ظفر
1 ظَفَرَهُ: see 2.
A2: [See also ظَفَرٌ.
b2: ] ظَفِرَتْ عَيْنُهُ, (
T,
S,
O,
K,)
aor. ـَ
inf. n. ظَفَرٌ (
S, O) and ظَفَارَةٌ; (O;) and, as some say, ظُفِرَت; (
T;) His eye had what is termed a ظَفَرَة or ظُفْر. (
T,
S,
O,
K.)
b3: And ظُفِرَ He (a man) had upon his eye what is termed a ظَفَرَة or ظُفْر. (
T,
O,
K.)
A3: ظَفِرَ,
aor. ـَ (
Msb,)
inf. n. ظَفَرٌ, He attained, got, got possession of, or acquired, what he desired, or sough: (
Lth, *
S, *
M, *
A, *
Msb,
K: *) he succeeded, or was successful: (
Msb:) he won, was victorious, or gained the victory: (
Lth,
T:) and ↓ اِظَّفَرَ [originally اِظْتَفَرَ] signifies the same as ظَفِرَ. (
S.) You say, ظَفِرَ بِهِ and عَلَيْهِ, and ظَفِرَهُ, He attained it, got it, got possession of it, or acquired it; (
M,
K;) and in like manner ↓ اِظَّفَرَ, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ. (
K.) And ظَفِرْتُ بِالضَّالَّةِ I found the stray, or lost beast. (
Msb.) and ظَفِرَ بِعَدُوِّهِ (
S,
A,
Msb) and عَلَيْهِ, (
Akh,
S,
A,) and ظَفِرَهُ, (
S,) He gained the victory, or mastery, over his enemy; he overcame him. (
S, *
A,
Msb. *)
b2: [Hence,] ظَفِرَتِ النَّاقَةُ لَقَحًا (
tropical:) The she-camel took, or received, impregnation. (
A,
TA.) And مَا ظَفِرَتْكَ عَيْنِى (
Az,
T,
S,
A,
K) مُنْذُ حِينٍ (
Az,
T) or مُنْذُ زَمَانٍِ (
S, A) (
tropical:) My eye hath not seen thee [for some time]: (
Az,
T,
S,
A,
K:) like مَا أَخَذَتْكَ. (
Az,
T.)
A4: [ظَفَرَ in the
dial. of Himyer is said by Freytag, on the authority of the Kitáb el-Addád, to signify He sat.]
2 ظفّر فِيهِ, (
A,
K,)
inf. n. تَظْفِيرٌ, (
S,) He inserted his nail into it; (
S,
A,
K;) namely, an apple, and the like, (
S,
K,) a cucumber, and a melon: (
A:) and [in like manner] ↓ اِظَّفَرَ, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, he stuck, or fixed, his nail [into a thing]; (
S,
K,
TA;) and so اِطَّفَرَ, with the unpointed ط. (
TA.) You say, ظفّر فُلَانٌ فِى وَجْهِ فُلَانٍ Such a one stuck his nail into the flesh of the face of such a one, and wounded it. (
TA.) and نَيَّبَ فِى لَحْمِهِ وَظَفَّرَ He stuck his dog-tooth and his nail into his flesh, and wounded it. (
A.) and ظفّر فُلَانٌ فِى كَذَا وَنَيَّبَ (
tropical:) Such a one clung to, caught to, or took fast hold upon, such a thing. (A in art. نيب.) Also ظفّرهُ; and ↓ ظَفَرَهُ,
aor. ـِ (
M,
K;) and ↓ اِظَّفَرَهُ, in the
K erroneously written أَظْفَرَهُ; (
TA;) He stuck his nail into his face; (
M,
K;) and so اِطَّفَرَهُ, with ط. (
TA.) And ظفّرهُ [He clawed it;] he stuck his nail into it, (namely, anything,) and broke it, or made a mark [or scratch] upon it. (
M.) And ↓ اِظَّفَرَ الصَّقْرُ الطَّائِرَ The hawk seized the bird with his talons. (
K.)
