لوز

لَوْزٌ [The almond; or almonds;] the fruit of a certain tree; (Msb, TA;) well known; (A, Msb, K;) abundant in the countries of the Arabs; said by some to be a species of مِزْج, which is that whereof the edible part is not attained save by breaking; by others said to be bruised, or brayed, مِزْج; and also called قُمْرُوصٌ: it is of two kinds, sweet and bitter: (TA:) the sweet is of moderate temperature, beneficial to the chest and the lungs and the bladder, (by reason of its soft nature, TA,) and the eating thereof, shelled, with sugar, augments the marrow and brain, and fattens: the bitter is hot in the third degree, opens stoppages of the nose, clears away [the spots in the skin called] نَمَش, and stills pain, (K [but omitted in the CK] and TA,) when it [app. meaning its oil] is drunk, and when dropped into the ear; (TA;) and it relaxes the bowels, and causes sleep, (K, TA,) when the soles of the feet are anointed with it, and when it is introduced into the nose; (TA;) and it is diuretic: (K, TA:) it is an Arabic word: (Msb, TA:) a coll. gen. n.: (TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, Msb, K.) A2: [Hence,] اللَّوْزَتَانِ (tropical:) [The amygdalæ of the fauces; also called the tonsils;] two pieces of flesh in the two sides of the fauces. (A, TA.) b2: (tropical:) The two sockets of the hips, where the heads of the thigh-bones are inserted. (A, TS, TA.) لَوَّازٌ A seller of لَوْز [or almonds]. (K.) أَرْضٌ مَلَازَةٌ Land containing, (S, M,) or abounding with, (A, K,) trees of the لَوْز [or almond]. (S, M, A, K.) تَمْرٌ مُلَوَّزٌ Dates stuffed with لَوْز [or almonds]; (Sgh, K;) the stones being taken out and لَوْز put in their place. (TA.)

عدس

1 عَدَسَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (AA, S, O, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَدْسٌ (AA, O, K) and عَدَسَانٌ and عِدَاسٌ (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) and عُدُوسٌ, (O, K,) He went away [or journeyed] into, or in, or through, the country, or land. (AA, S, O, K.) One says, عَدَسَتْ بِهِ المَنِيَّةُ (S, O) i. e. [Death] took him away. (O.) And El-Kumeyt says, أُكَلِّفُهَا هَوْلَ الظَّلَامِ وَلَمْ أَزَلْ

↓ إِلَىَّ وَعَادِسَا ↓ أَخَا اللَّيْلِ مَعْدُوسًا or عَلَىَّ, as some relate it, (O, [and thus, instead of إِلَىَّ, in one of my copies of the S,]) meaning [I constrain them (referring to camels mentioned in a preceding verse) to bear the terror of the darkness, and I cease not to be, as a nightfarer,] journeyed to by night [and journeying]. (S, O.) [It is added in the S, as though to indicate another meaning, وَعَدَسَ لُغَةٌ فِى حَدَسَ; and in the O and K, وَالعَدْسُ الحَدْسُ; (in the O with أَيْضًا between these two inf. ns.;) but accord. to the TA, the meaning intended by this is, The going away into, or in, the country, or land: see, however, what here follows.] b2: العَدْسُ also signifies The treading hard, or vehemently, (شِدَّةُ الوَطْءِ, S, O, K, TA,) upon the ground; and so الحَدْسُ. (TA.) b3: And i. q. الكَدْحُ [app. as meaning The working, or labouring; or toiling, or labouring hard]; (S, O, K, TA;) as also الحَدْسُ. (TA.) b4: And, accord. to IKtt, عَدَسَ, said of a man, signifies قَوِىَ عَلَى الشَّرِّ [He was strong to do evil, or mischief: but I think it probable that the right explanation is, على السَّيْرِ or على السُّرَى, i. e. to journey, or to journey by night: see عَدُوسٌ]. (TA.) A2: عَدَسَ, aor. ـِ (AA, O, K,) inf. n. عَدْسٌ, (TA,) also signifies He served [another]; syn. خَدَمَ. (AA, O, K.) b2: And عَدَسَ المَالَ, inf. n. عَدْسٌ, He pastured the cattle, or camels &c. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) And هُوَ يَعْدِسُ عَلَيْهِ He pastures for him. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) A3: عَدَسَ بِهِ, (O, K,) and عَدَسَهُ, (IKtt, * O,) He said to him (i. e. to a mule, O) عَدَسْ [q. v.]. (IKtt, O, K.) A4: عُدِسَ, He had an eruption of the small pustule called عَدَسَة [q. v.]. (K, * O, * TA.) 3 عادس He journeyed continually. (Freytag, from the Deewán of Jereer.)]

عَدَسْ A cry by which one chides a mule, (IDrd, S, IKtt, * O, K,) to urge him: (IKtt:) sometimes, by poetic license, it is made decl.: (L, TA:) the vulgar say عد [app. عَدْ]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) sometimes, (S, O,) it is also used as a name for The mule; (S, O, K;) like as the ass is [sometimes] called سَأْ سَأْ, which is [origiginally] a cry whereby one chides an ass; and there are other instances of the same kind. (TA.) عَدَسٌ [Lentils;] a well-known grain; (S, O, K;) also called عَلَسٌ and بُلُسٌ: (TA:) n. un. with ة. (O, K.) b2: عَدَسُ المَآءِ A certain plant [of which I have not found any description]. (See art. ساذج, last sentence.) عَدَسَةٌ A small pustule, (Lth, S, * O, * K,) resembling the عَدَسة [commonly so called, i. e. the single grain of lentil], (Lth, TA,) which comes forth (Lth, O, K) in the body (Lth, K) in a man, (S, O,) dispersedly, like the طَاعُون [or plague], (Lth, TA,) of which it is said to be a kind, (Lth, O, TA,) and kills, (Lth, O, K,) or sometimes kills, (S,) or generally kills, (Lth, TA,) few recovering from it: (Lth, O:) it was feared by the tribe of Kureysh, as being transitive. (O.) عَدَسِيَّةٌ A soup made by boiling yellow lentils in water, till nearly dissolved, and then adding red vinegar, coriander, and salt. (Ibn-Jezleh, quoted, from Channing, by Greenhill, in his Transl. of Er-Rázee on Small-pox and Measles.) A2: It is now applied also to Bats' dung; which is used in medicine, administered internally; and also applied externally, mixed with vinegar, to tumours: so says Forskål in his Descr. Animalium, p. iii.: but he there states عدسيه to be an appel-lation of the bat itself.]

عَدُوسٌ, applied to a female, [and app. to a male also,] Bold, or daring; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA;) strong to journey. (TA.) And عَدُوسُ السُّرَى Strong to journey (S, O, K) by night; as a masc. epithet; (O, K;) and as a fem. epithet applied to the hyena: (S, O:) or عَدُوسُ اللَّيْلِ, as meaning strong to journey by night, is applied to a man and to a woman and to a camel. (TA.) عَادِسٌ: see the verse cited in the first paragraph.

مَعْدُوسٌ: see the verse above mentioned.

A2: Also Having an eruption of the small pustule termed عَدَسَةٌ. (K, * O, * TA.)

غل

1 غَلَّهُ, (S, O, K, *) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. غَلٌّ, (K,) He made it, or caused it, to enter, (S, O, K, * [in the CK اُدْخِلَ is erroneously put for أَدْخَلَ,]) فِى

شَىْءٍ into a thing; (O, K;) as also ↓ غَلْغَلَهُ, (K, * TA,) inf. n. غَلْغَلَةٌ; or this last word signifies the making, or causing, a thing to enter a thing so as to become confused with, and a part of, that into which it enters: (TA:) b2: and غَلَّ, (S, O, K,) aor. as above, (S) and so the inf. n., (TK,) signifies also It entered [into a thing]; (S, O, K;) being intrans. as well as trans.; (S, O;) and so does ↓ اِنْغَلَّ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ تغلّل, and ↓ تَغَلْغَلَ; (K, TA;) said of [what are termed by logicians] substances and of [what are termed by them] accidents. (TA.) b3: يَغُلُّ said of a ram means Penem suum inserit (يُدْخِلُ قَضِيبَهُ) non sublatâ caudâ. (S, O, * TA.) And غَلَّ signifies also Inivit (حَشَأَ, in some copies of the K without the hemzeh,) feminam: (K, TA; in which latter is added ولا يكون الّا من ضَخْمٍ [app. meaning that this is not said of any but such as is big, or bulky]:) mentioned by IAar. (TA.) b4: غَلَّ الدُّهْنَ فِى

رَأْسِهِ He made the oil to enter amid the roots of the hair of his head. (K.) And غَلَّ شَعَرَهُ بِالطِّيبِ He made the perfume to enter amid his hair. (TA.) b5: And غَلَّهُ لَهُ He made it to be unapparent to him (دَسَّهُ لَهُ), he [the latter] having no knowledge of it. (TA: in which the pronoun affixed to the verb relates to a dagger, and to a spear-head.) b6: غَلَّ المَفَاوِزَ He (a man) entered into the midst of the deserts, or waterless deserts. (S, O.) b7: غَلَّ المَآءُ بَيْنَ الأَشْجَارِ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) The water ran amid the trees. (S, O, K.) And المَآءُ فِى الشَّجَرِ ↓ تَغَلْغَلَ The water entered amid the breaks, or interspaces, of the trees. (S.) b8: غَلَّ الغِلَالَةَ He clad himself with, or wore, the غلالة [q. v.] (K, TA) beneath the [other] garments; because he who does so enters into it. (TA.) And الثَّوْبَ ↓ اِغْتَلَلْتُ [in like manner] signifies I clad myself with, or wore, the garment beneath the [other] garments. (K.) b9: غَلَّ فُلَانًا, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He put upon the neck, or the hand, of such a one, the غُلّ [i. e. ring, or collar, of iron, for the neck, or pinion or manacle for the hand]. (K, TA.) and غُلَّ He had the غُلّ put upon him. (S, * TA.) And غَلَلْتُ يَدَهُ إِلِى عُنُقِهِ [I confined his hand to his neck with the غُلّ]. (S, O.) And غَلَّ أَسِيرًا بِغُلٍّ

