رسل

1 رَسِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ and رَسَالَ, He (a camel) was, or became, easy in pace. (M, K.) b2: Also, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ (Az, Az, Msb, K) and رَسَالَةٌ, as above, (Az, Az, K,) It (hair) became lank, not crisp; (Msb, K;) and so ↓ استرسل: (S, K:) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) لَا يَجِبُ مِنَ البِّحْيَةِ ↓ غَسْلُ مَا اسْتَرْسَلَ means [The washing] of what hangs down, and descends, [of the beard,] from the chin [is not requisite, or necessary, or incumbent]. (Mgh.) A2: [Golius says, as on the authority of the KL, that رَسَلَ signifies Nuncium misit: but what I find in the KL is, that رَسُولٌ, as an inf. n., signifies the bringing a message (پيغام بردن) : whence it seems that رَسَلَ means he brought a message.]2 تَرْسِيلٌ, in reading, or reciting, (Msb, K,) i. q. تَرْتِيلٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) Easy [or leisurely] utterance; without haste: (Yz, Msb, TA:) or, as some say, with consecution of the parts, or portions: (TA:) and ↓ تَرَسُّلٌ therein signifies the same: (Yz, Msb:) or فِى ↓ تَرَسَّلَ قِرّآءَتِهِ signifies he proceeded in a leisurely manner in his reading, or reciting, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and was grave, staid, sedate, or calm, (Mgh,) and endeavoured to understand, without raising his voice much. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَ فِى كَلَامِهِ تَرْسِيلٌ i. e. تَرْتِيلٌ [There was in his (Mohammad's) speech an easy, or a leisurely, utterance]. (TA.) And in another trad. it is said, وَإِذَا أَقَمْتَ فَاحْذِمْ ↓ إذَا أَذَّنْتَ فَتَرَسَّلْ [expl. in art. حذم]. (Mgh.) A2: See also 4, last sentence but one.

A3: رَسَّلْتُ فُصْلَانِى, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ, I gave to drink [to my young camels, or my young weaned camels,] رِسْل (K, TA,) i. e. milk. (TA.) 3 راسلهُ (S, MA,) inf. n. مُرَاسَلَةٌ, (S,) He sent a message, and a letter, or an epistle, to him, (MA, PS,) the latter doing the like: (PS:) [he interchanged messages, and letters, with him.] Yousay, راسلهُ فِى كَذَا [He interchanged messages, or letters, with him, in relation to such a thing]: and بَيْنَهُمَا مُرَاسَلَاتٌ [Between them two are interchanges of messages, or of letters]. (TA.) and هَىَ تُرَاسِلُ الخُطَّابَ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with those who demand women in marriage]. (M, K.) And تُرَاسِلُهُ بِالخُطَّابِ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with him by means of those who demand women in marriage]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] راسلهُ فِى نِضَالٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ [He acted interchangeably, or alternated, with him in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance]. (S.) And راسلهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ, and العَمَلِ, He relieved him, or aided him, in singing, and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the latter was unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the latter person was unable to continue it; or he so relieved, or aided, him in singing with a high voice: or راسلهُ فِى عَمَلِهِ he aided him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] or he followed him, or imitated him, in his work: (IAar, Msb:) and راسلهُ الغِنَآءَ he emulated him, or imitated him, [by alternating with him,] in the singing. (TA.) And راسلهُ فِى

القِرَآءَة He aided him, or assisted him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] in the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án &c. (MA.) 4 إِرْسَالٌ signifies The act of sending. (K, KL, &c.) Thus is explained إِرْسَالُ اللّٰهِ أَنْبِيَآءَهُ [i. e. God's sending his prophets.] (Th, TA.) You say, ↓ أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ (S) I sent such a one with a message. (PS.) And ↓ ارسل إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا (MA, Msb *) He sent to him a message, or a letter, (MA,) or a messenger. (Msb.) b2: [The act of sending forth, or starting, a horse for a race: the discharging a thing; as, for instance, an arrow from a bow; and water, or the like, from a vessel &c. in which it was confined: the launching forth a ship or boat; letting it go; letting it take its course:] the act of setting loose or free; letting loose; loosing, unbinding, or liberating. (K.) You say ارسل الشَّىْءَ He set loose or free, &c., the thing. (M.) And أَرْسَلْتُ الطَّائِرَ مِنْ يَدِى I let go, or let loose, the bird from my hand. (Msb.) And [hence,] ارسل الحُرُوفَ [He uttered the letters]. (Mgh in art. رتل.) And ارسل الغِنَآءَ [He uttered the song; he sang]. (TA.) and ارسل الإِقَامَةَ [He chanted the اقامة]. (Msb in art. درج. [See أَدْرَجَ.]) And ارسل عَلَيْهِ لِسَانَهُ [(assumed tropical:) He let loose his tongue against him]. (A in art. برد.) and ارسل الكَلَامَ (assumed tropical:) He made the speech, or language, to be unrestricted. (Msb.) [In like manner,] إِرْسَالٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The making a thing, such as property, and a legacy, absolute, or unrestricted. (Mgh.) b3: [The act of letting down, letting fall, or making to hang down, the hair &c. You say, ارسلهُ, and ارسلهُ مِنْ أَعْلَى إِلَى أَسْفَلَ, He let it down, &c., or lowered it.] b4: (assumed tropical:) The act of leaving, leaving alone, or neglecting, (M, K,) a thing. (M.) [Hence,] one says, ارسلهُ عَنْ يَدِهِ (tropical:) He left, forsook, or deserted, him; or he abstained from, or neglected, aiding him, or assisting him. (TA.) b5: Also The act of making to have dominion, or authority, and power; making to have, or exercise, absolute dominion or sovereignty or rule, or absolute superiority of power or force; or giving power, or superior power or force. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xix. 86], أَرْسَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ عَلَى

الكَافِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمْ أَزًّا, i. e. [We have made the devils to have dominion, &c., over the unbelievers, inciting them strongly to acts of disobedience; or] we have appointed, or prepared, the devils for the unbelievers, because of their unbelief; like as is said in the same [xliii. 35], نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا [“ We will appoint, or prepare, for him a devil ” as an associate]: this is the preferred explanation: [or it may be well rendered we have sent the devils against the unbelievers:] some say that the meaning is, we have left the devils to do as they please with the unbelievers, not withholding them, or preserving them, from acceptance from them. (Zj, M.) A2: ارسلوا [from رِسْلٌ] They had milk in their cattle: (S:) or their milk became much; as also ↓ رسّلوا, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ: (K:) or the latter signifies their milk and drink became much. (TA.) b2: Also [from رَسَلٌ] They became possessors of herds or flocks. (O, K. *) 5 ترسّل He acted, or behaved, gently, and deliberately, or leisurely, (M, K, TA,) and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness. (TA.) التَّرَسُّلُ فِى الأُمُورِ is The acting, or behaving, [gently, and] deliberately, or leisurely, and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness, in affairs. (TA.) See also 2, in three places. b2: التَّرَسُّلُ in riding is The extending one's legs upon the beast so as to let, or make, his clothes hang down loosely upon his legs: and in sitting, the crossing one's legs, and letting, or making, his clothes hang down loosely upon them and around him. (TA.) A2: ترسّلا بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [He acted as a رَسُول (or messenger) between the people]. (Msb and TA in art. الك.) 6 تراسلوا They sent, one to another, (MA, Msb, TA,) a message [or messages], (MA, Msb,) or a messenger [or messengers]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تراسلوا فِى الغِنَآءِ [They relieved, or aided, one another alternately in singing;] i. e. they combined in singing, one beginning, and prolonging his voice, but being unable to continue long enough to accomplish the cadence, and therefore pausing, and another then taking up the strain, and then the first returning to the modulation, and so on to the end. (Msb.) لَا تَرَاسُلَ فِى الأَذَانِ means[in like manner] There shall be no relieving, or aiding, one another [alternately], i. e., no combining [of two or more persons, each performing a part alternately], in the chanting of the call to prayer. (Msb.) [In other cases likewise]

التَّرَاسُلُ signifies The doing the like of that which one's companion, or fellow, [or another,] does, in such a manner as that one follows another [alternately]. (Har p. 268.) 10 استرسل It (a thing) was, or became, loose, or slack; syn. سَلِسَ. (M, TA.) b2: Said of hair: see 1, in two places. [In like manner said of a tree, &c., It drooped; or was pendent. Said of a cheek, (to which its part. n. مُسْتَرْسِلٌ is applied as an epithet in the K voce أَسِيلٌ,) It was, or became, lank.] b3: الاِسْتِرْسَالُ in the pace of a beast is The going gently, deliberately, or leisurely. (TA.) [And you say, استرسلت الدَّابَّةٌ The beast went a gentle, deliberate, or leisurely, pace.]

b4: Also, [in other cases,] The being still, and steady. (TA.) b5: Hence, (TA,) استرسل إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He acted, or behaved, towards him with freedom, boldness, forwardness, or presumptuousness, and with familiarity; syn. اِنْبَسَطَ, and اِسْتَأْنَسَ; (S, K, TA;) and was at ease, and confided in him, with respect to that which he told him: (TA:) or he acted forwardly, or impudently, towards him: he acted forwardly, impudently, freely, or familiarly, towards him, in the way of coquetry, or feigned disdain. (MA.) b6: And استرسل الدَّهْرُ فِيهِمْ فَأَفْنَاهُمْ [(assumed tropical:) Fate made free with them, and destroyed them]. (TA in art. بهل) A2: Also He said, Send thou to me the camels in droves (أَرْسَالًا [in the CK, erroneously, اِرْسالًا]); (K, TA;) ارسالا being with fet-h to the hemzeh; i. e. drove after drove: for the camels, when they come to the water, are numerous; and their tender brings them to the watering-trough thus; not all together, as in this case they would press together upon the watering-trough and not satisfy their thirst. (TA.) رَسْلٌ Easy; applied to a pace. (M, K.) b2: Easy in pace; applied to a he-camel: fem. with ة: (S, M, K:) or soft, or gentle, in pace; applied to a he-camel and to a she-camel: (Msb:) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, also, applied to a she-camel, has the former of these significations; and its pl. is مَرَاسِيلُ: (S, K:) or this pl. signifies light, or active, she-camels, that give thee what they have to give spontaneously; and رَسْلَةٌ is applied to one thereof: a she-camel is termed ↓ مِرْسَالٌ as being likened to the arrow thus called. (TA.) b3: Soft, and lax, or flaccid: [app. applied to a he-camel; for it is added,] one says نَاقَةٌ رَسْلَةٌ القَوَائِمِ, meaning A she-camel loose, or slack, [in the legs, and] soft in the joints [thereof]. (TA. [See also another meaning assigned to this phrase in what follows.]) b4: Applied to hair, i. q. ↓ مُسْتَرْسِلٌ; (S, K; in the CK مُرْسَل;) which means Lank; not crisp: (Mgh, Msb: [and so accord. to an explanation of استرسل in the S and K:]) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) b5: And رَسْلَةٌ, (M,) or رَسْلَةُ القَوائِمِ, [of which see an explanation in what precedes,] (L, TA,) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, applied to a she-camel, (M, L, TA,) Having much hair, (M,) or much and long hair, (L, TA,) upon her shanks, or hind legs (فِى سَاقِيْهَا): (M, L, TA:) but in the K, رَسْلَةٌ and ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [not مِرْسَالٌ] are explained as epithets applied to a woman, meaning having much and long hair upon her shanks. (TA.) b6: Also sing. of ↓ رِسَالٌ, (TA,) which signifies The legs of a camel: (Az, S, K, TA:) so called because of their length. (Az, TA.) A2: See also مُرَاسِلٌ.

A3: And see the paragraph here next following.

رِسْلٌ Gentleness; and a deliberate, or leisurely, manner of acting or behaving; as also ↓ رِسْلَةٌ; (M, K;) [and perhaps ↓ رَسْلٌ and ↓ رَسْلَةٌ; for] one says اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا عَلَى رِسْلِكَ (S, Mgh, * Msb, * CK * [but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the copies used by SM]) and رَسْلِكَ and رَسْلَتِكَ, (CK, [but likewise wanting in MS. copies of the K,]) i. e. [Do thou such and such things] at thine ease; (Msb;) or act thou gently, deliberately, or leisurely, (S, Mgh, K, *) in doing such and such things; like as one says, عَلَى هِينَتِكَ. (S.) Sakhr-el-Ghei says, when despairing of his companions' overtaking him, his enemies surrounding him, and he feeling sure of slaughter, (M,) لَوْ أَنَّ حَوْلِى مِنْ قُرَيْمٍ رَجْلَا بِيضَ الوَجُوهِ يَحْمِلُونَ النَّبْلَا

لَمَنَعُونِى نَجْدَةً أَوْ رِسْلَا (Skr, M, *) i. e. [If there were around me, of the family of Kureym, men on foot, fair in the faces (app. meant tropically), bearing arrows, they would defend me] by violent means or by gentle means: (Skr:) or with fighting or without fighting. (M.) [See also a phrase cited from a trad. in what follows of this paragraph.] One says also, ↓ جَاؤُوا رِسْلَةً رِسْلَةً They came company by company. (M.) b2: And A soft, gentle, saying or speech. (TA.) A2: Also Milk, (S, M, K,) of whatever sort it be: (M, K:) or, accord. to the Towsheeh, fresh milk. (TA.) One says, كَثُرَ الرِّسْلُ العَامَ, meaning Milk has become abundant this year: and the people of the desert assert that, when this is the case, dates are few; and that, when dates are abundant, milk is scarce. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad. [respecting the giving of the poor-rate], إِلَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى فِى نَجْدَتِهَا وَرِسْلِهَا, (S, TA,) which is explained in two different ways: (TA:) [J says that] it is from رِسْلٌ in the sense first explained above; meaning straitness and plenty; i. e. Except him who gives when they are fat and goodly, when it is difficult, or hard, to their owner to give them forth, and when they are lean, [or] in a middling condition: (S:) and A'Obeyd says the like; and that it is similar to the saying, قَالَ فُلَانٌ كَذَا عَمَّا رِسْلِهِ, meaning Such a one said such a thing holding it (the saying) in light estimation: others say that it is from رِسْلٌ signifying “ milk; ” which A'Obeyd disallows: IAth says that what is meant by نجدة is straitness and drought or barrenness or dearth; and by رسل, plenty, and abundance of herbage or the like; because رسل, i. e. milk, is plentiful only in the case of abundance of herbage; so that the meaning is, except him who gives forth the due of God in the case of straitness and in that of plenty. (TA.) A3: The رِسْلَانِ of a horse are The extremities of the عَضُدَانِ [or two arms]. (M, K. *) رَسَلٌ Camels: (M, K:) thus expl. by A'Obeyd, without any epithet: (M:) or a drove, or herd, or a distinct collection or number, of camels, (S, M, * Msb, K,) and of sheep or goats, (S, K,) accord. to ISk from ten to twenty-five, (TA,) or the رَسَل of the watering-trough is at least ten, and extending to twenty-five; and the word is masc. and fem.; (M;) and also (assumed tropical:) of horses or horsemen; (S;) applied to (tropical:) a company of men (Mgh, Msb) as being likened to a drove, or herd, of camels: (Msb:) and also a distinct collection or number of any things: (M, K:) pl. أَرْسَالٌ. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) A rájiz says, يَا ذَائِدَيْهَا خَوِّصَا بِأَرْسَالْ وَلَا تَذُودَاهَا ذِيَادَ الضُّلَّالْ

[O ye two drivers of them, water some before others, by droves, and drive them not with the driving of those who err from the right way]: (S, TA:) i. e. bring near your camels some after some, and do not let them crowd upon the water-ing-trough. (TA.) And one says, جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا The camels came [in a drove, or] following one another. (IAmb, TA.) And جَآءَتِ الخَيْلُ أَرْسَالًا, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The horses, or horsemen, came] in successive distinct companies. (S, TA.) And جَاءُوا أَرْسَالًا (tropical:) They (men) came in successive companies. (Msb. [And the like is said in the Mgh and in the TA.]) وَقِيرٌ كَثِيرُ الرَّسَلِ قَلِيلُ الرِّسْلِ, occurring in a trad. relating to a drought, is said by IKt to mean [A collection of sheep or goats] of which many were sent to the pasture, i. e. many in number, but having little milk but the more probable explanation of كثير الرسل is that of El-'Odhree, who says that it means much dispersed in search of pasture: for the trad. relates that the camels had died, notwithstanding their ability to endure drought: how then should the sheep or goats be safe, and increase so as to become numerous? (IAth, TA.) b2: Also Animals, or beasts, having milk. (M, TA.) رُسُلٌ A young girl, that has not worn the [muffler, or veil, called] خَمَار. (K.) A2: Also a pl. of رَسُولٌ. (S, M, &c.) رَسْلَةٌ A soft, or delicate condition of life: you say, هُمْ فِى رَسْلَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ They are in a soft, or delicate, condition of life. (M.) b2: and Heaviness, sluggishness, laziness, or indolence: (M, K:) you say رَجُلٌ فِيهِ رَسْلَةٌ A man in whom is heaviness, &c. (M.) b3: See also رِسْلٌ, first sentence.

رِسْلَةٌ: see رِسْلٌ, in two places.

رِسَالٌ: see رَسْلٌ (of which it is the pl.), near the end of the paragraph: A2: and see also مُرَاسِلٌ.

