(حَلَلَ)
- فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ «قَالَتْ: طَيَّبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لحِلِّه وحِرْمِه» .
وَفِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ «لِإِحْلَالِه حِينَ حَلَّ» يُقَالُ حَلَّ المحْرم يَحِلُّ حَلَالًا وحِلًّا، وأَحَلَّ يُحِلُّ إِحْلَالًا: إذَا حَلَّ لَهُ مَا يَحْرم عَلَيْهِ مِنْ مَحْظورات الْحَجِّ. ورجُل حِلٌّ مِنَ الإحْرام: أَيْ حَلَال. والحَلال:

نجو
أصل النَّجَاء: الانفصالُ من الشيء، ومنه: نَجَا فلان من فلان وأَنْجَيْتُهُ ونَجَّيْتُهُ. قال تعالى:
وَأَنْجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا
[النمل/ 53] وقال:
إِنَّا مُنَجُّوكَ وَأَهْلَكَ
[العنكبوت/ 33] ، وَإِذْ نَجَّيْناكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ
[البقرة/ 49] ، فَلَمَّا أَنْجاهُمْ إِذا هُمْ يَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِ
[يونس/ 23] ، فَأَنْجَيْناهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَهُ
[الأعراف/ 83] ، فَأَنْجَيْناهُ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنَّا [الأعراف/ 72] ، وَنَجَّيْناهُما وَقَوْمَهُما
[الصافات/ 115] ، نَجَّيْناهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ نِعْمَةً [القمر/ 34- 35] ، وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا [فصلت/ 18] ، وَنَجَّيْناهُمْ مِنْ عَذابٍ غَلِيظٍ [هود/ 58] ، ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا
[مريم/ 72] ، ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي رُسُلَنا [يونس/ 103] والنَّجْوَةُ والنَّجَاةُ: المكان المُرتفِع المنفصل بارتفاعه عمّا حوله، وقيل: سمّي لكونه نَاجِياً من السَّيْل، وَنَجَّيْتُهُ: تركته بنَجْوة، وعلى هذا: فَالْيَوْمَ نُنَجِّيكَ بِبَدَنِكَ
[يونس/ 92] ونَجَوْتُ قِشْرَ الشجرةِ، وجِلْدَ الشاةِ، ولاشتراكهما في ذلك قال الشاعر:
فقلت انْجُوَا عنها نَجا الجلد إنه سيرضيكما منها سنام وغاربه
ونَاجَيْتُهُ. أي: سارَرْتُه، وأصله أن تخلو به في نَجْوة من الأرض. وقيل: أصله من النّجاة، وهو أن تعاونه على ما فيه خلاصه. أو أن تَنْجُوَ بسرِّك من أن يطلع عليك، وتَنَاجَى القومُ، قال: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا تَناجَيْتُمْ فَلا تَتَناجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوانِ وَمَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ وَتَناجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوى
[المجادلة/ 9] ، إِذا ناجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقَةً
[المجادلة/ 12] والنَّجْوَى أصله المصدر، قال:
إِنَّمَا النَّجْوى مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ [المجادلة/ 10] وقال: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوى [المجادلة/ 8] ، وقوله: وَأَسَرُّوا النَّجْوَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا [الأنبياء/ 3] تنبيها أنهم لم يظهروا بوجه، لأنّ النّجوى ربّما تظهر بعد. وقال: ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ [المجادلة/ 7] وقد يوصف بالنّجوى، فيقال: هو نَجْوَى، وهم نَجْوَى. قال تعالى: وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوى [الإسراء/ 47] والنَّجِيُّ: المُنَاجِي، ويقال للواحد والجمع. قال تعالى: وَقَرَّبْناهُ نَجِيًّا
[مريم/ 52] ، وقال: فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْأَسُوا مِنْهُ خَلَصُوا نَجِيًّا [يوسف/ 80] وانْتَجَيْتُ فلانا: استخلصته لسرِّي، وأَنْجَى فُلانٌ: أتى نَجْوَةً، وهم في أرض نَجَاةٍ: أي: في أرض يُسْتَنْجَى من شَجَرِها العِصِيُّ والقِسِيُّ. أي: يتّخذ ويستخلص، والنَّجا: عِيدانٌ قد قُشِرَتْ، قال بعضهم: يقال: نجوْتُ فلانا: استنكهته ، واحتجَّ بقول الشاعر:
نَجَوْتُ مجالدا فوجدت منه كريح الكلب مات حديث عهد
فإن يكن حمل نجوت على هذا المعنى من أجل هذا البيت فليس في البيت حجّة له، وإنما أراد أنّي سارَرْتُهُ، فَوَجَدْتُ من بَخَره ريحَ الكلب الميِّت. وكُنِّي عمّا يخرج من الإنسان بِالنَّجْوِ، وقيل: شرب دواءً فما أَنْجَاهُ. أي: ما أقامه، والاسْتِنْجَاءُ: تحرِّي إزالةِ النَّجْوِ، أو طلب نَجْوَةٍ لإلقاء الأَذَى. كقولهم: تَغَوَّطَ: إذا طلب غائطاً من الأرض، أو طلب نجوةً. أي: قِطْعَةَ مَدَرٍ لإزالة الأذى. كقولهم: اسْتَجْمَرَ إذا طلب جِمَاراً. أي: حجرا، والنّجأة بالهمز: الإصابة بالعين. وفي الحديث: «ادْفَعُوا نَجْأَةَ السَّائِلِ بِاللُّقْمَة» .