مِنْ قِدٍّ وَعَلَيْهِ شَعَرٌ [He confined a captive with a غُلّ of thongs upon which was hair]. (TA.) One says, مَا لَهُ أُلَّ وَغُلَّ, (S, O, K, TA, [in some copies of the S and K, which have misled Golius and Freytag, ماله أُلٌّ وَغُلٌّ,]) a form of imprecation, (K, TA,) meaning [What ails him?] may he be thrust, or pushed, in the back of his neck, and become possessed, or insane, (IB, TA in the present art. and in art. ال,) and therefore have the غُلّ put upon him. (TA in the present art.) and غُلَّتْ يَدُهُ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ [sometimes] means (assumed tropical:) His hand was withheld from expenditure. (TA.) A2: غُلَّ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. غَلَلٌ, said of a man, (S,) He was, or became, thirsty; or vehemently thirsty; (K, TA;) or affected with burning of thirst, (S, TA,) little or much; (TA;) or with burning of the inside, (K, TA,) from thirst, and from anger and vexation. (TA.) b2: And غَلَّ said of a camel, (S, O, K,) originally غَلِلَ, (MF, TA,) aor. ـَ and ↓ اغتلّ also; He was, or became, thirsty; or vehemently thirsty; or affected with burning of the inside: (K:) or he did not fully satisfy his thirst; (S and O in explanation of the former, and TA in explanation of both;) and غَلَّتْ is said of camels in like manner, agreeably with this last explanation: (K:) and ↓ اِغْتَلَّتْ is also said of sheep or goats, (K, TA,) signifying they thirsted. (TA.) A3: غَلَّ صَدْرُهُ, aor. ـِ (S, O, K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, يَغَلُّ,]) with kesr, (S, O,) inf. n. غِلٌّ, with kesr, (O,) His bosom was, or became, affected with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite: (S, O, K:) and with dishonesty, or insincerity. (S, O.) [See also غِلٌّ, below.] It is said in a trad., ثَلَاثٌ لَا يَغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ المُؤْمِنِ i. e. [There are three habits, (خِصَال being understood, these, as is said in the O, being “ the acting sincerely towards God,” and “ giving honest counsel to those in command,” and “ keeping to the community ” of the Muslims,)] while conforming to which the heart of the believer will not be invaded by rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, causing it to swerve from that which is right; (S, * O;) a saying of the Prophet; thus related by some: accord. to others, ↓ يُغِلُّ, (S, O,) with damm to the ى, (O,) which is from the meaning expl. in the next sentence here following. (S, * O.) A4: غَلَّ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. غُلُولٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He acted unfaithfully; as also ↓ اغلّ: (S, O, Msb, K:) or thus the latter, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) accord. to ISk (S, Msb) and A'Obeyd, (S,) in a general sense; (Mgh, Msb;) and he became unfaithful: (TA:) but the former verb is used only in relation to spoil, or booty; (S, Mgh, O, * Msb, K;) you say, غَلَّ مِنَ المَغْنَمِ meaning خَانَ [i. e. He acted unfaithfully in taking from the spoil, or booty]; (S, O;) or meaning he acted unfaithfully in relation to the spoil, or booty: (Mgh:) or غَلَّ, (IAth, Mgh, TA,) aor. as above, (Mgh,) inf. n. غُلُولٌ, (IAth, TA,) or غَلٌّ, (Mgh, [thus in my copy, accord. to which it is trans., as will be shown by what follows,]) signifies also he stole; and was unfaithful in respect of a thing privily; and such conduct is termed غُلُولٌ because, in the case thereof, the hands, or arms, have the غُلّ [q. v.] put upon them: (IAth, TA:) or it signifies also he took a thing and hid it amid his goods; and it occurs in a trad. as meaning he took a شَمْلَة privily. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [iii. 155], وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِىٍّ أَنْ يَغُلَّ and أَنْ

↓ يُغَلَّ, accord. to different readers; the former meaning [And it is not attributable to a prophet] that he would act unfaithfully; and ↓ ان يُغَلَّ meaning, [agreeably with an explanation of أَغَلَّ فُلَانًا in the K,] that unfaithful conduct should be imputed to him; or that there should be taken from his [share of the] spoil, or booty; (S, O, TA;) [or this may mean, that he should be found to be acting unfaithfully; for, accord. to the TA, اغلّ الرَّجُلَ means وَجَدَهُ غَالًّا;] but IB says that a pass. aor. is seldom found in the language of the Arabs in a phrase of this kind. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. وَلَا إِسْلَالَ ↓ لَا إِغْلَالَ i. e. There shall be no acting unfaithfully nor stealing: or there shall be no act of bribery [nor stealing]: (S, O:) or, as some say, there shall be no aiding another to act unfaithfully [&c.]. (TA.) A5: غَلَلْتُ لِلنَّاقَةِ I fed the she-camel with غَلِيل i. e. date-stones mixed with [the species of trefoil called] قِتّ. (S, * O, TA.) A6: غَلَّ الإِهَابَ: see أَغَلَّ فِى الإِهَابِ.

A7: غَلَّ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ, inf. n. غَلٌّ; and ↓ اغلّ; He was silent at the thing: and also he was intent upon the thing. (TA.) 2 غلّلهُ, (K,) or غلّل لِحْيَتَهُ, (S, O,) بِالغَالِيَةِ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. تَغْلِيلٌ, (K,) He perfumed him, (K,) or daubed, or smeared, his beard, much, (O,) the teshdeed denoting muchness, (S, O,) with غَالِيَة: (S, O, K:) and بالغالية ↓ تغلّل and ↓ اغتلّ and ↓ تَغَلْغَلَ He perfumed himself with غالية: (K:) Lh mentions تَغَلَّى بِالغَالِيَةِ, which is either from the word غَالِيَة or originally تَغَلَّلَ, in the latter case being like تَظَنَّيْتُ for تَظَنَّنْتُ, but the former is the more agreeable with analogy: accord. to Fr, one says, بالغالية ↓ تَغَلَّلْتُ, and not تَغَلَّيْتُ: (TA:) As held ↓ تَغَلَّلْتُ from الغالية to be allowable if meaning I introduced the غالية into my beard or my mustache; (S, O;) and the like is the case with respect to غَلَّلْتُ بِهَا لِحْيَتِى: (S:) accord. to Lth, one says, from الغالية, غَلَّلْتُ and غَلَّفْتُ and غَلَّيْتُ. (TA. [See also 1 in art. غلف; and see art. غلى.]) 4 اغلّ إِبِلَهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِغْلَالٌ, (TA,) He watered his camels ill, so that they did not satisfy their thirst: (K, TA:) or he brought, or sent, them back from the water without satisfying their thirst: (O, TA:) thus expl. by Az, who says that it is incorrectly mentioned by A'Obeyd, on the authority of Az, [in this sense,] with the unpointed ع. (TA. [But see 4 in art. عل.]) b2: And اغلّ signifies also اغتلّت غَنَمُهُ (O, K) [accord. to the TA as meaning His sheep, or goats, thirsted: but this I think doubtful: see 8].

A2: اغلّ and its aor. and inf. n. as relating to unfaithfulness, see in the latter half of the first paragraph, in five places.

A3: اغلّت الضَّيْعَهُ, (Mgh, Msb, K, [in the CK غَلَّت,]) and الضِّيَاعُ, (S, O, K,) from الغَلَّةُ, (S, O,) [The estate, and estates, consisting of land, &c.,] became in the condition of having غَلَّة [or proceeds, revenue, or income, accruing from the produce, &c.]: (Mgh, Msb:) or yielded غَلَّة: (K, TA:) i. e. yielded somewhat, the source thereof remaining. (TA.) b2: And اغلّ القَوْمُ meaning بَلَغَتْ غَلَّتُهُمْ [i. e. The غَلَّة of the people, or party, arrived; as expl. in the PS and TA; or the people, or party, had their غلّة brought to them]. (S, O, K.) And The people, or party, became in [or entered upon] the time of the غَلَّة. (TA.) b3: And فُلَانٌ يُغِلُّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ Such a one brings the غَلَّة to his family, or household. (S, O.) A4: اغلّ الوَادِى The valley gave growth to what are termed غُلَّان, (S, O, K,) pl. of غَالٌّ. (TA.) A5: اغلّ فِى الإِهَابِ, (S, O,) He (a butcher) left some of the flesh sticking in the hide, in stripping it off: (S, O:) or he took some of the flesh and of the fat [in the hide] in the skinning: (K:) and الإِهَابَ ↓ غلّ he left somewhat [of the flesh, or of the flesh and of the fat,] remaining in the hide on the occasion of the skinning: a dial. var. of أَغَلَّ. (TA.) b2: And accord. to AA, الإِغْلَالُ signifies The milking of the she-camel when milk remains [app. afterwards] in her udder. (O.) [Perhaps the meaning is The leaving some remaining in the udder on the occasion of milking.]

A6: اغلّ الخَطِيبُ The orator, or preacher, said, or spoke, what was not right, or correct. (TA.) A7: اغلّ بَصَرَهُ, (S, O,) or البَصَرَ, (K,) He (a man, S, O) looked intensely, or intently. (S, O, K.) b2: See also 1, last sentence.

A8: إِغْلَالٌ signifies also The making an overt, or open, hostile, or predatory, incursion. (TA.) A9: And The clothing oneself with, or wearing, a coat of mail. (TA.) 5 تَغَلَّّ see 1, first sentence: A2: and see also 2, in three places.7 إِنْغَلَ3َ see 1, first sentence.8 اِغْتَلَلْتُ الثَّوْبَ: see 1, former half.

