زيد: زاد: كثر، وفر، نما، ازداد وتوافر. وفي قصة عنتر: زاد به الغَيْظ، انظر منتخبات من هذه القصة عند كوسج (طرائف ص87، 90، 93، 94).
زاد: زايد في السعر، أغلى الثمن (بوشر)، ويقال: زاد في الثمن (المقري 1: 302)، وزاد في الكتاب: رفع ثمنه (المقري 1: 8، 13).
زاد في: وسع، يقال مثلاً: زاد في المسجد أي وسعه (معجم البلاذري، المقري 1: 359، الجريدة الآسيوية 1849، 1: 189).
زاد وكثر: ذهب بعيداً، جاوز الحد (بوشر).
زاد وزاد في: أضاف إلى البيت بناية أخرى (معجم البلاذري، المقري 1: 359، الجريدة الآسيوية 1849، 1: 189).
أزاد: أضعف، ضاعف (بوشر).
أزاد في الكيل: أفعمه وملأه (بوشر).
تزيَّد: زاد في معلوماته، في حيّان - بسّام (3: 5ق): كان رجلاً واسع العلم ولم يشغله عن التَزَيُّد عظيما ما مارسه من الحروب.
تزيَّد: جرى، حدث، وقع ز ففي أبو حمو (ص83): ثم أن أبني رئيس الشرطة، سيمثل بين يديك ليخبرك بما تزيّد في ليلتك حتى لا يخفي عليك شيء من أحوال رعيتك.
تزايد: توسع وتكاثرت أموال وثروته (بوشر).
تزايد الغلام: ولد بعد أن أصبح أبوه شيخاً وخشي أن يموت دون أن يخلف من يرثه، ففي تاريخ تونس (ص129): وجاء البشير من الدولة العليَّة مخبراً بتزايد غلام للسلطان مصطفى خان بعد إياس، وفيه: ترك أبناً تزايد له من ابنة الخ.
زِيدان: نغمة من نغمات الموسيقى (هوست ص258)، وعند سلفادور (ص54): زَيْدان.
زِيَادة: كثرة، وفرة (بوشر).
زيادة: مزايدة، رفع ثمن الشيء إلى أكثر مما وصل إليه في المزايدة، أو إعطاء ثمن أكثر مما قدمه آخر (المقري 1: 302، ألف ليلة 3: 78). الزيادة: من يزيد؟ من يرفع الثمن فيقدم شعراً أعلى؟ (جاكسون ص132). وخمسين ريال عل الزيادة أي خمسين ريالاً أكثر (جاكسون تمبكتو ص95).
الزيادة عند الصوفية: شيء أكثر من الجنة (الحسنى) وهو رؤية الله تعالى (المقري 1: 584)، وهو في (ص583) يشير إلى الآية (10: 27): لِلّذين أَحْسَنُوا الحُسْنَى وزِيَادَةً (المقري 1: 893).
زيادة: بإفراط، ففي ألف ليلة (3: 196): مع زيادة صغره أي رغم إفراط قصره (بوشر).
زيادة: واجهة الكنيسة ذات الباب الكبير (ألكالا).
زيادة: رواق، أسطوان (ألكالا).
الزيادة: اسم باب جامع في دمشق (المقري 1: 720).
زيادة لحم أو زيادة لحميَّة: غدَّة (بوشر).
زيادة الحمير عند الفرس، انظر ابن العوام (2: 655).
زائد، الزائد: ما يزداد على الإيجار، وهو يحب دفعه أكثر من الإيجار السابق (المقري 1: 602).
زائداً على (عبد الواحد ص261)، وزائداً إلى (ابن بطوطة 4: 300): علاوة على ذلك، فوق ذلك.
زَائِدَة: نتوء في العظم. وزائدة عظمية: عَرَن، ورم عظمي. وزائدة لحمية: نتوء فطري (بوشر)، وورم يظهر في طرف قصبة الساق في الأرجل الأمامية والخلفية، ويسمى بالفرنسية Suros: أي مشش، كنب في ساق الفرس، جسأة، شوّنة.
ذو الزوائد: النعام (ديوان امرئ القيس ص45 البيت السادس).
مزاد: موضع المزايدة وموضع البيع بالمزاد (بوشر).
مزيد: ضيف يحمل الطعام إلى بيته (دوماس حياة العرب ص314).
مزيود: مولود (بوشر بربرية، رولاند).
مستزيد: طموح (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 97، 274).

زيد

1 زَادَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. زِيَادَةٌ (S, A, * Msb, K *) and زَيْدٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) with which are syn. زِيدٌ (S, K) and زَيَدٌ (K) and مَزِيدٌ (S, K) and زَيْدَانٌ, which last is anomalous, like شَنْآنٌ (K) and لَيَّانٌ, said to be the only instances of the kind, (TA,) all as inf. ns., (TK,) and so is مَزَادٌ, (TA,) and J adds that زُوَادَةٌ is mentioned by Yaakoob, from Ks, from El-Bekree, as syn. with زِيَادَةٌ, but this is a mistake, which is unfairly imputed to J by the author of the K, (MF,) [who says,] as to الزُّوَادَةُ, it is a mistranscription by J, for the words are الزُّوَارَةُ and الزِّيَارَةُ, [in the CK الرُّوادةُ and الرِّيادةُ,] with ر, and without the mention of [the signification of] النُّمُوُّ, (K, TA,) It (a thing, S, Mgh, Msb, [as, for ex.,] water, and property, A) increased, or augmented, or grew; (S, A, TA;) [and in like manner said of a man, and of any animal;] as also ↓ اِزْدَادَ: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) or this latter has a more intensive signification than the former, like اِكْتَسَبَ in relation to كَسَبَ. (MF. [See also 5.]) In this sense it has a single objective complement; as in زَادَ كَذَا It, or he, increased, or augmented, or grew, in such a thing; as also ↓ اِزْدَادَ. (TA.) [The latter is more commonly used in this manner.] You say, ↓ اِزْدَدْتُ مَالًا (A, Mgh, Msb) [I increased in property: also] meaning I increased to myself, or for myself, property. (Mgh, * Msb.) And الأَمْرُ ↓ ازداد صُعُوبَةً [The affair increased in difficulty]. (A.) b2: [Also It exceeded; it was, or became, redundant, or superfluous; it remained over and above. And زَادَ عَلَيْهِ It exceeded it; as also ↓ تزايد.] You say, زَادَ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ ضِعْفَهُ [It exceeded the thing by the like thereof, or more]. (A.) and زَادَ عَلَى مَا أَرَادَ [It exceeded what he desired]. (A.) b3: Also He gave an addition: so in the saying, فَقَدْ أَرْبَى ↓ مَنْ زَادَ وَازْدَادَ He who gives an addition, and who takes it, [each of these] practises usury. (Msb.) b4: [And He added, or exaggerated.] يَزِيدُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [He adds, or exaggerates, in his narration, or talk, or discourse,] is said of a liar. (A and TA voce سَرَّاجٌ. [See also 5.]) A2: It is also trans.: (Msb:) you say, زَادَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. زِيَادَةٌ, He increased it, or augmented it. (L.) And in this sense it is doubly trans.: (MF:) you say, زَادَهُ اللّٰهُ خَيْرًا, (S, K,) or مَالًا, (A,) [God increased to him, or added to him, good fortune or prosperity or the like, or property; increased, or added to, his good fortune, &c.; or may God increase &c.;] as also ↓ زَيَّدَهُ: (K:) and زَادَ فِيمَا عِنْدَهُ, (S,) or فِى مَالِهِ, (A,) [He increased, or added to, what he possessed or his possessions, or his property; or may He (i. e. God) increase &c.] b2: زَادَهُ also signifies He gave him an increase, or an addition, or more. (Msb.) See 10. b3: You say also, مَا يَزِيدُكَ أَحَدٌ عَلَيْهِ [No one is more sufficient for thee than he]. (K in art. زند. [See 4 in that art.]) And لَا يَزِيدُكَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَلٌ No camel will be more sufficient for thee than he; i. q. لَا يَضُرُّكَ. (ISk, S in art. ضر [in which see other exs.].) 2 زيّد, [inf. n. تَزْيِيدٌ,] said of property, It increased, or augmented, much. (A.) A2: See also 1, latter part.3 زايد أَحَدُ المُتَبَايِعَيْنِ الآخَرَ, inf. n. مُزَايَدَةٌ, [One of the two persons buying together outbade the other: see also 6.] (A.) 5 تزيّد It (a price, S, A) was, or became, excessive, or dear; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تزايد. (A, TA.) b2: He added, or exaggerated, (MA,) or lied, (S, MA, K,) in narration, or discourse. (S, MA. [See also 1, latter half.]) And He affected to exceed the due bounds in his narration, or discourse, and his speech; (TA;) he affected excess in speech, &c.; (K, TA;) i. e. in speech and in action; (TA;) as also ↓ تزايد: (K:) or التَّزَيُّدُ فِى الحَدِيثِ means the embellishing narration, or discourse, with lies, and adding in it what does not belong to it. (Har p. 195.) In the verse of 'Adee cited in art. زند, the last word is تَزَيَّدِ as some relate it, or تَزَنَّدِ as others relate it. (TA.) b3: He went a pace exceeding that termed العَنَق. (S, K. [See also ذَمَلَ, and نَصَبَ السَّيْرَ, and وَسَجَ.]) And تزيّدت She (A camel) stretched forth her neck, and went a pace exceeding that termed العَنَق, as though she were swimming with her rider?? (A, TA:) and in like manner one says of a mare, or horse. (TA.) And تزيّدت الإِبِلُ فِى سَيْرِهَا The camels tasked themselves in their pace beyond their ability. (TA.) 6 تزايد [It increased, augmented, or grew, gradually; contr. of تَنَاقَصَ]. See also 1. and see 5, in two places. تزايدوا عَلَى السِّلْعَةِ [They bade, one against another, for the commodity, or article of merchandise, successively raising the price]: said of the people of a market when a commodity is sold to him who bids more than others. (L.) And تزايدوا فِى الثَّمَنِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مُنْتَهَاهُ [They augmented the price, one outbidding another, until it attained its utmost]. (A, TA.) 8 اِزْدَادَ [originally اِزْتَادَ]: see 1, in four places. b2: Also He took an addition. (Msb.) See, again, 1. b3: Also He took in addition: so in the saying, إِذَا ازْدَادَ الرَّاهِنُ دَرَاهِمَ مِنَ المُرْتَهِنِ [When the pledger takes money in addition from the receiver of the pledge]. (Mgh.) One says also, اِزْدَدْ مِنَ الخَيْرِ [Obtain thou, or gain thou, somewhat in addition of what is good: or it may mean seek thou, or desire thou, an increase, or addition, of what is good]. (A.) See what next follows, in two places.

