نجد

1 نَجَدَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, L,) inf. n. نَجْدٌ, (L, K,) He overcame, conquered, subdued, overpowered, prevailed over, or surpassed, him. (AO, S, L, K.) b2: نَجَدَ رَأْيَهُ فِى الأُمُورِ, inf. n. نَجْدٌ, He exerted his judgment in affairs. (Sh, L.) b3: نَجُدَ, (S, M, &c.,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. نَجَادَةٌ (M, L, K) and نَجْدَةٌ, (K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (M, L,) He (a man, S, L,) was, or became, courageous, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) and sharp, or vigorous and effective, in those affairs which others lack power or ability to accomplish: (M, L, K:) or, very valiant: or, quick in assenting to that which he was called or invited to do, whether it were good or evil. (M, L.) See also 10, and 4. b4: نَجِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. نَجَدٌ; (S, L;) or نُجِدَ, like عُنِىَ, inf. n. نَجْدٌ; (K;) He became [overcome,] afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, by sorrow, grief, or anxiety. (S, L, K.) b5: نَجِدَ, aor. ـَ (S, L,) and نَجُدَ, which is extr., (L,) [or properly the aor. of نَجُدَ,] inf. n. نَجَدٌ, (S, L,) He (a man, S) sweated, by reason of work, or of sorrow, grief, or anxiety: (S, L:) and ↓ أَنْجَدَ he (a man, TA) sweated. (K.) b6: نُجِدَ عَرَقًا, (K,) or نَجُدَ عَرَقًا, (L,) He, (L,) or it, namely the body, (K,) flowed with sweat. (L, K.) b7: نَجِدَ, aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. نَجَدٌ (K) He was, or became, stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; not penetrating, sharp, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; soft, without strength, or sturdiness, and without endurance: and weary, or fatigued. (K, TA.) b8: نَجُدَ He became terrified, or frightened. (L.) A2: نَجَدَ, (aor.

نَجُدَ, L,) inf. n. نُجُودٌ, It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, apparent, manifest, plain, or evident. (L, K.) b2: نَجَدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نُجُودٌ, It (a road) was, or became, apparent, manifest, conspicous, or plain. (L.) b3: أَعْطَاهُ الأَرْضَ بِمَا نَجَدَ مِنْهَا He gave him the land with what came forth from it. (L.) 2 نجّدهُ الدَّهْرُ, (inf. n. تَنْجِيدٌ, K,) Time, or habit, or fortune, tried, or proved, him, and taught him, (S, L,) and rendered him expert, or experienced, and well informed, (L,) or firm, or sound, in judgment: (K:) as also نجّذه, which is more approved. (L.) A2: نجّد, inf. n. تَنْجِيدٌ, He ran; syn. عَدَا. (K.) A3: نجّد, inf. n. تَنْجِيدٌ, He ornamented, or decorated, a house or tent (بيت) with the articles of furniture called نُجُود, pl. of نَجْدٌ: (S, * L, K: *) [and, accord. to present usage, he manufactured beds and the like, and pillows; and teased, separated, or loosened, cotton, for stuffing beds, &c., with the bow and mallet: see also نَجَّادٌ].3 ناجدهُ He went forth to him to fight, or combat. (A.) b2: ناجدت الإِبِلَ She (a camel) vied with the other camels in abundance of milk: she yielded abundance of milk when the other camels had little. (L, K. *) b3: See 4.4 انجد, (S, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِنْجَادٌ; (L;) and ↓ نَجَدَ, aor. ـُ (Msb;) and ↓ ناجد, inf. n. مُنَاجَدَةٌ; (S, L;) He aided, or assisted, another: (S, L, Msb, K;) he succoured him. (L.) b2: انجدهُ عَلَيْهِ He aided, or assisted, him against him. (L.) b3: انجد الدَّعْوَةَ (S, L, K) He answered, or complied with, the call, prayer, or invitation. (L, K.) And انجدهُ الدَّعْوَةَ He answered, or complied with, his call, prayer, or invitation. (M, L.) b4: انجد He was, or became, or drew, near to his family, or wife; expl. by قَرُبَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ. (Lh, ISd, K.) A2: انجدت السَّمَآءُ The sky became clear. (K.) b2: انجد (L, K) and ↓ تنجّد (K) He, or it, (a person, or thing, L, both said of such a thing as a mountain, TA,) became high, or lofty. (L, K.) b3: غَارَ وَأَنْجَدَ (assumed tropical:) He became famous in the low countries and in the high. (A.) b4: انجد, (inf. n. إِنْجَادٌ, L,) He entered upon the country of Nejd: (S, L:) or he came to Nejd, or to high land or country: (L, K:) or he went thither: (L:) or he went forth to, or towards, it. (Lh, ISd, L, K.) b5: أَنْجَدَ مَنْ رَأَى حَضَنَا, a proverb, He enters Nejd who sees Hadan, which is the name of a mountain; i. e., in going up from El-Ghowr, or El-Ghór. (S, L.) 5 تنجّد: see 4. b2: He swore a big oath. (L.) 10 استنجدهُ He asked, or desired, of him aid, or assistance, (S, L, K, *) and succour. (L.) b2: استنجد He (a man) became strong after having been weak, (S, L, K,) or sick. (TA.) b3: استنجد عَلَيْهِ, (S, L,) and بِهِ, (L, TA,) He became emboldened against him, (S, L, K,) and clave to him, (L,) after having regarded him with awe, or fear. (S, L, K.) b4: استنجد He became courageous after having been cowardly. (A.) See also نَجُدَ.

نَجْدٌ High, or elevated, land or country: (S, L, Msb, K:) or hard, and rugged, and elevated, or high, table-land: only stony and rugged, or hard, elevated land, like a mountain, standing over against one and intercepting his view of what is behind it, but not very high, is thus called: (L:) pl. أَنْجُدٌ, (S, L, K,) a pl. of pauc., (TA,) and أَنْجَادٌ, (L, K,) [also a pl. of pauc.,] and نِجَادٌ and نُجُودٌ (S. L, K) and نُجُدٌ; (IAar, L, K;) and pl. of نُجُودٌ, أَنْجِدَةٌ; [another pl. of pauc.;] (S, K;) or this is a mistake, and it is pl. of نِجَادٌ, like as أَحْمِرَةٌ is pl. of حِمَارٌ; or it is a pl. deviating from common rule. (IB, L.) You say أُعْلُ هَاتِيكَ النِّجَادَ Ascend thou these high lands; and هَاذَاكَ النِّجَادَ this high land, making it singular. (L.) b2: نَجْدٌ, (S, L, K, &c.,) and نَجُدٌ, (K,) the latter of the dial. of Hudheyl, (Akh,) of the masc. gender, [The high land, or country;] a division of the country of the Arabs; opposed to الغَوْرُ, [or the low country,] i. e., Tihámeh; all the high land from Tihámeh to the land of El-'Irák; (S, L;) above it are Tihámeh and El-Yemen, and below it El-'Irák and Esh-Shám; (K;) it begins, towards El-Hijáz, at Dhát-'Irk, (Msb, K,) and ends at Sawád of El-'Irák, and hence it is said to form no part of El-Hijáz: (Msb:) or it comprises all that is beyond the moat, or fosse, which Kisrà made to the Sawád of El-'Irák until one inclines to the Harrah (الحَرَّة), when he is in El-Hijáz; (El-Báhilee, T, L, Msb;) and it extends to the east of El-Ghowr, or El-Ghór; which is all the tract of which the torrents flow westwards: Tihámeh extends from Dhát-'Irk to the distance of two days' journey beyond Mekkeh: the tract beyond this, westward, is Ghowr, or Ghór; and beyond this, southwards, is Es-Saráh, as far as the frontiers of El-Yemen: (El-Báhilee, L:) or, as the Arabs of the desert have been heard to say, the country which one enters when, journeying upwards, he leaves behind him 'Ijliz, which is above El-Karyateyn, and which he quits when he descends from the mountain-roads of Dhát-'Irk, where he enters Tihámeh, and when he meets with the stony tracts termed حِرَار in Nejd, where El-Hijáz commences: (As, L:) or the high country from Batn-er-Rummeh to the mountain-roads of Dhát-'Irk: (ISk, L:) or the country from El-'Odheyb to Dhát-'Irk, and to El-Yemámeh, and to El-Yemen, and to the two mountains of Teiyi, and from El-Mirbed to Wejreh: Dhât-'Irk is the beginning of Tihámeh, extending to the sea and Juddeh: El-Medeeneh is not of Tihámeh nor of Nejd, but of El-Hijáz, higher than El-Ghowr, or El-Ghór, and lower than Nejd. (IAar, L.) b3: نَجْدٌ An elevated road: (S:) or an elevated and conspicuous road. (L, K.) A road in a mountain. (L.) [Hence طَلَّاعُ الأَنْجُدِ, expl. below, and in art. طلع.] b4: هَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ [Kur, xc. 10] We have shown him the two ways; the way of good and that of evil: (Beyd, Jel, L:) or the two conspicuous ways: (L:) b5: or We have given him the two breasts; (Beyd, L;) for نَجْدٌ also signifies a woman's breast; (L, K;) the belly beneath it being like the [country called] غَوْر. (TA.) b6: أَمَا وَنَجْدَيْهَا مَا فَعَلْتَ ذٰلِكَ Now, by her two breasts, didst thou not that? A form of oath of the Arabs. (MF.) b7: نَجْدٌ and ↓ نَاجِدٌ A thing, or an affair, apparent, manifest, plain, or evident. (L.) b8: هُوَ طَلَّاعُ أَنْجُدٍ, and طلّاع أَنْجِدَةٍ, (S, L, K,) and طلّاع نِجَادٍ, (L, K,) and الأَنْجُدِ, (K, art. طلع,) and النِجَادِ, (L, K,) (tropical:) He is one who surmounts difficult affairs: (A:) or he is one who manages affairs thoroughly, (L, K,) and masters them: (L:) or he is a man expert in affairs, who surmounts and masters them by his knowledge and experience and excellent judgment: or, who aims at lofty things: (K, art. طلع:) or he is one who rises to eminences, or to lofty things or circumstances, or to the means of attaining such things: (S:) as also طَلَّاعُ الثَّنَايَا. (S, K, art. طلع.) See نَجِدٌ, and مُنَاجِدٌ.

A2: نَجْدٌ, sing. of نُجُودٌ (A 'Obeyd, S, L, K) and of نِجَادٌ, (L, K,) which signify The articles of household farniture and the like (متاع) with which a house or tent (بيت) is ornamented, or decorated; (A 'Obeyd, S, L;) the carpets and beds or other things that are spread, and the pillows, used for that purpose: (L, K:) the cloths or stuffs used for this purpose, with which the walls are hung, and which are spread; (L;) the curtains which are hung upon the walls: (A:) and أَنْجَادٌ, pl. of نَجْدٌ, household furniture, consisting of such things as are spread, and pillows, and curtains. (L.) A3: نَجْدٌ A skilful, or an expert, guide of the way. (L, K.) A4: نَجْدٌ, (K,) or ↓ نُجُدٌ, (L,) A place in which are no trees. (L, K.) A5: نَجْدٌ A kind of tree resembling the شُبْرُم (L, K) in its colour and manner of growth and its thorns. (L.) نَجَدٌ Sweat, (S, L, K,) by reason of work, or of sorrow, grief, or anxiety, &c. (L.) A2: النَّجَدَاتُ A certain sect of the Khárijees, (S, L,) of those called the Harooreeyeh; (L;) the companions, (S, K,) or followers, (L,) of Nejdeh Ibn-'Ámir (S, L, K) El-Harooree (L) El-Hanafee, (S, L, K,) of the Benoo-Haneefeh; (TA;) also called ↓ النَّجْدِيَّةُ. (TA.) نَجُدٌ: see نَجِذٌ.

نَجِدٌ and ↓ نَجُدٌ and ↓ نَجِيدٌ (S, M, L, K) and ↓ نَجْدٌ (M, L, K) A courageous man, (S, M, L, K,) sharp, or vigorous and effective, in those affairs which others lack power or ability to accomplish: (M, L, K:) or courageous and strong: (Msb:) or very valiant: or quick in assenting to that which he is called or invited to do, whether it be good or evil: (M, L:) pl. of نَجُدٌ, أَنْجَادٌ, like as أَيْقَاظٌ is pl. of يَقُظٌ; (S, L;) or this is pl. of نَجْدٌ and نَجِدٌ; (Sb, M, L;) and not of نَجِيدٌ: (M, L:) the pl. of this last is نُجُدٌ and نُجَدَآءُ. (S, L.) b2: ↓ النَّجِيدُ The lion: (K:) so called because of his courage. (TA.) b3: نَجِدٌ فِى الحَاجَةِ A man quick in accomplishing that which is wanted, or needed. (S, L.) b4: نَجِدٌ and ↓ مَنْجُودٌ (L) and ↓ نَجِيدٌ (TA) and ↓ نَاجِدٌ, in which last the ا is perhaps inserted by poetic licence, (L,) Sweating, by reason of work, or of sorrow, grief, or anxiety, &c. (L, TA.) See also مَنْجُودٌ.

نُجُدٌ: see نَجْدٌ.

نَجْدَةٌ, a simple subst. (M, L,) Courage, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) and sharpness, or vigour and effectiveness, in those affairs which others lack power or ability to accomplish: (M, L:) or courage with steadiness, and calmness in awaiting fearlessly death, victory, or martyrdom: (EshShiháb [El-Khafájee]:) or great valour: or quickness in assenting to that which one is called or invited to do, whether it be good or evil. (M, L.) b2: ذُو نَجْدَةٍ A man possessing valour. (S, L.) See مُنَاجِدٌ. b3: نَجْدَةٌ Fight; combat; battle. (L, K.) b4: Terror; fright. (L, K.) b5: Difficulty; distress; affliction; adversity: (Lh, S, * L, Msb, * K: *) pl. نَجَدَاتٌ (Msb.) Ex.

لَاقَى فُلَانٌ نَجْدَةً Such a one experienced difficulty, distress, trouble, or adversity. (Lh, S, L.) b6: See also a saying of Sakhr-el-Ghei, and a citation from a trad., voce رِسْلٌ. b7: نَجْدَةٌ Aid; assistance. (Msb.) b8: هُوَ ابْنُ نَجْدَتِهَا (tropical:) He is ignorant thereof: contr. of هو ابن بَجْدَتِهَا. By نجدة is meant an allusion to Nejdeh El-Harooree. (A.) See نَجَدٌ.

نِجْدَةٌ, with kesr, Trial, or affliction, (بَلَاءٌ) [experienced] in wars. (Esh-Shiháb [El-Khafájee] and TA.) النَّجْدِيَّةُ: see نَجَدٌ.

نِجَادٌ The suspensory cords or strings of a sword: (S, K:) or the part thereof that lies upon the shoulder. (L.) b2: طَوِيلُ النِّجَادِ [lit., Having long suspensory cords or strings to his sword,] means (tropical:) a man of tall stature: for when a man is tall his نجاد must be long. (L.) نَجُودٌ, applied to a she-ass, and to a she-camel, Long-necked: (L, K:) or, so applied, (K,) or specially to a she-ass, (L,) or to a wild she-ass, (S,) that does not become pregnant: (S, L, K:) but Sh says, that this meaning is disapproved; and that the correct meaning is tall, applied to a she-ass: (L:) or tall; overpeering: (S, L:) or high and great: from نَجْدٌ [signifying “ high or elevated land ”]: (As, L:) pl. نُجُدٌ. (S, L, K.) b2: Also, applied to a she-camel, Sharp; spirited; vigorous: (L, K:) a correct meaning thus applied: (Sh:) or strong: (R:) one that precedes, or outgoes, others: (L, K:) or strong in spirit: (L:) pl. as above. (K.) b3: Also, so applied, Abounding with milk: (L, K:) and, that vies with the other camels in abundance of milk, (L, K,) and surpasses them therein, (L,) or yields abundance when they have little: (K:) [but for إِذَا غَزُرْنَ, in the copies of the K in my hands, meaning “ when they yield abundance of milk,”

I read اذا غَرَزْنَ:] pl. as above. (K.) b4: Also, so applied, That lies down upon a high, or elevated, place: (K:) or that will not lie down save upon high ground: (L:) pl. as above. (K.) b5: Also, An intelligent woman; sharp, or quick, in intellect: (K:) possessing judgment; as though she exerted her judgment in affairs: a strange meaning in which the word is used in a trad.: (Sh, L:) pl. as above. (K.) b6: See مَنْجُودٌ, and مُنَاجِدٌ.

A2: نَجُودٌ One who works in shaking and spreading and stuffing and arranging [those articles of household furniture which are called] نُجُود [pl. of نَجْدٌ]. (M, L.) See also نَجَّادٌ.

نَجِيدٌ: see نَجِدٌ, and مُنْجُودٌ.

نَجَّادٌ One who manufactures (يُعَالِج) beds and the like, and pillows; and sews them: (S, L, K:) [and, accord. to present usage, who teases, separates, or loosens, cotton, for stuffing beds &c., with the bow and mallet: as also ↓ مُنَجِّدٌ:] one who ornaments, or decorates, houses, and beds and the like, and carpets. (AHeyth, L.) See also نَجُودٌ.

نَاجِدٌ and ↓ مَنْجُودٌ Stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; not penetrating, sharp, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; soft, without strength, or sturdiness, and without endurance: and weary, or fatigued. (TA.) b2: See نَجِدٌ.

نَاجِدَةٌ, sing. of نَوَاجِدُ (L,) which signifies Streaks of fat (L, K) upon the shoulders of a camel: occurring in a trad.: so called because of their elevation. (L.) نَاجُودٌ Wine: (As, L, K:) or excellent wine: or the first wine that comes forth when the clay is removed from the mouth of the jar: (As, L:) of the masc. gender. (L.) b2: A wine-vessel: (K:) any vessel into which wine is put, (A 'Obeyd, S, K, *) such as a بَاطِيَة, (L,) or a جَفْنَة &c.: (A 'Obeyd, S, L:) or a wine-cup, or a cup of wine; syn. كَأْسٌ: (L:) or a vessel in which wine is cleared; (A;) a clarifier, or strainer for wine; syn. رَاوُوقٌ; (Lth, L;) which last is the meaning that most assign to the word. (TA.) b3: Saffron. (As, L, K.) b4: Blood. (As, L, K.) مِنْجَدٌ A small mountain (K, [in the CK, for جُبَيْل is put حُبَيْل,]) overlooking a valley. (TA.) b2: مِنْجَدٌ A kind of ornament, (L, K,) worn by women, (L,) adorned with gems, or jewels, (L, K,) one over another: (L:) a necklace of pearls and gold, or of cloves, a span in breadth, extending from the neck to the part beneath the breasts, and lying upon the place of the نِجَاد; (L, K;) i. e. of the نجاد of a man's sword: from نَجَّدَ البَيْتَ: (L:) pl. مَنَاجِدُ. (L, K.) مِنْجَدَةٌ A light staff or stick with which a beast of carriage is urged on. (K.) b2: A stick, or wooden instrument, with which wool is teased, or separated, i. q. مِنْدَفٌ (?) (TA,) and with which the حَقِيبَة of a camel's saddle is stuffed. (K, TA.) مِنْجَادٌ A man who aids, or assists, much or well. (Lh, L.) مَنْجُودٌ Overcome; conquered; subdued; overpowered: and fatigued. (L.) b2: مَنْجُودٌ and ↓ نَجِيدٌ (and ↓ نَجُودٌ applied to a female, R,) Afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, by sorrow, grief or anxiety. (S, L, K.) See also نَجِدٌ. b3: مُنْجُودٌ In a state of perishing or destruction. (L, K.) b4: See نَاجِدٌ.

مُنَجَّدٌ, as also مُنَجَّذٌ, (S, L,) which latter is the more approved, (L,) A man tried and strengthened by experience; expert, or experienced; (S, L, K;) who has had experience in affairs, and has estimated and understood them, and become well informed. (L.) مُنَجِّدٌ: see نَجَّادٌ.

مُنَاجِدٌ A fighter; a combatant. (S, L, K.) b2: An aider; an assistant; (K;) [and so, app., ↓ نَجْدٌ and ↓ نَجْدَةٌ and ↓ نَجُودٌ, mentioned in the A].