b2: ظفّر said of بَقْل [or herbs, or leguminous plants,] (
tropical:) They put forth what resembled the أَظْفَار [or talons] of the bird. (
M,
TA.) And said of the عَرْفَج, (
K,
TA,) and of the أَرْطَى, (
TA,) (
tropical:) It put forth what resembled أَظْفَار, (
K,
TA,) when it put forth its [leaves termed] خُوص. (
TA.) And said of the نَصِىّ, and of the وَشِيج, and of the بَرْدِىّ, and of the ثُمَام, and of the صِلِّيَان, and of the غَرَز, and of هَدَب, (
tropical:) It, or they, put forth yellow shoots, resembling the ظُفُر [or talon], which are the خُوص thereof, that come forth therefrom having a dustcoloured flower. (
M,
TA.) [Or,] said of a plant, (
Ks,
T,
S,)
inf. n. as above, (
Ks,
T,) (assumed
tropical:) It came forth; (
Ks,
T;) from الأَظْفَار: (
T:) or it came forth of the measure of the ظُفْر [or nail]. (
S.) And ظفّرت الأَرْضُ (assumed
tropical:) The land put forth plants, or herbage, that might be uprooted (يُمْكِنُ احْتِفَاؤُهُ, so in the
M, in the
K احْتِفَارُهُ,) with the nail, (
M,) or with the fingers. (
K.)
b3: ظفّر ثَوْبَهُ, (
M, and so in a copy of the
K,)
inf. n. as above, (
K,) (assumed
tropical:) He perfumed his garment (
M, and thus in that copy of the
K) with what is termed ظُفْر: (
M:) or ظفّر ثَوْبَهُ بِالأَظْفَارِ he perfumed his garment with what are termed أَظْفَار. (So
accord. to other copies of the
K.)
b4: And ظفّر الجِلْدَ, (
K,) or ظَفَّرْتُ الجِلْدَ, (
M,) (assumed
tropical:) He, (
K,) or I, (
M,) rubbed the skin in order that its أَظْفَار (
M,
K) which means its creased parts (
M) might become smooth. (
M,
K.)
A2: ظفّرهُ also signifies, and so ↓ اظفرهُ, [He caused him to attain, get, get possession of, or acquire, what he desired, or sought: he caused him to succeed, or to be successful: and] He (God) caused him to be victorious, to gain the victory, or to overcome. (
A.) You say, ظفّرهُ بِهِ (
S,
M) and عَلَيْهِ, (
M,
TA,)
inf. n. as above; (
S;) and به ↓ اظفرهُ (
S,
M,
Msb) and عليه; (
M,
Msb;) He (God,
S,
M, or a man,
Msb) caused him to gain the victory over him, or to overcome him, (
M,
Msb,) namely, his enemy. (
S,
Msb.)
b2: And ظفّرهُ عَلَيْهِ He declared him to have overcome him: said of one who has been asked which of two persons had overcome. (
T.)
b3: And ظفّرهُ, (
M,
K,)
inf. n. as above, (
K,) He prayed for him that he might attain what he desired, or sought; or that he might be successful, or victorious. (
M,
K.) 4 أَظْفَرَ see the next preceding paragraph, latter part, in two places.
6 تظافروا عَلَيْهِ and تضافروا and تظاهروا all signify the same; so says Ibn-Buzurj; (
T,
TA;) explaining the meaning to be, They leagued together, and aided one another, against him; i. e. عَلَى فُلَانٍ [against such a one]: (
TA in art. ضفر:) the first of these has been said to be incorrect; but it is mentioned also by
Sgh, as
syn. with the third; and by Ibn-
Málik, among words that are with ض and with ظ. (
TA in the present art.) 8 إِظْتَفَرَ see 2, in three places:
A2: and see also 1, in two places.
ظَفْرٌ: see the next paragraph.
