سمو: سما: يتصرف مثل مرادفه علا (معجم مسلم) سما على فلان: فاقه وتغلب عليه (كرتاس ص18) سَمَّى (بالتشديد): اسمى، جعل له اسماً يقال: سماه وسمّى له، ففي كتاب عبد الواحد (ص172) رسالة سَمَّى لها رسالة حي بن يقظان.
سمَّى: قال بسم الله (انظر لين) وأضف إلى ما قال: إن امرأة قالت وقد عرضت ابنها: سمّوا أي قولوا بسم الله، لأنهم يعتقدون أن بسم الله تمنع الحسد والعين.
ويقال أيضاً في هذا المعنى سمّى بالله، وسمَّى بالرحيم وسمَّى على فلان (الجريدة الآسيوية 1869، 2: 190، 191).
تسمَّى: لم يشرح لين بوضوح قولهم تسمى بكذا التي وردت في تاج العروس واللغويون العرب يفسرون مثل قولهم تسمى بالخلافة (النويري الأندلس ص488، 489) تلقب بلقب الخليقة.
تسامى. تسامى بفلان مثل سمابه أي رفعه وأعلاه (ويجرز ص55) ولم يعرف الناشر هذا المعنى (ص196 رقم 358) فأخطأ في تغييره الكلمة التي وردت في المخطوطة وهي أيضاً في مخطوطة ا.
استسمى: يؤيد ما ذكره لين ما جاء في محيط المحيط وفيه استسمى فلاناً طلب معرفة اسمه (مولدة) وما جاء في معجم بوشر وفيه استسمى أحداً أي طلب منه معرفة اسمه سُمَي، واحدته سُميَّة: سُماني (الكالا) وهي تصحيف سُميّن.
سُمْيَّة: من مصطلح البحرية عّوامة، طوّافة، أداة لإنقاذ الغْرقى (أبو الوليد ص207) سُمْيَّة: سَمِيّة، الجهة الشمالية (محيط المحيط) سَمَاوة: في السعدية سماوا أي صحراء (النشيد 68، 78، 106، 107) سَمّاوِي: لازوردي، سمنجوني، ما كان بلون السماء (بوشر، همبرت ص80، المقري 1: 236) وفي ابن البيطار (2: 575) في كلامه عن نبات: الذي زهره سماوي.
سَمَاوي: ياقوت ازرق أو سمنجوني أو لازوردي مجلو الشرق والجزائر 13: 81).
فص سَماوي: حجر يمان، ياقوت، ياقوت زعفراني، صفير حجر كريم برتقالي محمر (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي) الصباغ السماوي: مادة ملونة تستخرج من العِظلم، الوسمة، وهو نبات عشبي زراعي للصباغ (تقويم ص84) وانظر مادة سمائي.
سَماوي: في الشام ريح الشمال (بوشر) وفي المغرب ريح الشمال - الشرقي (الكالا - دومب ص54، بوشر بربرية) ومع ذلك فان دوماس (حياة العرب ص435) يذكر هذه الكلمة بمعنى شمال.
وسماوي: ريح الشمال (هلو) والشمال الغربي (باربيبه، ولابورت ص34).
سمائي: لازوردي بلون السماء (ابن العوام 2: 266).
سماني: عظلم، وسمة، واسمه العلمي: isatis Tinctoria ( ابن البيطار 2: 465 ابن العوام 2: 103، 128، 307 وعليك ان تقرأ فيه سمائي) والصبغ السمائي: المادة الملونة التي تستخرج من العظلم (المقري 1: 91). سام. الامر السامي (محيط المحيط) والحضرة السامية: سمْو وهو لقب تشريف (بوشر).
سامِيَة: الحرير النباتي في السودان الذي يستخرج من شجرة كبيرة يسمى سامية مؤنث سام أي عال مرتفع (براكس ص18).
سَامية: القميص الثاني الذي يلبسه الطوارق وهم يرتدون ثلاثة قمصان، وهو قميص مخطط بخطوط عريضة لونها ازرق فاتح ومطرز بحرير من نفس اللون (مجلة الشرق والجزائر السلسلة الجديدة 10: 583، كاريت جغرافية ص109، جاكو ص207).
اِسْم. على اسمك: لك خاصة فيما يظهر. ففي الفخري (ص361): يقول: لأجل من السواد أن زوجتي قد خبزت لك هذا الخبز على اسمك.
اِسْم، طلع له اسم: اكتسب صيتاً وشهرة (بوشر).
اسم. الجمع أسماء تعني كلمات سحرية. ففي ألف ليلة (2: 116): وعليها أسماء وطلاسم كدبيب النمل (2: 23ب، 3: 216، 453، 573) والمعنى الحقيقي: أسماء الله (3: 560) محفورة على خاتم سليمان (ص545، 2: 551، 634) ويقول نيبور (في بلاد العرب ص115): اسم الله (والصواب أسماء الله) علم سحري والذين يتقنونه يعرفون بواسطة الجن الذين في خدمتهم ما يجري في البلاد النائية، ولهم قدرة على الزمان والرياح، ويشفون المرضى بطريقة عجيبة إلى غير ذلك.
أسماء الله الحَسَنة: أسماء الله الحسنى مثل القادر والقدير والرحمن والرحيم وغير ذلك (بوشر).
اسم مِبْني: ظرف الزمان أو المكان، واسم غير قابل للتصرف (بوشر).
اسم الصَّليب عند النصارى: يا رب يا ربي العظيم (بوشر) اسم ضمير الملك: ضمير التملك مثل كتابي وكتابك (بوشر).
اسم علم: اسم خاص (بوشر).
اسم عيرة: اسم يستعمل في الحرب ويتلقب به (بوشر).
اسم منعوت أو موصوف: اسم (بوشر).
اسم يَسوع عند النصارى: يا رب! يا ربي العظيم! (بوشر).
بسم الله: أجل، نعم، بطيب خاطر، على الرأس والعين، سمعاً وطاعة (بوشر).
موصول اسمي: حرف العطف، عاطف، حرف العطف (بوشر).
اِسْمية: صيت، شهرة (الكالا).
أسْماوى: سماوي، لازوردي (دومب ص107، هلو).
مُسْمى: شهير، ذو صيت (الكالا).
مسمى عليه: شيء قرئ عليه بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم لحمايته من الجان (لين عادات 1: 340) مُسَمىَّ: اسم ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 152) كان مسمَّى الحجابة عندهم قهرمة الدار والنظر في الدخل والخرج (قهرمة في مخطوطة 1350) وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص102 ق) في كلامه عن مدينة أقسَمَ أن يُذهب اسمها ومسمَّاها.

سمو

1 سَمَا, (S, M, Msb, K,) first Pers\. سَمَوْتُ, like عَلَوْتُ, (S,) aor. ـْ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. سُمُوٌّ; (S, M, K;) and سَمِىَ, first Pers\. سَمِيتُ, (Th, S, TA,) like عَلِيتُ; (S;) He, (a man, Th, S,) or it, (a thing, M,) was, or became, high, lofty, raised, upraised, uplifted, upreared, exalted, or elevated; it rose, or rose high: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ تسامى signifies the same. (MA. [See also 5.]) b2: سَمَالِىَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became raised from afar so that I plainly distinguished it: (K:) or, as in the S, سَمَا لِىَ الشَّخْصُ the form, or figure, seen from a distance, rose, or became raised, to me [i. e. to my view] so that I plainly distinguished it. (TA.) b3: سَمَا الهِلَالُ The moon near the change rose مُرْتَفِعًا [app. meaning upreared, not decumbent: see أَدْفَقُ]. (TA.) b4: [سَمَا لَهُ or نَحْوَهُ He rose, and betook himself, to, or towards, him, or it. Hence,] مَاسَمَوْتُ لَكُمْ I will not [or (unless the phrase be an apodosis) I did not] rise and hasten to fight you. (TA.) b5: سَمَا بَصَرَهُ His sight, or eye, rose, or became raised. (S, TA.) [And سَمَاطَرْفُهُ lit. signifies the same; but means (assumed tropical:) His look was lofty; or he was proud: see سَامٍ, below.] b6: سَمَا is also said of him who is termed حَسِيبٌ and شَرِيفٌ [i. e. it signifies He was, or became, noble; or high, or exalted, in rank]. (TA.) b7: سَمَتة هِمَّتُهُ إِلَى مَعَالِى الأُمْورِ [His ambition soared, or aspired, to high things, or the means of attaining eminence;] he sought glory, or might, and eminence. (Msb, TA.) b8: سَمَابِى شَوْقَ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ أَقْصَرَ [A yearning, or longing, of the soul arose in me after it had ceased]. (TA.) b9: هُمْ يَسْمُونَ عَلَى المِائَةِ They exceed [or are above] the number of a hundred. (TA.) b10: سَمَوْا, (S, K, TA,) and ↓ استموا, (S,) They went forth to pursue the animals of the chase (S, K, TA) in their deserts: (TA:) [or] one says of the hunter, or sportsman, يَسْمُو الوَحْشَ, and ↓ يَسْتَمِيهَا, meaning he sees, or looks to see, (يَتَعَيَّنُ,) the coming forth of the wild animals, and pursues them. (M. [See also 8 below.]) b11: سَمَا الفَحْلُ, inf. n. سَمَاوَةٌ, The stallion sprang, or rushed, upon, (S,) or he overbore, (S, * M, K,) his she-camels that had passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth. (S, M, K.) A2: سَمَابِهِ: see 4.