عرم

1 عَرَمَ, aor. ـُ and عَرَمَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَرَامَةٌ (S, K) and عُرَامٌ (S, * Msb, * K) and عَرْمٌ; (CK;) and عَرِمَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَرَمٌ; (Msb;) and عَرُمَ; (K; [in which the inf. ns. mentioned above follow this last form of the verb;] and so in a copy of the S in the place of عَرَمَ, with يَعْرُمُ only for the aor. ;) He was, or became, evil in disposition, or illnatured, and very perverse or cross or repugnant; (S, Msb, K; *) and sharp: (Msb:) or vehement, or strong: (K:) said of a boy, or child: (S:) or of a man: and, said of a boy, or child, (or so [particularly] عَرُمَ, inf. n. عَرَامَةٌ and عُرَامٌ, TA,) he behaved insolently and unthankfully, or ungratefully; syn. أَشِرَ, or مَرِحَ, or بَطِرَ; [all of which signify the same;] or he was, or became, bad, corrupt, or wicked; عَلَيْنَا [to us]. (K, TA.) And accord. to IAar, عَرَمَ, aor. ـُ signifies He was, or became, ignorant; as also عَرُمَ, and عَرِمَ. (TA.) [See also عَرَامٌ, below.] b2: عَرِمَ said of a bone, [app. when burnt,] aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَمٌ, accord. to the copies of the K i. q. فَتَرَ, but correctly فَتَرَ [i. e. It exhaled its scent, smell, or odour]. (TA.) A2: عَرَمَ فُلَانًا, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَامَةٌ, (TA,) He treated such a one with illnature, and exceeding perverseness or crossness or repugnance. (K, * TA.) b2: عَرَمَ العَظْمَ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ and عَرَمَ, inf. n. عَرْمٌ; (S;) and ↓ تعرّمهُ; (S, K;) are like عَرَقَهُ and تعرّقهُ; (S;) [i. e.] both signify He stripped off the flesh from the bone [with his fore teeth, eating it]. (K.) b3: And in like manner, (S,) عَرَمَتِ الإِبِلُ الشَّجَرَ The camels [cropped the trees; or] obtained [pasture] from the trees. (S, K.) b4: And عَرَمَ أُمَّهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرْمٌ, (TA,) He (a child) sucked the breast of his mother; (K, TA;) and so ثَدْىَ أُمِّهِ ↓ اعترم. (TA.) 2 تَعْرِيمٌ The act of mixing. (K.) One says, عرّمهُ بِهِ He mixed it with it. (TK.) 3 مُعَارَمَةٌ The contending in an altercation, disputing, or litigating; and occasioning فِتْنَة (i. e. conflict, or discord, or the like,) with another; syn. مُخَاصَمَةٌ; and مُفَاتَنَةٌ. (TA.) 4 اعرمهُ He brought upon him, meaning he induced him to do, a deed [of an evil nature] that he had not committed. (Ham p. 707.) 5 تعرّم العَظْمَ: see 1, latter half.8 اِعْتِرَامُ الفِتَنِ The being, or becoming, hard to be borne, severe, or distressing, said of فِتَن [i. e. trials, or conflicts and factions, &c.]. (TA.) b2: اِعْتَرَمَت, said of a mare, She went at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, not obeying guidance; and deviated from the right course. (Ham p. 277.) b3: And, said of a mother, She sought one who would suck her breast: or she sucked the milk from her own breasts and spirted it forth from her: a poet says, لَا تَلْغُِبَنَّ كَأُمِّ الغُلَا تَعْتَرِمْ ↓ مِ إِلَّا تَجِدْ عَارِمًا [in my original لا تلغينّ; for which I have substituted what I think to be the right reading: i. e. Do not thou become wearied like the mother of the boy if she find not a sucker of her breast, seeking for such: or] he means, if she finds not one who will suck her, she contrives, and milks her own breasts, and sometimes she sucks it [i. e. the milk] and spirts it forth from her mouth: accord. to IAar, this is said to him who imposes upon himself the task of doing that which is no part of his business: or, accord. to Az, the meaning is, be not thou like him who censures, or satirizes, himself, when he finds not whom he may censure, or satirize. (TA.) b4: See also 1, last sentence.

عَرْمٌ Grease, or gravy; i. e. the dripping that exudes from flesh-meat and from fat. (K.) and The remains of the cooking-pot: (K, TA:) or the dirt of the cooking-pot; as also ↓ عُرَامٌ, (TA.) عَرَمٌ The quality, in anything, of being of two colours: a leopard has this quality: (Th, TA:) or, as also ↓ عُرْمَةٌ, blackness mixed with whiteness, in anything: or the quality of being speckled with blackness and whiteness, without largeness of every speckle: and a whiteness in the lip of the sheep or goat: (K:) or thus the latter word: (S, TA:) and likewise the quality of being speckled with black, in the ear thereof. (TA.) Also (i. e. عَرَمٌ) The quality, in a collection of small cattle, of consisting of sheep and goats. (S.) A2: See also عَرَمَةٌ.

عَرِمٌ: see عَارِمٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A dam; syn. مُسَنَّاةٌ: (S, TA:) [or rather dams, agreeably with what here follows:] a pl. [or coll. gen. n.] (K) having no sing. [or n. un.]: (S, K:) or its sing. [or n. un.] is ↓ عَرِمَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which signifies, (Kr, K, TA,) as also ↓ عَرَمَةٌ, (Kr, TA,) a dam (مُسَنَّاةٌ, Kr, or سَدٌّ, K) that is raised across a valley, or torrent-bed: (K:) or عَرِمٌ signifies [dams such as are termed] أَحْبَاس [pl. of حِبْسٌ] constructed in valleys, or torrent-beds, (AHn, K, TA,) in the middle parts of these: (AHn, TA:) in each of which senses it is said to be used in the Kur xxxiv. 15: (TA:) or it there signifies a torrent of which the rush is not to be withstood: (Msb:) and a violent rain, (K, TA,) that is not to be endured: thus, accord. to some, in the Kur: (TA:) and the male of the [species of rat called]

جُرَذ, (K, TA,) which is the خُلْد, so, Az says, is there meant accord. to some: (TA:) and, (K, TA,) as some say, in that instance, (TA,) it is the name of a certain valley (K, TA) in ElYemen: so says (TA.) عُرْمَةٌ: see عَرَمٌ: A2: and see also عَرَمَةٌ.

A3: Also A helmet of iron. (TA.) عَرَمَةٌ A quantity of reaped corn or grain, collected together, (S, Msb, K,) trodden out, (S, K,) to be winnowed, (S,) not yet winnowed, (K,) or that is trodden out, then winnowed: (Msb:) said by some to called only عَرْمَةٌ; but correctly عَرَمَةٌ, as is shown by its having for its pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ عَرَمٌ, as in an ex. cited by J [in the S]; حَلْقَةٌ and حَلَقٌ being anomalous: (IB, TA:) and ↓ عُرْمَةٌ, of which the pl. is عُرَمٌ, signifies the same; (Msb;) or عُرْمَةٌ signifies heaps of reaped wheat and of barley. (TA.) b2: And A place in which sand is collected: (S, K:) pl. عَرَمَاتٌ. (IB, TA.) b3: And it is said to signify جُثْوَةٌ مِنْ دَمَالٍ [app. meaning A heap of dung such as is termed دَمَال, q. v.]. (TA.) b4: See also عَرِمٌ.

A2: Also Flesh-meat. (Fr, K, TA: omitted in the CK.) One says, إِنَّ جَزُورَكُمْ لَطَيِّبُ العَرَمَةِ Verily your slaughtered camel is savoury in respect of the meat. (Fr, TA.) b2: And The odour of cooked flesh-meat. (K.) A3: Also a pl. of عَارِمٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) عَرِمَةٌ: see عَرِمٌ. b2: [It is also said, by Golius, on the authority of Meyd, to signify A vineyard.]

عَرْمَى وَاللّٰهِ is a dial. var. of أَمَا وَاللّٰهِ, (IAar, K, TA,) as also [غَرْمَى واللّٰه, and] حَرْمَى وَاللّٰهِ: one says, عَرْمَى وَاللّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنٌ كَذَا [Verily, or now surely, by God, I will indeed do such a thing]. (IAar, TA.) عُرَامٌ, [mentioned in the first sentence of this art. as an inf. n.,] (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) when used as [a simple subst.] denoting a quality of a boy, or child, (S, Mgh,) or of a man, (K,) signifies Evilness of disposition, or illnature, and exceeding perverseness or crossness or repugnance; (S, Msb, K;) and vehemence, and strength; (Mgh, * TA;) and sharpness; (Msb;) and annoyance, or molestation: (K:) [and] the quality of quitting the right course, and exorbitance. (Ham p. 277.) b2: Hence, in a trad. of 'Omar, metaphorically used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Sharpness and strength of [the beverage termed] نَبِيذ made of raisins. (Mgh.) b3: and Numerousness of an army, (S, K,) and sharpness, and vehemence, thereof. (K.) b4: Also Ignorance. (Fr, TA.) A2: And The عُرَاق [app. meaning flesh-meat] of a bone: and likewise [i. e., app., portions that are cropped by camels] of trees. (S, K. [See عُرَاقٌ, voce عَرْقٌ.]) One says مِنْ ↓ أَعْرَمُ كَلْبٍ عَلَى عُرَامٍ [More evil in disposition than a dog over a piece of flesh-meat of a bone]. (TA.) Or, accord. to Az, العُرَامُ signifies, (TA,) or it signifies also, (K,) What falls of the bark of the [thorn-tree called] عَوْسَج: (K, TA:) but others explain it in a general manner, saying that عُرَامُ الشَّجَرَةِ signifies the bark of the tree. (TA.) b2: See also عَرْمٌ.

عَرِيمٌ A calamity, or misfortune: (K, TA:) because of its hardness, or pressure. (TA.) A2: See also أَعْرَمُ, last two sentences.

عُرَامِىٌّ is [app. a rel. n. signifying Of, or relating to, ignorance; being] said by Fr to be from عُرَامٌ signifying “ ignorance. ” (TA.) عَارِمٌ and ↓ عَرِمٌ, (S, Msb, K,) applied to a boy, or child, (S,) or to a man, (K,) Evil in disposition, or illnatured, and very perverse or cross or repugnant; (S, Msb, K; *) and sharp: (Msb:) or vehement, or strong: (K:) and, applied to a boy, or child, insolent and unthankful, or ungrateful: or bad, corrupt, or wicked: the former epithet, applied to a man, signifies also abominable, or evil: (TA:) and so its fem. pl. عَارِمَات, (S, TA,) applied by a rájiz as an epithet to creeping [ticks, or similar insects, such as are termed] أَنْبَار [pl. of نِبْرٌ]: (S:) and ↓ عَرِمٌ is said (Msb, TA) by IAar (TA) to signify ignorant: (Msb, TA:) عَرَمَةٌ is pl. of عَارِمٌ, and is applied as an epithet to boys, like عَقَقَةٌ [pl. of عَاقٌّ]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] لِسَانٌ عَارِمٌ A vehement tongue. (TA. [See an ex. voce شَكِىٌّ.]) b3: And يَوْمٌ عَارِمٌ A day vehemently cold: (TA:) or a day cold in the utmost degree: (K, TA:) and in like manner لَيْلٌ عَارِمٌ [a night vehemently cold: &c.]: and [the pl. in this sense is عُرَّمٌ:] اللَّيَالِى العُرَّمُ signifies the vehemently-cold nights. (TA.) A2: Also [Sucking the breast; or] a sucker of the breast: so in a verse cited above: see 8. (TA.) A3: مَا هُوَ بِعَارِمِ عَقْلٍ see expl. voce حَارِمٌ عَرَمْرَمٌ Hard, strong, or vehement; (K, TA;) applied to anything. (TA.) b2: And Numerous; applied to an army; (S, K, TA;) or, as some say, to anything. (TA.) b3: And, applied to a man, Having a strong degree of عُجْمَة [i. e. impotence, or difficulty, in speech, or utterance; or barbarousness, or vitiousness, therein; or in speaking Arabic].

أَعْرَمُ [More, and most, evil in disposition, or illnatured, &c.]: see an ex. voce عُرَامٌ.

A2: Also [Having the quality termed عَرَمٌ and عُرْمَةٌ: fem عَرْمَآءُ: and pl. عُرْمٌ: i. e.] having in it blackness and whiteness: [&c.:] (S, K: *) the eggs of the sand-grouse are عُرْم; (S, K, * TA;) they are meant by this word in a verse of Aboo-Wejzeh Es-Saadee: (TA:) and عَرْمَآءُ is applied to a serpent; (S;) and means a serpent speckled with black and white; (K, TA;) pl. عُرْمٌ. (TA.) and i. q. أَبْرَشُ: (K, TA:) and, some say, أَبْرَصُ: [the former meaning Speckled: and the latter, and sometimes the former also, leprous:] fem.

عَرْمَآءُ. (TA.) Applied to a sheep or goat, Having a whiteness in the lip: fem. as above: (K:) [but] it occurs in a trad., applied to a ram, as meaning white, with black specks. (TA.) and Coloured (K, TA) with two colours. (TA.) Hence دَهْرٌ أَعْرَمُ (assumed tropical:) [Time, or fortune, of two sorts]. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] applied to a collection of small cattle, Consisting of sheep and goats. (S, K.) b3: And Uncircumcized: pl. عُرْمَانٌ, and pl. pl. عَرَامِينُ, (K, TA,) which is mentioned by AA as an epithet applied to men, syn. with قُلْفَانٌ [a pl. of أَقْلَفُ]. (TA.) A3: Also a sing. of عُرْمَانٌ signifying Tillers, or cultivators, of land, syn. أَكَرَةٌ, [in the CK اُكْرَة (which is a sing.),] (Az, K, TA,) and so is ↓ عَرِيمٌ, in the copies of the K, erroneously written عرم [in some of them عَرْمٌ and in others عَرَمٌ]. (TA.) b2: And أَعْرَمُ and ↓ عَرِيمٌ, the latter more agreeably with analogy, are likewise pls. of عُرْمَانٌ signifying Places of seed-produce. (TA.)

الشّأمُ:
بفتح أوّله، وسكون همزته، والشأم، بفتح همزته، مثل نهر ونهر لغتان، ولا تمد، وفيها لغة ثالثة وهي الشّام، بغير همز، كذا يزعم اللغويون، وقد جاءت في شعر قديم ممدودة، قال زامل بن غفير الطائي يمدح الحارث الأكبر:
وتأبّيّ بالشآم مفيدي ... حسرات يقددن قلبي قدّا
في أبيات وخبر ذكرها بعد، وكذا جاء به أبو
الطيب في قوله:
دون أن يشرق الحجاز ونجد ... والــعراقــان بالقنا والشّآم
وأنشد أبو عليّ القالي في نوادره:
فما اعتاض المعارف من حبيب ... ولو يعطى الشآم مع الــعراق
وقد تذكّر وتؤنّث، ورجل شأميّ وشآم، ههنا بالمدّ على فعال، وشآميّ أيضا، حكاه سيبويه، ولا يقال شأم لأنّ الألف عوض من ياء النسبة فإذا زال الألف عادت الياء، وما جاء من ضرورة الشعر فمحمول على أنّه اقتصر من النسبة على ذكر البلد، وامرأة شأميّة، بالتشديد، وشآمية، بتخفيف الياء، وتشاءم الرجل، بتشديد الهمزة، نسب إلى الشام كما تقول تقيّس وتكوّف وتنزّر إذا انتسب إلى قيس والكوفة ونزار، وأشأم إذا أتى الشام، وقال بشر بن أبي خازم:
سمعت بنا قيل الوشاة فأصبحت ... صرمت حبالك في الخليط المشئم
وقال أبو بكر الأنباري: في اشتقاقه وجهان:
يجوز أن يكون مأخوذا من اليد الشّؤمى وهي اليسرى، ويجوز أن يكون فعلى من الشوم، قال أبو القاسم: قال جماعة من أهل اللغة يجوز أن لا يهمز فيقال الشام يا هذا فيكون جمع شامة سميت بذلك لكثرة قراها وتداني بعضها من بعض فشبّهت بالشامات، وقال أهل الأثر: سميت بذلك لأن قوما من كنعان بن حام خرجوا عند التفريق فتشاءموا إليها أي أخذوا ذات الشمال فسميت بالشام لذلك، وقال آخرون من أهل الأثر منهم الشرقي:
سميت الشام بسام بن نوح، عليه السلام، وذلك أنّه أوّل من نزلها فجعلت السين شينا لتغيّر اللفظ العجمي، وقرأت في بعض كتب الفرس في قصة سنحاريب:
أن بني إسرائيل تمزّقت بعد موت سليمان بن داود، عليهما السلام، فصار منهم سبطان ونصف سبط في بيت المقدس، فهم سبط داود، وانخزل تسعة أسباط ونصف إلى مدينة يقال لها شامين، وبها سميت الشام، وهي بأرض فلسطين، وكان بها متجر العرب وميرتهم، وكان اسم الشام الأوّل سورى فاختصرت العرب من شامين الشام وغلب على الصقع كلّه، وهذا مثل فلسطين وقنّسرين ونصيبين وحوّارين، وهو كثير في نواحي الشام، وقيل:
سميت بذلك لأنّها شامة القبلة، قلت: وهذا قول فاسد لأن القبلة لا شامة لها ولا يمين لأنّها مقصد من كل وجه يمنة لقوم وشامة لآخرين، ولكن الأقوال المتقدّمة حسنة جميعها، وأمّا حدّها فمن الفرات إلى العريش المتاخم للدّيار المصريّة، وأمّا عرضها فمن جبلي طيّء من نحو القبلة إلى بحر الروم وما بشأمة ذلك من البلاد، وبها من أمّهات المدن منبج وحلب وحماة وحمص ودمشق والبيت المقدس والمعرّة، وفي الساحل أنطاكية وطرابلس وعكّا وصور وعسقلان وغير ذلك، وهي خمسة أجناد:
جند قنسرين وجند دمشق وجند الأردنّ وجند فلسطين وجند حمص، وقد ذكرت في أجناد، ويعدّ في الشام أيضا الثغور: وهي المصيصة وطرسوس وأذنة وأنطاكية وجميع العواصم من مرعش والحدث وبغراس والبلقاء وغير ذلك، وطولها من الفرات إلى العريش نحو شهر، وعرضها نحو عشرين يوما، وروي عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص أنّه قال: قسم الخير عشرة أعشار فجعل تسعة أعشار في الشام وعشر في سائر الأرض، وقسم
الشرّ عشرة أعشار فجعل عشر بالشام وتسعة أعشار في سائر الأرض، وقال محمد بن عمر بن يزيد الصاغاني:
إنّي لأجد ترداد الشام في الكتب حتى كأنّها ليست لله تعالى بشيء في الأرض حاجة إلّا بالشام، وروي عن النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أنّه قال: الشام صفوة الله من بلاده وإليه يجتبي صفوته من عباده، يا أهل اليمن عليكم بالشام فإن صفوة الله من الأرض الشام، ألا من أبى فإن الله تعالى قد تكفّل لي بالشام، وقال أبو الحسن المدائني: افترض أعرابيّ في الجند فأرسل في بعث إلى الشام ثمّ إلى ساحل البحر، فقال:
أأنصر أهل الشام ممّن أكاءهم ... وأهلي بنجد ذاك حرص على النصر
براغيث تؤذيني إذ النّاس نوّم، ... وليل أقاسيه على ساحل البحر
فإن يك بعث بعدها لم أعد له ... ولو صلصلوا للبحر منقوشة الحمر
وهذا خبر زامل كان نازلا في أخواله كلب فأغار عليهم بنو القين بن جسر فأخذوا ماله فاستنصر أخواله فلم ينصروه فركب جملا وقصد الشام فنزل في روضة فأكل من نجمها وعقل بعيره واضطجع، فما انتبه إلّا وحسّ فارسا قد نزل قريبا منه، فقال له الفارس:
من أنت؟ فانتسب له وقصّ عليه قصته، فقال له الفارس: يا هذا هل عندك من طعام فإنّي طاو منذ أمس؟ فقال له: أتطلب الطعام وهذا اللحم المعرض؟
ثمّ وثب فنحر جمله واحتشّ حطبا وشوى وأطعم الفارس حتى اكتفى، فلما لبث أن ثار العجاج وأقبلت الخيل إلى الفارس يحيونه بتحية الملوك، فركب وقال:
دونكم الرجل أردفوه، فأردفه بعضهم فإذا هو الحارث الأكبر الغساني، فأمر خدمه بإنزال الطائيّ وغفل عنه مدة، فخاف زامل أن يكون قد نسيه فقال لحاجبه: أحبّ أن تبلغ هذه الأبيات إلى الحارث، فأنشد:
أبلغ الحارث المردّد في المك ... رمات والمجد جدّا فجدّا
وابن أرباب واطئ العفر والأر ... حب والمالكين غورا ونجدا
أنّني ناظر إليك ودوني ... عاتقات غاورن قربا وبعدا
آزل نازل بمثوى كريم، ... ناعم البال في مراح ومغدى
غير أنّ الأوطان يجتذب المر ... ء إليها الهوى وإن عاش كدّا
ونأتني بالشّآم مفيدي ... حسرات يقددن قلبي قدّا 
ليس يستعذب الغريب مقاما ... في سوى أرضه وإن نال جدّا
فلمّا بلغت الأبيات الحارث قال: وا سوأتاه! كرم ولؤمنا، وتيقظ ونمنا، وأحسن وأسأنا! ثمّ أذن له فلمّا رآه قال: والله ما يدحض عارها عني إلّا أن أعطيك حتى ترضى، ثمّ أمر له بمائة ناقة وألف شاة وعشرة عبيد وعشر إماء وعشرة أفراس من كرام خيله وألف دينار وقال: يا زامل أما إن الأوطان جواذب كما ذكرت فهل لك أن تؤثر المقام في مدينتنا تكنفك حمايتنا ويتفيأ لك ظلّنا وتسبل عليك صلتنا؟
فقال: أيّها الملك ما كنت لأوثر وطني عليك ولا ألقي مقاليدي إلّا إليك، ثمّ أقام بالشام. وقال جبلة بن الأيهم وهو ببلاد الروم بعد أن تنصّر أنفة من غير أن يقتص في قصة فيها طول فذكرتها في أخبار 

