عظم
1 عَظُمَ, [
aor. ـُ
inf. n. عِظَمٌ (
S,
Msb,
K) and عَظَامَةٌ, (
Msb,
K,)
accord. to El-Isbahánee, primarily signifies He was, or became, great in his bone: then metaphorically said of anything كَبِير [or great], whether an object of sense or of intel-lect, a substance or an accident: (
TA:)
i. q. كَبُرَ, (
S,
TA,) said of a thing [as meaning it was, or became, great, big, or large], (
S,
Msb,
TA,) in length and breadth and thickness: (
TA:) [and in like manner, metaphorically, said of an object of intellect; meaning it was, or became, great in estimation or rank or dignity; and thus also said of a man: or it imports more than كَبُرَ; signifying it was, or became, great in comparison with other things of its kind; huge, enormous, or vast; and in a similar sense it is said of a man; and in an incomparably higher sense, of God: (see عَظِيمٌ, below:)] and ↓ ا
عظم said of an affair, or event, signifies [like
عَظُمَ] it became عَظِيم. (
TA.)
عِظَمٌ is the
contr. of صِغَرٌ. (
K.)
b2: عَظُمَ عِنْدَهُ, and
عَظُمَ عَلَيْهِ: see 6, in three places: and see also 4.
And مَا يَـ
ـعْظُمُــنِى [which is similar in meaning to ما يَـ
ـعْظُمُ عَلَىَّ if not a mistranscription for ما يُـ
ـعْظِمُــنِى]: see 4.
b3: In the case of expressing wonder, one says,
عُظْمَ البَطْنُ بَطْنُكَ [How great is the belly, thy belly !], contracting
عَظُمَ, and transferring the vowel of its middle letter to [the place of] its first; and thus one does in the case of that which denotes praise or blame, and of whatever [verb] may be well used in the manner of نِعْمَ, and بِئْسَ: but what may not be thus used does not admit of the transferring, though it may be contracted; so that you may say, حَسُنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ and حَسْنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ and حُسْنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ, but not قَدْ حُسْنَ الوَجْهُ وَجْهُكَ. (
S.)
A2: عَظَمَ الكَلْبَ,
inf. n. عَظْمٌ, He gave the dog a bone to eat; as also ↓ ا
عظمــهُ. (
K.)
b2: And
عَظَمَ فُلَانًا,
inf. n. عَظَمَــةٌ (
K,
TA) and
عَظَمٌ, (
TA,) He struck such a one upon his bones. (
K,
TA.) 2
عظّمــهُ,
inf. n. تَعْظِيمٌ; and ↓ ا
عظمــهُ; [He made it great, big, or large: see إِعْظَامَةٌ.
b2: and hence,] He magnified, honoured, or treated with respect or reverence or veneration, him, [generally meaning thus, i. e. a person,] or it, (
S,
Msb,
K,) i. e. an affair. (
S.) [One says, فَعَلْتُ كَذَا تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ I did thus for the purpose of rendering honour &c. to him, or it.]
b3: عظّم المَطَرُ,
inf. n. as above, The rain moistened to the measure of the
عَظَمَــة [or thick part] of the arm. (
TA voce أَسَّلَ [
q. v.])
A2: عظّم الشَّاةَ,
inf. n. as above, He cut up the sheep, or goat, bone by bone. (
K.) 4 ا
عظم as
intrans.: see 1, former half.
A2: ا
عظمــهُ: see 2:
b2: and 10, in two places.
b3: One says also, أَـ
ـعْظَمَــنِى مَا قُلْتَ, meaning ↓ هالَنِى وَـ
ـعَظُمَ عَلَىَّ [i. e. What thou saidst frightened me, or terrified me, and was grievous, or distressing, in its effect upon me (like كَبُرَ عَلَىَّ)]: and ↓ مَا يَـ
ـعْظُمُــنِى
أَنْ أَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ [if not a mistranscription for ما يُـ
ـعْظِمُــنِى], meaning مَا يَهُولُنِى [My doing that will not frighten me, or terrify me]. (
TA.)
A3: ا
عظم الكَلْبَ: see 1, last sentence but one.