10. استزاد He sought, or desired, or demanded, an increase, an addition, or more; (A, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ اِزْدَادَ; whence the saying, to a man to whom a thing has been given, ↓ هَلْ تَزْدَادُ Dost thou seek, or desire, or demand, more than what I have given thee? (L.) b4: [Hence,] هُوَ يَسْتَزِيدُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [He seeks, or desires, to add, or exaggerate, or to exceed the due bounds, or to embellish with lies and additions, in his narration, or discourse]. (A, TA. [See also 5.]) b5: استزادهُ He sought, or desired, or demanded, of him an increase, an addition, or more. (Msb, K.) Yousay, ↓ لَوِ اسْتَزَدْتُهُ لَزَادَنِى If I had sought, or desired, or demanded, an increase, &c., he had given me an increase, &c. (Msb.) b6: [And hence,] (tropical:) He reckoned him, or held him, to have fallen short of doing what he ought to have done, (S, A, K, TA,) and complained of him, (A, TA,) or reproved him, for a thing that he did not approve. (TA.) And كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ كِتَابَ اسْتِزَادَةٍ (tropical:) [He wrote to him a letter of complaint, or reproof, for his having fallen short, &c.; requiring him to do more]. (A.) زَيْدٌ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, Mgh, Msb.) b2: [Hence,] هُمْ زَيْدٌ عَلَى مِائَةٍ (S, A, L) and ↓ زِيدٌ (S, L) and ↓ زِياَدَةٌ (A) (tropical:) [They are more than a hundred].

زِيدٌ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, * K, * TK.) b2: See the next preceding paragraph.

زِيَادَةٌ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, Msb.) Using it as an inf. n., (Msb,) you say, اِفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ زِيَادَةً [meaning Do thou that in addition]: (S, Msb:) the vulgar say ↓ زَائِدَةً, (S,) which one should not say. (Msb.) [Hence also,] حُرُوفُ الزِّيَادَةِ [The letters of augmentation; or the augmentative letters; i. e. the letters that are added to the radical letters in Arabic words]: they are ten, and are comprised in the saying, سَأَلْتُمُونِيهَا [“ Ye asked me for them ”], (TA,) and in أَلْيَوْمَ تَنْسَاهُ [“ Today thou wilt forget it ”]; (K, TA;) and more than a hundred and thirty other combinations comprising them have been mentioned: (MF:) [these letters are also called زَوَائِدُ, of which the sing. is ↓ زَائِدَةٌ.] See also زَيْدٌ. b2: [As a simple subst., or a subst. properly so termed, it signifies An increase, or increment; and augmentation, or augment; an addition, additament, adjunct, or accessory: an accession: excess, redundance, or superfluity: and a redundant part or portion or appertenance; a surplus; a residue: an excrescence: pl. زِيَادَاتٌ and زَيائِدُ. b3: Hence,] إِبِلٌ كَثِيرَةُ الزَّيَائِدِ i.e. الزِّيَادَات [Camels having much increase; lit., much, or many, increases]. (K.) A poet says, بِهَجْمَةٍ تَمْلَأُ عَيْنَ الحَاسِدِ ذَاتِ سُرُوحٍ جَمَّةِ الزَّيَائِدِ [With a herd of forty or more camels, that fill, or glut, the eye of the envier, enjoying pasturing by themselves, having much increase]: some say, [in citing this verse,] الزَّوَائِدِ, which is pl. of ↓ زَائِدَةٌ; but الزوائد is said only in relation to the legs of a beast. (L.) b4: [Hence also,] زِيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ, (so in a copy of the S, and in the A and L, and in several places in the K,) or الكَبِدِ ↓ زَائِدَةُ, (so termed by Zj, and so in the T, and in two copies of the S, and in the L,) both of which are correct, (TA,) [The redundant appertenance of the liver;] a certain small piece to which the liver is attached, or suspended: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) or a certain small appertenance of the liver (هُنَيَّةٌ مِنْهَا صَغِيرَةٌ), at its side, going away from it (مُتَنَحِّيَةٌ عَنْهَا): (S, L:) or a certain piece appended, or attached, to the liver (مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِهَا): (A:) or a certain appendage of the liver; [so I render هَنَةٌ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ مِنْهَا, agreeably with the next preceding explanation; though it may be rendered a thing suspended from it, i.e. from the liver; or the right reading may be هنة متعلّقة بِهَا, which is virtually the same as the explanation in the A, and agreeable with what here follows: so called] because it is a redundance (تَزِيدُ) upon its upper surface: (L:) [all of these explanations seem to denote the round ligament of the liver: the Hebrew יֹחֶרֶח הַכּבֵד, in Ex. xxix. 22, literally signifies the same; like the slightly-varying appellations in Ex. xxix. 13 and Lev. iii. 4, and Lev. ix. 10: but the real meaning thereof is much disputed: the rendering of the LXX. is lobos tou* h>/patos; which is said to mean extrema pars hepatis: that of the Vulg., reticulum hepatis: that of our authorized Engl. Vers., the caul above the liver; (with this marginal note: “ it seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew Doctors, to be the midriff: ”) and it is remarkable that this is one of the meanings assigned to الخِلْبُ, which some hold to be syn. with زَيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ: (see خِلْبٌ:) Bochart (in his Hieroz. t. i., p. 498, seq.,) and Gesenius (in his Lex.) explain the Hebrew term as meaning the greater lobe of the liver: but this is hard to reconcile with the Hebrew or the Arabic; and utterly irreconcileable with the explanations given by the Arabs; among whom, it should be observed, were many of the Jewish religion, who cannot reasonably be supposed to have not known the correct meaning of a term relating to their sacrifices:] the pl. of زيادة is زَيَائِدُ, (L,) and that of ↓ زائدة is زَوَائِدُ. (S, L.) Hence the saying, الوَلَدُ كَبِدُ ذِى الوَلَدِ وَوَلَدُ الوَلَدِ زِيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ [The child is as the liver of the parent, and the grandchild is as the redundant appertenance of the liver]. (A, TA.) زَائِدٌ act. part. n. of زَادَ, (Msb,) [Increasing, augmenting, or growing. b2: Exceeding; in excess; redundant; superfluous; remaining over and above: excrescent: additional; in addition; adscititious.] You say, أَخَذْتُهُ بِدِرْهَمٍ فَزَائِدًا [I took it, i. e. bought it, for a dirhem and more]. (A.) [See also the next paragraph.]

زَائِدَةٌ [fem. of زَائِدٌ: and also a subst.; being transferred from the category of epithets to that of substs. by the affix ة: pl. زَوَائِدُ]: see زِيَادَةٌ, in five places. b2: [Hence,] الزَّوَائِدُ [Certain excrescences, or pendent hairs, termed] زَمَعَات, in the hinder part of the kind leg or foot. (K. [In the explanations there given, I read الرِّجْل, as in one copy, instead of الرَّحْل. It has been stated above, voce زِيَادَةٌ, on the authority of the L, that الزَّوَائِد is said only in relation to the legs of a beast.]) b3: [But] ذُو الزَّوَائِدِ means The lion: (S, K:) by the زوائد being mean this claws and his canine teeth and his roaring and his impetuosity. (S.) b4: زَائِدَةُ السَّاقِ The shin-bone. (L.) زَوَائِدِىٌّ a rel. n. from زَوَائِدُ pl. of زَائِدَةٌ; and used, app., as meaning Having something redundant; for] Sa'eed Ibn-'Othmán was surnamed الزَّوَائِدِىُّ because he had three بَيْضَات: so they assert. (S.) بُرُودٌ تَزِيدِيَّةٌ, (S, K,) and تَزِيدِيَّاتٌ [alone], (S,) [Garments of the kind termed] بُرُود having in them red stripes, (S, K,) to which streaks of blood are likened: (S:) so called in relation to تَزِيد the son of حُلْوَان, the father of a tribe: (S, K:) or, as some say, تَزِيد the son of حَيْدَان: (MF:) or from تَزِيد, a city, or town, of ElYemen, in which such برود were woven: (TA:) or, accord. to some, J and F are in error; and the truth is, that there were some merchants in Mekkeh, called بَنُو يَزِيدٍ, thus with ى and in relation to them certain [camel-vehicles for women of the kind called] هَوَادِج were termed ↓ يَزِيدِيَّةٌ. (MF.) مَزَادٌ: see مَزَادَةٌ, in two places.

مَزِيدٌ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (S, K.) You say, لَا مَزِيدَ عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتَ and ↓ لَا مُسْتَزَادَ, (A, Msb,) both meaning the same [i.e. There is no exceeding what thou hast done: or rather the latter means there is no desire for more than thou hast done, or there is no one of whom is desired more than thou hast done; for ↓ مُسْتَزَاد may be here an inf. n., and it may be a pass. part. n.]. (Msb.) A2: [It is also the pass. part. n. of زَادَ, signifying Increased, or augmented; as also مَزِيدٌ فِيهِ.]

مَزَادَةٌ [A leathern water-bag, one of a pair which is borne by a camel or other beast;] the half (شَطْر) of a رَاوِيَة: (Msb in art. زود:) [a water-bag of this kind is represented in a sketch of “ Sakkàs ” in my work on the Modern Egyptians:] it has two loops, and two kidney-shaped pieces of leather (كُلْيَتَانِ), the former of which are sewed to the latter: (TA voce خُرْبَةٌ:) the رَاوِيَة consists of two mezádehs (مَزَادَتَانِ), which are bound upon the two sides of the camel with the [cord called] رِوَآء: the pl. is مَزَايِدُ [often written مَزَائِدُ]; and sometimes the Arabs elided the ة, saying ↓ مَزَادٌ: (T, TA:) [both of these forms are mentioned in the S and K as pls.:] and ↓ مَزَادٌ without ة, is [also] applied to the single one (فَرْدَة [meaning the single water-skin]) which the rider attaches behind his camel's saddle, having no عَزْلَآء, [or spout (which is closed by means of a thong tied round it) at one of the lower extremities for pouring out the water; thus] differing from the مَزَادَة: (T, TA:) or the مزادة is a رَاوِيَة, [app. accord. to some who applied this latter term to a single water-bag,] (S, A, K,) or only (K) such as is composed of two skins with a third inserted between them to widen it: (A 'Obeyd, S, M, A, K:) and so are the سَطِيحَة and the شَعِيب: (A 'Obeyd, S:) or the سَطيحة is made of two skins put face to face; and the مزادة is of two skins and a half, or of three skins: (ISh, TA:) or it is [a water-bag] joined (مَشْعُربَة) at one side; if consisting of two faces (ان خرجت من وجهين [i. e. of two pieces of skin whereof each forms one face or side]) it is called a شَعِيب: or it is like a راوية having no عَزْلَآء [expl. above]: AM and the author of the Msb and some others assert that its medial radical letter is و, and that it is from الزَّوْدُ, (TA,) being so called because one furnishes himself with water in it for travellingprovision: (Msb in art. زود:) but this is a mistake: (TA:) it is thus called because it is enlarged by the addition of a third skin: (AO, El-Khafájee, TA:) [Fei says that] accord. to analogy it should be مِزَادَةٌ. (Msb in art. زود.) مُسْتَزَادٌ: see مَزِيدٌ, in two places.

يَزِيدِيَّةٌ, applied to هَوَادِج: see تَزِيدِيَّةٌ.