حسان من كتاب الشعراء:
تنصّرت الأشراف من أجل لطمة، ... وما كان فيها لو صبرت لها ضرر
تكنّفني فيها لجاج حميّة، ... فبعت لها العين الصّحيحة بالعور
فيا ليت أمّي لم تلدني وليتني ... رجعت إلى القول الذي قاله عمر
ويا ليتني أرعى المخاض بقفرة، ... وكنت أسيرا في ربيعة أو مضر
ويا ليت لي بالشام أدنى معيشة، ... أجاور قومي ذاهب السّمع والبصر
أدين بما دانوا به من شريعة، ... وقد يصبر العود المسنّ على الدّبر
وفي الحديث عن عبد الله بن حوالة قال: كنّا عند رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فشكوا إليه الفقر والعري وقلّة الشيء فقال رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: أبشروا فو الله لأنا من كثرة الشيء أخوف عليكم من قلّته، والله لا يزال هذا الأمر فيكم حتى تفتح أرض فارس وأرض الروم وأرض حمير وحتى تكونوا أجنادا ثلاثة: جند بالشام وجند بالــعراق وجند باليمن وحتى يعطى الرجل مائة دينار فيسخطها، قال ابن حوالة: فقلت يا رسول الله من يستطيع الشام وفيه الروم ذات القرون؟ فقال، صلّى الله عليه وسلم: والله ليستخلفنّكم الله فيها حتى تظلّ العصابة منهم البيض قمصهم المحلوقة أقفاؤهم قياما على الرجل الأسود ما أمرهم به فعلوا، وإنّ بها اليوم رجالا لأنتم اليوم أحقر في أعينهم من القردان في أعجاز الإبل، قال ابن حوالة: قلت اختر لي يا رسول الله إن أدركني ذلك، فقال: أختار لك الشام فإنّها صفوة الله من بلاده وإليها يجتبي صفوته من عباده يا أهل الإسلام فعليكم بالشام فإن صفوة الله من الأرض الشام فمن أبى فليلحق بيمينه وليسق بعذره فإنّ الله قد تكفّل لي بالشام وأهله، وقال أحمد بن محمد بن المدبّر الكاتب في تفضيل الشام:
أحبّ الشّام في يسر وعسر، ... وأبغض ما حييت بلاد مصر
وما شنأ الشآم سوى فريق ... برأي ضلالة وردى ومحر
لأضغان تغين على رجال ... أذلّوا يوم صفّين بمكر
وكم بالشّام من شرف وفضل، ... ومرتقب لدى برّ وبحر
بلاد بارك الرّحمن فيها، ... فقدّسها على علم وخبر
بها غرر القبائل من معدّ ... وقحطان ومن سروات فهر
أناس يكرمون الجار حتى ... يجير عليهم من كلّ وتر
وقال البحتري يفضّل الشام على الــعراق:
نصبّ إلى أرض الــعراق وحسنه، ... ويمنع عنها قيظها وحرورها
هي الأرض نهواها إذا طاب فصلها ... ونهرب منها حين يحمى هجيرها
عشيقتنا الأولى وخلّتنا التي ... نحبّ وإن أضحت دمشق تغيرها
عنيت بشرق الأرض قدما وغربها ... أجوّب في آفاقها وأسيرها
فلم أر مثل الشام دار إقامة ... لراح أغاديها وكأس أديرها
مصحّة أبدان ونزهة أعين، ... ولهو نفوس دائم وسرورها
مقدّسة جاد الرّبيع بلادها، ... ففي كلّ أرض روضة وغديرها
تباشر قطراها وأضعف حسنها ... بأنّ أمير المؤمنين يزورها
ومسجد الشام ببخارى، نسب إليه أبو سعيد الشامي فقيه حنفيّ. والشام: موضع في بلاد مراد، قال قيس بن مكشوح:
وأعمامي فوارس يوم لحج ... ومرجح إن شكوت ويوم شام

قصب: قصب (بالتشديد): جهز وعبا بالقصب. (شيرب ديال ص71).
قصب: بنى سقفا من قصب. (شيرب ديال ص72 ن).
قصب: العامة تقول قصب البناء الحجر أي نحته وسواه (محيط المحيط).
قصب: زبر الكرم وقلمه (انظر مادة زبر).
قصب وقصبة، والجمع قصاب: بوص. (المقري 1: 354) (انظر إضافات) وقصاب جمع قصبة في معجم فوك.
قصب: نبات اسمه العلمي arundo donax. ( الجريدة الآسيوية 1848، 1: 275) ويسمى أيضا: القصب الفارسي أو قصب الفارس (المستعيني، أماري ص8، ألف ليلة 1: 363، كوسج طرائف ص96) وقد وجد أماري هذه الكلمة في عقد صقلي فقال في المخطوطات: (في هذا الموضع المعين في هذا العقد ينبت القصب المسمى: arundo donax كما ينبت في كل موضع في صقلية.
ومن أسمائه: القصب الأندلسي، ففي ابن ليون (ص46 ق): وقال ابن وافد القصب الفارسي هو القصب الأندلسي.
قصب البنيان: سمي بذلك لأن هذا النوع من القصب يستعمل في البنايات. (ابن العوام 1: 18، 396 وما يليها (وكذلك في مخطوطتنا) (ابن العوام 1: 19 خاصة.
قصب الساج: ولعل الصواب قصب السياج (انظر سياج) وسياج بمعنى خندق.
وفي المستعيني: قصب الساج هو قصب الفارس وهو الأندلسي ويقال له باسطوس وهو المصمت وهو الذي يعمل منه النشاب، ومنه ما يقال له بلش وهو الأنثى وهو كثير العقد يصلح أن يكتب به (بدل باسطوس اقراناسطوس فهي الكلمة اليونانية nasthus وفي ديسقوريدوس (1: 114): منه ما يقال له ناسطوس وهو المصمت وهو الذي يعمل منه النشاب.
أما Arundo femina وهو صنف من أصناف Arun- dodonax فقد ذكره هذا المؤلف أيضا وسماه بلش، ولعل باش هذه هي الكلمة اليونانية بلوس التي تعني أيضا نوعا من القصب.
قصب؛ قصب السكر. (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 276، 2: 8) ويقال له أيضا قصب حلو، (معجم الإدريسي، المستعيني، فوك، بوشر). وقصب السكر (المستعيني، محيط المحيط، بوشر) وقصب سكري (معجم الإدريسي) وقصب مص (همبرت 56 (سوريا)، بوشر) وقصب المص وسمي بذلك لأنه يمص (محيط المحيط). وأخيرا عود قصب (بوشر).
وفي ابن البيطار (2: 304) يوجد ثلاثة أنواع من قصب السكر فمنه أبيض ومنه أصفر ومنه أسود، والأسود لا يعصر وإنما يعصر الأبيض والأصفر وتسمى عصارته عسل القصب. وفي ألف ليلة (4: 679): عسل قصب قصب: نوع من الذرة في بلاد البربر. (دنهام 1، 173، ليون ص73، ص275، بارت 1: 156، 176، مجلة الشرق والجزائر 16: 108، مجلة الشرق والجزائر السلسلة الجديدة 10: 549، كاريت جغرافية ص150، ريشاردسن سنترال 1: 83، 102، 109) وعند ريشاردسن صحارى (1: 80، 334): (نوع من الذرة اسمها العلمي: Pennisetum typhoideum وتسمى درا في تونس بشنه في طرابلس). وفي غدامس (ص185): ذرة بيضاء طويلة، وفي (ص332): (ذرة تجلب من السودان ذات سنبلة (عرنوص) طويلة وحب ابيض ويوجد صنف آخر منها حبه أصفر).
وعند بانكري (2: 30): (حب القصب، وقلما يعرف في الأقطار الاوربية، هو أكثر الدقيق استعمالا في تغذية أهل طرابلس وهو الغذاء الرئيس لجمهور الناس وتحوى هذا الحب سنبلة طولها نحو ثلاثة أقدام واستدارتها مثل ذلك، وهذه تنبت على رأس قصبة قلما يتجاوز ارتفاعها ثلاثة أقدام، والحب في حجم الرصاصة (الطلقة النارية) الكبيرة تقريبا لونه رصاصي باهت. وكثير عندهم جدا).
وعند التيجاني (الجريدة الرئيسة الدرا وهي صنف من الذرة البيضاء ويسمونها القصب).
قصبة الحية: في المغرب قنطوريون صغير (م. المنصوري مادة قنطوريون وقد تحرفت الكلمة فصارت Gacat- el- hai وفسرت بأنها نبات اسمه- chironia Pulchella، أي قنطريون صغير. (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 346).
القصب الذعبي: هو في الأندلس نبات اسمه العلمي: Lysimachia Vulgaris ( ابن البيطار 2: 445).
القصب القبطي: ذكره ابن العوام (2: 443).
قصبة الحنطة: ساق السنبلة، قشة مجوفة. (بوشر).
قصبة، والجمع قصب: بوصة يربط بها خيط الصنارة وهي الشص لصيد السمك. (رولاند ديال ص591، ص592).
قصبة، والجمع قصب: رمح، وذلك لأنه يتخذ من الأسل. (معجم البيان).
لعب القصب: العاب فروسية، لعب السباق على ظهور الخيل. (الكالا).
قصبة: غليون هندي، غليون طويل الأنبوب يستعمله الهنود الحمر في أمريكا، بيبة، غليون للتدخين. (بوشر).
قصبة وقصب: اسم آلة موسيقية، ناي، شبابة. (دوماس عادات ص285، شوا: 296، بانانتي 2: 88، 89) أو مزمار وشبابة من قصب ذات ثقبين أو ثلاثة (كاربرون ص252، ص495) وطرف المزمار أو الشبابة مزود بقريص من نحاس ينطبق على الشفتين، (جاكو ص216) وانظر (سلفادور ص12، 36).
قصبة: مقياس للمساحة، وهو ستة أذرع وثلثي الذراع (بوشر) وفي محيط المحيط: القصبة في المساحة أربعون ذراعا وسدس ذراع مربعة. (انظر لين عادات 2: 417).
العد بالقصب: عد اللبن والآجر جملة وقياسه بالقامة وهي مقياس يساوي ستة أقدام.
ففي طرائف دي ساسي (1: 60): وكان أبو حنيفة صاحب المذهب يعد اللبن والآجر وهو الذي اخترع عده بالقصب اختصار.
قصبة، والجمع قصب: أنبوب، أنبوبة، أنبوب أعقف. (بوشر، تاج العروس).
قصبة: علبة أسطوانية تحفظ فيها التعاويذ والتمائم، حجاب. (كوسج طرائف ص73).
قصبة: ميزاب، مرزاب. (بوشر).
قصية الذراع: عظم الذراع وهو أجوف كالأنبوبة. (الكالا).
القصبة الصغر: عظم الساق الخارجي (بوشر).
القصبة الكبرى: ظنبوب، عظم الساق الأكبر، عظم الساق الداخلي. (بوشر) وفي معجم الكالا: قصبة الساق، والجمع قصائب.
قصبة: ساقية الدرع، درع الساق. (الكالا).
قصبة الرجل: عنق القدم، رسغ. (دومب ص85).
قصبة: أنبوب التنفس (بوشر) وعند همبرت (ص3): قصبة الحلق.
قصبة الرية: رغامي، مجرى الهواء إلى الرئة (بوشر همبرت ص3).
قصبة المريء: مجرى الطعام من الحلق إلى المعدة. (محيط المحيط).
قصبة: ربو، نسمة، ضيق النفس. (بوشر). قصب: سلك من الذهب يحيط بخيط حرير أو كتان. (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
قصب فضة وقصب ابيض: سلك من الفضة يحيط بخيط حرير أو كتاب (بوشر).
قصب أصفر: سلك من الذهب يحيط بخيط حرير أو كتان (بوشر).
قصب ذهب: سلك من الذهب أو الفضة يحيط بخيط حرير أو كتان. (صفة مصر 18، قسم 2، ص 386).
قصب ذهب سلك ذهب (برجون، كوسج طرائف ص80، ألف ليلة 1: 56، 2: 222).
قصبة، والجمع قصبات: خرزات مستطيلة أسطوانية الشكل للقلادة، كما رأى لين أن يترجم بهذا عبارة ألف ليلة (1: 576): وفي رقبته طوق من الذهب الأحمر وثلث قصبات من الزبرجد وهذا المعنى جاء في محيط المحيط ففيه: والقصب ما كان مستطيلا من الجوهر. ويقول السيد دي غويه يجب ان نضيف إلى هذا إنها مجوفة. ففي الفائق (2: 347): قال صاحب العين القصب من الجوهر ما استطال منه في تجويف وفيه أيضا أن النبي (صلى الله عليه وسلم) فسره ببيت من لؤلؤ مجباة أي المجوفة. وكذلك ما نقله صاحب تاج العروس عن ابن الأثير.
وعند بعضهم: القصب انابيب من جوهر. وقصب أيضا: شرابه بشكل أنبوب، يقال مثلا: شاش بقصبات زركش (الملابس ص332).
قصب: سوار (فوك) وفيه: قصب فضة.
قصب فول، وقصب ذهب. وفي معجم الكالا: سوار ذهب: قصبة والجمع قصب. وفيه أيضا قصوب (قصاب) والجمع اقصاب.
قصب، عند الفرس: نسيج من الحرير، وفي مصر: نسيج موشى ومرصع بأسلاك من الذهب أو الفضة. (مملوك 2، 2: 75).
قصب الذهب: بروكار، نسيج مقصب بخيوط الحرير والذهب، ديباج، سندس. (برجرن).
قصبة العمود: ساق العمود، جذع العمود. (مثل Ca بالأسبانية). (الإدريسي روما).
قصب: كهربا، كهرمان أصفر، كهرب اصفر. (المستعيني مادة كهربا) وبخاصة في مخطوطتي ن، لا. ولم تضبط فيهما الكلمة بالشكل.
قصب عراق: ذكر مع ما يؤكل بعد الطعام في ألف ليلة (برسل 1: 149) ويرى السيد دي غويه إنه قصب السكر لأن في مخطوطة المتحف البريطاني لأبي القاسم بين أسماء ما يأكله أغنياء بغداد بعد الطعام قصب السكر المقطع المغسول بماء الورد.
قصبة: عاصمة الإقليم وحاضرته. (أماري ص24 ص12، ص144) وقد فسرت بكرسي الكورة. (ابن خلكان 1: 602).
قصبي. الشبوب المريش والقصبى: الشب بشكل الريش وبشكل الأنابيب. (البكري ص15).
قصبية: في ألف ليلة (برسل 1: 149): إلى أن جاءت إلى الحلواني فاشترت منه قصبية طبق من جميع ما عنده. وأرى أن كلمة طبق تفسير وشرح لكلمة قصبية. (وفي ماكن (1: 56) طبقا فقط) وإن قصبية هذه معناها سلة أو قفة من الاسل.
قصبجي: ساحب خيوط الذهب، وهو الذي يطرق الذهب والفضة ويحصل منهما أسلاكا. (بوشر) وفي مملوط (2، 2: 75): (العمال الذين يعملون أسلاك الذهب والفضة وهم القصبجية من الأقباط وهم يزركشون بهذه الأسلاك الحرير الأصفر والأبيض بعد أن يكونوا قد قطعوا هذه الأسلاك قطعا صغيرة).
قصابة: أنبوب معقوف. (بوشر).
قصابة: حين يفسر الجوهري هذه الكلمة بصناعة القصاب، فيجب فيما أرى أن لا تؤخذ كلمة قصاب بمعنى الزمار وهو النافخ بالمزمار، بل بمعنى الجزار ولذلك يجب أن لا تترجم بما معناه صناعة المزمار كما ترجمها فريتاج، بل بما معناه مهنة الجزار، وبهذا المعنى وجدت قصابة عند المقري (2: 525، باين سميث 1424).
غير أن صاحب تاج العروس يرى أن تفسير القصاب بالمزمار وهو النافخ في القصب صحيح فهو يقول: والقصاب الزمار وهو النافخ في القصب والقصاب الجزار وحرفة الأخير القصابة، وكلام الجوهري يقتضي أن هذا التصريف في الزمر أيضا.
وأري أن صاحب التاج إنما يستنتج ذلك استنتاجا ولا يذكر له مثالا.
قصيبة: شوفان، خرطال، هرطمان. (باجني مخطوطات).
قصاب: حامل قصبة المساحة (مساح). (صفة مصر 11).
مقصب: قصباء موضع مزروع بالقصب (بوشر).
مقصب (وصف)، يقال: نسيج مقصب أي مزركش بأسلاك الذهب. (مملوك 2، 2: 76).
مقصب (اسم): ضفيرة ذهبية. شريطة مزركشة بأسلاك الذهب. (بوشر، مملوك 1: 1، معجم الأسبانية (ص168).
مقصبة، والجمع مقاصب: موضع القصب ومنبته وموضع كثير القصب. (محيط المحيط، فوك، الكالا).
مقصبة: زراعة قصب السكر. ففي ابن العوام (1: 392): ويبيت فيها الغنم حتى يصير زبلها أرض المقصبة (وهذا ما جاء في مخطوطتنا).

قصب

1 قَصَبَهُ, aor. ـِ (M, K,) inf. n. قَصْبٌ, (S, M, O,) He cut it, (S, * M, O, * K,) namely, a thing; (M;) as also ↓ اقتصبهُ. (M, K.) And قَصَبَ الشَّاةَ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (M, Msb,) and so the inf. n., (S, M, O, Msb,) said of the butcher, (O,) He cut up the sheep, or goat, into joints, or separate limbs: (S, O, Msb:) or he separated the [bones called] قَصَب of the sheep, or goat. (M, K.) b2: فُلَانٌ لَمْ يُقْصَبٌ meaning (tropical:) Such a one has not been circumcised, is from القَصْبُ signifying “ the act of cutting. ” (A.) b3: And قَصَبَهُ, (S, M, A, O, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. قَصْبً; (M;) and ↓ قصّبهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَقْصِبٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He attributed, or imputed, to him, or accused him of, a vice, or fault, or the like; (S, M, A, O, K;) and reviled, or vilified, him; (M, A, K;) meaning he cut him with censure. (A.) A2: And قَصَبَهُ, (S, M, O, K,) namely, a camel, and [any] other [animal], (S, O,) or a man, (M, K,) and a beast, (M,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) He stopped, or cut short, (S, O,) or prevented, (M, K,) his drinking, before he had satisfied his thirst. (S, M, O, K.) b2: And قَصَبَ شُرْبَهُ He (a camel) abstained from his drinking before he had satisfied his thirst: (ISk, S, O:) or قَصَبَ [alone], said of a camel, (As, M, K, TA,) aor. as above, inf. n. قَصْبٌ and قُصُوبٌ, (M, K,) he refused to drink: (As, TA:) or he abstained from drinking the water, raising his head from it, (M, K, TA,) before he had satisfied his thirst: (TA:) or, as some say, قُصُوبٌ signifies the satisfying of thirst by coming to the water &c. (M, TA.) b3: And قَصَبَ المَآءَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَصْبٌ, He (a camel) sucked up, or sucked in, the water. (M, TA.) A3: It seems to be applied in the S that قَصَبَ, aor. as above, also signifies He played upon a musical reed, or pipe. (MF.) 2 قَصَّبَ see the preceding paragraph.

A2: قصّب الزَّرْعُ, (S, M, O,) inf. n. تَقْصِيبٌ; (S;) and ↓ اقصب; (M;) The زرع [i. e. seed-produce, or wheat or the like,] produced its قَصَب [or jointed stalks, or culms:] (M:) this is the case after the تَفْرِيخ. (S, O. [See 2 in art. فرخ.]) [Hence the saying,] إِنِّى أَرَى الشَّرَّ قَصَّبَ (assumed tropical:) [Verily I see evil, or the evil, to have grown, like corn producing its culms]. (TA voce نَبَّبَ.) b2: And قصّب الشَّعَرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَقْصِيبٌ, (O, K,) (assumed tropical:) He twisted the locks of the hair [in a spiral form so that they became like hollow canes]: (M, K:) or قَصَّبَتْ شَعَرَهَا (tropical:) she (a woman) twisted the locks of her hair so that they became like قَصَب [i. e. hollow canes]: (A:) and (K) (assumed tropical:) he curled the hair; syn. جَعَّدَهُ. (O, K.) b3: And قصّبهُ, (ISh, TA,) inf. n. as above, (O, K,) He bound his hands to his neck, (ISh, O, K, TA,) namely, a man's: (ISh, TA:) [and app., in like manner, his fore-legs, namely, a sheep's or a goat's: sea قَصَّابٌ, last sentence.]4 اقصبهُ عِرْضَهُ (assumed tropical:) He empowered him to revile, or vilify, him. (M.) [Agreeably with an explanation of قَصَبَهُ in the A, mentioned above, it may rather be rendered (tropical:) He caused him to cut, with censure, or to wound, his honour, or reputation.]