رَسُولٌ i. q. رِسَالَةٌ: (S, M, K:) see the latter, in five places. b2: Hence, as meaning ذُو رَسُولٍ, i. e. ذُو رِسَالَةٍ [One who has a message; i. e. a messenger]; (TA;) i. q. ↓ مُرْسَلٌ, (S, M, K,) meaning one sent with a message; (S;) of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [or rather مُفْعَلٌ]: (Msb:) [and often meaning an apostle of God; and with the article ال especially applied to Mohammad:] accord. to IAmb, its meaning in the proper language of the Arabs is one who carries on by consecutive progressions the relation of the tidings of him who has sent him; taken from the phrase جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا, meaning “ The camels came following one another: ” and the saying of the Muëdhdhin, أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللّٰه means I know [or acknowledge] and declare that Mohammad is the relater by consecutive progressions of the tidings from God: (TA:) [or, as commonly understood, I testify that Mohammad is the apostle of God:] a رَسُول is also called ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, as being likened to the arrow thus termed: (TA:) the pl. of رَسُولٌ is رُسُلٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and رُسْلٌ (S, Msb) and رُسَلَآءٌ, (M, K,) which last is from IAar, (M,) or Fr, (Sgh,) and أَرْسُلٌ, (M, K,) which [is a pl. of pauc., and] occurs in the saying of the Hudhalee, لَوْكَانَ فِى قَلْبِى كَقَدْرِ قُلَامَةٍ

حُبًا لِغَيْرِكِ قَدْ أَتَاهَا أَرْسُلِى

[Had there been in my heart as much as a nailparing of love for another than thee, my messengers (or, accord. to the TA, app., my messages) had come to her]: respecting which IJ says that he has given to رَسُولٌ this form of pl., which is [regularly] proper to feminines [of this class of words, consisting of four letter whereof the third is a letter of prolongation], such as أَتَانٌ and عَنَاقٌ and عُقَابٌ, because women are meant thereby, as they, generally, are the persons required to serve in cases of this kind: (M:) [for] رَسُولٌ is applied without variation to a male and a female, and to one [and to two] and to a pl. number; (S, M, Msb, K;) sometimes: (M:) i. e., it is allowable thus to apply it: (Msb:) hence, (S, K,) in the Kur [xxvi. 15], (S,) إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ [Verily we are the apostles of the Lord of the beings of the whole world]: (S, K:) MF says, in ch. xx. [verse 49], we find إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ [Verily we are the two apostles of thy Lord]; the dual form being here used: and Z says, in the Ksh, that in this instance it means the messengers, and therefore the dual form is necessarily used; but in ch. xxvi. it means the message, and therefore it is allowable to use it alike, when applying it as an epithet, as sing. and dual and pl.: Aboo-Is-hak the Grammarian says that the meaning here is, إِنَّا رِسَالَةٌ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ, i. e. ذَوُو رِسالَةِ [Verily we are those that have the message &c.]: (TA:) [but] رَسُولٌ [as meaning a messenger] is like عَدُوٌّ and صَديقٌ [&c.] in its being used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. [and dual] and pl.: (Sgh, TA:) Aboo-Dhu-eyb uses it in the sense of رُسُل in his saying, أَلِكْنِى إِلَيْهَا وَخَيْرُ الرَّسُو لِ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِنَوَاحِى الخَبَرْ [Be thou my messenger to her: and the best of messengers is the most knowing of them in respect of the bounds, or limits, of the tidings]. (M.) See 4. The saying in the Kur [xxv. 39], وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَمَّ كَذَّبُوا الرُّسُلَ أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ [lit. And the people of Noah, when they charged with lying the apostles, we drowned them], Zj says, may mean that they charged with lying Noah alone; for he who charges with lying a prophet charges therewith all the prophets, since they believe in God and in all his apostles; or the general term may be here used as meaning one; like as when you say, أَنْتَ مِمَّنْ يُنْفِقُ الدَّرَاهِمَ, meaning “ Thou art of those who expend the kind of things termed دراهم. ” (M.) b3: One says also, السِّهَامُ رُسُلُ المَنَايَا (tropical:) [Arrows are the messengers of death, or of the decrees of death]. (TA.) b4: See also the next paragraph.

رَسِيلٌ Easy: occurring in the saying of Jubeyhà El-Asadee, وَقُمْتُ رَسِيلًا بِالَّذِى جَآءَ يَبْتَغِى

إِلَيْهِ بَلِيجَ الوَجْهِ لَسْتُ بِبَاسِرِ [And I undertook, or managed, with ease, that which he came seeking to obtain; bright in countenance to him: I was not frowning]. (TA.) A2: Also A stallion-camel (K, * TA) of the Arabian race, that is sent among the شَوْل [or she-camels that have passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth] in order that he may leap them: one says, هٰذَا رَسِيلُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

This is the stallion of the camels of the sons of such a one: and أَرْسَلَ بَنُو فُلَانٍ رَسِيلَهُمْ [The sons of such a one sent the stallion of their camels]: as though it were of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعَلٌ, from أَرْسَلَ. (TA.) b2: and accord. to some, A horse that is started with another in a race. (Har p. 544.) b3: [In the CK and in a MS. copy of the K, voce عَمُودٌ, it occurs as though meaning The scout, or emissary, or perhaps the advanced guard, of an army: but in other copies of the K, in this instance, accord. to the TA, and in the L, the word is رَئِيس.] b4: I. q. ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [as meaning one who interchanges messages or letters with another: see 3]. (S, K.) b5: The person who stands with thee (المُوَاقِفُ لَكَ [in the K (in which this explanation is erroneously assigned to ↓ رَسُولٌ) المُوَافِقُ لَكَ in a competition in shooting and the like: (M:) [i. e.] رَسِيلُ الرَّجُلِ signifies he who stands with the man, (يَقِفُ مَعَهُ, Har p. 544,) or he who acts interchangeably, or alternates, with the man, (يُرَاسِلُهُ, S,) in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance. (S and Har.) And, as also ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ, One who relieves, or aids, another, in singing and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the other is unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the other is unable to continue it; or one who so relieves, or aids, another in singing with a high voice; i. q. مُتَالٍ: or one who aids another, [or relieves him, by alternating with him,] or who follows him, or imitates him, in his work. (IAar, Msb.) One says, هُوَ رَسِيلُهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ وَنَحْوِهِ [He is the person who relieves him, or aids him, by alternating with him, in singing and the like thereof]. (TA.) b6: See also رِسَالَةٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Wide, or ample. (K.) b2: A thing little in quantity, or incomplete: الشَّىْءُ اللَّطِيفُ in the copies of the K should be الشَّىْءُ الطَّفِيفُ, as in the Moheet (TA.) b3: and Sweet water. (K.) رَسَالَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

رِسَالَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسَالَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ رَسُولٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسِيلٌ (Th, M, K) signify the same, (S, M, Msb, K,) A message; and a letter; (MA in explanation of the first, and KL in explanation of the first and third;) [a communication sent from one person or party to another, oral or written;] substs. from أَرْسَلَ

إِلَيْهِ: (M, K: *) the pl. of the first is رَسَائِلُ; (Msb;) and أَرْسُلٌ is pl. of ↓ رَسُولٌ in the sense of رِسَالَةٌ, and of the fem. gender. (TA. [See the former of the two verses cited voce رَسُولٌ.]) Yousay, أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ: (S:) and أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ

↓ رَسُولًا: (MA:) see 4. A poet says, (S,) namely El-Ash'ar El-Joafee, (TA,) ↓ أَلَا أَبْلغْ أَبَا عَمْرٍو رَسُولًا بِأَنِّى عَنْ فُتَاحَتِكُمْ غَنِىُّ [Now deliver thou to Aboo-' Amr a message, saying that I am in no need of your judging]: (S:) or بَنِى عَمْرٍو [the sons of ' Amr]: he means, عَنْ حُكْمكُمْ. (TA.) And hence the saying of Kutheiyir, لَقَدْ كَذَبَ الوَاشُونَ مَا بُحْتُ عِنْدَهُمْ

↓ بِسِرٍّ وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسُولِ [Assuredly the slanderers have lied: I revealed not in their presence a secret, nor did I send them with a message]: (S, TA:) or, as some relate the second hemistich, (TA,) ↓ بِلَيْلَى وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسِيلِ [i. e. I revealed not the case of Leyla, nor did I send them with a message]: thus cited by Th. (M, TA.) b2: رِسَالَةٌ also signifies [A tract, or small treatise or discourse;] a مَجَلَّة [i. e. book, or writing, relating to science, or on any subject.] comprising a few questions, inquiries, or problems, of one kind: pl. رَسَائِلُ. (TA.) b3: And Apostleship; the apostolic office or function. (MA.) b4: أُمُّ رِسَالَةَ [in a copy of the K أُمُّ رِسَالَةٍ] The رَخَمَة [or female of the vultur percnopterus, in the CK رَحْمَة]: (M, K, TA:) a surname thereof. (TA.) الرُّسَيْلَى A certain small beast or reptile or insect; expl. by the word دُوَيْبَّةٌ: (M, K, TA:) in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, الرُّسَيْلَآءُ. (TA.) رُسَيْلَاتٌ dim. of رسلات [i. e. رِسَلَاتٌ] pl. of رِسْلٌ [or rather of its syn. رِسْلَةٌ]: hence the saying, (TA,) أَلْقَى الكَلَامَ عَلَى رُسَيْلَاتِهِ, i. e. He held the saying, or speech, in light, or little, or mean, estimation; or in contempt. (M, K, TA.) الرَّاسِلَانِ The two shoulder-blades: or two veins therein: (M, K:) he who says that they are two veins in the two hands, (K,) pointing to what is found in the copies of the Mj of IF, [in which فِى الكَفَّيْنِ is put in the place of فى الكَتِفِيْنِ,] (TA,) is in error: (K:) or the وَابِلَتَانِ [q. v., a word variously explained]: (M, TA:) in the copies of the K, الرَّابِلَتَانِ is erroneously put for الوَابِلَتَانِ. (TA.) مُرْسَلٌ: see رَسُولٌ, second sentence. b2: Applied to a tradition (حَدِيثٌ), it means (assumed tropical:) Of which the ascription is not traced up so as to reach to its author: (Msb:) [i.e.] الأَحَادِيثُ المُرْسَلَةُ means the traditions which one relates as on the authority of a تَابِعِىّ, (K TA,) by tracing up the ascription thereof uninterruptedly to him, (TA,) when the تابعىّ says, “The Apostle of God (May God bless and save him) said,” without mentioning a صَحَابِىّ (K, TA) who heard it from the Apostle of God: (TA: [and the like is said in the Mgh:]) مَرَاسِيلُ is the [pl. or] quasi-pl. n. of مُرْسَلٌ thus used, [or rather used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like as مَنَاكِيرُ is of مُنْكَرٌ. (Mgh.) b3: In lexicology, it means, like مُنْقَطِعٌ, (assumed tropical:) That of which the series of transmitters is interrupted: as a word &c. handed down by IDrd as on the authority of Az [with whom he was not contemporary, without his mentioning the intermediate transmitters]: and such is not admitted [as unquestionable]; because exactness is a condition of the admission of what is transmitted, and the exactness of him who is not mentioned is not known. (Mz 4th نوع.) b4: مَجَازٌ مُرْسَلٌ: see art. جوز. b5: [See also the next paragraph.]

مُرْسَلَةٌ A قِلَادَة [or necklace], (M,) or a long قلادة, (IDrd, O, K,) that falls upon the bosom: (IDrd, M, O, K:) or a قلادة upon which are beads &c. (Yz, O, K.) b2: As used in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], (M,) المُرْسَلَاتُ means The winds (S, M, K, TA) that are sent forth, [by عُرْفًا, which follows it, being meant consecutively,] like [the several portions of] the mane of the horse: (TA:) or the angels [so sent forth]: (Th, S, M, K, TA:) or the horses (M, K, TA) that are started, [one following another,] in the racecourse. (TA.) مِرْسَالٌ One who sends the morsel [that he eats] into his fauces: or who throws forth the branch from his hand, (O, K,) when he goes in a place of trees, (O,) in order that he may hurt his companion. (O, K.) b2: A short arrow: (S, O:) or a small arrow. (K.) b3: See also رَسْلٌ, in three places. b4: And see رَسُولٌ.

مُرَاسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: See also رَسِيلٌ, in two places. b2: Also A woman who interchanges messages, or letters, with the men who demand women in marriage: or whose husband has become separated from her (M, K, TA) in any manner, (M, TA,) by his having died or his having divorced her: (TA:) or who has become advanced in age, (M, K, TA,) but has in her some remains of youth: (M, TA:) or whose husband has died, or who has perceived that he desires to divorce her, and who therefore adorns herself for another man, and interchanges messages, or letters, with him (S, K, * TA) by means of the men who demand women in marriage, (TA,) and who has in her some remains (K, TA) of youth; but this addition is more properly mentioned in a former explanation. (TA.) The subst. [app. meaning The state, or condition, of a woman such as is thus termed] is ↓ رِسَالٌ. (M, TA.) مُسْتَرْسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: مُسْتَرْسِلٌ لِلْمَوْتِ i. q. مُسْتَميتٌ and مُسْتَقْتلٌ [i. e. Seeking, or courting, death or slaughter; resigning, or subjecting, himself to death, and not caring for death]. (A and TA in art. موت.)

رسل: رَسَّل (بالتشديد): ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة spistola وهي تعني كتب رسائل رسمية بكلام مرسل من غير سجع أو بقليل من السجع حسب التعريف الذي نجده في المقدمة (3: 324). غير أنها تعني أيضاً: كتب رسائل رسمية بكلام مسجوع، انظر (عباد 1: 6 رقم 23، معجم البيان، حيان ص35 ق، تاريخ البربر 1: 429، 445، 540)، ومن هذا: الترسيل وهو ملكة كتابة هذه الرسائل (تاريخ البربر 1: 420). أرسل: بعث، يبحث. ويقال: أرسل عن فلان (انظر رسالة إلى فليشر ص38 حول استعمال أرسل عن). وفي حيّان - بسام (1: 10و): وكان قد بادَرَ في الإرسال عن جماعة من وزرائه (ص30 ق).
وأرسل الصائد: أثار الحيوانات المتوحشة التي لونها الشقرة أو الصحرة كالظباء والأيائل والأسود من مكمنها (معجم الطرائف).
تَرسَّل: تبادل الرُسُل، تبادل السفراء (المقري 1: 511).
تَرسَّل: تدل على نفس معنى رَسَّل الذي ذكرته من قبل (فوك، عباد 1: 7 رقم 23، الفخري ص388، ميرسخ ص6)، وفي النويري (أفريقية ص30 و): تعلَّم الخطَّ والترسَّل.
تراسل القوم: أرسل بعضهم إلى بعض رسائل (بوشر، فوك في مادة epistola) .
استرسل، مسترسلاً: متهاوناً، متغافلاً (المقري 2: 417).
استرسل: انهمك، انبسط. ففي المقري (2: 800): قد استرسل في اللَّذات وركن إلى الراحات، وانظر (2: 832). وفي المقدمة (2: 260): الانهماك في الشهوات واسترسال فيها. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص18 ق): يسترسل في إطلاق عنان النادرة الحارَّة في مجالس حُكْمِه.
استرسل على وفي: ثابر على، استمر في، تمادى في، واظب على (فوك).
استرسل: أصيب بالزحار، تزحّر. ففي معجم المنصوري: خراطة هو ما ينجرد من المِعَي عند الاسترسال.
رَسْب ورُسْل ورُسُل (فوك) تجمع على أَرْسال ورُسُول: رَسُول، سفير (رسالة إلى السيد فلايشر ص73 - 74).
رَسْلَة: رويداً رويداً، بتأنٍّ (فوك).
رَسُول: حواري، مبشر (بوشر).
َسُول: ضابط مكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء. ويوجد أيضاً ضباط تابعون له ملحقون بالمدرسة (مملوك 2، 1: 270).
رسول محكمة: مُرْسل المحكمة (ضابط) (بوشر).
رَسِيل: زميل، رفيق (بيان 2: 270).
رِسالة: هدية ترسل إلى شخص. ففي رياض النفوس (ص57 ق): أتبيعني هاتين السمكتين؟ لا حتى ولو دفعت فيهما ديناراً لأنهما معي رسالة، لمن؟ لأبي هارون الأندلسي.
وتستعمل كلمة رسول بمعنى الضابط المكلف بتنفيذ أحكام القضاء، ففي حكاية باسم الحداد (ص68): فقال القاضي صنعتك حدَّاد ومن أين لك الرسالة، فقال له: من أمس عبرت للرسالة.
رَسِيلة: خادمة؟ أمة؟ (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 376).
رَسُولي: نسبة إلى رسول بمعنى حواري (بوشر).
رَسُولِيَّة: رسالة، مهمة رسول أو حواري (بوشر). حمام رَسَائلي: حمام زاجل، حمام يقول بحمل الرسائل (مملوك 2، 2: 116).
رُسَّال، وتجمع على رَساسيل: هي في إسبانيا غديدة في طرف الجفن، بثرة صغيرة تتكون على طرف الجفن، شحاذ العين، جلجل (ألكالا)، وقد ترجمها إلى اللاتينية ب nuça وجمعها racicil غير أن الصواب ruçal وهي تحريف الكلمة الإسبانية orzuclo.
إِرْسالِيَّة: إرسال، بعث، رسالة (بوشر).
مُرْسَل، الكلام المرسل: نثر حر لا يتقيد بسجع (المقدمة 3: 322، ابن جبير ص2، المقري 3: 436، دي سلان المقدمة 1 ص38).
والحائط المرسل في صناعة البناء: هو الحائط الطويل المنفرد بنفسه كحائط السور ونحوه (محيط المحيط).
مَرْسل، ويجمع على مَراسيل: رسائل، ففي ترجمة ابن خلدون بقلمه (ص211 ق): إنشاء مخاطباته ومراسله.
مرسل عِوَض، في مصطلح التجارة: مسترد، ما يرسل عوضاً عن غيره من البيع (بوشر).
مُرْسَلَة: بيع بالجملة، بيع صُبرة (معجم الإدريسي).
مِرْسال: رسول، ساعٍ، مُرسل، وكيل، مبعوث (بوشر، محيط المحيط، ألف ليلة 4: 631). وفي معجم بوشر: والمرسال خالص الأجرة أي والعمولة مدفوعة.
مَرْسُول: رسول، مُرسل، سفير (ألكالا).
مَرْسُول: رَسُول، حواريّ (تقويم قرطبة ص66).
مُراسلة: يقال على ما لا يقع دفعة واحدة بل شيئاً بعد شيء (محيط المحيط).