دنو

1 دَنَا, (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) first Pers\.

دَنَوْتُ, (T, S,) aor. ـْ (T, Msb,) inf. n. دُنُوٌّ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and دَنَاوَةٌ, (M, K,) He, or it, was, or became, near; drew near, or approached; (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ادنى; (IAar, T, K;) and ↓ دنّى, inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ; (IAar, T;) and ↓ دانى, inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ; (KL, but only the inf. n. is there mentioned;) and ↓ اِدَّنَى, inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ: (TA:) it is either in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (El-Harállee, TA:) you say, دَنَا مِنْهُ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) and دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ, (T, S,) and إِلَيْهِ, (M, Msb,) and لَهُ, (TA,) and عَلَيْهِ occurs in a verse of Sá'ideh as meaning مِنْهُ, (M,) He, or it, and I, was, or became, near, &c., to him, or it: (T, M, Mgh, Msb:) [and in like manner you use the other verbs mentioned above, except ↓ دانى, which is immediately trans.: or دَنَا مِنْهُ with دَنَاوَةٌ for its inf. n. means, or means also, He was near to him in respect of kindred; was related to him: for] دَنَاوَةٌ is syn. with قَرَابَةٌ (S, M, K) and قُرْبَى: (M, K:) you say, بَيْنَهُمَا دَنَاوَةٌ meaning قَرَابَةٌ [i. e. Between them two is relationship]; (S;) and مَا تَزْدَادُ مِنَّا إِلَّا قُرْبًا وَدَنَاوَةٍ [Thou increasest not save in nearness and relationship to us]. (ISk, T, S.) A rájiz says, مَا لِى أَرَاهُ دَالِفًا قَدْدُنْىَ لَهُ meaning دُنِىَ لَهُ [i. e. What hath happened to me that I see him walking gently or with short steps, or rendered lowly by age, having been approached by death?]: it is from دَنَوْتُ, but the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, and then the ن is made quiescent: and there are similar instances of contraction of verbs: but [ISd says,] I know not دُنْىَ except in this instance; and As used to say of the poem in which this occurs, This rejez is not ancient: it is app. of Khalaf ElAhmar or some other of the Muwelleds. (M.) One says also, دَنَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِلْمَغُرُوبِ and ↓ أَدْنَت [The sun was, or became, near to setting]. (M.) A2: دَنِىَ, (T, M, K, TA, [in the CK, ما كانَ دَنْيَا ولقد دَنا is erroneously put for مَا كَانَ دَنِيًا وَلَقَدْ دَنِىَ,]) like رَضِىَ, (TA,) aor. ـْ (T,) inf. n. دَنًا (T, M, K) and دَنَايَةٌ, (T, K, TA,) or دِنَايَةٌ; (M, accord. to the TT; and so in the CK; [app. a mistranscription occasioned by a misunderstanding of what here follows;]) the ى [in دَنِىَ] being substituted for و because of the nearness of the kesreh; all on the authority of Lh; (M;) and دَنُوَ, aor. ـْ without ء, inf. n. دَنَآءَةٌ, with ء, (ISk, T,) and دُنُوٌّ; (T;) or دَنَا, aor. ـْ inf. n. دَنَاوَةٌ; i. q. دَنَأَ and دَنُؤَ; (Msb;) [i. e.] He (a man, T, M) was, or became, such as is termed ↓ دَنِىٌّ; (T, M, Msb, K;) and دَنِىْءٌ; (Msb;) meaning weak; contemptible (خَسِيسٌ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters: (T: [like مُدَنٍّ:]) or low, ignoble, or mean; (سَاقِطٌ;) weak; (M, K;) such as, when night affords him covert, will not quit his place, by reason of weakness: (M:) or low, ignoble, or mean, (لَئِيمٌ,) in his actions, or conduct; bad, evil, or foul; accord. to the explanation of دَنَا by Es-Sarakustee: but some distinguish between دَنِىْءٌ and دَنِىٌّ; making the former to signify “ low, ignoble, or mean; ” (لَئِيمٌ;) and the latter, خَسِيسٌ [app. as meaning contemptible]. (Msb, and so the latter is explained in the Mgh.) 2 دَنَّوَ see 1: A2: and 4. b2: It is said in a trad., سَمُّوا وَ سَمِّتُواوَ دَنُّوا, i.e. [Pronounce ye the name of God, (i. e. say, In the name of God,) and invoke a blessing upon him at whose abode or table ye eat, (see art. سمت,) and] make your words to be near together in praising God. (M.) And in another trad., إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَسَمُّوا اللّٰهَ وَدَنُّوا, i. e. [When ye eat, pronounce the name of God, and] eat of that which is near you: (M:) or إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَدَنُّوا, i. e. [When ye eat,] eat of that which is next you. (S.) b3: دَنَّى, (T, M,) inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ, (T,) also signifies He (a man) sought after mean, paltry, or contemptible, things. (Lh, T, M.) And دنّى فِى الأُمُورِ, (inf. n. as above, S, K,) He pursued small matters, and mean, paltry, or contemptible: (T, S, TA:) in the K, erroneously, and great. (TA.) b4: Also He was, or became, weak; syn. ضَعُفَ. (S and TA in art. دون.) 3 دانى, inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ: see 1, in two places. You say also, دَانَيْتُ الأَمْرَ I was, or became, near to [doing, or experiencing,] the affair, or event. (M.) b2: دَانَيْتُ القَيْدَ لِلْبَعِيرِ I made the shackles, or hobbles, strait, or contracted, to the camel. (M, K.) And دَانَى القَيْدُ قَيْنَىِ البَعِيرِ (M, TA) The shackles, or hobbles, straitened, or contracted, [the two parts of the camel that were the places thereof.] (TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, دَانَى لَهُ القَيْدُ فِى دَيْمُومَةٍ قَذَفٍ