ام

1 أَمَّهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (T, M, Msb,) inf. n. أَمٌّ, (T, S, M, Msb,) He tended, repaired, betook himself, or directed his course, to, or towards, him, or it; aimed at, sought, endeavoured after, pursued, or endeavoured to reach or attain or obtain, him, or it; intended it, or purposed it; syn. قَصَدَهُ, (Lth, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and تَوَخَّاهُ, (T,) and تَعَمَّدَهُ, (Mgh,) and تَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ; (TA;) as also ↓ أَمَّمَهُ, and ↓ تأمّمهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ ائتمّهُ, (M, K,) and ↓ يَمَّمّهُ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ تَيَمَّمَهُ; (T, M, Mgh, K;) the last two being formed by substitution [of ى for أ]. (M.) Hence, يَااَللّٰهُ أُمَّنَا بِخَيْرٍ [O God, bring us good]. (JK in art. اله, and Bd in iii. 25.) and لَأَمَّ مَا هُوَ, occurring in a trad., meaning He has indeed betaken himself to, or pursued, the right way: or it is used in a pass. sense, as meaning he is in the way which ought to be pursued. (TA.) And رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ ↓ انْطَلَقْتُ أَتَأَمَّمُ, in another trad., I went away, betaking myself to the Apostle of God. (TA.) Hence, also, تَيَمَّمَ ↓ الصَّعِيدَ لِلصَّلَاهِ [He betook himself to dust, or pure dust, to wipe his face and his hands and arms therewith, for prayer]: (T, * M, * Mgh, TA:) as in the Kur iv. 46 and v. 9: (ISk, M, TA:) whence الَّتَّيَمُّمُ as meaning the wiping the face and the hands and arms with dust; (ISk, T, * M, * Mgh, TA;) i. e. the performing the act termed تَوَضُّؤٌ with dust: formed by substitution [of ى for آ]: (M, K:) originally التَّأَمُّمُ. (K.) b2: See also 8.

A2: أَمَّهُ, (S, M, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, Mgh,) inf. n. أَمٌّ, (M, Mgh, K,) He broke his head, so as to cleave the skin, (S, Msb,) inflicting a wound such as is termed آمَّة [q. v.]; (S;) [i. e.] he struck, (M, Mgh, K,) or wounded, (M, K,) the أُمّ [q. v.] of his head, (M, Mgh, K,) with a staff, or stick. (Mgh.) A3: أَمَّهُمْ (S, M, K) and أَمَّ بِهِمْ, (M, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. إِمَامَةٌ, (S, [but in the M and K it seems to be indicated that this is a simple subst.,]) He preceded them; went before them; took precedence of them; or led them, so as to serve as an example, or object of imitation; syn. تَقَدَّمَهُمْ; (M, K;) [and particularly] فِى الصَّلَاةِ [in prayer]. (S.) And أَمَّهُ and بِهِ أَمَّ He prayed as إِمَام [q. v.] with him. (Msb.) And أَمَّ الصُّفُوفَ He became [or acted as] إِمَام to the people composing the ranks [in a mosque &c.]. (Har p. 680.) You say also, لَا يَؤُمُّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِى سُلْطَانِهِ [A man shall not take precedence of a man in his authority]; meaning, in his house, and where he has predominance, or superior power, or authority; nor shall he sit upon his cushion; for in doing so he would show him contempt. (Mgh in art. سلط.) A2: أَمَّتٌ, (S, M, K,) [first Pers\. أَمُمْتُ,] aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. أُمُومَةٌ, (M, K,) She (a woman, S) became a mother; (S, M, K;) [as also أَمَّتٌ having for its first Pers\. أَمِمْتُ, aor. ـَ for] you say, مَا كُنْتِ أُمَّا وَلَقَدْ أَمِمْتِ [Thou wast not a mother, and thou hast become a mother], (S, M, K, [in the last فَأَمِمْتِ,]) with kesr, (K,) inf. n. أُمُومَةٌ. (S, M, K.) b2: أَمَمْتُهُ I was to him a mother. (A in art. ربض.) IAar, speaking of a woman, said, كَانَتْ لَهَا عَمَّةٌ تَؤُمُّهَا, meaning [She had, lit. there was to her, a paternal aunt] who was to her like the mother. (M.) 2 أَمَّمَهُ and يَمَّمَهُ: see 1, first sentence, in two places.3 آمّهُ It agreed with it, neither exceeding nor falling short. (M.) b2: [See also the part. n. مُؤَامٌّ, voce أَمَمٌ; whence it seems that there are other senses in which آمَّ may be used, intransitively.]5 تَأَمَّمَ and تَيَمَّمَ: see 1, former part, in four places.

A2: تأمّم بِهِ: see 8.

A3: تَمَّمْتُ I took for myself, or adopted, a mother. (S.) And تَأَمَّمَهَا He took her for himself, or adopted her, as a mother; (S, * M, K;) as also ↓ استآمّها, (M, K,) and تَأَمَّهَهَا. (M.) 8 ائتمّهُ [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَّهُ]: see 1, first sentence.

A2: ائتمّ بِهِ He followed his example; he imitated him; he did as he did, following his example; or taking him as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ أَمَّهُ: (Bd in xvi. 121:) the object of the verb is termed إِمَامٌ; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to a learned man, (Msb,) or a head, chief, or leader, or some other person. (M, K.) He made it an أُمَّة or إِمَّة [i. e. a way, course, or rule, of life or conduct; as explained immediately before in the work whence this is taken]; as also به ↓ تأمّم. (M.) You say, ائتمّ بِالشَّيْءِ and ائْتَمَى به, by substitution [of ى for م], (M, K,) disapproving of the doubling [of the م]. (M.) 10 إِسْتَاْمَ3َ see 5.

أَمْ is a conjunction, (S, M, K,) connected with what precedes it (Msb, Mughnee) so that neither what precedes it nor what follows it is independent, the one of the other. (Mughnee.) It denotes interrogation; (M, K;) or is used in a case of interrogation, (S, Msb,) corresponding to the interrogative أَ, and meaning أَىّ, (S,) or, as Z says, أَىُّ الأَمْرَيْنِ كَائِنٌ; [for an explanation of which, see what follows;] (Mughnee;) or, [in other words,] corresponding to the interrogative أَ, whereby, and by أَمْ, one seeks, or desires, particularization: (Mughnee:) it is as though it were an interrogative after an interrogative. (Lth, T.) Thus you say, أَزَيُدٌ فِى الدَّارِ أَمْ عَمْرٌو [Is Zeyd in the house, or 'Amr?]; (S, Mughnee;) i. e. which of them two (أَيُّهُمَا) is in the house? (S;) therefore what follows ام and what precedes it compose one sentence; and it is not used in commanding nor in forbidding; and what follows it must correspond to what precedes it in the quality of noun and of verb; so that you say, أَزَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ أَمع قَاعِدٌ [Is Zeyd standing, or sitting?] and أَقَامَ زَيْدٌ أَمْ قَعَدَ [Did Zeyd stand, or sit?]. (Msb.) It is not to be coupled with أَ after it: you may not say, أَعِنْدَكَ زَيْدٌ أَمْ أَعِنْدَكَ عَمْرٌو. (S.) b2: As connected in like manner with what goes before, it is preceded by أَ denoting equality [by occurring after سَوَآءٌ &c.], and corresponds thereto, as in [the Kur lxiii. 6,] سَوَآءُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمٌ لَمٌ تَسْتَغُفِرْ لَهُمٌ [It will be equal to them whether thou beg forgiveness for them or do not beg forgiveness for them]. (Mughnee.) b3: It is also unconnected with what precedes it, (S, Msb, Mughnee,) implying always digression, (Mughnee,) preceded by an enunciative, or an interrogative, (S, Msb, Mughnee,) other than أَ, (Mughnee,) or by أَ not meant [really] as an interrogative but to denote disapproval, (Mughnee,) and signifies بَلْ, (Lth, Zj, T, S, M, Mughnee, K,) or بَلْ and أَ together, (Msb,) and this is its meaning always accord. to all the Basrees, but the Koofees deny this. (Mughnee.) Thus, using it after an enunciative, you say, إِنَّهَا لَإِبِلٌ أَمْ شَآءٌ [Verily they are camels: nay, or nay but, they are sheep, or goats: or nay, are they sheep, or goats?]: (S Msb, Mughnee:) this being said when one looks at a bodily form, and imagines it to be a number of camels, and says what first occurs to him; then the opinion that it is a number of sheep or goats suggests itself to him, and he turns from the first idea, and says, أَمْ شَآءٌ, meaning بَلْ, because it is a digression from what precedes it; though what follows بل is [properly] a thing known certainly, and what follows ام is opined. (S, TA.) And using it after an interrogative in this case, you say, هَلْ زيْدٌ مُنْطَلِقٌ أَمْ عَمْرٌو [Is Zeyd going away? Nay rather, or, or rather, is 'Amr?]: you digress from the question respecting Zeyd's going away, and make the question to relate to 'Amr; so that ام implies indecisive opinion, and interrogation, and digression. (S.) And thus using it, you say, هَلْ زَيْدٌ قَامَ أَمْ عَمْرٌو [Did Zeyd stand? Nay rather, or or rather, did 'Amr?]. (Msb.) And an ex. of the same is the saying [in the Kur xiii. 17], هَلْ يَسْتَوِى الْأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ أَمْ هَلْ تَسْتَوِى الظُّلُمَاتُ وَالنُّورُ [Are the blind and the seeing equal? Or rather are darkness and light equal?]. (Mughnee.) And an ex. of it preceded by أَ used to denote disapproval is the saying [in the Kur vii. 194], أَلَهُمْ أَرْجُلٌ يَمْشُونَ بِهَا أَمْ لَهُمْ أَيْدٍ يَبْطِشُونَ بِهَا [Have they feet, to walk therewith? Or have they hands to assault therewith?]: for أَ is here equivalent to a negation. (Mughnee.) [It has been shown above that] أَمْ is sometimes introduced immediately before هَلْ: (S, K:) but IB says that this is when هل occurs in a phrase next before it; [as in the ex. from the Kur xiii. 17, cited above;] and in this case, the interrogative meaning of ام is annulled; it being introduced only to denote a digression. (TA.) b4: It is also used as a simple interrogative; accord. to the assertion of AO; in the sense of هَلْ; (Mughnee;) or in the sense of the interrogative أَ; (Lth, T, K) as in the saying, أَمْ عِنْدَكَ غَدَآءِ حَاضِرٌ, meaning Hast thou a morning-meal ready? a good form of speech used by the Arabs; (Lth, T;) and allowable when preceded by another phrase. (T.) b5: And sometimes it is redundant; (Az, T, S, Mughnee, K) in the dial. of the people of El-Yemen; (T;) as in the saying, يَا دَهْنَ أَمْ مَا كَانَ مَشْيِى رقَصَا بَلْ قَدْ تَكُونُ مِشْيَتِى تَوَقُّصَا (T, S, * [in the latter, يا هِنْدُ, and only the former hemistich is given,]) meaning O Dahnà, (the curtailed form دَهْنَ being used for دَهْنَآء,) my walking was not, as now in my age, [a feeble movement like] dancing: but in my youth, my manner of walking used to be a bounding: (T:) this is accord. to the opinion of Az: but accord. to another opinion, ام is here [virtually] conjoined with a preceding clause which is suppressed; as though the speaker had said, يَا دَهْنَ أَكَانَ مَشْيِى رَقَصَّا أَمْ مَا كَانَ كَذلِكَ. (A 'Hát, TA.) A2: It is also used (T, Mughnee) in the dial. of the people of El-Yemen, (T,) or of Teiyi and Himyer, (Mughnee,) in the sense of ال, (T,) to render a noun determinate. (Mughnee.) So in the trad., لَيْسَ مِنَ امْبِرّ امْصِيامُ فِى امْسَفَرِ, (T, Mughnee,) i. e. الَيْسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصِّيَامُ فِى السَّفَرِ [Fasting in journeying is not an act of obedience to God]. (T, and M in art. بر.) So too in the trad., اَلْآنَ طَابَ امْضَرْبُ Now fighting has become lawful; as related accord. to the dial. of Himyer, for الضَّرْبُ. (TA in art. طيب.) It has been said that this form ام is only used in those cases in which the ل of the article does not become incorporated into the first letter of the noun to which it is prefixed; as in the phrase, خُذِ الرُّمْحَ وَارْكَبِ امْفَرَسَ [Take thou the spear, and mount the mare, or horse], related as heard in El-Yemen; but this usage may be peculiar to some of the people of that country; not common to all of them; as appears from what we have cited above. (Mughnee.) A3: أَمَ for أَمَا, before an oath: see art. اما.