صغر

1 صَغُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K;) and صَغِرَ, aor. ـَ (K;) inf. n. صِغَرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of the former, (S, Msb, TA,) and صَغَارَةٌ, (K,) also of the former, (TA,) and صَغَرٌ and صُغْرَانٌ, (IAar, K,) which are both of the latter; (TA; [but Ibr D thinks that there is no reason for this assertion with respect to صغران;]) [He or] it (S, Msb) was, or became, small, or little; صِغَرٌ being the contr. of كِبَرٌ, (S,) or of عِظَمٌ, as also صَغَارَةٌ [&c.]: (M, K:) or صِغَرٌ is in body, or corporeal substance, (فِى الجِرْمِ,) [and in years, or age; and صَغُرَ, with this inf. n., said of a human being, signifies he was a child, or in the state of childhood, not having attained to puberty;] and صَغَارَةٌ is in estimation or rank or dignity (فِى القَدْرِ). (M, K.) b2: Also صَغُرَ, inf. n. صِغَرٌ and صَغَارٌ and صَغَارَةٌ and صُغْرَانٌ and صُغْرٌ (K) and صَغَرٌ, (TA,) He was content with vileness, baseness, abasement, or ignominy, (K,) and tyranny, or injury: (TA:) or صَغَرٌ is inf. n. of صَغِرَ, aor. ـَ signifying he was, or became, vile, base, or ignominious; (S, * Msb;) and so صُغْرٌ and صَغَارٌ: (Mgh:) or صَغَارٌ signifies the being small, or little, in estimation or rank or dignity: (TA:) and you say, صَغُرَ فِى عُيُونِ النَّاسِ, with damm, meaning, [he became small, or little, in the eyes of men; i. e.,] he lost his reverence, or reverend dignity. (Msb.) [See also 6.] One says also, هُوَ يَصْغُرُ عَنْ كَذَا He, or it, is smaller than, or too small for, such a thing; syn. يَقِلُّ. (TA in art. قل.) And صَغُرَتْ عَنِ الوَلَدِ [She was too young to bear offspring]. (S in art. جل, &c.) b3: مَا صَغَرَنِى إِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ, aor. ـُ means مَا صَغُرَ عَنِّى

[i. e. He was not younger than I, save by a year]. (IAar, K.) b4: And صَغُرَتِ الشَّمْسُ The sun inclined to setting. (Th, K.) 2 صغّرهُ, (inf. n. تَصْغِيرٌ, TA,) He made him, or it, small, or little; as also ↓ اصفرهُ. (S, K.) You say, القِرْبَةَ ↓ اصغر He sewed the water-skin [so as to make it] small. (S, K.) b2: صغّرهُ فِى عُيُونِ النَّاسِ He, or it, rendered him [small, or little, i. e.,] contemptible, vile, base, or ignominious, [in the eyes of men:] (A:) and [in like manner] he, or it, rendered him vile, base, or ignominious, (TA,) or content with vileness, baseness, abasement, or ignominy. (K.) b3: صَغَّرْتُ شَأْنَهُ (TA in art. غمز) and مِنْ شَأْنِهِ (S and TA in the same art.) [I lessened his rank, or dignity]. b4: صغّر الاِسْمَ, inf. n. تَصْغِيرٌ, He changed the noun into the diminutive form. (Msb.) This is done for several purposes: to denote the smallness of the thing signified, in itself; as in the instance of دُوَبْرَةٌ [“ a small, or little, house ”]: to denote its smallness in the eye of the speaker, when it is not small in itself; as in the saying ذَهَبَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ إِلَّا دُرَيْهِمًا [“ the dirhems went, except a small dirhem ”]: to denote nearness; as in the instance of قُبَيْلَ الصُّبْحِ [“ a little before daybreak ”]: to denote affection and benevolence; as in the expression يَا بُنَىَّ [“ O my little (meaning dear) son ”]: to denote the greatness of the thing signified; as in the phrase سُنَيَّةٌ حَمْرَآءُ [“ a very severe year ”]: to denote praise; as when a man is described as كُنَيْفٌ مُلِئَ عِلْمًا [“ a little pastor's-bag filled with knowledge ”]: to denote blame; as in the expression يَا فُوَيْسِقُ [“ O thou little transgressor ”]. (L, TA.) [The inf. n., تَصْغِيرٌ, is also applied to A diminutive noun itself; as also اِسْمٌ مُصَغَّرٌ.] b5: See also 10.4 أَصْغَرَ see 2, in two places.

A2: اصغرت الأَرْضُ The land produced small plants or herbage, (K,) not tall. (TA.) b2: اِرْتَبَعُوا لِيُصْغِرُوا [They remained in the spring-pasture] in order that they might rear the younger ones: (O, K: expl. in the former by لِيُوَلِّد الأَصَاغِرَ [correctly لِيُوَلِّدُوا]: in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, by لِيُولِدُوا الأَصَاغِرَ [which is a manifest mistake].) b3: أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ (tropical:) The she-camel uttered her yearning cry to, or for, her young one, in a low tone, and loudly. (A.) 6 تصاغر He became small; he shrank, or became contracted; (O * and TA in art. ضأل;) by reason of abasement, (TA ibid.,) or from fear. (Ham p. 658.) b2: He became vile, base, ignominious, abject, or contemptible; (K, * TA;) came to nought. (TA.) And تصاغرت إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ He (lit. his soul or his own self) became of little importance, by being vile, base, or ignominious, to himself, or in his own estimation; (A, Msb;) he became vile, base, ignominious, abject, or contemptible, to himself, or in his own estimation. (S, * K, * TA.) b3: And [He affected, or feigned, abjectness; contr. of تَكَابَرَ: or] he exhibited abjectness. (KL.) 10 استصغرهُ He counted, accounted, reckoned, or esteemed, him, or it, small, or little: or vile, base, or ignominious: syn. عَدَّهُ صَغِيرًا: (S, K:) or young: as also ↓ صَغَّرَهُ. (TA.) صُغْرٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ صَغَارٌ, with fet-h, (S, [and so in the Kur vi. 124,]) or ↓ صُغَارٌ, with damm, (Msb, [but perhaps there is an omission in my copy of the Msb after this word,]) and ↓ صَغَرٌ, (S,) Vileness, baseness, abasement, or ignominiousness: (S, Msb:) so the second word signifies in the Kur vi. 124: (TA:) and tyranny, or oppression, or injury. (S.) One says, قُمْ عَلَى

صُغْرِكَ, and ↓ صَغَرِكَ, [Rise thou, notwithstanding thy vileness, or ignominiousness]. (S.) [See also 1, of which it is an inf. n.]

صَغَرٌ: see صُغْرٌ, in two places. [And see 1, of which it is an inf. n.]

فُلَانٌ صِغْرَتُهُمْ Such a one is the least, or youngest, of them: (K, * TA:) and فُلَانٌ صِغْرَةُ أَبَوَيْهِ, and صِغْرَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ, Such a one is the least, or youngest, of the children of his parents: opposed to كِبْرَة. (TA.) And أَنَا مِنَ الصِّغْرَةِ I am of the little-ones, or of the young: (K:) said by an Arab child when he is forbidden to play. (TA.) صُغْرَانٌ: see صَغِيرٌ.

صَغَارٌ: see صُغْرٌ.

صُغَارٌ: see صَغِيرٌ: b2: and صُغْرٌ.

صَغِيرٌ Small, or little; (S, K;) [in body, or corporeal substance: and in estimation or rank or dignity; as is implied in the K: and in years, or age; a youngling; a young one of any female; and of a tree and the like: applied to a human being, a child; i. e., one who has not attained to puberty: opposed to كَبِيرٌ:] as also ↓ صُغَارٌ (S, K) and ↓ صُغْرَانٌ (K) and ↓ أَصْغَرُ: (Msb in art. كبر:) fem. with ة: (Msb:) pl. masc. صِغَارٌ and صُغَرَآءُ, (a form used in poetry, S,) and ↓ مَصْغُوَرآءُ, (S, K,) or the last is [correctly speaking] a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) and pl. fem. صِغَارٌ, but not صَغَائِرُ when used as an epithet: (Msb:) the dim. of صَغِيرٌ is ↓ صُغَيِّرٌ and ↓ صُغَيِّيرٌ, (Sb, K,) the latter anomalous. (TA.) You say, هُوَ صَغِيرٌ فِى القَدْرِ; and فِى العِلْمِ; [He is small, or little, in rank, or dignity; as also صَغِيرُ الشَّأْنِ; and in knowledge.] (A.) And جَآءَ النَّاسُ صَغِيرُهُمْ وَكَبِيرُهُمْ The people came: [the small in rank or dignity, of them, and the great therein, of them: or] those of no rank or dignity, and those of rank or dignity. (Msb.) [See also صَاغِرٌ.]

صَغِيرَةٌ, [a subst. from صَغِيرٌ, made such by the affix ة,] applied to a sin, [signifying A small or little, sin,] has for its pl. صَغِيرَاتٌ and [more commonly] صَغَائِرُ; being, when thus applied, a subst. (Msb.) [See مُحَقَّرَاتٌ.]

صُغَيِّرٌ and صُغَيِّيرٌ dims. of صَغِيرٌ, q. v.

صَاغِرٌ In a state of vileness, abasement, ignominiousness, abjectness or contempt: (Msb:) or content with vileness, abasement, or ignominy, (K,) and tyranny, or injury. (S, A, TA.) [See also صَغِيرٌ.]

أَصْغَرُ [Smaller, or less; and smallest, or least; in body, or corporeal substance; and in estimation or rank or dignity; and in years, or age]: (S, Msb, K:) fem. صُغْرَى: (S, Msb:) pl. masc. أَصَاغِرُ (Sb, S, K) and أَصَاغِرَةٌ, (M, K,) though the sing. is not of the nouns which regularly add ة to the pl., and it is added in this case because the sing. resembles in form قَشْعَمٌ, of which قَشَاعِمَةٌ is a pl., (ISd,) and أَصْغَرُونَ: (Sb, S:) and pl. fem. صُغَرٌ (Sb, S, Msb) and صُغْرَيَاتٌ: (Msb:) but Sb says, you do not say نِسْوَةٌ صُغَرٌ, nor قَوْمٌ أَصَاغِرُ, except with the article ال: and he adds, we have heard the Arabs says, الأَصَاغِرُ [perhaps miswritten for الأَصَاغِرَةُ]; and if you please, you may say الأَصْغَرُونَ. (S.) b2: الأَصْغَرَانِ [lit. The two less, or least, things,] means (assumed tropical:) the heart and the tongue. (K.) It is said in a prov., المَرْءُ بِأَصْغَرَيْهِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) The man obtains power over things, and manages them thoroughly, by means of his heart and his tongue. (ISk, TA. [See Har p. 446.]) b3: See also صَغِيرٌ.

أَرْضٌ مُصْغِرَةٌ Land having small plants or herbage, not grown tall. (ISk, S, K. *) مُصَغَّرَةٌ: see مَصْفُورٌ, in art. صفر.

مَصْغُورَةٌ: see مَصْفُورٌ, in art. صفر.

مَصْغُورَآءُ: see صَغِيرٌ.

زهو

1 زَهَا, said of seed-produce, It increased, or augmented; received increase and blessing from God; or throve by the blessing of God: (JK, TA:) [or,] said of herbage, aor. ـْ inf. n. زَهْوٌ, it attained its full growth: (Msb:) or it put forth its fruit: or it became tall: (TA:) and, said of palm-trees, (نَخْلٌ, S, Msb, K, TA,) and likewise of plants, (TA,) aor. as above, (Msb, TA,) and so the inf. n., (S, Msb, TA,) they became tall; (K, TA;) became tall and fullgrown; or became of their full height, and blossomed; (TA;) and ↓ ازهى signifies the same: (K:) or both signify they (i. e. palm-trees) showed redness, and yellowness, in their fruit; (S, Msb;) the latter verb mentioned by Az, but [it is said that] As did not know it: (S: [see, however, what follows:]) or, as some say, the former signifies they put forth their fruit; and ↓ the latter, as expl. next before: (Msb:) accord. to Abu-lKhattáb and Lth, one says of palm-trees (نَخْل) only يُزْهِى; not يَزْهُو: and As [is related to have] said, [contr. to what has been asserted of him above,] that when redness appears in [the fruit of] palm-trees, one says ازهى. (TA.) And زَهَا التَّمْرُ, (JK,) or البُسْرُ; and ↓ ازهى; (Mgh, K;) and ↓ زهّى, (K,) inf. n. تَزْهِيَةٌ; (TA;) [The dates, or dates beginning to ripen,] showed their goodness by redness, and yellowness: (JK:) became red, and yellow: (Mgh:) became coloured. (K.) Hence the trad., نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ ثَمَرِ النَّخْلِ حَتَّى يَزْهُوَ, or ↓ يُزْهِىَ, [He forbade the selling of the fruit of the palm-trees until its becoming red or yellow], thus differently related. (Mgh.) b2: You say also, زَهَا الغُلَامُ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) The boy grew up; or attained to youthful vigour, or the prime of manhood. (K.) b3: And زَهَتِ الشَّاةُ, (JK, S, K,) aor. as above, (S,) and so the inf. n., (JK, S,) The ewe, or she-goat, became large in her udder: (JK:) or secreted milk in her udder, and was near to bringing forth. (Az, S, K. *) b4: And زَهَتِ الرِّيحُ The wind rose, blew, or became in a state of commotion. (S.) b5: and زَهَتِ الإِبِلُ, (JK, S, M, K,) aor. as above, (JK, M,) and so the inf. n., (S, M,) The camels journeyed, after coming to water, (JK, S, M, K,) a night or more, (JK, S, M,) so says A'Obeyd, (S,) or a night or two nights. (K.) And The camels passed along, (مَرَّت,) so in the copies of the K, but correctly مَدَّت [i. e. made much advance in journeying], as in the M, (TA,) in search of pasturage, after they had drunk, (K, TA,) not pasturing around the water. (TA.) The verb used in relation to camels is also trans., as will be shown below. (S, &c.) A2: زَهْوٌ [as inf. n. of the trans. v. زَهَا, aor. ـْ primarily signifies The act of raising, or elevating: and the act of shaking; or putting in motion, or into a state of commotion: whence زَهَاهُ السَّرَابُ and زَهَتِ الرِّيحُ النَّبَاتَ [both expl. in what follows]. (Har p. 171.) You say, زَهَتِ الأَمْوَاجُ السَّفِينَةَ The waves raised the ship. (TA.) And زَهَا السَّرَابُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـْ The mirage raised, or elevated, [to the eye,] the thing [seen in it or beyond it; or rather, made it to appear tall, and as though quivering, vibrating, or playing up and down; as is perhaps meant to be indicated by the citation above from Har]; syn. رَفَعَهُ; written only [thus] with ا [in the pret. and in the aor. ]: (S:) and السَّرَابُ يَزْهَى القُبُورَ وَالحُمُولَ The mirage is as though it raised the tombs and the women's camel-vehicles; or elevated them; expl. by the words كَأَنَّهُ يَرْفَعُهَا. (TA.) b2: And زَهَا المِرْوَحَةَ, said of a person fanning, He put in motion the fan; or put it into a state of commotion; as also ↓ زَهَّاهَا. (TA.) And زَهَتِ الرِيحُ الشَّجَرَ, (S,) or النَّبَاتَ, (K, * TA,) aor. ـْ (S, TA,) inf. n. زَهْوٌ, (K, TA,) The wind shook, or put in motion or into a state of commotion, (S, K, * TA,) the trees, (S,) or the plants, or herbage, after the dew or rain (غِبَّ النَّدَى). (K, TA.) b3: And زَهَاهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. زَهْوٌ; (K, TA;) and ↓ ازدهاهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. اِزْدِهَآءٌ; (K, TA;) [not ازهاهُ, as in the TK, followed by Freytag;] i. q. اِسْتَخَفَّهُ: (S, K, * TA:) and تَهَاوَنَ بِهِ: (S:) [the former of these two explanations as meaning He, or it, incited him, or excited him, to briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness; or to lightness, levity, or unsteadiness: and the latter of them, or both of them, for the former is often syn. with the latter, as meaning he held him, or it, in little, or light, estimation or account, or in contempt; he contemned, or despised, him, or it: but of this latter meaning I do not remember to have met with any ex.:] and بِهِ ↓ ازدهى signifies the same as ازدهاه (TA) meaning تَهَاوَنَ بِهِ. (JK.) Yousay, زَهَاهُ الشَّىْءُ and ↓ ازدهاهُ, meaning [agreeably with the former of the two explanations in the sentence immediately preceding] اِسْتَخَفَّهُ طَرَبًا: (Har p. 359:) and ↓ يَزْدَهِينِى as meaning [agreeably with the same explanation] يَسْتَفِزُّنِى and يَسْتَخِفُّنِى: (Id. p. 131:) and القَوْمَ ↓ ازدهى as meaning [in like manner] اِسْتَخَفَّهُمْ مِنَ الطَّرَبِ; and also as meaning He pleased the people, or party: (Id. p. 427:) and ↓ اِزْدَهَاهُ also as meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَى الزَّهْوِ [He incited him, or excited him, to pride, or conceit, or the like]: (Id. p. 131:) and زَهَاهُ الكِبْرُ (K) Pride rendered him self-conceited. (TK.) 'Omar Ibn-'Abee-Rabeea says, وَلَمَّا تَقَاوَضْنَا الحَدِيثَ وَأَسْفَرَتْ وُجُوهٌ زَهَاهَا الحُسْنُ أَنْ تَتَقَنَّعَا meaning And when we discoursed together, and faces shone, beauty excited the possessors of them to levity (اِسْتَخَفَّ أَرْبَابَهَا) and prevented their veiling them with the قِنَاع [or head-covering], by reason of self-admiration: or, as some say, the ها in زهاها refers to a woman mentioned before, not to وجوه; and the meaning is, beauty excited her &c.: and thus the women of the Arabs used to do when they were beautiful: or you may consider the complement of لَمَّا as suppressed; as though he said, when we did all that, we behaved with mutual familiarity, or the like; for the complements of لَوْ and لَمَّا and حِينَ may be suppressed, and their vagueness by reason of their suppression is more forcible in respect of the meaning: أَنْ تَتَقَنَّعَا means مِنْ أَنْ تَتَقَنَّعَا; for they often suppress the preposition with أَنْ: (Ham pp. 552-3:) [J gives two readings of this verse, accord to one of my copies of the S: one is with تَنَازَعَا in the place of تَقَاوَضْنَا, and أَشْرَقَتْ in the place of أَسْفَرَتْ; which make no difference in the meaning: but this is omitted in my other copy: the other is as follows:] فَلَمَّا تَوَافَقْنَا سَلَّمْتُ أَقْبَلَتْ وُجُوهٌ زَهَاهَا الحُسْنُ أَنْ تَتَقَنَّعَا [And when we agreed together, and I saluted, faces advanced, which beauty excited &c, or the possessors of which beauty excited &c.]. (S.) And hence their saying, بِخَدِيعَةٍ ↓ فُلَانٌ لَا يُزْدَهَى

[Such a one will not be incited, or excited, to briskness, &c., by means of deceit, or guile]. (S.) And الفَرَحُ ↓ ازدهاهُ, meaning اِسْتَخَفَّهُ [Joy incited him, &c.]. (MA.) [And hence, perhaps, may be derived most of the following significations.]