A2: اقصب said of a pastor, (ISk, S, M, O, K,) [He performed his service ill, so that] his camels disliked, and refused to drink, the water; (ISk, M, K;) or, [so that] his camels abstained from drinking before they had satisfied their thirst. (S, O.) رَعَى فَأَقْصَبَ [He pastured, and performed his service ill, &c.,] is a prov., (S, M, O, K,) applied to a [bad] pastor; because, if he pasture the camels ill, they will not drink; (S, O, K;) for they drink only when they are satiated with the herbage: (S, O:) or, as Meyd says, it is applied to him who will not act sincerely, or honestly, and with energy, or vigour, in an affair which he has undertaken, so that he mars, or vitiates, it. (TA.) A3: اقصب said of a place, It produced reeds, or canes. (M, K.) b2: See also 2.8 إِقْتَصَبَ see 1, first sentence.

قُصْبٌ A gut; syn. مِعًى: (S, M, Mgh, O, K:) or all the أَمْعَآء [or guts]: or the guts [امعآء] that are in the lower part of the belly: TA:) pl. أَقْصَابٌ. (S. M, Mgh, O, K.) One says, هُوَ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ [expl. by what here follows]. (S, O.) The Prophet said, respecting 'Amr Ibn-'Ámir El-Khurá'ee, who first set at liberty سَوَائِب [pl. of سَائِبَةٌ, q. v.], (O,) or respecting 'Amr Ibn-Kamee-ah, who first changed the religion of Ishmael, (TA,) رَأَيْتُهُ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِى النُّارِ [I saw him dragging his guts in the fire of Hell]. (O, TA.) b2: El-Aashà in his saying وَشَاهِدُنَا الجُلَّ وَاليَاسَمِى

نُ وَالمُسْمِعَاتُ بِأَقْصَابِهَا means [The rose being present with us, and the jasmine, and the songstresses] with their chords of gut: or, as some relate it, (and as it is cited in the M,) he said ↓ بِقُصَّابِهَا, meaning with their musical reeds, or pipes. (S, O.) b3: And (tropical:) The middle of the body; metaphorically applied thereto: so in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, (S, O, L,) or, accord. to the people of El-Koofeh and ElBasrah, it is falsely ascribed to him, (O,) والقُصْبُ مُضْطَمِرٌ وَالمَتْنُ مَلْحُوبُ [And the middle of the body slender and lean, and the portion next the back-bone, on either side, smooth, and sloping downwards]. (S, O, L.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) The back. (O, K. [SM, not having found this in any lexicon but the K, supposed that الظَّهْرُ might be substituted in it for الخَصْرُ, which is not therein mentioned as a meaning of القُصْبُ.]) قَصَبٌ [a coll. gen. n., signifying Reeds, or canes; and the like, as the culms of corn, &c.; and sometimes signifying a reed, or cane, and the like, as meaning a species thereof;] any plant having (M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) its stem composed of (Mgh, Msb) أَنَابِيب [or internodial portions] (M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and [their] كُعُوب [or connecting knots, or joints]; (Mgh, Msb;) [i. e. any kind, or species, of plant having a jointed stem;] i. q. أَبَآءٌ [a word comparatively little known]; (S; [in the O اَناء, a mistranscription;]) and [it is said that] ↓ قَصْبَآءُ signifies the same: (S, O: [but see what follows:]) the n. un. of the former is ↓ قَصَبَةٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ قَصْبَاةٌ or ↓ قَصَبَاةٌ: (K accord. to different copies; the former accord. to the TA: [but each of these I believe to be a mistake for ↓ قَصُبْآءَةٌ, which is said to be a n. un. of قَصْبَآءُ, and therefore held by some to be syn. with قَصَبَةٌ:]) ↓ قَصْبَآءُ [appears, however, to differ somewhat from قَصَب, for it is said that it] signifies an assemblage of قَصَب; (M, K;) and its n. un. is ↓ قَصَبَةٌ and ↓ قَصْبَآءَةٌ [like حَلَفَةٌ and حَلْفَآءَةٌ which are both said to be ns. un. of حَلْفَآءٌ; and طَرَفَةٌ and طَرْفَآءَةٌ, said to be ns. un. of طَرْفَآءٌ; the former in each case anomalous]: (M: [see also Ham p. 201:]) or, accord. to Sb, ↓ قَصْبَآءُ is sing. and pl., (S, M, Mgh, O,) and so طَرْفَآءُ, (S, M, O,) and حَلْفَآءُ; (S, O;) as pl. and as sing. also having the sign of the fem. gender; therefore, when they mean to express the sing. signification, they add the epithet وَاحِدَةٌ; thus, and thus only, distinguishing the sing. meaning from the pl., and making a difference between a word of this class and a noun that denotes a pl. meaning and has not the sign of the fem. gender such as تَمْرٌ and بُسْرٌ, and such as أَرْطًى and عَلْقًى of which the ns. un. are أَرْطَاةٌ and عَلْقَاةٌ: (M:) or, as some say, ↓ قَصْبَآءُ signifies many قَصَب growing in a place: (Mgh:) and it signifies also a place in which قَصَب grow: (M, K:) [or] ↓ مَقْصَبَةٌ has this last meaning; (Mgh, Msb;) or signifies, like ↓ أَرْضٌ قَصِبَةٌ, a land having قَصَب. (M, K. *) b2: أَحْرَزَ قَصَبَ السَّبْقِ, (Msb,) or السَّبْقِ ↓ قَصَبَةَ, (TA,) [meaning (assumed tropical:) He won, or acquired, the canes, or cane, of victory in racing,] is said of the winner in horseracing: they used to set up, in the horse-course, a cane (قَصَبَة,) and he who outstripped plucked it up and took it, in order that he might be known to be the one who outstripped, without contention: this was the origin of the phrase: then, in consequence of frequency of usage, it was applied also to the expeditious, quick, and light, or active: (Msb, * TA:) [accord. to the TA, it is a tropical phrase, but perhaps it is so only when used in the latter way:] it is said in a trad. of Sa'eed Ibn-El-Ás, that he measured the horse-course with the cane, making it to be a hundred canes in length, and the cane was stuck upright in the ground at the goal, and he who was first in arriving at it took it, and was entitled to the stake. (O, TA. [See also مُقَصِّبٌ.]) b3: [The ↓ قَصَبَة here mentioned as A certain measure of length, used in measuring race-courses, was also used in other cases, in measuring land, and differed in different countries and in different times: accord. to some, it was ten cubits; thus nearly agreeing with our “ rod: ” (see جَرِيبٌ:) accord. to others, six cubits and a third of a cubit: (see فَدَّانٌ:) the modern Egyptian قَصَبَة, until it was reduced some years ago, was about twelve English feet and a half; its twentyfourth part, called قَبْضَةٌ, being the measure of a man's fist with the thumb erect, or about six inches and a quarter.] b4: القَصَبُ الفَارِسِىُّ [The Persian reed] is a kind whereof writing-reeds are made: (Mgh, Msb:) and another kind thereof is hard and thick; and of this kind are made musical reeds, or pipes; and with it houses, or chambers, are roofed. (Msb) One says, قَصَبُ الخطِّ أَنْفَذُ مِنْ قَصَبِ الخَطِّ [meaning Writingreeds are more penetrating, or effective, than the canes of El-Khatt (which are spears); i. e., words wound more than spears]. (A, TA.) b5: قَصَبُ السُّكَّرِ is well-known [as meaning The sugar-cane]: (Msb:) this is of three kinds; white and yellow and black: of the first and second, but not of the third, the juice [of which sugar is made] is expressed; and this expressed juice is called عَسَلُ القَصَبِ. (Mgh.) b6: قَصَبُ الذَّرِيرَةِ [is Calamus aromaticus; also called قَصَبُ الطِّيبِ]: a species thereof has the joints near together, and breaks into many fragments, or splinters, and the internodial portions thereof are filled with a substance like spiders' webs: when chewed, it has an acrid taste, and it is aromatic (Mgh, Msb) when brayed, or powdered; (Mgh;) and inclines to yellowness and whiteness. (Mgh, Msb. [See also ذَرِيرَةٌ, in art. ذر.]) b7: قَصَبٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Any round and hollow bone [or rather bones]; (S, O;) it is pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.] of which ↓ قَصَبَةٌ is the sing. [or n. un,], this latter signifying any bone containing marrow; (M, K;) thus called by way of comparison [to the reed, or cane]. (M.) b8: And (tropical:) The bones of the يَدَانِ and رِجْلَانِ [i. e. arms and legs, or hands and feet, but here app. meaning the latter], (A, Msb,) and the like: (Msb:) [or] (assumed tropical:) the [phalanges, or] bones of the fingers and toes; (M, K, * TA;) (tropical:) the bones whereof there are three in each finger and two in the thumb [and the like in the feet]; (A, TA;) and Zj says, the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] which are also called سُلَامَى: (Msb in art. سلم:) or, as some say, the portions between every two joints of the أَصَابِع: (M, TA:) and الأَصَابِعِ ↓ قَصَبَةُ [or قَصَبُةُ الإِصْبَعِ] signifies the أَنْمَلَة [here perhaps meaning the ungual phalanx] of the finger or toe. (Msb, TA.) b9: And (assumed tropical:) The bones and veins of a wing. (MF.) b10: [And (assumed tropical:) Quills: thus in the phrase صَارَ الرِّيشُ قَصَبًا, in the K, voce أَنُوقٌ, meaning The feathers became quills: n. un. ↓ قَصَبَةٌ: see صَنَمَةٌ.] b11: And (tropical:) [The bronchi;] the branches of the windpipe; (M, K;) and outlets of the breath; (K;) [i. e.] القَصَبُ, (S, M, O,) or فَصَبُ الرِّئَةِ, (A, Msb,) signifies the ducts (عُرُوق) of the lungs; (S, A, O, Msb;) through which the breath passes forth. (S, M, A, O, Msb.) [See حَلْقٌ.] b12: And (assumed tropical:) Any things made of silver, and of other material, resembling [in form] the kind of round and hollow bone [or bones] thus called: n. un. ↓ قَصَبَةٌ. (S, O.) And (assumed tropical:) Jewels (S, M, K) having the form of tubes (أَنَابِيب), (S,) or oblong, (M, K,) and hollow. (M.) b13: And (assumed tropical:) Brilliant pearls, and brilliant chrysolites, interset with jacinths. (IAar, O, K.) So in the saying, in a trad., (O, K,) related as uttered by Gabriel, (O,) [cited in the S app. as an ex. of the meaning next preceding this last,] بَشِّرْ خَدِيجَةَ بِبَيْتِ فِى الجَنَّةِ مِنْ قَصَبٍ (IAar, O, K) i. e. [Rejoice thou Khadeejeh by the announcement of] a pavilion [in Paradise] of brilliant pearls, &c.: (IAar, O:) or the meaning is, of hollow pearls [or pearl], spacious, like the lofty palace: (IAth, TA:) or of emerald: (TA voce بَيْتٌ:) and it is said by some to convey an allusion to Khadeejeh's acquiring what is termed قَصَبُ السَّبْقِ [expl. above], because she was the first person, or the first of women, who embraced El-Islám. (MF, TA.) b14: And (tropical:) Fine, thin, or delicate, (S, O,) or soft, (M, Msb, K,) garments, or cloths, of linen: (S, M, O, Msb, K:) a single one thereof is called ↓ قَصَبِىٌّ. (M, O, Msb, K.) One says, مَعَ فُلَانٍ قَصَبُ صَنْعَآءَ وَقَصَبُ مِصْرَ (tropical:) [In the possession of such a one are]

قَصَب [meaning the cylindrical, or oblong, hollow pieces] of carnelian [of San'à], and قَصَب [meaning the fine, or soft, garments, or cloths,] of linen [of Egypt]. (A.) b15: Also (tropical:) The channels by which water flows from the springs, or sources: (S, M, A, O, K:) or the channels by which the water of a well flows from the springs, or sources: (As, T, TA:) n. un. ↓ قَصَبَةٌ. (M.) And قَصَبُ البَطْحَآءِ (assumed tropical:) The waters [of the kind of water-course called بطحآء (q. v.)] that run to the springs, or sources, of the wells. (As, S, O.) Aboo-Dhueyb says, أَقَامَتْ بِهِ فَابْتَنَتْ خَيْمَةً

عَلَى قَصَبٍ وَفُرَاتٍ نَهَرْ (As, S, M, O,) meaning She remained [in it, and constructed for herself a booth, or a tent,] amid wells and sweet water that flowed copiously. (As, S, O.) b16: See also قَصَبَةٌ below, in the next paragraph.

A2: القَصَبُ is also a name for The ewe. (O.) b2: And قَصَبْ قَصَبْ is A call to the ewe (O, K) to be milked. (O.) قَصَبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in nine places. b2: [It also, app., signifies The caneroll of a loom: see نِيرٌ. b3: And, app., (assumed tropical:) The mouth, which has the form of a short cylinder, in the middle of the upper part, of the kind of leathern water-bag called مَزَادَة: see خُرْتَةٌ.] b4: (tropical:) The bone of the nose; قَصَبَةُ الأَنْفِ signifying the nasal bone. (S, A.) b5: [And (assumed tropical:) The shaft of a well.] You say بِئْرٌ مُسْتَقِيمَةُ القَصَبَةِ (assumed tropical:) [A well of which the shaft is straight]. (TA.) b6: and (tropical:) A well recently dug. (M, K, TA.) b7: and (tropical:) The interior part of a country or town; (A;) and of a قَصْر [i. e. pavilion, or palace]; (M, A, K;) and of a fortress; (A:) or of a fortress containing a building or buildings; or the middle of such a fortress, (TA,) and of a town or village: (S, L, Msb, TA: [Golius, reading قِرْيَة قَرْيَة, assigns to it also the signification of the “ middle of a water-skin: ”]) or a قَصْر [i. e. pavilion, or palace,] itself; (M, K;) and [a fortress itself, or] a fortified castle such as is occupied by a commander and his forces: (TA in art. خوج:) and a town or village [itself]: (M, K:) and the حَرِيم [as meaning interior, or middle,] of a house. (T and TA in art. حرم.) Also A city: (K:) or the [chief] city (S, M, Msb) of the Sawád, (S,) or, [by a general application,] of a country: (M, Msb:) or the chief, or main, part (M, K) of a city (M) or of cities. (K: but in the TA this last meaning is given as the explanation of الأَمْصَارِ ↓ قَصَبُ.) b8: See also قَصِيبَةٌ, in two places: b9: and see قِصَابٌ.

أَرْضٌ قَصِبَةٌ: see قَصَبٌ, first quarter.

قَصْبَآءُ: see قَصَبٌ, first quarter, in four places.

قَصْبَاةٌ or قَصَبَاةٌ: see قَصَبٌ, first sentence.

قَصْبَآءَةٌ: see قَصَبٌ, first sentence, in two places.

قَصَبِىٌّ: see قَصَبٌ, last quarter.

قِصَابٌ, (so in the K, there said to be like كِتَابٌ,) or ↓ قِصَابَةٌ, (so in the M and L,) A dam that is constructed in the place that has been eaten away by water, [for لَجْف in the CK, and لِحْف in other copies of the K, (in the place of which I find لُهْج in a copy of the M, app. a mistranscription,) I read, and thus render لَجَف, supposing it to mean such a place in the side of a rivulet for irrigation,] lest the torrent should collect itself together from every place, and consequently the border of the rivulet for irrigation of the garden of palm-trees [thus I render عِرَاقُ الحَائِطِ (see art. عرق)] should become demolished. (M, K.) b2: And قِصَابٌ signifies دِبَارٌ: (so accord. to a copy of the M:) or دِيَارٌ: (so in copies of the K:) [the former I think to be the preferable reading; but its meaning is doubtful: accord. to the K it signifies Small channels for irrigation between tracts of seed-produce; and ISd says the like: accord. to AHn, patches of sown ground: see more voce دَبْرٌ: it is a pl.,] and the sing. is ↓ قَصَبَةٌ. (M, K.) قَصُوبٌ A sheep or goat that one shears. (O, K.) قَصِيبٌ, applied to a he-camel, (M, TA,) and likewise to a she-camel, (TA, [but this I think doubtful, as it has the meaning of an act. (not pass.) part. n.,]) That sucks up, or sucks in, the water. (M, TA.) b2: See also قَاصِبٌ.

قِصَابَةٌ The art of playing upon the musical reed, or pipe. (S, O.) b2: [And] The craft, or occupation, of the butcher. (M, Msb.) A2: See also قِصَابٌ.

قَصِيبَةٌ: see قُصَّابَةٌ. b2: Also, and ↓ قُصَّابَةٌ, (S, M, O, K,) and ↓ قَصَبَةٌ, (Lth, M, K,) and ↓ تَقْصِيبَةٌ, (M, O, K,) and ↓ تَقْصِبَةٌ, (M, K,) (tropical:) A lock of hair having a [spiral] twisted form [so as to be like a hollow cane]: (Lth, M, K:) or a pendent lock of hair that is twisted so as to curl [in a spiral form]; not plaited: (S, O:) or قَصِيبَةٌ signifies a lock of hair that curls naturally so as to be like a hollow cane; (A;) and its pl. is قَصَائِبٌ: (S, A:) [and,] accord. to Lth, such is termed ↓ قَصَبَةٌ (TA) [and app. ↓ قُصَّابَةٌ also]: and ↓ تَقْصِيبَةٌ, (Lth, A, TA,) of which the pl. is تَقَاصِيبُ, (Lth, A, O, TA,) signifies such as is twisted and made to curl by a woman; (Lth, * A, TA;) [and so, app., ↓ تَقْصِبَةٌ;] i. e., such as, being [naturally] lank, is curled by means of canes and thread. (A.) قَصَّابٌ A blower in reeds or canes (نَافِخٌ فِى

القَصَبِ); as also ↓ قَاصِبٌ. (M, K. [In the former, this explanation is given in such a manner as plainly shows that it is meant to be understood as being distinct from that which next follows: but I incline to think that the two explanations are taken from different sources and have one and the same application.]) And (M, K) A player on the musical reed, or pipe; (AA, S, M, O, K;) and so ↓ قَاصِبٌ. (S, O.) Ru-beh says, (S, M, O, TA,) describing an ass, (S, O, TA,) braying, (TA,) فِى جَوْفِهِ وَحْىٌ كَوَحْىِ القَصَّابْ [In his chest is, or was, a sound like the sound of the player on the musical reed]. (S, M, O, TA.) b2: and A butcher; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ قَاصِبٌ: (M, K:) so called from قَصَبَ in the first of the senses expl. in this art.; (M, O, Msb, TA;) or because he takes the sheep or goat by its قَصَبَة, i. e. its shank-bone; (M, TA;) or because he cleanses the أَفْصَاب, or guts, of the belly; or from قَصَّبَهُ signifying as expl. in the last sentence of the second paragraph of this article. (O, TA.) قُصَّابٌ: see قُصَّابَهٌ, in two places.

قَصَّابَةٌ (O, K, accord. to my MS. copy of the K قُصَّابَةٌ [which is wrong]) لِلنَّاسِ (O) (tropical:) One who reviles men, vilifies them, or defames them, much: (O, K:) [or, very much; for] the ة is added to render the epithet [doubly] intensive. (O.) [See 1, third sentence.]

قُصَّابَةٌ, (S, O, and so accord. to my MS copy of the K, accord. to other copies of the K قَصَّابَةٌ [which is wrong,]) with damm and teshdeed, (S,) An internodial portion of a reed or cane; such a portion thereof as intervenes between two joints, or knots; syn. أَنْبُوبَةٌ; (S, O, K;) [a n. un. of the coll. gen. n. ↓ قُصَّابٌ;] and ↓ قَصِيبَةٌ, (O, K,) of which the pl. is قَصَائِبُ, (TA,) signifies the same. (O, K.) b2: And A musical reed, or pipe; syn. مِزْمَارٌ: (S, M, K:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ قُصَّابٌ. (S, M, O.) See an ex. of the latter in a verse of El-Aashà (accord. to one relation thereof) cited voce قُصْبٌ. (S, M, O.) b3: See also قَصِيبَةٌ, in two places.

قَاصبٌ, applied to a he-camel and a she-camel, (ISk, S, M, O, K,) Abstaining from drinking before having satisfied thirst: (ISk, S, O:) or abstaining from drinking the water, and raising the head from it; (M, K;) and so ↓ قَصيبٌ, likewise applied to the he-camel and the she-camel: (K: [but this latter I think doubtful:]) or a camel (بَعِيرٌ) refusing to drink: (As, TA:) and ↓ مُقْتَصِبَةٌ is also said to be applied to a she-camel. (TA.) A2: And A raiser, or grower, of قَصَب [i. e. reeds, or canes]. (Mgh.) b2: See also قَصَّابٌ, in two places. b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Sounding thunder: (M:) and a cloud in which is thunder and lightning: (As, TA:) or, accord. to As, a cloud in which is thunder; (O;) [and] so says Az; (TA;) likened to a player on a musical reed, or pipe. (O, TA.) b4: And دِرَّةٌ قَاصِبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A stream of milk coming forth easily (M, O) from the teat of the udder (O) as though it were a rod of silver. (M, O.) b5: See, again, قَصَّابٌ, last sentence.