A3: See also 2.2 سمّاهُ فُلَانًا and بِفُلَانٍ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to Sb originally with ب, but Lh says that the former is that which is usual, (M,) [inf. n. تَسْمِيَةٌ,] and in like manner ↓ اسماهُ, (S,) i. e. اسماهُ فُلَانًا and بِفُلَانٍ, (M, K,) and accord. to Th, فُلَانًا ↓ سَمَاهُ and بِفُلَانٍ, (K, [in the correct copies of which the form of the verb first mentioned is without teshdeed, while in the CK the first and last are both alike with teshdeed, or, as is said in the M, Th has mentioned سَمَوْتُهُ, but none other has mentioned it,]) He named him, or called him, Such a one; (S, M, Msb, K;) as Zeyd; i. e., he made Zeyd to be his name, his proper name. (Msb.) b2: [One says also, سمّى اللّٰهَ عَلَى شَىْءٍ, or simply سمّى عَلَيْهِ, which is the more common, meaning He pronounced the name of God, saying بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ (In the name of God), upon, or over, a thing; such as food, and an animal about to be slaughtered.] The Prophet said, سَمُّوا وَسَمِّتُوا وَدَنُّوا, [cited, with some variations, and expl., in arts.

دنو and سمت,] meaning سَمُّوا اللّٰهَ [Pronounce ye the name of God, &c.]; i. e. whenever ye eat, [before ye begin to do so, accord. to the general custom, or] between two mouthfuls. (M.) 3 ساماهُ, (S, M, K, TA,) inf. n. مُسَامَاةٌ, (TA,) He vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excellence, [or in an absolute sense,] with him; syn. عَالَاهُ, (M,) or فَاخَرَهُ, and بَارَاهُ. (K.) It is said in the trad. respecting the lie [against 'Áïsheh], لَمْ تَكُنِ امْرَأَةٌ تُسَامِيهَا غَيْرُ زَيْنَبَ, meaning There was not any woman that vied with her in eminence (تُفَاخِرُهَا and تُعَالِيهَا) except Zeyneb; المُسَامَاةُ meaning المُطَاوَلَةُ فِى الحُِظْوَةِ. (TA.) and one says, فُلَانٌ لَا يُسَامَى وَقَدْ عَلَا مَنْ سَامَاهُ [Such a one will not be vied with in highness, &c.: and he has overcome him who vied with him, &c.]. (S.) And إِنَّ أَمَامِى مَا لَا أُسَامِى, said when one fears an affair, or event, before him; on the authority of IAar; meaning [Verily before me is an affair, or event,] with which I cannot vie. (M.) A poet cited by Th says, بَاتَ ابْنُ أَدْمَآءَ يُسَامِى الأَنْدَرَا سَامَى طَعَامَ الحَىِّ حَتَّى نَوَّرَا and he says that سَامَى means اِرْتَفَعَ, and صَعِدَ; but [it seems that the verse should be rendered, Ibn-Admà passed the night aspiring to reach the heap of reaped wheat: he aspired to attain the wheat of the tribe until it attained to maturity: for ISd says,] in my opinion he means, as the seed-produce rose by growth, he rose to it, until it attained to maturity, when he reaped it and stole it: and he cites also the saying, فَارْفَعْ يَدَيْكَ ثُمَّ سَامِ الحَنْجَرَا [And raise thy hands, then endeavour to reach the windpipe]; explaining سَامِ الحَنْجَرَ as meaning raise thy hands to his حَلْق [or throat, properly, fauces]. (M.) 4 اسماهُ He raised, upraised, uplifted, upreared, exalted, or elevated, him, or it; as also بِهِ ↓ سَمَا [lit. he rose, &c., with him, or it]. (M, K.) b2: أَسْمَيْتُهُ مِنْ بَلَدٍ I made him to go up, or away, from a town, or country. (TA.) b3: اسمانا, (TA,) or ↓ اِسْتَمَانَا, (M,) He, or it, incited us to hunt, or chase: so says Th. (M, TA.) A2: Also He looked at, or towards, his, or its سَمَاوَة [expl. immediately before the mention of this phrase in the M as meaning the form, or figure, seen from a distance, and the aspect, of anything]. (M, TA.) A3: And اسمى He (a man) took the direction of, (S,) or came to, (M,) Es-Semáweh (السَّمَاوَة, S, M) a certain water in the desert (البَادِيَة, M) or a place between El-Koofeh and Syria, (K,) a well-known desert. (TA.) A4: See also 2.5 تسمّى [expl. by Golius, first, as meaning Altus fuit, eminuit; like سَمَا; but for this he names no authority, and I find none for it.

A2: ] He named himself. (KL.) b2: تسمّى بِزَيْدٍ He was named Zeyd: (S, * M, * Msb, K: *) تسمّى

بِكَذَا means Such a thing became his name: it is quasi-pass. of سَمَّاهُ and أَسْمَاهُ. (TA.) b3: and تسمّى بِبَنِى فُلَانٍ, (M,) or بِالقَوْمِ, (K,) and إِلَيْهِمْ, (M, K,) He asserted his relationship to the sons of such a one [by the assumption of a name of relationship to them], or to the people. (M, K.) 6 تَسَاْمَوَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تَسَامَوْا عَلَى الخَيْلِ They mounted upon the horses. (TA.) b3: and تساموا They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, [in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excellence, or in an absolute sense, (see 3,)] one with another. (S, K.) A2: and تساموا signifies also They called one another by their names. (TA.) 8 استمى He (a hunter, or sportsman, [الصّاعِدُ in the CK being a mistranscription for الصَّائِدُ,]) attired himself with the socks, or stockings, called مِسْمَاة, (M, K, TA,) to protect himself from the heat of the burning ground, (TA,) for the hunting of gazelles, in the time of heat. (M.) and (M, in the K “ or ”) استماهُ He asked of him the loan of the socks, or stockings, above named, for that purpose, (M, K, *) i. e. for the hunting of gazelles at midday. (TA.) And استمى, (M, CK,) or استمى الظِّبَآءَ, (so in some copies of the K and in the TA,) He sought, or pursued, the gazelles in their caves, or hiding-places, (فَى غِيرَانِهَا, M, and so in copies of the K, by the غِيرَان being meant the كُنُس, M,) or in what was not their time, or season, (فِى غَيْرِ انِهَا, thus in some copies of the K,) at the auroral rising of Canopus (سُهَيْل [which rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, on the 4th of August, O. S.]): (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) [Freytag says, on the authority of scholia to the Deewán of Jereer, as follows: In the time of the greatest heat, they drive out a wild animal repeatedly from its hiding-place, permitting it to return thither at night, when, thus disturbed, it does not issue from its place; in order that they may be able to strike it.] b2: And He hunted, or chased, wild animals. (M.) b3: See also 1, latter part, in two places. b4: and see 4.

A2: اِسْتَمَيْتُهُ also signifies I made him the object of a visit: or I perceived in him good, or goodness, by a right opinion formed from its outward signs. (K.) b2: And استماهُ He chose it, took it in preference, or selected it. (IAar, L voce اِقْتَرَحَ.) b3: And IAar mentions the saying, البَكْرَةُ مِنَ الإِبِلِ تُسْتَمَى بَعْدَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً أَوْبَعْدَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ, as meaning [The youthful she-camel] is tested for the purpose of discovering whether or not she be pregnant [after fourteen nights or after one and twenty]: but Th disallows this, and says that the word is تُسْتَمْنَى, from المُنْيَةُ, which means “ the period by the end of which one knows whether or not the she-camel is pregnant. ” (M.) 10 استسمى [or استسمى فُلَانًا, the word فلانا having app. been inadvertently omitted by a copyist,] He asked, or demanded, his [or such a one's] name. (TA.) سِمٌ and سُمٌ and سَمٌ: see اِسْمٌ, in three places, near the beginning of the paragraph; and in four places near the end of the same.