A2: اِغْتَلَلْتُ الشَّرَابَ I drank the beverage. (K.) A3: لَهُ أُرَيْضَةٌ يَغْتَلُّهَا: see 10.

A4: اغتلّ said of a camel, and اِغْتَلَّتْ said of sheep or goats: see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. (See also the next sentence but one.) A5: اغتلّ بِالغَالِيَةِ: see 2.

A6: اِغْتَلَّتْ said of sheep or goats, They became affected with the disease termed غَلَل [q. v.]. (O, K.) 10 اِسْتِغْلَالٌ signifies The desiring, or demanding, or [tasking a person,] to bring غَلَّة [i. e. proceeds, revenue, or income, accruing from the produce, or yield, of land, &c.]. (PS.) One says, استغلّ عَبْدَهُ, meaning He tasked his slave to bring غَلَّة to him. (S, O, K. [In the explanation in the CK, يَغُلَّ is erroneously put for يُغِلَّ.]) b2: and The taking, or receiving, [or obtaining,] of غَلَّة: (PS:) or the bringing of غَلَّة from a place [or an estate]. (KL.) One says, ↓ استغلّ المُسْتَغَلَّاتِ He took the غَلَّة of the مستغلّات [i. e. of the lands, or estates, from which غلّة is obtained]. (S, O, K.) And ↓ لَهُ أُرَيْضَةٌ يَغْتَلُّهَا like يَسْتَغِلُّهَا [i. e. To him belongs a small portion of land of which he takes, or receives, or obtains, the غَلَّة]. (TA.) b3: and [hence] one says of a hard man, لَا يُسْتَغَلُّ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ (assumed tropical:) [Nothing, meaning no profit or advantage, is reaped, or obtained, from him]. (L and TA in art. مرس: see 5 in that art.) R. Q. 1 غَلْغَلَ, inf. n. غَلْغَلَةٌ: see 1, first sentence. b2: غَلْغَلَ رِسَالَةٌ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا [He conveyed a message, or letter, to the person to whom it pertained: see the pass. part. n., below]. (Ham p. 500.) A2: And غَلْغَلَةٌ signifies also A breaking [of the bone of the nose, and of the head of a flask or bottle], like غَرْغَرَةٌ. (TA.) A3: [See مُغَلْغِلَةٌ.I do not find any instance of the usage of غَلْغَلَ otherwise than as trans.: but in the TK, and hence by Freytag, غَلْغَلَةٌ in a sense in which it is expl. below is regarded as an inf. n., and consequently the verb is said to signify He went quickly; which is a meaning of R. Q. 2.] R. Q. 2 تَغَلْغَلَ: see 1, first quarter, in two places. قَدْ تَغَلْغَلْتَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللّٰهِ, said to the مُخَنَّث Heet, when he described a woman, as is related in a trad., is expl. as meaning Thou hast reached, in thy looking, of the beauties of this woman, a point which no looker, nor any one having close communion, nor any describer, has reached [beside thee, O enemy of God]. (TA.) b2: Also He went quickly: (K, * TA:) one says, تَغَلْغَلُوا فَمَضَوْا [They went quickly, and passed, or passed away]. (TA.) A2: تغلغل بِالغَالِيَةِ: see 2.

غُلٌّ A ring, or collar, of iron, which is put upon the neck: (Msb:) a shackle for the neck or for the hand: [i. e. a ring, or collar, for the neck, or a pinion or manacle for the hand:] (MA:) or a [shackle of the kind called] جَامِعَة, (TA, and so in the S and K in art. جمع,) of iron, (TA,) collecting together the two hands to the neck: (S in art. جمع; and Jel * in xxxvi. 7:) [sometimes, a shackle for the neck and hands, consisting of two rings, one for the neck and the other for the hands, connected by a bar of iron: (see زَمَّارَةٌ:)] and a shackle with which the Arabs used to confine a captive when they took him, made of thongs, upon which was hair, so that sometimes, when it dried, it became infested with lice upon his neck: (TA:) the pl. is أَغْلَالٌ: (S, O, Msb, K:) which repeatedly occurs in the Kur-án and the Sunneh as meaning (assumed tropical:) difficult tasks and fatiguing works [as being likened to shackles upon the necks]. (TA.) b2: [Hence] the Arabs apply it metonymically to denote (tropical:) A wife. (TA.) And غُلٌّ قَمِلٌ [lit. A lousy shackle for the neck &c.] is an appellation of (assumed tropical:) a woman of evil disposition; originating from the fact that the غُلّ used to be of thongs, upon which was hair, so that it became infested with lice. (S.) A2: Also, and ↓ غُلَّةٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ غَلَلٌ, (K,) or this is the inf. n. of غُلَّ, (S,) [and accord. to analogy of غَلَّ as originally غَلِلَ,] and ↓ غَلِيلٌ, (S, O, K,) Thirst: or vehement thirst: (K, TA:) or the burning of thirst; (S, O, TA;) little or much: (TA:) or burning of the inside, (K, TA,) from thirst, and from anger and vexation (TA.) غِلٌّ and ↓ غَلِيلٌ Rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite: (S, O, Msb, K, TA:) or latent rancour &c.: (JK in explanation of the former:) and envy; so each signifies; (TA;) [and so the former in the Kur vii. 41 and xv. 47:] and enmity: (TA in explanation of the latter:) and the former signifies also dishonesty, or insincerity. (S, O.) غَلَّةٌ Proceeds, revenue, or income, (Mgh, Msb, K, TA, [in the CK, الدَّخَلَةُ is put for الدَّخْلُ,]) of any kind, (Mgh, Msb,) accruing from the produce, or yield, of land, (Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) or from the rent thereof, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) [in which sense ↓ مَغَلٌّ is also used, as a subst., pl. مُغَلَّاتٌ,] or from seed-produce, and from fruits, and from milk, and from hire, and from the increase of cattle, and the like, (TA,) and from the rent of a house, (K, TA,) and from the hire of a slave, (Mgh, K, TA,) and the like; (Mgh, Msb;) [generally meaning corn, or grain; ??] wheat and barley and rice and the like; (KL;) the غَلَّة of the slave is the payment imposed by the master, and made to him: (TA voce ضَرِيبَةٌ:) pl. غَلَّاتٌ (S, O, Msb, TA) and غِلَالٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: Also Dirhems [or pieces of money] that are clipped (مُقَطَّعَة), in a single piece thereof [the quantity clipped being] a قِيرَاط or a طَسُّوج or a grain; of which it is said in the “ Eedáh,” that one's lending غَلَّة in order to have such as are free from defect returned to him is disapproved: (Mgh:) or dirhems [or pieces of money] that are rejected by the treasury of the state, but taken by the merchants. (KT. [Freytag has given this latter explanation, but has erroneously assigned it to غُلَّةٌ.]) غُلَّةٌ A thing in which one hides himself. (IAar, TA.) b2: See also غِلَالَةٌ, in two places: b3: and غَلَلٌ.

A2: And see غُلٌّ, last sentence.

غَلَلٌ Water amid trees: pl. أَغْلَالٌ. (S, O. [See an ex. voce عَذْبٌ.]) And Water having no current, only appearing a little upon the surface of the earth, disappearing at one time and appearing at another: (AA, S, O:) or, accord. to AHn, a feeble flow of water from the bottom of a valley or water-course, amid trees. (TA.) Aboo-Sa'eed says, لَا يَذْهَبُ كَلَامُنَا غَلَلَا [Our speech shall not pass away as a feeble flow of water]: meaning that it ought not to be concealed from men, but should be made public. (TA.) A2: Also A strainer, or clarifier: occur-ring in a verse of Lebeed, cited voce رَازِقِىٌّ: where it means the فِدَام (S, O, TA) on the heads of the أَبَارِيق, (S,) or on the head of the إِبْرِيق: (O, TA:) or, as some relate the verse, the word is غُلَلٌ, pl. of ↓ غُلَّةٌ; (S, O, TA;) which signifies [the same, i. e.] a piece of rag bound on the head of the ابريق [to act as a strainer]. (IAar, TA.) A3: And The flesh that is left upon the thumb when one skins [a beast]. (TA.) A4: See also غُلٌّ, last sentence.

A5: Also, (O, K,) and ↓ غَلَالَةٌ, (O, and so in copies of the K,) or ↓ غُلَالَةٌ, (so in other copies of the K, and accord. to the TA,) A certain disease that attacks sheep, or goats, (O, K, TA,) in the orifice of the teat, occasioned by the milker's not exhausting the udder, but leaving in it some milk, which becomes blood, or coagulates and is mixed with a yellow fluid. (TA.) غَلُولُ الشَّيْخِ The food of the old man, which he ingests into his belly [or stomach]: (S, O, K:) and likewise the beverage drunk by him. (TA.) One says, نِعْمَ غَلُولُ الشَّيْخِ هٰذَا [Excellent, or most excellent, is this food of the old man &c.!]. (S, O, K.) غَلِيلٌ: see غُلٌّ, last sentence. b2: [Hence,] sometimes, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The burning of love, and of grief. (K, TA.) b3: See also غِلٌّ.

A2: And see مَغْلُولٌ.

A3: Also Date-stones mixed with [the species of trefoil called] قَتّ, (S, O, K, TA,) and in like manner with dough, (TA,) for a she-camel, (S, O, K, TA,) which is fed therewith. (S, O, TA.) A4: See. also غَالٌّ.

غَلَالَةٌ, or غُلَالَةٌ: see غَلَلٌ, last sentence.