b4: زَهَا الطَّلُّ النَوْرَ The طلّ [or fine drizzling rain] made the flowers, or blossoms, to increase in beauty of aspect. (TA.) b5: زَهَا السِّرَاجَ, (K,) aor. ـو [perhaps a mistranscription for يَزْهَاهُ], inf. n. زَهْوٌ, (TA,) He made the سراج [or lamp, or lighted wick,] to give a bright light. (K.) b6: زَهَوْتُ الإِبِلَ I made the camels to journey, after coming to water, (A 'Obeyd, JK, S, K,) a night or more, (A 'Obeyd, JK, S,) or a night or two nights. (K.) Thus the verb in relation to camels is trans. as well as intrans. (S.) b7: زَهَا بِالسَّيْفُ He made a sign with the sword by waving it, or brandishing it. (K, TA.) b8: زَهَا بِالعَصَا He struck with the staff, or stick. (K.) b9: زَهَا بِمِائَةِ رِطْلٍ He computed, or computed by conjecture, [to be of the weight of] a hundred pounds. (K.) You say, زَهَاهُ بِمِائَةِ رِطْلٍ meaning خرزه [a mistake for حَزَرَهُ i. e. He computed it, &c., to be of the weight of a hundred pounds]. (TK. In the TA, زها فلان بمائة رطل, [الشَّىْءَ or the like being omitted by an oversight,] aor. ـْ [which indicates an omission after فلان].) And زَهَوْتُ القَوْمَ I computed, or computed by conjecture, the number of the people, or party. (JK.) A3: زُهِىَ, (JK, S, K,) like عُنِىَ; (S, K;) and زَهَا, (IDrd, S, K,) like دَعَا, but this is rare, (K,) and was dissallowed by As in the sense of زُهِىَ, (TA in art. نخو,) aor. ـْ inf. n. زَهْوٌ; (IDrd, S;) and ↓ أَزْهَى; (K;) said of a man, (JK, S,) He behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; (S, K, * TA;) he was proud, vain, and boastful; (K;) or was pleased with himself, or self-conceited: (JK:) ازدهى [i. e. ↓ اُزْدُهِىَ], in like manner, means تَكَبَّرَ: (Har p. 264: [but this more properly signifies, as shown above by an explanation of اِزْدَهَاهُ, he was incited, or excited, to lightness, levity, or unsteadiness:]) the first of these verbs [may be originally pass. of زَهَا in the phrase زَهَاهُ الكِبْرُ, mentioned before, but, as J says,] is one of a class of verbs used in the pass. form though having the sense of the act. form: in using it imperatively, you say, لِتُزْهَ يَا رَجُلُ [Behave thou proudly, &c., O man; see art. ت]; and like this is the aor. [used as an imperative] of every verb of which the agent is not named; for when it is reduced to its essential import, you thereby command something, other than the person whom you address, to affect, or befall, that person; and the third person of the [aor. used as an] imperative is never without ل, as when you say, لِيَقُمْ زَيْدٌ: (S, TA:) J also says, (TA,) I said to an Arab of the desert, of [the tribe of] Benoo-Suleym, What is the meaning of زُهِىَ الرَّجُلُ? and he answered, The man was pleased with himself, or self-conceited: I said, Dost thou say, زَهَا as meaning اِفْتَخَرَ [He gloried, or boasted, &c.]? and he answered, As for us, we do not say it. (S, TA.) One says also, زُهِىَ فُلَانٌ بِكَذَا i. e. نُخِىَ [Such a one gloried, or boasted, and magnified himself, or behaved proudly, by reason of such a thing]; as though meaning زَهَاهُ الإِعْجَابُ بِنَفْسِهِ [i. e. self-conceit elevated him by reason of such a thing]. (Har p. 171.) b2: and one says, زُهِىَ الشَّىْءُ بِعَيْنَيْكَ or لِعَيْنَيْكَ The thing was beautiful in aspect in, or to, thine eyes. (S, accord. to different copies. [The meaning is there shown by what immediately precedes. In three copies of the S, I find the verb in this phrase thus written, زُهِىَ; and only in the PS, زها, for زَهَا, which is the form given by Golius: Freytag writes the phrase زَهَى الشى بعينك.]) 2 زَهَّوَ see 1, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph.4 أَزْهَوَ see 1, in four places, in the first three sentences: b2: and again, in one place, in the last quarter of the same paragraph.

A2: مَا أَزْهَاهُ [meaning How proud, vain, boastful, or selfconceited, is he!] is from زَهَا as syn. with زُهِىَ; not from the latter of these two verbs, because the verb of wonder is not formed from a verb of which the agent is not named. (S.) 8 اِزْدَهَى [originally اِزْتَهَى]: see 1, as a trans. verb, in eight places. And اُزْدُهِىَ: see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

زَهْوٌ [is the inf. n. of زَهَا (q. v.): and also has the significations here following. b2: ] Pride [as implying self-elevation]: (JK, S, K:) vanity, or vain behaviour: (K:) boasting, or glorying: (S, K:) and wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny. (TA.) b3: A false, or vain, saying; syn. بَاطِلٌ; (S, K, and Ham p. 24;) a lie, or falsehood; (JK, S, K, and Ham * ubi suprà;) or an exaggeration in speech. (Ham ubi suprà.) You say, قَالَ زَهْوًا [He said a false, or vain, saying, &c.]. (Ham ubi suprà.) b4: A beautiful aspect. (S, K.) b5: The blossoms, or flowers, of a plant. (Lth, K.) b6: The brightness of a plant (K, TA) by its becoming red or yellow; (TA;) as also ↓ زُهُوٌّ, (K, TA,) like عُلُوٌّ, (TA,) [in the CK كالزَّهْوِ is here put in the place of كَالزُّهُوِّ,] and ↓ زَهَآءٌ, (K, TA,) like سَحَابٌ, as the unrestricted mention of it requires, but in some of the copies of the K with damm [i. e. زُهَآءٌ]. (TA.) b7: Also, [or نَبَاتٌ زَهْوٌ, as in the TK,] A plant beautiful and bright, (K,) or fresh. (TA.) b8: And Dates beginning to ripen (بُسْرٌ) that are becoming coloured (مُلَوِّنٌ), (so in some copies of the S and K, and in the Mgh, or مُتَلَوِّنٌ [which signifies the same], Har p. 416), or that have become coloured (مُلَوَّنٌ); (so in other copies of the S and K;) as also ↓ زُهُوٌّ, (K, TA,) like عُلُوٌّ, thus in the handwriting of Az in the T: (TA:) [here, again, in the CK we find كالزَّهْوِ put in the place of كَالزُّهُوِّ: or perhaps it should be ↓ كَالزُّهْوِ; as appears from what follows in the next sentence:] in this sense, زَهْوٌ is an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) One says, when redness and yellowness appear in palm-trees, قَدْ ظَهَرَ فِيهِ الزَّهْوُ [Dates becoming, or become, red, or yellow, have appeared in them; i. e. فِى النَّخْلِ]: and the people of El-Hijáz say, ↓ الزُّهْوُ, with damm: (S:) [Fei says,] the subst. from زَهَا النَّخْلُ meaning “ the palm-trees showed redness and yellowness in their fruit ” is الزهو [i. e. ↓ الزُّهْوُ], with damm; and AHát says that this term is used only when the colour of the date has become free from admixture in redness or yellowness. (Msb.) b9: Yousay also ثَوْبٌ زَهْوٌ A red and beautiful garment or piece of cloth: and ثِيَابٌ زَهْوَةٌ and ↓ زَاهِيَةٌ [red and beautiful garments &c.]. (JK.) زُهْوٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, latter half, in three places.

زُهَا الدُّنْيَا The ornature, finery, show, pomp, or gaiety, of the present life or world. (K, TA.) The former noun [when indeterminate] is [with tenween, زُهًا,] like هُدًى. (K.) زَهْوَةٌ A shining, glistening, or brilliancy; whatever be the colour. (TA.) زَهَآءٌ: see زَهْوٌ, in the former half of the paragraph.

زُهَآءٌ Number, or amount. (JK, Msb.) Yousay, كَمْ زُهَاؤُهُمْ How many is their number? or how much is their amount? (Msb, TA:) or, the computation of them? (TA.) And هُمْ زُهَآءُ مِائَةٍ

[They are as many as a hundred;] they are the number, or amount, of a hundred; (El-Fárábee, S, Mgh, Msb, K; *) or their number, or amount, is a hundred: (Mgh:) and مِائَةٍ ↓ زِهَآءُ, also, with kesr: (El-Fárábee, Msb:) but the saying of the [common] people هُمْ زُهَآء عَلَى مِائَة is not [correct] Arabic. (Msb.) b2: Also A large number: whence in a trad. respecting the time of the resurrection, إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِنَاسٍ مِنْ قِبَلِ المَشْرِقِ

أُولِى زُهَآءٍ i. e. [When ye hear of men coming from the direction of the east,] having a large number. (TA.) b3: And زُهَآءُ الشَّىْءِ signifies The شَخْص [i. e. corporeal form or figure or substance, which one sees from a distance,] of the thing. (TA.) زِهَآءُ مِائَةٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

زُهُوٌّ: see زَهْوٌ, in two places. b2: Also The redness of colour, and beauty, of garments or cloths. (JK.) زَاهٍ [act. part. n. of زَهَا]. b2: إِبِلٌ زَاهِيَةٌ Camels that will not pasture upon the [plants, or trees, termed] حَمْضِ: (ISk, S:) pl. زَوَاهٍ. (TA.) b3: زَاهِى اللَّوْن Bright in respect of colour. (TA.) ثِيَابٌ زَاهِيَةٌ: see زَهْوٌ, last sentence.

أَزْهَى [meaning More, and most, proud, vain, boastful, or self-conceited, is, like مَا أَزْهَاهُ (q. v.), from زَهَا as syn. with زُهِىَ; not from the latter of these two verbs]. You say أَزْهَى مِنْ غُرَابٍ [More proud, &c., than a crow]; (S, Meyd;) because the crow, in walking, ceases not to go with a proud, or self-conceited, gait, and to look at itself: and مِنْ وَعِلٍ [than a mountain-goat]: and من طَاؤُوسٍ [than a peacock]: and دِيكٍ and ذُبَابٍ and ثَوْرٍ and ثَعْلَبٍ [a cock and a fly and a bull and a fox]: all these are provs. (Meyd.) إِنْزَهْوٌ, in which each of the first two letters is augmentative, and which is said to be the only word of its kind except إِنْقَحْلٌ from قَحَلَ, (MF, TA,) applied to a man, Proud, haughty, or insolent; (Lh, K;) as also ↓ مُزْدَهًى [which more properly means incited, or excited, to lightness, levity, or unsteadiness]; (Har p. 264:) pl. of the former إِنْزَهْوُونَ. (Lh, TA.) [See also what next follows.]

مَزْهُوٌّ, from زُهِى, applied to a man, Proud, haughty, or insolent; (S, TA;) [vain, and boast-ful;] pleased with himself, or self-conceited. (TA.) [See also what next precedes.]

مُزْدَهًى: see إِنْزَهْوٌ, above.

غيض

1 غَاضَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. غَيْضٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and مَغَاضٌ (Msb, K) and مَغِيضٌ, (TA,) It (water) became scanty, or little in quantity, and sank into the earth, or disappeared in the earth: (S, and so in some copies of the K:) or became scanty, or little in quantity, and decreased, or diminished, or became deficient: (A, and so in some copies of the K:) or sank into the earth, and went away: (TA:) or went away into the earth; (Msb;) [contr. of فَاضَ, aor. ـِ as also ↓ انغاض, (S, K,) which is of the dial. of El-Hijáz. (TA.) b2: It (a thing, Msb, a flow of milk, TA, and (assumed tropical:) the price of a commodity, S, Msb, K) decreased, or diminished, or became deficient. (S, Msb, K.) b3: وَمَا تَغِيضُ الْأَرْحَامُ وَمَا تَزْدَادُ, (S, * K, * TA,) in the Kur [xiii. 9], (S,) means And the wombs' falling short [of completion or of what is usual], (Akh, S, Bd,) and their exceeding [therein], in respect of the body [of the fœtus], and the period of gestation, and the number borne: (Bd:) or, as some say, in respect of the menstrual blood: (Bd:) or the wombs' falling short of the nine months (Zj, O, L, and so in copies of the K, but in others seven months,) of gestation, and their exceeding the nine [or seven] months: (Zj, O, L:) or the wombs' falling short of completion, so that the fœtus dies, and their exceeding so that the gestation becomes complete: and accord. to this explanation, the reading of seven months in the K may be correct: see also Katádeh's explanation of غَيْضٌ, below, which favours this reading. (TA.) b4: You say also, غَاضَ الكِرَامُ وَفَاضَ اللِّئَامُ (S, A) (tropical:) The generous became few, (S, TA,) and failed, or perished, (TA,) and the mean became many. (S.) A2: غَاضَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. as above, inf. n. غَيْضٌ, (TA,) He (God, S, Msb) made it (i. e. water) to become scanty, or little in quantity, and to sink into the earth, or disappear in the earth: (S:) or made it to decrease, or diminish, or become deficient: (K:) or made it to go away into the earth: (Msb:) and ↓ اغاضهُ signifies the same; (S, A, K;) and so does ↓ غيّضهُ, inf. n. تَغْيِيضٌ: (TA:) thus the first of these verbs is trans. as well as intrans. (S.) [It is said in the Kur xi. 46,] وَغِيضَ الْمَآءُ (S, A) And the water was made to become scanty, &c.: (S:) or was made to decrease, or diminish. (A, * Bd.) and hence the saying of 'Áïsheh, describing her father, وَغَاضَ نَبْعَ الرِّدَّةِ (assumed tropical:) And he did away with what appeared of apostacy. (TA.) You say also, دَمْعَهُ ↓ غيّض, (S, * K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He made his tears to diminish, (S, K,) and restrained them: (S:) or he took the tears from his eye and dashed them away. (Th.) A poet says, (TA,) namely, Jereer, (O and TA in art. غبض,) مِنْ عَبَرَاتِهِنَّ وَقُلْنَ لِى ↓ غَيَّضْنَ مَا ذَا لَقِيتَ مِنَ الهَوَى وَلَقِينَا meaning They made their tears to flow until they exhausted them [and they said to me, What is it that thou hast experienced, of love, and we have experienced?]: ISd says that من here denotes some; or it may be redundant, accord. to the opinion of Abu-l-Hasan; for he holds that it may be so in affirmative [as well as negative] phrases, mentioning, as an instance, قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ مَطَرٍ, meaning قَدْ كَانَ مَطَرٌ. (TA.) One relation of this verse gives غَبَّضْنَ; but the former is the right. (O and TA in art. غبض.) b2: Also He opened a way, passage, or channel, for it (namely water) to flow forth to a مَغِيض [q. v.]. (Msb.) b3: (assumed tropical:) He diminished it, namely the price of a commodity; (Ks, S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اغاضهُ. (K.) b4: And He caused him to suffer loss, or detriment; and wronged, or injured, him. (ISd, TA.) 2 غيّضهُ: see 1, latter half, in three places.

A2: غيّض said of a lion He frequented, or kept to, the غَيْضَة [q. v.]. (S, Sgh, L, K.) 4 اغاضهُ: see 1, latter half, in two places.7 إِنْغَيَضَ see 1, first sentence.

غَيْضٌ An abortive fœtus, not completely formed; (Katádeh, K;) i. e. less than seven months old. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) Little; or a small quantity: as in the saying, or in أَعْطَاهُ غَيْضًا مِنْ فَيْضٍ (tropical:) He gave him little from much. (S, A, K.) A3: An abundance of the trees called أَعْلَاث; i. e. طَرْفَآء and أَثْل and حَاج and عِكْرِش and يَنْبُوت. (TA.) [See also غَيْضَةٌ.]

غِيضٌ The طَلْع [or spadix of a palm-tree]; (IAar, IDrd, O, K, TA;) like غَضِيضٌ and إِغْرِيضٌ: (TA:) or the عَجَم (AA, O, K) [thus correctly (in the CK عُجْم) evidently, I think, here meaning the heart (commonly called جُمَّار q. v.) of the palm-tree (the only produce that is eaten except the dates)] that comes forth, or coming forth, (K,) or that has not come forth, (O,) from [amid] its [membranous fibres termed]

لِيف [q. v.], and all of which is eaten. (AA, O, K.) غَيْضَةٌ A thicket; syn. أَجَمَةٌ; i. e. a collection of tangled, or confused, or dense, trees: (Mgh, Msb:) or an أَجَمَة; i. e. a ↓ مَغِيض [q. v.] of water collected together, in which, in consequence thereof, trees grow: (S:) or an أَجَمَة: and a place in which is a collection of trees in a مَغِيض of water: (K:) or particularly, of [trees of the willow-kind called] غَرَب; not of all trees; (AHn, O, K;) accord. to the first Arabs of the desert; but this is at variance with what we find in the poems of the Arabs; for Ru-beh, for instance, makes it to consist of fruit-bearing trees and trees not fruit-bearing, and makes it to be a غَابَة: (AHn, O:) [see also غَيْنَةٌ:] pl. [of pauc.] أَغْيَاضٌ (S, K) and [of mult.] غِيَاضٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and غَيْضَاتٌ: (Msb:) the first of these being formed with disregard of the augmentative [ة]; not being a pl. pl., for this is not so formed: (TA:) any غَرَب in Nejd adjacent to the غَرَب of the cultivated lands, when they are collected therein, are termed غِيَاض. (O, TA.) [See also غَيْضٌ.]

غَائِض as used in the following verse, إِلَى اللّٰهِ أَشْكُو مِنْ خَلِيلٍ أَوَدُّهُ ثَلَاثَ خِلَالٍ كُلُّهَا لِىَ غَائِضُ is said by some to mean غَائِظ, the ض being substituted for ظ; [so that the verse should be rendered, To God I complain of three qualities, or habits, of a friend whom I love, every one of which is to me such as angers;] thus says IJ: but ISd says that it may be without substitution, from غَاضَهُ as expl. in the last sentence of the first paragraph of this art.; and thus the meaning may be, such as causes me to suffer loss, or detriment, and such as wrongs, or injures, me. (TA.) مَغِيضٌ is an inf. n. (TA. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: And also the pass. part. n. of غَاضَهُ; applied to water. (Msb, TA. *) b3: And a n. of place, signifying A place where water sinks, or goes away, into the earth: (Msb, TA:) or مَغِيضُ مَآءٍ signifies a place where water enters [into the earth]: and a place where water collects: (Mgh:) see also غَيْضَةٌ: pl. مَغَايِضُ. (Mgh.)