سَمًا: see سَمَآءٌ: A2: and see also اِسْمٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

سُمًا and سِمًا: see اِسْمٌ, in two places, near the beginning of the paragraph; and in the last sentence but one of the same.

سَمَآءٌ The higher, or upper, or highest, or uppermost, part of anything: [in this sense] masc. (M.) b2: [In its predominant acceptation,] a word of well-known meaning; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) [The sky, or heaven;] the canopy of the earth: (M, Msb, TA:) in this sense (M, Msb) masc. and fem.; (IAmb, S, M, Msb, K; *) sometimes fem.; (M;) rarely so, and thus as having the next but one of the significations here following: (Fr, Msb:) Az says that it is fem. because it is pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of سَمَآءَةٌ: (TA:) or it is as though it were pl. of ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ, [or rather its coll. gen. n.,] like as سَحَابٌ is of سَحَابَةٌ: (Msb, TA:) Er-Rághib says that the سَمَآء as opposed to the أَرْض is fem., and sometimes masc.; and is used as a sing. and as a pl.; as the latter in the Kur ii. 27 [where it is shown to apply to seven heavens]; and that it is like نَخْلٌ and شَجَرٌ and other [coll.] gen. ns.: (TA:) in this sense (M) the pl. is أَسْمِيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, M, K) and سُمِىٌّ, (M, K,) the latter [originally سُمُوىٌ] of the measure فُعُولٌ, and both [also] pls. of سَمَآءٌ in another sense, mentioned in what follows, (TA,) and سَمَاوَاتٌ or سَمٰوَاتٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and accord. to the K, [in which all of these are mentioned as though pls. of سَمَآءٌ in all its senses,] ↓ سَمًا, [in the CK سُمًا,] but in the M سَمَآءٌ [like the sing., as mentioned above], where it is said that it must be a pl. in the Kur ii. 27 for the reason already stated, as though pl. of سَمَآءَةٌ or سَمَاوَةٌ; (TA;) and a poet assigns to سَمَآءٌ the anomalous pl. سَمَآءٍ, by his saying, سَمَآءُ الْإِلٰهِ فَوْقَ سَبْعِ سَمَآئِيَا [The heaven of God, above seven heavens]: (S, M:) the dim. is ↓ سُمّيَّةٌ. (Ham p. 452.) b3: and Any canopy, or covering over-head, of a person. (S, Msb, * TA.) b4: And hence, (S, TA,) The ceiling, or roof, (S, Msb, K, TA,) of a house, or chamber, or tent, (S, K, TA,) and of anything; (K, TA;) in this sense masc.; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ also has this meaning. (S.) b5: And The رِوَاق, (M, K,) i. e. the شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] that is beneath the upper, or uppermost, شُقَّةٌ, (M,) of a بَيْت [or tent]; (M, K;) in which sense it is fem., and sometimes masc.; (M;) as also ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ; (M, K;) [and so, app., ↓ سِمَايَةٌ; for] one says, أَصْلَحَ سِمَايَتَهُ, with kesr, [He repaired his سماية,] meaning, his سَمَاوَة. (TA.) b6: And The clouds; (Zj, K;) because of their height: (Zj, TA:) or a cloud. (Msb.) b7: and Rain; (S, M, Msb, K;) because it comes forth from the سَمَآء [i. e. sky or clouds]: (TA:) or a good rain (مَطْرَةٌ جَيِّدَةٌ): (K, TA:) or a new rain (مَطْرَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ): (T, TA:) or, as some say, rain that has not fallen upon the earth; so called in consideration of what has been said above [of its meaning the “ clouds ” &c.]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [but] one says, مَا زِلْنَا نَطَأُ السَّمَآءَ حَتَّى

أَتَيْنَاكُمْ [We ceased not to tread upon the rain until we came to you]: (S, TA:) applied to rain, it is masc., and fem. also because of its connexion with the سَمَآء that canopies the earth; (M;) or it is fem., as meaning سَحَابَةٌ: (Msb:) the pl. [of mult.] is سُمِىٌّ (S, M, Msb, TA) and [of pauc.]

أَسْمِيَةٌ. (S, TA.) بَنُو مَآءِ السَّمَآءِ is an appellation of The Arabs; [signifying the sons of the water of the heaven;] because of their keeping much to the deserts which are the places of the falling of rain [by means of which they subsist]: or by مَآء السمآء is meant Zemzem, which God made to well forth for the Arabs, who are therefore like the sons thereof. (TA.) b8: [Hence, app., as being likened to rain by reason of the swiftness of his running,] a certain horse, (M, K,) belonging to Sakhr the brother of El-Khansà, (M,) was named السَّمَآءُ. (M, K.) b9: [Hence, likewise, as being likened to rain, (assumed tropical:) Bounty.] One says, أَصَابَنِى بِرَشْحَةٍ مِنْ سَمَائِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He gave me a gift from his store of bounty]. (A in art. رشح.) b10: Also (assumed tropical:) Herbage; because produced by the rain, which is thus called. (TA.) b11: And The back of a horse; (S, Msb, K;) because of its height: coupled with [its opposite] أَرْضٌ [q. v.]. (S, TA.) b12: And of a sandal, [in like manner opposed to أَرْضٌ,] The upper part [of the sole, i. e. the upper surface thereof], upon which the foot is placed. (M.) A2: See also سَمَاوَةٌ.

سَمَاوٌ: see سَمَاوَةٌ.

سَمِىٌّ: see سَامٍ, in two places. b2: [Also] A competitor, or contender for superiority, in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excel-lence; i. q. ↓ مُسَامٍ, (S, TA,) and مُطَاوِلٌ: (TA:) thus the word, in the accus. case, is said to signify in the Kur xix. 66: (S, TA:) or it there has the meaning here next following. (S, M, TA.) b3: A like, or an equal: (S, M, K TA:) and this meaning the word, in the accus. case, is said by some to have in the Kur xix. 8: or in this instance it has the meaning here following. (M, TA.) b4: A namesake of another. (S, M, K, TA.) b5: The fem. is سَمِيَّةٌ. (M, TA.) سُمَىٌّ dim. of اِسْمٌ, q. v.

سُمَيَّةٌ dim. of سَمَآءٌ, q. v.

سِمَوِىٌّ and سُمَوِىٌّ: see اِسْمِىُّ.

سَمَاوَةٌ: see سَمَآءٌ, in three places. b2: Also The form, or figure, seen from a distance, (S, M, K, TA,) [or] such as is high, or elevated, (TA,) of anything; (S, M, K, TA;) and the aspect thereof: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ سَمَآءٌ and ↓ سَمَاوٌ; the latter mentioned by Ks. (M, TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, سَمَآوَةُ الهِلَالِ حَتَّى احْقَوْقَفَا [The form, &c., of the moon when near the change, until it became curved]. (S.) سِمَايَةٌ: see سَمَآءٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

سَمَآئِىٌّ and سَمَاوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the sky or heaven; heavenly; celestial;] rel. ns. from سَمَآءٌ. (Msb, TA.) سَامٍ [High, or lofty; as also ↓ سَمِىٌّ: pl. of the former سَوَامٍ; applied to women as pl. of سَامِيَةٌ, whence the phrase سَوَامِى الطَّرْفِ in a verse cited voce بُضْعٌ; and to irrational animals, as in an instance here following]. One says القُرُومُ السَّوَامِى

The stallions [meaning the stallion-camels high in their heads, or] raising their heads high. (S, TA.) And سَامِيَاتٌ, [pl. of سَامِيَةٌ,] applied to camels, That raise, or raise high, their eyes and their heads. (Ham p. 791.) And رَدَدْتُ مِنْ سَامِى

