سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

عشو

1 عَشَا, (TA, and so accord. to some copies of the K,) first Pers\. عَشَوْتُ, (S,) aor. ـْ (TA,) inf. n. عَشْوٌ and عُشُوٌّ; (KL;) as also عَشِىَ, like رَضِىَ [i. e. having for its aor. ـْ but the inf. n. is app. عَشًا, as in the similar sense expl. in the next sentence]; (TA, and so in my MS. copy of the K;) i. q. ↓ تعشّى, (S, K, TA,) [which is more commonly used than either of preceding verbs, and] which signifies He ate the [eveningmeal, or evening-repast, or supper, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء. (Msb, K, TA.) And عَشِيَتِ الإِبِلُ, (ISk, S, K, TA,) aor. ـْ inf. n. عَشًا, (ISk, S, TA,) i. q. ↓ تَعَشَّت [i. e. The camels ate the evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called the عَشَآء]. (ISk, S, K, TA.) b2: And عَشَاهُ, (K,) first Pers\.

عَشَوْتُهُ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـْ (S, TA,) inf. n. عَشْوٌ; (K, TA;) and inf. n. عَشْىٌ also, (TA, and thus in some copies of the K,) thus correctly, as in the M, عشيانًا in [some of] the copies of the K being a mistake for عَشْيًا, the aor. being also يَعْشِيهِ; (TA;) i. q. ↓ عشّاهُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) [which is more commonly used than either of the preceding verbs,] inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, (S,) i. e. He fed him (namely, a man, Msb, or a horse, or a camel, (S) with the [evening-meal, or supper, or the evening-pasture or evening-feed, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اعشاهُ: (K:) and عَشَا الإِبِلَ, (K, TA,) like دَعَا [i. e. having for its aor. ـْ (TA;) and ↓ عشّاها; He pastured the camels by night. (K, TA.) A2: عَشَوْتُهُ also signifies I repaired, or betook myself, to, or towards, him, or it, by night: and hence ↓ عَاشٍ is applied to any one repairing, or betaking himself, to or towards [an object]. (S.) b2: And عَشَوْتُ إِلَى النَّارِ, aor. ـْ inf. n. عَشْوٌ, I sought to be directed, or guided, or I directed, or guided, myself, by weak eyesight, to the fire: (S:) or I looked at the fire, or endeavoured to see it, and repaired, or betook myself, to it, or towards it; and I saw it, or looked towards it trying whether I could see it, and sought to be directed, or guided, to it by its light: (Har p. 535:) El-Hotei-ah says, مَتَى تأْتِهِ تَعْشُو إِلَى ضَوْءِ نَارِهِ تَجِدْ خَيْرَ نَارٍ عِنْدَهَا خَيْرُ مُوقِدِ [When thou comest to him, looking with blinking eyes towards the light of his fire and seeking to be guided by it thereto, thou findest the best fire, and at it is the best kindler]; meaning مَتَى تَأْتِهِ عَاشِيًا; using the marfooa verb between two verbs whereof each is mejzoom because the verb in the future tense when it occurs in the place of a denotative of state is marfooa: (S:) or عَشَا النَّارَ and إِلَى

النَّارِ, inf. n. عَشْوٌ and عُشُوٌّ; as also النَّارَ ↓ اعتشى and بِالنَّارِ; signifies he saw the fire by night from afar, and repaired, or betook himself, to it, or towards it, seeking to light himself thereby, (K, TA,) and hoping to obtain thereby guidance and good. (TA.) b3: And عَشَا عَنِ النَّارِ He turned away and went from the light of the fire. (TA.) b4: and عَشَوْتُ عَنْهُ I went, or turned, from him, or it, to another: whence, it is said, the saying in the Kur [xlii. 35], وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمٰنِ [and such as turns from the admonition of the Compassionate]. (S. See another explanation of this saying in what follows.) [This and other meanings expl. below are app. from what here next follows.] b5: عَشِىَ, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K,) dual يَعْشَيَانِ, not يَعْشَوَانِ, (S,) inf. n. عَشًا, (S, Msb, K,) He was, or became, weak-sighted: (Msb:) or he did not see by night, but saw by day: (S:) or he had bad sight by night and by day: or he was, or became, blind: [said of a man, and of a beast of the equine kind, and of a camel, and of a bird: (see عَشًا, below:)] and عَشَا, aor. ـْ signifies the same: (K:) or the two verbs differ in meaning; so as that وَمَنْ يَعْشَ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, in the Kur xliii. 35, thus read by some, means (assumed tropical:) and such as is blind to the admonition of the Compassionate, i. e., to the Kur-án; but مَنْ يَعْشُ, as others read, (assumed tropical:) such as feigns himself blind: (Ksh and Bd: *) [see also 6: and see another explanation of the latter reading, above: or] عَشَا signifies also he (a man, TA) did as does the أَعْشَى [q. v.]. (K, TA.) One says also, عشى مِنَ الشَّىْءِ, aor. ـو [thus in my original, but the pret. is app. عَشِىَ, and the aor. ـْ meaning He lacked strength of sight to perceive the thing. (TA.) And عَشِىَ عَنْ حَقِّهِ like عَمِىَ in measure and in meaning [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, blind to his right, or due]. (TA.) And لَا يَعْشَى إِلَّا بَعْدَ مَا يَعْشُو is one of their sayings, meaning [app. He will not become weak-sighted except] after his eating the [eveningmeal called the] عَشَآء: (TA:) [for it is said that] the eating of food in the night occasions weakness of sight more than [do] other things. (Har p. 52.

[العشآء is there written in one instance for العَشَا.]) b6: عَشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. عَشًا, means He wronged him; treated him wrongfully, injuriously, unjustly, or tyrannically: (K, TA:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.) 2 عَشَّوَ see 1, former half, in two places. One says, عَشِّ وَلَا تَغْتَرَّ, (Meyd, TA,) or عَشِّ إِبِلَكَ وَلَا تَغْتَرَّ [a prov., meaning Pasture thy camels by night, and be not negligent, or be not made to desire what is vain, or false]. (S. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 92.]) And عَشَّيْتُ الإِبِلَ عَنِ الوِرْدِ I pastured the camels with the [evening-pasture called]

عَشَآء, so that they might come to the water having satisfied themselves with food: and in like manner one says, ضَحَّيْتُهَا عَنْهُ. (A and TA in art. ضحو and ضحى.) And عَشِّ رُوَيْدًا Pasture thou the camels in the evening (عَشِيًّا) gently: and in like manner one says, ضَحِّ رُوَيْدًا. (A, TA.) and hence, عشّى عَنِ الأَمْرِ (inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, K) (tropical:) He acted gently, or deliberately, in the affair: (A and TA in art. ضحو and ضحى, and S * and K * in the present art.:) and in like manner, ضَحَّى

عَنْهُ. (A and TA in the former art., and S * in the present art.) A2: See also the next paragraph. [Hence,] عشّى الطَّيْرَ, inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, He kindled a fire for the birds in order that they might become dim-sighted (لِتَعْشَى) and consequently be captured. (M, K.) 4 أَعْشَوَ see 1, former half. b2: [Hence, app.,] اعشى also signifies (assumed tropical:) He gave. (K.) A2: And اعشاهُ He (God) rendered him أَعْشَى [i. e. weak-sighted, &c.: and in like manner one says ↓ عشّاهُ: see 2, last sentence; and see also Har p. 52].5 تَعَشَّوَ see 1, first quarter, in two places. One says also, تعشّى بِهِ He fed himself with it [in the evening, or] in the time called the عِشَآء: and [in like manner] تَتَعَشَّاهُ is said of camels [as meaning they feed themselves with it, or pasture upon it, in the evening]. (TA.) And when one says to thee, تَعَشَّ [Eat thou the evening-meal], thou sayest, مَا بِى تَعَشٍّ, (S,) or مَا بِى مِنْ تَعَشٍّ, (TA,) [I have no desire for eating the evening-meal; see 5 in art. غدو;] and not مَا بِى عَشَآءٌ, (S,) or not ما بي مِنْ عَشَآءٍ (TA.) A2: See also 6.

A3: And تعشّاهُ signifies also He gave him an عِشْوَة [or عُشْوَة, i. e. a firebrand]. (TA.) 6 تعاشى He feigned himself أَعْشَى [i. e. weaksighted, &c.; and so ↓ تعشّى as used by Bd in xliii.

35]. (S, TA.) b2: And [hence] (tropical:) He feigned himself ignorant, (K, TA,) عَنْ كَذَا [of such a thing], as though he did not see it; like تَعَامَى. (TA.) 8 اعتشى He journeyed in the time of the عِشَآء

[or nightfall]: (K, TA:) like اهتجر meaning “ he journeyed in the time of the هَاجِرَة. ” (TA.) A2: See also 1, latter half.10 استعشاهُ He found him to be deviating from the right course, or acting wrongfully, injuriously, unjustly, or tyrannically, (وَجَدَهُ جَائِرًا, K, TA, in some copies of the K حَائِرًا,) فِى حَقِّ أَصْحَابِهِ [in respect of the right, or due, of his companions]. (TA.) A2: And استعشى نَارًا He guided himself by means of a fire. (K.) عِشْوٌ A bowl (قَدَح) of milk which is drunk at the time when the sheep, or goats, return from the pasture in the evening or afternoon, or after that time. (K.) عِشْىٌ: see عَشَآءٌ.

عَشًا inf. n. of عَشِىَ: (S, Msb, K:) [used as a simple subst., Weakness of sight: or sightlessness by night with ability to see by day: or] badness of sight by night and by day; as also ↓ عَشَاوَةٌ: (K:) it is in human beings, and beasts of the equine kind (دَوَابّ), and camels, and birds; as is said in the M: (TA:) or it is darkness that happens to the eye: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or blindness; (K, TA;) i. e. absolute destitution of sight. (TA.) عَشٍ applied to a he-camel, and عَشِيَةٌ applied to a she-camel, That exceeds the other camels in the [evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called] عَشَآء; each after the manner of the possessive epithet, having no verb. (TA. [And عَشِىٌّ is said to have a similar meaning.]) A2: See also أَعْشَى.

عَشْوَةٌ Darkness, (K, TA,) in [any part of] the night and in the سَحَر [or period a little before daybreak]; (TA;) as also ↓ عَشْوَآءُ: (K:) or the first of the darkness of the night: (Az, TA:) or the period between the beginning and [the end of] the [first] quarter of the night: (Az, S, K:) thus in the saying, مَضَى مِنَ اللَّيْلِ عَشْوَةٌ [A period between the beginning &c. of the night passed]: and one says also, أَخَذْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالعَشْوَةِ, meaning [I laid hold upon them] in the blackness of night: (Az, S:) the dim. is ↓ عُشَيَّةٌ. (Az, TA.) In the saying جَآءَ عَشْوَةَ, meaning عِشَآءً [i. e. He came at nightfall], it [is an adv. n. which] may not be used otherwise than thus: you may not say, مَضَتْ عَشْوَةُ. (TA.) b2: العشوة [app. العَشْوَةُ] as meaning العَشَآءُ, like الغدوة [app. الغَدْوَةُ] as meaning الغَدَآءُ, is vulgar. (TA.) A2: Also The venturing upon, or embarking in, an affair that is not clear; as also ↓ عِشْوَةٌ and ↓ عُشْوَةٌ: (S, K:) one says, أَوْطَأْتَنِى عَشْوَةً and عِشْوَةً and عُشْوَةً, meaning [Thou hast made me to venture upon, or embark in,] a confused and dubious affair: this is when you tell him of a thing by means of which you have made him to fall into perplexity or trial. (S.) b2: خَبَّاطُ عَشَوَاتٍ, occurring in a trad., see expl. in art. خبط.

عُشْوَةٌ: see عَشْوَةٌ.

A2: Also, (S, K, TA,) and ↓ عِشْوَةٌ, (K, TA,) A fire which one sees by night from afar, and to which, or towards which, he repairs, or betakes himself, seeking to light himself thereby: (K, TA:) or (TA) a firebrand (شُعْلَةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ). (S, TA.) عِشْوَةٌ: see عَشْوَةٌ: A2: and see also عُشْوَةٌ.