المَقْدِسُ:
في اللغة المنزه، قال المفسرون في قوله تعالى:
وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ 2: 30، قال الزّجاج: معنى نقدس لك أي نطهّر أنفسنا لك وكذلك نفعل بمن أطاعك نقدسه أي نطهّره، قال: ومن هذا قيل للسطل القدس لأنه يتقدّس منه أي يتطهّر، قال:
ومن هذا بيت المقدس، كذا ضبطه بفتح أوله، وسكون ثانيه، وتخفيف الدال وكسرها، أي البيت المقدّس المطهّر الذي يتطهر به من الذنوب، قال مروان:
قل للفرزدق، والسفاهة كاسمها: ... إن كنت تارك ما أمرتك فاجلس
ودع المدينة إنها محذورة، ... والحق بمكة أو بيت المقدس
وقال قتادة: المراد بأرض المقدس أي المبارك، وإليه ذهب ابن الأعرابي، ومنه قيل للراهب مقدّس، ومنه قول امرئ القيس:
فأدركنه يأخذن بالساق والنّسا ... كما شبرق الولدان ثوب المقدّس
وصبيان النصارى يتبرّكون به وبمسح مسحه الذي هو لابسه وأخذ خيوطه منه حتى يتمزق عنه ثوبه، وفضائل بيت المقدس كثيرة ولا بدّ من ذكر شيء منها حتى يستحسنه المطّلع عليه، قال مقاتل بن سليمان قوله تعالى: وَنَجَّيْناهُ وَلُوطاً إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بارَكْنا فِيها لِلْعالَمِينَ، 21: 71 قال: هي بيت المقدس، وقوله تعالى لبني إسرائيل: وواعدناكم جانب الطور الأيمن، يعني بيت المقدس، وقوله تعالى: وجعلنا ابن مريم وأمه آيتين وآويناهما إلى ربوة ذات قرار ومعين، قال:
البيت المقدس، وقال تعالى: سُبْحانَ الَّذِي أَسْرى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا من الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى 17: 1، هو بيت المقدس، وقوله تعالى: في بيوت أذن الله أن ترفع ويذكر فيها اسمه، البيت المقدس، وفي الخبر: من صلى في بيت المقدس فكأنما صلى في السماء، ورفع الله عيسى بن مريم إلى السماء من بيت المقدس وفيه مهبطه إذا هبط وتزفّ الكعبة بجميع حجّاجها إلى البيت المقدس يقال لها مرحبا بالزائر والمزور، وتزف جميع مساجد الأرض إلى البيت المقدس، أول شيء حسر عنه بعد الطوفان صخرة بيت المقدس وفيه ينفخ في الصور يوم القيامة وعلى صخرته ينادي المنادي يوم القيامة، وقد قال الله تعالى لسليمان بن داود، عليهما السلام، حين فرغ من بناء البيت المقدس:
سلني أعطك، قال: يا رب أسألك أن تغفر لي ذنبي، قال: لك ذلك، قال: يا رب وأسألك أن تغفر لمن جاء هذا البيت يريد الصلاة فيه وأن تخرجه من ذنوبه كيوم ولد، قال: لك ذلك، قال: وأسألك من جاء فقيرا أن تغنيه، قال: لك ذلك، قال:
وأسألك من جاء سقيما أن تشفيه، قال: ولك ذلك، وعن النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أنه قال: لا تشدّ الرحال إلا إلى ثلاثة مساجد: مسجدي هذا والمسجد الحرام ومسجد البيت المقدس، وإن الصلاة في بيت المقدس خير من ألف صلاة في غيره، وأقرب بقعة في الأرض من السماء البيت المقدس ويمنع الدّجال من دخولها ويهلك يأجوج ومأجوج دونها، وأوصى آدم، عليه السّلام، أن يدفن بها وكذلك إسحاق وإبراهيم، وحمل يعقوب من أرض مصر حتى دفن بها، وأوصى يوسف، عليه السّلام، حين مات بأرض مصر أن يحمل إليها، وهاجر إبراهيم من كوثى إليها، وإليها المحشر ومنها المنشر، وتاب الله على داود بها، وصدّق إبراهيم الرؤيا بها، وكلّم عيسى الناس في المهد بها، وتقاد الجنة يوم القيامة إليها ومنها يتفرّق الناس إلى الجنة أو إلى النار، وروي عن كعب أن جميع الأنبياء، عليهم السلام، زاروا بيت المقدس تعظيما له، وروي عن كعب أنه قال: لا تسمّوا بيت المقدس إيلياء ولكن سموه باسمه فإن إيلياء امرأة بنت المدينة، وعن عبد الله بن عمر قال: قال رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: فلما فرغ سليمان من بناء بيت المقدس سأل الله حكما يوافق حكمه وملكا لا ينبغي لأحد من بعده فأعطاه الله ذلك، وعن ابن عباس قال: البيت المقدس بنته الأنبياء وسكنته الأنبياء ما فيه موضع شبر إلا وقد صلى فيه نبيّ أو أقام فيه ملك، وعن أبي ذر قال: قلت لرسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: أيّ مسجد وضع على وجه الأرض أوّلا؟ قال: المسجد الحرام، قلت: ثم أيّ؟ قال: البيت المقدس وبينهما أربعون سنة، وروي عن أبيّ بن كعب قال: أوحى الله تعالى إلى داود ابن لي بيتا، قال: يا رب وأين من الأرض؟ قال: حيث ترى الملك شاهرا سيفه، فرأى داود ملكا على الصخرة واقفا وبيده سيف، وعن الفضيل بن عياض قال: لمّا صرفت القبلة نحو الكعبة قالت الصخرة: إلهي لم أزل قبلة لعبادك حتى إذا بعثت خير خلقك صرفت قبلتهم عني! قال: ابشري فإني واضع عليك عرشي وحاشر إليك خلقي وقاض عليك أمري وناشر منك عبادي، وقال كعب: من زار البيت المقدس شوقا إليه دخل الجنة، ومن صلى فيه ركعتين خرج من ذنوبه كيوم ولدته أمه وأعطي قلبا شاكرا ولسانا ذاكرا، ومن تصدّق فيه بــدرهم كان فداءه من النار، ومن صام فيه يوما واحدا كتبت له براءته من النار، وقال كعب: معقل المؤمنين أيام الدجال البيت المقدس يحاصرهم فيه حتى يأكلوا أوتار قسيّهم من الجوع، فبينما هم كذلك إذ سمعوا صوتا من الصخرة فيقولون هذا صوت رجل شعبان، ينظرون فإذا عيسى بن مريم، عليه السّلام، فإذا رآه الدجال هرب منه فيتلقاه بباب لدّ فيقتله، وقال أبو مالك القرظي في كتاب اليهود الذي لم يغيّر: إن الله تعالى خلق الأرض فنظر إليها وقال: أنا واطئ على بقعتك، فشمخت الجبال وتواضعت الصخرة فشكر الله لها وقال: هذا مقامي وموضع ميزاني وجنتي وناري ومحشر خلقي وأنا ديّان يوم الدين، وعن وهب بن منبّه قال: أمر إسحاق ابنه يعقوب أن لا ينكح امرأة من الكنعانيين وأن ينكح من بنات خاله لابان ابن تاهر بن أزر وكان مسكنه فلسطين فتوجه إليها يعقوب، وأدركه في بعض الطريق الليل فبات متوسدا حجرا فرأى فيما يرى النائم كأن سلّما منصوبا إلى باب السماء عند رأسه والملائكة تنزل منه وتعرج فيه وأوحى الله إليه: إني أنا الله لا إله إلا أنا إلهك وإله آبائك إبراهيم وإسماعيل وإسحاق وقد ورّثتك هذه الأرض المقدسة وذريتك من بعدك وباركت فيك وفيهم وجعلت فيكم الكتاب والحكمة والنبوّة ثم أنا معك حتى تدرك إلى هذا المكان فاجعله بيتا تعبدني فيه أنت وذريتك، فيقال إنه بيت المقدس، فبناه داود وابنه سليمان ثم أخربته الجبابرة بعد ذلك فاجتاز به شعيا، وقيل عزير، عليهما السلام، فرآه خرابا، فقال: أنّي يحيى هذه الله بعد موتها؟ فأماته الله مائة عام ثم بعثه، كما قص، عزّ وجل، في كتابه الكريم، ثم بناه ملك من ملوك فارس يقال له كوشك، وكان قد اتخذ سليمان في بيت المقدس أشياء عجيبة، منها القبّة التي فيها السلسلة المعلقة ينالها صاحب الحق ولا ينالها المبطل حتى اضمحلت بحيلة غير معروفة، وكان من عجائب بنائه أنه بنى بيتا وأحكمه وصقله فإذا دخله الفاجر والورع تبيّن الفاجر من الورع لأن
الورع كان يظهر خياله في الحائط أبيض والفاجر يظهر خياله أسود، وكان أيضا مما اتخذ من الأعاجيب أن ينصب في زاوية من زواياه عصا آبنوس فكان من مسها من أولاد الأنبياء لم تضرّه ومن مسها من غيرهم أحرقت يده، وقد وصفها القدماء بصفات إن استقصيتها أمللت القارئ، والذي شاهدته أنا منها أن أرضها وضياعها وقراها كلّها جبال شامخة وليس حولها ولا بالقرب منها أرض وطيئة البتة وزروعها على الجبال وأطرافها بالفؤوس لأن الدواب لا صنع لها هناك، وأما نفس المدينة فهي على فضاء في وسط تلك الجبال وأرضها كلها حجر من الجبال التي هي عليها وفيها أسواق كثيرة وعمارات حسنة، وأما الأقصى فهو في طرفها الشرقي نحو القبلة أساسه من عمل داود، عليه السّلام، وهو طويل عريض وطوله أكثر من عرضه، وفي نحو القبلة المصلى الذي يخطب فيه للجمعة وهو على غاية الحسن والإحكام مبنيّ على الأعمدة الرخام الملونة والفسيفساء التي ليس في الدنيا أحسن منها لا جامع دمشق ولا غيره، وفي وسط صحن هذا الموضع مصطبة عظيمة في ارتفاع نحو خمسة أذرع كبيرة يصعد إليها الناس من عدة مواضع بدرج، وفي وسط هذه المصطبة قبة عظيمة على أعمدة رخام مسقفة برصاص منمّقة من برّا وداخل بالفسيفساء مطبقة بالرخام الملون قائم ومسطح، وفي وسط هذا الرخام قبة أخرى وهي قبة الصخرة التي تزار وعلى طرفها أثر قدم النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وتحتها مغارة ينزل إليها بعدّة درج مبلّطة بالرخام قائم ونائم يصلّى فيها وتزار، ولهذه القبة أربعة أبواب، وفي شرقيها برأسها قبة أخرى على أعمدة مكشوفة حسنة مليحة يقولون إنها قبة السلسلة، وقبة المعراج أيضا على حائط المصطبة وقبة النبي داود، عليه السّلام، كل ذلك على أعمدة مطبق أعلاها بالرصاص، وفيها مغاور كثيرة ومواضع يطول عددها مما يزار ويتبرك به، ويشرب أهل المدينة من ماء المطر، ليس فيها دار إلا وفيها صهريج لكنها مياه رديّة أكثرها يجتمع من الدروب وإن كانت دروبهم حجارة ليس فيها ذلك الدّنس الكثير، وبها ثلاث برك عظام: بركة بني إسرائيل وبركة سليمان، عليه السّلام، وبركة عياض عليها حمّاماتهم، وعين سلوان في ظاهر المدينة في وادي جهنم مليحة الماء وكان بنو أيوب قد أحكموا سورها ثم خرّبوه على ما نحكيه بعد، وفي المثل:
قتل أرضا عالمها وقتلت أرض جاهلها، هذا قول أبي عبد الله محمد بن أحمد بن البنّاء البشّاري المقدسي له كتاب في أخبار بلدان الإسلام وقد وصف بيت المقدس فأحسن فالأولى أن نذكر قوله لأنه أعرف ببلده وإن كان قد تغير بعده بعض معالمها، قال: هي متوسطة الحرّ والبرد قلّ ما يقع فيها ثلج، قال:
وسألني القاضي أبو القاسم عن الهواء بها فقلت: سجسج لا حرّ ولا برد، فقال: هذه صفة الجنّة، قلت:
بنيانهم حجر لا ترى أحسن منه ولا أنفس منه ولا أعفّ من أهلها ولا أطيب من العيش بها ولا أنظف من أسواقها ولا أكبر من مسجدها ولا أكثر من مشاهدها، وكنت يوما في مجلس القاضي المختار أبي يحيى بهرام بالبصرة فجرى ذكر مصر إلى أن سئلت: أيّ بلد أجلّ؟ قلت: بلدنا، قيل: فأيهما أطيب؟ قلت: بلدنا، قيل: فأيهما أفضل؟ قلت: بلدنا، قيل: فأيهما أحسن؟ قلت:
بلدنا، قيل: فأيهما أكثر خيرات؟ قلت: بلدنا، قيل: فأيهما أكبر؟ قلت: بلدنا، فتعجب أهل المجلس من ذلك وقيل: أنت رجل محصّل وقد ادّعيت ما لا يقبل منك وما مثك إلا كصاحب
الناقة مع الحجاج، قلت: أما قولي أجلّ فلأنها بلدة جمعت الدنيا والآخرة فمن كان من أبناء الدنيا وأراد الآخرة وجد سوقها، ومن كان من أبناء الآخرة فدعته نفسه إلى نعمة الدنيا وجدها، وأما طيب هوائها فإنه لا سمّ لبردها ولا أذى لحرها، وأما الحسن فلا يرى أحسن من بنيانها ولا أنظف منها ولا أنزه من مسجدها، وأما كثرة الخيرات فقد جمع الله فيها فواكه الأغوار والسهل والجبل والأشياء المتضادّة كالأترجّ واللوز والرطب والجوز والتين والموز، وأما الفضل فهي عرصة القيامة ومنها النشر وإليها الحشر وإنما فضلت مكة بالكعبة والمدينة بالنبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، ويوم القيامة تزفّان إليها فتحوي الفضل كله، وأما الكبر فالخلائق كلهم يحشرون إليها فأي أرض أوسع منها؟ فاستحسنوا ذلك وأقرّوا به، قال: إلا أن لها عيوبا، يقال إن في التوراة مكتوبا بيت المقدس طست من ذهب مملوء عقارب، ثم لا ترى أقذر من حماماتها ولا أثقل مؤنة وهي مع ذلك قليلة العلماء كثيرة النصارى وفيهم جفاء وعلى الرحبة والفنادق ضرائب ثقال وعلى ما يباع فيها رجّالة وعلى الأبواب أعوان فلا يمكن أحدا أن يبيع شيئا مما يرتفق به الناس إلا بها مع قلة يسار، وليس للمظلوم أنصار، فالمستور مهموم والغني محسود والفقيه مهجور والأديب غير مشهور، ولا مجلس نظر ولا تدريس، قد غلب عليها النصارى واليهود وخلا المجلس من الناس والمسجد من الجماعات، وهي أصغر من مكة وأكبر من المدينة عليها حصن بعضه على جبل وعلى بقيته خندق، ولها ثمانية أبواب حديد:
باب صهيون وباب النية وباب البلاط وباب جب ارميا وباب سلوان وباب أريحا وباب العمود وباب محراب داود، عليه السّلام، والماء بها واسع، وقيل: ليس ببيت المقدس أكثر من الماء والأذان قلّ أن يكون بها دار ليس بها صهريج أو صهريجان أو ثلاثة على قدر كبرها وصغرها، وبها ثلاث برك عظام: بركة بني إسرائيل وبركة سليمان وبركة عياض عليها حمّاماتهم لها دواع من الأزقة، وفي المسجد عشرون جبّا مشجّرة قلّ أن تكون حارة ليس بها جبّ مسيل غير أن مياها من الأزقة وقد عمد إلى واد فجعل بركتين تجتمع إليهما السيول في الشتاء وقد شقّ منهما قناه إلى البلد تدخل وقت الربيع فتدخل صهاريج الجامع وغيرها، وأما المسجد الأقصى فهو على قرنة البلد الشرقي نحو القبلة أساسه من عمل داود، طول الحجر عشرة أذرع وأقلّ منقوشة موجّهة مؤلفة صلبة وقد بنى عليه عبد الملك بحجارة صغار حسان وشرّفوه وكان أحسن من جامع دمشق لكن جاءت زلزلة في أيام بني العباس فطرحته إلّا ما حول المحراب، فلما بلغ الخليفة خبره أراد رده مثلما كان فقيل له:
تعيا ولا تقدر على ذلك، فكتب إلى أمراء الأطراف والقوّاد يأمرهم أن يبني كل واحد منهم رواقا، فبنوه أوثق وأغلظ صناعة مما كان، وبقيت تلك القطعة شامة فيه وهي إلى حذاء الأعمدة الرخام، وما كان من الأساطين المشيدة فهو محدث، وللمغطى ستة وعشرون بابا: باب يقابل المحراب يسمّى باب النحاس الأعظم مصفح بالصفر المذهّب لا يفتح مصراعه إلا رجل شديد القوّة عن يمينه سبعة أبواب كبار في وسطها باب مصفح مذهب وعلى اليسار مثلها وفي نحو المشرق أحد عشر بابا سواذج وخمسة عشر رواقا على أعمدة رخام أحدثها عبد الله بن طاهر، وعلى الصحن من الميمنة أروقة على أعمدة رخام وأساطين، وعلى المؤخر أروقة ازاج من الحجارة، وعلى وسط المغطى جمل عظيم خلف قبة حسنة، والسقوف كلها إلّا المؤخر ملبسة بشقاق الرصاص والمؤخر مرصوف بالفسيفساء الكبار والصحن كله مبلط، وفي وسط الرواق دكة مربعة مثل مسجد يثرب يصعد إليها من أربع جهاتها بمراق واسعة، وفي الدكة أربع قباب:
قبة السلسلة وقبة المعراج وقبة النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وهذه الثلاث الصغار ملبسة بالرصاص على أعمدة رخام مكشوفة، وفي وسط الدكة قبة الصخرة على بيت مثمن بأربعة أبواب كل باب يقابل مرقاة من مراقي الدكة، وهي: الباب القبليّ وباب إسرافيل وباب الصور وباب النساء، وهو الذي يفتح إلى المغرب، جميعها مذهبة في وجه كل واحد باب مليح من خشب التّنّوب، وكانت قد أمرت بعملها أمّ المقتدر بالله، وعلى كل باب صفّة مرخمة والتنّوبيّة مطبّقة على الصفرية من خارج، وعلى أبواب الصفّات أبواب أيضا سواذج داخل البيت ثلاثة أروقة دائرة على أعمدة معجونة أجلّ من الرخام وأحسن لا نظير لها قد عقدت عليه أروقة لاطئة داخلة في رواق آخر مستدير على الصخرة على أعمدة معجونة بقناطر مدورة فوق هذه منطقة متعالية في الهواء فيها طاقات كبار والقبة فوق المنطقة طولها غير القاعدة الكبرى مع السّفّود في الهواء مائة ذراع ترى من البعد فوقها سفود حسن طوله قامة وبسطة، والقبة على عظمها ملبسة بالصفر المذهب وأرض البيت مع حيطانه، والمنطقة من داخل وخارج على صفة جامع دمشق، والقبة ثلاث سافات: الأولى مروّقة على الألواح، والثانية من أعمدة الحديد قد شبكت لئلا تميلها الرياح، ثم الثالثة من خشب عليها الصفائح وفي وسطها طريق إلى عند السفود يصعد منها الصّنّاع لتفقدها ورمّها فإذا بزغت عليها الشمس أشرقت القبة وتلألأت المنطقة ورؤيت شيئا عجيبا، وعلى الجملة لم أر في الإسلام ولا سمعت أن في الشرك مثل هذه القبة، ويدخل المسجد من ثلاثة عشر موضعا بعشرين بابا، منها:
باب الحطّة وباب النبي، عليه الصلاة والسلام، وباب محراب مريم وباب الرحمة وباب بركة بني إسرائيل وباب الأسباط وباب الهاشميين وباب الوليد وباب إبراهيم، عليه السلام، وباب أمّ خالد وباب داود، عليه السّلام، وفيه من المشاهد محراب مريم وزكرياء ويعقوب والخضر ومقام النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وجبرائيل وموضع المنهل والنور والكعبة والصراط متفرقة فيه وليس على الميسرة أروقة، والمغطى لا يتصل بالحائط الشرقي وإنما ترك هذا البعض لسبين أحدهما قول عمر: واتخذوا في غربي هذا المسجد مصلّى للمسلمين، فتركت هذه القطعة لئلا يخالف، والآخر لو مدّ المغطى إلى الزاوية لم تقع الصخرة حذاء المحراب فكرهوا ذلك، والله أعلم، وطول المسجد ألف ذراع بالذراع الهاشمي، وعرضه سبعمائة ذراع، وفي سقوفه من الخشب أربعة آلاف خشبة وسبعمائة عمود رخام، وعلى السقوف خمسة وأربعون ألف شقة رصاص، وحجم الصخرة ثلاثة وثلاثون ذراعا في سبعة وعشرين، وتحت الصخرة مغارة تزار ويصلّى فيها تسع مائة وستين نفسا، وكانت وظيفته كل شهر مائة دينار، وفي كل سنة ثمانمائة ألف ذراع حصرا، وخدّامه مماليك له أقامهم عبد الملك من خمس الأسارى ولذلك يسمّون الأخماس لا يخدمه غيرهم ولهم نوب يحفظونها، وقال المنجمون:
المقدس طوله ست وخمسون درجة، وعرضه ثلاث وثلاثون درجة، في الإقليم الثالث، وأما فتحها في أول الإسلام إلى يومنا هذا فإن عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، أنفذ عمرو بن العاص إلى فلسطين ثم نزل البيت المقدس فامتنع عليه فقدم أبو عبيدة بن الجرّاح
بعد أن افتتح قنّسرين وذلك في سنة 16 للهجرة فطلب أهل بيت المقدس من أبي عبيدة الأمان والصلح على مثل ما صولح عليه أهل مدن الشام من أداء الجزية والخراج والدخول فيما دخل فيه نظراؤهم على أن يكون المتولّي للعقد لهم عمر بن الخطاب، فكتب أبو عبيدة بذلك إلى عمر فقدم عمر ونزل الجابية من دمشق ثم صار إلى بيت المقدس فأنفذ صلحهم وكتب لهم به كتابا وكان ذلك في سنة 17، ولم تزل على ذلك بيد المسلمين، والنصارى من الروم والأفرنج والأرمن وغيرهم من سائر أصنافهم يقصدونها للزيارة إلى بيعتهم المعروفة بالقمامة وليس لهم في الأرض أجلّ منها، حتى انتهت إلى أن ملكها سكمان بن أرتق وأخوه ايلغازي جدّ هؤلاء الذين بدياربكر صاحب ماردين وآمد، والخطبة فيها تقام لبني العباس، فاستضعفهم المصريون وأرسلوا إليهم جيشا لا طاقة لهم به، وبلغ سكمان وأخاه خبر ذلك فتركوها من غير قتال وانصرفوا نحو العراق، وقيل: بل حاصروها ونصبوا عليها المجانيق ثم سلموها بالأمان ورجع هؤلاء إلى نحو المشرق، وذلك في سنة 491، واتّفق أن الأفرنج في هذه الأيام خرجوا من وراء البحر إلى الساحل فملكوا جميع الساحل أو أكثره وامتدوا حتى نزلوا على البيت المقدّس فأقاموا عليها نيفا وأربعين يوما ثم ملكوها من شماليها من ناحية باب الأسباط عنوة في اليوم الثالث والعشرين من شعبان سنة 492 ووضعوا السيف في المسلمين أسبوعا والتجأ الناس إلى الجامع الأقصى فقتلوا فيه ما يزيد على سبعين ألفا من المسلمين وأخذوا من عند الصخرة نيفا وأربعين قنديلا فضّة كل واحد وزنه ثلاثة آلاف وستمائة درهم فضّة وتنّور فضة وزنه أربعون رطلا بالشامي وأموالا لا تحصى، وجعلوا الصخرة والمسجد الأقصى مأوى لخنازيرهم، ولم يزل في أيديهم حتى استنقذه منهم الملك الناصر صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب في سنة 583 بعد إحدى وتسعين سنة أقامها في يد الأفرنج وهي الآن في يد بني أيوب، والمستولي عليهم الآن منهم الملك المعظم عيسى ابن العادل أبي بكر بن أيوب، وكانوا قد أحكموا سوره وعمّروه وجوّدوه، فلما خرج الأفرنج في سنة 616 وتملّكوا دمياط استظهر الملك المعظم بخراب سوره وقال: نحن لا نمنع البلدان بالأسوار إنما نمنعها بالسيوف والأساورة، وهذا كاف في خبرها وليس كلّ ما أجده أكتبه ولو فعلت ذلك لم يتسع لي زماني، وفي المسجد أماكن كثيرة وأوصاف عجيبة لا تتصوّر إلا بالمشاهدة عيانا، ومن أعظم محاسنه أنه إذا جلس إنسان فيه في أي موضع منه يرى أن ذلك الموضع هو أحسن المواضع وأشرحها، ولذا قيل إن الله نظر إليه بعين الجمال ونظر إلى المسجد الحرام بعين الجلال:
أهيم بقاع القدس ما هبّت الصّبا، ... فتلك رباع الأنس في زمن الصّبا
وما زلت في شوقي إليها مواصلا ... سلامي على تلك المعاهد والرّبى
والحمد لله الذي وفّقني لزيارته، وينسب إلى بيت المقدس جماعة من العبّاد الصالحين والفقهاء، منهم:
نصر بن إبراهيم بن نصر بن إبراهيم بن داود أبو الفتح المقدسي الفقيه الشافعي الزاهد أصله من طرابلس وسكن بيت المقدس ودرّس بها وكان قد سمع بدمشق من أبي الحسن السمسار وأبي الحسن محمد بن عوف وابن سعدان وابن شكران وأبي القاسم وابن الطبري، وسمع بآمد هبة الله بن سليمان وسليم بن أيوب بصور وعليه تفقّه وعلى محمد بن البيان الكازروني، وروى عنه أبو بكر الخطيب وعمر بن عبد الكريم
الدهستاني وأبو القاسم النسيب وأبو الفتح نصر الله اللاذقي وأبو محمد بن طاووس وجماعة، وكان قدم دمشق في سنة 71 في نصف صفر ثم خرج إلى صور وأقام بها نحو عشر سنين ثم قدم دمشق سنة 80 فأقام بها يحدث ويدرّس إلى أن مات، وكان فقيها فاضلا زاهدا عابدا ورعا أقام بدمشق ولم يقبل لأحد من أهلها صلة، وكان يقتات من غلة تحمل إليه من أرض كانت له بنابلس وكان يخبز له منها كل يوم قرص في جانب الكانون، وكان متقلّلا متزهدا عجيب الأمر في ذلك، وكان يقول: درست على الفقيه سليم من سنة 37 إلى سنة 40 ما فاتني فيها درس ولا إعادة ولا وجعت إلا يوما واحدا وعوفيت، وسئل كم في ضمن التعليقة التي صنّفها من جزء، فقال:
نحو ثلاثمائة جزء وما كتبت منها حرفا وأنا على غير وضوء، أو كما قال، وزاره تاج الدولة تتش بن ألب أرسلان يوما فلم يقم إليه وسأله عن أحلّ الأموال السلطانية فقال: أموال الجزية، فخرج من عنده وأرسل إليه بمبلغ من المال وقال له: هذا من مال الجزية، ففرّقه على الأصحاب ولم يقبله وقال: لا حاجة لنا إليه، فلما ذهب الرسول لامه الفقيه أبو الفتح نصر الله بن محمد وقال له: قد علمت حاجتنا إليه فلو كنت قبلته وفرّقته فينا، فقال: لا تجزع من فوته فلسوف يأتيك من الدنيا ما يكفيك فيما بعد، فكان كما تفرّس فيه، وذكر بعض أهل العلم قال: صحبت أبا المعالي الجويني بخراسان ثم قدمت العراق فصحبت الشيخ أبا إسحاق الشيرازي فكانت طريقته عندي أفضل من طريقة الجويني، ثم قدمت الشام فرأيت الفقيه أبا الفتح فكانت طريقته أحسن من طريقتهما جميعا، وتوفي الشيخ أبو الفتح يوم الثلاثاء التاسع من المحرم سنة 490 بدمشق ودفن بباب الصغير، ولم تر جنازة أوفر خلقا من جنازته، رحمة الله عليه، ومحمد بن طاهر بن علي بن أحمد أبو الفضل المقدسي الحافظ ويعرف بابن القيسراني، طاف في طلب الحديث وسمع بالشام وبمصر والعراق وخراسان والجبل وفارس، وسمع بمصر من الجبّاني وأبي الحسن الخلعي، قال: وسمعت أبا القاسم إسماعيل بن محمد بن الفضل الحافظ يقول: أحفظ من رائيّة محمد ابن طاهر ما هو هذا:
إلى كم أمنّي النفس بالقرب واللّقا ... بيوم إلى يوم وشهر إلى شهر؟
وحتّام لا أحظى بوصل أحبّتي ... وأشكو إليهم ما لقيت من الهجر؟
فلو كان قلبي من حديد أذابه ... فراقكم أو كان من صالب الصخر
ولمّا رأيت البين يزداد والنّوى ... تمثّلت بيتا قيل في سالف الدهر:
متى يستريح القلب، والقلب متعب، ... ببين على بين وهجر على هجر؟
قال الحافظ: سمعت أبا العلاء الحسن بن أحمد الهمذاني الحافظ ببغداد يذكر أن أبا الفضل ابتلي بهوى امرأة من أهل الرستاق كانت تسكن قرية على ستة فراسخ فكان يذهب كل ليلة فيرقبها فيراها تغزل في ضوء السراج ثم يرجع إلى همذان فكان يمشي كل يوم وليلة اثني عشر فرسخا، ومات ابن طاهر ودفن عند القبر الذي على جبلها يقال له قبر رابعة العدوية وليس هو بقبرها إنما قبرها بالبصرة وأما القبر الذي هناك فهو قبر رابعة زوجة أحمد بن أبي الحواري الكاتب وقد اشتبه على الناس.