طَرْفِهِ [app. an elliptical phrase, نَخْوَتَهُ (which is expressed in the explanation) or a similar word being understood; i. e. (assumed tropical:) I repelled the pride, or haughtiness, of him who was lofty in look;] meaning I contracted to him [or to the lofty in look] his soul, and annulled his pride, or haughtiness. (S, TA.) And الأَنْفِ ↓ سَمِىُّ [lit. Highnosed] means (assumed tropical:) disdainful, or scornful. (T and K in art. انف.) b2: [Also act. part. n. of 1 in all its senses. b3: And hence,] سُمَاةٌ, (S, M, K,) of which it is the sing., (M,) signifies Hunters (S, M, K) going forth to the chase: (K:) an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: or, as some say, hunters in the day-time, peculiarly: or hunters wearing the socks, or stockings, called مِسْمَاة. (M.) اِسْمٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) with the conjunctive ا, [i. e. written اسْمٌ,] but this is made disjunctive by poetic license [as well as when the word commences a sentence], (S,) usually with kesr [when the | is disjunctive], (Lh, M, TA,) and اُسْمٌ, (S, M, K,) of the dial. of Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem and of Kudá'ah, (M, TA,) mentioned by IAar, (TA,) and ↓ سِمٌ and ↓ سُمٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ سَمٌ, (K,) and ↓ سُمًا (M, K) and ↓ سِمًا and ↓ سَمًا, (K,) [The name of a thing; i. e.] a sign [such as may be uttered or written] conveying knowledge of a thing; syn. عَلَامَةٌ: and a word applied to denote a substance or an accident or attribute, for the purpose of distinction: (M, K:) [or a substantive in the proper sense of this term, i. e. a real substantive; and a substance in a tropical sense of this term, i. e. an ideal substantive:] as expl. by El-Munáwee, in the “ Towkeef,” the اسم is that which denotes a meaning in itself unconnected with any of the three times [past and present and future]: if denoting what subsists by itself, it is termed اِسْمُ عَيْنٍ; and if denoting what does not subsist by itself, [i. e. an accident or attribute,] whether existent, as العِلْمُ [i. e. knowledge], or non-existent, as الجَهْلُ [i. e. ignorance], it is termed اِسْمُ مَعْنًى: (TA:) the pl. is أَسْمَآءٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and أَسْمَاوَاتٌ, (S, M, K,) the latter said by Lh to be a pl. of اِسْمٌ, but it is rather a pl. of أَسْمَآءٌ, for otherwise there is no way of accounting for it, (M,) and أَسَامٍ (S, M, K) and أَسَامِىُّ (M, K) are [likewise] pls. of أَسْمَآءٌ: (K, * TA:) the word اسْمٌ [i. e. اِسْمٌ or اُسْمٌ] is derived from سَمَوْتُ, (S, TA,) or from السُّمُوُّ, (Msb, Er-Rághib, TA,) because the اسم is a means of raising into notice the thing denoted thereby, and making it known: (S, * Er-Rághib, TA:) it is of the measure اِفْعٌ [or اُفْعٌ, accord. to different dialects], the last radical, و, being wanting in it, (S, Msb, TA,) and the hemzeh [or rather |] being prefixed by way of compensation for it, accord to a general rule; (Msb, TA;) for it is originally سِمْوٌ (S, Msb, Er-Rághib, TA) or سُمْوٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) its pl. being أَسْمَآءٌ, and its dim. being ↓ سُمَىٌّ [originally سَمَيْوٌ]: (S, Msb, Er-Rághib, * TA:) some of the Koofees hold that it is from الوَسْمُ, meaning العَلَامَةُ, the و, which is the primal radical, being rejected, and the hemzeh [or |] being substituted for it, so that its measure is اِعْلٌ [or اُعْلٌ]; but this is a weak opinion, for, were it so, the dim. would be وَسَيْمٌ and the pl. would be أَوْسَامٌ. (Msb, TA.) One says, اِسْمُ هٰذَا كَذَا [The name of this is thus, or such a word]; and if you will you may say, اُسْمُ هٰذا كذا; and in like manner, ↓ سِمُهُ and ↓ سُمُهُ: Lh says that اِسْمُهُ فُلَانٌ [His name is Such a one] is the [common] phrase of the Arabs; and he mentions اُسْمُهُ فُلَانٌ as heard from [the tribe of] Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem: and Ks cites, as heard from some of [the tribe of] Benoo-Kudá'ah, the saying, ↓ بِاسْمِ الَّذِى فِى كُلِّ سُورَةٍ سُمُهْ [In the name of Him whose name is in every chapter of the Kur-án], and ↓ سِمُهْ as heard from others, not of Kudá'ah. (M.) سِرْ عَلَى اسْمِ اللّٰهِ is an elliptical phrase [for سِرْ مُعْتَمِدًا عَلَى ذِكْرِ اسْمِ اللّٰهِ Journey thou relying upon the mention of the name of God]. (IJ, M in art. دل: see دَلِيلٌ.) b2: [Hence,] اسْمٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Fame, renown, report, or reputation, of a person: (TA:) and so ↓ سُمًا, in relation to good, (K, TA,) not to evil; mentioned by Az. (TA.) One says, ذَهَبَ اسْمُهُ فِى النَّاسِ, i. e. His fame &c. [went, or spread, among mankind, or the people]. (TA.) اِسْمِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, a name or noun or substantive;] rel. n. from اِسْمٌ; as also ↓ سِمَوِىٌّ and ↓ سُمَوِىٌّ. (S, TA.) [Hence, جُمْلَةٌ اسْمِيَّةٌ A nominal proposition or phrase; as distinguished from فِعْليَّةٌ, or verbal.]

اِسْمِيَّةٌ The quality of a name or noun or substantive.]

مِسْمَاةٌ The socks, or stockings, worn by a hunter, (M, K, TA,) to protect him from the heat of the burning ground. (TA.) مُسَمًّى [Named]. b2: [Hence,] one says, هُوَ مِنْ مُسَمَّى قَوْمِهِ and مُسَمَّاتِهِمْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He is of the best of his people or party. (TA.) مُسَامٍ: see سَمِىٌّ.

بزو

1 بَزَا, aor. ـْ i. q. تَطَاوَلَ [app. as meaning He stretched out his neck, looking at a thing far off]; and تَأَنَّسَ [here meaning the same, or he looked, raising his head; said of a hawk, or falcon]: (Az, ISd, K:) and hence IJ says that ↓ بَازٌ is [originally] of the measure فَلْعٌ from this verb: (TA: [and it is said in the K that بَازٍ

seems to be hence derived:]) for [or تطاول may here be used in another sense; for, accord. to Fei,] بَزَا, aor. as above, signifies he overcame, or subdued; and hence is derived ↓ بَازٍ. (Msb.) Yousay also, بَزَا عَلَيْهِ, aor. as above, meaning تطاول [i. e., thus followed by عليه, He held up his head with an assumption of superiority over him; behaved haughtily towards him; exalted himself above him; or overpowered, subdued, or oppressed, him]. (S.) And بُزِىَ بِالقَوْمِ The people, or company of men, were overcome, or subdued. (TA.) And بَزَاهُ, aor. as above, (K,) inf. n. بَزْوٌ, (TA,) He overcame, or subdued, him; and laid violent hands upon him, or assaulted him; as also ↓ ابزى

بِهِ: (K:) or this last signifies he overcame him, and subdued him: (S:) and بَزَاهُ, he wronged him; or treated him wrongfully, or injuriously: and ↓ ابزاهُ may signify the same; or this may mean he induced him to become أَبْزَى, q. v.: (Ham p.

502:) and accord. to Aboo-Riyásh, ↓ ابزى signifies he pressed heavily upon his adversary, or imposed on him that which he was unable to do, or to bear, in order to treat him wrongfully, or injuriously. (Ham pp. 104 and 105.) [It is said that] بَزَوَانٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb, if it have one, is بَزَا,] signifies the act of Leaping; syn. وَثْبٌ. (S: [but I think it not improbable that this may have been taken from a mistranscription of نَزَوَانٌ, an inf. n. of نَزَا.]) A2: بَزِىَ, (K,) aor. ـَ (Ham p. 502;) and بَزَا, aor. ـُ (K;) inf. n. بَزًا (S, * K, * TA) and بَزْوٌ, (TA,) He (a man, TA) had what is termed بَزًا; (K;) i. e., prominence of the breast and depression of the back: (S, K, and Ham ubi suprà:) or depression of the back and prominence of the belly: or, as some say, prominence of the breast and depression of the lower part of the belly: (Ham ubi suprà:) or depression of the breast and prominence of the lower part of the belly: (Ham p. 105:) or a bending in the back next the posteriors: (K, TA:) or a projecting of the middle of the back over the posteriors: or a backward bulging of the posteriors: (K:) or he was as though his posteriors projected over the hinder part of the thighs: or he had the breast bulging forward and the posteriors backward, so that he appeared unable to straighten his back. (T, TA.) [See also 4.] The epithet is أَبْزَى: fem. بَزْوَآءُ. (S, K.) 4 ابزى: see 1, in three places.