عَشْوَى A state of perplexity, and of having little guidance: so in the saying, إِنَّهُمْ لَفِى عَشْوَى أَمْرِهِمْ [or, perhaps, مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ, i. e. Verily they are in a state of perplexity, &c., in respect of their case, or affair]. (TA.) عَشَوِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the [time called]

عَشِيَّة [or عَشِىّ, q. v.]. (S.) عُشْوَانٌ A species of dates: (IDrd, K, TA:) or of palm-tress, (K, TA,) of such as are late in bearing. (TA.) عَشْيَانُ, (S, K, TA,) originally عَشْوَانُ, like غَدْيَانُ [q. v.] which is originally غَدْوَانُ, (TA,) A man (S) eating the [evening-meal, or eveningrepast, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَاشٍ. (TA.) عَشَآءٌ The meal, or repast, (S, Msb, K,) of the عِشَآء [or nightfall], (S, * Msb,) or of the عَشِىّ [or late part of the evening, &c.]; (S, * K, TA;) [i. e. supper, in a general sense;] opposed to غَدَآءٌ; (S;) as also ↓ عِشْىٌ: (K: [in the CK, العِشٰى is erroneously put for العِشْىُ:]) and in like manner both are used in relation to camels [as meaning their evening-pasture, or evening-feed: see an ex. voce عَتَمَةٌ, and another voce أَقْعَسُ]: (S, TA:) pl. of the former أَعْشِيَةٌ; (K, TA;) to which is added, in [some of] the copies of the K, and عُشِىٌّ; but this is correctly عَشِىَ, [or عَشَا, as in some copies,] and commences another sentence. (TA.) عِشَآءٌ [The time of nightfall; i. e.] the first, or beginning, of the darkness (Msb, K) of night: (Msb:) [this is the sense in which it is generally used, and always when it is used as applied to one of the five times of the divinely-appointed acts of prayer; صَلَاةُ العِشَآءِ, and elliptically العِشَآءُ alone, meaning the prayer of nightfall:] or it is [the time] when the sun has disappeared: (Az, TA:) or [the time] from sunset (K) [i. e.] from the prayer of sunset (Msb, TA) to the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]; (Msb, K, TA;) [and this is what is meant by its being said that it is] syn. with عَشِىٌّ: (S:) or [the time] from the زَوَال [meaning the declining of the sun from the meridian] to the rising of the dawn: (S, K:) so some assert, and they cite, as an ex., غَدَوْنَا غُدْوَةً سَحَرًا بِلَيْلٍ

عِشَآءً بَعْدَ مَا انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ [We went early in the morning, a little before daybreak, in a period between the declining of the sun from the meridian and the rising of the dawn, after the daytime had become halved]: (S, TA:) [sometimes] the Arabs said, أَقْبَلَتِ العِشَآءُ, meaning العَشِيَّةُ; and هٰذَا العَشِيَّةُ, meaning العِشَآءُ. (Msb voce صَوْتٌ.) العِشَاآنِ means The time of sunset and the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]: (IF, S, Msb, K: [compare הָעַרְבַּיִם in Exodus xii. 6 and xvi. 12:]) this is accord. to the saying that the عِشَآء is from the prayer of sunset to the عَتَمَة. (TA.) عَشَاوَةٌ: see عَشًا.

عَشِىٌّ [The late part of the evening: or the evening: or the afternoon: i. e.] the last, or the latter, part of the day; (Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ: (K, TA:) this is the meaning commonly known: (Mgh:) or [the time] from the prayer of sunset to the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]; (S, Msb, TA;) like عِشَآءٌ; (Msb;) and so ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ: you say, أَتَيْتُهُ عَشِىَّ أَمْسِ and أَمْسِ ↓ عَشِيَّةَ [I came to him late in the evening, or in the time between sunset and nightfall, &c., of yesterday]: (S, TA:) or عَشِىٌّ has the meaning expl. in the K [and mentioned above]; but ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ relates to one day: and one says, جِئْتُهُ عَشِيَّةً [I came to him late in an evening, &c.] and عَشِيَّةَ [late this evening, &c.], and أَتَيْتُهُ العَشِيَّةَ I came to him in the عشيّة [or late part of the evening, &c.,] of this day; and آتِيهِ عَشِىَّ غَدٍ [I will come to him in the late part of the evening, &c., of to-morrow (in my original اتيته, an obvious mistranscription,)] without ة when relating to the future; and أَتَيْتُكَ عَشِيًّا [I came to thee in the late part of an evening, &c.]; and أَتَيْتُهُ بِالغَدَاةِ وَالعَشِىِّ i. e. [I came to him early in the morning and late in the evening, &c., meaning,] every عَشِيَّة [or عَشِىّ] and غَدَاة: (TA:) or, as some say, ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ is a sing. [or n. un.] and عَشِىٌّ is its pl. [or a coll. gen. n.]: and, as IAmb says, sometimes the Arabs make ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ masc., as meaning عَشِىٌّ: (Msb:) or عَشِىٌّ signifies the time between the declining of the sun [from the meridian] and sunset: (Az, Mgh, Msb, TA:) or [the time] from the declining of the sun [from the meridian] to the صَبَاح [app. here, as generally, meaning morning]: (Er-Rághib, Msb, TA:) and sometimes it means the night: (TA:) the pl. is عَشَايَا and عَشِيَّاتٌ, (K, TA,) the former of which [is pl. of ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ, like the latter, or perhaps of عَشِىٌّ also, and] is originally عَشَايِوُ, then عَشَايِىُ, then عَشَائِىُ, then عَشَاءَى, and then عَشَايَا: (TA:) the dim, of عَشِىٌّ is ↓ عُشَيَّانٌ, irreg., as though formed from عَشْيَانٌ, and its pl. is عُشَيَّانَاتٌ; and another form of its dim. is ↓ عُشَيْشِيَانٌ, pl. عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٌ: and the dim. of ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ is ↓ عُشَيْشِيَةٌ, pl. عُشَيْشِيَاتٌ: (S, TA:) one says, ↓ لَقِيتُهُ عُشَيْشَةً

[another form of dim., properly meaning I met him in a short period of a late part of an evening, &c.], and [in like manner] ↓ عُشَيْشَانًا, and ↓ عُشَيَّانًا [in some copies of the K عشّانا], and ↓ عُشَيْشِيَةً

[accord. to the Mgh meaning عِشَآءً], and عُشَيْشَاتٍ, and عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٍ. (K.) صَلَاتَا العَشِىِّ [The two prayers of the afternoon] means the two prayers of the ظُهْر and the عَصْر; (Az, Mgh, Msb, K;) because they are in the latter part of the day (فِى آخِرِ النَّهَارِ), after the زَوَال [or declining of the sun from the meridian]. (TA.) In the phrase أَوْضُحَاهَا ↓ عَشِيَّةً [i. e. A late part of an evening, &c., or its early portion of the forenoon, meaning or an early portion of the forenoon of the same civil day], in the Kur lxxix. last verse, the ضحى is prefixed to [the pronoun referring to] the عشيّة because the ضحى and the عشيّة belong to the same [civil] day, [for this day is reckoned as the period from sunset to sunset,] (Ksh Bd, Jel, *) and also [by a kind of poetic license, for the sake of the rhyme, i. e.] because ضحاها occurs as a فَاصِلَة [q. v.]. (Jel.) b2: عَشِىٌّ also signifies, (K, TA,) and so does ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ, (K,) Clouds (K, TA) coming late in the evening or at eventide (عَشِيًّا). (TA.) b3: And the former, as an epithet applied to a camel, That continues long eating the عَشَآء

[i. e. evening-pasture, or evening-feed]: fem. with ة. (K. [See also عَشٍ.]) عَشِيَّةٌ: see عَشِىٌّ, in ten places.

عُشَيَّةٌ dim. of عَشْوَةٌ, q. v.

عُشَيَّانٌ, pl. عُشَيَّانَاتٌ: see عَشِىٌّ, in two places.

عُشَيْشَةٌ and عُشَيْشِيَةٌ, pls. عُشَيْشَاتٌ and عُشَيْشِيَاتٌ: see عَشِىٌّ; the latter in two places.

عُشَيْشَانٌ and عُشَيْشِيَانٌ, pl., of the latter عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٌ: see عَشِىٌّ.

عَاشٍ: see عَشْيَانُ. The fem., عَاشِيَةٌ, applied to camels, means Eating the [evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called the] عَشَآء. (ISk, S, K.) It is said in a prov., العَاشِيَةُ تَهِيجُ الآبِيَةَ [Such as are eating the عشآء excite such as desire not, or refuse; or she that is eating &c.]: i. e., when the camels that desire not, or refuse, the عشآء see those that are eating it, they follow them, and eat it with them. (S. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 83.]) And [the pl.] العَوَاشِى, (S, K, TA,) [when indeterminate, عَوَاشٍ,] as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, (TA.) signifies Those (S, K, TA) camels, and sheep or goats, (K, TA,) that are pasturing by night. (S, K, TA.) b2: See also 1, former half. b3: [Hence,] عَاشِيَةٌ signifies also Anything [meaning any man or animal] looking and repairing, by night, towards the fire of a person who entertains guests. (TA.) أَعْشَى Weak-sighted: (Msb:) or sightless by night, but seeing by day: (S:) or having bad sight by night and by day: and so ↓ عَش: (K:) fem. عَشْوَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) applied to a woman; (S, Msb;) [the masc. being applied to a man, and either masc. or fem. to a beast of the equine kind, and a camel, and a bird, (see عَشًا,)] and dual masc. أَعْشَيَانِ (TA) and fem. عَشْوَاوَانِ: (S, TA:) [and pl. عُشْىٌ.] b2: The fem. عَشْوَآءُ also particularly signifies. A she-camel that sees not before her, (S, K, TA,) [or that has weak sight,] and therefore strikes everything with her fore feet, (S, TA,) not paying attention to the places of her feet [on the ground]. (TA.) [Hence] one says, رَكِبَ فُلَانٌ العَشْوَآءَ, meaning (tropical:) Such a one prosecuted his affair without mental perception, or without certainty. (S, TA.) And خَبَطَهُ خَبْطَ عَشْوَآءَ (K, TA) (tropical:) He did it [at random, or] without aim; thus accord. to the M: (TA:) or be ventured upon it without mental perception, and without certainty: (K, * TA:) or, as some say, he took it upon himself without his endeavouring to ascertain the right course; the doing of which is sometimes, or often, attended with error: it is a prov., applied to him who goes at random and does not care for the result of his conduct. (TA. [See also 1 in art. خبط.]) b3: And عُقَابٌ عَشْوَآءُ An eagle that cares not how it beats the ground, and where it strikes with its talons. (TA.) b4: See also the fem. voce عَشْوَةٌ.

مُتَعَشًّى A place in which one eats the eveningmeal, or supper.] Quasi عشى عِشْىٌ: and عَشِىٌّ, &c.: see in art. عشو.