غِلَالَةٌ A garment that is worn next the body, beneath the other garment, (S, O, K,) and likewise beneath the coat of mail; (S, O;) also called ↓ غُلَّةٌ: (K, TA:) pl. [of the former] غَلَائِلُ and [of the latter] غُلَلٌ. (TA.) b2: And A piece of cloth with which a woman makes her posteriors [to appear] large, (O, * K, * TA,) binding it upon her hinder part, beneath her waist-wrapper; (TA;) as also ↓ غُلَّةٌ, of which the pl. is غُلَلٌ. (IB, TA.) b3: And The pin that connects the two heads of the ring [of a coat of mail]: (O, K:) pl. غَلَائِلُ. (TA.) And غَلَائِلُ signifies Coats of mail: or the pins thereof that connect the heads of the rings: or linings, or inner coverings, that are worn beneath them, (K, TA,) i. e. beneath the coats of mail: and [it is said that] the sing. thereof is ↓ غَلِيلَةٌ. (K, TA.) غَلِيلَةٌ: see what next precedes.

غَلَّانٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ غَالٌّ, (K,) applied to a camel, (S, O, K,) Thirsty: (K: *) or vehemently thirsty: (S, O, K: *) or affected with burning of the inside: (K: *) and ↓ غَالَّةٌ, and its pl. غَوَالُّ, camels not having fully satisfied their thirst. (TA.) غَالٌّ; and its fem., with ة: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also Low, or depressed, ground, in which are trees, and places of growth of [the trees called] سَلَم and طَلْح: one says غَالٌّ مِنْ سَلَمٍ, like as one says عِيْصٌ مِنْ سِدْرٍ and قَصِيمَةٌ مِنْ غَضًا: (AHn, S, O:) or, as also ↓ غَلِيلٌ, a place of growth of [the trees called] طَلْح: or a low, or depressed, valley or torrent-bed in the ground, (K, TA,) in which are trees: (TA:) pl. غُلَّانٌ. (K.) b2: And A certain plant, (S, O, K,) [said to be] well known: (K: [but I have not found it to be now known:]) pl. غُلَّانٌ. (S, O, K.) غَالَّةٌ [as a subst.] A part broken off from the shore of the sea and become collected together in a place. (TA.) [Expl. by Freytag as signifying “ Pars maris, quæ in litore abrupta est: ” and as being a word of the dial. of El-Yemen: on the authority of IDrd.]

غلغل, [thus in my original,] applied to the root (عِرْق) of a tree, Extending far into the earth: pl. غَلَاغِلُ. (TA.) غَلْغَلَةٌ A quick rate of going. (S, O, K, * TA.) [App. a simple subst.; but perhaps an inf. n., of which the verb is غَلْغَلَ, q. v.]

غُلْغُلَةٌ Clamour and confusion of voices. (TA.) [Like the Pers\. غُلْغُل and غُلْغُلَه.]

مُغَلٌّ, as a subst., pl. مُغَلَّاتٌ: see غَلَّةٌ.

مُغِلٌّ A man cleaving to rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (TA.) b2: An unfaithful man; one who acts unfaithfully. (S, * Mgh, O, * TA.) Hence the saying of Shureyh, لَيْسَ عَلَى المُسْتَعِيرِ غَيْرِالمُغِلِّ ضَمَانٌ, (S, Mgh, O, TA,) وَلَاعَلَى

المُسْتَوْدَعِ, (TA,) i. e. [There is no guaranteeship to be imposed upon the asker of a loan, except the unfaithful, nor upon him who is asked to take charge of a deposit, meaning], except in the case of him who has been unfaithful in respect of the loan and the deposit: or, as some say, by the مُغِلّ is here meant the ↓ مُسْتَغِلّ [i. e. the person employed to bring the غَلَّة]: but IAth says that the former is the right explanation. (TA.) A2: مُغِلَّةٌ, applied to a garden (جَنَّة), as in a verse cited voce حَرَدَ, (S, O,) or to an estate (ضَيْعَة), (Mgh, TA,) Having, (Mgh,) or yielding, (TA,) غَلَّة [q. v.; fruitful, or productive]. (Mgh, TA.) مَغْلُولٌ, applied to a man, Having the [shackle called] غُلّ put upon him. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [v. 69], وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدٌ اللّٰهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ [and the Jews said, The hand of God is shackled], meaning, withheld from dispensing. (O.) A2: Also, (S, K,) applied to a man, (S,) and ↓ غَلِيلٌ, and ↓ مُغْتَلٌّ, (K,) Thirsty; or vehemently thirsty; (K, TA;) or affected with burning of thirst, (S, TA,) little or much; (TA;) or with burning of the inside, (K, TA,) from thirst, or from anger and vexation. (TA.) مُغْتَلٌّ: see what next precedes. b2: [Hence,] أَنَا مُغْتَلٌّ إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) I am yearning, or longing, for him, or it. (K, TA.) رِسَالَةٌ مُغَلْغَلَةٌ A message, or letter, conveyed from town to town, or from country to country. (S, O, K.) مُغَلْغِلَةٌ, with kesr to the second غ, Hastening; syn. مُسْرِعَةٌ [which is trans. and intrans.; but generally the latter, like سَرِيعٌ]. (TA.) مُسْتَغَلٌّ A place [or land or an estate] from which غَلَّة is obtained: (KL:) [thus used, as a subst., it has for its pl. مُسْتَغَلَّاتٌ:] see 10.

مُسْتَغِلٌّ: see مُغِلٌّ.

هوش

1 هَاشَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَوْشٌ, (S, A, Msb,) It (a company of men) was, or became, in a state of conflict and faction, sedition, discord, or dissension: (Msb:) he, or it, (a number of people,) fell into a bad state, or state of disorder or disturbance; as also هَوِشَ, like سَمِعَ; [indicating that its aor. is هَوَشَ, and its inf. n. as above;] and ↓ تهوّش: (TA:) it (a company of men, S, A) was, or became, roused, or excited; (A, TA;) in a state of commotion, agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance; (S, A, TA;) and in like manner, ↓ هَوَّشَ, said of the belly, it was, or became, in a state of commotion, agitation, &c., by reason of leanness: (S:) or هَوِشَ, like سَمِعَ, [see above,] (K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. هَوْشٌ, (TK,) he (a man, TK) was, or became in a state of commotion, agitation, &c.; or his belly became small, syn. صَغُرَ, (K, TA, [or empty, (صَغُرَ being perhaps a mistranscription for صَفِرَ, for it is said in another part of this art. in the TA that الهَوْشُ signifies “ the belly's being empty,”)] by reason of leanness; from IF: (TA:) or it (the belly) became so. (IF, TA.) b2: هَاشَتِ الإِبِلُ, (JK, TA,) or الخَيْلُ, (A,) فى الغَارَةِ, (JK, A,) aor. ـُ (JK,) inf. n. هَوْشٌ, (JK, TA,) The camels, (JK, TA,) or the horses, (A,) took fright, and ran away at random, (JK, A, TA,) and became dispersed, (TA,) or separated themselves, (JK,) and went to and fro, (JK, A,) in the hostile sudden attack made by a party of armed horsemen. (JK, A, TA.) b3: هَشْتُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ I became agile or brisk, and advanced towards such a one. (TA.) And هَاشَ أَهْلُ الحَرْبِ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ

The warriors became agile or brisk, and hastened, one to another; [in like manner] ↓ تهاوشوا. (A.) A2: Also, [aor. and] inf. n. as above, He collected: and mixed, or confused, or confounded. (TA.) You say, هُشْتُ مَالًا حَرَامًا I collected unlawful wealth. (Sgh, TA.) And هَاشَهُمْ and ↓ هَوَّشَهُمْ He mixed, or confused, or confounded, them; and collected them hence and thence. (A.) See also 2.2 هوّش: see 1, first sentence: b2: and see 5.

A2: Also, هَوَّشْتُهُمْ I occasioned variance between them, or among them. (Msb.) And هوّش بَيْنَهُمْ He created, or excited, disorder, disturbance, discord, or dissension, between them, or among them. (TA.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) هوّش, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَهْوِيشٌ, (K,) He mixed, confused, or confounded, (S, Msb, K, TA,) a company of men, (S, TA,) one with another; (TA;) and general rules; (Msb;) and anything. (S.) See also 1, last sentence: and see شَوَّشَ. [Hence also,] هوّشت الرِّيحُ بِالتُّرَابِ The wind brought the dust of various sorts [mixed together]. (S, * IF, K.) 3 هَاوَشَهُمْ He mixed, mingled, or consorted, with them: (K:) or did so to create, or excite, disorder, disturbance, discord, or dissension; or to make mischief: (TA:) and مُهَاوَشَةٌ signifies conflicting; like مُنَاوَشَةٌ. (TA, art. نوش.) 5 تهوّش: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also تهوّشوا They mixed, or mingled, together; or became mixed, confused, or confounded, together; as also ↓ تهاوشوا; (K;) and ↓ هَوَّشُوا. (JK, TA.) b3: And تهوّشوا عَلَيْهِ They collected themselves together against him. (IF, Msb, K.) 6 تهاوشوا: see 1, near the end: b2: and see 5.

هَوْشٌ A large number: (S, K:) or, as the women of Temeem say, a multitude of men; and of beasts of carriage; as also بَوْشٌ: (Aboo-'Admán:) and men collected together in war. (TA.) You say, ↓ جَآءَ بِالهَوْشِ الهَائِشِ He came with multitude, or the multitude; (K;) like as you say, جَآءَ بِالبَوْشِ البَائِشِ. (TA.) هَوْشَةٌ Conflict and faction, sedition, discord, or dissension: (A 'Obeyd, S, A, Msb, K:) excitement: commotion, agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance: (S, A, K:) and confusion: (A, Msb, K:) and ↓ هُوَاشَةٌ is like هَوْشَةٌ; (TA;) or signifies war. (JK.) You say, وَقَعَتْ هَوْشَةٌ فِى

السُّوقِ [Conflict and faction, &c., happened in the market]. (A.) And it is said in a trad., إِيَّاكُمْ وَهَوْشَاتِ اللَّيْلِ وَهَوْشَاتِ الأَسْوَاقِ (S, TA) Beware ye of the misfortunes, calamities, or evil accidents, of night; and of the wrong courses, and trickery and robbery, of the markets. (TA.) هَوَشَاتُ السُّوقِ, thus related by Th, but not explained by him, is thought by ISd to mean The confusion of the market, and the defrauding there practised in buying and selling. (TA.) See also هَيْشَةٌ in two places.