A4: And أَمَ اللّٰهِ and أَمُ اللّٰهِ &c.: see أَيْمُنُ اللّٰهِ, in art. يمن.

أُمٌّ A mother (T, S, M, Msb, K, &c.) [of a human being and] of any animal; (IAar, T;) as also ↓إِمٌّ, (Sb, M, Msb, K) and ↓إُمَّةٌ, (T, M, Msb, K,) and ↓أُمَّهَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) which last is the original form (S, Msb) accord. to some, (Msb,) or the ه in this is augmentative (M, Msb) accord. to others: (Msb:) the pl. is أُمَّهَاتٌ (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, K) and أُمَّاتٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) or the former is applied to human beings, and the latter to beasts; (T, S;) or the former to rational beings, and the latter to irrational; (M, K;) or the former is much applied to human beings, and the latter to others, for the sake of distinction; (Msb;) but the reverse is sometimes the case: (IB:) IDrst and others hold the latter to be of weak authority: (TA:) the dim. of أُمٌّ is ↓ أُمَيْمَةٌ (T, S, K) accord. to some of the Arabs; but correctly, [accord. to those who hold the original form of أُمٌّ to be أُمَّهَةٌ,] it is ↓ أُمَيْمِهَةٌ. (Lth, T, TA. [In a copy of the T, I find this latter form of the dim. written اميهة.]) b2: أُمَّ لَكَ denotes dispraise; (S;) being used by the Arabs as meaning Thou hast no free, or ingenuous, mother; because the sons of female slaves are objects of dispraise with the Arabs; and is only said in anger and reviling: (A Heyth, T:) or, as some say, it means thou art one who has been picked up as a foundling, having no Known mother: (TA:) [or] it is also sometimes used in praise; (A 'Obeyd, T, S, K;) and is used as an imprecation without the desire of its being fulfilled upon the person addressed, being said in vehemence of love; [lit. meaning mayest thou have no mother!], like ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ, and لَا أَبَا لَكَ, [and قَاتَلَكَ اللّٰهُ,] &c. (Har p. 165.) b3: Some elide the ا of أُمّ; as in the saying of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd.

أَيُّهَا العَائِبُ عِنْدِمَّ زَيْدٍ

[O thou who art blaming in my presence the mother of Zeyd]; meaning, عِنْدِى أُمَّ زَيْدٍ; the ى of عندى being also elided on account of the occurrence of two quiescent letters [after the elision of the ا of أُمّ]: (Lth, T, S:) and as in the phrase وَيْلُمِّهِ, (S,) which means وَيْلٌ لِأُمِّهِ. (S, and K in art. ويل, q. v.) b4: هُمَا أُمَّاكّ means They two are thy two parents: or thy mother and thy maternal aunt. (K.) [But] فَدَّاهُ بِأُمَّيْهِ is said to mean [He expressed a wish that he (another) might be ransomed with] his mother and his grandmother. (TA.) b5: One says also, لَا تَفْعَلِى ↓ يَا أُمَّتِ [O my mother, do not thou such a thing], and [in like manner] يَا أَبَتِ افْعَلْ; making the sign of the fem. gender a substitute for the [pronominal] affix ى; and in a case of pause, you say يَا أُمَّهْ. (S.) b6: And one says, مَا أُمِّى وَأُمُّهُ, and مَا شَكْلِى وَشَكْلُهُ, meaning [What relationship have I to him, or it? or what concern have I with him, or it? or] what is my case and [what is] his or its, case? because of his, or its, remoteness from me: whence, (T,) وَمَا أُمِّى وَأُمُّ الوَحْشِ لَمَّا تَفَرَّعَ فِى مَفَارِقِىَ الْمَشِيبُ [And what concern have I with the wild animals when hoariness hath spread in the places where my hair parts?]; (T, S;) i. e. مَا أَنَاوَطَلَبُ الوَحْشِ بَعْدَ مَا كَبِرْتُ [i. e. مَا أمْرِي وَطَلَبُ الوَحْشِ: in one copy of the S, وَطَلَبَ, i. e. with وَ as a prep. denoting concomitance, and therefore governing the accus. case: both readings virtually meaning what concern have I with the pursuing of the wild animals after I have grown old?]: he means, the girls: and the mention of أُمّ in the verse is superfluous. (S.) b7: أُمٌّ also relates to inanimate things that have growth; as in أُمُّ الشَّجَرَةِ [The mother of the tree]; and أُمُّ النَّخْلَةِ [the mother of the palm-tree]; and أُمُّ المَوْزِةَ [the mother of the banana-tree; of which see an ex. in art. موز]; and the like. (M, TA.) b8: and it signifies also The source, origin, foundation, or basis, (S, M, Msb, K,) of a thing, (S, Msb, [in the former of which, this is the first of the meanings assigned to the word,]) or of anything; (M, K) its stay, support, or efficient cause of subsistence. (M, K.) b9: Anything to which other things are collected together, or adjoined: (IDrd, M, K:) anything to which the other things that are next thereto are collected together, or adjoined: (Lth, T:) the main, or chief, part of a thing; the main body thereof: and that which is a compriser, or comprehender, of [other] things: (Ham p. 44:) the place of collection, comprisal, or comprehension, of a thing; the place of combination thereof. (En-Nadr, T.) b10: And hence, (IDrd, M,) The head, or chief, of a people, or company of men; (IDrd, S, M, K;) because others collect themselves together to him: (IDrd, TA:) so in the phrase أُمُّ عِيَالٍ [lit. the mother of a household], in a poem of Esh-Shenfarà: (IDrd, M:) or in this instance, it has the signification next following, accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee. (T.) b11: A man who has the charge of the food and service of a people, or company of men; accord. to EshSháfi'ee: (T:) or their servant. (K.) b12: A man's aged wife. (IAar, T, K.) b13: A place of habitation or abode. (K.) So in the Kur [ci. 6], فَأُمُّهُ هَاوِيَةٌ His place of habitation or abode [shall be] the fire [of Hell]: (Bd, Jel, TA:) or, as some say, the meaning is أُمُّ رَأْسِهِ هَاوِيَةٌ فِيهَا [his brain shall fall into it, namely, the fire of Hell]. (TA.) b14: The ensign, or standard, which an army follows. (S.) [See أُمُّ الرُّمْحِ, below.] b15: It is said in a trad., respecting the prophets, أُمَّهَا تُهُمْ شَتَّى, meaning that, though their religion is one, their laws, or ordinances, or statutes, are various, or different: or the meaning is, their times are various, or different. (TA in art. شت.) b16: See also أُمَّةٌ, in two places. b17: أُمّ is also prefixed to nouns significant of many things. (M.) [Most of the compounds thus formed will be found explained in the arts. to which belong the nouns that occupy the second place. The following are among the more common, and are therefore here mentioned, with the meanings assigned to them in lexicons in the present art., and arranged in distinct classes.] b18: أُمُّ الرَّجُلِ The man's wife; and the person who manages the affairs of his house or tent. (TA.) And أُمُّ مَثْوَى الرَّجُلِ The man's wife, to whom he betakes himself for lodging, or abode: (T:) the mistress of the man's place of abode. (S, M.) b19: أُمُّ عَامِرٍ The hyena, or female hyena; as also أُمُّ عَمْرٍو; (TA;) and أُمُّ الطَّرِيقِ. (S, TA. [See also other significations of the first and last below.]) أُمُّ حِلْسٍ [or أُمُّ الحِلْسِ (as in the S and K in art. حلَس)] The she-ass. (TA.) أُمُّ البَيْضِ The female ostrich. (S, K.) b20: أُمُّ الرَّأُسِ The brain: (T, M, K:) or the thin skin that is upon it: (IDrd, M, K:) or the bag in which is the brain: (T:) or the skin that comprises the brain; [the meninx, or dura mater and pia mater;] (S, Mgh;) which is called أُمُّ الدِّمَاغِ (S, Msb) likewise. (S.) b21: أُمُّ النُّجُومِ The Milky way; (S, M, K) because it is the place where the stars are collected together [in great multitude]: (M:) or, as some say, the sun; which is the greatest of the stars. (Ham pp. 43 and 44.) Because of the multitude of the stars in the Milky way, one says, مَا أَشْبَهَ مَجْلِسَكَ بِأُمِّ النُّجُومِ (assumed tropical:) [How like is thine assembly to the Milky way!]. (TA.) b22: أُمُّ القُرَى [The mother of the towns; the metropolis: particularly] Mekkeh; (T, S, M, K) because asserted to be in the middle of the earth; (M, K;) or because it is the Kibleh of all men, and thither they repair; (M, K; *) or because it is the greatest of towns in dignity: (M, K:) and every city is the أُمّ of the towns around it. (T.) أُمُّ التَّنَائِفِ The most difficult of deserts or of waterless deserts: (T:) or a desert, or waterless desert, (S, K,) far extending. (S.) أُمُّ الطَّرِيقِ (T, S, M) and أُمَّةٌ ↓ الطَّرِيقِ (M, K) The main part [or track] of the road: (T, S, M, K:) when it is a great road or track, with small roads or tracks around it [or on either side], the greatest is so called. (T. [The former has also another signification, mentioned above.]) أُمُّ عَامِرٍ The cemetery, or place of graves. (T. [This, also, has another signification, mentioned before.]) أُمُّ الرُّمْحِ The ensign, or standard; (M, K;) also called أُمُّ الحَرْبِ; (TA;) [and simply الأُمُّ, as shown above;] and the piece of cloth which is wound upon the spear. (T, M. *) أُمُّ جَابِرٍ Bread: and also the ear of corn. (T.) أُمُّ الخَبَائِثِ [The mother of evil qualities or dispositions; i. e.] wine. (T.) أُمُّ الكِتَابِ [in the Kur iii. 5 and xiii. 39] (S, M, &c.) The original of the book or scripture [i. e. of the Kur-án]: (Zj, M, K:) or the Preserved Tablet, اللَّوْحُ المَحْفُوظُ: (M, Msb, K:) or it signifies, (M, K,) or signifies also, (Msb,) the opening chapter of the Kur-án; the فَاتِحَة; (M, Msb, K;) because every prayer begins therewith; (M;) as also أُمُّ القُرْآنِ: (Msb, K:) or the former, the whole of the Kur-án, (I'Ab, K,) from its beginning to its end: (TA:) and the latter, every plain, or explicit, verse of the Kur-án, of those which relate to laws and statutes and obligatory ordinances. (T, K.) أُمُّ الشَّرِّ Every evil upon the face of the earth: and أُمُّ الخَيْرِ every good upon the face of the earth. (T.) إِمُّ: see أُمٌّ, first sentence.

أَمَّةٌ: see آمَّةٌ.