صَبر
: (صَبَرَهُ عنْهُ يَصْبِرُهُ) صبْراً: (حَبَسَهُ) ، قَالَ الحُطَيْئَةُ:
قلْتُ لَهَا أَصْبِرُهَا جاهِداً
وَيْحَكِ أَمْثَالُ طَرِيفٍ قَلِيلْ
(وصَبْرُ الإِنْسَانِ وغيرِه على القَتْلِ) : نَصْبُه عَلَيْهِ، وَقد نهَى رسولُ اللَّهِ صلَّى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ أَن يُصْبَر الرُّوحُ، وَهُوَ (أَنْ يُحْبَس) حيّاً (ويُرْمَى) بشَيْءٍ (حتّى يَمُوت) .
وأَصلُ الصَّبْرِ: الحَبْسُ: وكلُّ منْ حَبَسَ شَيْئاً فقد صَبَرَه.
وَفِي حديثٍ آخرَ فِي رَجُل أَمْسك رجُلاً وقَتَلَه آخَرُ، فَقَالَ: (اقْتُلُوا القاتِلَ واصْبِرُوا الصّابِرَ) يَعنِي احبِسُوا الَّذِي حَبَسَه للمَوْتِ حتّى يَمُوتَ كفِعْلِه بِهِ (وَقد قَتَلَه صَبْراً) .
(و) قد (صَبَرَه عَلَيْهِ) ، وكذالك لَو حَبَسَ رَجُلٌ نَفْسَه على شَيْءٍ يُريدُه قَالَ: صَبَرْتُ نَفْسِي، قَالَ عَنْتَرَةُ يَذْكُرُ حَرْباً كَانَ فِيهَا:
فصَبَرْتُ عارِفَةً لذالك حُرَّةً
تَرْسُو إِذا نَفْسُ الجَبَانِ تَطلَّعُ
يقولُ: حَبَسْتُ نَفْساً صابِرَة، قَالَ أَبو عُبَيْدَةَ: يَقُول: إِنّه فِي حَبَسَ نَفْسَهُ.
وكلُّ من قُتِلَ فِي غَيْرِ مَعْرَكَةٍ وَلَا حَرْبٍ وَلَا خطَإٍ فإِنّه مقْتُولٌ صَبْراً.
(ورَجُلٌ صَبُورَةٌ) ، بالهَاءِ: (مصْبُورٌ للقتْلِ) ، حَكَاهُ ثَعْلَبٌ، وَفِي الحَدِيث: نهى عَن المَصْبُورَةِ، وَهِي المحْبُوسَةُ على الموتِ. (و) قَالَ ابنُ سِيدَه: (يَمِينُ الصَّبْرِ: الَّتِي يُمْسِكُكَ الحكمُ عَلَيْها حَتَّى تَحْلِفَ) ، وَقد حَلَفَ صبْراً، أَنشد ثعلبٌ:
فأَوْجعِ الجَنْبَ وأَعْرِ الظَّهْرَا
أَوْ يُبْلِيَ اللَّهُ يَمِيناً صَبْراً
(أَو) هِيَ (الَّتِي تَلْزَمُ) لصاحبِها من جِهَةِ الحَكَمِ (ويُجْبَرُ عَلَيْهَا حالِفُها) ، بأَن يَحبِسَه السُّلطانُ عَلَيْهَا حتّى يَحْلِفَ بهَا، فَلَو حَلَفَ إِنسانٌ من غير إِحْلافٍ مَا قِيل: حَلَفَ صَبْراً.
وَيُقَال: أَصْبر الحَاكِمُ فُلاناً على يَمِينٍ صَبْراً، أَي أَكْرهَهُ.
(وصَبَرَ الرَّجُلَ) يَصْبِرُه: (لَزِمَهُ) .
(والمَصْبُورَةُ: اليَمِينُ) ، قيل لَهَا: مَصْبُورَةٌ، وإِن كَانَ صاحبُهَا فِي الحَقِيقَة هُوَ المصْبُورُ؛ لأَنّه إِنّما صُبِرَ من أَجْلِها، أَي حُبِس، فوُصِفَتْ بالصَّبْرِ، وأُضِيفَتْ إِليه مَجازاً.
(والصَّبْرُ: نَقِيضُ الجَزَعِ) .
يُقَال: (صَبَرَ) الرَّجلُ (يَصْبِرُ) صَبْراً (فَهُوَ صابِرٌ) وصَبَّارٌ (وصَبِيرٌ) ، كأَمِيرٍ، (وصَبُورٌ) ، والأُنْثَى (صَبُورٌ) أَيضاً، بِغَيْر هاءٍ، وَالْجمع صُبُرٌ.
وَقَالَ الجَوْهَرِيّ: الصَّبْرُ: حَبْسُ النَّفْسِ عندَ الجَزَعِ، وَقد صَبَرَ فلانٌ عِنْد المُصِيبَةِ يَصْبِرُ صَبْراً، وصَبَرْتُه أَنا: حَبَسْتُه، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم} (الْكَهْف: 28) ، أَي احْبِسْ نفْسَكَ مَعَهم.
وَفِي البصائر للمصنّف: الصَّبْرُ فِي اللُّغَةِ: الحَبْسُ والكَفُّ فِي ضِيق، وَمِنْه قيل: فُلانٌ صُبِر، إِذا أُمْسِك وحُبِسَ للقَتْلِ، فالصَّبْرُ: حَبْسُ النَّفْسِ عَن الجَزَعِ، وحَبْسُ اللّسَانِ عَن الشَّكْوَى، وحبْسُ الجوارِحِ عَن التَّشْوِيشِ.
وَقَالَ ذُو النُّون: الصَّبْرُ: التّبَاعُدُ عَن المُخَالفَاتِ، والسُّكُونُ عندَ تجَرُّعِ غُصصِ البَلِيّاتِ، وإِظْهَارُ الغِنى مَعَ طُولِ الفقْرِ بسَاحاتِ المَعِيشَةِ.
وَقيل: الصَّبْرُ: الوُقُوف مَعَ البَلاءِ بحُسْنِ الأَدَبِ.
وَقيل: هُوَ الفَنَاءُ فِي البَلْوى بِلَا ظُهورِ شكْوى.
وَقيل: إِلْزامُ النَّفْسِ الهُجُومَ على المكَارِه.
وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بنُ عُثْمَان: هُوَ الثَّبَاتُ مَعَ اللَّهِ، وتَلقِّي بَلائِه بالرّحْبِ والسَّعَةِ.
وَقَالَ الخَوّاصُ: هُوَ الثَّبَاتُ على أَحكامِ الكِتَابِ والسُّنَّة.
وَقيل: الصَّبْرُ: أَنْ تَرْضَى بتَلَفِ نَفْسِكَ فِي رِضَا من تُحِبّه.
وَقَالَ الحَرِيرِيّ: الصَّبْرُ: أَن لَا يَفْرِقَ بينَ حَالِ النِّعْمَةِ وحالِ المِحْنَةِ، مَعَ سكونِ الخاطِرِ فيهمَا.
(وتَصَبَّر) الرَّجلُ (واصْطَبَرَ) : جعَلَ لَهُ صَبْراً، (واصَّبَرَ) ، بقلبِ الطّاءِ صاداً، وَلَا تَقول: اطَّبر، لأَنّ الصّادَ لَا تُدْغَمُ فِي الطَّاءِ.
وَقيل: التَّصَبُّرُ: تَكَلُّفُ الصَّبْرِ، وَمِنْه قَولُ عُمَر: أَفْضَلُ الصَّبْرِ التَّصَبُّرُ، قَالَه ابنُ الأَعرابيّ.
وَقيل: مَراتِبُ الصَّبْرِ خَمْسةٌ: صابِرٌ، ومُصْطَبِرٌ، ومُتَصَبِّرٌ، وصَبُورٌ، وصَبَّارٌ.
فالصّابِرُ: أَعمُّها، والمُصْطَبِرُ المُكْتسِبُ للصَّبْر المُبْتلي بِهِ.
والمُتَصَبِّرُ: مُتَكَلِّفُ الصَّبْرِ حامِلُ نَفْسِه عَلَيْهِ.
والصَّبُورُ: العَظِيمُ الصَّبْرِ الَّذِي صبْرُه أَشدُّ من صَبْرِ غيرِه.
والصَّبّارُ: الشَّدِيدُ الصَّبْرِ.
فهاذا فِي القَدْرِ والكَمّ، وَالَّذِي قبله فِي الوَصْفِ والكَيْفِ.
(وأَصْبرَه: أَمَرَه بالصَّبْرِ، كصَبَّرهُ) تصْبِيراً.
وَقَالَ الصاغانيّ: صَبَّرْتُه تَصْبِيراً: طَلَبْتُ مِنْهُ أَن يصْبِر.
(و) أَصْبَرَه: (جَعَلَ لَهُ صَبْراً) ، كاصْطَبَره. (وصَبَرَ بِهِ، كنَصَرَ) ، يَصْبُرُ (صَبْراً وصَبارَةً) ، بالفَتْح فيهمَا، أَي (كَفَلَ) بِهِ، (و) تقولُ مِنْهُ: (اصْبُرْنِي) يَا رجُل، (كانْصُرْنِي) ، أَي (أَعْطِنِي كفِيلاً) .
(و) هُوَ بِهِ صَبِيرٌ، (الصَّبِيرُ) كأَمِيرٍ: (الكَفِيلُ) ، وَقد جاءَ فِي حديثِ الحَسنِ: مَنْ أَسْلَفَ سَلَفاً فَلَا يَأْخُذَنَّ بهِ رَهْناً وَلَا صَبِيراً.
(و) الصَّبِيرُ، أَيضاً: (مُقدَّمُ القَوْمِ) ، وزَعِيمُهُم، الذِي يَصْبرُ لَهُم ومعَهُم (فِي أُمُورِهِمْ) .
(و) الصَّبِيرُ: (الجَبَلُ) ، قَالَه الصّاغانيّ: وَقيل: هُوَ جَبَلٌ بعَيْنِه، وَقد جاءَ ذِكْرُه فِي حَدِيثِ مُعاذٍ.
(ج: صُبَرَاءُ) ككُرَماءَ.
(و) الصَّبِيرُ: (السَّحابَة البَيْضاءُ، أَو الكَثيفَةُ الَّتِي فَوْق السّحابَةِ، أَو) هُوَ السَّحابُ الأَبيضُ (الَّذِي يَصِيرُ بَعْضُه فَوق بعضٍ) ، درجاً، قَالَ يَصِفُ جَيْشاً:
ككِرْفِئَةِ الغَيْثِ ذاتِ الصَّبِير
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: هاذا الصَّدْرُ يحْتَمل أَن يكون صَدراً لِبَيتِ عامِرِ بنِ جُوَيْنٍ الطّائِيّ من أَبيات:
وجارِيَةٍ من بَنَاتِ المُلُو
كِ قَعْقَعْتُ بالخَيْلِ خَلْخَالَهَا
ككِرْفِئَةِ الغَيْثِ ذاتِ الصَّبِي
رِ تَأْتِي السَّحاب وتَأْتَا لهَا
قَالَ: أَي رُبَّ جارِيةٍ من بَناتِ المُلُوكِ قَعْقَعْتُ خَلْخَالها لمّا أَغرْتُ عَلَيْهِم، فهَرَبَتْ وعَدَتْ، فسُمِع صَوتُ خَلْخالِهَا، وَلم تكن قَبْلَ لَك تَعْدُو، وَقَوله: ككِرْفِئَةِ. . الخ، أَي هاذِه الْجَارِيَة كالسَّحابَةِ البيضاءِ الكثيفة تأْتِي السَّحَاب أَي تقصد إِلى جُمْلَةِ السَّحاب وتَأْتَالُه، أَي تُصْلِحُه، وأَصله تَأْتَوِلُه مِن الأَولِ، وَهُوَ الإِصلاحُ.
قَالَ: وَيحْتَمل أَن يكون: (ككِرْفِئَةِ الغَيْثِ. .) ، للخَنْساءِ، وعَجُزُه:
تَرْمِي السَّحابَ ويَرْمِي لَهَا
وَقَبله:
ورَجْرَاجةٍ فَوْقَهَا بَيْضُهَا
علَيْهَا المُضَاعَفُ زِفْنَا لَهَا
قلْتُ: وقرأْت فِي زَوَائِدِ الأَمالي، لأَبِي عليَ القالِي هاذا البَيتَ فِي جملةِ أَبياتٍ للخَنْساءِ رَثَتْ بهَا أَخاها وأَولها:
أَلاَ مَا لِعَيْنَيْكَ أَمْ مالَها
لقدْ أَخْضَلَ الدَّمْعُ سِرْبَالَها
(أَو القِطْعَةُ الوَاقِفَةُ مِنْهَا) تَراهَا كأَنَّهَا مَصْبورَة، أَي مَحْبُوسة، وهاذا ضعيفٌ.
قَالَ أَبو حنيفَة: الصَّبِيرُ: السَّحاب يَثْبُتُ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَة، وَلَا يَبْرَحُ، كأَنَّه يُصْبرُ، أَي يُحْبَسُ.
(أَو) هُوَ (السَّحابُ الأَبْيَضُ) ، لَا يكَاد يُمْطِرُ، قَالَ رُشَيْدُ بنُ رُمَيْضٍ العَنَزِيّ:
تَرُوحُ إِلَيْهِمُ عَكَرٌ تَرَاغَى
كأَنَّ دَوِيَّهَا رَعْدُ الصَّبِيرِ
والجَمْعُ كالواحِدِ، وَقيل: (ج: صُبُرٌ) ، بضمّتين، قَالَ ساعدَةُ بنُ جُؤَيَّةَ:
فارِمِ بِهِمْ لِيَّةَ والأَخْلافَا
جَوْزَ النُّعَامَى صُبُراً خِفَافَا
(و) الصَّبِيرُ صَبِيرُ الخِوانِ، وَهُوَ (الرُّقَاقَةُ العَرِيضَةُ تُبْسَطُ تَحْتَ مَا يُؤْكَلُ من الطَّعَامِ) .
(أَو) هِيَ (رُقَاقَةٌ يَغْرِفُ عَلَيْها) الخبّازُ (طَعَامَ العُرْسِ، كالصَّبِيرَةِ) ، بزيادةِ الهاءِ، وَقد أَصْبَرَ، كَمَا سيأْتي.
(والأَصْبِرَةُ من الغَنَمِ والإِبِلِ: الَّتِي تَرُوحُ وتَغْدُو) علَى أَهْلِها (وَلَا تَعْزُبُ) عَنْهُم، (بِلَا واحِدٍ) ، قَالَ ابنُ سَيّده: وَلم أَسْمَعْ لَهَا بوَاحِدٍ، ورُوِيَ بَيْتُ عَنْترةَ:
لَهَا بالصَّيْفِ أَصْبِرَةٌ وجُلٌّ
وسِتٌّ من كَرَائِمِهَا غِزَارُ (والصِّبْرُ، بِالْكَسْرِ والضّمّ: ناحِيةُ الشَّيْءِ) ، وجانِبُه، وبُصْرُه مثْلُه، (و) هُوَ (حَرْفُه) وغِلظُه.
وَقيل: صُبْرُ الشيْءِ: أَعلاه، وَفِي حديثِ ابنِ مَسْعُودٍ: سِدْرَةُ المُنْتَهَى صُبْرُ الجَنَّةِ، أَي أَعلاها، أَي أَعْلى نَواحِيهَا، قَالَ النَّمِرُ بنُ تَوْلَب يصف روْضَةً:
عَزَبَتْ وباكَرَها الشَّتِيُّ بدِيمةٍ
وَطْفَاءَ تَمْلَؤُهَا إِلى أَصْبَارِها
(و) قَالَ الفَرَّاءُ: الصِّبْرُ، والصُّبْرُ: (السَّحَابَةُ البَيْضَاءُ، ج: أَصْبَارٌ) .
(و) الصُّبْرُ (بالضَّمّ: بَطْنٌ مِنْ غَسّانَ) ، قَالَ الأَخْطلُ:
فسَائِلِ الصُّبْرَ مِنْ غَسّانَ إِذْ حضَرُوا
والحزْنَ كيْفَ قَرَاكَ الغِلْمَةُ الجشَرُ