A2: Also, (S, K,) inf. n. إِبْزَآءٌ, (A 'Obeyd, S,) He (a man, A 'Obeyd, S) elevated his posteriors; (A 'Obeyd, S, K;) as also ↓ تبازى: (S, K:) or the latter signifies he acted in such a manner in his walk as to cause it to be imagined that he was أَبْزَى; (Ham p. 105;) or he moved his posteriors in walking, like as does a woman; or he bent, or bowed, himself to others. (TA.) Accord. to IAar, البزاء [probably a mistranscription for الإِبْزَآءُ] signifies الصلف [i. e. الصَّلَفُ, app. meaning An extravagant affecting of elegance of carriage, such as is common with women]. (TA.) 6 تبازى: see 4. b2: Also He stepped wide. (K.) b3: And He made a vain, or false, boast of abundance, or riches; or a boast of more than he possessed; or invested himself with that which did not belong to him. (K.) بَزْوٌ The equal, equivalent, or like, of a thing. (S, K.) You say, أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ بَزْوَ كَذَا [I took from him, or of it, the equal, equivalent, or like, of such a thing]. (S.) بَازٍ (S, Msb, K) and بَازٌ [mentioned in art. بوز] (Msb, TA, and so in some copies of the K in this art.) and بَازٌ [mentioned in art. بأز] and ↓ بَازِىٌّ (TA) [A name given to several varieties of the hawk, or falcon;] a species of صَقْر, (K,) that preys, or hunts or catches game; (S;) the proudest and fiercest of birds of prey, found in the country of the Turks: it is said that this name is only given to the female, and that the male is of another kind, a kite, or a white falcon (شَاهِين), and hence the varieties of form &c. in different individuals of the species: that of which the prevailing colour is white is the best, and the fullest in body, and the boldest, and the easiest to train: this variety (the أَشْهَب) is found only in the country of the Turks, and Armenia, and the country of the Khazar: (Kzw:) [see also بَاشَقٌ:] respecting the derivation, see 1, in two places: the pl. (of بَازٍ, S, ISd, Msb) is بُزَاةٌ (S, ISd, Msb, K) and بَوَازٍ; (ISd, K;) and (of بَازٌ, Msb) بِيزَانٌ (Msb, K) and أَبْوَازٌ, (Msb,) the former a pl. of mult., and the latter a pl. of pauc., (TA,) or the former is originally بُزْيَانٌ [and therefore a pl. of بَازٍ]; (IKtt, TA in art. ميد;) and (of بَأْزٌ, K in art. بأز,) أَبْؤُزٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and بُؤُوزٌ (K in this art. and in art. بأز) and بِئْزَانٌ. (K in the latter art.) بَازِىٌّ: see بَازٍ.

أَبْزَى, applied to a man, (S, Mgh,) Having what is termed بَزًا; (S, K;) i. e., prominence of the breast and depression of the back, (S, Mgh, K, and Ham p. 105,) or of the part between the shoulder-blades: (Ham ubi suprà:) &c.: [see 1, latter part:] fem. بَزْوَآءُ: (S, K:) the masc. is sometimes coupled with أَبْزَخُ; and the fem., with بَزْخَآءُ, applied to an old woman who, when she walks, is as though she were bowing down her head and body: and the fem. is said by some to signify sticking out her posteriors to be seen of men. (TA.) هُوَ مُبْزٍ بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ He is strong, or able, to perform this affair; a prudent, or sound, manager thereof. (S.)

فذ

1 فَذَّ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ, [aor. ـِ inf. n. فَذٌّ,] He was, or became, apart from his companions, and remained alone. (L.) A2: And فَذّ, (TA,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. فَذُّ, (K, TA.) He drove away (طَرَدَ) vehemently. (K, TA.) 4 افذّهُ He made him, or it, to be single; sole; or one, and no more; syn. أَوْتَرَهُ; (S in art. وتر;) and جَعَلَهُ فَذًّا, i. e. وِتْراً. (TA in that art.) b2: And أَفَذَّتْ She (a ewe or goat) brought forth one only, (El-Ahmar, T, S, M, O, L, Msb,) at a breeding; (Msb;) inf. n. إِفْذَاذٌ. (El-Ahmar, T, M, L.) [See مُفِذٌّ.]5 تَفَذَّّ see next following paragraph.10 استفذّبِهِ He was, or became, alone; inde pendent of others; without any to share, or participate, with him; in it: (K, TA:) you say, استفذّ عَلَىَّ بِاالأَمْرِ He was, or became, alone, or independent, exclusively of me, in the affair: (O:) and بِهِ ↓ تفذّذ also has the former meaning: (K, TA:) or this latter signifies He was, or became, alone with him. (O.) R. Q. 1 فَذْفَذَ He contracted himself (تَقَاصَرَ), to leap, deceiving, or circumventing, (IAar, T, O, K,) or in order to deceive, or circumvent, when leaping; (IAar, T in art. ذف;) said of a man. (IAar, T, O.) b2: [And accord. to the K, in art. ذف, i. q. تَبَــخْتَرَ; like ذَفْذَفَ: but] accord. to IAar, ذَفْذَفَ has this latter meaning, and فَذْفَذَ signifies as expl. above on his authority. (T in art. ذف.) فَذٌّ Single; sole; only; one, and no more; [and alone, or apart from others; (see 1;)] syn. فَرْدٌ; (S, M, Mgh, O, L, K;) and وَاحِدٌ: (L, Msb:) pl. [of mult.] فُذُوذٌ (M, L, Msb, K) and [of pauc.]

أَفْذَاذًا. (M, L, K.) One says, ذَهَبَا فَذَّيْنِ They two went away singly. (S, O, L.) And جَآء القَوْمَ

أَفْذَاذًا: see فُذَاذَى. b2: And تَمْرٌ فَذٌّ Dates that are separate, each one from others; (IAar, S, M, O, L, K;) not sticking together; (IAar, M, L;) as also فَضٌّ; (M;) and فَثٌّ. (T in art. فث.) b3: And الفَذُّ is [a name of] The first of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر: (S, M, O, L, K:) it has one notch; and for it is gained one share [of the slaughtered camel] when it is successful, and one share is exacted when it is unsuccessful: (Lh, M, O, L:) the arrows are ten: the 2nd is called التَّوْأَمُ; the 3rd, الرَّقِيبُ; the 4th, الحِلْسُ; the 5th, النَّافِسُ; the 6th, المُسْبِلُ; the 7th, المُعَلَّى; and there are three for which there is no share, namely, السَّفِيحُ and المَنِيحُ and الوَغْدُ. (S, O, L.) [See الرقيب.] b4: كَلِمَةْ فَذَّةٌ: see فَاذَّةٌ.

فُذَّاذًا: see the next paragraph, in two places.

جَآءَ القَوْمُ فُذَاذَ, (O,) or ↓ فُذَاذًا, (Msb,) and ↓ فُذَّاذًا, and ↓ أَفْذَاذًا, The people, or party, came one by one; singly. (O, Msb.) And أَكَلْنَا فُذَاذَى, (K, TA,) and فَذَاذَى, (CK,) and ↓ فُذَاذًا, and ↓ فُذَّاذًا, We ate separately. (K.) فُذَّاذًا: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

كَلِمَةٌ فَاذَّةٌ, and ↓ فَذَّةٌ, i. q. شَاذَّةٌ [i. e. A word, phrase, proposition, or sentence, extraordinary, or exceptional, in respect of rule, or of usage]. (M, L.) And آيَةٌ فَاذَّةٌ A verse of the Kur-án that is alone in meaning. (L.) أَفَذُّ An arrow having no feathers upon it; (T, O, K;) opposed to مَرِيشً: so says Aboo-Málik: others say أَقَذٌّ [q. v.], with ق: but he allowed only the former. (T, O.) مُفِذٌّ A ewe or she-goat bringing forth one only, (El-Ahmar, T, S, M, O, L, Msb, K,) at a breeding: (Msb:) [like مُفْرِدٌ and مُوحِدٌ:] one does not apply this epithet to a she-camel, because she never brings forth more than one. (S, M, O, L, Msb.) مِفْذَاذً A ewe or she-goat that usually brings forth one only. (T, S, O, L, K.)