هُوَاشَةٌ A mixed, or confused, assembly, company, or assemblage, of men; ('Arrám;) as also ↓ هَوِيشَةٌ: (K, * TA:) and هُوَاشَاتٌ, [the pl. of the former,] collections of men, and of camels, (S, K,) mixed, or confounded, together: (S:) and what is collected of unlawful wealth or property; (K, * TA;) and of lawful. (TA.) See also مَهَاوِشُ.

A2: See also هَوْشَةٌ.

هَوِيشَةٌ: see هَوَاشَةٌ.

هَوَّاشٌ and هَوَّاشَةٌ Camels unlawfully collected: (JK:) or the latter, camels taken from this and that place: (TA:) and the latter also, camels taking fright and running away at random. (JK.) See also هَائِشٌ.

هَائِشٌ: see هَوْشٌ.

A2: إِبِلٌ هَوَائِشُ, [pl. of هَائِشَةٌ,] Camels taking fright and running away at random, in a state of confusion, attacked by a party of armed horsemen: (Lth:) or taking fright and running away at random, (JK, A,) separating themselves, (JK,) and going to and fro. (JK, A.) See also هَوَّاشٌ.

A3: هَائِشَةٌ A great viper. (TA.) تَهْوَاشٌ: see مَهَاوِشُ.

تَهْوِيشٌ: see مَهَاوِشُ.

تَهَاوُشٌ and تَهَاوِشٌ: see مَهَاوِشُ.

مَهُوشٌ: see مَهَاوِشُ.

مَهَاوِشُ What is gotten by force or theft: (K:) or any wealth, or property, (S,) that is gotten by unlawful means, (JK, S,) such as force and theft and the like: (S:) pl. of ↓ مَهُوشٌ: (A:) or as though pl. of this latter word, as signifying collected; and mixed, confused, or confounded. (TA.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ أَصَابَ مَالًا مِنْ مَهَاوِشَ أَذْهَبَهُ اللّٰهُ فِى نَهَابِرَ [Whoso getteth wealth, or property, of such as is unlawfully acquired, God will make it to pass away in places of destruction]: (S:) but this is variously related; some saying ↓ تَهَاوِشَ; and some, تَهَاوُشٍ; and some, نَهَاوِشَ, with ن, which is explained in the K as signifying مَظَالِم: the relation given in the S is that which is commonly known by the lexicologists; but all are correct, excepting that تَهَاوِش, with ت, and with a kesreh to the و, is disapproved by some of the lexicologists: (TA:) this last word is a contraction of تَهَاوِيشُ, pl. of ↓ تَهْوَِاشٌ, of the measure تَفْعَالٌ from الهَوْشُ, (K, TA,) meaning “ the collecting ”; and “ mixing,”

“ confusing,” or “ confounding ”: (TA:) or from هُشْتُ مَالًا حَرَامًا. (Sgh, TA.) A poet says, تَأْكُلُ مَاجَمَعْتَ مِنْ تَهْوَاشِ [Thou eatest what thou hast collected of things unlawfully acquired]. (Sgh, TA.)