الصُّبْرُ والحَزْنُ: قَبِيلَتَانِ، وَقد تقدّم تفسيرُ البيتِ فِي جشر.
(و) الصَّبرُ: (بالتَّحْرِيكِ: الجمَدُ) ، والقِطْعَةُ صبرَةٌ، أَورده الصّاغانيّ، وَزَاد الزَّمَخْشَرِيّ فَقَالَ: هُوَ من أَصْبَرَ الشيْءُ: إِذا اشْتَدّ.
(و) يُقَال: (مَلأَ) المِكْيالَ إِلى أَصْبَارِه، وأَدْهَقَ (الكَأْس إِلى أَصْبَارِها، أَي) إِلى أَعالِيها و (رَأْسِها) .
وأَصْبارُ الإِنَاءِ: نَوَاحِيه.
(و) يُقَال: (أَخَذَه بأَصْبارِه) ، أَي تامّاً (بجَمِيعِه) .
وَقَالَ الأَصمَعِيّ: إِذا لَقِيَ الرجلُ الشِّدَّةَ بكَمَالِها قيل: لَقِيَهَا بأَصْبَارِهَا.
(والصُّبْرَةُ، بالضَّمّ: مَا جُمِعَ من الطَّعَامِ بِلَا كَيْلٍ ووَزْنٍ) ، بعضُه فَوْقَ بعض.
وَقَالَ الجَوْهَرِيّ: الصُّبْرَةُ: واحِدَةُ صُبِرَ الطَّعَامِ، يُقَال: اشتريتُ الشيءَ صُبْرَةً، أَي بِلَا وَزْنٍ وَلَا كَيْلٍ. والصُّبْرَةُ: الكُدْسُ، (وَقد صَبَّرُوا طَعَامَهُمْ) : جَعَلوه صُبْرَةً.
(و) الصُّبْرَةُ: (الطَّعَامُ المَنْخُولُ) بشيْءٍ شَبِيهٍ بالسَّرَنْدِ.
(و) الصُّبْرَةُ: (الحِجَارَةُ الغَلِيظَةُ المُجْتَمِعَة، ج: صِبَارٌ) ، بِالْكَسْرِ.
(والصُّبْرُ، بالضَّمِّ وبِضَمِّتَيْنِ) لُغَة عَن كُرَاع: (الأَرْضُ ذاتُ الحَصْبَاءِ) ، وَلَيْسَت بغَلِيظَةٍ، وَمِنْه قيل للحَرَّةِ: أُمُّ صَبَّارٍ.
(والصّبَارَةُ: الحِجَارَةُ) ، وَقيل: الحِجارَةُ المُلْسُ ويُثلَّث قَالَ الأَعشى:
مَنْ مُبْلغٌ شَيْبَــانَ أَنّ
المَرْءَ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ صُبَارَهْ
وَفِي الصّحاح:
مَنْ مُبْلِغٌ عَمْراً بأَنّ
المَرْءَ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ صُبَارَه
واستشهدَ بِهِ الأَزهريّ أَيضاً، ويُرْوَى صَبَارَة، بِفَتْح الصَّاد جمعُ صَبَارٍ، والهاءُ داخلةٌ لجَمْعِ الجَمْع، لأَنّ الصِّبَارَ جمعُ صُبْرَة، وَهِي حِجَارَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ.
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: وصوابُه: لم يُخْلَقُ صِبَارَهْ، بِكَسْر الصَّاد، قَالَ: وأَمّا صُبَارَةُ وصَبَارَةُ، فَلَيْسَ بجَمْعٍ لصَبْرَةٍ، لأَنّ فَعَالاً لَيْسَ من أَبْنِيَةِ الجُمُوع، وإِنما ذالك فِعَالٌ، بالكَسْر، نَحْو حِجَارٍ وجِبَالٍ.
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: البَيْتُ لعَمْرِو بنِ مِلْقَطٍ الطّائِيّ، يُخَاطِبُ بهاذا الشِّعْرِ عَمْرَو بنَ هِنْد، وَكَانَ عمْرُو بنُ هِنْد قُتِلَ لَهُ أَخٌ عنْد زُرارَةَ بنِ عُدُسٍ الدّارِمِيّ، وَكَانَ بَين عَمْرِو بنِ مِلْقَطٍ، وَبَين زُرَارَةَ شَرٌّ، فحرّض عمْرَو بنَ هِنْد على بني دَارِمٍ. يَقُول: لَيْسَ الإِنسانُ بحَجَرٍ فيَصْبِرَ على مِثْلِ هاذا، وَبعد البَيت:
وحَوَادِثُ الأَيّامِ لَا
يَبْقَى لَهَا إِلاّ الحِجَارَهْ
هَا إِنَّ عِجْزَةَ أُمِّهِ
بالسَّفْحِ أَسْفَلَ من أُوَارَهْ تَسْفِي الرِّيَاحُ خِلالَ كَشْ
حَيْهِ وَقد سَلَبُوا إِزَارَهْ
فاقْتُلْ زُرَارَةَ لَا أَرَى
فِي القَوْمِ أَوْفَى من زُرَارَهْ
(و) قيل: الصَّبَارَةُ: (قِطْعَةٌ من حَدِيدٍ أَو حِجَارَةٍ) .
(و) الصَّبَارَّةُ، (بتشديدِ الرّاءِ: شِدَّةُ البَرْدِ، وَقد تُخَفّف، كالصَّبْرَةِ) ، بِفَتْح فَسُكُون، التَّخْفِيف عَن اللِّحْيَانِيّ يُقَال: أَتَيْتُه فِي صَبَارَّةِ الشِّتَاءِ، أَي فِي شِدَّة البرْدِ، وَفِي حَدِيث عليّ، رَضِي الله عَنهُ: قُلْتُم: هاذِه صَبَارَّةُ القُرِّ، هِيَ شِدَّةُ البَرْد، كحَمَارَّةِ القَيْظِ.
(و) يُقَال: سَلَكُوا (أُمّ صَبّارٍ) ككَتّان، (و) وَقَعُوا فِي (أُمِّ صَبُّورٍ) ، كتَنُّورٍ، أَي (الحَرّ) ، هاكذا فِي النّسخ الَّتِي بأَيدِينا، وَهُوَ خطأٌ، وَالصَّوَاب الحَرَّة، كَمَا فِي المُحْكَم والتَّهْذِيبِ والتَّكْمِلَة، مُشْتَقٌّ من الصُّبُرِ الَّتِي هِيَ الأَرْضُ ذاتُ الحَصْباءِ، أَو من الصُّبَارَة، وخَصَّ بعضُهم بِهِ الرَّجْلاءَ مِنْهَا، (والدَّاهِيَةُ) ، فَفِي كَلَام المُصَنّف لَفٌّ ونَشْرٌ مرَتَّب.
قَالَ ابنُ بَرّيّ: ذكر أَبُو عُمَر الزّاهِد أَنّ أُمَّ صَبّارٍ الحَرَّةُ.
وَقَالَ الفَزَارِيّ: هِيَ حَرَّةُ لَيْلَى وَحَرَّةُ النّار، قَالَ: والشّاهِدُ لذالك قولُ النّابِغَةِ:
تُدَافِعُ النّاسَ عنْهَا حِينَ يَرْكَبُهَا
مِنَ المَظالِمِ يُدْعَى أُمَّ صَبَّارِ
أَي تَدْفَعُ الناسَ عَنْهَا، فلاَ سَبِيلَ لأَحَدٍ إِلى غَزْوِنَا؛ لأَنَّهَا تَمنَعُهم من ذالك؛ لكَوْنِهَا غَلِيظَةً لَا تَطَؤُهَا الخَيْلُ، وَلَا يُغَار علينا فِيهَا، وَقَوله: من المَظَالِمِ جَمْع مُظْلِمَة، أَي حَرَّة سَوْدَاء مُظْلِمَة.
وَقَالَ ابنُ السِّكِّيت فِي كتاب الأَلفاظ، فِي بَاب الِاخْتِلَاط والشَّرّ يَقع بَين القومِ: وتُدْعَى الحَرَّةُ والهَضْبَةُ أُمّ صَبَّارٍ.
ورُوِيَ عَن ابنِ شُمَيْل أَنَّ أُمَّ صَبّارٍ هِيَ الصَّفَاةُ لَا يَحِيكُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ، قَالَ: وأَمّا أُمُّ صَبُّورٍ، فَقَالَ أَبو عَمْرٍ والــشَّيْبَــانِيّ: هِيَ الهَضْبَةُ الَّتِي لَيْسَ لَهَا مَنْفَذٌ، يُقَال: وَقَعَ القَوْمُ فِي أُمِّ صَبُّور، أَي فِي أَمْرٍ مُلْتَبِسٍ شَديدٍ، لَيْسَ لَهُ مَنْفَذٌ، كهاذِه الهَضْبَةِ الَّتِي لَا مَنْفَذَ لَهَا وأَنْشَدَ لأَبِي الغَرِيبِ النَّصْرِيّ:
أَوْقَعَهُ اللَّهُ بسوءِ فِعْلِه
فِي أُمِّ صَبُّورٍ فأَوْدَى ونَشِبْ
(و) قيل: أُمُّ صَبّارٍ، وأُم صَبُّورٍ، كِلْتَاهما الدّاهِيَةُ، و (الحَرْبُ الشَّدِيدَةُ) وَفِي الْمُحكم: يُقَال: وَقَعُوا فِي أُمِّ صَبّار وأُمِّ صَبُّور، قَالَ: هاكذا قرأْتُه فِي الأَلفاظ: صَبُّور، بالبَاءِ، قَالَ: وَفِي بعضِ النُّسَخِ أُمُّ صَيُّور، كأَنّها مُشْتَقَّة من الصِّيَارَةِ، وهِيَ الحِجَارَةُ.
(والصَّبِرُ، ككَتِفٍ) ، هاذا الدَّوَاءُ المُرُّ (وَلَا يُسَكَّنُ إِلاّ فِي ضَرُورَةِ الشِّعْرِ) ، قَالَ الرّاجز:
أَمَرَّ مِنْ صَبْرٍ ومَقرٍ وحُضَضّ
كَذَا فِي الصّحاح، وَفِي الْحَاشِيَة: الحُضَضُ: الخُولانُ، وَقيل: هُوَ بِظاءَيْنِ، وَقيل: بضَادٍ وظَاءٍ، قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ: صوابُ إِنشادِه: أَمَرَّ، بِالنّصب، وأَورَدَه بظاءَيْن؛ لأَنّه يَصِفُ حَيّة، وقبلَه:
أَرْقَشَ ظَمْآنَ إِذَا عُصْرَ لَفَظْ
قَالَ شَيخنَا: على أَن التَّسْكِينَ حَكَاهُ ابنُ السَّيِّد فِي كتاب الفَرْقِ لَهُ، وَزَاد: ومِنْهُم من يُلْقِي حركَةَ الباءِ على الصادِ، فَيَقُول: صِبْر بِالْكَسْرِ، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
تَعَزَّبْتُ عَنْهَا كارِهاً فتَرَكْتُهَا
وَكَانَ فِراقِيها أَمَرَّ من الصِّبْرِ
ثمَّ قَالَ: والصِّبْر بِالْكَسْرِ لُغَة فِي الصَّبرِ، وَذكر مثلَه فِي كتاب المُثلّث لَهُ، وصَرّح بِهِ فِي المِصْباحِ، وذكرَهُ غيرُ واحدٍ انْتهى.
وَفِي المُحْكَم: الصَّبِرُ: (عُصارَةُ شَجَرٍ مُرَ) ، الْوَاحِدَة صَبِرَةُ، وَجمعه صُبُورٌ، قَالَ الفَرَزْدَقُ:
يَا ابنَ الخَلِيَّةِ إِنَّ حَرْبِي مُرَّةٌ
فِيهَا مَذاقَةُ حَنْظَلٍ وصُبُورِ
وَقَالَ أَبو حَنيفة: نباتُ الصَّبِر كنَباتِ السَّوْسَنِ الأَخْضَرِ، غير أَنّ وَرَقَ الصَّبِر أَطولُ وأَعرضُ وأَثْخَنُ كثيرا، وَهُوَ كثيرُ الماءِ جدّاً.
وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: الصَّبِرُ، بِكَسْر الباءِ: عُصَارَةُ شَجَرٍ وَرَقُها كقُرُبِ السّكاكين طِوَالُ غِلاظٌ، فِي خُضْرَتِها غُبْرَة وكُمْدَةٌ، مقْشَعِرَّةُ المَنْظَرِ، يَخْرُج من وَسطِهَا ساقٌ عَلَيْهِ نَوْرٌ أَصفَرُ تَمِهُ الرّيحِ، قلْت: وأَجْوَدُه السُّقُطْرِيّ وَيعرف أَيضاً بالصَّبّارَة.
(و) صَبِرٌ، ككَتِفٍ: (جَبَلٌ) من جِبَالِ اليَمَنِ (مُطِلٌّ عَلَى تَعِزَّ) المدينَةِ المشْهُورَة بهَا.
(ولَقِيطُ بنُ عَامِرِ بنِ صَبِرَةَ) ، بِكَسْر الباءِ: (صَحابِيٌّ) وافدُ بني المُنْتَفِقِ، لَهُ حديثٌ فِي الوضوءِ، وَيُقَال: هُوَ لَقِيطُ بنُ صَبِرَةَ والدُ عاصِمٍ، حِجَازِيّ.
(و) الصِّبَارُ: (ككِتَابٍ: السِّدَادُ) ، وَيُقَال للسِّدَادِ: القعولة والبُلْبُلَةُ والعُرْعُرَةُ.
(و) الصِّبَارُ أَيضاً: (المُصَابَرَةُ) ، وَقد صابَرَ مُصَابَرَةً وصِبَاراً.
وَقَالَ المُصَنِّفُ فِي البصائر فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: {اصْبِرُواْ وَصَابِرُواْ وَرَابِطُواْ} (آل عمرَان: 200) ، انتقالٌ من الأَدْنَى إِلى الأَعْلَى، فالصَّبْرُ دُونَ المُصَابَرَة، والمُصَابَرَةُ دونَ المُرابَطَةِ، وَقيل: اصْبِرُوا بنُفُوسِكُم وصابِرُوا بقلوبِكُم على البَلْوَى فِي اللَّهِ، ورابِطُوا بأَسْرَارِكُم على الشَّوْقِ إِلى اللَّهِ، وَقيل: اصْبِرُوا فِي اللَّهِ وصابِرُوا باللَّهِ، ورابِطُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ.
(و) الصِّبَار: (حَمْلُ شَجَرَةٍ حامِضَةٍ) .
(و) الصُّبارُ: (كغُرَابٍ، ورُمّانٍ) : حَمْلُ شَجَرَةٍ شَدِيدَةِ الحُمُوضَة، أَشَدّ حُموضَةً من المَصْلِ، لَهُ عَجَمٌ أَحْمَرُ عَرِيضٌ يُجْلَبُ من الهِنْدِ، يُقَال لَهُ: (التَّمْرُ الهِنْدِيُّ) ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُتَداوَى بِهِ، ويُقَال لشَجَرِه: الحُمَرُ، مثل صُرَد.