تَقْصِبَةٌ and تَقْصِيبَةٌ: see قَصِيبَةٌ; each in two places.

مَقْصَبَةٌ: see قَصَبٌ, first quarter.

مُقَصَّبٌ (tropical:) Hair curled in the manner expl. above, voce قَصِيبَةٌ. (S, A, O.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, folded. (Msb.) مُقَصِّبٌ (tropical:) One who wins, or acquires, the canes of the contest for victory (in racing يُحْرِزُ قَصَبَ السِّبَاقِ, A, O, K, TA, in the CK قَصَبَاتِ السِّباقِ) [i. e. in horse-racing]: and (tropical:) a fleet horse, that outstrips others. (A.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Milk upon which the froth is thick. (O, K.) مِقْصَابٌ may mean A place abounding with قَصَب [i. e. reeds, or canes]; like as مِعْشَابٌ means“ a place abounding with [herbage of the kind termed] عُشْب. ” (Ham p. 490.) مُقْتَصِبَهٌ: see قَاصِبٌ.

هَمَذَانُ:
بالتحريك، والذال معجمة، وآخره نون، في الإقليم الرّابع، وطولها من جهة المغرب ثلاث وسبعون درجة، وعرضها ست وثلاثون درجة، قال هشام بن الكلبي: همذان سميت بهمذان بن الفلّوج ابن سام بن نوح، عليه السّلام، وهمذان وأصبهان أخوان بنى كل واحد منهما بلدة، ووجد في بعض كتب السريانيين في أخبار الملوك والبلدان: إن الذي بنى همذان يقال له كرميس بن حليمون، وذكر بعض علماء الفرس أن اسم همذان إنما كان نادمه ومعناه المحبوبة، وروي عن شعبة أنه قال: الجبال عسكر وهمذان معمعتها وهي أعذبها ماء وأطيبها هواء، وقال ربيعة بن عثمان: كان فتح همذان في جمادى الأولى على رأس ستة أشهر من مقتل عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، وكان الذي فتحها المغيرة بن شعبة في سنة 24 من الهجرة، وفي آخر: وجّه المغيرة بن شعبة وهو عامل عمر بن الخطاب على الكوفة بعد عزل عمار بن ياسر عنها جرير بن عبد الله البجلي إلى همذان في سنة 23 فقاتله أهلها وأصيبت عينه بسهم فقال: أحتسبها عند الله الذي زين بها وجهي ونوّر لي ما شاء ثم سلبنيها في سبيله، وجرى أمر همذان على مثل ما جرى عليه أمر نهاوند وذلك في آخر سنة 23 وغلب على أرضها قسرا وضمّها المغيرة إلى كثير بن شهاب والي الدينور، وإليه ينسب قصر كثير في نواحي الدينور، وقال بعض علماء الفرس: كانت همذان أكبر مدينة بالجبال وكانت أربعة فراسخ في مثلها، طولها من الجبل إلى قرية يقال لها زينوآباذ، وكان صنف التجار بها وصنف الصيارف بسنجاباذ، وكان القصر الخراب الذي بسنجاباذ تكون فيه الخزائن والأموال، وكان صنف البزازين في قرية يقال لها برشيقان، فيقال إن بخت نصّر بعث إليها قائدا
يقال له صقلاب في خمسمائة ألف رجل فأناخ عليها وأقام يقاتل أهلها مدة وهو لا يقدر عليها، فلما أعيته الحيلة فيها وعزم على الانصراف استشار أهله فقالوا:
الرأي أن تكتب إلى بخت نصر وتعلمه أمرك وتستأذنه في الانصراف، فكتب إليه: أما بعد فإني وردت على مدينة حصينة كثيرة الأهل منيعة واسعة الأنهار ملتفة الأشجار كثيرة المقاتلة وقد رمت أهلها فلم أقدر عليها وضجر أصحابي المقام وضاقت عليهم الميرة والعلوفة فإن أذن لي الملك بالانصراف فقد انصرفت.
فلما وصل الكتاب إلى بخت نصر كتب إليه: أما بعد فقد فهمت كتابك ورأيت أن تصوّر لي المدينة بجبالها وعيونها وطرقها وقراها ومنبع مياهها وتنفذ إليّ بذلك حتى يأتيك أمري، ففعل صقلاب ذلك وصوّر المدينة وأنفذ الصورة إليه وهو ببابل، فلما وقف عليه جمع الحكماء وقال: أجيلوا الرأي في هذه الصورة وانظروا من أين تفتح هذه المدينة، فأجمعوا على أن مياه عيونها تحبس حولا ثم تفتح وترسل على المدينة فإنها تغرق، فكتب بخت نصر إلى صقلاب بذلك وأمره بما قاله الحكماء، ففتح ذلك الماء بعد حبسه وأرسله على المدينة فهدم سورها وحيطانها وغرق أكثر أهلها فدخلها صقلاب وقتل المقاتلة وسبى الذرّية وأقام بها فوقع في أصحابه الطاعون فمات عامتهم حتى لم يبق منهم إلا قليل ودفنوا في أحواض من خزف فقبورهم معروفة توجد في المحالّ والسكك إذا عمروا دورهم وخرّبوا، ولم تزل همذان بعد ذلك خرابا حتى كانت حرب دارا بن دارا والإسكندر فإن دارا استشار أصحابه في أمره لما أظله الإسكندر فأشاروا عليه بمحاربته بعد أن يحرز حرمه وأمواله وخزائنه بمكان حريز لا يوصل إليه ويتجرد هو للقتال، فقال:
انظروا موضعا حريزا حصينا لذلك، فقالوا له: إن من وراء أرض الماهين جبالا لا ترام وهي شبيهة بالسند وهناك مدينة منيعة عتيقة قد خربت وبارت وهلك أهلها وحولها جبال شامخة يقال لها همذان فالرأي للملك أن يأمر ببنائها وإحكامها وأن يجعل في وسطها حصنا يكون للحرم والخزائن والعيال والأموال ويبني حول الحصن دور القوّاد والخاصة والمرازبة ثم يوكل بالمدينة اثني عشر ألف رجل من خاصة الملك وثقاته يحمونها ويقاتلون عنها من رامها، قال: فأمر دارا ببناء همذان وبنى في وسطها قصرا عظيما مشرفا له ثلاثة أوجه وسماه ساروقا وجعل فيه ألف مخبإ لخزائنه وأمواله وأغلق عليه ثمانية أبواب حديد كل باب في ارتفاع اثني عشر ذراعا ثم أمر بأهله وولده وخزائنه فحوّلوا إليها وأسكنوها، وجعل في وسط القصر قصرا آخر صيّر فيه خواص حرمه وأحرز أمواله في تلك المخابىء، ووكل بالمدينة اثني عشر ألفا وجعلهم حراسا، وحكى بعض أهل همذان عنها مثل ما حكيناه أولا عن بخت نصر من حبس الماء وإطلاقه على البلد حتى خربه وفتحه، والله أعلم، ويقال إن أول من بنى همذان جم بن نوجهان بن شالخ بن أرفخشد بن سام بن نوح، عليه السّلام، وسماها سارو، ويعرب فيقال ساروق، وحصّنها بهمن بن إسفنديار، وإن دارا وجد المدينة حصينة المكان دارسة البناء فأعاد بناءها ثم كثر الناس بها في الزمان القديم حتى كانت منازلها تقدر بثلاثة فراسخ، وكان صنف الصاغة بها بقرية سنجاباذ واليوم تلك القرية على فرسخين من البلد، قال شيرويه في أخبار الفرس بلسانهم:
سارو جم كرد دارا كمر بست بهمن إسفنديار بسر آورد، معناه بنى الساروق جم ونطّقه دارا أي سوّره وعمم عليه سورا واستتمه وأحسنه بهمن بن إسفنديار، وذكر أيضا بعض مشايخ همذان أنها
أعتق مدينة بالجبل، واستدلوا على ذلك من بقية بناء قديم باق إلى الآن وهو طاق جسيم شاهق لا يدرى من بناه وللعامة فيه أخبار عامية ألغينا ذكرها خوف التهمة، وقال محمد بن بشار يذكر همذان وأروند:
ولقد أقول تيامني وتشاءمي ... وتواصلي ريما على همذان
بلد نبات الزعفران ترابه، ... وشرابه عسل بماء قنان
سقيا لأوجه من سقيت لذكرهم ... ماء الجوى بزجاجة الأحزان
كاد الفؤاد يطير مما شفّه ... شوقا بأجنحة من الخفقان
فكسا الربيع بلاد أهلك روضة ... تفترّ عن نفل وعن حوذان
حتى تعانق من خزاماك الذي ... بالجلهتين شقائق النعمان
وإذا تبجّست الثلوج تبجّست ... عن كوثر شبم وعن حيوان
متسلسلين على مذانب تلعة ... تثغو الجداء بها على الحملان
قال المؤلف: ولا شك عند كل من شاهد همذان بأنها من أحسن البلاد وأنزهها وأطيبها وأرفهها وما زالت محلّا للملوك ومعدنا لأهل الدين والفضل إلا أن شتاءها مفرط البرد بحيث قد أفردت فيه كتب وذكر أمره بالشعر والخطب وسنذكر من ذلك مناظرة جرت بين رجل من أهل الــعراق يقال له عبد القاهر بن حمزة الواسطي ورجل من همذان يقال له الحسين بن أبي سرح في أمرها فيه كفاية، قالوا:
وكانا كثيرا ما يلتقيان فيتحادثان الأدب ويتذاكران العلم وكان عبد القاهر لا يزال يذمّ الجبل وهواءه وأهله وشتاءه لأنه كان رجلا من أهل الــعراق وكان ابن أبي سرح مخالفا له كثيرا يذم الــعراق وأهله، فالتقيا يوما عند محمد بن إسحاق الفقيه وكان يوما شاتيا صادق البرد كثير الثلج وكان البرد قد بلغ من عبد القاهر مبالغه، فلما دخل وسلم قال: لعن الله الجبل ولعن ساكنيه وخص الله همذان من اللعن بأوفره وأكثره! فما أكدر هواءها وأشد بردها وأذاها وأشد مؤونتها وأقلّ خيرها وأكثر شرها، فقد سلط الله عليها الزمهرير الذي يعذب به أهل جهنم معما يحتاج الإنسان فيها من الدثار والمؤن المجحفة فوجوهكم يا أهل همذان مائلة وأنوفكم سائلة وأطرافكم خصرة وثيابكم متسخة وروائحكم قذرة ولحاكم دخانية وسبلكم منقطعة والفقر عليكم ظاهر والمستور في بلدكم مهتوك لأن شتاءكم يهدم الحيطان ويبرز الحصان ويفسد الطرق ويشعث الآطام، فطرقكم وحلة تتهافت فيها الدواب وتتقذر فيها الثياب وتتحطم الإبل وتخسف فيها الآبار وتفيض المياه وتكف السطوح وتهيج الرياح العواصف وتكون فيها الزلازل والخسوف والرعود والبروق والثلوج والدّمق فتنقطع عند ذلك السبل ويكثر الموت وتضيق المعايش، فالناس في جبلكم هذا في جميع أيام الشتاء يتوقعون العذاب ويخافون السخط والعقاب ثم يسمونه العدو المحاصر والكلب الكلب، ولذلك كتب عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، إلى بعض عماله: إنه قد أظلّكم الشتاء وهو العدو المحاصر فاستعدوا له الفراء واستنعلوا الحذاء، وقد قال الشاعر:
إذا جاء الشتاء فأدفئوني، ... فإن الشيخ يهدمه الشتاء
فالشتاء يهدم الحيطان فكيف الأبدان لا سيما شتاؤكم
الملعون، ثم فيكم أخلاق الفرس وجفاء العلوج وبخل أهل أصبهان ووقاحة أهل الريّ وفدامة أهل نهاوند وغلظ طبع أهل همذان على أن بلدكم هذا أشد البلدان بردا وأكثرها ثلجا وأضيقها طرقا وأوعرها مسلكا وأفقرها أهلا، وكان يقال أبرد البلدان ثلاثة: برذعة وقاليقلا وخوارزم، وهذا قول من لم يدخل بلدكم ولم يشاهد شتاءكم، وقد حدثني أبو جعفر محمد بن إسحاق المكتّب قال: لما قدم عبد الله بن المبارك همذان أوقدت بين يديه نار فكان إذا سخن باطن كفه أصاب ظاهرها البرد وإذا سخن ظاهرها أصاب باطنها البرد، فقال:
أقول لها ونحن على صلاء: ... أما للنار عندك حرّ نار؟
لئن خيّرت في البلدان يوما ... فما همذان عندي بالخيار
ثم التفت إلى ابن أبي سرح وقال: يا أبا عبد الله وهذا والدك يقول:
النار في همذان يبرد حرّها، ... والبرد في همذان داء مسقم
والفقر يكتم في بلاد غيرها، ... والفقر في همذان ما لا يكتم
قد قال كسرى حين أبصر تلّكم: ... همذان لا! انصرفوا فتلك جهنم
والدليل على هذا أن الأكاسرة ما كانت تدخل همذان لأن بناءهم متصل من المدائن إلى أزرميدخت من أسدآباذ ولم يجوزوا عقبة أسدآباذ، وبلغنا أن كسرى أبرويز همّ بدخول همذان فلما بلغ إلى موضع يقال له دوزخ دره، ومعناه بالعربية باب جهنم، قال لبعض وزرائه: ما يسمى هذا المكان؟ فعرّفه، فقال لأصحابه: انصرفوا فلا حاجة بنا إلى دخول مدينة فيها ذكر جهنم، وقد قال وهب بن شاذان الهمذاني شاعركم:
أما آن من همذان الرحيل ... من البلدة الحزنة الجامدة
فما في البلاد ولا أهلها ... من الخير من خصلة واحده
يشيب الشباب ولم يهرموا ... بها من ضبابتها الراكدة
سألتهم: أين أقصى الشتاء ... ومستقبل السنة الواردة؟
فقالوا: إلى جمرة المنتهى، ... فقد سقطت جمرة خامدة
وأيضا قد قال شاعركم:
يوم من الزمهرير مقرور ... على صبيب الضباب مزرور
كأنما حشوه جزائره ... وأرضه وجهها قوارير
يرمي البصير الحديد نظرته ... منها لأجفانه سمادير
وشمسه حرّة مخدّرة ... تسلّبت حين حمّ مقدور
تخال بالوجه من ضبابتها ... إذا حذت جلده زنابير
وقال كاتب بكر:
همذان متلفة النفوس ببردها ... والزمهرير، وحرّها مأمون
غلب الشتاء مصيفها وربيعها، ... فكأنما تموزها كانون
وسأل عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، رجلا: من أين أنت؟ فقال: من همذان، فقال: أما إنها مدينة همّ وأذى تجمد قلوب أهلها كما يجمد ماؤها، وقد قال شاعركم أيضا وهو أحمد بن بشّار يذم بلدكم وشدة برده وغلظ طبع أهله وما تحتاجون إليه من المؤن المجحفة الغليظة لشتائكم، وقيل لأعرابي دخل همذان ثم انصرف إلى البادية: كيف رأيت همذان؟
فقال: أما نهارهم فرقّاص وأما ليلهم فحمّال، يعني أنهم بالنهار يرقصون لتدفأ أرجلهم وبالليل حمّالون لكثرة دثارهم، ووقع أعرابيّ إلى همذان في الربيع فاستطاب الزمان وأنس بالأشجار والأنهار، فلما جاء الشتاء ورد عليه ما لم يعهده من البرد والأذى فقال:
بهمذان شقيت أموري ... عند انقضاء الصيف والحرور
جاءت بشرّ شرّ من عقور، ... ورمت الآفاق بالهرير
والثلج مقرون بزمهرير، ... لولا شعار العاقر النزور
أمّ الكبير وأبو الصغير ... لم يدف إنسان من الخصير
ولقد سمعت شيخا من علمائكم وذوي المعرفة منكم أنه يقول: يربح أهل همذان إذا كان يوم في الشتاء صافيا له شمس حارّة مائة ألف درهم، وقيل لابنة الحسن: أيّما أشد الشتاء أم الصيف؟ فقالت: من يجعل الأذى كالزّمّانة! لأن أهل همذان إذا اتفق لهم في الشتاء يوم صاف فيه شمس حارّة يبقى في أكياسهم مائة ألف درهم لأنهم يربحون فيه حطب الوقود وقيمته في همذان ورساتيقها في كل يوم مائة ألف درهم، وقيل لأعرابي: ما غاية البرد عندكم؟ فقال: إذا كانت السماء نقيّة والأرض نديّة والريح شاميّة فلا تسأل عن أهل البريّة، وقد جاء في الخبر أن همذان تخرب لقلة الحطب، ودخل أعرابيّ همذان فلما رأى هواءها وسمع كلام أهلها ذكر بلاده فقال:
وكيف أجيب داعيكم ودوني ... جبال الثلج مشرفة الرّعان
بلاد شكلها من غير شكلي، ... وألسنها مخالفة لساني
وأسماء النساء بها زنان، ... وأقرب بالزّنان من الزواني
فلما بلغ عبد القاهر إلى هذا المكان التفت إليه ابن أبي سرح وقال له: قد أكثرت المقال وأسرفت في الذمّ وأطلت الثّلب وطوّلت الخطبة، ثم صمد للإجابة فلم يأت بطائل أكثر من ذكر المفاخرة بين الصيف والشتاء والحر والبرد، ووصف أن بلادهم كثيرة الزهر والرياحين في الربيع وأنها تنبت الزعفران، وأن عندهم أنواعا من الألوان لا تكون في بلاد غيرهم، وأن مصيف الجبال طيّب فلم أر الإطالة بالإتيان به على وجهه، قالوا: وأقبل عبيد الله بن سليمان بن وهب إلى همذان في سنة 284 بمائة ألف دينار وسبعين ألف دينار بالكفاية على أن لا مؤونة على السلطان، وهي أربعة وعشرون رستاقا: همذان، وفرواز، وقوهياباذ، واناموج، وسيسار، وشراة العليا، وشراة الميانج، والاسفيذجان، وبحر، واباجر، وارغين، والمغارة، واسفيذار، والعلم الأحمر، وارناد، وسمير، وسردروذ، والمهران، وكوردور، وروذه، وساوه، وكان منها بسا وسلفانروذ وخرّقان ثم نقلت إلى قزوين، وهي ستمائة وستون قرية، وعملها من باب الكرج إلى سيسر طولا،
وعرضا من عقبة أسدآباذ إلى ساوه، قالوا: ومن عجائب همذان صورة أسد من حجر على باب المدينة يقال إنه طلسم للبرد من عمل بليناس صاحب الطلسمات حين وجّهه قباذ ليطلسم آفات بلاده، ويقال إن الفارس كان يغرق بفرسه في الثلج بهمذان لكثرة ثلوجها وبردها، فلما عمل لها هذا الطلسم في صورة الأسد قلّ ثلجها وصلح أمرها، وعمل أيضا على يمين الأسد طلسما للحيّات وآخر للعقارب فنقصت وآخر للغرق فأمنوه وآخر للبراغيث فهي قليلة جدّا بهمذان، ولما عمل بليناس هذه الطلسمات بهمذان استهان بها أهلها فاتخذ في جبلهم الذي يقال له أروند طلسما مشرفا على المدينة للجفاء والغلظ فهم أجفى الناس وأغلظهم طبعا، وعمل طلسما آخر للغدر فهم أغدر الناس فلذلك حوّلت الملوك الخزائن عنها خوفا من غدر أهلها، واتخذ طلسما آخر للحروب فليست تخلو من عسكر أو حرب، وقال محمد بن أحمد السلمي المعروف بابن الحاجب يذكر الأسد على باب همذان:
ألا أيها الليث الطويل مقامه ... على نوب الأيام والحدثان
أقمت فما تنوي البراح بحيلة، ... كأنك بوّاب على همذان
أطالب ذحل أنت من عند أهلها؟ ... أبن لي بحقّ واقع ببيان
أراك على الأيام تزداد جدّة، ... كأنك منها آخذ بأمان
أقبلك كان الدهر أم كنت قبله ... فنعلم أم ربّيتما بلبان؟
وهل أنتما ضدّان كلّ تفرّدت ... به نسبة أم أنتما أخوان؟
بقيت فما تفنى وأفنيت عالما ... سطا بهم موت بكل مكان
فلو كنت ذا نطق جلست محدثا، ... وحدثتنا عن أهل كل زمان
ولو كنت ذا روح تطالب مأكلا ... لأفنيت أكلا سائر الحيوان
أجنّبت شر الموت أم أنت منظر ... وإبليس حتى يبعث الثقلان
فلا هرما تخشى ولا الموت تتّقى ... بمضرب سيف أو شباة سنان
وعمّا قريب سوف يلحق ما بقي، ... وجسمك أبقى من حرا وأبان
قال: وكان المكتفي يهمّ بحمل الأسد من باب همذان إلى بغداد وذلك أنه نظر إليه فاستحسنه وكتب إلى عامل البلد يأمره بذلك، فاجتمع وجوه أهل الناحية وقالوا: هذا طلسم لبلدنا من آفات كثيرة ولا يجوز نقله فيهلك البلد، فكتب العامل بذلك وصعّب حمله في تلك العقاب والجبال والمدور، وكان قد أمر بحمل الفيلة لنقله على العجلة، فلما بلغه ذلك فترت نيته عن نقله فبقي مكانه إلى الآن، وقال شاعر أهل همذان وهو أحمد بن بشار يذم همذان وشدة برده وغلظ طبع أهله وما يحتاجون إليه من المؤن المجحفة الغليظة لشتائهم:
قد آن من همذان السير فانطلق، ... وارحل على شعب شمل غير متّفق
بئس اعتياض الفتى أرض الجبال له ... من الــعراق وباب الرزق لم يضق
أما الملوك فقد أودت سراتهم ... والغابرون بها في شيمة السّوق
ولا مقام على عيش ترنّقه ... أيدي الخطوب، وشرّ العيش ذو الرّنق
قد كنت أذكر شيئا من محاسنها ... أيّام لي فنن كاس من الورق
أرض يعذّب أهلوها ثمانية ... من الشهور كما عذّبت بالرّهق
تبقى حياتك ما تبقى بنافعة ... إلّا كما انتفع المجروض بالدمق
فإن رضيت بثلث العمر فارض به ... على شرائط من يقنع بما يمق
إذا ذوى البقل هاجت في بلادهم ... من جربيائهم نشّافة العرق
تبشّر الناس بالبلوى وتنذرهم ... ما لا يداوى بلبس الدّرع والدّرق
تلفّهم في عجاج لا تقوم لها ... قوائم الفيل فيل الماقط الشّبق
لا يملك المرء فيها كور عمّته ... حتى تطيّرها من فرط مخترق
فإن تكلم لاقته بمسكنة ... ملء الخياشيم والأفواه والحدق
فعندها ذهبت ألوانهم جزعا، ... واستقبلوا الجمع واستولوا على العلق
حتى تفاجئهم شهباء معضلة ... تستوعب الناس في سربالها اليقق
خطب بها غير هين من خطوبهم ... كالخنق ما منه من ملجا لمختنق
أمّا الغنيّ فمحصور يكابدها ... طول الشتاء مع اليربوع في نفق
يقول أطبق وأسبل يا غلام وأر ... خ السّتر واعجل بردّ الباب واندفق
وأوقدوا بتنانير تذكرهم ... نار الجحيم بها من يصل يحترق
والمملقون بها سبحان ربهم ... ماذا يقاسون طول الليل من أرق!
صبغ الشتاء، إذا حلّ الشتاء بها، ... صبغ المآتم للحسّانة الفنق
والذئب ليس إذا أمسى بمحتشم ... من أن يخالط أهل الدار والنّسق
فويل من كان في حيطانه قصر ... ولم يخصّ رتاج الباب بالغلق
وصاحب النسك ما تهدا فرائصه، ... والمستغيث بشرب الخمر في عرق
أمّا الصلاة فودّعها سوى طلل ... أقوى وأقفر من سلمى بذي العمق
تمسي وتصبح كالشيطان في قرن ... مستمسكا من حبال الله بالرّمق
والماء كالثلج، والأنهار جامدة، ... والأرض أضراسها تلقاك بالدّبق
حتى كأنّ قرون الغفر ناتئة ... تحت المواطئ والأقدام في الطرق
فكلّ غاد بها أو رائح عجل ... يمشي إلى أهلها غضبان ذا حنق
قوم غذاؤهم الألبان مذ خلقوا، ... فما لهم غيرها من مطعم أنق
لا يعبق الطيب في أصداغ نسوتهم، ... ولا جلودهم تبتلّ من عرق
فهم غلاظ جفاة في طباعهم ... إلّا تعلّة منسوب إلى الحمق
أفنيت عمري بها حولين من قدر ... لم أقو منها على دفع ولم أطق
قلت: وهذه القصيدة ليست من الشعر المختار وإنما كتبت للحكاية عن شرح حال همذان، وللشعراء أشعار كثيرة في برد همذان ووصف أروند، فأما أروند فقد ذكر في موضعه، وأما الأشعار التي قيلت في بردها ففي ما ذكرنا كفاية، وقال البديع الهمذاني فيها:
همذان لي بلد أقول بفضله، ... لكنه من أقبح البلدان
صبيانه في القبح مثل شيوخه، ... وشيوخه في العقل كالصبيان
وقال شيرويه: قال الأستاذ أبو العلاء محمد بن عليّ بن الحسن بن حستون الهمذاني الوزير من قصيدة:
يا أيها الملك الذي وصل العلا ... بالجود والإنعام والإحسان
قد خفت من سفر أطلّ عليّ في ... كانون في رمضان من همذان
بلد إليه أنتمي بمناسبي، ... لكنه من أقذر البلدان
صبيانه في القبح مثل شيوخه، ... وشيوخه في العقل كالصبيان
وقال شيرويه أيضا: إن سليمان بن داود، عليه السلام، اجتاز بموضع همذان فقال: ما بال هذا الموضع مع عظم مسيل مائه وسعة ساحته لا تبنى فيه مدينة! فقالوا: يا نبيّ الله لا يثبت أحد فيه لأن البرد ينصبّ فيه صبّا ويسقط الثلج قامة الرمح، فقال، عليه السّلام، لصخر الجني: هل من حيلة؟
قال: نعم، فاتخذ سبعا من حجر منقور ونصب طلسما للبرد وبنى المدينة، وقيل: أول من أسسها دارا الأكبر، قال كعب الأحبار: متى أراد الله أن يخرّب هذه المدينة سقط ذلك الطلسم فتخرب بإذن الله، قال شيرويه: والسبع هو الأسد المنحوت من الحجر الخورزني، وخورزن: جبل بباب همذان الموضوع على الكثيب الذي على ذنب الأسد، وهذا الأسد من عجائب همذان منحوت من صخرة واحدة وجوارحه غير منفصلة عن قوائمه كأنه ليث غابة ولم يزل في هذا الموضع منذ زمن سليمان، عليه السّلام، وقيل: من زمان قباذ الأكبر لأنه أمر بليناس الحكيم بعمله إلى سنة 319 فإن مرداويج دخل المدينة ونهب أهلها وسباهم فقيل له إن هذا السبع طلسم لهذه المدينة من الآفات وفيه منافع لأهله، فأراد حمله إلى الرّيّ فلم يقدر فكسرت يداه بالفطّيس.