أُمَّةٌ A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, or the like; (Az, S;) as also ↓ إِمَّةٌ: (Az, S, K:) Fr assigns this meaning to the latter, and that next following to the former: (T:) a way, course, or rule, of life, or conduct; (Fr, T, M, K;) as also ↓ إِمَّةٌ. (M, K.) b2: Religion; as also ↓ إِمَّةٌ: (Az, S, M, K: [one of the words by which this meaning is expressed in the M and K is شِرْعَة; for which Golius found in the K سرعة:]) one course, which people follow, in religion. (T.) You say, فُلَانٌ لَا أُمَّةَ لَهُ Such a one has no religion; no religious persuasion. (S.) And a poet says, وَهَلْ يَسْتَوِى ذُو أُمَّةٍ وَكَفُورُ [And are one who has religion and one who is an infidel equal?]. (S.) b3: Obedience [app. to God]. (T, M, K.) A2: The people of a [particular] religion: (Akh, S:) a people to whom an apostle is sent, (M, K,) unbelievers and believers; such being called his أُمَّة: (M:) any people called after a prophet are said to be his أُمَّة: (Lth, T:) the followers of the prophet: pl. أُمَمٌ. (T, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 209], كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةٍ واحِدَةً, meaning Mankind was [a people] of one religion. (Zj, T, TA.) b2: A nation; a people; a race; a tribe, distinct body, or family; (Lth, T, M, K;) of mankind; (Lth, T;) or of any living beings; as also ↓ أُمٌّ: (M, K:) a collective body [of men or other living beings]; (T, S;) a sing. word with a pl. meaning: (Akh, S:) a kind, genus, or generical class, (T, S, M, K,) by itself, (T,) of any animals, or living beings, (T, S, M, TA,) others than the sons of Adam, (T,) as of dogs, (T, S, M,) and of other beasts, and of birds; (T, M, * TA;) as also ↓ أُمٌّ; (M, K;) pl. of the former أُمَمٌ; (S, M;) which occurs in a trad. as relating to dogs; (S;) and in the Kur vi. 38, as relating to beasts and birds. (T, M, * TA.) b3: A man's people, community, tribe, kinsfolk, or party; (M, K, TA;) his company. (TA.) b4: A generation of men; or people of one time: pl. أُمَمٌ: as in the saying, قَدْ مَضَتْ أُمَمٌ Generations of men have passed away. (T.) b5: The creatures of God. (M, K.) You say, مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ أُمَّةِ اللّٰهِ أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ [I have not seen, of the creatures of God, one more beautiful than he]. (M.) A3: I. q. إِمَامٌ; (T, M, K;) accord. to A 'Obeyd, applied in this sense to Abraham, in the Kur xvi. 121. (T.) b2: A righteous man who is an object of imitation. (T.) b3: One who follows the true religion, holding, or doing, what is different from, or contrary to, all other religions: (M, K:) [said to be] thus applied to Abraham, ubi suprà. (M.) b4: One who is known for goodness: (Fr, T:) and so explained by Ibn-Mes'ood as applied to Abraham: (TA:) or, so applied, it has the signification next following: (TA:) a man combining all kinds of good qualities: (T, M, K:) or, as some say, repaired to: or imitated. (Bd:) b5: A learned man: (T, M, K:) one who has no equal: (T:) the learned man of his age, or time, who is singular in his learning: (Msb:) and one who is alone in respect of religion. (T.) A4: See also إُمٌّ, first sentence. Hence, يَاأُمَّتِ which see in the same paragraph.

A5: The stature of a man; tallness, and beauty of stature; or justness of stature; syn. قَامَةٌ; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) and شَطَاطً: (M, TA: [in the K, the signification of نَشَاطٌ is assigned to it; but this is evidently a mistake for شَطَاطٍ; for the next three significations before the former of these words in the K are the same as the next three before the latter of them in the M; and the next five after the former word in the K are the same as the next five after the latter in the M, with only this difference, that one of these five is the first of them in the M and the third of them in the K:]) pl. أُمَمٌ. (T, S, M. *) You say, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الأُمَّةِ, i. e. الشَّطَاطِ [Verily he is beautiful in justness of stature]. (M.) And El-Aashà says, حِسَانُ الوُجُوهِ طِوَالُ الأُمَمْ [Beautiful in respect of the faces,] tall in respect of the statures. (T, S, M. * [In the last, بيضُ الوُجُوهِ.]) b2: The face. (T, M, K.) b3: أُمَّةُ الآوَجْهِ The form of the face: (Az, T:) or the principal part thereof; (M, K;) the part thereof in which beauty is usually known to lie. (M) You say, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ أُمَّةِ الآوَجْهِ Verily he is beautiful in the form of the face: and إِنَّهُ لآَقَبِيحُ أُمَّةِ الآوَجْهِ verily he is ugly in the form of the face. (Az, T.) b4: أُمَّةُ الطَّرِيقِ: see أُمٌّ.

A6: A time; a period of time; a while. (T, S, M, K.) So in the Kur [xii. 45], وَادَّكَرَ بَعْدَ أُمَّةٍ [And he remembered, or became reminded, after a time]: (S, M:) or, after a long period of time: but some read ↓ إِمَّةٍ, i. e., after favour had been shown him, in his escape: and some read أَمَةٍ, i. e., forgetting. (Bd.) and so in the same [xi. 11], وَلَئِنْ أخَّرْنَا عَنْهُمُ العَذَابَ

إِلآَى أُمَّةٍ مَعْدُودَة [And verily, if we kept back from them the punishment] until a short period of time. (S * Bd.) إِمَّةٌ: see أُمَّةٌ, in three places; first and second sentences. b2: I. q. ↓ إِمَامَةٌ (K) [i. e. The office of إِمَام, q. v. : or] the acting as, or performing the office of, إِمَام: (T in explanation of إِمَّةٌ, and M and Msb in explanation of إِمَامَةٌ:) and the mode, or manner, of performing that office. (T.) b3: I. q. هَيْئَةٌ (Lh, M, K) and شَأْنٌ (M, K) and حَالٌ (M) and حَالَةٌ (M, K) [all as meaning State, condition, or case: or by the first may be here meant external state or condition; form, or appearance; or state with respect to apparel and the like]. b4: An easy and ample state of life; (T;) easiness, or pleasantness of life; ampleness of the conveniences of life, or of the means of subsistence; ease and enjoyment; plenty; prosperity; welfare. (IAar, M, K. *) You say of an old man when he has strength remaining, فُلَانٌ بِإِمَّةٍ, meaning Such a one is returning to a state of well-being and ease and enjoyment. (TA.) b5: Dominion; mastership; authority. (Fr, T, IKtt.) b6: A blessing, or what God bestows upon one; a benefit, benefaction, favour, or boon; a cause of happiness; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) as being that which men aim at, pursue, or endeavour to obtain, (T.) See أُمَّةٌ, last sentence but one.