5 تـ
ـعظّم [He made himself to appear great, big, or large: as is indicated by an explanation of the word رُفَاعَة in the
S, in art. رفع.
b2: and hence,] He magnified himself; or behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; as also ↓ استـ
ـعظم; (
S,
Msb,
K;) [and so ↓ تعاظم:
b3: whence one says, تـ
ـعظّم عَنْهُ and عنه ↓ تعاظم, both of which occur in the
K, the former in art. ابه in explanation of تَأَبَّهَ عَنْ كَذَا, and the latter in art. جل in explanation of تَجَالَّ عَنْهُ; both meaning He held himself above it, disdained it, or was disdainful of it.]
b4: [تَـ
ـعَظَّمَ اللّٰهُ and ↓ تَعَاظَمَ may be best rendered Incomparable in greatness, or majesty, is God.]
A2: See also 10.
6 تعاظم as
intrans.: see 5, in three places:
b2: and see
عَظَمَــةٌ.
A2: [تعاظمهُ signifies It was, or became, عَظِيم i. e. great, &c., in comparison with it.] One says, سَيْلٌ لَا يَتَعَاظَمُهُ شَىْءٌ, meaning [A torrent] in comparison with which nothing will be great. (
TA.) And أَصَابَنَا مَطَرٌ لَا يَتَعَاظَمُهُ شَىْءٌ i. e. عِنْدَهُ ↓ لَا يَـ
ـعْظُمُ [meaning, in like manner, Rain in comparison with which (
lit. in juxtaposition to which) nothing will be great fell upon us]. (
S,
TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ يَتَعَاظَمُهُ شَىْءٌ (
K, *
TA) [This is an affair] in comparison with which nothing will be great. (
K,
TA.)
b2: تعاظمهُ said of an affair, or event, (أَمْرٌ,
S,
Msb,
TA,) signifies (
Msb,
K,
TA) also (
K,
TA) عَلَيْهِ ↓
عَظُمَ [i. e. It was, or became, of great magnitude, or moment, or importance; or of great gravity; or (like كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ) difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome; in its effect upon him]. (
Msb,
K,
TA.) In a
trad., God is related to have said, لَا يَتَعَاظَمُنِى ذَنْبٌ أَنْ
أَغْفِرَهُ, meaning عَلَىَّ ↓ لَا يَـ
ـعْظُمُ and عِنْدِى [i. e. A sin is not difficult, &c., to me to forgive it; like as one says, لَا يَكْبُرُ عَلَىَّ and عِنْدِى]. (
TA.) 10 استـ
ـعظم as
intrans.: see 5.
A2: استـ
ـعظمــهُ He reckoned it, (
S,) or he saw it, or judged it, to be, (
Mgh,
Msb,
K,) عَظِيم [i. e. great, &c.]; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓ ا
عظمــهُ, (
Mgh,
K,) which latter is mentioned by
ISd, but disapproved by him: one says, ↓ سَمِعْتُ خَبَرًا فَأَـ
ـعْظَمْــتُهُ [I heard a narration and I judged it to be of great moment, &c.]: (
TA:) and ↓ تـ
ـعظّم is thought by
ISd to mean he looked upon [a thing] as عَظِيم. (
TA in art. شرف.)
b2: Also, He took the greater, or main, part of it, (
K,
TA,) namely, a thing. (
TA.)
عَظْمٌ The قَصَب [here meaning bone, but properly applied to the bones of the hands and feet, or of the arms and legs,] of an animal, upon which is the flesh: (
K:) [
dim. ↓ عُظَيْمٌ:]
pl. [of mult.] عِظَامٌ (
S,
Msb,
K) and عِظَامَةٌ, with ة as characteristic of the
fem. gender, (
K,) and [of pauc.] أَـ
ـعْظُمٌ. (
Msb,
K.)
b2: [And
app. A portion of a camel slaughtered for distribution in the game called المَيْسِر: Freytag explains it as signifying, in the Deewán of the Hudhalees, “portio animalis mactati in ludo alearum: ” and having for its
pl. أَـ
ـعْظُمٌ.]
b3: عَظْمُ وَضَّاحٍ, or وَضَّاحٍ ↓ عُظَيْمُ, is the name of A certain game of the Arabs, (
K,
TA,) of the children of the Arabs of the desert, (
L in art. وضح,) in which they throw in the night a piece of bone, (
TA,) or a white bone, (
L in art. وضح,) and he who lights upon it overcomes his companions: when one of the two parties overcame, he, or they, used to ride those of the other party from the place in which they found it to the place from which they threw it, saying, عُظَيْمَ وَضَّاحٍ ضِحَنَّ اللَّيْلَهْ وَلَا تَضِحَنَّ بَعْدَهَا مِنْ لَيْلَهْ [O little bone of a thing very apparent, do thou appear to-night, and do not thou appear any night after it]. (
TA.)