ظُفْرٌ (
T,
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K, &c.) and ↓ ظُفُرٌ, (
Msb,
K,) which latter is the most chaste form, and the form adopted by the seven readers in the
Kur vi. 147, and the former is a contraction of this, [but is the most common form,] (
Msb,) and ↓ ظِفْرٌ, which is
extr., (
M,
Msb,
K,) and disallowed by
IDrd, (
O,) and ↓ ظِفِرٌ, which is also
extr., (
Msb,) and ↓ أُظْفُورٌ, (
T,
M,
A,
Msb,
K,) which is erroneously mentioned in the
S as a
pl. of ظُفْرٌ, (
Sgh,
Msb,
K,) by an anticipation of the pen; (
Msb;) or,
accord. to
MF, it si said in most of the copies of the
S, (but this is not the case,) ظُفْرٌ has for its
pl. أَظْفَارٌ; and أُظْفُورٌ [has for its
pl.] أَظَافِيرُ; (
TA;) [and this, being the reading in most of the copies of the
S seen by
MF, is probably what
J wrote;] A certain wellknown thing; (
M;) [i. e. a nail; and a talon, or claw;] pertaining to a human being, (
M, Ibn-Es-Seed,
Msb,
K,) and to others; (
M,
K;) to the beasts and birds mentioned in the next following sentence, [as well as to man,]
accord. to the authorities there cited; (
TA;) and to every ruminant, as
syn. with ظِلْفٌ [i. e. a cloven hoof]: (
T and
M in art. ظلف:) or to a beast, or bird, that does not prey; [as well as to man;] that of such as preys being termed مِخْلَبٌ: (
M:) [and in the present day applied also to the spur of a cock:] it is of the
masc. gender: (
Lh,
M,
Msb:) the
pl. (of ظُفْرٌ,
S,
M,
Msb, &c.) is أَظْفَارٌ (
S,
M,
Msb,
K, &c.) and sometimes أَظْفُرٌ, (
Msb,) [both of which are pls. of pauc., but the former is used as a
pl. of mult. also,]. and (of أُظْفُورٌ,
M,
Msb, or of أَظْفَارٌ, and therefore a
pl. pl.,
M) أَظَافِيرُ: (
M,
Msb,
K:) that ↓ أُظْفُورٌ is a
sing. [and not like أُبْقُورٌ which is a
quasi-pl. n.] is shown by the saying of a poet, مَا بَيْنَ لُقْمَتِهَا الأُولَى إِذَا انْحَدَرَتْ وَبَيْنَ أُخْرَى تَلِيهَا قِيسُ أُظْفُورِ (
K) or قِيدُ أُظْفُورِ (
Msb) [i. e. What is between her first morsel, when it descends into her throat, and another that follows it, is the measure of a finger-nail]: or, as some relate it, إِذَا ازْدَرَدَتْ [when she swallows]; and it is thus cited [in the
T and] in the “ Basáïr ” of the author of the
K. (
TA.) The phrase كُلَّ ذِى ظُفُرٍ in the
Kur vi. 147 comprises camels and ostriches; (so in the
T and
TS and
L; but in the
K, الأَنْعَام is erroneously put for النَّعَام;
TA;) because their مَنَاسِم are like أَظْفَار to them: (
T,
K,
TA:)
I'Ab says that it comprises camels; and also ostriches, because they have nails like camels: or any bird that has a مِخْلَب, and any beast that has a solid hoof: or,
accord. to Mujáhid and Katádeh, every beast and bird that has not divided toes; as the camel and ostrich and goose and duck. (
TA.)
b2: [Hence,] الأَظْفَارُ is the name of (assumed
tropical:) Certain small stars; (
S;) certain stars before النَّسْر [meaning النَّسْر الوَاقِع i. e. the star a of Lyra:
app. because regarded as the talons of the نسر]: (
K:) or a certain dim star in الشَّلْيَاق [
q. v., i. e. the constellation Lyra]. (
Kzw.)