A2: Accord. to IKtt, it signifies also i. q. أَمَمٌ [but in what sense is not said]. (TA.) أَمَمٌ Nearness. (S, M, K.) b2: [Near; nigh.] You say, أَخَذْتُ ذلِكَ مِنْ أَمَمٍ I took that from near; from nigh. (S, TA.) And دَارُكُمْ أَمَمٌ Your house is near, or nigh. (M, TA.) and هُوَ أَمَمٌ مِنْكَ He, or it, is near to thee: and in like manner you say of two: (M, TA:) and of a pl. number. (S, M, TA.) And دَارِى أَمَمَ دَارِهِ My house is opposite to, facing, or in front of, his house. (S.) b3: Easy: (S, M, K:) near at hand; near to be reached, or laid hold of. (T, TA.) b4: Between near and distant. (ISk, T, S.) b5: Conforming, or conformable, to the just mean: (M, K: *) and ↓ مُؤَامٌّ, (AA, T, S, M, K,) [in form] like مُضَارٌّ, (S,) originally مُؤَامِمٌ, (TA,) the same; (T;) of a middle, or middling, kind or sort; neither exceeding, nor falling short of, what is right; (AA, T, S, M;) applied to an affair, or a case, (T, S,) and a thing [of any kind]; (S;) as also ↓ مُؤَمٌّ; (TA;) and convenient, or suitable: (M, K:) and أَمَمٌ and ↓ مُؤَامٌّ both signify an affair, or a case, that is manifest, clear, or plain, (M, K,) not exceeding the due bounds or limits. (M.) الأَمَامُ The location that is before; (M, Msb, * K;) contr. of الوَرَآءُ. (M, K.) It is used [absolutely] as a noun, and adverbially, (M, Msb, * K,) necessarily prefixed to another noun: (Mgh:) and is fem., (Ks, M,) and sometimes mase.: (M, K:) or it is mase., and sometimes fem. as meaning the جِهَة: or, as Zj says, they differ as to making it masc. and making it fem. (Msb.) You say, كُنْتُ أَمَامَهُ I was before him, in respect of place. (S.) In the saying of Mohammad, to Usámeh, الصلَاةُ أَمَامَكَ, the meaning is The time of prayer [is before thee], or the place thereof; and by the prayer is meant the prayer of sunset. (Mgh.) You also say, أَمَامَكَ [i. c. Look before thee; meaning beware thou; or take thou note;] when you caution another, (M, K,) or notify him, of a thing. (M.) إِمَامٌ A person, (S, Mgh,) or learned man, (Msb,) whose example is followed, or who is imitated; (S, Mgh, Msb;) any exemplar, or object of imitation, (T, M, K,) to a people, or company of men, (T,) such as a head, chief, or leader, or some other person, (M, K,) whether they be following the right way or be erring therefrom: (T:) applied alike to a male and to a female: (Mgh, Msb:) applied to a female, it occurs in a phrase in which it is written by some with ة: (Mgh:) but this is said to be a mistake: (Msb:) it is correctly without ة, because it is a subst., not an epithet: (Mgh, Msb:) or it is allowable with ة, because it implies the meaning of an epithet: (Msb:) and ↓ أُمَّةٌ signifies the same: (T, M, K:) the pl. of the former is أَيِمَّةْ, (T, S, M, K, [but omitted in the CK,]) originally أَأْمِمَةٌ, (T, S,) of the measure أَفعِلَةٌ, like أَمْثِلَةٌ, pl. of مِثَالٌ, (T,) but as two meems come together, the former is incorporated into the latter, and its vowel is transferred to the hemzeh before it, which hemzeh, being thus pronounced with kesr, is changed into ى; (T, S; *) or it is thus changed because difficult to pronounce; (M;) or, as Akh says, because it is with kesr and is preceded by another hemzeh with fet-h: (S:) but some pronounce it أَئِمَّةٌ, (Akh, T, S, M, K,) namely, those who hold that two hemzehs may occur together; (Akh, S;) the Koofees reading it thus in the Kur ix. 12; (M;) but this is anomalous: (M, K:) it is mentioned as on the authority of Aboo-Is-hák, and [Az says,] I do not say that it is not allowable, but the former is the preferable: (T:) or the pl. is أَئِمَّةٌ, originally أَأْمِمَةٌ like أَمْثِلَةٌ: one of the two meems being incorporated into the other after the transfer of its vowel to the hemzeh [next before it]; some of the readers of the Kur pronouncing the [said] hemzeh with its true sound; some softening it, agreeably with analogy, in the manner termed بَيْنَ بَيْنَ; and some of the grammarians changing it into ى; but some of them reckon this incorrect, saying that there is no analogical reason for it: (Msb:) and accord. to some, (M,) its pl. is also إِمَامُ, (M, K,) like the sing., (K,) occurring in the Kur xxv. 74; (M;) not of the same category as عَدْلٌ (M, K) and رِضَّى, (M,) because they sometimes said إِمَامَانِ, but a broken pl.: (M, K: *) or, accord. to A 'Obeyd, it is in this instance a sing. denoting a pl.: (M, S: *) or it is pl. of آمٌّ, [which is originally آمِمْ,] like as صِحَابٌ is pl. of صَاحِبٌ: (M:) the dim. of أَيِمَّةٌ is ↓ أُوَيْمَّةْ; or, as El-Mázinee says, ↓ أُيَيْمَّةٌ. (S.) b2: الإمَامُ also signifies The Prophet: (K:) he is called إِمَامُ [the exemplar, object of imitation, leader, or head, of his nation, or people]; (T;) or إِمَامُ الأمَّةِ [the exemplar, &c., of the nation, or people]; (M;) it being incumbent on all to imitate his rule of life or conduct. (T.) b3: The Khaleefeh: (Msb, K:) he is called إمَامُ الرَّعِيَّةِ [the exemplar, &c., of the people, or subjects]. (M.) The title of الإمَامُ is still applied to the Kings of El-Yemen: Aboo-Bekr says, you say, فُلَانٌ إِمَامُ القَوْمِ, meaning such a one is the first in authority over the people, or company of men: and إِمَامُ المَسْلِمِينَ means the head, chief, or leader, of the Muslims. (TA.) b4: The person whose example is followed, or who is imitated, [i. e. the leader,] in prayer. (Msb.) b5: [The leading authority, or head, of a persuasion, or sect. The four أيِمَّة or أَئِمَّة are the heads of the four principal persuasions, or sects, of the Sunnees; namely, the Hanafees, Sháfi'ees, Málikees, and Hambelees. And the Hanafees call the two chief doctors of their persuasion, after Aboo-Haneefeh, namely, Aboo-Yoosuf and Mohammad, الإِمَامَانِ The two Imáms.] b6: The leader of an army. (M, K.) b7: The guide: (K:) he is called إِمَامُ الإِبِلِ [the leader of the travellers]. (M.) b8: The conductor, or driver, of camels (M, K) is called إِمَامُ الإِبِلِ, though he be behind them, because he guides them. (M.) b9: The manager, or conductor, and right disposer, orderer, or rectifier, of anything. (M, K. *) b10: The Kur-án (M, K) is called إِمَامُ المُسْلِمينَ [the guide of the Muslims]; (M;) because it is an exemplar. (TA.) [The model-copy, or standard-copy, of the Kur-án, namely the copy of the Khaleefeh 'Othmán, is particularly called الإِمَامُ.] b11: [The scripture of any people: and, without the article, a book, or written record.] It is said in the Kur [xvii. 73], يَوْمَ نَدْعُو كُلَّ أُنَاسٍ بِإمَامِهِمْ The day when we shall call every one of mankind with their scripture: or, as some say, with their prophet and their law: or, as some say, with their book in which their deeds are recorded. (T.) It is also said in the Kur [xxxvi. 11], كُلَّ شَيْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَاهُ فِى إِمَامٍ مُبِينٍ, meaning, says El-Hasan, [And everything have we recorded] in a perspicuous book, or writing; (S, Jel;) i. e., on the Preserved Tablet. (Bd, Jel.) b12: The lesson of a boy, that is learned each day (T, M, K) in the school: (T:) also called السَّبَقُ. (TA.) b13: The model, or pattern, of a semblance, or shape. (M, K.) b14: The builder's wooden instrument [or rule] whereby he makes the building even. (S, K. *) b15: The cord which the builder extends to make even, thereby, the row of stones or bricks of the building; also called التُّرُّ and المِطْهَرُ; (T;) the string which is extended upon, or against, a building, and according to which one builds. (M, K. *) b16: إِمَامٌ signifies also A road, or way: (S, [but omitted in some copies,] M, K:) or a manifest road, or way. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xv. 79], وَ إِنَّهُمَا لَبِإمَامٍ مُبِينٍ (S, M) And they were both, indeed, in a way pursued and manifest: (M:) or in a way which they travelled in their journeys. (Fr.) b17: The direction (تَلْقَآء) of the Kibleh. (M, K. *) b18: A tract, quarter, or region, of land, or of the earth. (S.) b19: A string [of a bow or lute &c.]; syn. وَتَرٌ. (Sgh, K.) أَمِيمٌ Beautiful in stature; (K;) applied to a man. (TA.) A2: I. q. ↓ مَأْمُومٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) i. e. one who raves, or is delirious, (يَهْذِى, [in two copies of the S يَهْدِى, but the former appears, from a remark made voce آمَّةٌ, to be the right reading,]) from [a wound in] what is termed أُمُّ رَأْسِهِ [see أُمٌّ]: (S:) or wounded in what is so termed; (M, K;) having a wound such as is termed آمَّة, q. v. (Msb.) It is also used, metaphorically, in relation to other parts than that named above; as in the saying, وَ حَشَاىَ مِنْ حَرِّ الفِرَاقِ أَمِيمُ (tropical:) [And my bowels are wounded by reason of the burning pain of separation]. (M.) A3: A stone with which the head is broken: (S, O:) but in the M and K ↓ أمَيْمَةٌ, [in a copy of the M, however, I find it without any syll. signs, so that it would seem to be ↓ أَمِيمَةٌ,] explained as signifying stones with which heads are broken: (TA:) pl. أَمَائِمُ. (S, TA.) أُمَائِمُ Three hundred camels: (M, K:) so explained by Abu-l-'Alà. (M.) إِمَامَةٌ: see إِمَّةٌ.

أَمِيمَةٌ: see أَمِيمٌ b2: Also, (Sgh,) or ↓ أُمَيْمَةٌ, (K,) A blacksmith's hammer. (Sgh, K.) أُمَيْمَةٌ dim. of أُمٌّ, q. v. (T, S, K.) A2: See also أَمِيمٌ: b2: and أمَيمَةٌ.

الإِمِامِيَّةُ One of the exorbitant sects of the Shee'ah, (TA,) who asserted that 'Alee was expressly appointed by Mohammad to be his successor. (Esh-Shahrastánee p. 122, and KT.) أُمَيْمِهةٌ [dim. of أُمَّهةٌ] : see أُمٌّ, first sentence.

أُمِّىٌّ (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أُمَّانٌ (K) [the former a rel. n. from أُمَّةٌ, and thus properly meaning Gentile: whence, in a secondary, or tropical, sense,(assumed tropical:) a heathen;] (assumed tropical:) one not having a revealed scripture; (Bd in iii. 19 and 69;) so applied by those having a revealed scripture: (Bd in iii.69:) [and particularly] an Arab: (Jel in iii. 69, and Bd and Jel in lxii. 2:) [or] in the proper language [of the Arabs], of, or belonging to, or relating to, the nation (أُمَّة) of the Arabs, who did not write nor read: and therefore metaphorically applied to (tropical:) any one not knowing the art of writing nor that of reading: (Mgh:) or (assumed tropical:) one who does not write; (T, M, K;) because the art of writing is acquired; as though he were thus called in relation to the condition in which his mother (أُمَّهُ) brought him forth: (T:) or (assumed tropical:) one who is in the natural condition of the nation (الأُمَّة) to which he belongs, (Zj, * T, M, * K, *) in respect of not writing, (T,) or not having learned writing; thus remaining in his natural state: (M, K:) or (assumed tropical:) one who does not write well; said to be a rel. n. from أمٌّ; because the art of writing is acquired, and such a person is as his mother brought him forth, in respect of ignorance of that art; or, as some say, from أُمَّةُ العَرَبِ; because most of the Arabs were of this description: (Msb:) the art of writing was known among the Arabs [in the time of Mohammad] by the people of Et-Táïf, who learned it from a man of the people of El-Heereh, and these had it from the people of El-Ambár. (T.) أُمِّيُّون لَا يَعْلَمُونَ, الكِتَابَ, in the Kur ii. 73, means Vulgar persons, [or heathen,] who know not the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: (Jel:) or ignorant persons, who know not writing, so that they may read that book; or, who know not the Book of the Law revealed to Moses. (Bd.) Mohammad was termed أُمِّىّ [meaning A Gentile, as distinguished from an Israelite: or, accord. to most of his followers, meaning illiterate;] because the nation (أُمَّة) of the Arabs did not write, nor read writing; and [they say that] God sent him as an apostle when he did not write, nor read from a book; and this natural condition of his was one of his miraculous signs, to which reference is made in the Kur [xxix. 47], where it is said, “thou didst not read, before it, from a book, nor didst thou write it with thy right hand:” (T, TA:) but accord. to the more correct opinion, he was not well acquainted with written characters nor with poetry, but he discriminated between good and bad poetry: or, as some assert, he became acquainted with writing after he had been unacquainted therewith, on account of the expression “ before it ”

in the verse of the Kur mentioned above: or, as some say, this may mean that he wrote though ignorant of the art of writing, like as some of the kings, being أُمِّيُّون, write their signs, or marks: (TA:) or, accord. to Jaafar Es-Sádik, he used to read from the book, or scripture, if he did not write. (Kull p. 73.) [Some judicious observations on this word are comprised in Dr. Sprenger's Life of Mohammad (pp. 101-2); a work which, in the portion already published (Part I.), contains much very valuable information.] b2: Also, (K,) or [only] أُمِّىٌّ, (Az, T, M,) applied to a man, (Az, T,) Impotent in speech, (عَيِىّ, in the K incorrectly written غَبِىّ, TA,) of few words, and rude, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (Az, T, M, K.) أُمِّيَّةٌ The quality denoted by the epithet أُمِّىٌّ: (TA:) [gentilism: (assumed tropical:) heathenism: &c.:] (assumed tropical:) the quality of being [in the natural condition of the nation to which one belongs, or] as brought forth by one's mother, in respect of not having learned the art of writing nor the reading thereof. (Kull p. 73.) أُمَّانٌ: see أُمِّىٌّ; and see also art. امن

أُمَّهَدٌ: see أُمٌّ.

آمٌّ [act. part. n. of 1;] i. q. قَاصِدٌ: [see 1, first sentence:] (TA:) pl. إِمَامٌ, like as صِحَابٌّ is pl. of صَاحِبٌ, (M, K,) accord. to some, but others say that this is pl. of إِمَامٌ [q. v.; the sing. and pl. being alike]; (M;) and آمُّونَ. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [v. 2], وَلَا آمِّينَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ [Nor those repairing to the Sacred House]. (TA.) آمَّةٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ مَأْمُومَةٌ, as some of the Arabs say, (IB, Msb,) because it implies the meaning of a pass. part. n., originally; (Msb;) but 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh says that this is a mistake; for the latter word is an epithet applied to the part called أُمُّ الدِّمَاغِ when it is broken; (IB;) or شَجَّةٌ آمَّةٌ and ↓ مَأْمُومَةٌ; (M, Mgh, K;) A wound by which the head is broken, (S, M, Msb, K,) reaching to the part called أُمُّ الدِّمَاغِ, (S, Msb,) or, [which means the same,] أُمُّ الرَّأْسِ, (M, K,) so that there remains between it and the brain [only] a thin skin: (S:) it is the most severe of شِجَاج [except that which reaches the brain (see شَجَّةٌ)]: ISk says that the person suffering from it roars, or bellows, (يَصْعَقُ,) like thunder, and like the braying of camels, and is unable to go forth into the sun: (Msb:) the mulct for it is one third of the whole price of blood: (TA:) IAar assigns the meaning of [this kind of] شَجَّة to ↓ أَمَّةٌ; which seems, therefore, to be either a dial. var. or a contraction of آمَّةٌ: (Msb:) the pl. of آمَّةٌ is أَوَامُّ (Mgh, Msb) and ↓ مآئِمُ; or this latter has no proper sing.: (M, TA:) the pl. of ↓ مأْمُومَةٌ is مَأْمُومَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) أَوَمُّ and أَيَمُّ Better in the performance of the office termed إِمَامَةٌ; followed by مِنْ: (Zj, T, M, K:) originally أَأَمُّ: the second hemzeh being changed by some into و and by some into ى. (Zj, T, M.) أُيَيْمَّةٌ, or أُيَيْمَّةٌ, dim. of أَيِمَّةٌ, pl. of إِمَامٌ, q. v. (S.) مُؤمٌّ: see أَمَمٌ.