(وأَبُو صُبَيْرَةَ، كجُهَيْنَةَ: طائِرٌ أَحْمَرُ البَطْنِ أَسودُ الظَّهْرِ والرَّأَسِ والذَّنَبِ) ، هاكذا فِي التكملة، وَفِي اللِّسَان: طائِر أَحْمَرُ البَطْنِ أَسودُ الرأْسِ والجَنَاحَيْن، والذَّنَبِ، وسائرُه أَحْمَرُ.
(وأَصْبَرَ) الرَّجُلُ: (أَكَلَ الصَّبِيرَةَ) وَهِي الرُّقَاقَةُ الَّتِي تَقَدّم ذِكْرُهَا، قَالَه ابنُ الأَعرابِيّ.
(و) أَصْبَرَ، إِذَا (وَقَعَ فِي أُمِّ صَبُّور) ، وَهِي الدَّاهِيَةُ أَو الأَمْرُ الشَّدِيدُ، وكذالك إِذا وَقَعَ فِي أُمِّ صَبّار، وَهِي الحَرَّةُ.
(و) أَصْبَرَ: (قَعَدَ على الصَّبِيرِ) ، وَهُوَ الجَبَلُ.
(و) أَصْبَرَ: (سَدَّ رَأْسَ الحَوْجَلَةِ بالصِّبَارِ) وَهُوَ السِّدَاد.
(و) أَصْبَرَ (اللَّبَنُ) ، إِذا (اشْتَدَّتْ حُمُوضتُه إِلى المَرَارَةِ) ، قَالَ أَبو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كتابِ اللَّبَنِ: المُمَقَّرُ والمُصَبَّر: الشديدُ الحُمُوضَةِ إِلى المَرَارَةِ، قالَ أَبو حاتِم: اشْتُقّا من الصَّبِر والمَقِرِ، وهما مُرّانِ.
(و) فِي حديثِ ابْن عبّاس فِي قَوْله عزّ وجلّ: {وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَآء} (هود: 7) ، قَالَ: كانَ يَصْعَدُ إِلى السَّماءِ بُخَارٌ من الماءِ فاسْتَصْبَرَ فعادَ صَبِيراً. (اسْتَصْبَرَ) أَي (اسْتَكْثَفَ) وتَرَاكَم فصارَ سَحَاباً فذالك قَوْله: {ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَآء وَهِىَ دُخَانٌ} (فصلت: 11) ، الصَّبِيرُ: سَحَابٌ أَبيضُ مُتَكَاثِفٌ، يَعْنِي تَكَاثَفَ البُخَارُ: وتَرَاكَمَ فصارَ سَحَاباً.
(والاصْطِبَارُ: الاقْتِصَاصُ) ، وَفِي حَدِيث عَمّار حِين ضَرَبَه عُثْمانُ، فلمّا عُوتِبَ فِي ضَرْبِه إِيّاه قَالَ: (هاذِه يَدِي لِعَمَّارٍ فلْيَصْطَبِرْ) مَعْنَاهُ فَلْيَقْتَصَّ. يُقَال: صَبَرَ فُلانٌ فُلاناً لوَلِيّ فلانٍ، أَي حَبَسَه، وأَصْبَرَه أَي أَقَصَّهُ مِنْهُ فاصْطَبَر، أَي اقْتَصَّ.
وَقَالَ الأَحمرُ: أَقادَ السلطانُ فلَانا، وأَقَصَّهُ وأَصبَرَه بِمَعْنى واحدٍ، إِذَا قَتَلَه بقَوَدٍ، وَفِي الحَدِيث: (أَنَّ النبيَّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلمطَعَنَ إِنْسَاناً بقَضِيبٍ مُدَاعَبَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اصْبِرْنِي، قَالَ: اصْطَبِرْ) أَي: أَقِدْنِي من نَفْسِك، قَالَ: اسْتَقِدْ، يُقَال: صَبَرَ فُلانٌ من خَصْمِه، واصْطَبَرَ، أَي اقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ، وأَصْبَرَه الحاكِمُ، أَي أَقَصَّه من خَصْمِه.
(وصَبَّرَه: طَلَبَ مِنْهُ أَن يَصْبِر) ، كَذَا فِي التكملة.
(والصَّبُورُ) : من أَسْمَاءِ الله تَعَالَى، وَفِي الحَدِيثِ: (إِنّ اللَّهَ تَعالَى قَالَ: إِنِّي أَنَا الصَّبُورُ) ، قَالَ أَبو إِسحاق: الصَّبُورُ فِي صِفَةِ اللَّهِ عَزّ وجَلّ: (الحَلِيمُ الَّذِي لَا يُعَاجِلُ العُصَاةَ بالنِّقْمَةِ، بل يَعْفُو، أَو يُؤَخِّرُ) ، وَهُوَ من أَبْنِيَة المُبَالَغَةِ، والفَرْقُ بَينه وَبَين الحَلِيم أَنَّ المُذْنِبَ لَا يَأْمَنُ العُقُوبَةَ كَمَا يأْمَنُهَا فِي صِفَةِ الحَلِيم.
(و) الصَّبُورُ: (فَرَسُ نافِعِ بنِ جَبَلَة) الحَدَلِيّ.
(و) الصَّبْر: الجَراءَةُ، وَمِنْه قَوْله تَعالَى: (مَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النّار) ، هاكذا فِي سَائِر النُّسخ، وَالصَّوَاب: {فَمَآ أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ} (الْبَقَرَة: 175) ، (أَي مَا أَجْرَأَهُم) على أَعمالِ أَهلِ النّار (أَو مَا أَعْمَلَهُم بعَمَلِ أَهلِهَا) ، القَوْل الثَّانِي فِي التكملة.
(وشَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ: شَهْرُ الصَّوْمِ) ، وَمِنْه الحَدِيث: (مَن سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ وَحَرِ صَدْرِه فليَصُمْ شَهْرَ الصَّبْر وثَلاثةَ أَيام من كلِّ شَهْرٍ) ، وأَصْلُ الصّبْرِ: الحَبْسُ، وسُمِّيَ الصَّوْمُ صَبْراً؛ لما فِيهِ من حَبْسِ النَّفْسِ عَن الطَّعَام والشَّرَابِ والنِّكَاحِ.
(و) الصَّبَّارَةُ، (كجَبَّانَة: الأَرْضُ الغَلِيظَةُ المُشْرِفَةُ الشَّأْسَةُ) ، لَا نَبْتَ فِيهَا، وَلَا تُنْبِتُ شَيْئا، وَقيل: هِيَ أُم صَبّارٍ.
(وسَمَّوْا صابِراً) كنَاصِرٍ، مِنْهُم: أَبو عَمْرٍ ومحمَّدُ بنُ محمّد بن صابِر الصّابِرِيّ، نُسِبَ إِلى جَدِّه، وَآخَرُونَ.
(وصَبِرَةَ، بكسرِ الباءِ) ، مِنْهُم عامِرُ بنُ صَبِرَةَ الصّحَابِيّ الَّذِي تقدَّم ذِكْرُه، وسَمَّوْا أَيضاً صبيرةَ.
(وأَمّا قولُ الجَوْهَرِيّ: الصَّبَارُ) ، أَي كسَحاب: (جَمْعُ صَبْرَةٍ) ، بِفَتْح فَسُكُون (وَهِي الحِجَارَةُ الشَّدِيدَةُ) ، قَالَ الأَعشى:
قُبَيْلَ الصُّبْحِ أَصْوَاتُ الصَّبَارِ
فغَلَطٌ، (والصَّوابُ فِي اللُّغَة و) فِي (البَيْتِ) أَصْواتُ (الصِّيَار، بالكَسْرِ، والياءِ) التَّحْتِيّة (وَهُوَ صَوْتُ الصَّنْجِ) ذِي الأَوْتَارِ (والبَيْتُ ليسَ للأَعْشَى) كَمَا ظَنَّه (وصَدْرُه) :
كَأَنَّ تَرَنُّمَ الهَاجاتِ فِيهَا
هاذا نَصّ الصّاغانيّ فِي التكملة، وكأَن المُصَنّف قلَّدَه فِي تَغْلِيطِ الجَوْهَرِيّ، والهَاجَاتُ: الضّفادِعُ، وعَلى قَوْلِ الجَوْهَرِيّ: شَبَّهَ نَقِيقَ الضَّفادِعِ فِي هاذِه العَيْنِ بوَقْعِ الحِجَارَةِ، وَهُوَ صَحِيح، ونقلَه صاحبُ المُحْكَمِ هاكذا، وسلَّمَه، ونَسب البَيْتَ للأَعشَى، وَقَالَ: الصَّبْرَةُ من الحِجَارَة: مَا اشتَدَّ وغَلُظَ، وجَمْعُهَا الصَّبَار. وسيأْتي فِي صير.
وَقَالَ شيخُنَا: كلامُ الجَوْهَرِيّ فِي هاذا البَيْت مَرْبوطٌ ببَيْتٍ آخَرَ جاءَ بِهِ شاهِداً على غيرِ هاذا ولابنِ بَرّيْ فِيهِ كَلامٌ غيرُ محرَّرٍ، قلَّده المصنِّف فِي ذالك فأَوْرَدَ الكلامَ مختَصَراً مُبْهَماً، فلْيُحَرّر، انْتهى.
قلْت: وكأَنّه يُشيرُ إِلى قَول الأَعشى المتقدِّم ذِكْرُه:
مَن مُبْلِغٌ شَيْبَــانَ أَنّ
المَرْءَ لَمْ يُخْلِقْ صَبَارَهْ
وقولُ ابنِ بَرِّيّ: وصوابُه بكسْرِ الصَّاد، قَالَ: وأَما صُبَارَةُ وصَبَارَةُ، فَلَيْسَ بجمْعٍ لصَبْرَةٍ؛ لأَنَّ فَعَالاً لَيْسَ من أَبْنِيَةِ الجُمُوعِ، وإِنما ذالِك فِعَالٌ، بالكسرِ، نَحْو حِجَارٍ وجِبَالٍ، وأَنّ البيتَ لعَمْرِو بنِ مِلقَطٍ الطّائِيّ وَقد تَقَدّم بيانُه، فهاذا تحريرُ هاذا المَقَام الذِي أَشارَ لَهُ شيخُنا، فتَأَمَّلّ.
(وصَابِرٌ، سِكَّةٌ بمَرْوَ) . ظاهِرُ أَنه كناصِر، وضَبَطَه الحافِظُ فِي التَّبْصِيرِ بِفَتْح الموحَّدَةِ، وَقَالَ: مِنْهَا أَبو الْمَعَالِي يُوسُفُ بنُ مُحَمّدٍ الفُقَيْمِيّ الصابِريّ، سمِعَ مِنْهُ أَبو سَعْد بنِ السَّمْعَانِيّ.
(والصَّبْرَةُ، بالفَتْح) ذِكْرُ الفَتْحِ مُسْتَدْرَكٌ: (مَا تَلَبَّدَ فِي الحَوْضِ من البَوْلِ والسِّرْقِينِ والبَعَرِ) .
(و) الصَّبْرَةُ (من الشِّتَاءِ: وَسَطُه) . وَقد تَقَدَّم فِي كَلَام المصنِّف، ويُقَال لَهَا أَيضاً: الصَّوْبَرَةُ.
(و) صَبْرَة، (بِلا لَام: د، بالمَغْرِبِ) قَرِيبٌ من القَيْرَوان.
(والصُّنْبُورُ) ، بالضَّمّ، (يأْتِي) ذكره فِي النُّون (إِنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى) .
وَمِمَّا يسْتَدرك عَلَيْهِ:
الصُّبَارَةُ من السَّحَابِ كالصَّبِيرِ.
وصَبَرَهُ: أَوْثَقَه.
وأَصْبَرَهُ القَاضِي: أَقَصَّهُ من خَصْمِه.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (وإِنَّ عندَ رِجْلَيْهِ قَرَظاً مَصْبُوراً) ، أَي مجموعاً قد جُعِلَ صُبْرَةً كصُبْرَة الطَّعَامِ.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (من فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا كَانَ لَهُ خَيْراً من صَبِيرٍ ذَهَباً) ، قَالُوا: هُوَ اسمُ جَبَلٍ باليَمَن، وَفِي بعض الرّوايات: (مثل صِير) بالصَّاد الْمَكْسُورَة والتحتيّة، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ لطَيِّىءٍ، قَالَ ابنُ الأَثير: جاءَت هاذِه الكلمةُ فِي حَدِيثَيْن لعَلِيَ ومُعَاذٍ، أَما حَدِيث عليّ فَهُوَ: صِيرٌ، وأَما رِوَايَة مُعَاذٍ: فصَبِيرٌ، قَالَ: كَذَا فَرَّق بَينهمَا بعضُهُم، قلت: وسيأْتي فِي صير.
وَفِي الحَدِيث: (نَهَى عَن صَبْرِ ذِي الرُّوحِ) ، وَهُوَ الخِصَاءُ.
وَمن المَجاز: صَبَرْتُ يَمِينَه، إِذا حَلَّفْتَه جَهْدَ القَسَمِ، ويَمِينٌ مَصْبُورَةٌ، وبَدَنِي لَا يَصْبِرُ على البَرْدِ وهاذَا شَجَرٌ لَا يَضُرُّهُ البَرْدُ. وَهُوَ صابِرٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ أَصْبَرُ على الضَّرْبِ من الأَرْضِ. كَذَا فِي الأَساس.
والصّابُورَةُ: مَا يُوضَعُ فِي بَطْنِ المَرْكبِ من الثِّقْلِ.
والصّابِرُ: لَقَبُ عليِّ ابْن أُخْتِ الشيخِ فَرِيدِ الدّينِ العمريّ أَحد مشايِخ الجشية، صَاحب التآليفِ والكرامات.
ولقبُ عَليِّ بنِ عَليِّ بنِ أَحْمَدَ الشَّرْنُوبِيّ، جَدِّ شيخِنا يُوسُفَ بنِ عليَ أَحدِ شُيوخنا فِي البرهمانيَّة.
والصُّبَيْرَةُ، مُصَغَّراً: ناحِيَةٌ شامِيّة.
وَبلا لَام: موضِعٌ آخر.
وَالْقَاضِي أَبو بَكْر مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبدِ الرحمانِ بنِ صُبْر البغداديّ، بالضَّمِّ، فقيهٌ حنفيٌ، مَاتَ سنة 380.
وَفِي تَمِيمٍ: صُبَيْرَةُ بنُ يَرْبُوع بنِ حَنْظَلَةَ، قَالَ ابنُ الكَلْبِيّ: مِنْهُم قَطَنُ بنُ رَبِيعَةَ بنِ أَبي سَلمَةَ بن صُبَيْرَة شاعرُ بني يَرْبُوع.
وَمن شيوخِ أَبي عُبَيْدَة رَيّانُ الصُّبَيْرِيّ.