b4: عَظْمُ الرَّحْلِ The wood of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل, without أَنْسَاع [i. e. the broad, plaited, leathern bands with which it is bound], and without any gear. (
S,
K.)
b5: عَظْمُ الفَدَّانِ The broad board of the plough, (
K,
TA,) at the head of which is the iron [or share] whereby the earth is cloven: and عَضْم is a
dial. var. thereof. (
TA.)
b6: عَظْمٌ is also a
dial. var. of عَضْمٌ signifying A winnowing-fork. (
AHn,
TA in art. عضم,
q. v.)
b7: And a
dial. var. of عَضْمٌ as signifying The handle, or part that is grasped by the hand, of a bow. (
AHn,
TA in art. عضم.)
A2: See also مُـ
ـعْظَمٌ.
عُظْمٌ: see
عَظَمَــةٌ:
A2: and see مُـ
ـعْظَمٌ, in three places.
عَظَمُ الطَّرِيقِ The main part, or middle, or beaten track, of the road. (
K.)
عُظْمَــةٌ: see إِعْظَامَةٌ.
عَظَمَــةٌ Self-magnification, pride, haughtiness, or insolence; (
S,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓
عُظْمٌ (
S,
K) and ↓ عُظَّامَةٌ and ↓
عَظَمُــوتٌ: (
K:) as an
attribute of a human being, it is [generally] blamable: (
Az,
K,
TA:) [but] one says, لِفُلَانِ
عَظَمَــةٌ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ meaning To such a one belongs a title to honour, or respect, in the estimation of men; and ↓ لَهُ تَعَاظُمٌ likewise: and ↓ إِنَّهُ لَعَظِيمُ المَعَاظِمِ i. e. Verily he is great in respect of the title that he has to honour, and of the rights that are held in high account; one to whom it is incumbent [on others] to pay regard, or consideration. (
TA.)
b2: As an
attribute of God, it is not to be ascribed to a human being; (
Az,
K,
TA;) for, in relation to Him [it means Incomparable greatness or majesty, and] it is not to be specified by the ascription of its quality, nor defined, nor likened to anything. (
TA.)
b3: Also The thick part of the fore arm; (
S;) the half next the elbow, of the fore arm, in which is the [main] muscle; the half next the hand being called the أَسَلَة. (
Lh,
K.)
b4: and The thick part of the tongue, (
K,
TA,) above the عَكَدَة, which is the root thereof. (
TA.)
b5: عَظَمَــاتُ القَوْمِ The chiefs, and nobles, of the people, or party. (
K, *
TA.)
b6: See also إِعْظَامَةٌ.
عَظِمَــةٌ A female that desires great أُيُور [
pl. of أَيْرٌ,
q. v.]; as also ↓ مَعْظُومَةٌ. (
K.)
عَظْمِــىٌّ [in the
CK عَظْمٰى, but it is a rel.
n.,] A pigeon inclining to whiteness; (
K,
TA;)
app. so called in relation to the bone (الـ
ـعَظْم), by reason of its whiteness. (
TA.)
عَظَمُــوتٌ: see
عَظَمَــةٌ, first sentence.
عُظَامٌ: see the next paragraph.
عَظِيمٌ Having the quality denoted by the verb
عَظُمَ; [i. e. great, big, or large; &c.;] (
S,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓ عُظَامٌ (
S,
K,
TA) in an intensive sense [i. e. signifying very great &c.], (
TA,) and ↓ عُظَّامٌ (
K,
TA) in a more intensive sense than عُظَامٌ [i. e. signifying very very great &c.]: (
TA:) or عَظِيمٌ signifies esteemed great &c. by another or others; differing from كَبِيرٌ, which signifies “ great &c. in itself: ” (El-Fakhr Er-
Rázee,
TA:) or the former is the
contr. of حَقِيرٌ; [i. e. it signifies of great account or estimation;] and as حَقِيرٌ is inferior to صَغِيرٌ, so عَظِيمٌ is superior to كَبِيرٌ; (
Ksh and
Bd in ii. 6;) and signifies great, or the like, in comparison with other things of its kind: (
Bd ibid:) [it may therefore often be rendered huge, enormous, or vast: used metaphorically, as applied to an object of the intellect, it means great in estimation or rank or dignity; and thus as applied to a man: also of great magnitude or moment or importance: of great gravity: difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome: (see 6:) and formidable, or terrible. (
Bd in xxii. 1.) Hence one says, رَجُلٌ عَظِيمٌ فِى المَجْدِ وَالرَّأْىِ (
tropical:) [A man great in respect of glory, honour, dignity, or nobility, and of judgment, or opinion]. (
TA.) And رَمَاهُ بِعَظِيمٍ and ↓ بِمُـ
ـعْظَمٍ (assumed
tropical:) [He reproached him, or upbraided him, with, or he accused him of, a thing, or an act, of great gravity; or an enormity]: both mean the same. (
TA.) [The
pl. of عَظِيمٌ is عِظَامٌ and, applied to rational beings,
عُظَمَــآءُ.]