ميل

1 مَالَ [He, or it, inclined, leant, bent, propended, tended, declined, deviated, or deflected.]

b2: مَالَ مَعَهُ and ↓ مَايَلَهُ He conformed with, and assisted, or aided, him. (TA.) b3: مَالَ إِلَيْهِ He loved him. (TA.) b4: He wronged him. (TA.) He was, or became, inimical to him. b5: مَالَتِ الدَّابَّةُ مِنْ رِجْلِهَا (K, art. غمز,) i. q. ظَلَعَتْ [It limped]. (TA.) 2 مَيَّلَ بَيْنَ شَيْئَيْنِ He wavered, or vacillated, between two things. (S, MA.) See 10.3 مَايَلَهُ He inclined towards him reciprocally: and مَايَلَا they two inclined each towards the other. (TK, art. هود.) See also مَالَ مَعَهُ in 1.5 تَمَيَّلَ See 6. b2: تَمَيَّلَ بِالقَوْلِ He vacillated in the saying: see تَرَجَّحَ.6 تَمَايَلَ فِى مِشْيَتِهِ [He affected an inclining of his body, or a bending, or he inclined his body, or bent, from side to side, in his gait; a meaning well known, and still common]; (S;) syn. تَثَنَّى. (Har, p. 269.) b2: See تَزَايُغٌ. b3: تَمَايَلَتْ فِى

مِشْيَتِهَا and ↓ تَمَيَّلَتْ signify the same. (TA.) b4: تَمَايَلَ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ; and عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ: i. q. تَجَانَفَ [He affected a deviation, or purposely deviated from his course, &c.] (TA in art. جنف.) 10 استمالهُ

, and استمال بِقَلْبِهِ, (S, K,) He inclined him, and his heart. (K.) b2: اِسْتَمَالَهُ He attracted him to himself; or sought to make him incline. (MA.) b3: استمال is a quasi-pass. of ↓ مَيَّلَهُ. (K, * TA.) مِيلٌ as used by the Arabs, [A mile:] The distance to which the eye reaches along land: accord. to the ancient astronomers, three thousand cubits: accord to the moderns, four thousand cubits: but the difference is merely verbal; for they agree that its extent is ninety-six thousand digits; [about 5166 English feet;] each digit being the measure of six barley-corns, each placed with its belly next to another; but the ancients say that the cubit is thirty-two digits; which makes the mile three thousand cubits. (Msb, which see for more.) See also مُطْلِبٌ b2: ميِلٌ i. q.

مُلْمُولٌ, [A style]. (K.) مَيْلٌ Inclination; leaning; bent; propensity; tendency.

مَيَلٌ A natural wryness. (S.) مِيلَانِ (?) of a مَحَالَة of a well: see ثِنَايَةٌ.

مَيَّالٌ [i. q.

مُتَمَايِلٌ, Inclining much]. (A, art. فيد.) See سَيَّالٌ.

أَمْيَلُ Swaying on horseback: see an ex. of its pl. مِيلٌ in a verse cited voce أَشْعَلَ. b2: عِمَّةٌ مَيْلَآءُ: see قَفْدَآءُ.

امالةُ الأَلِفِ The inclining of the sound of ا when quiescent, after fet-hah, towards the sound of ى; so that the fet-hah, with that ا, composes a sound the same as that of the long “ e ” in the English word “ there. ” This is accordant with present usage; and I have not found any learned Arab who asserts otherwise. See also نَابٌ, and حَجَّاجٌ, and مَشُوبٌ.