قَيْنَيْهِ وَانْحَسَرَتْ عَنْهُ الأَنَاعِيمُ [The shackles, or hobbles, straitened to him, in a far-extending, wide desert, the two parts of him that were the places thereof, and enjoyments became removed from him]. (M.) And you say also, دَانَيْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ I made the two affairs, or events, to be nearly uninterrupted; syn. قَارَبْتُ: (T, S, Msb:) or I made the two affairs, or events, to be connected; syn. جَمَعْتُ. (M.) 4 ادناهُ He made him, or it, to be, or become, near; to draw near, or to approach; he drew near, or brought near, him, or it; (S, M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ دنّاهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ ثَوْبَهَا عَلَيْهَا She (a woman) let down her garment upon her, and covered, or veiled, herself with it. (Mgh.) And أَدْنَيْتُ السِّتْرَ I let down the veil, or curtain, [for the purpose of concealment.] (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [xxxiii. 59], يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنّ مِنْ جَلَابِيبِهِنَّ [They shall let down upon them a portion of their outer wrapping-garments]; (Mgh;) meaning they shall let down a portion of their outer wrapping-garments over their faces, when they go forth for their needful purposes, except one eye. (Jel.) A2: ادنى is also intrans.: see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ, said of a she-camel, (S, TA,) and of a woman, (TA,) She was, or became, near to bringing forth. (S, TA.) And أَدْنَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ [a phrase similar to أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ, q. v.]. (Occurring in a verse cited in the TA in art. فكه.) b3: And ادنى He lived a strait life, (IAar, T, K,) after easiness and plenty. (IAar, T.) 5 تدنّى He (a man, S) drew near, or approached, by little and little. (S, K.) 6 تَدَانَوْا They drew near, or approached, one to another. (S, K.) b2: [Hence,] تدانى It (a thing) drew together, or contracted; or became drawn together or contracted. (M* and L in art. قلص.) b3: And تَدَانَتْ إِبِلُ الرَّجُلَ The camels of the man became few and weak. (M.) 8 اِدَّنَى, inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ: see 1.10 استدناهُ He sought, desired, or demanded, of him, nearness, or approach; (M, K, TA;) he sought, or desired, to make him draw near, or approach: and he drew him near, or caused him to approach. (MA. [See also 4.]) دَنًا inf. n. of دَنِىَ, q. v. (T, M, K.) A2: أَدْنَى دَنًا: see ادنى.

هُوَ ابْنُ عَمّ دِنْىٍ and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and ↓ دُنْيَا mean [He is a son of a paternal uncle] closely related; syn. لَحًّا [q. v.]: when you pronounce the د with damm, you do not make the word perfectly decl.: when you pronounce it with kesr, you make it either perfectly or imperfectly decl.: but when you prefix عَمّ to a determinate noun, دِنْى may not be in the gen. case: for instance, you say, هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ دِنْيًا, i. e. [He is the son of his paternal uncle] closely related; as also ↓ دِنْيَةٌ; because دِنْى, being indeterminate, cannot be an epithet applied to that which is determinate: (S:) and [in like manner] you say, هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّى, or ابن خَالِى, or ابن عَمَّتِى, or ابن خَالَتِى, or ابن أَخِى, or ابن أُخْتِى, (M, K,) all mentioned by Lh, the last two as on the authority of Aboo-Safwán, but all except the first and second as unknown to Ks and to As, (M,) followed by ↓ دِنْيَةٌ and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and ↓ دُنْيَا, (M, K, TA,) the last two without tenween, (TA; [and so written in the M; but in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, in the place of these two is put دُنْيًا, which is disallowed by J;]) meaning [He is the son of my paternal uncle, and the son of my maternal uncle, &c.,] closely related: (M, K:) and ↓ هُوَ عَمُّهُ دُنٌيَا and ↓ دِنْيَةً and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا [He is his paternal uncle closely related]: (Ks, T:) Lh says that the و is changed into ى in ↓ دِنْيَةً and دِنٌيًا because of the nearness of the kesreh and the weakness of the intervening letter, as is the case in فِتْيَةٌ and عِلْيَةٌ: but it seems that these words are originally ↓ دُنْيَا, i. e., by a relationship, or uterine relationship, nearer to me than others; and that the change of the letter is made only to show that the ى is that of the fem. of أَدْنَى. (M.) You say also, ↓ هُمْ رَهْطُهُ دِنْيَةً

They are his people, and his tribe, closely related. (S and TA in art. رهط.) دِنْيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in five places.