عين

عَيِنَ(n. ac. عِيْنَة
عَيَن)
a. Had large, lustrous eyes.

عَيَّنَa. Determined, defined; distinguished; marked; designated;
specified, particularized; individualized, individuated.
b. [acc. & La], Marked out for, assigned, appointed, designed for.
c. Pierced, bored.
d. Budded, bloomed; formed eyes.
e. Poured water into (skin).
f. Sold on credit.
g. Reproved to his face.
h. Stirred up (war).

عَاْيَنَa. Saw, perceived, beheld; eyed, looked at.

أَعْيَنَa. see I (c)
تَعَيَّنَa. Looked at, eyed, scanned, surveyed
scrutinized.
b. Smote with the evil eye.
c. Was clear, evident, distinct; was defined, determined
specified.
d. ['Ala], Was special, peculiar to.
e. Was confounded.
f. [Fi] [ coll. ], Enlisted in (
the army ).
إِعْتَيَنَ
a. [La]
see I (d)b. Took the choice, the best of.

عَيْن (pl.
أَعْيُن
عُيُوْن أَعْيَاْن)
a. Eye; eyesight.
b. Hole, opening, aperture; mesh; link.
c. Look, glance; view; aspect, appearance, mien; form;
physiognomy.
d. Essence, substance; the best, the choice of.
e. Self.
f. Influence of the evil eye.
g. Lord, chief.
h. (pl.
أَعْيُن
عُيُوْن), Spring, course, well.
i. Property; cash, ready money; gold.
j. Usury.
k. Sun; rays of the sun.
l. Receptacle.
m. Spy, informer.
n. Certain, sure.
o. Knowledge.
P. Might.
q. Health; safety.
r. Thirst.
s. Second radical.
t. 'Ain (letter).
عَيْنِيَّة []
a. [ coll. ], Specimen, sample;
model.
عِيْنَة []
a. The best, the choice of.
b. Fine, goodly (garment).
c. Money paid in advance.

أَعْيَن [] (pl.
عِيْن)
a. Large-eyed.
b. Black.
c. Goodly, fine (sentence).
d. Receptacle.

مَعَان []
a. Place of seeing, beholding; place of alighting.

مَعِيْن []
a. Smitten.
b. Running (water).
عَائِن []
a. see 26b. Person, being.

عِيَان [] (pl.
عُيُن
أَعْيُنَة
16t)
a. Ploughshare.
b. Clear, evident, manifest, apparent.
c. see
N. Ac.
عَاْيَنَ
(عِيْن).
عِيَانِيّ []
a. Ocular.

عَيِّنa. Tearful.
b. Receptacle.

عَيُوْن [] (pl.
عِيْن
عُيُن)
a. Evil-eyed, malignant.

الاعْيَان []
a. [art.], Notables, leaders; aristocracy.
مَعْيُوْن [ N.
P.
a. I]
see 18
مُعَيَّن [ N. P.
a. II], Determinate, definite; individuated; fixed;
particularized; special, distinct, particular.
b. Figured with eyes (garment).
c. [ coll. ], Salary.
تَعْيِيْن [ N.
Ac.
a. II], Individuation, particularization
determination.
b. Appointment.

مُعَايِن [ N.
Ag.
a. III], Spectator, observer.

مُعَايَنَة [ N.
Ac.
عَاْيَنَ
(عِيْن)]
a. Beholding, viewing; view.
مُتَعَيِّن [ N.
Ag.
a. V]
see N. P.
عَيَّنَ
(a).
b. [ coll. ], Enlisted, enrolled.

مُعْتَانٍ [ N.
Ag.
a. VIII], Explorer.

عِيَانًا
a. Visibly, manifestly, publicly, openly.

بَيْع عِيْنَة
a. A sale on credit.

لَقِيْتُهُ عِيَانًا
a. I met him face to face.

عُيُوْن البَقَر
a. A species of grape.

عُيَيْنَة عُوَيْنَة
a. A small eye.
b. Eyelet.

عُوَيْنَات
a. [ coll. ], Spectacles;
eyeglasses.
رَأَيْتُهُ عَرْض عَيْن
a. I saw him nearly, obviously.

لَقِيتُهُ أَوَّل عَيْن
a. I met him the first thing.

عَلَى عَمْدِ عَيْن
a. Purposely, intentionally; earnestly.

هُو صَدِيْق عَيْن
a. He is a friend as long as he is in sight.

صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى عَيْن
a. He did that with care.

عَلَى الرَّأْسِ والعَيْن
a. Willingly ! With pleasure!

هُوَ عَيْنُهُ
a. It is himself.

طَلَبَ أَثَرًا بَعْدَ عَيْن
a. He left the real for the unreal.

مَا بِالدَّارِ عَيْن
a. There is no one in the house.

عَيْنُ الثَّور
a. The bull's eye ( a star in Taurus ).

عَيْنُ البَقَر
a. Buphthalmum, oxeye.

عَيْنُ الهِرّ
a. Cat's-eye (stone).
عَيْنُ الشَّمْس
a. Sun-flower.

عين

1 عَيْنٌ [app. as inf. n. of عَانَ, agreeably with analogy, (like as أَذْنٌ is of أَذَنَ, and أَنْفٌ of أَنَفَ, &c.,) aor. ـِ signifies The hitting, or hurting, [another] in the eye. (K.) b2: And The smiting with the [evil] eye: (K:) which is said in a trad. to be a reality. (TA.) You say, عِنْتُ الرَّجُلَ I smote the man with my [evil] eye. (S.) and إِنَّكَ لَجَمِيلٌ وَلَا أَعِنْكَ, meaning [Verily thou art beautiful,] and may I not smite thee with the [evil] eye; and ولا أَعِينُكَ, meaning and I will not smite thee &c. (Lh, TA.) And المَالَ ↓ تعيّن He (a man) smote the مال [i. e. cattle, or camels, &c.,] with an [evil] eye: (S:) or الأِبِلَ ↓ تعيّن, and ↓ اعتانها, and ↓ اعانها, he raised his eyes towards the camels, looking at them, and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades his eyes from the sun, (K, TA,) to smite them with an [evil] eye, (K, * TA,) and he so smote them. (TA) b3: عَانَ عَلَيْنَا, (S, TA,) aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. عَيَانَةٌ; (S, TA; [in one of my copies of the S, عِيَانَة;]) and لَنَا ↓ اعتان; both signify He was, or became, a spy, or scout, for us. (S, TA.) [Golius mentions also ↓ عاين, construed with ل, in this sense, as from the S; in which I do not find it.] And one says, لَنَا مَنْزِلًا ↓ اِذْهَبْ فَاعْتَنْ, Go thou, and look for, or seek, a place of alighting for us: (S:) and Lh says the like, making the verb trans. (TA.) And ↓ بَعَتْنَا عَيْنًا يَعْتَانُنَا, and يَعْتَانُ لَنَا; (K, TA;) and يَعِينُنَا, (K, TA, but omitted in the CK,) and يَعِينُ لَنَا, (El-Hejeree, TA,) inf. n. عَيَانَةٌ, (K, TA,) with fet-h, (TA) [in the CK عِيَانَة;]) i. e. [We sent a spy, or scout, to bring us information. (K, TA.) [See also مُعْتَانٌ.] b4: عان الدَّمْعُ, and المَآءُ, (S,) inf. n. عَيَنَانٌ (S, K) and عَيْنٌ, (K, TA,) The tears, and (tropical:) the water, flowed. (S, K. *) And عَانتِ البِئْرُ, inf n.

عَيْنٌ, The well had in it much water. (TA.) b5: And حَفَرْتُ حَتَّى عِنْتُ (assumed tropical:) I dug until I reached the springs, or sources: (S, TA:) and in like manner one says, المَآءَ ↓ أَعْيَنْتُ [I reached the water]: (S:) or, accord, to the T, one say, حَفَرَ

↓ الحَافِرُ فَأَعْيَنَ and ↓ أَعَانَ. meaning [The digger dug,] and reached the springs, or sources. (TA.) A2: عَيِنَ, (K,) inf. n. عَيَنٌ, (S, * K, [not, as in the CK, with the ى quiescent.]) and عِيْنَةٌ, (Lh, * K.) [He was wide in the eye: or large and wide therein: (see أَعْيَنُ:) or ] he was large in the black of the eye, with width [of the eye itself]. (K.) 2 عيّن اللّْؤْلُؤَةَ (assumed tropical:) He bored, perforated, or pierced, the pearl; (S, K, TA;) as though he made to it an eye. (TA.) b2: عيّن القِرْبَةَ He poured water into the skin in order that the stitchholes might become closed (S, K, TA) by swelling, (S,) it being new: and سَرَّبَهَا [q. v.] signifies the same, as mentioned by As, (TA.) A2: تَعْيِينُ الشَّئِ signifies (assumed tropical:) The individuating of a thing, or particularizing it; i. e. the distinguishing it from the generality, or aggregate. (S, Msb, TA) عيّنهُ means (assumed tropical:) He individuated it, &c.: and he particularized, or specified, it by words; mentioned it particularly, or specially. And عيّن لَه كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He appointed, or prescribed, for him, or he assigned to him, particularly, such a thing: and عيّن عَلَيْهِ كَذَا He appointed against him, or imposed upon him, particularly, such a thing]. Yousay, عَيَّنْتُ المَالَ لِزَيْدٍ (assumed tropical:) I assigned the property particularly, or specially, to Zeyd. (Msb.) and أَتَيْتُ فُلَانًا فَمَا عَيَّنَ لِى بِشَئٍْ and مَا عَيَّنَنِىبِشَئٍْ

i. e. (assumed tropical:) [I came to such a one,] and he did not give me anything: (Lh, TA:) or, as some say, he did not direct me to anything. (TA.) And عَيَّنَ عَلَى السَّارِقِ (assumed tropical:) He distinguished, or singled out, the thief from among the suspected persons: or, as some say, he manifested against the thief his theft. (TA.) And عَيَّنْتُ النِّيَّةَ فِى الصَّوْمِ (assumed tropical:) I purposed the performance of a particular fast. (Msb.) b2: عيّن فُلَانًا He told such a one to his face of his vices, or faults, or the like. (I. h, S, K.) A3: عيّن الحَرْبَ بَيْنَنَا i. q. أَدَارَهَا [He, or it, stirred war, or conflict, or the war or conflicet, between us, or among us]: so in the K in the L, ادرها [perhaps for أَدَرَّهَا, but more probably, I think, for أَدَارَهَا]. (TA.) A4: عيّن الشَّجَرُ The trees became beautiful and bright, and blossomed. (K. TA.) A5: عيّن الرَّجُلُ The man took [or bought] بِالعِينَةِ i. e. السَّلَفِ [meaning for payment in advance, accord. to all the explanations that I find of السَّلَف as used in buying and selling; but accord to the TK, upon credit, i. e. for payment at a future period, agreeably with an explanation of (??_ in the A and (??) (??) thin by reason of oldness: (TA:) [or it became lacerated, or worn in holes; as is shown by what here follows.] One says also, تَعَيَّنَتْ أَخْفَافُ الأِبِلِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The feet of the camels became lacerated [in the soles], or worn in holes, or blistered; like the water-skin of which one says تعيّن. (IAar, TA.) A6: تعيّن also signifies (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, clear, or distinct. (KL.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) It was or became, individuated, or particularized; i. e., distinguished from the generality, or aggregate. (KL,) [Thus signifying, it is quasi-pass. of عَيَّنَهُ. Hence it means (assumed tropical:) It had, or assumed, the quality of individuality. And (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, particularized. or specified, by words; mentioned particularly, or specially. And تعيّن لَهُ It was appointed, or prescribed, for him, or was assigned to him, particularly or peculiarly. And تعيّن عَلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) It was appointed against him, upon him, particularly. And hence.] one says, تعيّن عَلَيْهِ الشَّئْ, meaning لَزِمَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ, [i. e. : The thing was, or became, incumbent, or obligatory, on him in particular] (S, K.

A7: See also the next paragraph.8 إِعْتَيَنَ see 1, in tour places.