هَمَذَانُ:
بالتحريك، والذال معجمة، وآخره نون، في الإقليم الرّابع، وطولها من جهة المغرب ثلاث وسبعون درجة، وعرضها ست وثلاثون درجة، قال هشام بن الكلبي: همذان سميت بهمذان بن الفلّوج ابن سام بن نوح، عليه السّلام، وهمذان وأصبهان أخوان بنى كل واحد منهما بلدة، ووجد في بعض كتب السريانيين في أخبار الملوك والبلدان: إن الذي بنى همذان يقال له كرميس بن حليمون، وذكر بعض علماء الفرس أن اسم همذان إنما كان نادمه ومعناه المحبوبة، وروي عن شعبة أنه قال: الجبال عسكر وهمذان معمعتها وهي أعذبها ماء وأطيبها هواء، وقال ربيعة بن عثمان: كان فتح همذان في جمادى الأولى على رأس ستة أشهر من مقتل عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، وكان الذي فتحها المغيرة بن شعبة في سنة 24 من الهجرة، وفي آخر: وجّه المغيرة بن شعبة وهو عامل عمر بن الخطاب على الكوفة بعد عزل عمار بن ياسر عنها جرير بن عبد الله البجلي إلى همذان في سنة 23 فقاتله أهلها وأصيبت عينه بسهم فقال: أحتسبها عند الله الذي زين بها وجهي ونوّر لي ما شاء ثم سلبنيها في سبيله، وجرى أمر همذان على مثل ما جرى عليه أمر نهاوند وذلك في آخر سنة 23 وغلب على أرضها قسرا وضمّها المغيرة إلى كثير بن شهاب والي الدينور، وإليه ينسب قصر كثير في نواحي الدينور، وقال بعض علماء الفرس: كانت همذان أكبر مدينة بالجبال وكانت أربعة فراسخ في مثلها، طولها من الجبل إلى قرية يقال لها زينوآباذ، وكان صنف التجار بها وصنف الصيارف بسنجاباذ، وكان القصر الخراب الذي بسنجاباذ تكون فيه الخزائن والأموال، وكان صنف البزازين في قرية يقال لها برشيقان، فيقال إن بخت نصّر بعث إليها قائدا
يقال له صقلاب في خمسمائة ألف رجل فأناخ عليها وأقام يقاتل أهلها مدة وهو لا يقدر عليها، فلما أعيته الحيلة فيها وعزم على الانصراف استشار أهله فقالوا:
الرأي أن تكتب إلى بخت نصر وتعلمه أمرك وتستأذنه في الانصراف، فكتب إليه: أما بعد فإني وردت على مدينة حصينة كثيرة الأهل منيعة واسعة الأنهار ملتفة الأشجار كثيرة المقاتلة وقد رمت أهلها فلم أقدر عليها وضجر أصحابي المقام وضاقت عليهم الميرة والعلوفة فإن أذن لي الملك بالانصراف فقد انصرفت.
فلما وصل الكتاب إلى بخت نصر كتب إليه: أما بعد فقد فهمت كتابك ورأيت أن تصوّر لي المدينة بجبالها وعيونها وطرقها وقراها ومنبع مياهها وتنفذ إليّ بذلك حتى يأتيك أمري، ففعل صقلاب ذلك وصوّر المدينة وأنفذ الصورة إليه وهو ببابل، فلما وقف عليه جمع الحكماء وقال: أجيلوا الرأي في هذه الصورة وانظروا من أين تفتح هذه المدينة، فأجمعوا على أن مياه عيونها تحبس حولا ثم تفتح وترسل على المدينة فإنها تغرق، فكتب بخت نصر إلى صقلاب بذلك وأمره بما قاله الحكماء، ففتح ذلك الماء بعد حبسه وأرسله على المدينة فهدم سورها وحيطانها وغرق أكثر أهلها فدخلها صقلاب وقتل المقاتلة وسبى الذرّية وأقام بها فوقع في أصحابه الطاعون فمات عامتهم حتى لم يبق منهم إلا قليل ودفنوا في أحواض من خزف فقبورهم معروفة توجد في المحالّ والسكك إذا عمروا دورهم وخرّبوا، ولم تزل همذان بعد ذلك خرابا حتى كانت حرب دارا بن دارا والإسكندر فإن دارا استشار أصحابه في أمره لما أظله الإسكندر فأشاروا عليه بمحاربته بعد أن يحرز حرمه وأمواله وخزائنه بمكان حريز لا يوصل إليه ويتجرد هو للقتال، فقال:
انظروا موضعا حريزا حصينا لذلك، فقالوا له: إن من وراء أرض الماهين جبالا لا ترام وهي شبيهة بالسند وهناك مدينة منيعة عتيقة قد خربت وبارت وهلك أهلها وحولها جبال شامخة يقال لها همذان فالرأي للملك أن يأمر ببنائها وإحكامها وأن يجعل في وسطها حصنا يكون للحرم والخزائن والعيال والأموال ويبني حول الحصن دور القوّاد والــخاصــة والمرازبة ثم يوكل بالمدينة اثني عشر ألف رجل من خاصــة الملك وثقاته يحمونها ويقاتلون عنها من رامها، قال: فأمر دارا ببناء همذان وبنى في وسطها قصرا عظيما مشرفا له ثلاثة أوجه وسماه ساروقا وجعل فيه ألف مخبإ لخزائنه وأمواله وأغلق عليه ثمانية أبواب حديد كل باب في ارتفاع اثني عشر ذراعا ثم أمر بأهله وولده وخزائنه فحوّلوا إليها وأسكنوها، وجعل في وسط القصر قصرا آخر صيّر فيه خواص حرمه وأحرز أمواله في تلك المخابىء، ووكل بالمدينة اثني عشر ألفا وجعلهم حراسا، وحكى بعض أهل همذان عنها مثل ما حكيناه أولا عن بخت نصر من حبس الماء وإطلاقه على البلد حتى خربه وفتحه، والله أعلم، ويقال إن أول من بنى همذان جم بن نوجهان بن شالخ بن أرفخشد بن سام بن نوح، عليه السّلام، وسماها سارو، ويعرب فيقال ساروق، وحصّنها بهمن بن إسفنديار، وإن دارا وجد المدينة حصينة المكان دارسة البناء فأعاد بناءها ثم كثر الناس بها في الزمان القديم حتى كانت منازلها تقدر بثلاثة فراسخ، وكان صنف الصاغة بها بقرية سنجاباذ واليوم تلك القرية على فرسخين من البلد، قال شيرويه في أخبار الفرس بلسانهم:
سارو جم كرد دارا كمر بست بهمن إسفنديار بسر آورد، معناه بنى الساروق جم ونطّقه دارا أي سوّره وعمم عليه سورا واستتمه وأحسنه بهمن بن إسفنديار، وذكر أيضا بعض مشايخ همذان أنها
أعتق مدينة بالجبل، واستدلوا على ذلك من بقية بناء قديم باق إلى الآن وهو طاق جسيم شاهق لا يدرى من بناه وللعامة فيه أخبار عامية ألغينا ذكرها خوف التهمة، وقال محمد بن بشار يذكر همذان وأروند:
ولقد أقول تيامني وتشاءمي ... وتواصلي ريما على همذان
بلد نبات الزعفران ترابه، ... وشرابه عسل بماء قنان
سقيا لأوجه من سقيت لذكرهم ... ماء الجوى بزجاجة الأحزان
كاد الفؤاد يطير مما شفّه ... شوقا بأجنحة من الخفقان
فكسا الربيع بلاد أهلك روضة ... تفترّ عن نفل وعن حوذان
حتى تعانق من خزاماك الذي ... بالجلهتين شقائق النعمان
وإذا تبجّست الثلوج تبجّست ... عن كوثر شبم وعن حيوان
متسلسلين على مذانب تلعة ... تثغو الجداء بها على الحملان
قال المؤلف: ولا شك عند كل من شاهد همذان بأنها من أحسن البلاد وأنزهها وأطيبها وأرفهها وما زالت محلّا للملوك ومعدنا لأهل الدين والفضل إلا أن شتاءها مفرط البرد بحيث قد أفردت فيه كتب وذكر أمره بالشعر والخطب وسنذكر من ذلك مناظرة جرت بين رجل من أهل العراق يقال له عبد القاهر بن حمزة الواسطي ورجل من همذان يقال له الحسين بن أبي سرح في أمرها فيه كفاية، قالوا:
وكانا كثيرا ما يلتقيان فيتحادثان الأدب ويتذاكران العلم وكان عبد القاهر لا يزال يذمّ الجبل وهواءه وأهله وشتاءه لأنه كان رجلا من أهل العراق وكان ابن أبي سرح مخالفا له كثيرا يذم العراق وأهله، فالتقيا يوما عند محمد بن إسحاق الفقيه وكان يوما شاتيا صادق البرد كثير الثلج وكان البرد قد بلغ من عبد القاهر مبالغه، فلما دخل وسلم قال: لعن الله الجبل ولعن ساكنيه وخص الله همذان من اللعن بأوفره وأكثره! فما أكدر هواءها وأشد بردها وأذاها وأشد مؤونتها وأقلّ خيرها وأكثر شرها، فقد سلط الله عليها الزمهرير الذي يعذب به أهل جهنم معما يحتاج الإنسان فيها من الدثار والمؤن المجحفة فوجوهكم يا أهل همذان مائلة وأنوفكم سائلة وأطرافكم خصرة وثيابكم متسخة وروائحكم قذرة ولحاكم دخانية وسبلكم منقطعة والفقر عليكم ظاهر والمستور في بلدكم مهتوك لأن شتاءكم يهدم الحيطان ويبرز الحصان ويفسد الطرق ويشعث الآطام، فطرقكم وحلة تتهافت فيها الدواب وتتقذر فيها الثياب وتتحطم الإبل وتخسف فيها الآبار وتفيض المياه وتكف السطوح وتهيج الرياح العواصف وتكون فيها الزلازل والخسوف والرعود والبروق والثلوج والدّمق فتنقطع عند ذلك السبل ويكثر الموت وتضيق المعايش، فالناس في جبلكم هذا في جميع أيام الشتاء يتوقعون العذاب ويخافون السخط والعقاب ثم يسمونه العدو المحاصر والكلب الكلب، ولذلك كتب عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، إلى بعض عماله: إنه قد أظلّكم الشتاء وهو العدو المحاصر فاستعدوا له الفراء واستنعلوا الحذاء، وقد قال الشاعر:
إذا جاء الشتاء فأدفئوني، ... فإن الشيخ يهدمه الشتاء
فالشتاء يهدم الحيطان فكيف الأبدان لا سيما شتاؤكم
الملعون، ثم فيكم أخلاق الفرس وجفاء العلوج وبخل أهل أصبهان ووقاحة أهل الريّ وفدامة أهل نهاوند وغلظ طبع أهل همذان على أن بلدكم هذا أشد البلدان بردا وأكثرها ثلجا وأضيقها طرقا وأوعرها مسلكا وأفقرها أهلا، وكان يقال أبرد البلدان ثلاثة: برذعة وقاليقلا وخوارزم، وهذا قول من لم يدخل بلدكم ولم يشاهد شتاءكم، وقد حدثني أبو جعفر محمد بن إسحاق المكتّب قال: لما قدم عبد الله بن المبارك همذان أوقدت بين يديه نار فكان إذا سخن باطن كفه أصاب ظاهرها البرد وإذا سخن ظاهرها أصاب باطنها البرد، فقال:
أقول لها ونحن على صلاء: ... أما للنار عندك حرّ نار؟
لئن خيّرت في البلدان يوما ... فما همذان عندي بالخيار
ثم التفت إلى ابن أبي سرح وقال: يا أبا عبد الله وهذا والدك يقول:
النار في همذان يبرد حرّها، ... والبرد في همذان داء مسقم
والفقر يكتم في بلاد غيرها، ... والفقر في همذان ما لا يكتم
قد قال كسرى حين أبصر تلّكم: ... همذان لا! انصرفوا فتلك جهنم
والدليل على هذا أن الأكاسرة ما كانت تدخل همذان لأن بناءهم متصل من المدائن إلى أزرميدخت من أسدآباذ ولم يجوزوا عقبة أسدآباذ، وبلغنا أن كسرى أبرويز همّ بدخول همذان فلما بلغ إلى موضع يقال له دوزخ دره، ومعناه بالعربية باب جهنم، قال لبعض وزرائه: ما يسمى هذا المكان؟ فعرّفه، فقال لأصحابه: انصرفوا فلا حاجة بنا إلى دخول مدينة فيها ذكر جهنم، وقد قال وهب بن شاذان الهمذاني شاعركم:
أما آن من همذان الرحيل ... من البلدة الحزنة الجامدة
فما في البلاد ولا أهلها ... من الخير من خصلة واحده
يشيب الشباب ولم يهرموا ... بها من ضبابتها الراكدة
سألتهم: أين أقصى الشتاء ... ومستقبل السنة الواردة؟
فقالوا: إلى جمرة المنتهى، ... فقد سقطت جمرة خامدة
وأيضا قد قال شاعركم:
يوم من الزمهرير مقرور ... على صبيب الضباب مزرور
كأنما حشوه جزائره ... وأرضه وجهها قوارير