b3: [Hence also,] إِنَّهُ لَكَلِيلُ الظُّفْرِ, (
T,) or إِنَّهُ لَمَقْلُومُ الظُّفْرِ, (
TA,) (
tropical:) Verily he is one who does not slay or wound an enemy: (
T,
TA:) and إِنَّهُ مَقْلُومُ الظُّفْرِ عَنْ أَذَى
النَّاسِ (
tropical:) Verily he is one who does little hurt to mankind. (
T,
A,
TA.) And هُوَ كَلِيلُ الظُّفْرِ (
tropical:) He is weak, or abject, or despicable; (
T,
S,
K,
TA;) said of a man; (
K,
TA;) or so مُقَلَّمُ الظُّفْرِ: (
K: [in the
TA, as from the
K, مُقَلَّمُ الأَظْفَارِ:]) or (
tropical:) he is sick, or diseased. (
A.) And بِهِ ظُفْرٌ مِنْ مَرَضٍ (
tropical:) [
app. meaning In him is an evil result of a disease, that has clung to him]. (
A,
TA. [In the
A, this immediately follows what here next precedes it; and is immediately followed by the words وَذُبَابٌ ظَفِرَ مِنْهُ, which seem to be added by way of explanation; thus in my copy; but I think that ظَفِرَ مِنْهُ here is a mistake for ظَفَّرَ فِيهِ, and have assumed this to be the case in rendering the phrase.])
b4: And قَرَّحْتُهُ مِنْ ظُفْرِهِ إِلَى شُفْرِهِ (
tropical:) [
lit. I wounded him much, from his nail to the edge of his eyelid; but mentioned as
tropical;
app. meaning from toe to head]; like as one says, مِنْ قَرْنِهِ. (
A.)
b5: And مَا بَالدَّارِ ظُفْرٌ, (
K,) or ما بالدار ظُفْرٌ وَلَا شُفْرٌ, (
A,
O,) (
tropical:) There is not in the house any one. (
A,
O,
K.) And مَا تَرَكَتِ السَّنَةُ ظُفْرًا وَلَا شُفْرًا (
tropical:) The year of drought left not anything: and sometimes they said شَفْرًا, with fet-h, and in this case they said ↓ ظَفْرًا, for assimilation. (A in art. شفر.) And رَأَيْتُهُ بِظُفْرِهِ (
tropical:) I saw him himself. (
O,
K,
TA.)
b6: ظُفْرُ النَّسْرِ is the name of (assumed
tropical:) A certain plant, (
K,
TA,) resembling what is [properly] thus termed [i. e. the talon of the vulture]. (
TA.) And ظُفْرُ القِطِّ is the name of (assumed
tropical:) Another plant. (
K,
TA.)
b7: And الظُّفْرُ, (
M,) or الأَظْفَارُ, (
T,
M,
A,
Mgh,
O,
K, &c.,) for this word in the sense here following has no
sing. (
T,
M,
O,
K)
accord. to the author of the 'Eyn, (
M,) but sometimes one said وَاحِدَةٌ ↓ أَظْفَارَةٌ, which is not allowable by rule, and made the
pl. of this to be أَظَافِيرُ, (
T,
O,
K, * [mentioned in the
M as a
pl. of الظُّفْرُ,]) though, if they formed a
sing. from it, it should be ظُفْرٌ, (
T,
O,
K,) signifies (
tropical:) A certain odoriferous substance, (
T,
Mgh,
O,
K,) or a sort thereof, (
M,) [i. e. unguis odoratus, (called in the present day ظُفْرُ الطِّيبِ and ظُفْرُ العِفْرِيتِ,) or ungues odorati,] black, (
T,
M,
O,) resembling a ظُفْر [or nail] (
T,
M,
Mgh,
O,
K) of a man (
M) pulled out (in the
M and O and
K مُقْتُلَف, and in the
T مُقَلَّف,) from the root thereof, (
T,
M,
O,
K, [but in the
M, the words which I have rendered “ pulled out ” &c. immediately follow the words ضَرْبٌ مِنَ العِطْرِ
أَسْوَدُ,]) or resembling the أَظْفَار [or finger-nails], (
A,) and put into دُخْتَة [or incense]: (
T,
M, O:) and,
accord. to the
K, ↓ ظَفَارٌ, sometimes imperfectly
decl., i. e. ↓ ظَفَارُ, signifies the same; but this is very strange, for [
