first sentence:] it is expl. as signifying The conception of the meaning from the word, or expression: or the quickness of the transition of the mind from extrinsic to other [i. e. intrinsic] things: or a condition of the mind whereby it ascertains what is approvable: or, as in the “ Ahkám ” of El-Ámidee, excellence of intelligence in respect of its readiness to apprehend quickly subjects of inquiry that present themselves to it. (TA.) فَهِــمٌ, an epithet applied to a man, (S,) Quick of understanding; syn. سَرِيعُ الــفَهْــمِ. (K.) فَهِــيمٌ Having much understanding; syn. كَثِيرُ الــفَهْــمِ; an intensive epithet; like ↓ فَهَّــامَةٌ [except that the latter is doubly intensive]. (TA.) فَهَّــامَةٌ: see what next precedes.

فَاهِمٌ [act. part. n. of فَهِــمَ; Understanding, or knowing, a thing].

مَــفْهُــومٌ [pass. part. n. of فَهِــمَ; Understood, or known. b2: And hence, لَفْظٍ مَــفْهُــومٌ The acceptation of a word or an expression; i. e. the meaning, or sense, in which it is understood: see also مَعْنًى, in art. عنى].

فهــد

1 فَهِــدَ, (S, A, O, L, K,) aor. ـَ (A, K,) inf. n. فَهَــدٌ, (L.) He (a man. S, A, O) resembled the فَهْــد [or lynx] (S, A, O, L, K) in his stretching himself and his sleeping. (L, K,) or in his much sleeping, and stretching himself. (S, A, O.) And He slept, and was, or feigned himself, heedless of what was requisite, or necessary to be done. (L, K.) Hence the saying, (S, L,) of a woman describing her husband, as related in the story of Umm-Zara, (L,) إِنْ دَخَلَ فَهِــدَ وَإِنْ خَرَجَ أَسِدَ وَلَا يَسْأَلُ عَمَّا عَهِدَ, (S, * L,) i. e. If he come in and be with me in the tent, or house, he is gentle and quiet like the فَهْــد, which is described as sleeping much; and is, or feigns himself, heedless of the things that are amiss therein, and that I ought to put into a right, or proper, state; such is his generosity, and goodness of disposition; and if he go out, and see his enemy, he is like the lion [in boldness; and he will not ask respecting what he has ordered]. (L.) And one says, فَهِــدْتَ عَنِّى, inf. n. فَهَــدٌ, Thou wast, or hast been, heedless, or negligent, of me. (A.) A2: فَهَــدَ لَهُ, (O, L, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) He did well, or kindly, in his affair in his absence; (O, L, K:) like فَأَدَ, and مَهَدَ. (O, L.) فَهْــدٌ [The lynx; lupus cervarius;] a well-known beast of prey; (L, Msb, K;) with which one hunts; and which sleeps much; (L;) called in Pers\. يُوزْ: (Mgh:) fem. فَهْــدَةٌ: (L. Msb:) pl. of the masc. فُهُــودٌ (S, Mgh, O, L, Msb, K) and أَــفْهُــدٌ (O, L, K) which is a pl. of pauc.; (O:) and the pl. of the fem., accord. to analogy, is فَهَــدَاتٌ (Msb.) أَنْوَمُ مِنَ الــفَهْــدِ [More sleepful than the lynx] is a proverb. (A.) b2: And A nail in the واسِط [or fore part] of the [camel's saddle called]

رَحْل; (O, L, K;) also termed كَلْبٌ [q. v.]. (L.) To the creaking sound of this nail the similar sound of a stallion-camel's tushes is likened.

فَهِــدٌ and فِهِــدْ [A man] resembling the فَهْــد [or lynx] in his stretching himself and has sleeping [or in his doing thus much, or often]: and [a man] being. or feigning himself, heedless of what is requisite, or necessary to be done. (K.) فَهْــدَةٌ fem. of فَهْــدٌ [q. v.] (Msb.) A2: The اِسْت [i. e. podex, or anus]. (L, K.) A3: A small piece of butter. (L in art. نهد.) A4: الــفَهْــدَتَانِ, (S, A, O.) or فَهْــدَتَا الفَرَسِ, (L, K,) or فَهْــدَتَا صَدْرِ الفَرَسِ, (AO, TA,) Two prominent portions of flesh in the [part of the breast called] زَوْر [q. v.] of the horse, [S, A, O, K,) like two stones of the kind termed فِهْــر: (S, O:) or the prominent flesh in the breast of the horse, on its right and left (L:) or two positions of flesh on the right and left of the breast of the horse. (AO, TA.) b2: And فَهْــدَتَا البَعِيرِ Two protuberant bones behind the ears of the camel; (O, L, K;) the same that are termed الخُشَشَاوَانِ. (O, L.) فَهَّــادٌ The owner, or master, of a فَهْــد [or lynx]: (L:) or one who trains the فَهْــد for hunting. (T, O, L, K.) فَوْهَدٌ A fat boy or youth, (AA, S, O, L,) that has nearly attained to puberty; (AA, S, L;) i. q. ثَوْهَدٌ; (O, K;) [and فَرْهَدٌ and فُرْهُدٌ:] and فَلْهَدٌ; (AA, L;) as also ↓ أُــفْهُــودٌ: (O, K:) Yaakoob asserts that the ف in فوهد is a substitute for the ث in ثوهد, or that the converse is the case; and both signify a boy perfect in make; or, accord. to AA, soft and plump: or both signify perfect, and soft, thin-skinned, and plump: (L:) fem. فَوْهَدَةٌ. (S, O, L, K).

أُــفْهُــودٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.