الْوَاو المُفْرَدَةُ
: مِن حُروفِ المُعْجم، وَقد تقدَّم ذِكْرها، وَهِي على (أَقْسام:
(الأُولَى: العاطِفَةُ لمُطْلَقِ الجَمْع) مِن غيرِ تَرْتيبٍ (فَتَعْطِفُ الشَّيءَ على مصاحِبِه) كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {فأَنْجَيْناهُ وأَصْحابَ السَّفينةِ} ، و) تَعْطِفُ الشَّيءَ (على سابِقِه) كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {وَلَقَد أَرْسَلْنا نُوحاً وإبراهيمَ} ؛ وعَلى لاحِقِه) كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {كَذلكَ يُوحِي إِلَيْك وَإِلَى الذينَ مِن قَبْلِكَ} . والفَرْقُ بَيْنها وبَيْنَ الفاءِ أنَّ الواوَ يُعْطَفُ بهَا جُمْلَةٌ وَلَا تدلُّ على التَّرْتيبِ فِي تَقْدِيمِ المُقَدّم ذِكْره على المُؤَخّرِ ذِكْره، وأَمَّا الفرَّاء فإنَّه يُوصِلُ بهَا مَا بَعْدَها بِالَّذِي قَبْلها والمُقدّمُ الأَوَّل، وَقَالَ الفرَّاء: إِذا قلْت زُرْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ وزَيْداً فأيّهما شِئْتَ كَانَ هُوَ المُبْتَدَأ بالزِّيارَةِ، وإنْ قلْت زُرْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ فزَيْداً كانَ الأوَّل هُوَ الأوَّل والآخرُ هُوَ الآخرُ، انتَهَى. (وَإِذا قيلَ: قامَ زَيْدٌ وعَمْرٌ و، احْتَمَلَ ثلاثَةَ مَعانٍ) : المَعِيّة ومُطْلَق الجَمْع والتَّرْتيب، (وكَوْنُها للمَعِيَّةِ راجِحٌ) لمَا بَيْنهما مِن المُناسَبَةِ لأنَّ مَعَ للمُصاحَبَةِ، وَمِنْه الحديثُ: (بُعِثْتُ أَنا والساعَةُ كهَاتَيْن) ، أَي مَعَ الساعَةِ؛ (وللتَّرْتيبِ كَثيرٌ ولعَكْسِه قَليلٌ، ويجوزُ أَنْ يكونَ بَيْنَ مُتَعاطِفَيْها تَقارُبٌ أَو تَراخٍ) كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {إنَّا رَادُّوهُ إِلَيْك وجاعِلُوه مِنَ المُرْسَلِيْنَ} ، فإنَّ بينَ رَدِّ موسَى إِلَى أُمِّه وجَعْلهِ رَسُولاً زَمانٌ مُتراخٍ؛ (وَقد تَخْرُجُ الواوُ عَن إفادَةِ مُطْلَقِ الجَمْع وذلكَ على أَوْجُهٍ:
(أَحَدُها: تكونُ بمعْنَى أَوْ وذلكَ على ثلاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ: أَحَدُها) : أَنْ (تكونَ بمعْناها فِي التَّقْسِيم، نحوُ: الكَلمةُ اسمٌ وفِعْلٌ وحَرْفٌ؛ و) الثَّانِي: (بمعْناها فِي الإباحَةِ) كَقَوْلِك: (جالِسِ الحَسَنَ وابنَ سِيرِينَ أَي أَحَدَهُما؛ و) الثالثُ: (بمَعْناها فِي التَّخْيير) كقولِ الشَّاعرِ:
(وَقَالُوا نَأَتْ فاخْتَرْ لَها الصَّبْرَ والبُكا (والوَجْهُ الثَّانِي) : أَنْ تكونَ (بمعْنَى باءِ الجَرِّ نحوُ: أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ ومالَكَ) ، أَي بمالِكَ، (وبِعْتُ الشَّاءَ شَاة ودِرْهَماً) ، أَي بدِرْهَمٍ.
(الثَّالث: بمعْنَى لامِ التَّعْليل؛ نحوُ) قَوْله تَعَالَى: {يَا لَيْتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلَا نَكْذِبُ} ، أَي لئَلاَّ نَكْذِبَ، (قالَهُ الخارَزَنْجي) مُصنِّفُ تَكْملة العَيْن وَقد مَضَتْ تَرْجمتُه عنْدَ ذِكْرِه فِي حَرْفِ الجِيم.
(الَّرابع: وَاو الاسْتِئْنافِ) كَقَوْلِهِم: (لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وتَشْرَبِ اللَّبَنَ فيمَنْ رَفَعَ) ، وَقد ذُكِرَ ذلكَ فِي بَحْثِ لَا قَرِيباً.
(الْخَامِس: واوُ المَفْعولِ مَعَه: كسِرْتُ والنِّيلَ.
(السَّادِسُ: واوُ القَسَمِ) كقولِهم: واللهاِ لقَدْ كانَ كَذَا، وَهُوَ بدلٌ مِن الباءِ وإنَّما أبدلٌ مِنْهُ لقُرْبِه مِنْهُ فِي المَخْرَجِ إِذْ كانَ مِن حُروفِ الشَّفَةِ (وَلَا تَدْخُلُ إلاَّ على مُظْهَرٍ) فَلَا يقالُ وك اسْتغْنَاء بِالْبَاء عَنْهَا، (وَلَا تَتَعَلَّقُ إلاَّ بمَحْذُوفٍ نحوُ) قَوْله تَعَالَى: {والقُرآنُ الحَكِيم} ، وَلَا يقالُ أُقْسِمُ واللهاِ، (إنْ تَلَتْها واوٌ أُخْرَى) كقولِهِ تَعَالَى: {والطّورِ وكِتابٍ مَسْطورٍ} (فالثانِيَةُ للعَطْفِ) والأُولى للقَسَمِ (وإلاَّ لاحْتاجَ كلٌّ إِلَى جَوابٍ نحوُ) قَوْله تَعَالَى: {والتِّيْنِ والزَّيتُونِ) وطُورِ سِيِنِيْنَ} . (السَّابعُ: واوُ رُبّ، وَلَا تَدْخُلُ إلاَّ على مُنَكَّرٍ) مَوْصوفٍ لأنَّ وَضْعَ رُبَّ لتَقْليلِ نَوْعٍ مِن جِنْسٍ فيذكرُ الجِنْسَ ثمَّ يَخْتَصُّ بصفَةِ تَعْرفةٍ؛ وَمِنْه قولُ الشاعرِ:
وبَلْدةٍ ليسَ بهَا أَنِيسُ
إلاَّ اليَعافِيرُ وإلاَّ العِيسُ أَي ورُبَّ بَلْدةٍ.
(الثَّامن: الَّزائِدَةُ) ، كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {حَتَّى إِذا جاؤها وفُتِحَتْ أَبوابُها} ، جَوَّزَه الجَوْهرِي؛ وَقَالَ غيرُه: هِيَ واوُ الثمانِيَةِ، وَفِي الصِّحاح: قالَ الأصْمعي: قلْتُ لأبي عَمْرِو بنِ العَلاءِ: وقولُهم رَبّنا ولكَ الحَمْدُ، فقالَ: يقولُ الرَّجُلُ للرَّجُلِ بِعْني هَذَا الثَّوْبَ، فيقولُ: وَهُوَ لَكَ وأَظنُّه أَرادَ هُوَ لَك؛ وأَنْشَدَ الأخْفَش:
فَإِذا وذلِكَ يَا كُبَيْشةُ لمْ يَكُنْ
إلاَّ كَلَمَّةِ حالِمٍ بخَيالِكأنَّه قَالَ: فَإِذا ذلكَ لم يَكُنْ، وقالَ آخَرُ، وَهُوَ زُهيرٌ:
قِفْ بالدِّيارِ الَّتِي لم يَعْفُها القِدَمُ
بَلَى وغَيَّرَها الأَرْواحُ والدِّيَمُيُريدُ: بَلَى غَيَّرَها؛ كَذَا فِي الصِّحاح قَالَ ابنُ برِّي: وَقد ذَكَرَ بعضُ أَهْل العِلْم أنَّ الواوَ زائِدَةٌ فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: {وأَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْهِ لتُنَبِّئَنَّهم بأَمْرِهم هَذَا} ، لأنَّه جوابُ لمَّا فِي قَوْله: {فلمَّا ذَهَبُوا بِهِ وأَجْمَعُوا أَنْ يَجْعَلُوه فِي غَيابَةِ الجُبِّ} . (التَّاسِعُ: واوُ الثَّمانِيَةِ: يقالُ ستَّةٌ سَبْعةٌ وثمانِيَةٌ، وَمِنْه) قَوْله تَعَالَى: {سَبْعةٌ وثامِنُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ} ، وَقَوله تَعَالَى: {ثَيِّبات وأَبْكَاراً} ، وَقَوله تَعَالَى: {والنَّاهُونَ عَن المُنْكَر} قَالَ السَّهيلي فِي الرَّوْضِ: واوُ الثمانِيَةِ فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: {سَبْعةٌ وثامِنُهُم كَلْبُهُم} تدلُّ على تَصْدِيقِ القائِلِينَ بأنَّهم سَبْعةٌ لأنَّها عاطِفَةٌ على كَلامٍ مُضْمَرٍ تَقْديرُه نَعَم وثامِنُهُم كَلْبُهُم، وذلكَ أنَّ قائِلاً لَو قالَ: إنَّ زَيْداً شاعِرٌ فقُلْت لَهُ: فَقِيهٌ، كُنْت قد صدَّقْته كأنَّك قُلْت: نَعَم هُوَ كَذلكَ وفَقِيهٌ أَيْضاً؛ وَكَذَا الحديثُ: (أَيتوضَّأُ بمَا أَفْضَلَتِ الحُمُر؟ قالَ. وَبِمَا أَفْضَلَتِ السِّباعُ) ؛ يريدُ نَعَم وبَما أَفْضَلَت السِّباعُ؛ خَرَّجَه الدَّارْقطْني؛ قالَ: وَقد أَبْطَل واوَ الثمانِيَةِ هَذِه ابنُ هِشامٍ وغيرُهُ مِن المُحقِّقين وَقَالُوا: لَا مَعْنى لَهُ وبَحثُوا فِي أَمْثِلتِه وَقَالُوا إنَّها مُتناقِضَةٌ.
(العاشِرُ: واوُ ضميرِ الذُّكُورِ نحوُ) قَوْلهم: (الرِّجالُ قامُوا) ويَقُومُونَ وقُومُوا أَيّها الرِّجال، وَهُوَ (اسْمٌ) عنْدَ الأكْثرينَ، وقالَ (الأخْفَشُ والمازِنيُّ) ؛ هُوَ (حَرْفٌ.
(الحادِي عَشَرَ: واوُ عَلامةِ المُذَكَّرِينَ فِي لُغَةِ طيِّىءٍ أَو أَزْدِشَنُوءَةَ أَو بَلْحَارِثِ) على اخْتِلافٍ فِي ذلكَ؛ (وَمِنْه) الحديثُ: ((يتعاقَبُونَ فيكُمْ ملائكةٌ باللَّيلِ وملائكةٌ بالنَّهارِ) .
(الثَّانِي عَشَرَ: واوُ الإنْكارِ نحوُ: الرَّجُلُوهُ بعدَ قَوْلِ القائِلِ: قامَ الرجلُ) ، فَقَوله: الرَّجُلُوهْ هُوَ قَوْلُ المُنْكِر يَمدُّه بالواوِ والهاءِ للوَقْفَة؛ وَمِنْه كَذلكَ: الحَسَنُوهْ وعَمْرُوه، وتُسَمَّى أَيْضاً واوُ الإسْتِنْكار.