عنس

1 عَنَسَتْ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and عَنِسَ; (A, O, Msb, K;) and عَنِسَتْ, aor. ـَ (A, O, K;) inf. n. عُنُوس (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and عِنَاسٌ, (S, A, O, K,) or the latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and ↓ أَعْنَسَتْ; (O, K;) and ↓ عَنَّسَتْ, (Az, S, A, Mgh, O, K,) or this last has an intensive signification, (Msb,) inf. n. تَعْنِيسٌ; (Az, S, Mgh, O;) and ↓ عَنِّسَتْ; (K;) or, accord. to As, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) you do not say عَنَسَتْ, (Msb,) or you do not say ↓ عَنَّسَتْ, (S, O,) or you do not say either of these two, (Mgh, TA,) but you say ↓ عُنِّسَتْ; (S, Mgh, O, TA;) or, accord. to some, you say عَنَسَتْ and ↓ عُنّسَتْ, but not ↓ عَنَّسَتْ; (TA;) or what As says is, that you say ↓ عَنَّسَتْ, with fet-h and teshdeed, and عَنَسَتْ, without teshdeed, contr. to what J says; (IB, TA;) She (a girl, S, A, Mgh, O, K, or woman, A, Msb) became of middle age, remaining a virgin, (A, Mgh,) not having married; (Mgh;) she stayed long in the abode of her family after she had attained to puberty, until she ceased to be reckoned among virgins, and did not marry: (S, A, O, Msb, K:) of one who has once married, you say not thus. (S, O, Msb.) Also عَنَسَ He (a man) became advanced in age without having married. (O, * Msb.) 2 عَنَّسَتْ and عُنِّسَتْ, inf. n. تَعْنِيسٌ: see 1, in seven places.

A2: عَنَّسَهَا أَهْلُهَا, (inf. n. as above, K,) Her family restrained her (namely a girl or woman) from marriage (Lth, A, Mgh, * Msb) until she was of middle age; (A, Mgh; *) or until she had passed the period of youthfulness but had not yet become aged; (TA;) or long after she had attained to puberty, until she had ceased to be reckoned among virgins. (S, O, Msb, K.) 4 أَعْنَسَتْ: see 1.

A2: اعنس He nourished, or brought up, a girl who became of middle age remaining a virgin, not marrying; expl. by رَبَّى

عَانِسًا. (TA.) A3: اعنسهُ He, or it, altered him, or it. (K.) You say فُلَانٌ لَمْ تُعْنِسِ السِّنُّ وَجْهَهُ Such a one, age did not alter his face. (S, O. *) and اعنس الــشَّيْبُ وَجْهَهُ, (O, K,) or رَأْسَهُ, (T, TA,) Hoariness interspersed his face, (O, K,) or his head. (TA.) 12 اِعْنَوْنَسَ, (S,) inf. n. اِعْنِينَاسٌ, (O, K,) It (the tail of a she-camel) was, or became, full, or ample, (S, O, K,) and long, in its hair. (O, K.) عَنْسٌ A rock. (TA.) b2: And hence, as being likened thereto, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A she-camel that is hard, or firm, (IAar, S, O, K, TA,) or strong, (TA,) such as is termed بَازِل, when she is of full age, and has become very strong, and full in her bones and her limbs; not applied to any other [beast]: (IAar, TA:) or whose tail has become full, or ample: (S:) pl. عِنَاسٌ and عُنُوسٌ. (IAar, ISd, TA.) b3: And An eagle: (O, K;) because of its hardness: (TA:) and so عَنْزٌ; (O;) or this signifies “ a female eagle. ” (S, O, K, in art. عنز.) عَانِسٌ A woman who has become of middle age remaining a virgin, (Lth, A, Mgh,) not having married; (Lth, Mgh;) or a woman who has not married, but waits, or expects, to be married; (Fr, TA;) or who has stayed long in the abode of her family after having attained to puberty, until she has ceased to be reckoned among virgins, and has not married; (S, O, Msb, K;) beyond the age of her who is termed مُعْصِرٌ; (Ks, S, O;) and ↓ مُعَنَّسَةٌ signifies the same: (Fr, Mgh, TA:) pl. عَوَانِسُ and عُنْسٌ and عُنَّسٌ (S, O, K) and عُنُوسٌ: (O, K:) and the pl. of ↓ مُعَنَّسَةٌ is مَعَانِسُ and مُعَنَّسَاتٌ. (TA.) And عَانِسٌ is applied in like manner to a man, (S, O, K,) signifying One who is far advanced in age and has not married: (Msb, TA:) and its pl. is عَانِسُونَ. (S, O, TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A camel fat, and complete, or perfect, in make: fem. with ة: (O, K, TA:) or [the pl.]

عُنَّسٌ applied to camels means such as are above the بِكَارَة [pl. of بَكْرٌ]; i. e. the young in a middling degree. (TA.) مُعَنَّسَةٌ: see عَانِسٌ, in two places. Quasi عنصر عُنْصُرٌ and عُنْصَرٌ: see art. عصر. Quasi عنصل العُنْصَُلُ and العُنْصَُلآءُ: see art. عصل.