دُنْيَا fem. of أَدْنَى [q. v.].

دُنْيِىٌّ: see what next follows.

دُنْيَوِىٌّ: see what next follows.

دُنْيَاوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the present world, or state of existence; worldly:] a rel. n. from الدُّنْيَا; (T, S;) as also ↓ دُنٌيَوِىٌّ and ↓ دُنْيِىٌّ. (S.) دَنِىٌّ i. q. قَرِيبٌ [as meaning Near, in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (see 1, first sentence: and see also دَانٍ:) and a relation]: (T, S:) and a friend; or a sincere, or secret, or particular, friend; syn. خُلْصَانٌ. (T.) It has these significations (of قريب and خلصان) in the prov. كُلُّ دَنِىٍّ دُوَنهُ دَنِىٌّ [app. meaning There is a relation, or a friend, nearer than every other relation, or friend; like another prov., namely, دُونَ كُلِّ قُرَيْبَى قُرْبَى, for the meaning and application of which see art. قرب: Freytag renders it, “Quod attinet ad quemlibet propinquum (amicum), præter eum est propinquus:” (Arab. Prov. ii. 357:) and he adds, “ Proverbii sensus esse videtur: Quilibet propinquus seu amicus unicus non est; sed præter eum est alius ”]: (T, Meyd:) so says Az. (Meyd.) b2: See also أَدْنَى.

A2: As an epithet applied to a man, signifying Weak; contemptible; &c.: see 1, near the end of the paragraph: [but J says that] as meaning دُونٌ, it is [دَنِىْءٌ,] with ء: (S:) the pl. is أَدْنِيَآءُ. (T, M.) [In the CK, by a mistranscription mentioned above (voce دَنِىَ), دَنْىٌ is made to signify the same.]

دَنِيَّهٌ A low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, habit, practice, or action; syn. نَقِيصَةٌ; (Mgh;) or such as is blamed; originally دَنِيْئَةٌ: (TA:) pl. دَنَايَا. (Har p. 327.) Hence the saying of Ibn-Háritheh, المَنِيَّةَ لَا الدَّنِيَّةَ, meaning I choose death rather than, or not, disgrace. (Har ubi suprà.) دَانٍ [Being, or becoming, near; drawing near, or approaching: and hence, near; like دَنِىٌّ:] act. part. n. of دَنَا مِنْهُ. (Msb.) أَدْنَى Nearer, and nearest; opposed to أَقْصَى: (TA:) fem. دُنْيَا; (M, TA;) in which the [radical] و is changed into ى, as in عُلْيَا and قُصْيَا: (ISd, TA voce بُقْوَى:) [the pl. of the masc. is أَدَانٍ and أَدْنَوْنَ; the latter in the accus. and gen. أَدْنَيْنِ: and] the pl. of the fem., دُنًى, (S, K, TA,) like كُبَرٌ pl. of كُبْرَى, and صُغَرٌ pl. of صُغْرَى; (S, TA;) said by some to be extr. and strange [in respect of usage]; and El-Mutanebbee has been blamed for using it; (MF, TA;) but in the case referred to he has used الدُّنَى for الدُّنْيَا, [not as a pl.,] suppressing the ى by poetic license. (TA.) [Hence,] غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِى أَدْنَى