A2: اعتان الشَّئْ (assumed tropical:) He took the عَيْن of the thing, (S,) the (??) thereof. (S, TA.) [See also 8 in art. عون]) A3: And He bought the thing upon credit, for payment at a future (??) (S, Msb, (??) signifies he took (??) future time; (Mgh: [in which is expl. by the words أَخَذَ بِالعِينةِ, and in which عِينَة in a sale is expl. as meaning نَسِيْئَة;]) and so ↓ تعيّن; (KL;) [but Mtr says,] the saying تَعَيّنْ عَلَىّٰ حَرِيرًا as meaning اشْتَرِهْ بِبَيْعِ العِينَةِ I have not found. (Mgh,) [See also عيّن الرَّجُلُ expl. as meaning “ The man took بِالعينَةِ. ”]

عَيْنٌ is a homonym, applying to various things (Msb:) in the K. forty-seven (??) assigned to it; but it is said by MF that its meanings exceed a hundred; those occurring in the Kur-án are seventeen. (TA.,) By that which is app. its primary application, and which is by many affirmed to (??) (TA,) العَيْنُ signifies The eye: the organ of sight: (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA [in the S expl. by حَاسَّةُ الرُّؤْيَةِ, evidently used in this sense; in the Mgh, by المُبْصِرَةُ; in the Msb and K, by البَاصِرَةُ; and in a mater place in the K. by حَاسَّةُ الرُّؤْيَة, app. as meaning the sense of sight;]) also denoted [emphatically] by the term الجَارِحَةُ [i. e. the organ]; (TA;) it is that with which the looker sees: (ISk, TA;) and is of a human being and of any other animal: (TA;) (??) is of the fem. gender; (S, K:) and the pl. [of mult.] as عُيُونٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) also pronounced عُيونٌ, (K, [in which وَتُكْسَرُ, immediately following عُيُونٌ, has been erroneously supposed by Golius and Freytag to relate to the sing.,]) and [of pause أَعْيَانٌ and أَعْيُنٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) which last is asserted by Lh to be sometimes a pl. of mult., as it is in the Kur vii. [178 and] 194; (TA.) and pl. pl. أَعْيُنَاتٌ: (K:) the dim. is ↓ عُيَيْنَةٌ, (S.) Hence the saying in a trad. of 'Alee, قَاسَ عَيْنًا بِبَيْضَةٍ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهَا خُطُوطًا [He measured the reach of an eye by means of an egg upon which he made lines]. (Mgh.) And [hence also] one says, بِعَيْنٍ

مَّا أَرَيَنَّكَ [lit. With some eye I will assuredly see thee]: it is said to one whom you send, and require to be quick; and means (assumed tropical:) pause not for anything, for it is as though I were looking at thee. (TA. [See also art. رأى.]) And لَقِيتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ [I met him so that] I saw him with [or before] my eye, he not seeing me. (S, TA.) [And رَأَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ or عُنَّةَ, which see in art. عن. And أَعْطَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةَ and عُنَّة, which also see in art. عن.] and رَأَيْتُهُ عَرْضَ عَيْنٍ I saw him, or it, obviously; nearly. (TA, voce عَرْضٌ, q. v.) And هَا هُوَ عَرْضُ عَيْنٍ [or عَرْضَ عَيْنٍ?] i. e. [Lo, he, or it, is] near [before thee]: and in like manner, هُوَ مِنِّى عَيْنُ عُنَّةٍ [or عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ? i. e. He is near before me]. (K.) and لَقِيتُهُ أَوَّلَ عَيْنٍ, (S, K,) and أَوَّلَ ذِى عَيْنٍ and ↓ عَائِنَةٍ, (TA,) I met him, or it, the first thing: (S, K, TA:) and before every [other] thing; as also ↓ أَوَّلَ عَائِنَةٍ and أَدْنَى عَائِنَةٍ: (S:) or this last means the nearest thing perceived by the eye. (TA.) And فَعَلْتُ ذَاكَ عَمْدَ عَيْنٍ and عَمْدًا عَلَى

عَيْنٍ (assumed tropical:) I did that purposely, with seriousness, or earnestness, and certainty: (S:) or صَنَعَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى

عَيْنٍ and عَلَى عَيْنَيْنِ, (K, TA,) and عَمْدَ عَيْنٍ and عَمْدَ عَيْنَيْنِ, (K,) or عَلَى عَمْدِ عَيْنٍ and عَلَى عَمْدِ عَيْنَيْنِ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He did that purposely, (Lh, K, TA,) with seriousness, or earnestness, and certainty. (K.) And هُوَ عَبْدُ عَيْنٍ (tropical:) He is like the slave to thee as long as thou seest him, (S, K, * TA,) but not when thou art absent; and so هُوَ عَبْدُ العَيْنِ: (S:) or he is a man who pretends, or feigns, to thee, his doing that which he does not perform: (TA:) and (K, TA) in this sense, (TA,) one says also, هُوَ صَدِيقُ عَيْنٍ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [He is a friend, or a true friend,] as long as thou seest him: (K, TA:) and هُوَ أَخُو عَيْنٍ (assumed tropical:) He is one who acts as a friend hypocritically with thee. (TA.) أَنْتَ عَلَى عَيْنِى is said in relation to honouring and protecting: (S, K, TA:) [accordingly I would render it (tropical:) Thou art entitled to be honoured and protected by me above my eye: for the eye is esteemed the most excellent of the organs, (as is said in this art. in the TA,) and it is that which most needs protection:] أَنْتَ عَلَى رَأْسِى is said in relation to honouring only. (TA.) And the Arabs say, عَلَى

عَيْنِى قَصَدْتُ زَيْدًا, meaning thereby the regarding with solicitude mixed with fear [so that I would render it (assumed tropical:) As one to be regarded with solicitude mixed with fear above my eye I made Zeyd the object to which my mind was directed]. (TA.) [See another ex. of عَلَى عَيْنِى (in which it cannot be rendered as above) in a later part of this paragraph.] نَعِمَ اللّٰهُ بِكَ عَيْنًا [in the CK نَعَّمَ, which is wrong,] means the same as أَنْعَمَهَا. (K. [See both in art. نعم.]) قُرَّةُ العَيْنِ [signifying مَا قَرَّتْ بِهِ العَيْنُ, as expl. in the M and K in art. قر, i. e. That by which, or in consequence of which, the eye becomes cool, or refrigerated, or refreshed, &c.,] is a phrase used as meaning (assumed tropical:) A man's child or offspring. (TA.) فَقَأَ عَيْنَهُ [properly signifying He put out his eye, or blinded it, &c.,] means [sometimes] (tropical:) he struck him; or struck him vehemently with a broad thing, or with anything; or slapped him with his hand: (صَكَّهُ:) or he was rough, rude, or ungentle, to him in speech. (TA.) اَلَّذِى فِيهِ عَيْنَاكَ means Thy head. (TA. [There mentioned preceded by لاتحرمَن: thus dubiously, and perhaps incorrectly, written. What is means, or should be, I know not.]) b2: عَيْنُ الثَّوْرِ (assumed tropical:) (The eye of the Bull;] the great red star [a] that is upon the southern eye of Taurus, and also [more commonly] called الدَّبَرَانُ. (Kzw, Descr. of Taurus.) [and عَيْنُ الرَّامِى (assumed tropical:) The eye of Sagittarius; app. the two stars v, on the eye thereof.] b3: عَيْنُ البَقَرِ (assumed tropical:) [The buphthalmum, or ox-eye;] the [plant called] بَهَار [q. v.]. (S in art. بهر.) And عُيُونُ البَقَرِ (tropical:) A sort of grapes, (S, K, TA,) black, (K, TA,) but not intensely so, large in the berries, (TA,) and round, (K, TA,) which are converted into raisins, and are not very sweet: so says AHn: thus called as being likened to the eyes of the animals termed بَقَر: (TA:) they are found in Syria: (S:) or said by some to be peculiar to Syria. (TA.) and Certain black إِجَّاص [or plums]: (K, TA:) thus called for the same reason. (TA.) b4: عَيْنُ الهِرِّ (assumed tropical:) [Cat's-eye;] a certain stone, well known, of no utility. (TA.) A2: [فَتَحَ هَيْنَ النَّارِ means (assumed tropical:) He made an opening in the live coals of the fire, that had become compacted; in order that it might burn up well. (See 1 in art. سخو and سخى.)] b2: and عَيْنٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The عَيْن [i. e. eye] of the needle: such as is narrow is termed عَيْنُ صَفِيَّة [in which the latter word is app. a proper name, and, as such and of the fem. gender, imperfectly decl., i. e., in this case, written صَفِيَّةَ]. (TA.) b3: Also, as being likened to the organ [of sight] in form, or appearance, (tropical:) A [small round hole or] place of perforation in a [leathern water-bag such as is called] مَزَادَة. (TA.) And (tropical:) Thin circles, or rings, or round places, in a skin, (S, K, TA,) which are a fault therein, (S, TA,) like أَعْيُن [or eyes; or one of such thin circles &c.]; being likened to the organ [of sight] in form. (TA.) [See 10.] And (K) (tropical:) A fault, or defect, (K, TA,) of this description, in a skin. (TA.) b4: And (tropical:) The small hollow or cavity of the knee; (S, K; in [some of] the copies of the latter of which, الرَّكِيَّة is erroneously put for الرُّكْبَة; TA;) likened to the socket of the eye: (TA:) each knee has عَيْنَانِ [i. e. two small hollows or cavities, the articular depressions for the condyles of the femur], in the fore part thereof, at [the joint of] the سَاق. (S, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The piece of skin [or small leathern receptacle] in which are put the بُنْدُق [or bullets] (K, TA) that are shot from the قَوْس [app. meaning the large kind of cross-bow, called balista, or ballista]: (K, * TA:) likened to the organ [of sight] in form. (TA.) b6: [In the B, accord. to the TA, it is also expl. as meaning the سنام: but this, I think, is most probably a mistranscription for سَام (q. v.) as signifying (assumed tropical:) The hollow, or cavity, in the ground, thus called, in which water remains, or stagnates, and collects.] And (tropical:) The place [or aperture] whence the water of a قَنَاة [i. e. pipe, or the like,] pours forth: (K, TA:) as being likened to the organ [of sight] because of the water that is in it. (TA.) And, (K, TA,) for the same reason, (TA,) (tropical:) The place whence issues the water of a well. (TA.) And, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) for the same reason, as is said by Er-Rághib, (TA,) (tropical:) The عَيْن, (S, Msb,) or source, or spring, (K, TA,) of water, (S, Msb, K, TA,) that wells forth from the earth, or ground, and runs: (TA:) [and accord. to the Msb, it app. signifies a running spring:] of the fem. gender: (TA:) pl. عُيُونٌ and أَعْيُنٌ, (Msb, K,) and accord. to ISk, sometimes the Arabs said, as a pl. thereof, أَعْيَانٌ, but this is rare. (Msb.) Hence a saying, in a trad., cited and expl. voce سَاهِرٌ. (TA.) Also (assumed tropical:) Abundance of water of a well. (TA.) And A drop of water. (TA.) عَيْنُ المَآءِ, [originally signifying “ the source of water,”] accord. to Th, means (assumed tropical:) Life for men; thus in the following verse: أُولَائِكَ عَيْنُ المَآءِ فِيهِمْ وَعِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الخِيفَةِ المَنْجَاةُ وَالمُتَحَوَّلُ (assumed tropical:) [Those, life for men is among them; and with them are the means of safety, and the place of removal, from fear]: accord. to the A, عَيْنُ المَآءِ فِيهِمْ means good, or means of attaining good, and provision of corn, or abundance of the produce of the earth, are among them. (TA.) b7: Also (assumed tropical:) The عَيْن [meaning eye, or bud, (thus called in the present day,)] of a tree. (Es-Subkee, TA.) b8: [and (tropical:) Sprouting herbage; as being likened to the eye or eyes:] one says, نَظَرَتِ البِلَادُ بِعَيْنٍ or بِعَيْنَيْنِ [lit. (tropical:) The lands looked with an eye or with two eyes], meaning, had their herbage come forth: (K:) or it is said when their herbage comes forth: or, as in the A, when that which cattle depasture comes forth without [as yet] becoming firm [in the ground, or firmly rooted]: taken from the saying of the Arabs, إِذَا سَقَطَتِ الجَبْهَةُ نَظَرَتِ الأَرْضُ بِإِحْدَى عَيْنَيْهَا فَإِذَا سَقَطَتِ الصَّرْفَةُ نَظَرَتْ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا (assumed tropical:) [lit. When El-Jebheh (the 10th Mansion of the Moon) sets aurorally (i. e. about the 11th of Feb., O. S.), the land looks with one of its eyes; the, when Es-Sarfeh (the 12th Mansion) sets aurorally (about the 9th of March), it looks with both of them]. (TA. [See also art. نظر.]) A3: عَيْنٌ also, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) as being likened to the organ of sight, (TA,) signifies (tropical:) A spy; and ↓ ذُو العُيَيْنَتَيْنِ [in the CK ذُو العَيْنَتَيْنِ], in like manner, signifies the spy, (S, K, TA,) and ↓ ذُو العُوَيْنَتَيْنِ likewise, and ذُو العَيْنَيْنِ: (TA:) he who looks for a people, or party: (M, TA:) the watcher, or observer; (S, * K, * TA;) or the scout: (S, * Msb, K, * TA:) masc. and fem.: (M, TA:) accord. to the opinion of ISd, made by some to accord with a part [i. e. the eye], and therefore fem.; and by some, to accord with the whole [person], and therefore masc.: (TA:) pl. عُيُونٌ and أَعْيُنٌ, and, accord. to ISk, sometimes أَعْيَانٌ. (Msb.) b2: And i. q. مُكَاشِفٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) A discoverer, or revealer, of tidings &c.]. (Es-Subkee, TA.) A4: [And (assumed tropical:) An eye as meaning a look, i. e. an act of looking: and hence, a stroke of an evil eye: or, simply, an evil eye: a meaning of frequent occurrence.] أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا عَيْنٌ (assumed tropical:) [An evil eye smote such a one] is said of a person when an enemy or an envier has looked at him and produced such an effect upon him that he has fallen sick in consequence thereof (TA.) [عَيْنُ الكَمَالِ is applied to an eye believed to have the power of killing by its glance: see an ex. voce فَقَأَ.] b2: And (assumed tropical:) Sight with the eye [or before the eyes; or ocular view]: thus in the saying, لَا أَطْلُبُ أَثَرًا بَعْدَ عَيْنٍ (assumed tropical:) [I will not seek a trace, or vestige, (or, as we rather say in English, a shadow,) after an ocular view]: (S, TA:) or the meaning is, after suffering a reality, or substance, to escape me: (Har pp. 120 and 174: [this latter rendering being agreeable with explanations of عَيْنٌ which will be found in a later part of this paragraph:]) i. e. I will not leave the thing when I see it ocularly, and seek the trace or vestige, thereof, after its [the thing's] disappearing from me: and the origin of it was the fact that a man saw the slayer of his brother, and when he desired to slay him, he [the latter] said, “ I will ransom myself with a hundred she-camels; ” whereupon he [the other] said, لَسْتُ

أَطْلُبُ أَثَرًا بَعْدَ عَيْنٍ; and slew him: (TA:) it is a prov., thus, or, as some relate it, لَا تَطْلُبْ. (Har p. 120.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Look, or view. (K, TA.) It is said in the Kur [xx. 40], وَالتُصْنَعَ عَلَى عَيْنِى, (S, TA,) and it has been expl. as there having this meaning [i. e. (assumed tropical:) And this I did that thou mightest be reared and nourished in my view], as in the B; or, as Th says, that thou mightest be reared where I should see thee: (TA:) or the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) in my watch, or guard, (Bd, * Jel,) and my keeping, or protection. (Jel. [It is implied by the context in the S, that عَلَى عَيْنِى is said in this instance in relation to honouring and protecting, as it is in a phrase mentioned in the first quarter of this paragraph; but my rendering of it there is obviously inapplicable here. See also 1 in art. صنع.]) And in like manner it has been expl. as used in the Kur [xi. 39], وَاصْنَعِ الْفُلْكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا (assumed tropical:) [And make thou the ark in our view]. (TA.) [In like manner, also,] فَأْتُوا بِهِ عَلَى أَعْيُنِ النَّاسِ, in the Kur [xxi. 62], means عَلَى مَنْظَرِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) [i. e. Then bring ye him in the view of the people; منظر being here evidently an inf. n.]; (B, TA:) or [bring ye him] openly, or conspicuously. (Jel.) A5: And (assumed tropical:) The مَنْظَر [as meaning aspect, or outward appearance], (S, K,) and شَاهِد [meaning the same as being an evidence of the intrinsic qualities], (S,) of a man. (S, K.) So in the saying of El-Hajjáj to El-Hasan [ElBasree, when he (the former) had asked مَا أَمَدُكَ

“ What was the time of thy birth? ” and the latter had answered (see أَمَدٌ)], لَعَيْنُكَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أَمَدِكَ (assumed tropical:) [Verily thy aspect is greater than thy age], أَمَدِكَ meaning سِنِّكَ. (S.) And it is said in a prov., إِنَّ الجَوَادَ عَيْنُهُ فُرَارُهُ (assumed tropical:) [Verily the fleet and excellent horse, his aspect is (equivalent to) the examination of his teeth]: (S, TA: [accord. to the latter, عَيْنُهُ meaning شَاهِدُهُ:]) i. e. his external appearance renders it needless for thee to try him and to examine his teeth. (S and K in art. فر, q. v.) A6: Also, [by a synecdoche, as when it means “ a spy,”] (assumed tropical:) A human being: (K:) and any one: (S, K:) [in which sense, as when it means “ a spy,” it may be masc. or fem.:] and human beings: (S:) or a company [of people]; (K;) as also ↓ عَيَنٌ: (S, K:) and the people of a house or dwelling: (K:) and so ↓ عَيَنٌ; (S, K;) and the people of a town or country; as also ↓ عَيَنٌ. (K.) One says, مَا بِهَا عَيْنٌ (assumed tropical:) There is not in it any one; (S, K, TA;) [i. e. بِالدَّارِ in the house, or dwelling;] as also ↓ عَيَنٌ, (TA,) and ↓ عَائِنٌ, (S, TA,) and ↓ عَائِنَةٌ: (TA:) and مَا بِهَا عَيْنٌ تَطْرِفُ [virtually meaning the same, but fit. There is not in it an eye twinkling]. (TA.) And ↓ مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ عَائِنَةً i. e. (assumed tropical:) [I was not there] a human being. (TA.) And بَلَدٌ قَلِيلُ العَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [A town, or country,] having few human beings, (S.) or few people. (TA.) A7: and (assumed tropical:) A lord, chief, or chief personage: (K, TA:) in [some of] the copies of the K, السدّ or الشدّ is erroneously put for السَّيِّدُ: (TA:) the great, or great and noble, person of a people or party: (K, TA:) and the head, chief, or commander, of an army: (TA:) the pl. is أَعْيَانٌ: (TA:) which signifies [lords, chiefs, or chief personages: &c.: and] the eminent, or high-born, or noble, individuals (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) of a people, or party, (S, Mgh,) or of men; (Msb;) and the most excellent persons. (TA.) b2: Hence, (Mgh, Msb,) as pl. of عَيْنٌ, (K,) أَعْيَانٌ signifies also ا Brothers from the same father and mother: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) this brotherhood is termed ↓ مُعَايَنَةٌ: (S, K:) and أَوْلَادُ الأَعْيَانِ means the sons of the same father and mother. (Msb in art. عل. [See عَلَّةٌ.]) b3: Also. the sing., (assumed tropical:) The choice, or best, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) of a thing, (S, K,) or of goods, or household-goods, or furniture and utensils, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) and of camels, or cattle, or other property, (TA,) and so ↓ عِينَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) of which the pl. is عِيَنٌ, (TA,) like عِيمَةٌ: (S:) ↓ عِينَةُ الخَيْلِ signifies (assumed tropical:) the fleet and excellent of horses. (Lh, TA.) And (assumed tropical:) Highly prized, in much request, or excellent. (TA.) And, as applied to a deenár, (assumed tropical:) Outweighing, so that the balance inclines with it. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) i. q. مَالٌ, (K, TA,) [i. e. Property, or such as consists of camels or cattle,] when of a choice. or of the best, sort. (TA.) A8: and (assumed tropical:) Such as is ready, or at hand, (K, TA,) present, (TA,) or within one's power, or reach, (S, TA,) of property. (S, K, TA.) And (assumed tropical:) Anything present, or ready, (K, TA,) found before one. (TA.) You say, بِعْتُهُ عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ (assumed tropical:) I sold it ready merchandise for ready money. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) Ready money; cash: or simply money: syn. نَقْدٌ: (T, Mgh, Msb, TA:) not عَرْضٌ [q. v.]: (Mgh:) and sometimes, دَرَاهِمُ. (Msb.) So in the saying عَيْنٌ غَيْرُ دَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [Ready money, not debt]. (TA.) And [hence also] one says, اِشْتَرَيْتَ بِالدَّيْنِ أَوْ بِالعَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [Didst thou buy on credit or with ready money?]. (Msb.) b3: And ا A present gift. (Mgh, TA.) So in the saying (Mgh, TA) of a rájiz (TA) satirizing a man, (Mgh,) وَعَيْنُهُ كَالكَالِئِ الضِّمَارِ [And his present gift is a thing not hoped for, like the unseen debt of which the payment is deferred by the creditor:] meaning, his present gift is like the absent that is not hoped for. (Mgh, TA.) [And hence, app.,] أَصَابَتْهُ عَيْنٌ مِنْ عُيُونِ اللّٰهِ, occurring in a trad., means, خَاصَّةٌ مِنْ خَوَاصِّ اللّٰهِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) A particular, or special, gift of God betided him]. (TA.) b4: Also (assumed tropical:) A deenár: (S, K:) or deenárs; (Az, TA;) [i. e.] coined gold; (Mgh, Msb; *) different from وَرِقٌ [which signifies “ coined silver or “ dirhems ”]. (Mgh.) They said, عَلَيْهِ مِائَةٌ عَيْنًا (assumed tropical:) [On him is incumbent the payment of a hundred deenars]: but properly one should say عَيْنٌ, because it is identical with what precedes it (Sb, TA.) b5: And The half of a dánik [app. deducted] from seven deenars: (K, TA:) mentioned by Az. (TA.) b6: And (tropical:) Gold, (K, TA,) in a general sense; as being likened to the organ [of sight], in that the former is the most excellent of the metals, like as the latter is the most excellence of the organs. (TA.) A9: And (tropical:) The sun itself; (A, K, TA;) as being likened to the organ [of sight], because the former is the most noble of the stars, like as the latter is the most noble of the organs. (TA:) or (K, TA) the عَيْن of the sun; (S, Msb, TA;) i. e. the شُعَاع thereof; (K, TA,) [meaning its rays, or beams,] upon which the eye will act remain fixed: (TA:) or [more commonly] the عَيْن means the قُرْص [q. v., that is disk] of the sun. (KL.) [Using it in the first of these senses.] one says, طَلَعَتِ العَيْنُ (tropical:) [The sun rose], and غَابَتِ العَيْنُ [The sun set]. (Lh, TA.) A10: And (assumed tropical:) A thing's نَفْس [i. e. its self]; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) and its ذَات [which means the same]; (K, TA:) and its شَخْص, which means nearly, or rather exactly, the same as its ذات; (TA;) [and likewise a man's person, as does also ↓ عِيَانٌ, (see exs. in Har pp. 20 and 45,) and the material substance of a thing;] and its أَصْل [as meaning its essence, or constituent substance]: (TA:) pl. أَعْيَانٌ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) not أَعْيُنٌ nor عُيُونٌ. (Mgh, TA.) One says, هُوَ هُوَ عَيْنًا and هُوَ هُوَ بِعَيْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) (It is it itself, or he is he himself]: (S, TA:) بِ when prefixed to عَيْن, [thus] used as a corroborative, being redundant. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) and لَا آخُذُ إِلَّا دِرْهَمِى بِعَيْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) [I will not take aught save my dirhem itself]. (S.) And أَخَذْتُ مَالِى

بِعَيْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) I took my property itself. (Msb.) and هذِهِ أَعْيَانُ دَرَاهِمِكَ (Lh, TA) and دَرَاهِمُكَ بِأَعْيَانِهَا (Lh, Mgh, * Msb, TA) (assumed tropical:) These are thy dirhems themselves]. And هُمْ إِخْوَتُكَ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) [They are thy brothers themselves]. (Msb.) And عَيْنُ الرِّبَا occurs in a trad. as meaning (assumed tropical:) Usury itself. (TA.) [مَوْضِعٌ بِعَيْنِهِ, a phrase very frequently occurring in the L and TA &c., means (assumed tropical:) A certain, or particular, place: and in a similar manner بِعَيْنِهِ is used after the mention of a plant &c.] One says also جَآءَ بِالأَمْرِ مِنْ عَيْنٍ صَافِيَةٍ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [He brought forth, brought to light, or declared, the affair] from its very essence. (TA.) And بِالحَقِّ بِعَيْنِهِ means (assumed tropical:) With truth, clearly and manifestly. (TA.) [In grammar, اِسْمُ عَيْنٍ means (assumed tropical:) A real substantive; the name of a real thing; also termed اِسْمُ ذَاتٍ; and sometimes termed عَيْنٌ alone: opposed to اِسْمُ مَعْنًى i. e. an ideal substantive.]