مِئَمٌّ A camel that leads and guides: (M:) or a guide that shows the right way: and a camel that goes before the other camels: (K:) fem. with ة; (M, K;) applied to a she-camel (M, TA) that goes before the other she-camels, and is followed by them. (TA.) مأْمُومٌ: see أَمِيمٌ. b2: Also A camel having his hump bruised internally by his being much ridden, or having his hump swollen in consequence of the galling of the saddle and the cloth beneath it, and bruised, and having his hump corroded: (S:) or whose fur has gone from his back in consequence of beating, or of galls, or sores, produced by the saddle or the like. (M, K.) b3: مأْمُومَةٌ: see آمَّةٌ, in three places.

مُؤَامٌّ: see أَمَمٌ, in two places.

مؤْتَمٌّ act. part. n. of ائْتَمَّ بِهِ; Following as an example; imitating; taking as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation. (Msb.) b4: مُؤْتَمٌّ بِهِ pass. part. n. of the same; Followed as an example; imitated; &c.: thus distinguished from the former by the preposition with the object of its government. (Msb.) مَآئِمُ: see آمَّةٌ.

قبس

1 قَبَسَ نَارًا, aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. قَبْسٌ, (T, K,) He took fire, مِنْهُ [from him;] (K;) as also ↓ اقتبسها: (S, K:) or he took fire from the main mass thereof; (Msb;) as also ↓ اقتبس [alone]. (Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] قَبَسَ عِلْمًا, (and مِنَ العِلْمِ, TA,) (assumed tropical:) He acquired knowledge, مِنْهُ [from him;] (Ks, K, TA;) as also ↓ اقتبسهُ: (Ks, S, K, TA:) or he learned knowledge; as also ↓ اقتبس. (Msb.) b3: [Hence also, قَبَسَ حُمَّى (assumed tropical:) He caught a fever from another; as also ↓ اقتبسها.] You say, هٰذِهِ حُمَّى قَبْسٍ (assumed tropical:) This is a fever caught from another; not accidentally inbred: (A, TA:) but Sgh explains it differently, as signifying an accidental fever. (TA.) And الحُمَّى مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَلَمْ ↓ اقتبس تَعْرِضْ لَهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He caught the fever from another; and it did not accidentally come to him from himself]. (A, TA.) A2: قَبَسَ مِنْهُ نَارًا, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَبْسٌ, [He sought from him fire; (see its part. n., below;)] (S;) [and so ↓ اقتبسه, for اقتبس مِنْهُ نَارًا; for you say,] اِقْتَبَسْنَا فُلَانًا فَأَبَى ان يُقْبِسَنَا, meaning, [We sought fire from such a one, and he refused] to give us fire. (TA.) b2: [And hence, قَبَسَ عِلْمًا (assumed tropical:) He sought knowledge; (see, again, its part. n., below;) and so ↓ اقتبسهُ; as appears from an explanation of the part. n. of this latter also; and from the saying,] أَتَانَا فُلَانٌ يَقْتَبِسُ العِلْمَ فَأَقْبَسْنَاهُ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) [Such a one came to us seeking knowledge, and] we taught him. (TA.) A3: Also, قَبَسَ النَّارَ He lighted, or kindled, the fire. (IKtt.) A4: See also 4, passim.4 اقبسهُ He gave him a قَبَس [a brand, or burning stick, or burning piece of fire-wood]: (S, K:) or he gave him fire: and ↓ قَبَسَهُ he brought him fire: (TA:) and اقبسهُ نَارًا (Ks, S, Msb) he gave him fire; (S, * Msb, TA;) as also نَارًا ↓ قَبَسَهُ. (Yz, Ks, IAar, S.) b2: [Hence,] اقبسهُ (assumed tropical:) He taught him: (K:) and اقبسهُ عِلْمًا, (Yz, Ks, IAar, S, A, Msb,) and خَيْرًا, (A, TA,) (assumed tropical:) he taught him knowledge, (S, * Msb, TA,) and (assumed tropical:) good; (TA;) as also عِلْمًا ↓ قَبَسَهُ, (Ks, IAar, S, A, Msb, TA,) and خَيْرًا: (A:) the latter verb is sometimes thus used; (IAar, TA;) or is allowable: (Ks, TA:) or only the former: (A:) [but it seems to be indicated in the TA, that you say. خَيْرًا ↓ قَبَسَهُ as meaning (assumed tropical:) he brought him good:] and you say also مَالًا ↓ قَبَسَهُ [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) he gave him property]. (IAar, TA.) A2: اقبس فُلَانًا نَارًا He sought fire for such a one. (Yz, * S, * K.) 8 إِقْتَبَسَ see 1, passim.

قَبَسٌ Fire: (TA:) or a live coal: (Bd, xx.

10:) or [more commonly, and more properly, like نَفَضٌ in the sense of مَنْفُوضٌ;] a firebrand (شُعْلَةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ, T, S, A, Msb, K, * and Bd ubi supra,) taken from the main mass of fire; (T, A, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ مُقْتَبَسٌ and ↓ مِقْبَسٌ (A) and ↓ مِقْبَاسٌ: (S, A, Msb, K:) the last two [properly] signify a thing [such as a stick, or piece of fire-wood,] with which one has taken fire: (TA:) and قَبَسٌ is also explained as signifying a live coal, or piece of fire, (جِذْوَةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ,) which one takes upon the end of a stick: (TA:) [and ↓ قَبْسَةٌ also signifies the same; as appears from an application thereof in the K, art. جذو, where الجِذْوَةُ is explained by القَبْسَةُ مِنَ النَّارِ; and from the saying,] مَا أَنَا إِلَّا قَبْسَةٌ مِنْ نَارِكَ [lit., I am nought but a piece from thy fire; app. meaning, my subsistence, or the like, is derived from thee]. (A, TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Alee, حَتَّى أَوْرَى قَبَسَ القَابِسِ (assumed tropical:) So that he manifested a light of truth to the seeker thereof. (TA.) قَبْسَةٌ [inf. n. of un. of 1; A single act of taking fire; &c. Hence the saying,] مَا زُرْتُكَ إِلَّا كَقَبْسَةِ العَجْلَانِ [I did not visit thee save like the hasty person's single act of taking fire]. (TA.) A2: See also قَبَسٌ.

قَابِسٌ [act. part. n. of 1; Taking fire; a taker of fire; &c. Hence the saying,] مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا كالقَابِسِ العَجْلَانِ [Thou art none other than like the hasty taker of fire]. (A.) b2: [(assumed tropical:) Acquiring, or learning, knowledge; an acquirer, or a learner, of knowledge.]

A2: Seeking, or a seeker of, fire: pl. أَقْبَاسٌ; its only broken pl. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Seeking, or a seeker of, knowledge; as also ↓ مُقْتَبِسٌ. (TA.) b3: القَوَابِسُ [pl. of القَابِسُ, like as الفَوَارِسُ is pl. of الفَارِسُ,] (assumed tropical:) Those who teach men what is good. (TA.) مَقْبِسٌ The place of the fire-brand: i. e., firewood that has been lighted: or charcoal that has become hard; opposed to حُمَمَةٌ, which is [a piece of] charcoal that does not hold together: pl. مَقَابِسُ. (Msb.) مِقْبَسٌ: see قَبَسٌ.

مِقْبَاسٌ: see قَبَسٌ.

مُقْتَبَسٌ: see قَبَسٌ.

مُقْتَبِسٌ: see قَابِسٌ.

جدع

1 جَدَعَ الأَنْفَ, (S, * Msb, K, *) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. جَدْعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He cut off the nose; and in like manner, the ear; and the hand, or arm; and the lip; (S, Msb, K;) and a similar part: (TA:) and أَنْفَهُ ↓ أَجْدَعْتُ signifies the same as جَدَعْتُ [I cut off his nose]: or جَدْعٌ signifies [absolutely] the cutting off; or cutting so as to separate. (TA.) In the following saying of a poet, the verb is used metaphorically, وَأَصْبَحَ الدَّهْرُ ذُو العِرْنِينِ قَدْ جُدِعَا [lit. And nosed fortune became mutilated in the nose; meaning, (assumed tropical:) became marred]. (TA.) And in the following phrase, occurring in a verse, كَأَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَجْدَعُ أَنْفَهُ وَعَيْنَيْهِ, the poet means, [As though God cut off his nose] and put out his eyes: see a similar saying in art. قلد, voce تَقَلَّدَ. (TA.) b2: جَدَعَهُ, (S, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He mutilated him, or maimed him, by cutting off his nose, or his ear, or his hand or arm, or his lip, (S, K, TA,) or the like; (TA;) as also ↓ جدّعهُ (S, TA.) [Hence the phrase,] لَهُ ↓ جَدْعًا (S, K) [(May God decree) to him mutilation, or maining, by the cutting off of his nose, or the like; or cause it to befall him: or] meaning أَلْزَمَهُ اللّٰهُ الجَدْعَ [(assumed tropical:) may God make injury, or diminution of what is good, to cleave to him]: (K:) said in imprecating a curse upon a man: similar to عَقْرًا لَهُ, q. v.: the first word being governed in the accus. case by a verb understood. (TA.) One says also, اِجْدَعْهُمْ بِالأَمْرِ حَتَّى يَذِلُّوا, a phrase mentioned by IAar, but not explained by him; thought by ISd to mean, (tropical:) Act thou, in commanding, as though thou mutilatedst them by cutting off their noses [until they become submissive]. (TA.) In the phrase ↓ صَوْتُ الحِمَارِ اليُجَدَّعُ [The voice of the ass that has his ear, or ears, cut off, (see مُجَدَّعٌ, below,)], occurring in a verse of Dhu-l-Khirak Et-Tuhawee, (S,) accord. to J, but not found by Sgh in the verses of that poet, and said to be in the Book [of Sb], though IB denies this, asserting it to be in the Nawádir of Az, (TA,) Akh says, the poet means الَّذِى يُجَدَّعُ, like as you say, هُوَالْيَضْرِبُكَ, meaning الَّذِى يَضْرِبُكَ: Aboo-Bekr Ibn-es-Sarráj says, the poet, requiring refa for the rhyme, has changed the noun into a verb; and this is one of the worst of poetic licences. (S.) b3: [Hence,] السَّنَةُ تَجْدَعُ النَّبَاتَ (tropical:) [The year of drought cuts off, or destroys, the herbage]: (A, TA:) and تَجْدَعُ بِالمَالِ destroys the camels or the like. (S, O, K.) And القَحْطُ النَبَّاتِ ↓ جَدَّعَ (tropical:) The drought prevented the growth, or increase, of the herbage. (K, TA.) b4: [Hence also,] جَدَعَ عِيَالَهُ, inf. n. جَدَّعٌ, (assumed tropical:) He withheld good things from his family, or household. (TA.) And جَدَعَتْهُ أُمُّهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. as above, (tropical:) His mother fed him with bad food; (Zj, K;) as also ↓ أَجْدَعَتْهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِجْدَاعٌ; (TA;) and ↓ جَدَّعَتْهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَجْدِيعٌ: (TA:) and ↓ جدّعهُ and ↓ اجدعهُ (tropical:) He (a pastor) confined him [a beast] to bad pasture. (TA.) جَدَعْتُهُ, (S,) inf. n. as above, (K,) also signifies (assumed tropical:) I confined him, restricted him, or the like; syn. حَبَسْتُهُ: and (assumed tropical:) I imprisoned him: (S, K: *) and so with ذ: (S:) or جَدْعٌ and جَذْعٌ both signify (assumed tropical:) the confining, or restricting, a person with evil management, and with contemptuous treatment, and want of good care. (A Heyth.) A2: جَدِعَ, aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. جَدَعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He (a man) was, or became, mutilated, or maimed, by the cutting off of his nose, or his ear, (S, * Msb, K, *) or his hand or arm, or his lip, (S, K,) or the like: (TA:) or, accord. to some, you do not say جَدِعَ, but جُدِعَ: (TA:) and جَدِعَتِ الشَّاةُ The sheep, or goat, was, or became, mutilated by having its ears entirely cut off. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] also, (S, K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (S,) [as though meaning (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, injured;] (tropical:) he (a child) had bad food: (S, K, TA:) and he (a young weaned camel) had bad food: or was ridden while [too] young, and in consequence became weak. (TA.) 2 جدّعهُ, inf. n. تَجْدِيعٌ: see 1, in five places. b2: جَدَّعَهُ وَشَرَّاهُ (tropical:) He made him to experience evil treatment, and derided him; as when one cuts off the ear of his slave, and sells him. (TA.) A2: Also He said to him جَدْعًا لَكَ [explained above; see 1]. (S, K. *) [See also عَقَّرَهُ.]3 جادع, inf. n. مُجَادَعَةٌ (S, K) and جِدَاعٌ (K,) (tropical:) He reviled, being reviled by another, (K, * TA,) saying جَدْعًا لَكَ; as though each of them cut off the nose of the other: (TA:) and, (K,) or accord. to some, (TA,) (tropical:) he contended in an altercation; as also ↓ تجادع; (S, K, TA;) [but the latter is said of a number of persons &c.] Yousay, أَفَاعِيهَا ↓ تَرَكْتُ البِلَادَ تَجَادَعُ, (Th, S,) and ↓ تَجَدَّعُ also, (Th,) (tropical:) I left the countries with their vipers eating one another; (Th, S;) not meaning eating in reality, but rending in pieces, or mangling, one another: (Th:) and أَفَاعِيهَا ↓ عَامٌ تَجَدَّعُ, and ↓ تَجَادَعُ, (tropical:) A year in which the vipers eat one another, by reason of its severity. (Th.) 4 أَجْدَعَ see 1, in three places.5 تَجَدَّعَ see 3, in two places.6 تَجَاْدَعَ see 3, in three places.