الأَرْضِ, in the Kur xxx. 1 and 2, The Greeks have been overcome in the nearer, or nearest, part of the land. (Bd, Jel.) And الجَمْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heap of pebbles;] the heap of pebbles nearest to Minè. (TA. [See art. جمر.]) and السَّمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heaven; i. e. the lowest;] the heaven that is the nearest to us: (T, TA:) also called سَمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [which means the heaven of the present world; as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) See also exs. of the fem. in the paragraph commencing with the words هُوَ ابْنُ عَمٍّ دِنْىٍ, in four places. b2: Also Former, and first; and fore, and foremost; opposed to آخِرٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى دَنِىٍّ (S, K, TA) and ↓ أَدْنَى دَنًا, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, ادنى دَنّىٰ and ادنى دَنِىٍّ,]) i. e. I met him the first thing. (S, K.) [And أَدْنَى الفَمِ The fore, or foremost, part of the mouth.] And الدُّنْيَا [ for الدَّارُ الدُّنْيَا, and الحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا, The former dwelling, or abode, and life; i. e. the present world, and life, or state of existence]; contr. of الآخِرَةُ: (M, K:) [or] it is so called because of its nearness: (T, S:) [and may be rendered the sublunary abode, &c.: and the inferior abode, &c. It also signifies The enjoyments, blessings, or good, of the present world, or life; worldly blessings or prosperity, &c.] And sometimes it is with tenween, (K, TA,) when used indeterminately: (TA:) [thus,] IAar mentions the saying مَا لَهُ دُنْيًا وَ لَا آخِرَةٌ [as meaning He has none of the enjoyments, or blessings, of the present world, nor in prospect any enjoyments, or blessings, of the world to come]; with tenween. (M, TA.) And you say, بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِآخِرَتِهِ [He purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the expense of his enjoyments of the world to come]. (Z, TA in art. بيع.) And اَبْنُ الدُّنْيَا means The rich man. (Msb in art. بنى.) b3: Also More, and most, apt, fit, or proper: thus in the Kur [xxxiii. 59], in the phrase ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يُعَرَفْنَ [That will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper, that they may be known]; (Ksh, Mgh;) i. e., that they may be known to be free women, as distinguished from female slaves, who did not cover their faces. (Jel.) b4: Also Less [in number or quantity &c.], and least [therein]; opposed to أَكْثَرُ. (TA.) وَلَا أَدْنَى مِنْ ذٰلِكَ وَلَاأَكْثَرَ, in the Kur [lviii. 8], means Nor less in number than that, nor more in number. (Bd.) and وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَكْبَرِ, in the Kur [xxxii. 21, lit. And we will assuredly make them to taste of the smaller punishment besides the greater punishment], means, accord. to Zj, whatever punishment is inflicted in the present world and the punishment of the world to come. (M.) b5: Also Worse, [or inferior in quality,] and worst; or more, and most, low, ignoble, base, vile, mean, or weak; opposed to خَيْرٌ. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 58], أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِى هُوَ

أَدْنَى بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ [Will ye take in exchange that which is worse, or inferior, for that which is better? or], accord. to Zj, meaning that which is less in value [for that which is better]? ادنى

being thus, without ء: Fr says that it is here from الدَّنَآءَةٌ: and Zuheyr El-Kurkubee [or (accord. to some) El-Furkubee] read أَدْنَأُ. (T.) مُدْنٍ and مُدْنِيَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, (M, K,) and to a woman, (M,) Near to bringing forth. (M, K.) مُدَنٍّ, applied to a man, Weak; (S, TA;) contemptible (خَسِيسٌ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters; [like دَنِىٌّ;] (TA;) or falling short of accomplishing that which it behooves him to do: (AHeyth, T:) also, for the sake of rhyme, [by poetic license,] written مُدَنْ. (T.)

بدو

1 بَدَا, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـْ (S, Msb,) inf. n. بُدُوٌّ (S, M, Msb, K) and بَدْوٌ and بَدَآءٌ (M, K) and بَدَآءَةٌ (K) and بَدًا, (M, on the authority of Sb,) for which last we find, in [some of] the copies of the K, بُدُوٌّ, a repetition, (TA,) or بُدُوْءٌ, (so in other copies of the K,) It appeared; it became apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident: (T, S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ تبدّى