يرمي البصير الحديد نظرته ... منها لأجفانه سمادير
وشمسه حرّة مخدّرة ... تسلّبت حين حمّ مقدور
تخال بالوجه من ضبابتها ... إذا حذت جلده زنابير
وقال كاتب بكر:
همذان متلفة النفوس ببردها ... والزمهرير، وحرّها مأمون
غلب الشتاء مصيفها وربيعها، ... فكأنما تموزها كانون
وسأل عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، رجلا: من أين أنت؟ فقال: من همذان، فقال: أما إنها مدينة همّ وأذى تجمد قلوب أهلها كما يجمد ماؤها، وقد قال شاعركم أيضا وهو أحمد بن بشّار يذم بلدكم وشدة برده وغلظ طبع أهله وما تحتاجون إليه من المؤن المجحفة الغليظة لشتائكم، وقيل لأعرابي دخل همذان ثم انصرف إلى البادية: كيف رأيت همذان؟
فقال: أما نهارهم فرقّاص وأما ليلهم فحمّال، يعني أنهم بالنهار يرقصون لتدفأ أرجلهم وبالليل حمّالون لكثرة دثارهم، ووقع أعرابيّ إلى همذان في الربيع فاستطاب الزمان وأنس بالأشجار والأنهار، فلما جاء الشتاء ورد عليه ما لم يعهده من البرد والأذى فقال:
بهمذان شقيت أموري ... عند انقضاء الصيف والحرور
جاءت بشرّ شرّ من عقور، ... ورمت الآفاق بالهرير
والثلج مقرون بزمهرير، ... لولا شعار العاقر النزور
أمّ الكبير وأبو الصغير ... لم يدف إنسان من الخصير
ولقد سمعت شيخا من علمائكم وذوي المعرفة منكم أنه يقول: يربح أهل همذان إذا كان يوم في الشتاء صافيا له شمس حارّة مائة ألف درهم، وقيل لابنة الحسن: أيّما أشد الشتاء أم الصيف؟ فقالت: من يجعل الأذى كالزّمّانة! لأن أهل همذان إذا اتفق لهم في الشتاء يوم صاف فيه شمس حارّة يبقى في أكياسهم مائة ألف درهم لأنهم يربحون فيه حطب الوقود وقيمته في همذان ورساتيقها في كل يوم مائة ألف درهم، وقيل لأعرابي: ما غاية البرد عندكم؟ فقال: إذا كانت السماء نقيّة والأرض نديّة والريح شاميّة فلا تسأل عن أهل البريّة، وقد جاء في الخبر أن همذان تخرب لقلة الحطب، ودخل أعرابيّ همذان فلما رأى هواءها وسمع كلام أهلها ذكر بلاده فقال:
وكيف أجيب داعيكم ودوني ... جبال الثلج مشرفة الرّعان
بلاد شكلها من غير شكلي، ... وألسنها مخالفة لساني
وأسماء النساء بها زنان، ... وأقرب بالزّنان من الزواني
فلما بلغ عبد القاهر إلى هذا المكان التفت إليه ابن أبي سرح وقال له: قد أكثرت المقال وأسرفت في الذمّ وأطلت الثّلب وطوّلت الخطبة، ثم صمد للإجابة فلم يأت بطائل أكثر من ذكر المفاخرة بين الصيف والشتاء والحر والبرد، ووصف أن بلادهم كثيرة الزهر والرياحين في الربيع وأنها تنبت الزعفران، وأن عندهم أنواعا من الألوان لا تكون في بلاد غيرهم، وأن مصيف الجبال طيّب فلم أر الإطالة بالإتيان به على وجهه، قالوا: وأقبل عبيد الله بن سليمان بن وهب إلى همذان في سنة 284 بمائة ألف دينار وسبعين ألف دينار بالكفاية على أن لا مؤونة على السلطان، وهي أربعة وعشرون رستاقا: همذان، وفرواز، وقوهياباذ، واناموج، وسيسار، وشراة العليا، وشراة الميانج، والاسفيذجان، وبحر، واباجر، وارغين، والمغارة، واسفيذار، والعلم الأحمر، وارناد، وسمير، وسردروذ، والمهران، وكوردور، وروذه، وساوه، وكان منها بسا وسلفانروذ وخرّقان ثم نقلت إلى قزوين، وهي ستمائة وستون قرية، وعملها من باب الكرج إلى سيسر طولا،
وعرضا من عقبة أسدآباذ إلى ساوه، قالوا: ومن عجائب همذان صورة أسد من حجر على باب المدينة يقال إنه طلسم للبرد من عمل بليناس صاحب الطلسمات حين وجّهه قباذ ليطلسم آفات بلاده، ويقال إن الفارس كان يغرق بفرسه في الثلج بهمذان لكثرة ثلوجها وبردها، فلما عمل لها هذا الطلسم في صورة الأسد قلّ ثلجها وصلح أمرها، وعمل أيضا على يمين الأسد طلسما للحيّات وآخر للعقارب فنقصت وآخر للغرق فأمنوه وآخر للبراغيث فهي قليلة جدّا بهمذان، ولما عمل بليناس هذه الطلسمات بهمذان استهان بها أهلها فاتخذ في جبلهم الذي يقال له أروند طلسما مشرفا على المدينة للجفاء والغلظ فهم أجفى الناس وأغلظهم طبعا، وعمل طلسما آخر للغدر فهم أغدر الناس فلذلك حوّلت الملوك الخزائن عنها خوفا من غدر أهلها، واتخذ طلسما آخر للحروب فليست تخلو من عسكر أو حرب، وقال محمد بن أحمد السلمي المعروف بابن الحاجب يذكر الأسد على باب همذان:
ألا أيها الليث الطويل مقامه ... على نوب الأيام والحدثان
أقمت فما تنوي البراح بحيلة، ... كأنك بوّاب على همذان
أطالب ذحل أنت من عند أهلها؟ ... أبن لي بحقّ واقع ببيان
أراك على الأيام تزداد جدّة، ... كأنك منها آخذ بأمان
أقبلك كان الدهر أم كنت قبله ... فنعلم أم ربّيتما بلبان؟
وهل أنتما ضدّان كلّ تفرّدت ... به نسبة أم أنتما أخوان؟
بقيت فما تفنى وأفنيت عالما ... سطا بهم موت بكل مكان
فلو كنت ذا نطق جلست محدثا، ... وحدثتنا عن أهل كل زمان
ولو كنت ذا روح تطالب مأكلا ... لأفنيت أكلا سائر الحيوان
أجنّبت شر الموت أم أنت منظر ... وإبليس حتى يبعث الثقلان
فلا هرما تخشى ولا الموت تتّقى ... بمضرب سيف أو شباة سنان
وعمّا قريب سوف يلحق ما بقي، ... وجسمك أبقى من حرا وأبان
قال: وكان المكتفي يهمّ بحمل الأسد من باب همذان إلى بغداد وذلك أنه نظر إليه فاستحسنه وكتب إلى عامل البلد يأمره بذلك، فاجتمع وجوه أهل الناحية وقالوا: هذا طلسم لبلدنا من آفات كثيرة ولا يجوز نقله فيهلك البلد، فكتب العامل بذلك وصعّب حمله في تلك العقاب والجبال والمدور، وكان قد أمر بحمل الفيلة لنقله على العجلة، فلما بلغه ذلك فترت نيته عن نقله فبقي مكانه إلى الآن، وقال شاعر أهل همذان وهو أحمد بن بشار يذم همذان وشدة برده وغلظ طبع أهله وما يحتاجون إليه من المؤن المجحفة الغليظة لشتائهم:
قد آن من همذان السير فانطلق، ... وارحل على شعب شمل غير متّفق
بئس اعتياض الفتى أرض الجبال له ... من العراق وباب الرزق لم يضق
أما الملوك فقد أودت سراتهم ... والغابرون بها في شيمة السّوق
ولا مقام على عيش ترنّقه ... أيدي الخطوب، وشرّ العيش ذو الرّنق
قد كنت أذكر شيئا من محاسنها ... أيّام لي فنن كاس من الورق
أرض يعذّب أهلوها ثمانية ... من الشهور كما عذّبت بالرّهق
تبقى حياتك ما تبقى بنافعة ... إلّا كما انتفع المجروض بالدمق
فإن رضيت بثلث العمر فارض به ... على شرائط من يقنع بما يمق
إذا ذوى البقل هاجت في بلادهم ... من جربيائهم نشّافة العرق
تبشّر الناس بالبلوى وتنذرهم ... ما لا يداوى بلبس الدّرع والدّرق
تلفّهم في عجاج لا تقوم لها ... قوائم الفيل فيل الماقط الشّبق
لا يملك المرء فيها كور عمّته ... حتى تطيّرها من فرط مخترق
فإن تكلم لاقته بمسكنة ... ملء الخياشيم والأفواه والحدق
فعندها ذهبت ألوانهم جزعا، ... واستقبلوا الجمع واستولوا على العلق
حتى تفاجئهم شهباء معضلة ... تستوعب الناس في سربالها اليقق
خطب بها غير هين من خطوبهم ... كالخنق ما منه من ملجا لمختنق
أمّا الغنيّ فمحصور يكابدها ... طول الشتاء مع اليربوع في نفق
يقول أطبق وأسبل يا غلام وأر ... خ السّتر واعجل بردّ الباب واندفق
وأوقدوا بتنانير تذكرهم ... نار الجحيم بها من يصل يحترق
والمملقون بها سبحان ربهم ... ماذا يقاسون طول الليل من أرق!
صبغ الشتاء، إذا حلّ الشتاء بها، ... صبغ المآتم للحسّانة الفنق
والذئب ليس إذا أمسى بمحتشم ... من أن يخالط أهل الدار والنّسق
فويل من كان في حيطانه قصر ... ولم يخصّ رتاج الباب بالغلق
وصاحب النسك ما تهدا فرائصه، ... والمستغيث بشرب الخمر في عرق
أمّا الصلاة فودّعها سوى طلل ... أقوى وأقفر من سلمى بذي العمق
تمسي وتصبح كالشيطان في قرن ... مستمسكا من حبال الله بالرّمق
والماء كالثلج، والأنهار جامدة، ... والأرض أضراسها تلقاك بالدّبق
حتى كأنّ قرون الغفر ناتئة ... تحت المواطئ والأقدام في الطرق
فكلّ غاد بها أو رائح عجل ... يمشي إلى أهلها غضبان ذا حنق
قوم غذاؤهم الألبان مذ خلقوا، ... فما لهم غيرها من مطعم أنق
لا يعبق الطيب في أصداغ نسوتهم، ... ولا جلودهم تبتلّ من عرق
فهم غلاظ جفاة في طباعهم ... إلّا تعلّة منسوب إلى الحمق
أفنيت عمري بها حولين من قدر ... لم أقو منها على دفع ولم أطق
قلت: وهذه القصيدة ليست من الشعر المختار وإنما كتبت للحكاية عن شرح حال همذان، وللشعراء أشعار كثيرة في برد همذان ووصف أروند، فأما أروند فقد ذكر في موضعه، وأما الأشعار التي قيلت في بردها ففي ما ذكرنا كفاية، وقال البديع الهمذاني فيها:
همذان لي بلد أقول بفضله، ... لكنه من أقبح البلدان
صبيانه في القبح مثل شيوخه، ... وشيوخه في العقل كالصبيان
وقال شيرويه: قال الأستاذ أبو العلاء محمد بن عليّ بن الحسن بن حستون الهمذاني الوزير من قصيدة:
يا أيها الملك الذي وصل العلا ... بالجود والإنعام والإحسان
قد خفت من سفر أطلّ عليّ في ... كانون في رمضان من همذان
بلد إليه أنتمي بمناسبي، ... لكنه من أقذر البلدان
صبيانه في القبح مثل شيوخه، ... وشيوخه في العقل كالصبيان
وقال شيرويه أيضا: إن سليمان بن داود، عليه السلام، اجتاز بموضع همذان فقال: ما بال هذا الموضع مع عظم مسيل مائه وسعة ساحته لا تبنى فيه مدينة! فقالوا: يا نبيّ الله لا يثبت أحد فيه لأن البرد ينصبّ فيه صبّا ويسقط الثلج قامة الرمح، فقال، عليه السّلام، لصخر الجني: هل من حيلة؟
قال: نعم، فاتخذ سبعا من حجر منقور ونصب طلسما للبرد وبنى المدينة، وقيل: أول من أسسها دارا الأكبر، قال كعب الأحبار: متى أراد الله أن يخرّب هذه المدينة سقط ذلك الطلسم فتخرب بإذن الله، قال شيرويه: والسبع هو الأسد المنحوت من الحجر الخورزني، وخورزن: جبل بباب همذان الموضوع على الكثيب الذي على ذنب الأسد، وهذا الأسد من عجائب همذان منحوت من صخرة واحدة وجوارحه غير منفصلة عن قوائمه كأنه ليث غابة ولم يزل في هذا الموضع منذ زمن سليمان، عليه السّلام، وقيل: من زمان قباذ الأكبر لأنه أمر بليناس الحكيم بعمله إلى سنة 319 فإن مرداويج دخل المدينة ونهب أهلها وسباهم فقيل له إن هذا السبع طلسم لهذه المدينة من الآفات وفيه منافع لأهله، فأراد حمله إلى الرّيّ فلم يقدر فكسرت يداه بالفطّيس.