الأَحَصُّ:
بالفتح، وتشديد الصاد المهملة، يقال: رجل أحصّ، بيّن الحصص أي قليل شعر الرأس، وقد حصّت البيضة رأسي إذا أذهبت شعره، وطائر أحصّ الجناح، ورجل احصّ اللّحية، ورحم حصّاء كله بمعنى القطع، وقال أبو زيد: رجل أحصّ إذا كان نكدا مشؤوما، فكأنّ هذا الموضع، لقلة خيره، وعدم نباته، سمّي بذلك. وبنجد موضعان يقال لهما: الأحصّ وشبيث. وبالشام من نواحي حلب موضعان يقال لهما: الأحصّ وشبيث. فأمّا الذي بنجد، فكانت منازل ربيعة،
ثم منازل ابني وائل بكر وتغلب. وقال أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد في كتابه في افتراق العرب:
ودخلت قبائل ربيعة ظواهر بلاد نجد والحجاز، وأطراف تهامة، وما والاها من البلاد، وانقطعوا إليها، وانتثروا فيها، فكانوا بالذنائب، وواردات، والأحصّ، وشبيث، وبطن الجريب، والتّغلمين، وما بينها وما حولها من المنازل. وروت العلماء الأئمة، كأبي عبيدة وغيره: أن كليبا، واسمه وائل بن ربيعة بن الحارث بن مرّة بن زهير بن جشم ابن بكر بن حبيب بن عمرو بن غنم بن تغلب بن وائل، قال يوما لامرأته، وهي جليلة بنت مرّة أخت جساس بن مرة بن ذهل بن شيبــان بن ثعلبة بن عكابة بن صعب بن علي بن بكر بن وائل، وأمّ جساس هبلة بنت منقذ بن سلمان بن كعب بن عمرو ابن سعد بن زيد مناة بن تميم، وكانت أختها البسوس نازلة على ابن أختها جسّاس بن مرّة، قال لها: هل تعرفين في العرب من هو أعزّ مني؟ قالت: نعم، أخواي جسّاس وهمّام، وقيل: قالت نعم، أخي جسّاس وندمانه عمرو المزدلف بن أبي ربيعة الحارث بن ذهل بن شيبــان. فأخذ قوسه وخرج فمرّ بفصيل لناقة البسوس فعقره، وضرب ضرع ناقتها حتى اختلط لبنها ودمها، وكانا قد قاربا حماه، فأغمضوا له على ذلك، واستغاثت البسوس، ونادت بويلها.
فقال جسّاس: كفّي، فسأعقر غدا جملا هو أعظم من عقر ناقة. فبلغ ذلك كليبا، فقال: دون عليّان خرط القتاد. فذهبت مثلا، وعليّان فحل إبل كليب. ثم أصابتهم سماء فمرّوا بنهر يقال له شبيث، فأراد جساس نزوله، فامتنع كليب قصدا للمخالفة. ثم مرّوا على الأحصّ، فأراد جساس وقومه النزول عليه، فامتنع كليب قصدا للمخالفة. ثم مرّوا ببطن الجريب، فجرى أمره على ذلك، حتى نزلوا الذنائب، وقد كلّوا وأعيوا وعطشوا، فأغضب ذلك جسّاسا، فجاء وعمرو المزدلف معه، فقال له: يا وائل، أطردت أهلنا من المياه حتى كدت تقتلهم؟ فقال كليب: ما منعناهم من ماء إلّا ونحن له شاغلون، فقال له: هذا كفعلك بناقة خالتي، فقال له: أو ذكرتها؟ أما إني لو وجدتها في غير إبل مرّة، يعني أبا جساس، لاستحللت تلك الإبل.
فعطف عليه جساس فرسه وطعنه بالرمح فأنفذه فيه.
فلما أحسّ بالموت، قال: يا عمرو اسقني ماء، يقول ذلك لعمرو المزدلف، فقال له: تجاوزت بالماء الأحصّ، وبطن شبيث. ثم كانت حرب ابني وائل، وهي حرب البسوس، أربعين سنة، وهي حروب يضرب بشدتها المثل. قالوا: والذنائب عن يسار ولجة للمصعد إلى مكة، وبه قبر كليب. وقد حكى هذه القصة بعينها النابغة الجعدي، يخاطب عقال بن خويلد، وقد أجار بني وائل ابن معن، وكانوا قتلوا رجلا من بني جعدة، فحذّرهم مثل حرب البسوس وحرب داحس والغبراء، فقال في ذلك:
فأبلغ عقالا، إنّ غاية داحس ... بكفّيك، فاستأخر لها، أو تقدّم
تجير علينا وائلا بدمائنا، ... كأنّك، عمّا ناب أشياعنا، عم
كليب لعمري كان أكثر ناصرا، ... وأيسر جرما منك، ضرّج بالدم
رمى ضرع ناب، فاستمرّ بطعنة ... كحاشية البرد اليماني المسهّم
وقال لجسّاس: أغثني بشربة، ... تفضّل بها، طولا عليّ، وأنعم
فقال: تجاوزت الأحصّ وماءه، ... وبطن شبيث، وهو ذو مترسّم
فهذا كما تراه، ليس في الشعر والخبر ما يدلّ على أنها بالشام. وأما الأحصّ وشبيث بنواحي حلب، وقد تحقق أمرهما، فلا ريب فيهما، أما الأحصّ فكورة كبيرة مشهورة، ذات قرّى ومزارع، بين القبلة وبين الشمال من مدينة حلب، قصبتها خناصرة، مدينة كان ينزلها عمر بن عبد العزيز، وهي صغيرة، وقد خربت الآن إلّا اليسير منها. وأما شبيث، فجبل في هذه الكورة أسود، في رأسه فضاء، فيه أربع قرى، وقد خربت جميعها. ومن هذا الجبل يقطع أهل حلب وجميع نواحيها حجارة رحيّهم، وهي سود خشنة، وإياها عنى عدي بن الرقاع بقوله:
وإذا الربيع تتابعت أنواؤه، ... فسقى خناصرة الأحصّ وزادها
فأضاف خناصرة الى هذا الموضع، وإياها عنى جرير أيضا بقوله:
عادت همومي بالأحصّ وسادي، ... هيهات من بلد الأحصّ بلادي
لي خمس عشرة من جمادى ليلة، ... ما أستطيع على الفراش رقادي
ونعود سيّدنا وسيّد غيرنا، ... ليت التّشكي كان بالعوّاد
وأنشد الأصمعي، في كتاب جزيرة العرب، لرجل من طيّء، يقال له الخليل بن قردة، وكان له ابن واسمه زافر، وكان قد مات بالشام في مدينة دمشق، فقال:
ولا آب ركب من دمشق وأهله ... ولا حمص، إذ لم يأت، في الركب، زافر
ولا من شبيث والأحصّ ومنتهى ال ... مطايا بقنسّرين، أو بخناصر
وإياه عنى ابن أبي حصينة المعرّي بقوله:
لجّ برق الأحصّ في لمعانه، ... فتذكّرت من وراء رعانه
فسقى الغيث حيث ينقطع الأو ... عس من رنده ومنبت بانه
أو ترى النّور مثل ما نشر البر ... د، حوالي هضابه وقنانه
تجلب الريح منه أذكى من المس ... ك، إذا مرّت الصّبا بمكانه
وهذا، كما تراه، ليس فيه ما يدل على أنه إلا بالشام. فإن كان قد اتفق ترادف هذين الاسمين بمكانين بالشام، ومكانين بنجد، من غير قصد، فهو عجب. وإن كان جرى الأمر فيهما، كما جرى لأهل نجران ودومة، في بعض الروايات، حيث أخرج عمر أهلهما منهما، فقدموا العراق، وبنوا لهم بها أبنية، وسموها باسم ما أخرجوا منه، فجائز أن تكون ربيعة فارقت منازلها، وقدمت الشام، فأقاموا بها، وسموا هذه بتلك، والله أعلم. وينسب إلى أحصّ حلب، شاعر يعرف بالناشي الأحصّي، كان في أيام سيف الدولة أبي الحسن علي بن حمدان، له خبر ظريف، أنا مورده ههنا، وإن لم أكن على ثقة منه، وهو
أن هذا الشاعر الأحصّي دخل على سيف الدولة، فأنشده قصيدة له فيه، فاعتذر سيف الدولة بضيق اليد يومئذ، وقال له: أعذر فما يتأخر عنا حمل المال إلينا، فإذا بلغك ذلك فأتنا لنضاعف جائزتك، ونحسن إليك. فخرج من عنده فوجد على باب سيف الدولة كلابا تذبح لها السّخال وتطعم لحومها، فعاد إلى سيف الدولة فأنشده هذه الأبيات:
رأيت بباب داركم كلابا، ... تغذّيها وتطعمها السّخالا
فما في الأرض أدبر من أديب، ... يكون الكلب أحسن منه حالا
ثم اتفق أن حمل إلى سيف الدولة أموال من بعض الجهات على بغال، فضاع منها بغل بما عليه، وهو عشرة آلاف دينار، وجاء هذا البغل حتى وقف على باب الناشي الشاعر بالأحصّ، فسمع حسّه، فظنّه لصّا، فخرج إليه بالسلاح، فوجده بغلا موقرا بالمال، فأخذ ما عليه من المال وأطلقه. ثم دخل حلب ودخل على سيف الدولة وأنشده قصيدة له يقول فيها:
ومن ظنّ أن الرّزق يأتي بحيلة، ... فقد كذّبته نفسه، وهو آثم
يفوت الغنى من لا ينام عن السّرى، ... وآخر يأتي رزقه وهو نائم
فقال له سيف الدولة: بحياتي! وصل إليك المال الذي كان على البغل؟ فقال: نعم. فقال: خذه بجائزتك مباركا لك فيه. فقيل لسيف الدولة: كيف عرفت ذلك؟ قال عرفته من قوله:
وآخر يأتي رزقه وهو نائم
بعد قوله:
يكون الكلب أحسن منه حالا

سحل

1 سَحَلَهُ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. سَحْلٌ, (S, TA,) He pared it; peeled it; or stripped off, scraped off, rubbed off, abraded, or otherwise removed, its outer covering or integument, or superficial part: or he pared, peeled, or stripped, it off: (S, K, TA:) this is the primary signification: (S:) and he filed it. (TA.) It is said in a trad., فَجَعَلَتْ تَسْحَلُهَا لَهُ, i. e. And she betook herself to paring off from it the flesh that was upon it for him: or, as some relate it, تَسْحَاهَا, which means the same. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] الرِّيَاحُ تَسْحَلُ الأَرْضَ (tropical:) The winds strip off what is upon the earth, (K, TA,) or the surface of the earth. (TA: and the like is said in the S.) b3: and سَحَلَهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He struck him a hundred lashes, or strokes of a whip, (S, K, TA,) and pared off his skin, (TA,) or as though he pared off his skin. (S.) b4: and سَحَلَ فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one reviled [another], and blamed [him: like as you say, قَشَرَ بِاللِّسَانِ]. (K. [See مِسْحَلٌ as meaning “ a tongue. ”]) One says, وَجَدَ النَّاسَ يَسْحَلُونَهُ (assumed tropical:) He found the people reviling him, (K, TA,) and blaming him, and speaking evil of him behind his back, or in his absence, or otherwise. (TA.) b5: سَحَلْتُ الشَّىْءَ i. q. سَحَقْتُهُ [I bruised, brayed, or pounded, the thing: or pulverized it: &c.]. (S.) b6: سَحَلَ الثِّيَابَ He washed the clothes, [beating them in doing so,] and removed [or rubbed off] from them the soils. (TA.) b7: سَحَلْتُ الدَّرَاهِمَ I made the pieces of money smooth. (S.) Accord. to ISk, I poured out, or forth, the pieces of money; as though I rubbed them, one against another. (S.) [Or] سَحَلَ الدَّرَاهِمَ, aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) i. q. اِنْتَقَدَهَا [which signifies He picked the pieces of money, separating the good from the bad; or examined them to do so: and also he received the pieces of money]. (K.) and سَحَلْتُهُ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ I paid him a hundred dirhems in ready money. (S.) [Or] سَحَلَ الغَرِيمَ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ He paid the creditor a hundred dirhems in ready money. (K.) A2: سَحَلَ الثَّوْبَ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He wove the garment, or piece of cloth, of spun thread not formed of two twists: (K:) or he wove it without having twisted its warp [i. e. without having made its warp to consist of threads of two twists]. (TA.) b2: and سَحَلْتُ الحَبْلَ I formed the rope of a single twist; (S, TA;) and accord. to some, one says also ↓ أَسْحَلْتُهُ, but the former is the chaste expression. (TA.) [Hence,] سُحِلَتْ مَرِيرَةُ فُلَانٍ is said of one whose strength has become weakened; meaning (tropical:) His well-twisted rope, or rope of two twists, has become a rope of a single twist. (TA.) b3: سَحَلَ القِرَآءَةَ, inf. n. سَحْلٌ, He performed the reading, or recitation, in consecutive portions, continuously: and some relate it with ج [i. e.