[signifies the same; or he showed himself, or it showed itself; (see an ex. in art. جيش, voce جَاشَ, last sentence;) or] he, or it, came in sight, or within sight. (KL.) b2: بَدَا لَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ, (T, M, Msb, K, and Har p. 665,) inf. n. بَدْوٌ (M, K) and بَدًا (M, and so in a copy of the K) and بَدَآءٌ, (T, M, and so in the CK,) or بَدَآءَةٌ and بَدَاةٌ; (as in some copies of the K;) or ↓ بَدَا لَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ بَدَآءٌ, (S, IB,) the last word being in the nom. case because it is the agent; (IB, TA;) An opinion presented itself, or occurred, to him, or arose in his mind, syn. نَشَأَ, (S, K, and Har ubi suprà,) or appeared to him, (M,) [respecting the affair, or case,] different from his first opinion, so that it turned him therefrom: (Har ubi suprà:) or there appeared to him, respecting the affair, or case, what did not appear at first: (Msb:) accord. to Fr, ↓ بَدَا لِى بَدَآءٌ means another opinion appeared to me: accord. to Az, بَدَا لِى بَدًا means my opinion changed from what it was. (TA.) Esh-Shemmàkh says, لَــعَلَّكَ وَ المَوْعُودُ حَقٌّ وَفَاؤُهُ بَدَا لَكَ فِى تِلْكَ القَلُوصِ بَدَآءُ [May-be (but it is right that the promise be fulfilled) an opinion different from thy first opinion hath arisen in thy mind respecting that youthful she-camel]. (M, TA.) ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا رَأَوُا الْآيَاتِ لَيَسْجُنَنَّهُ, in the Kur [xii.35], means بَدَا وَقَالُوا لَيَسْجُنُنَّهُ ↓ لَهُمْ بَدَآءٌ, [i.e. Then an opinion arose in their minds, after they had seen the signs of his innocence, and they said that they should certainly imprison him,] because ليسجننّه, being a proposition, cannot be the agent: so says Sb. (M.) بَدَا لِلّهِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُمْ, occurring in a trad., means (tropical:) God determined that He would slay them: for, as IAth says, بَدَآءٌ signifies the deeming to be right a thing that is known after its having been not known; and this may not be attributed to God: but as is said by Suh, in the R, one may say, [of God,] بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا, [properly signifying It occurred to him, or appeared to him, that he should do such a thing,] as meaning (tropical:) He desired to do such a thing; [as also بَدَا لَهُ فِى فِعْلِ كَذَا;] and thus the phrase in the trad., here mentioned, has been explained. (TA.) [One says also, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا مَا بَدَا لَكَ Do thou thus as long as it seems fit to thee: see, a verse of El-Ahmar cited voce جَلَّ.] b3: بَدَا القَوْمُ, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. بَدْوٌ, (S,) or بَدَآءٌ; (M, K;) [the latter of which is said in the TA to be the right;] or بَدَا إِلَى البَادِيَةِ, inf. n. بَدَاوَةٌ and بِدَاوَةٌ; (Msb;) The people, or company of men, went forth to the بَادِيَة [or desert]: (M, Msb, K:) or, the former, went forth to their بَادِيَة: (S:) or went forth from the region, or district, of towns or villages or of cultivated land, to the pasturingplaces in the deserts: (T:) [ISd says,] بَدْوٌ may be used as meaning بِدَاوَةٌ, which is the contr. of حِضَارَةٌ: (M:) [J says,] بَدَاوَةٌ and بِدَاوَةٌ signify the dwelling, or abiding, in the بَادِيَة [or desert]; the contr. of حِضَارَةٌ: but Th says, I know not بَدَاوَةٌ, with fet-h, except on the authority of Az alone: (S:) As says that بداوة and حضارة are with kesr to the ب and fet-h to the ح; but Az says the reverse, i. e. with fet-h to the ب and kesr to the ح: (T:) both are also explained as signifying the going forth to the بَادِيَة: and some mention بُدَاوَةٌ, with damm; but this is not known: (TA:) ↓ تبدّى like wise signifies he went forth from the constant sources of water to the places where herbage was to be sought [in the desert]; (T;) or he dwelt, or abode, in the بَادِيَة. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ بَدَا جَفَا, i. e. He who abides in the desert becomes rude, rough, coarse, or uncivil, like the desert-Arabs. (S.) And in another, كَانَ يَبْدُو إِلَى هٰذِهِ التِّلَاعِ [He used to go forth to these water-courses in the desert, or these high grounds, or low grounds, &c.]. (TA.)b4: [Hence,] بَدَا He voided his excrement, or ordure; (M, K;) as also ↓ ابدى (T, K) [and ابدأ]: because he who does so goes forth from the tents or houses into the open country. (T.) A2: بَدَانِى بِكَذَا, aor. ـْ is like بَدَأَنِى [i. e. He began with me by doing such a thing]. (M, TA.) A3: بَدِيَتِ الأَرْضُ The land produced, or abounded with, بَدَاة, i. e. truffles: (K, * TA:) or had in it truffles. (TK.) b2: And The land had in it بَدَاة, meaning dust, or earth. (K, * TK.) 2 بدّى, inf. n. تَبْدِيَةٌ, He showed, or made apparent, a want that occurred, or presented itself, to him. (TA.) [See بدَآءَةٌ.] b2: He sent forth a horse [or beast] to the place of pasture [app. in the بَادِيَة, or desert]. (TA, from a trad.) 3 مُبَادَاةٌ The going, or coming, out, or forth, in the field, to encounter another in battle, or war. (TA.) b2: And [more commonly] The showing open enmity, or hostility, with any one: (KL, TA:) [a meaning more fully expressed by the phrase مُبَادَاةٌ بِالعَدَاوَةِ: for you say,] بَادَى بِالعَدَاوَةِ He showed open enmity, or hostility, [with another;] syn. جَاهَرَ بِهَا; (S, K; *) as also ↓ تبادى: (K:) or you say, بالعدواة ↓ تبادوا they showed open enmity, or hostility, one with another; syn. تَجَاهَرُوا بِهَا. (S.) You say also, بادى النَّاسَ بِأَمْرِهِ He showed, or revealed, to the people, or to men, his affair, or case. (TA.) [Thus, باداهُ بِالأَمْرِ and لَهُ الأَمْرَ ↓ ابدى signify the same; i. e. He showed, or revealed, to him the affair, or case.]

b3: And بادى بَيْنَهُمَا He measured, or compared, them both together, each with the other. (A, TA.) 4 ابداهُ He made it apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident; he showed, exhibited, manifested, evinced, discovered, or revealed, it; (S, M, Msb, K;) and it has been said [correctly, as will be seen below,] that ابدى عَنْهُ signifies the same. (MF, TA.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ يُبْدِ لَنَا صَفْحَتَهُ نَقَمَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ اللّٰهِ, i. e. (tropical:) Whoso showeth, or revealeth, to us his deed [or crime] which he was concealing, [the book of God shall execute vengeance upon him, meaning] we will inflict upon him the punishment ordained by the book of God. (TA.) ابدى لَهُ صَفْحَتَهُ also means (tropical:) He showed open enmity, or hostility, with him. (A and TA in art. صفح.) And ابدى عَنْ قَعْرِهِ, said of water, means It showed its bottom, by reason of its clearness. (L in art. مكد.) See also 3. b2: أَبْدَيْتَ فِى مَنْطِقِكَ Thou deviatedst, or hast deviated, from the right way in thy speech. (S.) b3: See also 1.5 تبدّى: see 1, in two places.