SM says] I have referred to the
M and
T and O and other lexicons without finding them to have mentioned in this sense any term but الأَظْفَارُ or الظُّفْرُ:
accord. to the “ Minháj,” أَظْفَارُ الطِّيبِ are pieces of an odoriferous substance resembling the أَظْفَار [properly so called]; they are said by [the Arabic translator of] Dioscorides to be of the nature of the shards of shells, [so I render مِنْ جِنْسِ أَخْزَافِ الصَّدَفِ, supposing اخزاف to be here used tropically,] found in an island of the Sea of India where is the سُنْبُل [or spikenard], a sort whereof is [called] قُلْزُمِىّ [i. e. of El-Kulzum], and another which is [called]
بَابِلِىّ [i. e. of
Bábil], black and small, and the best is that which inclines to whiteness, which drifts to El-Yemen and El-Bahreyn. (
TA.) [Forskål, in his “ Descr. Animalium ” &c., mentions what here follows, among the animal substances of the materia medica of Cairo, in page 143: “ Unguis odoratus. (Opercula Cochl.) Dofr el afrît, ضفر العفريت i. e. unguis dæmonis. E Mochha per Sués. Arabes etiam afferunt. Nigritis fumigatorium est. ” (ضفر is here written, agreeably with the usual vulgar pronunciation, for ظُفْر.) See also قُسْطٌ,]
b8: أَظْفَارٌ signifies also (assumed
tropical:) Large قِرْدَان [or ticks]. (
S,
O,
K.)
b9: and (assumed
tropical:) The creased parts of a skin. (
M,
TA.)
b10: and the ظُفْر of a bow is (
tropical:) The part in the curved end that is beyond the place where the string is tied, to the extremity: (
As,
T,
S,
M, *
O,
K: *) or the end of the bow: (
K:) or each end of the bow, beyond the place where the string is tied: (
A:)
pl. ظِفَرَةٌ. (
M,
TA.)
b11: See also ظَفَرَةٌ.
ظِفْرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
ظَفَرٌ, in a man, The quality of having long nails. (
ISk,
S, O.) [
App., in this sense, an
inf. n. of which the verb is ظَفِرَ; as it is in other senses: see 1.]
A2: See also ظَفَرَةٌ.
A3: Also Low, or depressed, ground, (
S,
O,
K,) that produces plants, or herbage. (
S, O.) ظَفِرٌ Sharp in the nail [or having sharp nails]. (
A.)
b2: And A man having upon his eye what is termed a ظَفَرَة; (A;) and so ↓ مَظْفُورٌ. (
T,
A,
Mgh,
K.)
b3: And عَيْنٌ ظَفِرَةٌ An eye having what is termed a ظَفَرَة; (
T,
M,
A,
K;) as also ↓ مَظْفُورَةٌ. (
A.)
A2: Also [Successful;] victorious; applied to a man; (
S;) and so ↓ ظَافِرٌ: (
Msb,
TA:) or ظَفِرٌ (
IDrd,
M,
A,
K) and ↓ ظَفِيرٌ (
IDrd,
M,
K) and ↓ ظِفِّيرٌ, (
IDrd,
Sgh,
K) but this is said by
IDrd to be not of established authority, (
TA,) and ↓ مُظَفَّرٌ (
IDrd,
M,
A,
K) and ↓ مِظْفَارٌ, (
IDrd,
O,
K,) all signify a man very, or often, successful or victorious: (
IDrd,
O,
TA:) or (
tropical:) one who does not endeavour after a thing without attaining it. (
M,
A,
K.) ظُفُرٌ and ظِفِرٌ: see ظُفْرٌ.
ظُفْرَةٌ A certain plant, burning, or biting, to the tongue, (
K,
TA,) resembling the ظُفْر [or nail] in its coming forth, (
TA,) that has a beneficial effect upon foul ulcers, and warts. (
K,
TA.)
b2: And ظُفْرَةُ العَجُوزِ The rounded head of prickles of the [thistle called] حَسَك. (
K, *
TA.)
b3: See also the next paragraph.