b2: العَظِيمُ as an
epithet applied to God is
syn. with الكَبِيرُ [signifying The Incomparably-great]. (
TA.) عُظَيْمٌ: and عُظَيْمُ وَضَّاحٍ: see
عَظْمٌ.
عِظَامَةٌ: see إِعْظَامَةٌ.
عَظِيمَةٌ A severe calamity or misfortune; as also ↓ مُـ
ـعْظَمَــةٌ; (
S,
K;) [and so ↓ مُـ
ـعْظَمٌ, thus in a verse cited in the
S in art. ولب:]
pl. of the first عَظَائِمُ; and of the second ↓ مَعَاظِمُ. (
TA.)
b2: [And A great crime or the like; a meaning well known: so I have rendered it
voce صَخَّ: in art. طمر in the O and
TA, its
pl. عَظَائِمُ, is rendered by ذُنُوب: see مُطَمَّرٌ.]
A2: See also إِعْظَامَةٌ.
عِظَامِىٌّ [a rel.
n. from عِظَامٌ,
pl. of
عَظْمٌ]: see عِصَامِىٌّ, in art. عصم, in two places.
عُظَّامٌ: see عَظِيمٌ.
عُظَّامَةٌ: see
عَظَمَــةٌ:
A2: and see also what here follows.
إِعْظَامَةٌ and ↓ عِظَامَةٌ and ↓ عُظَّامَةٌ and ↓
عُظْمَــةٌ (
S,
K,
TA) [the last written in one of my copies of the
S عُظُمَّــة] and ↓ عَظِيمَةٌ (
TA) [and ↓
عَظَمَــةٌ (Freytag from the Deewán of Jereer)] A thing like a pillow (
Fr,
S) &c., (
Fr,) or a garment, or piece of cloth, (
K,) with which a woman makes her posteriors [to appear] large. (
Fr,
S,
K.) مُـ
ـعْظَمٌ The greater, main, [principal, chief,] or most, part or portion, [or body, or aggregate,] (
S,
Msb,
K,) of a thing [or of things], (
S,
Msb,) or of an affair, or event; (
K;) [the main, gross, mass, or bulk, of a thing or of things;] as also ↓
عُظْمٌ (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) and ↓
عَظْمٌ: (
Lh,
K:) or ↓
عُظْمٌ, it is said, [as also مُـ
ـعْظَمٌ in many cases,] signifies the middle, or midst, of a thing. (
TA.) It is said in a
trad. of Ibn-Seereen, مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ ↓ جَلَسْتُ إِلَى مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ
عُظْمٌ, meaning [I sat by an assembly in which was] a numerous company of the Ansár. (
TA.) [مُـ
ـعْظَمُ الحَرْبِ, and المَوْتِ, signify The thick, or thickest, or the main stress or struggle, of the fight or battle, and of death in battle: see رَحًى (near the end of the paragraph) in art. رحو and رحى.]
b2: [and
accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewan of the Hudhalees as signifying The harder parts of the body, as the neck, the thigh, &c.]
b3: See also عَظِيمٌ:
b4: and عَظِيمَةٌ.
مُـ
ـعْظَمَــةٌ; and its
pl., مَعَاظِمُ: see عَظِيمَةٌ.
b2: And for مَعَاظِمُ as a
pl. of which the
sing. is not mentioned, see
عَظَمَــةٌ.
مَعْظُومَةٌ A young weaned camel having a bone in his tongue broken, in order that he may not such. (
K.)
A2: مَعْظُومَةٌ: see
عَظِمَــةٌ.