A2: In the common dial. of the people of El-Yemen, it signifies He ate the morning-meal; syn. تَغَدَّى. (TA.) 6 تبادى: see 3, in two places. b2: Also He affected to be like, or imitated, the people of the بَادِيَة [or desert]. (S, K.) بَدٍ: see بَدْوٌ, in two places.

بَدًا The excrement from the anus (M, K *) of a man. (M.) [And بَدَآءٌ, from أَبْدَأَ, signifies the same.] b2: A joint (مَفْصِل) of a man; (AA, M, K;) as also بَدْءٌ: (AA, M:) pl. أَبْدَآءٌ. (AA, M, K.) A2: بَدَا for بَدًا: see بَدْوٌ, in two places.

بَدْوٌ: see بَادِيَةٌ: A2: and see also بَادٍ.

A3: Also The first of a thing; originally [بَدْءٌ,] with hemzeh: (Har p. 583:) and ↓ بَدِىٌّ, also, [originally بَدِىْءٌ,] signifies the first: (TA:) [and ↓ بَدٍ and ↓ بَدَا, the latter for بَدًا, are used for بَدْءٍ.

Hence,] one says, ↓ اِفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ بَادِى بَدٍ, (S,) or بَادِىَ بَدٍ, (M, K,) and ↓ بَادِى بَدِى, (Fr, S, M,) or بَادِىَ بَدِى, (as in some copies of the K,) or ↓ بادى بَدِىٍ, (as in other copies of the K and in the TA,) and ↓ بَادَىَ بَدًا, (M, K,) mentioned by Sb, who says that it is without tenween, though analogy does not forbid its being with tenween, (M,) meaning Do thou that first; (S, TA;) or, the first thing: (Fr, TA:) originally [بَادِئَ بَدْءٍ, &c.,] with hemz. (S, K. [See بَدْءٌ.]) Hence also the phrase, ↓ الحَمْدُلِلٰهِ بَدِيًّا [Praise be to God in the first place]. (TA.) بَدِي for بَدٍ: see بَدْوٌ.

بَدَاةٌ: see بَدَآءٌ: b2: and see also بَادِيَةٌ.

A2: Also, (K, TA,) like قَطَاةٌ, (TA, [but in the CK بَدْأَة, q. v.,]) Truffles; syn. كَمْأَةٌ. (K.) b2: And Dust, or earth. (K.) بَدْوَةٌ Either side of a valley. (AHn, M, K.) بَدَوِىٌّ [Of, or belonging to, or relating to, the بَدْو, or desert: and, used as a subst., a man, and particularly an Arab, of the desert:] a rel. n. from بَدْوٌ, (S, M, K,) extr. [with respect to rule], (M, K,) for by rule it should be بَدْوِىٌّ; (ElTebreezee, TA;) or it is an irregular rel. n. from بَادِيَةٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ بَدَاوِىٌّ and ↓ بِدَاوِىٌّ are similar rel. ns., (M, K,) from بَدَاوَةٌ and بِدَاوَةٌ, as syn. with بَدْوٌ and بَادِيَةٌ, agreeably with rule; or the former of these two may be a rel. n. from بَدْوٌ and بَادِيَةٌ, and therefore extr. [with respect to rule]; but it is said that when a rel. n. may be regarded as regular or irregular, it is more proper to regard it as regular; (M;) or the former is a rel. n. signifying of, or belonging to, or relating to, البَدَاوَة as meaning the dwelling, or abiding, in the desert, (S, TA,) accord. to the opinion of Az; and the latter is a rel. n. from البِدَاوَة accord. to the opinion of As and others; and is held by Th to be the chaste form: (TA:) but بَدَوِىٌّ is the only one of these rel. ns. that is known to the common people: (M:) it is opposed to a townsman or villager. (TA.) [The pl. is بَدَاوَى, and vulg. بِدْوَانٌ. See also بَادٍ, often applied to a man as syn. with بَدَوِىٌّ.]

بَدَوَاتٌ: see بَدَآءٌ, in three places.