ضفدع

Q. 1 ضَفْدَعَ, said of water, It had in it ضَفَادِع [or frogs]. (O, K.) A2: And, said of a man, He shrank, or became contracted; syn. تَقَبَّضَ: or he voided his excrement, or ordure; or thin excrement; syn. سَلَحَ: or he emitted wind from the anus, with a sound. (TA.) ضِفْدِعٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ضَفْدَعٌ and ضُفْدَعٌ (K) and ضِفْدَعٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) this last said by some, (S, O, Msb,) but most rare, or rejected, (K,) disallowed by Kh and a number of others, (Msb,) [for] accord. to Kh [and others] there are only four words of the measure فِعْلَلٌ in the language, which are دِرْهَمٌ and هِجْرَعٌ and هِبْلَعٌ and the proper name قِلْعَمٌ, (S, O,) [The frog; and app. also the water-toad;] a certain reptile (دَابَّة) of the rivers, (K, TA,) generated in the river, (TA,) the flesh of which, cooked with oliveoil, is [said to be] an antidote to the poison of venomous creatures, (K, TA,) when put upon the place of the sting, or bite: (TA:) and [a certain reptile] of the land, (K, TA,) [app. the landtoad,] that lives, or grows, in caverns and caves, (TA,) the fat of which is [said to be] wonderful for the extraction of teeth (K, TA) without fatigue, and of the skin of which, tanned, the skull-cap that renders invisible (طَاقِيَّةُ الإِخْفَآءِ [a vulgar term]) is made, as is said by the performers of legerdemain; and the flesh of this species is said to be poisonous: (TA;) the fem., (S, O, Msb,) or the n. un., (K,) is with ة: and the pl. is ضَفَادِعُ (S, O, Msb, K) [and ضَفَادٍ; in the Msb and K, ضَفَادِى; in the O, correctly, الضَّفَادِى is said to be a var. of الضَّفَادِعُ, like الثَّعَالِى and الأَرَانِى of الثَّعَالِبُ and الأَرَانِبُ]. b2: نَقَّتْ ضَفَادِعُ بَطْنِهِ [lit. The frogs of his belly croaked] means (assumed tropical:) he was, or became, hungry; (O, K;) like نَقَّتْ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِهِ. (O.) b3: الضِّفْدِعُ الأَوَّلُ is a name of (assumed tropical:) The bright star α] on the mouth of Piscis Australis; (Kzw, Descr. of Aquarius;) also called فَمُ الحُوتِ: (Idem, Descr. of Piscis Australis:) and الضِّفْدِعُ الثَّانِى is the name of (assumed tropical:) The star on the southern fork of the tail of Cetus. (Idem.) b4: And الضِّفْدِعُ, (O, K,) thus only, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A certain bone [or horny substance, which we, in like manner, call “ the frog,”] in the interior of the horse's hoof, (O, K,) in the sole thereof. (O.) [See also نَسْرٌ.]

مُضَفْدِعَاتٌ Waters abounding with ضَفَادِع [or frogs]. (S, O.)

فور

1 فَارَ, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ said of water; (Msb;) and فَارَتْ, aor. ـُ said of a قِدْر [or cooking-pot]; (T, S;) inf. n. فَوْرٌ and فَوَرَانٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) [the latter of which is the more common] and فُؤُورٌ (M, K) and فُوَارٌ; (M, TA;) It boiled, or estuated. (T, S, M, Msb, K.) b2: [فار said of a liquor, It fermented. (See نَبِيذٌ.) b3: Said of blood, and of wine, It flushed, or mantled, in the cheeks or head.] b4: فارت نَفْسُهُ His soul [or stomach] heaved; or became agitated by a tendency to vomit; i. q. ثارت [q. v.]. (T in art. ثور.) b5: ↓ فار فَائِرُهُ i. q. ثار ثَائِرُهُ (T, S, K) His anger boiled [or became roused or excited]; (S;) or he was, or became, angry. (TA.) b6: [And ↓ the same phrase is expl. in the M, accord. to the transcript in the TT, as signifying اِنْتَشَرَ غَضَبُهُ; but I think that the right reading is evidently عَصَبُهُ; and the meaning, His sinews became swollen; said of a horse or the like: see art. نشر; and see also فَائِرٌ, below.] b7: فار العِرْقُ, inf. n. فَوَرَانٌ, The vein became excited, or in a state of commotion, and flowed forth [with blood]: (M, K, TA:) to which is added in the K, وَضَرَبَ; but this is a mistake, occasioned by a false reading of the next words in the M, which are وَضَرْبٌ فَوَّارٌ رَغِيبٌ وَاسِعٌ. (TA. [See فَوَّارٌ.]) b8: فَوْرُ العِرْقِ, in a horse means The vein's having inflations, or knots, [or a varicose condition,] apparent in it; which is disapproved. (ISk, TA.) b9: فار said of water signifies also It welled, and came forth, from the earth, or ground: (Mgh:) it appeared, pouring forth, from the spring, or source. (TA.) b10: فاروا is said of men assembled in market-places [app. as meaning They bustled, or were in a state of commotion]. (TA.) b11: فار المِسْكُ, inf. n. فُوَارٌ and فَوَرَانٌ, [The odour of] the musk spread. (M, K.) A2: فُرْتُهُ: see 4.

A3: Also (فُرْتُهُ) I made for it, i. e. the balance, what are termed فِيَارَانِ [dual of فِيَارٌ, q. v.]. (Th, M, K.) 2 فوّر لِلنُّفَسَآءِ He made what is termed فِيرَة [q. v.] for the woman in the state following childbirth. (M, K.) 4 أَفَرْتُهُ and ↓ فُرْتُهُ I made it to boil, or estuate. (IAar, M, K.) الفَارُ The muscles of a man: (M, K:) also mentioned in art. فأرِ, as written with ء. (TA.) أَبْرِزْ نَارَكَ وَإِنْ هَزَلْتَ فَارَكَ [Put forth thy fire, that passengers may see it and be attracted by it, though thou make lean thy muscles,] is a saying meaning (assumed tropical:) give food though thou injure thy body [by doing so]. (M, L.) A2: See also فَأْرٌ (with which it is syn. in other senses), in art. فأر.

فَوْرٌ [originally an inf. n.: see 1.] The burning, or heat, and boiling, of Hell. (TA.) And Intenseness, or vehemence, of heat; (TA;) as also ↓ فَوْرَةٌ. (S.) b2: فَوْرُ الشَّفَقِ The remains of the redness in the western horizon after sunset: as also ثَوْرُهُ. (TA.) [See also فَوْرَةٌ.]