(الثَّالثُ عَشَرَ: الواوُ المُبْدلَةُ مِن هَمْزةِ الاسْتِفْهامِ المَضْمومُ مَا قَبْلَها كقِراءَةِ قُنْبُلٍ: {وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُورُ وأَمِنْتُمْ} ،) وكَذلكَ: {قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ وآمَنْتُمْ} .
(الَّرابعُ عَشَرَ: واوُ التَّذْكِيرِ، كَذَا فِي النسخِ، والصَّوابُ التَّذكّر، فَفِي التّكْملةِ: وتكونُ للتَّعايي والتَّذَكّر كقولِكَ: هَذَا عَمْرُو فتَسْتَمِدُّ ثمَّ تقولُ مَنْطَلِقٌ؛ وكَذلكَ الألِفُ والياءُ قد تكونانِ للتَّذَكّر، انتَهَى.
(الخامسُ عَشَرَ: واوُ) الصِّلَةِ و (القَوافِي) ، كَقَوْلِه:
قِفْ بالدِّيار الَّتِي لم يَعْفُها القِدَمُو فوُصِلَتْ ضمَّةُ الْمِيم بواوٍ ثَمَّ بهَا وَزْنُ البَيْتِ.
(السَّادسُ عَشَرَ: واوُ الإشْباعِ كالبُرْقُوع) والمُعْلُوقِ، والعربُ تَصِلُ الضمَّةَ بالواوِ. وحَكَى الفرَّاءُ: أُنْظُور فِي مَوْضِعِ أَنْظُر؛ وأنْشَدَ:
مِن حَيْثُ مَا سَلَكُوا أَدْنُو فأَنْظُورُ وَقد ذُكِرَ فِي الرَاءِ، وأنْشَدَ أَيْضاً:
لَوْ أنَّ عَمْراً هُمَّ أَن يَرْقُودا
فانْهَضْ فشُدَّ المِئْزَرَ المَعْقُوداأَرادَ: أنْ يَرْقُد فأَشْبَعَ الضمَّةَ ووَصَلَها بالواوِ ونَصَبَ يَرْقُودَ على مَا يُنْصَبُ بِهِ الفِعْلُ.
(السَّابعُ عَشَرَ: مَدُّ الاسْمِ بالنِّداءِ) كَقَوْلِهِم: يَا قُورْطُ، يُريدُ قُرْطاً، فمدُّوا ضمَّة القافِ بالواوِ ليَمْتَدَّ الصَّوْتَ بالنِّداءِ.
(الثَّامنُ عَشَرَ: الواوُ المُحَوَّلَةُ) نَحْو: (طُوبَى أَصْلُها طُيْبَى) قُلِبَتِ الياءُ واواً لانْضِمام الطاءِ قَبْلَها وَهِي مِن طابَ يَطِيبُ، ومِن ذَلِك واوُ المُوسِرِينَ مِن أَيْسَرَ. ومِن أَقْسامِ الواوِ المُحوَّلةِ: واوُ الجَزْمِ المُرْسَلِ كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {ولَتَعْلُنَّ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرا} فأُسْقِطَتِ الواوُ لالْتِقاءِ السَّاكِنَينِ لأنَّ قَبْلَها ضمَّةً تَخْلُفها؛ وَمِنْهَا: واوُ الجَزْمِ المُنْبَسِطِ كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {لَتُبْلَوُنَّ فِي أَمْوالِكُم} فَلم تَسْقُطِ الواوُ وحَرَّكُوها لأنَّ قَبْلَها فتْحةً لَا تكونُ عِوَضاً عَنْهَا. قالَ الأزْهري: هَكَذَا رَواهُ المُنْذرِي عَن أَبي طالِبٍ النحوّي.
(التَّاسعُ عَشَرَ: واواتُ الأَبْنِيَةِ كالجَوْرَبِ والتَّوْرَبِ) للتُّرابِ والجَدْوَلِ والحَشْوَرِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَها.
(العِشْرونَ: واوُ الوَقْتِ: وتَقْرُبُ مِن واوِ الحالِ) كَقَوْلِك: (اعْمَلْ وأَنْتَ صَحِيحٌ) ، أَي فِي وقْتِ صحَّتِكَ والآنَ وأَنْتَ فارِغٌ.
(الحادِي والعِشْرونَ: واوُ النِّسْبَةِ: كأَخَوِيَ فِي النِّسْبَةِ إِلَى أَخٍ) ، بفَتْح الهَمْزةِ والخاءِ وكَسْر الواوِ، وَهَكَذَا كانَ يَنْسبُه أَبو عَمْرِو بنُ العَلاءِ، وَكَانَ يَنْسبُ إِلَى الزِّنازِنَوِيٌّ، وَإِلَى أُخْتٍ أُخَوِيٌّ بضمِّ الهَمْزةِ، وَإِلَى ابنِ بَنَوِيٌّ، وَإِلَى عالِيَةِ الحجازِ عُلْوِيٌّ، وَإِلَى عَشِيَّة عَشَوِيٌّ، وَإِلَى أَبٍ أَبَوِيٌّ.
(الثَّاني والعِشْرونَ: واوُ عَمْرٍ و) : زِيدَتْ (لتَفْرِقَ بَيْنه وبينَ عُمَرَ) فِي الرَّفْعِ والخَفْضِ وَفِي النّصْبِ تَسْقُطُ تقولُ: رأَيْتُ عَمْراً لأنّه حَصَلَ الأمْنُ مِن الالْتِباسِ، وزِيدَتْ فِي عَمْرٍ ودُونَ عُمَر لأنَّ عُمَرَ أثْقَلُ مِن عَمْرٍ و.
(الثَّالثُ والعِشْرونَ: الواوُ الفارِقَةُ) : وَهِي كلُّ واوٍ دَخَلَتْ فِي أَحَدِ الحَرْفَيْن المُشْتَبَهَيْن تَفْرقُ بَيْنه وبينَ المُشْبَه لَهُ فِي الخَطِّ (كواوِ أُولئِكَ وأُولَى لئَلاَّ يَشْتَبِه بإِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى) ، كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {أُولئِكَ على هُدًى من رَبِّهم} ، وَقَوله تَعَالَى: {غَيْرُ أُولي الضَّرَرِ} زِيدَتْ فيهمَا الواوُ فِي الخَطِّ ليَفْرقَ بَيْنهما وبينَ مَا شَاكَلهما فِي الصُّورَةِ.
(الَّرابعُ والعِشْرونَ: واوُ الهَمْزةِ فِي الخَطِّ) واللّفْظِ، فأَمَّا الخَطّ (كهذهِ نِساؤُكَ وشاؤُكَ) صُوِّرَتِ الهَمْزةُ واواً لضمَّتها، (و) أَمَّا (فِي اللَّفْظِ: كحَمْراوانِ وسَوْداوانِ) وَمثل قَوْلك: أُعِيذُ بأَسْماواتِ اللهاِ وأَبْناواتِ سَعْدٍ، وَمثل السَّمواتِ وَمَا أَشْبَهها.
(الخامسُ والعِشْرونَ: والنِّداءِ والنُّدْبةِ) ، الأوَّل كوازَيْد، وَالثَّانِي كواغُرْبَتاهْ، وَقد تقدَّمَ. وَفِي التكملةِ: وَهِي غَيْرُ واوُ النُّدْبة. فتأَمَّل.
(السَّادسُ والعِشْرون: واوِ الحالِ) ، كَقَوْلِك: (أَتَيْتُه والشمسُ طالِعَةٌ) ، أَي فِي حالِ طُلوعِها، وَمِنْه قَوْله تَعَالَى: {إِذْ نادَى وَهُوَ مَكْظُومٌ} ، ومَثَّل الجَوْهرِي لواوِ الحالِ بقولِهم: قُمْتُ وأَصُكّ وَجْهَه، أَي قُمْتُ صاكًّا وَجْهَه، وكقولهم: قُمْتُ والناسُ قُعُودٌ.
(السَّابعُ والعِشْرونَ: واوُ الصَّرْفِ) : قَالَ الفرَّاء: (وَهُوَ أَنْ تأْتي الواوُ مَعْطوفَةً على كَلامٍ فِي أَوَّلهِ حادِثَةٌ لَا تَسْتَقيمُ إعادتُها على مَا عُطِفَ عَلَيْهَا كقولهِ) ، أَي الشاعرِ، وَهُوَ المُتَوكِّلُ اللَّيْثي:
(لَا تَنْهَ عَن خُلُقٍ وتأْتيَ مِثْلَهُ (عارٌ عَلَيْك إِذا فَعَلْتَ عَظِيمُ (فإنَّه لَا يجوزُ إعادَةُ: وتَأْتي مِثْلَه على تَنْهَ) ؛ هَكَذَا فِي النسخِ، ونَصّ الفرّاء أَلا تَرَى أَنَّه لَا يجوزُ إعادَةُ (لَا) على (وتَأْتي مِثْلَه) ، فلذلكَ (سُمِّيَ صَرْفاً إِذْ كَانَ مَعْطوفاً وَلم يَسْتَقِمْ أَن يُعادَ فِيهِ الحادِثُ الَّذِي فِيمَا قَبْلَهُ) .
وممَّا يُسْتدركُ عَلَيْهِ:
واوُ الإعْرابِ: كَمَا فِي الأسْماءِ السِّتَّةِ.
وبمعْنَى إِذْ نَحْو: لَقِيتُكَ وأَنْتَ شابٌّ، أَي إِذْ أَنتَ، وَعَلِيهِ حملَ قَوْله تَعَالَى: {وطائِفَة قد أَهَمَّتْهم} ، أَي إِذْ طائِفَة.
وللتَّفْصِيل: كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {ومِنْكَ ومِن نُوح} ، {ونَخْلٍ ورُمَّانٍ} .
وتَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا أَلِفُ الاسْتِفْهامِ: كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {أَو عَجِبْتُم أَنْ جاءَكُم ذِكْرٌ مِن رَبِّكم} ، كَمَا نقولُ أَفَعَجِبْتم؛ نقلَهُ الجَوْهرِي؛ وكذلكَ قولهُ تَعَالَى: {أَو لم يَنْظُرُوا} ، {أَوَ لم يَسِيرُوا} .
وللتِّكْرار: كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {حافِظُوا على الصَّلواتِ والصَّلاةِ الوُسْطَى} .
وَمِنْهَا الواواتُ الَّتِي تدخُلُ فِي الأجْوبةِ فتكونُ جَواباً مَعَ الجَوابِ وَلَو حُذِفَتْ كانَ الجَوابُ مُكْتَفِياً بنَفْسِه؛ أنْشَدَ الفرَّاء:
حَتَّى إِذا قَلَتْ بُطُونَكُمُ
ورَأَيْتُمُ أَبْناءَكُم شَبُّواوقَلَبْتُمُ ظَهْرَ المِجَنِّ لَنا
إنَّ اللَّئِيمَ العاجِزُ الخَبُّأَرادَ: قَلَبْتُم. ومِثْلُه فِي الكَلامِ: لمَّا أَتانِي وأَثِبُ عَلَيْهِ، كأنَّه قَالَ: وَثَبْتُ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَا لَا يجوزُ إلاَّ مَعَ لمَّا وَحَتَّى إِذا.
وَمِنْهَا الواوُ الدائِمَةُ: وَهِي كلُّ واوٍ تلابسُ الجزاءَ ومَعْناها الدَّوامُ كَقَوْلِك: زُرْني وأَزُورَكَ وأَزُورُكَ، بالنَّصْبِ والرَّفْع، فالنَّصْبُ على المُجازاةِ، ومَنْ رَفَعَ فمعْناهُ زِيارَتَكَ عليَّ واجبةٌ ــأُدِيمُها لكَ على كلِّ حالٍ.