بَدَآءٌ [An opinion that occurs to one, or arises in the mind; and particularly one that is different from a former opinion;] a subst. from بَدَا in the phrase بَدَا لَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ. (Msb.) See 1, in four places. One says also, ↓ هُوَ ذُو بَدَوَاتٍ He is one who has various opinions occurring to him, or arising in his mind, (IDrd, S, * K, * and Har p. 665,) of which he chooses some and rejects others: (IDrd, TA:) it is said in praise, (IDrd, TA, and Kzz in Har ubi suprà,) and sometimes in dispraise: (Kzz in Har ubi suprà:) بَدَوَاتٌ is pl. of ↓ بَداةٌ, [which is therefore syn. with بَدَآءٌ,] like as قَطَوَاتٌ is pl. of قَطَاةٌ. (IDrd, TA, and Har ubi supra.) One says likewise ↓ أَبُو البَدَوَاتِ, meaning The father [i. e. originator] of opinions that present themselves to him. (IDrd, TA.) and ↓ السُّلْطَانُ ذُو عَدَوَاتٍ وَذُو بَدَوَاتٍ (S, [in which the context indicates it to mean The Sultán is characterized by deviations from the right way:] but accord. to SM, it is) a trad., meaning the Sultán ceases not to have some new opinion presenting itself to him. (TA.) بِدَآءٌ, in the common dial. of the people of ElYemen, signifies The morning-meal; syn. غَدَآءٌ. (TA.) بَدِىٌ: see بَادِيَةٌ: b2: and see بَدْوٌ, in three places. b3: Also, [or بِئْرٌ بَدِىٌّ,] originally بَدِىْءٌ, q. v. in art. بدأ, (TA,) A well: (T:) or a well that is not ancient: (TA:) pl. بُودَانٌ, formed by transposition from بُدْيَانٌ. (T.) بَدَآءَةٌ What appears, or becomes apparent, of wants, or needful things: pl. بَدَاآتٌ; for which one may also say, بَدَاوَاتٌ. (T.) These two pls. also signify Wants that appear, or become apparent, to one. (TA.) [The latter of them is likewise pl. of what next follows.]

بَدَاوَةٌ and بِدَاوَةٌ: see بَادِيَةٌ. b2: The former also signifies The first that appears, or becomes apparent, of a thing. (Lh, M, K.) [See بَدَآءَةٌ.]

بَدَاوِىٌّ and بِدَاوِىٌّ: see بَدَوِىٌّ.

بَادٍ Appearing, or apparent; or becoming, or being, apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident. (Msb.) [Hence,] بَادِىَ الرَّأْىِ At the [first] appearance of opinion; (Fr, Lh, M;) or according to the appearance of opinion; (Zj, S, K; *) which may mean either insincerely or inconsiderately: (Zj, TA:) so in the Kur xi. 29; (Zj, S;) where only AA read it with hemz: (TA:) if with hemz, it is from بَدَأْتُ, and means at first thought, or on the first opinion. (S; and Lh in M, art. بدأ: see بَدْءٌ.) For بَادِى بَدٍ, or بَادِىَ بَدٍ, and بَادِى بَدِى, &c., see بَدْوٌ, in four places. b2: بَادِى

بَدِى is sometimes used as a name for Calamity, or misfortune: it consists of two nouns made one, like مَعْدِىْ كَرِبَ. (S.) b3: بَادٍ also signifies A man going forth to the بَادِيَة [or desert]: (M, * Msb, K, * TA:) or one who is in the بَادِيَة, dwelling in the tents, and not remaining in his place: (TA:) pl. بَادُونَ and بُدًّا [in the TA erroneously said to be بُدًى like هُدًى] and بُدَّآءٌ: (M, K:) and ↓ بَدْوٌ is a quasi-pl. n. of بَادٍ; (M, TA;) or is for أَهْلُ بَدْوٍ, meaning people who go forth to the desert; (M;) or it means dwellers in the desert, or people of the desert: (MF:) ↓ بَادِيَةٌ also signifies the same as بَادُونَ, i. e. people migrating from the constant sources of water, and going forth to the desert, seeking the vicinity of herbage; contr. of حَاضِرَةٌ; and بَوَادِى [or بَوَادٍ] is pl. of بَادِيَةٌ. (T.) بَادَاةٌ: see what next follows.

بَادِيَةٌ (T, S, &c.) A desert; so called because of its being open, or uncovered; (TA;) contr. of حَضَرٌ; (M, K;) as also ↓ بَدْوٌ, (S, * M, Msb, K,) and ↓ بَادَاةٌ, (M, K,) or ↓ بَدَاةٌ, (TA, [thought by SM to be the correct form because found by him in the M, in which I find باداة,]) and ↓ بَدِىٌّ, said to be used as syn. with بَادِيَةٌ in a verse of Lebeed cited among the exs. of the preposition بِ, p. 142, (TA,) and ↓ بدَاوَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ بِدَاوَةٌ; (M;) [of which the last two and the second (namely, بَدْوٌ,) seem to be originally inf. ns.; see 1:] or a land in which are no towns or villages or cultivated soil: (Lth, T:) or the places to which people migrate from the constant sources of water, when they go forth to the desert, seeking the vicinity of herbage; also termed مَبَادٍ, which is syn. with مَنَاجِعُ, contr. of مَحَاضِرُ, and pl. of ↓ مَبْدًى, (T,) this last signifying the contr. of مَحْضَرٌ: (S:) the pl. of بَادِيَةٌ is بَوَادٍ. (T, Msb.) b2: See also بَادٍ.

مَبْدًى: pl. مَبَادٍ: see بَادِيَةٌ.

رَكِىٌّ مُبْدٍ Wells showing their water; having it uncovered by dust or earth; contr. of رَكِىٌ غَامِدٌ. (A in art. غمد.)