A2: And A time: (TA:) [or rather] the present time in which is no delaying. (Msb.) Thus in the saying, الشُّفْعَةُ عَلَى الفَوْرِ [The right of pre-emption is to be had] in the present time in which is no delaying. (Msb.) b2: And hence, A state in which is no delay. (Msb.) You say, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فِى حَاجَتِهِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ مِنْ فَوْرِهِ [Such a one came for the object of his want,] then returned immediately, or at once: or, as some say, with the same motion with which he came, not ceasing from motion after it; properly, conjoining what was before the coming with what was after it, without tarrying. (Msb.) and أَتَوْا مِنْ فَوْرِهِمْ, meaning مِنْ وَجْهِهِمْ [i. e., app., They came in a headlong manner; like the phrase مَضَى عَلَى وَجْهِهِ]; (M, K, TA; but the M has جَاؤُوا instead of أَتَوْا;) and this is said by Zj to be the meaning of مِنْ فَوْرِهِمْ in the Kur iii. 121: (M, TA:) or قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْكُنُوا [before their resting, or ceasing from motion]: (K, TA:) or مِنْ فَوْرِهِمْ in the Kur ubi suprà means in the commencement of their procedure: (O:) or in, or at, their instant of time; (Ksh, Bd;) i. e. [in, or at, the same instant, or] immediately: (Bd:) and أَتَيْتُ فُلَانًا مِنْ فَوْرِى, meaning قَبْلَ أَنْ أَسْكُنَ [i. e. I came to such a one before my resting, or ceasing from motion]. (S, O.) And you say, فَعَلْتُهُ مِنْ فَوْرِى, meaning I did it at once, or instantly. (T, TA.) فُورٌ Gazelles: (T, S, M, K:) a word having no sing.; (T, S, M, TA;) accord. to IAar and Yaakoob: (TA:) or its sing. is ↓ فَائِرٌ; (M, K, TA;) accord. to Kr. (TA.) One says, لَا أَفْعَلُ كَذَا مَا لَأْلَأَتِ الفُورُ I will not do such a thing while the gazelles wag their tails. (IAar, T, S.) فَارَةٌ المِسْكِ The odour of musk: or the bag, or receptacle, [i. e. the follicle, or vesicle,] thereof: (M, L:) [Sgh says that] this and what next follows have been mentioned in art. فأر, [q. v.,] but should more properly be mentioned in the present art., both being from فَارَ, aor. ـُ (O.) b2: فَارَةُ الإِبِلِ means The sweet exhalation from the skins of the camels when they are moist after returning from the water. (M, K.) فَوْرَةٌ: see فَوْرٌ: b2: and فُوَارَةٌ. b3: Also An ebullition of anger, rage, or passion; syn. هَائِجٌ. (S and K in art. هيج.) b4: And Freshness, or newness: so in the saying أَخَذْتُ الشَّىْءَ بِفَوْرَتِهِ [I took the thing in its fresh, or new, state]. (TA.) b5: [And hence,] فَوْرَةُ النَّهَارِ The first part, or beginning, of the day. (T, TA.) And فَوْرَةُ العِشَآءِ The time [next] after the عِشَآء [or nightfall]. (S, TA.) b6: فَوْرَةُ النَّاسِ The place where people congregate, and where they bustle, or are in a state of commotion, (يَفُورُونَ,) in their market-places. (TA.) b7: فَوْرَةُ الجَبَلِ The higher, or highest, part; and the elevated and hard, or elevated and plain or level, part; of the mountain. (K.) فُورَةٌ i. q. فُؤْرَةٌ [expl. in art. فأر] meaning A certain flatus in the pastern of a horse [&c.]. (O, K.) b2: And i. q. كُوفَةٌ [A round piece, or collection, of red sand; or a piece, or collection, of sand mixed with pebbles; &c.]. (Kr, M, K.) فِيرَةٌ Fenugreek (حُلْبَةٌ) mixed [in the manner described voce فَئِيرَةٌ (q. v.) in art. فأر] for the woman in the state following childbirth. (M, K.) فِيَارٌ sing. of فِيَارَانِ, (T,) which signifies The two things (T, S, M, O, K) of iron (M, K) between which is the tongue of the balance: (T, S, M, O, K:) originally with و in the place of the ى, (M, O,) changed into ى because of the kesreh before it. (O.) فُوَارَةٌ The froth, or foam, that boils, or boils over, of a cooking-pot: (S and K in this art. * and voce طُبَاخَةٌ:) and ↓ مَفَاوِرُ signifies the same, mentioned by Ibn-'Abbád. (O.) And [in like manner] ↓ فَوْرَةٌ signifies The mantling foam upon the surface of wine. (TA.) فَوَّارٌ [an intensive epithet from فَارَ; signifying Boiling much; &c.: b2: and Water, &c., welling forth abundantly; gushing]. b3: [Hence,] ضَرْبٌ فَوَّارٌ A smiting [that inflicts a wound] such as is wide, (IAar, M, TA,) so that the blood flows [abundantly]: (M:) a poet says, بِضَرْبٍ يُخَفِّتُ فَوَّارُهُ وَطَعْنٍ تَرَى الدَّمَ مِنْهُ رَشِيشًا

إِذَا قَتَلُوا مِنْكُمُ فَارِسًا ضَمِنَّا لَهُ بَعْدَهُ أَنْ يَعِيشَا (IAar, M, TA. [The text of the M as given in the TT, for تَرَى الدَّمَ, has يُرى الدم; and for أَنْ يَعِيشَا, it has او يعيشا: and the right reading of the first hemistich seems to be, بِضَرْبٍ تُخَفِّتُ فَوَّارَةٍ; for an inf. n. is sometimes made fem.: see an instance of ضَرْب as fem. in the EM p. 157: the poet means, With a smiting that silences, or kills, inflicting a wide and gushing wound; and a piercing with the spear in consequence of which thou seest the blood sprinkled: when they slay a horseman of you, we are responsible for him after it that he shall live: i. e., as is said in the M, his blood shall be revenged, so that he will be as though he had not been slain: and it is also there said that by يخفّت فوّاره is meant لنها واسعة فدمها يسيل ولا صوت له; in which the two fem. pronouns and the fem. epithet all relate to the word ضَرْب, agreeably with what I have stated to be in my opinion the right reading of the first hemistich.]) فَيُّورٌ Sharp, as an epithet applied to a man; syn. حَدِيدٌ. (O, K.) See also طَيُّورٌ.

فَوَّارَةٌ, (accord. to the K,) or ↓ فُوَّارَةٌ, (accord. to a copy of the M,) A source, or spring, of water: (M, K:) [the latter word is app. the right in this case; for] IAar says that ↓ فُوَّارَةٌ is applied to a wave: and to a بِرْكَة [i. e. watering-trough, or the like; or basin, pool, pond; &c.]: and فَوَّارَةٌ, to anything that is not water: and in one place he says that دَوَّارَةٌ and فَوَّارَةٌ are applied to anything that does not move nor turn round; and دُوَّارَةٌ and ↓ فُوَّارَةٌ to such as moves and turns round. (T, TA.) b2: فَوَّارَةُ الوَرِكِ, with fet-h and teshdeed, signifies The hole, or perforating aperture, of the ورك [or haunch]: (S, O:) or the فَوَّارَة, (K,) or ↓ فُوَّارَة, (so in a copy of the M,) is an aperture in the وَرِك [or haunch], to the belly, or interior of the body, not obstructed by bone: (M, K:) [these two explanations plainly apply to the sacroischiatic foramen: but what here follows is consistent with what precedes, though somewhat less clear:] or the فَوَّارَتَانِ, (K,) or ↓ فُوَّارَتَانِ, (accord. to a copy of the M,) are [two parts, in the region of the pelvis, described as being] سِكَّتَانِ [a word which I do not find to have any proper meaning that would be here apposite, but which seems to be applied in this case, by a kind of catachresis, to two parts through which a weapon or the like may pass,] between [each of] the haunch-bones or hip-bones (بَيْنَ الوَرِكَيْنِ) and the قُحْقُح [or ischium], towards the side of the وَرِك [or hip-bone], (M, K,) not intervening as obstacles in the way to the belly, or interior of the body; and they are what become in a state of commotion in the act of walking, or going along. (M.) [See also الفَائِلُ, in art. فيل] And accord. to Lth, the term فَوَّارَتَانِ, (O, and so in a copy of the T,) or ↓ فُوَّارَتَانِ, (so in another copy of the T,) is applied to Two appertenances of the كَرِش [or stomach, properly of a ruminant animal], having within them two small nodous lumps (غُدَّتَانِ), which latter are not eaten, and each of which is a piece of flesh in the midst of red flesh. (T, O.) فُوَّارَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in six places.

فَائِرٌ [part. n. of 1: b2: hence, فَارَ فَائِرُهُ]: see 1, in two places. b3: Applied to a beast, of the equine and other kinds, Swollen in the sinews; syn. مُنْتَشِرُ العَصَبِ. (K. [In the TA, this is said to be a mistake for منتشر الغَضَبِ, and thus I find it to be written in the L, and in a copy of the M accord. to the TT: but see what I have said, in the first paragraph of this art., respecting the phrase above mentioned.]) A2: See also فُورٌ.

مَفَاوِرُ: see فُوَارَةٌ.

فور
. {فارَ الشَّيْءُ} فَوْراً، بالفَتْح، {وفُؤُوراً، بالضَّمِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ} فُوَاراً، كغُرَاب {وفَوَرَاناً، محرَّكةً: جاشَ.
} وفُرْتُه! وأَفْرَتُه، مُتَعَدِّيانِ عَن ابْن الأَعرابيّ. {وفارَت القِدْرُ} تَفُورُ {فَوْراً} وفَوَرَاناً، إِذا غَلَتْ، وفارَ العِرْقُ {فَوَرَاناً، محرَّكَة: هَاجَ ونَبَعَ. وقولُه: ضَرَبَ وَهَمٌ من المصَنِّف، حَيْثُ عَطَفَه على مَا تَقدَّم، وإِنّمَا غَرَّه نَصُّ المُحكم، فإِنّه قَالَ بعد نَبَع: وضَرْبٌ} فَوّار: رَغيبٌ واسعٌ. فظَنَّ المصنّف أَنّه معطوفٌ على مَا قَبْلَه، فتَأَمَّلْ {وفارَ المِسْك} يَفُورُ {فُوَاراً بالضَّمّ،} وفَوَرَاناً محرّكَةً: انْتَشَرَ.
{وفَارَتُه: رائحَتُهُ. وقِيل: وِعَاؤُهُ. وأَمّا فأْرَةُ المِسْكِ، بالهَمْز، فقد تَقَدَّم ذِكرُها فِي ف أر.} وفارةُ الإِبِلِ: فَوْحُ جُلُودِهَا إِذا نَدِيَتْ بعدَ الوِرْد قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
(لَها {فَارَةٌ ذَفْراءُ كُلَّ عَشِيَّةٍ ... كَمَا فَتَقَ الكافُورَ بالمِسْكِ فاتِقُهْ)
قَالَ الصاغانيّ: وفَارَةُ المِسْكِ وفَارَةُ الإِبِل، مَوْضِعُ ذِكْرِهما هَذَا التَرْكِيبُ. والمُصَنّف قد فَرَّق بَيْنَهما، فذَكَرَ فارَةَ المِسْك فِي الهَمْزِ، وفَارَةَ الإِبِلِ هُنَا، وكأَنّه لِمُنَاسَبَةِ أَنَّ الثانِيَ من} الفَوَرانِ قَطْعاً، وأَما الأَوّل فاختُلِفَ فِيهِ: فَقيل: إِنّ الحَيَوانَ الّذي نُسِبَ إِليه المِسْكُ على صُورَةِ الفَأْرَةِ، وَهُوَ مهموزٌ، فوَجَبَ إِيرادُه هُناك بهذِهِ المُنَاسَبَة. وَقد قَدَّمْنا ذِكْرَ فَارَةِ الإِبل هُناك فِي المُسْتَدْرَكات، فراجِعْه. {والفَائِرُ: المُنْتَشِرُ العَصَبِ، هَكَذَا فِي النُّسخ بالعَيْن والصادِ المُهْمَلَتين، وَهُوَ وَهَمٌ، والصَّواب: الغَضَب من الدَّوابِّ وغَيْرِهَا، كَمَا فِي اللّسان وَغَيره. ويُقَالُ: أَتَوْا من فَوْرِهِم، أَي مِنْ وَجْهِهم، وَبِه فَسَّرَ الزَّجّاجُ قولَه تَعَالَى: وَيَأْتُوكُمْ مِنْ} فَوْرِهِمْ هذَا. أَو قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْكُنُوا، وَمِنْه قولُهم: ذَهَبْتُ فِي حاجَة ثمَّ أَتَيْتُ فلَانا من {- فَوْرِي، أَي قَبْلَ أَنْ أَسْكُنَ.} وفَوْرَةُ الجَبَلِ: سَرَاتُه ومَتْنُه، قَالَ الراعِي: (فأَطْلَعَتْ {فَوْرَةَ الآجامِ جافِلَةً ... لَمْ تَدْرِ أَنَّى أَتَاهَا أَوَّلُ الذُعُرِ)
وأَبُو فَوْرَةَ جُدَيْرَةُ السُّلَمِىّ، وَفِي بعض النُّسَخ جُدَيْرٌ، بِغَيْر هاءٍ، وكِلاهُمَا بالجِيم. وَفِي التكملة حُدَيْرٌ، كزُبَيْر، بالمُهْمَلة.} والفَارُ: عَضَلُ الإِنْسَانِ، وَحَكَاهُ كُرَاع بالهَمْز، وَهَكَذَا ذكره الصاغانيّ فِي الهَمْز، وغَلطَ المصنِّف فذكَرَه فِي ف ت ر، وَقد نَبَّهْنا عَلَيْهِ هُنالك. وَمن كَلَامهم: بَرِّزْ نارَك، وإِنْ هَزَلْتَ {فارَك، أَي أَطْعِم الطَّعَامَ وإِن أَضْرَرْتَ ببَدنِك.} والفَوّارَتانِ: سِكَّتانِ بَيْنَ الوَرِكَيْنِ والقُحْقُحِ إِلى عُرْضِ الوَرِكِ لَا تَحُولانِ دُونَ الجَوْفِ، وهما اللَّتَانِ {تَفُورانِ فتَتحرَّكَانِ إِذَا مَشَى، أَو} الفَوّارَةُ: خَرْقٌ فِي الوَرِكِ إِلى الجَوْف لَا يَحْجُبُه عَظْمٌ. وَفِي الصّحاح: {فَوّارَةُ الوَرِك: ثَقْبُهَا. وَفِي التّكْمِلَة واللّسَان: قَالَ اللّيْث: لِلْكَرِش} فَوّارَتانِ، وَفِي باطِنِهما غُدَّتانِ من كُلّ ذِي لَحْم، ويَزْعُمُون أَنّ ماءَ الرَّجُل يَقَعُ فِي الكُلْيَةِ ثمّ فِي الفَوّارَة، ثمَّ الخُصْيَة، وتِلْك الغُدّة لَا تُؤْكَلُ، وَهِي لَحْمَةٌ فِي جوفِ لَحْمٍ أَحْمَر. انتَهى. وَلَكِن ضَبَطَ الصاغانيُّ فُوّارَتانِ، بالضَّمّ. والفَوّارَةُ: مَنْبَعُ الماءِ، قَالَ ابنُ الأَعْرَابِيّ: يُقال للمَوْجَةِ والبِرْكَة: فَوّارَةٌ، وكُلُّ مَا كانَ غَيْرَ الماءِ قيل لَهُ: فَوّارَة.
وَقَالَ فِي موضِعٍ آخَر: يُقال دَوّارَةٌ {وفَوّارَةٌ، لِكُلّ مَا لم يَتَحَرَّك وَلم يَدُرْ، فإِذا تَحَرَّكَ ودارَ فهِي دُوّارَةٌ وفُوّارَةٌ. والفَوَّارَةُ: ة بجَنْبِ الظَّهْرَانِ نَقله الصاغانيّ. (و) } الفُوَارَةُ بالضَّمّ والتَّخْفِيفِ: مَا يَفُورُ من حَرِّ القِدْرِ، كَذَا فِي الصِّحَاح. {والفِيرَةُ، بِالكَسْرِ: الحُلْبَةُ تُخْلَط للنُّفَسَاءِ. وَقد} فَوَّرَ لَهَا {تَفْوِيراً، إِذا عَمِلَهَا لَهَا، وَقد تَقَدَّم ذَلِك فِي الهَمْز.} وفِيرَة، بِلَا لامٍ: جَدُّ والدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بنِ مُحَمّد بن حُسَيْنِ بنِ فِيرَةَ الأَصْبَهَانيّ المُحَدِّث رَوَى عَن الحُسَيْن بن القاسِمِ الأَصْبَهَانِيّ، وهنَّاد بنِ السَّرِيّ وغَيْرِهما. وبِضَمّ الراءِ المُشَدَّدَة: أَبُو القاسِم يُقَال: كُنَيْتُه اسْمُه، وَيُقَال: أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ القاسمُ بن فِيرةْ بنِ خَلف ابنِ أَحمدَ الرُّعَيْنيّ الشّاطِبيّ ناظِمُ القَصيدة المَعْرُوفَة. قَالَ القَسْطَلانِيُّ فِي الْفَتْح المَواهِبِيّ فِي مَناقِب الإِمَام الشاطِبي: إِنّ مَعْنَى {فِيرُّهْ: الحَديدُ. حَدّثَ عَن أَبي طَاهِر السِّلَفِيّ، وأَبي الحَسَنِ عليِّ بنِ هُذَيْلٍ، وأَبي مُحَمّد عاشِرِ بنِ محمّدِ ابنِ محمّد بن عاشرٍ، وأَبِي عَبْد اللهِ محمّدِ بنِ يُوسُفَ بنِ سَعادَةَ. وآخِرُ من يَرْوِى عَنهُ فِي الدُّنيا المُعِينُ أَبو الفَضْلِ عبدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَمَّد بن عبدِ الوارِثِ بنِ الأَزْرَقِ. وتُوفِّيَ جُمادَى الثَّانِيَة سنة عَن خَمْس وخَمْسِينَ سنة. قَالَ: وَقد شارَكَهُ فِي اسْمِ أَبِيه أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الصَّدَفِيّ، وَهُوَ الحُسَيْن بن محمّد بنِ فِيرُّهْ المَعْرُوفُ بابْنِ سُكَّرَةَ. قلتُ: ويُوسُفُ بنُ مُحَمّدِ بنِ فِيرُّهْ الأَنْصَاريّ المَغْرِبِي، عَن قَاضِي)
المُرُسْتانِ. ويُوسُفُ بنُ عبدِ العَزِيزِ بنِ يُوسُفَ بن فِيرُّهْ اللَّخْمِيّ الحافِظُ، مَعْرُوف، وآخَرُون من المَغَارِبَةِ. فَفِي كَلَام المُصَنِّف قُصُورٌ لَا يَخْفَى.} والفُورُ، بالضَّمّ: الظِّباءُ، لَا واحِدَ لَها من لَفْظِهَا هَذَا قولُ يَعْقُوبَ وابنِ الأَعْرَابِيّ، وَهُوَ اخْتِيَار الجَوْهريّ. وَقَالَ كُرَاع: هُوَ جَمْعُ! فَائِر، كبازل وبُزْل، وَلم يَقْصِدْ بِهِ الرَّدَّ على الجَوْهَرِيّ كَمَا فَهِمَه شَيْخُنَا تَقْلِيداً للبَدْرِ القَرَافِيّ. قَالَ ابنُ الأَعْرَابِيّ: لَا أَفْعَلُ ذَلِك مَا لأْلأَت الفُورُ بأَذْنَابِهَا: أَي بَصْبَصَتْ. ويُقَالُ الفائِرُ: ابنُ أَرْوَى.
(و) {الفُورَةُ، بهاءٍ، وَقد تُهْمَز: رِيحٌ تكون فِي رُسْغِ الفَرَسِ تَنْفَشُّ إِذا مُسِحَتْ وتَجْتَمِعُ إِذا تُرِكَتْ، قَالَه ابنُ دُرَيْد، وَقد تقدّم للمصنّف ذَلِك.} والفِيَارَانِ، بالكَسْرِ: حَدِيدَتَان تَكْتَنِفَانِ لِسَانَ المِيزَانِ. وَقد {فُرْتُه، عَن ثَعْلَب، قَالَ: ولَوْ لَمْ نَجِد الفِعْلَ لَقَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ بالوَاوِ كَذَا فِي الْمُحكم، أَي عَمِلْتُ لَهُ} فِيَارَيْنِ. وَقَالَ بعضُهم: {الفِيَارُ: أَحَدُ جانبَيْ حائِطِ لِسَانِ المِيَزانِ، ولِسَانُ المِيزَانِ: الحَدِيدَةُ الَّتِي يَكْتَنِفُهَا} الفِيَاراَنِ، والحَدِيدَةُ المُعْتَرِضَةُ الَّتِي فِيهَا اللِّسَانُ: المِنْجَمُ، والكِظَامَةُ: الحَلْقَةُ الَّتِي تَجْتَمِعُ فِيهَا الخُيوطُ فِي طَرَفَيِ الحَدِيدَةِ. ويُقَال: إِنّه {لَفَيُّورٌ كَعَيُّوقٍ: حَدِيدٌ، نَقله الصاغَانيّ.} وفَوْرٌ: ع باليَمَامَة، ويُضَمّ، والّذِي فِي التكملة: {والفَوْرُ. وَقيل: فُوْر. (و) } فوْرٌ، د، بساحِلِ بَحْرِ الهِنْدِ، مُعرَّب بُور، وَهُوَ اليَوْمَ بيَدِ النَّصَارى. {وفُورٌ، بالضَّمّ: اسْم جَمَاعَة من المُحَدِّثين، مِنْهُم: محمَّدُ بنُ الفَضْل ابنِ فُورٍ، عَن غُنْدُر، ومحمّدُ بنُ فُورِ بن عبدِ الله أَبو بَكْرٍ العامِرِيّ، سَمعَ يَحْيَى ابنَ يَحْيَى: وعليُّ بنُ محمّد بنِ أَحْمَدَ ابنِ عَلِيّ بنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ فُورٍ، سَمعَ عبدَ الرَّحْمنِ بَن بِشْرٍ.
ومحمّدُ بنُ فُورِ بنِ هانِئ القُرَشِيُّ الخُرَاسَانِيُّ. وأَبو سَعِيد محمّدُ بنُ الحُسَيْن بنِ موسَى بنِ مَحْمُويَه بنِ فُورِ بنِ عبدِ الله السِّمْسَارُ، عَن ابْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، وغَيْرُهم.} وفُورَانُ، بالضَّمّ: ة بهَمَذَانَ، بِالذَّالِ المُعْجَمَة محَرَّكَة هَكَذَا ضَبَطَه الصاغَانِيّ.! وفُورَانُ: اسْم جَمَاعَةٍ من المُحَدِّثين: مِنْهُم محمّد بنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابنِ فُورَانَ، سَمِعَ الذُّهْلِيّ. وَقَالَ الحافِظُ ابْن حَجَر: وفاؤُه قَرِيبَةٌ من الباءِ الموحَّدة. {وفُوفَارَةُ، بالضّمّ: ة بالسُّغْد، نَقَلَهُ الصاغَانيّ. ويُقَال للرَّجُل: فَارَ فَائرُهُ، إِذا غَضِبَ.
وثَارَ ثائِرُه، إِذا انْتَشَر غَضَبُه. وَلَا يَخْفَى لَوْ ذَكَرَه عِنْد الفائر فِي أَوّل المادةِ كانَ حَسَناً. وممّا يُسْتَدْرَك عَلَيْهِ: ضَرْبٌ} فَوّارٌ، ككَتَّانٍ: رَغِيبٌ واسعٌ عَن ابنِ الأَعْرَابيّ وأَنشد:
(بضَرْب يُخَفِّتُ {فَوّارُه ... وطَعْن تَرَى الدَمَ مِنْهُ رَشِيشَا)