جَدْعٌ What is cut off of the anterior parts of the nose, to its furthest, or uttermost, part: (As, TA:) an inf. n. used as a [proper] subst. (TA.) b2: جَدْعًا لَهُ : see 1.

A2: (tropical:) Unwholesomeness in herbage. (K.) جَدِعٌ (tropical:) A child having bad food; or fed on bad food: (S, K, TA:) pronounced by El-Mufaddal with ذ; but As repudiated to him this pronunciation; (S, TA:) and his objection was confirmed by a young man of the Benoo-Asad called in as an umpire. (TA.) جَدَعَةٌ What remains, of the nose, ear, hand or arm, or lip, after the cutting off [of the rest]: (S, K:) the place of the cutting off thereof; like عَرَجَةٌ from الأَعْرَجُ, and قَطَعَةٌ from الأَقْطَعُ. (TA.) جَدَاعِ (S, A, K, &c.) and جَدَاعٌ (K, TA) (tropical:) A year of drought; because it cuts off, or destroys, (تَجْدَعُ,) the herbage, and abases men: (A, TA:) or a severe, or calamitous, year, that destroys the camels or the like; (S, O, K;) or that destroys everything; as though it cut off its nose or the like. (L.) b2: See also جُدَاعٌ.

جُدَاعٌ (tropical:) Withered herbage: (S:) or herbage that is unwholesome to the feeder upon it: (K:) or tall, unwholesome, and withered. (TA.) b2: And hence, الجُدَاعُ signifies (tropical:) Death: (K, TA:) written by some ↓ الجَدَاعُ. (TA.) أَجْدَعُ Mutilated, or maimed, by having his nose cut off, or his ear, (S, Msb, K,) or his hand or arm, or his lip, (S, K,) or the like: (TA:) fem. جَدْعَآءُ: (S, Msb:) and the latter, applied to a she-camel, having the sixth part of her ear, or the fourth part of it, or more than that, to the half, cut off; and to a she-goat, having a third part, or more, of her ear cut off; or, accord. to IAmb, any ewe or she-goat having the ear lopped; (TA;) or a ewe or she-goat having her ear entirely cut off: (Mgh, Msb:) and ↓ مُجَدَّعٌ an ass having the ear cut off, (S,) or having the ears cut off. (K.) It is said in a prov., أَنْفُكَ مِنْكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ

أَجْدَعَ [Thy nose is a part of thee though it be cut off]: applied with reference to him whose good and evil attaches to thee though he be not firmly connected with thee by relationship. (TA.) b2: الأَجْدَعُ one of the appellations applied to The devil. (Fr, K. *) مُجَدَّعٌ: see أَجْدَعٌ. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A plant, or herbage, of which the upper part has been eaten: (S:) or of which the upper part and the sides have been partly cut off or eaten. (AHn.)

برقش

Q. 1 برْقَشَهُ, (S, A, TA,) inf. n. بَرْقَشَةٌ, (TA,) He variegated it with divers, or different, colours; (S, TA;) from أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ, the bird so called: (S:) or he adorned him, or it. (A.) [See also بَرْقَشَةٌ, below.] b2: Hence, بَرْقَشَ قَوْلَهُ (assumed tropical:) He embellished his saying. (Har p. 235.) Q. 2 تَبَرْقَشَ He adorned himself (A, K) with various colours. (K.) You say, تَبَرْقَشَ لَنَا He adorned himself with various colours for us: (K:) or with various colours of every kind. (TA.) And تَبَرْقَشَتْ She assumed various colours: or she varied in dispositions: syn. تَلَوَّنَتْ. (A.) and تبرقش البَيْتُ The house, or chamber, or tent, became variegated. (TA.) And تبرقشت البِلَادُ The countries became adorned with various colours; from أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ. (TA.) بِرْقِشٌ A certain bird, (S, K,) different from that called أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ, (K, accord. to the TA, [ for we there read طَائِرٌ آخَرُ; the bird called ابو براقش having been mentioned before; but in the CK, in the place of آخَرُ, we find أَخْضَرُ, i. e., green;]) of small size, (S, TA,) that assumes various colours, of the kind called حُمَّر, (TA,) like the sparrow, (S, TA,) and called شُرْشُورٌ (S, K) by the people of El-Hijáz: (S, TA:) but Az states his having heard certain of the Arabs of the desert call it ابو براقش. (TA.) بَرْقَشَةٌ The diversity of colour of that which is termed أَرْقَشُ. (K.) [See also 1.]

أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ A certain bird that assumes various colours; (S;) a small wild bird, like the قَنْفُذ [or hedge-hog, but قُنْفُذ is probably a mistranscription for قُنْبُر, or lark], the upper part of whose feathers is dust-coloured (أَغْبَرُ, as in the K, accord. to the TA), or white (أَغَرُّ, as in some copies of the K), and the middle red, and the lower part black, so that when it is roused, or provoked, it ruffles its feathers and becomes variously changed in colour: (Lth, K:) or a certain bird that is found in the trees called عِضَاه, and the colour of which is between blackness and whiteness, having six قَوَادِم [or primary feathers], three on each side, heavy in the rump, that makes a noise with its wings when it flies, and assumes various colours: (IKh:) a certain variegated bird. (TA in art. ابو.) b2: .) b3: [Hence,] هُوَ أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ (assumed tropical:) He is varying, or variable, in dispositions. (A, TA.) الجَارُ البَرَاقِشِيُّ The neighbour that is variable in his actions; like الجَارُ اليَرْبُوعِىىُّ. (IAar Ta in art. جور.]

حتف

1 حَتَفَ, aor. ـِ is a verb mentioned by IKoot and IKtt and others, as derived from حَتْفٌ signifying “ death,” though J says that no verb is formed from this word; as IF and Meyd and Az also assert: (MF, TA:) and حُتُوفٌ is its inf. n., as well as pl. of حَتْفٌ: [accord. to SM, it is intrans., signifying He died; for he says,] hence the saying in the A, المَرْءُ يَسْعَى وَيَطُوفُ وَعَاقِبَتُهُ الحُتُوفُ [Man labours, and goes about: and his end is dying]. (TA.) [But see what follows.]

A2: IF says that no verb is formed from حَتْفٌ signifying “ death; ” and so, after him, J; and Az says that he had heard no such verb: but IKoot mentions حَتَفَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَتْفٌ, as signifying He, or it, killed him; or caused him to die. (Msb.) حَتْفٌ Death: (S, Msb, K, &c.:) pl. حُتُوفٌ. (S, K.) You say, مَاتَ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهِ, (A 'Obeyd, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and حَتْفَ فِيهِ, but this is rare, and حَتْفَ أَنْفَيْهِ, (K,) which may mean مَنْخِرَيْهِ, or it may mean أَنْفه وَفَمه, the انف being made predominant, (TA,) He died upon his bed; (A 'Obeyd, Mgh, Msb, K;) [a natural death;] respiring until he yielded his last breath; (Msb;) not from slaughter, nor beating, (A 'Obeyd, S, Msb, K,) nor drowning, nor burning, (A 'Obeyd, Sgh, Msb, K,) nor by a wild beast, &c.: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) the nose is particularized as meaning that the spirit passes forth from it with the breath; or because they imagined that the spirit of the sick man passes forth from his nose, and that of the wounded man from his wound; (IAth, K;) or because the spirit passes forth from the mouth and the nose, and the latter of these is made predominant: (O, TA:) and حتف is put in the accus. case in the manner of an inf. n. (TA.) This phrase was used in the time of paganism, by Es-Semow-al: (Msb, TA:) or, accord. to some, in the phrase attributed to him, the right reading is not مات حتف انفه, but مات فِى فِرَاشِهِ; and the former was first used by Mohammad. (Ham p. 52.) It is said of a human being: (S, Mgh:) and then of any animal when it dies without any accidental cause: (Mgh:) hence, of a fish that has died, and floats upon the water. (Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Ámir Ibn-Fuheyreh, وَالمَرْءُ يَأْتِى حَتْفُهُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ [And man, his death comes from above him]: meaning that his caution and his cowardice will not repel from him the decree of death when it befalls him: originally said by 'Amr Ibn-Mámeh. (L, TA.) A2: حَيَّةٌ حَتْفَةٌ [A dead serpent] is a phrase like اِمْرَأَةٌ عَدْلَةٌ: (Z, TA:) the latter word is here an epithet. (Z, K.)