A11: عَيْنٌ ثَاقِبَةٌ means (assumed tropical:) Certain, or sure, news or information. (A and TA in art. ثقب.) A12: And العَيْنُ [sometimes] signifies (assumed tropical:) Knowledge; [or rather sure, or certain, and manifest, knowledge;] which is also termed عَيْنُ اليَقِينِ. (TA.) A13: And (assumed tropical:) Might (العِزُّ). (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Health and safety (العَافِيَةُ). (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Thirst; and so الغَيْنُ. (TA in art. غين.) A14: And (assumed tropical:) The صُورَة [which generally means form, or the like: but it has many other significations; one of which is essence, before mentioned as a meaning of عَيْنٌ]. (TA.) A15: And it signifies also النَّاحِيَةٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) The part, or point, towards which one directs himself]: (K, TA:) or, accord. to some, particularly that of the قِبْلَة [i. e. that towards which one directs his face in prayer]: (TA:) [or] it signifies also the true direction of the قِبْلَة: (K, TA:) or the part that is on the right of the قِبْلَة of El-'Irák: [whence] one says, نَشَأَتِ السَّحَابَةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ العَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [The cloud rose from the part on the right of the قبلة of El-'Irák]: (S: [see also خَسْفٌ:]) or this means, from the direction of the قبلة of El-'Irak; and the Arabs say that this scarcely ever, or never, breaks its promise [of giving rain]: when it rises from the direction of the sea, and then goes northward, one says عَيْنٌ غُدَيْقَةٌ; and this is usually most disposed to rain: (TA:) غُدَيْقَة is a dim. of magnification, meaning abounding with water. (TA in art. غدق.) Also (assumed tropical:) The clouds (سَحَاب) that have come from the direction of the قِبْلَة: (K, * TA:) or, from the direction of the قبلة of El-'Irák: or, from the right thereof: (K, TA:) and it is said in the B to signify [simply] السَّحَابُ [the clouds]; (TA;) and so الغَيْنُ. (TA in art. غين.) And, accord. to Th, مَطَرُ العَيْنِ signifies (assumed tropical:) The rain that is from the direction of the قِبْلَة: or, from the direction of the قبلة of El-'Irák: or, from the right thereof. (TA.) The saying of the Arabs مُطِرْنَا بِالعَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [We were, or have been, rained upon by the عين] is allowed by some, but disapproved by others. (TA.) b2: And [hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) The rain that continues during some days, (S, K, TA,) some say five, and some say six, or more, (TA,) without clearing away. (S, K, TA.) A16: عَيْنٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Usury; syn. رِبًا; (K, TA; [see also عَيْنُ الرِّبَا above;]) and so ↓ عِينَةٌ. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) An inclining in the balance; (Kh, Mgh, K, TA;) said to be the case in which one of the two scales thereof outweighs the other: (TA:) one says, فِى المِيزَانِ عَيْنٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) In the balance is an unevenness; (S, TA;) a little inclining in the tongue thereof: and the word is fem. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The tongue [or cock, itself,] of the balance. (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A scale of a balance; i. e. either of the two scales thereof. (TA.) Also (assumed tropical:) A small بَيْت [meaning partition, or part divided from the rest,] in a chest. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A مِحَشَّة [app. meaning a thing in which حَشِيش, or dry herbage, is put]. (TA.) b3: [And (assumed tropical:) Either half, or one side, of a خُرْج, or pair of saddle-bags.] And A certain bird, (K, TA,) yellow in the belly, أَخْضَر [generally in a case of this kind meaning of a dingy, or dark, ash-colour or dust-colour] in the back; of the size of the [species of collared turtle-dove called]

قُمْرِىّ. (TA.) Also (assumed tropical:) [The letter ع;] one of the letters of the alphabet, (S, K,) of those termed حَلْقِيَّة and مَهْجُورَة. (K. [See art. ع.]) b2: and (assumed tropical:) The middle [radical letter] of a word [of the triliteral-radical class; the root of such a word being represented by فعل]. (TA.) b3: In the calculation by means of the letters ا, ب, ج, د, &c., it denotes Seventy. (TA.) عِينٌ, originally عُيْنٌ, pl. of أَعْيَنُ [q. v.]: (S, K: *) A2: and also, (as a contraction of عُيُنٌ, IB, TA,) pl. of عِيَانٌ: (AA, S, IB:) [and of عَيُونٌ.]

عَيَنٌ The quality denoted by the epithet أَعْيَنُ [q. v.; i. e. width in the eye; &c.]; (S;) and so ↓ عِينَةٌ. (Lh, TA.) [See also 1, last sentence; where both are mentioned as inf. ns.]

A2: See also عَيْنٌ, in the third quarter of the paragraph, in four places.

A3: And see the paragraph here following.

عِينَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: Also The part that surrounds the eye of a ewe; (K, TA;) like the مَحْجِر of a human being. (TA.) b3: And Goodly appearance: so in the saying, هٰذَا ثَوْبُ عِينَةٍ [This is a garment of goodly appearance]. (S, K) b4: See also عَيْنٌ, latter half, in three places. b5: Also i. q. سَلَفٌ [in buying and selling; i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain future period with something additional to the equivalent of the current price at the time of such payment: or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain future period: but it seems to be in most cases used in one or another of the senses expl. in what here follows]. (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA.) and one says, بَاعَهُ بِعِينَةٍ meaning بِنَسِيْئَةٍ [i. e. He sold it upon credit, for payment at a future time]: (A, Mgh: [see 8:]) or, as some say, [and more commonly,] العِينَةُ is the buying what one has sold for less than that for which one has sold it: and ↓ العَيَنُ signifies the same: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Az, the selling a commodity for a certain price to be paid at a certain period, and then buying it for less than that price with ready money: [see 2, last quarter:] this is unlawful when the buyer makes it a condition with the seller that he shall buy it for a certain price; but when there is no condition between them, it is allowable accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee, though forbidden by some others; and he used to call it the sister of usury: and the sale of a commodity by the purchaser [thereof upon credit] to other than the seller of it, on the spot (lit. in the sitting-place), is also termed عِينَةٌ; but is lawful by common consent: (Msb:) or it is the case of a man's coming to another man to ask of him a loan, which the latter does not desire to grant, coveting profit, which is not to be obtained by a loan, wherefore he says, “I will sell to thee this garment for twelve dirhems upon credit, for payment at a certain time, and its value is ten [which thou mayest obtain by selling it for ready money]. ” (KT: in some copies of which the word thus expl. is [erroneously] written العَيْنِيَّةُ instead of العِينَةُ.) [See also زَرْنَقَةٌ. The word is generally held to be derived from عَيْنٌ as signifying “ ready money ” or “ ready merchandise. ”] b6: Also The مَادَّة [meaning accession to the strength or forces] of war: (K, * TA:) used in this sense in a verse of Ibn-Mukbil [in which it is shown to be so used as being likened to the accession, to the quantity of milk, which has collected and become added to that previously left in the udder: see مَادَّةٌ]. (TA.) لَقِيَهُ عِيَنَةً: see 3.

عَيْنُونٌ A certain plant, found in El-Andalus, that attenuates the humours of the body, when cooked with figs. (TA.) عِيَانٌ an inf. n. of 3. (S, Msb.) b2: [And Clear, evident, manifest, open, or public: thus, by the Pers\. word اَشْكَارْ, the KL explains عيان, which, in my copy of that work, is written عَيَان, evidently, I think, a mistranscription for عِيَان, an inf. n. of 3, used in the sense of a pass. part. n., agreeably with a well-known license, lit. meaning ocularly seen: see ضِمَارٌ, under which I have rendered its contrary by “ unseen; not apparent. ”] b3: See also عَيْنٌ, latter half.

A2: Also A certain iron thing among the appertenances of the فَدَّان, (S, K,) or فَدَان [i. e. plough], this word (فدان) written in the copies of the S, [as in the K,] with teshdeed to the د, but, as IB says, it is without teshdeed when signifying the implement with which ploughing is performed: accord. to AA, the لُؤْمَة, i. e. the سِنَّة [or share] with which the earth is ploughed up, is called the عِيَان when it is upon the فَدَان [or plough]: or, accord. to the M, the عِيَان is a ring at the extremity of the لُؤْمَة and the سليب. [app. a mistranscription] and the دُجْرَانِ [two pieces of wood upon which the share is bound]: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَعْيِنَةٌ and [of mult.] عُيُنٌ, with two dammehs; (K;) or عِينٌ, originally of the measure فُعْلٌ [i. e. عُيْنٌ]; (S;) accord. to AA, عِينٌ, with kesr only; accord. to IB, عُيُنٌ, with two dammehs, and, when the ى is made quiescent, عِينٌ, not عُيْنٌ. (TA).

A3: اِبْنَا عِيَانٍ means Two birds, (K, TA,) from the flight, or alighting-places, or cries, &c., of which, the Arabs augur: (TA:) or two lines which are marked upon the ground (S, K) by the عَائِف [or augurer], by means of which one augurs, from the flight, &c., of birds; (S;) or which are made for the purpose of auguring; (TA;) then the augurer says, اِبْنَىْ عِيَانْ أَسْرِعَا البَيَانْ [O two sons of 'Iyán, hasten ye the manifestations] (K, * TA: [see 1 in art. خط:]) in the copies of the K, اِبْنَا is here erroneously put for اِبْنَى or, as some say اِبْنَا عِيانٍ means two well-known diviningarrows: (TA:) and when it is known that the gaming arrow of him who plays therewith wins, one says, جَرَى ابْنَا عِيَانٍ [app. meaning The two sons of 'Iyán have hastened. i. e. the two arrows so termed: as seems to be indicated by (??) cited in the L (in which it is followed by the words بِالشِّوَآءِ المُضَهَّبِ with the roast meat (??) thoroughly cooked), and also by what here fel-lows]: (S, L, K. TA:) these [arrows] being called اِبْنَ عِيَانٍ because by means of them the people [playing at the game called المَيْسِر see the winning and the food [i. e. the hastily cooked flesh of the slaughtered camel]. (L, TA.) رَجُلٌ عَيُونٌ (K, TA) and ↓ عَيَّانٌ (TA) A man who smites vehemently with the [evil] eye; as also ↓ مِعْيَانٌ: (K, TA,) pl. [of the first] عينٌ and عُيُنٌ. (K.) عُيَيْنَةٌ: and ذُو العُيَيْنَتَيْنِ and ذُو العُوَيْنَتَيْنِ: see عَيْنٌ, in the former half of the paragraph.

عَيَّنٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

رَجُلٌ عَيِّنٌ A man quick to weep. (TA.) b2: And سِقَآءٌ عَيِّنٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ عَيَّنٌ, (K,) the latter less common, and said to be the only instance of an epithet of the measure فَيْعَلٌ with an infirm [medial] radical, or it may be of the measure فَوْعَلٌ or فَوْعَلٌ, and in either of these two cases not without a parallel, (TA,) and ↓ مُتَعَيِّنٌ, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) A skin, for water, or for milk, having thin circles, or rings, or round places, [likened to eyes,] rendering it faulty: (S:) or of which the water runs forth: (Lh, K:) or new; (K;) or thus عَيِّنٌ and ↓ عَيَّنٌ, in the dial. of Teiyi; and so قِرْبَةٌ عَيِّنٌ in that dial.: the pl. of عيّن applied to a skin is عَيَائِنُ, with hemzeh because the place thereof is near to the end. (TA.) عَيَّانٌ: see عَيُونٌ.

عَائِنٌ Smiting with the [evil] eye. (S, TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Flowing water: (S:) or so مَآءٌ عَائِنٌ; from عَيْنُ المَآءِ. (TA.) b3: See also عَيْنٌ, third quarter.

عَائِنَةٌ: see عَيْنٌ, first quarter, in two places: b2: and again, third quarter, in two places. b3: One says also, رَأَيْتُ عَائِنَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ, meaning I saw a party of his companions who saw me. (TA.) b4: And رَأَيْتُهُ بِعَائِنَةِ العِدَا I saw him where the eyes of the enemy were seeing him. (TA.) b5: And عَائِنَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ The herds, or flocks, or herds and flocks, (أَمْوَال,) and pastors, of the sons of such a one. (S.) أَعْيَنُ A man wide in the eye: (S, Mgh:) or large and wide therein. (Lh, TA:) or large in the black of the eye, with width [of the eye itself]: (K.) fem. عَيْنَآءُ; (S:) when is applied to a woman as meaning beautiful and wide in the eyes (Msb:) pl. عِينٌ, (S, Msb,) originally عُيْنٌ (S.) b2: Hence. (S,) عينٌ is an appellation of Wild oxen; (S, K, TA:) as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and أَعْيَنُ, of the wild bull, (S, ISd, K,) which one should not call ثَوْرٌ أَعْيَنُ: (ISd, K:) and عَيْنَآءُ, of the (??) (S:) and women are likened to these wild animals. (TA,) b3: عَيْنَاءُ also signifies, applied to a sheep or goat (شَاة), Of which the eyes are black one the rest white; and some say, or the converse thereof: in this sense used as an epithet. (TA.) b4: (??) A good or beautiful, word or saying (??) a woman beautiful and wide on the eyes (Msb:) opposed to عَوْرآءُ. (??) b5: And. applied to a ?? i. q. ??: (K) [i. e. accord. to the TK. which is followed by Freytag, applied to a rhyme or meaning Having what is termed ??: (see De Sacy's Ar. (??), see, ed., ii. 657) but this explanation may be conjectural; and, (??) the meaning may be (assumed tropical:) (??) an effective an applied to a verse on an ode] b6: And i. q. ?? (K) [accord. to the TK as an epithet applied to land, and meaning (assumed tropical:) Black likened to the eye of the buffalo; for ?? was sometimes termed by the Arabs خُضْرَة. but this explanation also may be conjectural; and ا rather think that it is so, and that by خَضْرآءِ is here meant (assumed tropical:) a bucket with which water has been drawn long, so that it has become green or blackish; (see أَخْضرْ,) agreeably with the following explanation, which is immediately subjoined in the K]. b7: And A water-skin (قِرْبَة) ready to become lacerated, or rent, (K, TA, [see عَيْنٌ,]) and worn out. (TA.) مَعَانٌ [A place in which one is seen]. One says, القَوْمُ مِنْكَ مَعَانٌ [in which the last word is app. a mistranscription. for بِمَعَانٍ, as in Har p. 22,] The people, or party are [in a place] where thou sees them with thine eye. (TA.) b2: And A place of alighting or abode, (K, TA,) and one in which one is known to be, (TA.) So in the saying, الكُوفَةُ مَعَانٌ مِنهْا [El-Koofeh is a place of our alighting or abode, &c.,] (TA.) مَعِينٌ Smitten with the [evil] eye; as also ↓ مَعْيُونٌ, the complete form: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Ez-Zejjájee, the former has this meaning, but ↓ المَعْيُونُ means اَلَّذِى فِيهِ عَيْنٌ [in which the last word is probably a mistranscription for عَيْبٌ; so that the meaning is, in whom is a fault, or defect], (L, TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely, 'Abbás, (TA,) قَدْ كَانَ قَوْمُكَ يَحْسَبُونَكَ سَيِّدًا

↓ وَإِخَلُ أِنَّكَ سَيِّدٌ مَعْيُونُ [Thy people, or party, used to reckon thee a chief; but I think that them art a chief (??) with the evil eye, or, perhaps, in whom is a fault, or defect]. (S, TA.) b2: مَآءٌ مَعِينٌ and ↓ مَعْيُونٌ (S, K:) (assumed tropical:) Water of which one has reached the (??) or sources, by digging: (S:) or water that is apparent (ظَاهِرٌ, for which the CK has ظاهرٌ), (K, TA,) seen by the eye, (TA,) running upon the surface of the earth: (K, TA:) Bedr Ibn-(??) El-Hudhalee says.

↓ مَآءٌ يُجِمُّ لِحَافِرٍ مَعْيُونِ [meaning Water collecting for a digger of which the springs have been reached by digging]; the last word, it as said, being put by him in the gen. case because of the proximity (??) a word (??) that case, agreeably with a poetic license of which there are many (??) مَعْيُونٌ, as it is an epithet (??) Respecting the measure of مَعِينٌ, which (??) from عَيْنُ المَآءِ. and explain as meaning (??) the source apparent, (??) (??) some say that it is an (??) of مَفْعُولٌ though not having a verb; and some, that of the measure فَعِيلٌ, from المعْنُ signifying the drawing of water. (TA.) In the say إِنْ كَانَتِ البَشَرُ مَعِينًا لَا تُنْزَحُ, meaning [If the (??) one] having a running spring, (that was not (??) entirely exhausted,] معينا is made masc. to (??) with the word [??, which is masc. in form though fem. by usage]; or it is thus because (??) imagined to be of the measure فَعِيل, in the sense of the measure مَفْعُول; or because it is for ذَاتَ مَعِينٍ, i. e. [having] water running upon the surface of the earth. (Mgh.) In the Kur xxxvii.

44. [and in like manner in lvi. 18.] مَعِين is used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Wine running upon the surface of the earth, like rivers of water. (Jel.) b3: عَيْنٌ

↓ مَعْيُونَةٌ means (assumed tropical:) A spring, or source, having a continued increase of water (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) مُعَيَّنٌ (assumed tropical:) A garment figured with eyes (S in art. برج:) or a garment in the figuring of which are small تَرَابِيع [app. meaning quadrangular forms (in the CK تَرْبِيع)] like the eyes of wild animals. (K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A bull having a blackness between his eyes: (K:) or a bull; so called because of the largeness of his eyes: or so called because having spots of black and white, as though there were eyes upon his skin. (Ham p. 293.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Locusts (جَرَاد) which, when stripped of the integument, are seen to be white and red: mentioned by Az in art. ينع, on the authority of ISh. (TA.) A2: [Also, as pass. part. n. of 2, (assumed tropical:) Individuated, or particularized; i. e. distinguished from the generality, or aggregate: &c.: see the verb. Hence] نِيَّةٌ مُعَيَّنَةٌ means [A distinct, particular, or special, purpose; lit.] a purpose made distinct: and it is allowable for one to attribute the action to the purpose, tropically; and thus to say ↓ نِيَّةٌ مُعَيِّنَةٌ [A distinguishing purpose], using the act. part. n. (Msb.) مُعَيِّنٌ: see an ex. of its fem. in what next precedes.

مِعْيَانٌ: see عَيُونٌ. [And see also مُعْتَانٌ.]

مَعْيُونٌ and its fem.: see مَعِينٌ, in six places.

مُعْتَانٌ An explorer of a people or party, who is sent before to seek for herbage and water and the places where rain has fallen, (K, TA, [in the CK, المِعْيانُ is erroneously put for المُعْتَانُ,]) and who searches for news or tidings. (TA.) مُتَعَيِّنٌ: see عَيِّنٌ.