(إِذا قَتَلُوا مِنْكُمُ فَارِساً ... ضَمِنّاً لَهُ خَلْفَهُ أَنْ يَعِيشَا)
} وفارَ الماءُ من العَيْنِ: ظَهَرَ مُتَدفِّقاً ورأَيتُه فِي {فَوْرَةِ النَّهَارِ، أَي فِي أَوَّلِه.} وفَوْرُ الحَرِّ: شِدَّتُه.)
وَفِي الحَدِيث إِنَّ شِدَّةَ الحَرِّ من فَوْرِ جَهَنَّمَ، أَي وَهَجِها وغَلَيانِهَا. {وفَوْرَةُ العِشَاءِ: بَعْدَهُ. وقولُهم: مَا لَمْ يَسْقُط} فَوْرُ الشَّفَقِ هُوَ بَقِيةُ حُمْرَةِ الشَّمْس فِي الأُفُق الغَرْبيّ، سُمِّيَ فَوْراً لسُطُوعِه وحُمْرَتِه.
ويُرْوَى بالثاءِ، وَقد تَقَدّم. {وفَوْرَةُ الناسِ: مُجْتَمَعُهم وحَيْثُ يَفُورُون فِي أَسْوَاقِهِم.} وفَوْرُ العِرْقُ فِي الفَرَسِ: هُوَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ بِهِ نَفْخٌ أَو عَقْدٌ، وَهُوَ مَكْرُوهٌ، قَالَه ابنُ السِّكّيت. وشَرِبَ {فَوْرَةَ العُقارِ: وَهِي طُفَاوَتُهَا وَمَا فارَ مِنْهَا. وأَخَذْتُ الشيءَ} بفَوْرَتِه، أَي بحَدَاثَتِه. وَيُقَال: فَعَلْتُ أَمْرَ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنْ {- فَوْرِى، أَي من ساعَتِي.} والفوْرُ: الوَقْتُ. {والفُوْرَةُ: الكُوفَة عَن كُرَاع.} وفارُويَهْ: سِكَّةٌ بنَيْسَابُور. وإِلَيْهَا نُسِبَ أَبُو الحُسَيْنِِ مُحَمّد بنُ حُسَيْنِ بنِ يَعْقُوبَ بن ناصِحٍ النَّحْوِيّ {- الفَارُوييّ أَخَذَ عَن المُبَرّدِ وثَعْلَب.} وفَارُو: من عَمَلٍ نَسَفَ، مِنْهَا أَحمدُ بنُ عَليّ بنِ محمّدِ بنِ العَبّاسِ الأَنصارِيّ الفارُويِيّ، عَن أَبِي طاهِرِ بن مَحْمِش وغَيْرِهِ، وعَنْهُ عبدُ العَزِيزِ النَّخْشَبِيُّ. وأَبُو سَوْرَةَ هُمَيْمُ بن فائِدِ بن هُمَيْمٍ البَلْخِيُّ {- الفُورِيُّ، عَن عَلِيِّ بنِ خَشْرَمٍ. وأَبو سَعِيد محمّدُ بنُ الحُسين بن مُوسَى بن فُورٍ السِّمسارُ الفُورِيّ، سَمِعَ أَبا بَكْرِ بنَ خُزَيْمَةَ. وأَبُو الحَسَنِ عليُّ بنُ محمّد بن أَحْمَد ابْن فُورٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيّ، عَن أَبي حاتِم الرازِيّ. وخَطّابُ بنُ عُثْمَانَ الفُورِيُّ. وأَبو القاسِمِ} - الفُورانِيّ شيخُ الشافِعِيَّة، مُحَدِّثانِ. وَفِي الحَدِيث ذِكْر جِبَال! فارانَ، وَهُوَ اسْمٌ لِجبالِ مَكَّةَ بالعِبْرانِيّ، لَهُ ذِكْر فِي أَعْلام النُبُوَّة، وأَلِفُه الأُولَى لَيْسَت بهَمْزَة قَالَه ابنُ الأَثِيرِ.

سرط

1 سَرِطَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سَرَطٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سَرَطَانٌ; (M, K;) and سَرَطَهُ; (Sgh, K;) but the former is the more chaste, and is the form commonly known, and the latter is by some disallowed; (TA;) He swallowed it: (S, M, Msb, K:) or, as in some of the copies of the S, without chewing: or, accord. to the A, by little and little: (TA:) and ↓ استرطهُ signifies the same; (S, M, Msb, K;) and so ↓ تسرّطهُ: (As, K:) and in like manner, زَرِدَهُ and ازدردهُ (TA) [and تزرّدهُ]. It is said in a prov., لَا تَكُنْ حُلْوًا فَتُسْرَطَ وَلَا مُرًّا فَتُعْقَى

Be not thou sweet, so that thou shouldest be swallowed; nor bitter, so that thou shouldest be put out of the mouth because of thy bitterness: (S, TA:) or, accord. to one relation, فَتُعْقِىَ, i. e., so that thou shouldest be disliked for being very bitter: used in enjoining the taking of a middle course of conduct: so in the O. (TA.) 4 أَسْرَطْتُهُ ذِرَاعِى I put my fore arm upon his throat [from behind him], to strangle him, or throttle him. (TA in art. ذرع.) 5 تَسَرَّطَ see 1.7 انسرط فِى حَلْقِهِ It (a thing, M) passed easily in his throat. (M, K.) 8 إِسْتَرَطَ see 1.

Q. Q. 1 سَرْطَمَ: see art. سرطم.

سُرَطٌ A man that swallows quickly; (Ibn-'Abbád, O;) as also ↓ سُرَطَةٌ (Ibn-'Abbád, O) and ↓ سُرَطْرِطٌ: (O:) or ↓ سَرَطْرَطٌ (so accord. to the TA) and ↓ مِسْرَطٌ and ↓ سَرَّاطٌ a man that eats quickly: (TA:) or the first, and ↓ سَرَطَانٌ and ↓ سِرْطِيطٌ, (M, K,) a man (M) that swallows well, (M,) or largely. (K.) [See also سُرَاطِىٌّ.] b2: Also, and ↓ سَرَطَانٌ, (M, K,) (tropical:) A horse (M, TA) that runs vehemently. (M, * K, TA.) [See again سُرَاطِىٌّ.]

سُرَطَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سِرْطِمٌ and سَرْطَمٌ: see سُرَاطِىٌّ, in three places. b2: Hence, (M,) the former also signifies (assumed tropical:) An eloquent speaker; (M, K;) as also ↓ سَرَطَانٌ. (TA.) [See also art. سرطم.]

سَرَطَانٌ: see سُرَطٌ, in two places: and سُرَّيْطَى: and سِرْطِمٌ.

A2: Also [The crab;] a certain aquatic creature; (S) a certain animal of the sea; (Msb;) a certain creeping thing (دَابَّة), of aquatic creatures; (M;) a certain fluvial creeping thing (دابّة); and also a marine kind, which is an animal that becomes hard like stone: the former kind is of much utility; the quantity of three مَثَاقِيل of its ashes, when burnt in a cooking-pot of copper (نُحَاسٍ أَحْمَرَ [for the latter of which words we find in the CK خُمِّرَ]), with water or wine, or with half its weight of gentian (جِنْطِيَانَا), is very good against the bite of the mad dog; if its eye be hung upon a person affected with a tertian fever, he is cured; and if its leg be hung upon a tree, its fruit falls spontaneously: (K:) this is [said of] the سرطان that is bred in rivers: (TA:) of the marine kind, what is burnt is an ingredient in collyriums, (K,) for removing whiteness, (TA,) and in dentifrices (سَنُونَات, so in copies of the K and in the TA [but in the CK, erroneously, سُفُوفَات]), and strengthens the gum: (TA:) pl. سَرَطَانَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: السَّرَطَانُ is also the name of (assumed tropical:) A certain sign of the Zodiac; (S, M, K;) [Cancer;] the fourth sign; so called because resembling the creature above mentioned in form. (TA.) b3: [The disease called cancer;] a black-biliary tumour, which begins like an almond, and smaller, and when it becomes large, there appear upon it veins, red and green, resembling the legs of the سَرَطَان: there is no hope for its cure; and it is treated medicinally only in order that it may not increase: (K:) a certain disease that attacks men and beasts: (M:) it is also (K) a certain disease in the pastern of a beast, rendering it hard, or rigid, so that the animal inverts his hoof: (S, K:) a certain disease that appears in the legs of beasts: (T, TA:) some say that it is a disease which affects a man in his fauces, having relation to the blood, and resembling the دُبَيْلَة [which is explained by ISh, in describing the disease termed ذَاتُ الجَنْبِ, as an ulcer that perforates the belly]: and some say, that it is [the disease called] دَآءُ الفِيلِ. (TA.) سِرْطِيطٌ: see سُرَطْ.

سُرَطْرِطٌ or سَرَطْرَطٌ: see سُرَطٌ.

سِرِطْرَاطٌ (Lth, Lh, S, M, K) and سَرَطْرَاطٌ, (Lth, M, K,) the former said by Az to be a good form, like جِلِبَّابٌ and سِجِلَّاطٌ, but the latter to be the only instance of its form known to him, (TA,) and ↓ سُرَيْطٌ, like زُبَيْرٌ, (accord. to the K,) or ↓ سُرَّيْطٌ, (as in the M,) like قُبَّيْطٌ, (TA, [in which this is said to be the right form,]) [The kind of sweet food called] فَالُوذٌ, [Lh, S, M, K,) or فَالُوذَجٌ; (as in some copies of the K and in the TA;) so called because very delicious to eat and swallow, from سَرَطٌ signifying the “ act of swallowing; ” (Az, TA;) of the dial. of Syria: (Lh, M:) or [the kind of sweet food called] خَبِيصٌ. (M, K.) سُرَاطٌ: see سُرَاطِىٌّ.

سِرَاطٌ A road, or way: (Msb:) or a conspicuous road or way; (M, K;) so called because he who goes away on it disappears like food that is swallowed; (K) i. q. صِرَاطٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) which is of the dial. of the early Kureysh, (Fr,) and is the more approved, on account of the mutual resemblance [of the ص and ط], (M, K,) though the former is the original; (M, Msb, K;) and زِرَاطٌ; for the saying that the pronunciation with the pure ز is a mistake, is [itself] a mistake: (K:) [ISd says,] As mentions the reading الزِّرَاط, with the pure ز; but this is a mistake; for he only heard the resemblance, and imagined it to be ز; and As was not a grammarian, that he should be trusted in this matter: (M:) this is [itself, however,] a mistake; for AA is related to have read الزّراط, and the same is related of Hamzeh, by Ks. (TA.) One says also, هُوَ فِى

دِينِهِ عَلَى سِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (tropical:) [He is, in respect of his religion, on, or in, a right way]. (TA.) [It is fem. as well as masc.: see زُقَاقٌ.]

سِرْوَطٌ: see سُرَاطِىٌّ.

سُرَيْطٌ: see سِرِطْرَاطٌ: b2: and سُرَّيْطَى.

سُرَيْطَى: see سُرَيْطَآءُ: b2: and سُرَّيْطَى.

سُرَاطِىٌّ A great eater; (K;) as also ↓ سِرْوَاطٌ (Seer, M, K,) and ↓ سِرْطِمٌ: (K:) or one who swallows everything; as also ↓ سِرْوَاطٌ (M) and ↓ سِرْطِمٌ and ↓ سَرْطَمٌ; (Lh, M;) from الاِسْتِرَاطُ; the م, accord. to IJ, being augmentative; (M;) and so ↓ سِرْوَطٌ. (TA.) [See also سُرَطٌ.] b2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سُرَاطٌ, (M, K,) (tropical:) A sword that cuts (S, K, TA) much, or well; (K, TA;) that passes into the object that is struck with it; (M, TA;) that goes quickly into the flesh. (Ibn-Habeeb, O, in explanation of the former word.) b3: سُرَاطِىُّ الجَرْىِ (tropical:) A horse that runs vehemently. (K, TA.) [See again سُرَطٌ.]

سُرَيْطَآءُ, (JM, M, K, TA,) or ↓ سُرَيْطَى, (L,) A kind of soup, or food that is supped, (JM, M, K, TA,) like خَزِيرَة [q. v.]; (JM, M, TA;) in the K, erroneously, like حَرِيرَة: (TA:) or resembling خَزِيرَة. (L in explanation of the latter word.) b2: See also سُرَّيْطَى.

سِرْوَاطٌ: see سُرَاطِىٌّ, in two places.

سَرَّاطٌ: see سُرَطٌ.

سُرَّيْطٌ: see سِرِطْرَاطٌ: b2: and see also the paragraph here following.

سُرَّيْطَى a word occurring in the following prov.: الأَخْذُ سُرَّيْطَى وَالقَضَآءُ ضُرَّيْطَى, (S, K,) or ↓ سُرَيْطَى and ضُرَيْطَى, (so in a copy of the M, without teshdeed,) and one says also ↓ سِرِّيطَى and ضِرِّيطَى, (O, K,) and ↓ سُرَيْطَآءُ and ضُرَيْطَآءُ, (O, K, TA, in the CK سُرَيْطا and ضُرَّيْطٌ,) and ↓ سُرَيْطٌ and ضُرَيْطٌ, (K, and so in a copy of the S,) each like زُبَيُرٌ, (TA,) or ↓ سُرَّيْطٌ and ضُرَّيْطٌ, (so in another copy of the S,) or both, (M,) [Taking, or receiving, is a swallowing, and paying is a making with the mouth a sound like that of the emission of wind from the anus; i. e.] one takes, or receives, a loan, or the like, (S, M, O, K,) and swallows it, (M, O, K,) and when payment is demanded of him he makes with his mouth a sound like that of the emission of wind from the anus: (S, M, O, K, TA:) meaning that taking, or receiving, is liked, and paying is disliked: (TA:) and ↓ الأَخْذُ سَرَطَانٌ, (O, K,) or, as some relate it, سَلَجَانٌ, (O,) وَالقَضَآءُ لَيَّانٌ. (O, K. [See 1 in art. سلج.]) سِرِّيطَى: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَسْرَطٌ and ↓ مِسْرَطٌ The gullet: (M, K:) also written with ص. (M.) مِسْرَطٌ: see what next precedes: b2: and see also سُرَطٌ.