سَجَلَ]: سَحْلٌ is syn. with سَرْدٌ, signifying the making [a thing] to be consecutive in its parts, or portions. (TA.) b4: بَاتَتِ السَّمَآءُ تَسْحَلُ لَيْلَتَهَا (tropical:) The sky continued pouring forth water that night: (As, S, TA:) inf. n. as above. (TA.) b5: And سَحَلَتِ العَيْنُ, (K,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. سَحْلٌ and سُحُولٌ, (tropical:) The eye wept; (K;) poured forth tears. (TA.) A3: سَحَلَ, aor. ـِ (S, K) and سَحَلَ, (K,) inf. n. سَحِيلٌ and سُحَالٌ, (S, * K, [the latter inf. n. erroneously written in the CK سِحال,]) He (an ass) made a rolling sound in his chest; whence the ass of the desert is called ↓ مِسْحَلٌ: (S: [see also سَحِيلٌ below:]) he (a mule, K, and an ass, TA) brayed. (K, TA.) 3 ساحلوا, (S, K,) inf. n. مُسَاحَلَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) They took, (S,) or came, (K,) to the سَاحِل [or shore, &c., of the sea]. (S, K, TA.) Hence, in a trad. respecting Bedr, فَسَاحَلَ بِالْعِيرِ And he brought the caravan to the سَاحِل of the sea. (TA.) A2: هُوَ يُسَاحِلُهُ, inf. n. سَحَالٌ and مُسَاحَلَةٌ, He contends, disputes, or litigates, with him. (TA.) 4 اشحل فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) He found the people reviling such a one, (K, TA,) and blaming him, and speaking evil of him behind his back, or in his absence, or otherwise. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.7 انسحل It became pared, or peeled; or had its outer covering or integument, or its superficial part, stripped off, scraped off, rubbed off, abraded, or otherwise removed: or it became pared, peeled, or stripped, off. (K.) It is said, in this sense, of the surface of the earth [as meaning (assumed tropical:) It was stripped of what was upon it by the wind: see 1, third sentence]. (TA.) b2: انسحلت الدَّرَاهِمُ The pieces of money became smooth. (S.) A2: It poured out, or forth; or became poured out, or forth. (TA.) b2: انسحلت النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel was, or became, quick, or swift, in her going, or pace. (As, TA.) b3: انسحل بِالكَلَامِ (tropical:) He (an orator, S, TA) ran on with speck: (S, K, TA:) or was fluent, and diffuse, or without pause, or hesitation, therein. (TA.) سَحْلٌ A white garment or piece of cloth: (Msb:) or a white, thin garment or piece of cloth: (TA:) or a white garment or piece o cloth, of cotton, (S, K,) of those of El-Yemen: (S:) pl [of mult.] سُحُولٌ and سُحُلٌ (S, Msb, K) and [of pauc.] أَسْحَالٌ. (K. [See also ثِيَابٌ سَحُولِيَّةٌ, below.]) b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, of which the spun thread is not composed of two twists; as also ↓ سَحِيلٌ: (K:) or, as some say, the latter is not applied to a garment, or piece of cloth; but to thread, in a sense expl. below: (TA:) or, accord. to Aboo-Nasr, it (the latter) is applied also to a garment, or piece of cloth, of which the spun thread is a single yarn: the مُبْرَم is that of which the spun thread is twisted of two yarns: and the مِتْآم is that of which the warp and the woof are each of two yarns. (S, TA.) b3: Also, (K,) or ↓ سَحِيلٌ, (S,) or both, (TA,) A rope that is of a single strand; (K, TA;) or the latter, a rope that is twisted of one twist, like as the tailor twists his thread: the مُبْرَم is that which is composed of two twists twisted together into one: (Aboo-Nasr, S, TA:) such a rope is also termed ↓ مَسْحُولٌ; but not ↓ مُسْحَلٌ, for the sake of [analogy to] مُبْرَمٌ; (S, TA;) or the latter epithet is sometimes applied to it: (S, TA: [see also مِسْحَلٌ:]) ↓ سَحِيلٌ likewise signifies thread not twisted; (Aboo-Nasr, S, TA;) or spun thread not composed of two twists. (TA.) A2: Also Ready money: (S, TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly so termed]. (TA.) سُحَالٌ: see سَحِيلٌ.

سِحَالٌ: see مِسْحَلٌ.

سَحُولٌ One who beats and washes and whitens clothes: hence, accord. to some, ثِيَابٌ سَحُوِليَّةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) سَحِيلٌ: see سَحْلٌ, in three places.

A2: Also, and ↓ سُحَالٌ, [both mentioned above as inf. ns., (see 1, last sentence,)] The rolling sound in the chest of the ass: (S, K:) or the former, [and probably the latter also,] the most vehement braying of the wild ass. (TA.) سُحَالَةٌ Filings of gold and of silver (S, K) and the like, (S,) or of anything. (TA.) b2: The husks of wheat and of barley and the like (K, TA) when stripped off therefrom, and so of other grains, as rice and [the species of millet called]

دُخْن: accord. to Az, the particles that fall off of rice and of millet (ذُرَة) in the process of bruising, or braying, or pounding, like bran. (TA.) b3: And [hence,] (tropical:) The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of a people or party of men. (IaAr, K, TA.) ثِيَابٌ سَحُولِيَّةٌ Certain garments, or pieces of cloth, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) of cotton, (S, TA,) white, (Mgh, TA,) so called in relation to سَحُولٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) a place, (S, K,) or town, (Mgh, Msb,) of El-Yemen, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) where they are woven, (K,) or whence they are brought: (Msb:) some say سُحُولِيَّةٌ, with damm; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) so say Az and El-Kutabee; (Mgh;) a rel. n. from سُحُولٌ, pl. of سَحْلٌ, (Mgh, Msb, * TA,) meaning “ a white garment or piece of cloth (Mgh, TA) of cotton; ” (TA;) but this is [said to be] a mistake; (Msb;) or it is allowable because فُعُولٌ sometimes occurs as the measure of a sing., to which this pl. is likened; as is said in the O: (TA:) or the former appellation is applied, as some say, to garments, or pieces of cloth, beaten and washed and whitened; so called in relation to سَحُولٌ meaning “ one who beats and washes and whitens clothes. ” (TA.) سَاحِلٌ (tropical:) A shore of a sea or great river (S, Msb, K, TA) [and] of a river (نَهْر) like جُدٌّ; (Mgh in art. جد;) [generally, a sea-shore, seacoast, or seaboard;] and a tract of cultivated land, with towns or villages, adjacent to a sea or great river: (K:) a reversed word, (IDrd, S, K,) by rule مَسْحُولٌ, (IDrd, K,) of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (TA,) because the water abrades it, (IDrd, S, K, TA,) or comes upon it: (TA:) or [it is a possessive epithet, like لَابِنٌ and تَامِرٌ,] meaning having abrading water (ذُو سَاحِلٍ مِنَ المَآءِ) when the tide flows and ebbs and so sweeps away what is upon it. (K.) and The side (سِيف) of a valley. (K. in art. سيف.) Pl. سَوَاحِلُ. (Msb.) إِسْحِلٌ A kind of trees, (AHn, S, K,) resembling the [species of tamarisk called] أَثْل, and growing in the places where the [trees called] أَرَاك grow, in plain, or soft, tracts: (AHn, TA:) its twigs are used for cleaning the teeth: (AHn, K * TA:) and Imra-el-Keys likens the fingers of a woman to tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) thereof. (S, TA. [See EM p. 30.]) It is [said to be] a word that has no parallel in form except إِذْخِرٌ and إِجْرِدٌ and إِبْلِمٌ and إِثْمِدٌ. (TA.) أَسَاحِلُ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned] Water-courses, or places in which water flows. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) مُسْحَلٌ: see سَحْلٌ.

مِسْحَلٌ An implement for cutting, hewing, or paring, (Lth, K, TA,) of wood. (Lth, TA.) b2: A file. (S, K.) b3: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) The tongue, in an absolute sense: (K, TA:) [see مِبْرَدٌ: or as being an instrument of reviling,] from سَحَلَ “ he reviled. ” (TA.) J explains المِسْحَلُ as meaning اللِّسَانُ الخَطِيبُ, (K, TA,) and MF defends this as meaning The tongue that speaks well: (TA:) [and it is said in the Ham p. 683 to signify اللِّسَانُ الَّذِى لَا يَتَأَتَّى لِلْكَلَامِ, app. meaning the tongue that does not prepare itself for speech; i. e, the ready tongue:] but [F says that] the right reading is اللِّسَانُ وَالخَطِيبُ (K) [i. e.] b4: مِسْحَلٌ also signifies i. q. خَطِيبٌ (assumed tropical:) [A speaker, an orator, or a preacher; or a good speaker &c.]: and and eloquent خَطِيب; (K, TA;) one who scarcely, or never, stops short in his speech; excelling such as is termed مِصْقَعٌ. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) One who is skilled in the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án: (K:) from سَحْلٌ meaning the “ making ” [a thing] “ to be consecutive in its parts, or portions; ” and the “ pouring forth ”

[water &c.]. (TA.) b6: A copious rain: (K:) from سَحْلٌ meaning the act of “ pouring forth. ” (TA.) b7: A water-spout (مِيزَاب) of which the water is not to be withstood [so I render لَا يُطَاقُ مَاؤُهُ, app. meaning, that pours forth its water with such violence that no obstruction will resist it]. (O, K.) b8: The mouth of a مَزَادَة [or leathern water-bag]. (O, K.) b9: A brisk, lively, sprightly, or active, waterer, or cup-bearer. (O, K.) b10: Extreme (نِهَايَةٌ) in bounty, or munificence. (O, K.) b11: A courageous man, who acts, (يَعْمَلُ, so in the M and K, TA,) or charges, or makes an assault or attack, (يَحْمِلُ, so in the O, TA,) alone, or by himself. (M, O, K.) b12: The flogger who inflicts the castigations appointed by the law (O, K) before, or in the presence of, the Sultán. (O.) A2: I. q. لِجَامٌ [as meaning The bridle, or headstall and reins with the bit and other appertenances]; as also ↓ سِحَالٌ; (K;) like as you say مِنْطَقٌ and نِطَاقٌ, and مِئْزَرٌ and إِزَارٌ: (TA:) or its فَأْس; (K;) which is the piece of iron that stands up in the mouth [from the middle of the bit-mouth]; as IDrd says in the “ Book of the Saddle and Bridle: ” (TA:) and two rings, (K, TA,) one of which is inserted into the other, (TA,) at the two extremities of the شَكِيم of the bridle, (K, TA,) which is [generally applied to the bit-mouth, but is here said by SM to be] the piece of iron that is beneath the lower lip: or, accord. to IDrd, the مِسْحَل of the bridle is a piece of iron which is beneath the lower jaw; and the فَأْس is the piece of iron that stands up in the شَكِيمَة; and the شَكِيمَة is the piece of iron that lies crosswise in the mouth: and the pl. is مَسَاحِلُ: (TA:) or the مِسْحَلَانِ are two rings at the two extremities of the شَكِيم [or bit-mouth] of the bridle, one of which is inserted into the other [so that they occupy the place of our curb-chain]: (S:) they are [also said to be] the خَدَّانِ [lit. two cheeks] of the bridle: (TA:) the مِسْحَل is beneath the part in which is the bridle, and upon it flow the foam and blood of the horse. (Az, TA voce قَيْقَبٌ. [See also لِجَامٌ and فَأْسٌ.]) One says of a horse when exerting himself, and being quick, in his going, and thrusting forward therein his head, رَكِبَ مِسْحَلَهُ [He bore upon his bridle, &c.]. (O, TA.) And hence, (TA,) this phrase means [also] (assumed tropical:) He (a man, TA) followed his error, not desisting from it: (K, TA:) مِسْحَلٌ signifying (assumed tropical:) error: (K:) and [in like manner] طَعَنَ فِى

مِسْحَلِ ضَلَالَتِهِ means (assumed tropical:) He hastened, and strove in his error. (TA.) Also, the former of these two phrases, (assumed tropical:) He resolved, or determined, upon the [or his] affair, and strove, or exerted himself therein: (O, TA:) [for] مِسْحَلٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) decisive resolution or determination. (O, K, TA.) And (assumed tropical:) He went on with energy in his discourse, sermon, speech, oration, or harangue: (S, TA:) and so in his poetry. (A, TA.) b2: Also, [from the same word as meaning the “ bridle,” or “ headstall &c.,”] (tropical:) The side of the beard: [like as it is called عِذَار because it is in the place corresponding to that of the عِذَار of a horse or the like: (جانِبِ in the CK is a mistake for جَانِبُ:)] or the lower part of each عِذَار [or side of the beard], to the fore part of the beard; both together being called مِسْحَلَانِ: (K, TA: [اَسْفَلَ in the CK is a mistake for أَسْفَلُ:]) or the place of the عِذَار: (Az, TA:) or the temple; مِسْحَلَانِ meaning the two temples: (TA:) and (K) the عَارِض [or side of the cheek] of a man. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) One says, شَابَ مِسْحَلُهُ, meaning (tropical:) The side of his beard became white, or hoary. (TA.) A3: A clean (O, K, TA) thin (TA) garment, or piece of cloth, of cotton. (O, K, TA. [See also سَحْلٌ.]) b2: A rope, (K,) or string, or thread, (M, TA,) that is twisted alone: (K:) if with another, [i. e. with another strand,] it is termed مُبْرَمٌ, and مُغَارٌ. (TA. [See, again, سَحْلٌ.]) b3: A sieve. (O, K.) A4: The wild ass: (S, TA:) [because of his braying:] see 1, last sentence: an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates. (TA.) b2: A brisk, lively, sprightly, or active, ass. (O.) b3: A low, vile, mean, or sordid, man. (O, TA.) b4: A devil. (O, TA.) b5: The name of The تَابِعَة (S, O) or [familiar] jinnee or genie (K) of [the poet] El-Aashà. (S, O, K. [In the K it is implied that it is with the article ال: but accord. to the S and O and TA, it is without ال.]) مُسَحَّلَةٌ A ball of spun thread. (AA, TA.) مَسْحُولٌ [Pared, peeled, &c.: see 1. b2: and hence, because abraded by the feet of men and beasts,] A road. (TA in art. رفغ.) b3: And An even, wide place. (O, K.) A2: See also سَحْلٌ.

A3: As an epithet applied to a man, Small and contemptible. (O, K.) b2: And the name of A camel belonging to [the poet] El-' Ajjáj. (O, K.)