ظَفَرَةٌ A pellicle that comes over the eye, (
T,
S,
Mgh,
O,
K,) growing from the side next the nose, (
T,
S,
O,) upon the white of the eye, (
S,
Mgh,
O,) extending to the black: (
S, O:) sometimes it is cut off: if left, it covers the eye, and obscures the sight: (
T:) or a certain disease in the eye, which causes a tegument like the nail to come over it: or a piece of flesh that grows at the inner angle of the eye, extending to the black, and sometimes encroaching upon the black: (
M:) it is also called ↓ ظُفْرٌ (A 'Obeyd,
T,
S,
M,
Mgh,
O,
K) and ↓ ظُفْرَةٌ, (
T,
Mgh,) these two terms being applied to it by the physicians, (
Mgh,) and ↓ ظَفَرٌ (
TA) and ↓ ظِفَارَةٌ, (so in a copy of the
T, as on the authority of Ibn-Buzurj,) or ↓ ظَفَارَةٌ. (So in the O.) ظَفَارٌ and ظَفَارُ: see ظُفْرٌ.
A2: [ظَفَارِ is well known as the name of a city in El-Yemen; or,
accord. to the
O, of two cities and two fortresses in El-Yemen. And
accord. to the
TA, it signifies Any land that is ذات مَعَزَّة: but the latter of these two words has been altered by an erasure over the second letter, and is perhaps incorrect: if not, it may mean, agreeably with the
analogy of many words of the measure مَفْعَلَةٌ, as مَقْدَرَةٌ and مَفْلَحَةٌ and مَنْجَاةٌ &c., such as possesses means of overcoming, or withstanding, invaders: and it may be that hence ظَفَارِ is in two instances the name of a fortress.]
ظَفُورٌ [
app. syn. with ظَفِرٌ and ظَفِيرٌ] is one of the appellations of the Prophet. (
MF,
TA.) ظَفِيرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.
ظَفَارَةٌ or ظِفَارَةٌ: see ظَفَرَةٌ.
جَزْعٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ [onyx of Dhafári] is so called in relation to ظَفَارِ, a city of El-Yemen, (
T,
S,
Mgh,
O,
K,) near
صَنْعَــآء, (
K,) two days' journey from the latter. (
O.) And in like manner, عُودٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ [Aloes-wood of Dhafári]: i. e. the عود with which one fumigates: (
S:) or قُسْط, (
O,
K,
TA,) which means the same, (
TA, [but see this word,]) is called [قُسْطُ ظَفَارِ and قُسْطٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ] in relation to ظَفَارِ, another city of El-Yemen, near مِرْبَاط, (
O,
K,
TA,) described by Yákoot as in the furthest part of El-Yemen, on the shore of the Sea of India, near الشَّحْر; (
TA;) because it is brought thither from India. (
O,
K,
TA.) ظِفِّيرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.
ظَافِرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.
أَظْفَرُ A man having long nails: (
ISk,
S, A:) or having long and broad nails: (
M,
K:) and in like manner applied to a مَنْسِم [or foot of a camel]: ظَفْرَآءُ [the
reg. fem.] has not been heard. (
M.) أُظْفُورٌ: see ظُفْرٌ, in two places.
b2: Also (assumed
tropical:) The slender thing [or tendril] that twines upon the branch of a grape-vine. (
K.) أَظْفَارَةٌ: see ظُفْرٌ, latter half.
مُظَفَّرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.
A2: قَوْسٌ مُظَفَّرَةٌ (assumed
tropical:) A bow having somewhat cut off from each of its two ends [which are called its ظُفْرَانِ]. (
O,
K,
TA. [In the
CK, فَرَسٌ is erroneously put for قَوْسٌ.]) مِظْفَارٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.
A2: Also The [instrument called]
مِنْقَاش [
q. v.]. (
Fr,
O,
K.) مَظْفُورٌ; and its
fem.: see ظَفِرٌ.
A2: مَظْفُورٌ بِهِ Overcome, or conquered; [as also مَظْفُورٌ عَلَيْهِ, and مَظْفُورٌ alone; (see 1;)] applied to a man. (
TA.)