ربل

1 رَبَلُوا, (T, S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (T, S, K) and رَبِلَ, (K,) inf. n. رُبُولٌ, (T,) They multiplied; became many in number: (T, M, K:) they increased and multiplied: (S:) and their children multiplied, and their cattle, or property. (M, K.) See also 8. b2: رَبَلَتْ She (a woman) was, or became, fleshy; (M;) and so ↓ تربّلت. (S.) And you say also لَحْمُهُ ↓ تربّل [app. meaning His flesh was, or became, abundant]. (M in art. رأبل.) A2: رَبَلَتِ الأَرْضُ, (IDrd, M, K,) inf. n. رَبْلُ; (IDrd, TA;) and ↓ اربلت; (IDrd, M, K;) The land produced رَبْل [q. v.]: (IDrd, K:) or abounded with رَبْل: (M:) or the latter signifies it ceased not to have in it رَبْل. (T.) And رَبَلَتِ المَرَاعِى The pasturages abounded with herbage. (T.) [See also 5.]4 أَرْبَلَ see above.

A2: Also اربل He was, or became, wicked, crafty, or cunning; [like رَأْبَلَ; see art. رأبل;] and lay in wait for the purpose of doing evil, or mischief. (TA.) 5 تَرَبَّلَ see 1, in two places.

A2: تربِّلت الأَرْضُ The land had trees such as are termed رَبْل; i. e. breaking forth with green leaves, without rain, when the season had become cool to them, and the summer had retired: (As, A'Obeyd, T:) or the land became green after dryness, at the advent of autumn. (S.) And تربّل الشَّجَرُ The trees put forth leaves such as are termed رَبْل. (M, K. *) b2: تربّل also signifies He ate رَبْل; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) said of a gazelle. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) and They (a company of men) pastured their cattle upon رَبْل. (M, K.) And He prosecuted a search after رَبْل. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b3: Also He took, captured, caught, snared, or trapped; or sought to take &c.; game, or wild animals, or the like. (M, K.) You say, خَرَجُوا يَتَرَبَّلُونَ They went forth to take &c., or seeking to take &c., game &c. (M.) 8 ارتبل مَالُهُ His cattle, or property, multiplied; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) like ↓ رَبَلَ. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) Q. Q. 2 تَرَيْبَلَ, originally تَرَأْبَلَ: see the latter, in art. رأبل.

رَبْلٌ Fat, and soft, or supple: [perhaps, in this sense, a contraction, by poetic license, of رَبِلٌ:] an epithet applied to a man. (Ham p. 630.) A2: Also A sort of trees which, when the season has become cool to them, and the summer has retired, break forth with green leaves, without rain: (As, A'Obeyd, T, S:) or certain sorts of trees that break forth [with leaves] in the end of the hot season, after the drying up, by reason of the coolness of the night, without rain: (K:) accord. to Aboo-Ziyád, a plant, or herbage, that scarcely, or never, grows but after the ground has dried up; as also رَيِّحَةٌ and خِلْفَةٌ and رِبَّةٌ: (TA:) [and] leaves that break forth in the end of the hot season, after the drying up, by reason of the coolness of the night, without rain: (M:) pl. رُبُولٌ. (S, M, K.) رَبَلٌ A certain plant, intensely green, abounding at Bulbeys [a town in the eastern province of Lower Egypt, commonly called Belbeys or Bilbeys,] (K) and its neighbourhood: (TA:) two drachms thereof are an antidote for the bite of the viper. (K.) رَبِلٌ, applied to a man, Fleshy: (A'Obeyd, S, TA:) or fleshy and fat. (TA. [See also رَبِيلٌ.]) And [in like manner the fem.] رَبِلَةٌ, as also ↓ مَتَرَبِّلَةٌ, Fleshy (M, K) and fat; applied to a woman. (M.) And رَبِلَةٌ applied to a woman signifies also Large in the رَبَلَات [pl. of رَبَلَةٌ, q. v.]; (Lth, T, M, K;) as also ↓ رَبْلَأءُ: (M, K:) or both signify رَفْغَآءُ; (O, K; [in the CK, erroneously, رَقْعاءُ;]) i. e. narrow in the أَرْقَاغ [or groins, or inguinal creases, or the like], as expl. in the 'Eyn: (TA:) or you say رَبْلَآءُ رَفْغَآءُ, meaning [app., as seems to be implied in the context, large in the رَبَلَات and] narrow in the أَرْفَاغ. (Lth, T.) رَبْلَةٌ: see what next follows.

رَبَلَةٌ (Az, T, S, M, K) and ↓ رَبْلَةٌ, (S, M, K,) the former said by As to be the more chaste, (S,) The inner part of the thigh; (Az, T, S, M, K;) i. e., of each thigh, of a man: (Az, T:) or any large portion of flesh: (M, K:) or the parts (M, K) of the inner side of the thigh [or of each thigh] (M) that surround the udder (M, K) and the vulva: (K:) pl. رَبَلَاتٌ; (Az, T, S, M, K;) which Th explains as meaning the roots of the thighs. (M, TA.) رَبَالٌ Fleshiness and fatness. (IAar, T. [Thus in two copies of the T, without ة. See also رَبَالَةٌ.]) رَبِيلٌ Fleshy; applied to a man: (T:) or corpulent, large in body, or big-bodied; so applied: (TA:) and with ة fat; applied to a woman. (TT, as from the T; but wanting in a copy of the T. [See also رَبِلٌ.]) b2: [Also] A thief who goes on a hostile, or hostile and plundering, expedition, (M, K,) against a party, (M,) by himself. (M, K. [See also رِيبَالٌ; and see Q. 2 in art. رأبل.]) رَبَالَةٌ Fleshiness, (A'Obeyd, S, M, K,) and some add and fatness. (TA. [See also رَبَالٌ.]) b2: بئْرٌ ذَاتُ رَبَالَةٍ A well of which the water is wholesome and fattening to the drinkers. (Ham p. 367.) رَبِيلَةٌ Fatness; (S, M, K;) and ease, or ampleness of the circumstances, or plentifulness and pleasantness, or softness or delicateness, of life: (M, K: [in the CK, النِّعْمَةُ is erroneously put for النَّعْمَةٌ:]) or the primary signification is softness, or suppleness, and fatness. (Ham p. 367.) رَيْبَلٌ, applied to a woman, Soft, or tender: (O, TA:) or fleshy: (TA:) or soft, or tender, and fleshy. (K. [In the CK, النّاقةُ is erroneously put for النَّاعِمَةُ.]) رَابِلَةٌ The flesh of the shoulder-blade. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) رِيبَالٌ The lion; (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K;). as also رِئْبَالٌ, (S,) which is the original form, (M in art. رأبل, q. v.,) derived from رَأْبَلَةٌ signifying

“ wickedness,” &c.: (TA in that art.:) Aboo-Sa'eed says that it is allowable to omit the ء [and substitute for it ى]: (S:) [and Az says,] thus I have heard it pronounced by the Arabs, without ء: (T:) or, accord. to Skr, it signifies a fleshy and young lion: (TA:) the pl. is رَيَابِلَةٌ (T, TA) and رَيَابِيلُ: (S, TA:) and hence رَيَابِيلُ العَرَبِ, meaning Those, of the Arabs, who used to go on hostile, or hostile and plundering, expeditions, upon their feet [and alone]. (TA. [See also رَبِيلٌ; and see Q. 2 in art. رأبل.]) It is also applied as an epithet to a wolf: and to a thief: (T, S:) accord. to Lth, because of their boldness: (T:) or as meaning Malignant, guileful, or crafty. (TA.) Applied to an old, or elderly, man, (M, K,) it means Advanced in age, (M,) or weak, or feeble. (K.) Also One who is the only offspring of his mother. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) b2: Applied to herbage, Tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, and tall. (Fr, T, K.) رِيبَالَةٌ A cunning, or crafty, lion. (TA.) رَبْلُ أَرْبَلُ means, (M, K,) app., (M,) Good, or excellent, رَبْل. (M, K. *) A2: رَبْلَآءُ [its fem.]: see رَبِلٌ.

أَرْضٌ مِرْبَالٌ A land that ceases not to have in it رَبْل: (T:) or a land abounding therewith. (M, K.) مُتَرَبِّلَةٌ, applied to a woman: see رَبِلٌ.

عرس

1 عَرِسَ بِهِ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَرَسٌ, (TA,) He kept, or clave, to him or it; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَعْرَسَهُ. (O, K.) From this, and from another signification of the same verb, which see below, عَرُوسٌ is said [by some] to be derived. (Msb.) You say, عَرِسَ الرَّجُلُ بِقِرْنِهِ The man kept, or clave, to his opponent or adversary, in fight. (Mgh.) And عَرِسَ الصَّبِىُّ بِأُمِّهِ, (TA,) or أُمَّهُ, (Mgh,) The child kept to his mother. (Mgh, TA.) And عَرِسَ الشَّرُّ بِهِمْ Evil clung, or stuck fast, to them, and continued. (TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps,] عَرِسَ الشَّىْءُ, [or, perhaps, الشَّرُّ,] inf. n. as above, The thing [or evil or mischief] became vehement, or severe, or distressful. (TA.) A2: عَرِسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَسٌ, He (a man) was, or became, fatigued: (TA:) or عَرِسَ, (IKtt,) or عَرِسَ عَنِ الجِمَاعِ, (Msb,) he (a man) was, or became, fatigued, or weak, and so disabled, or incapacitated, from copulation; syn. كَلَّ, (Msb,) and أَعْيَا, (IKtt, Msb,) عن الجماع. (IKtt.) From this, and from another signification of the same verb, mentioned above, عَرُوسٌ is said [by some] to be derived. (Msb.) b2: Also He was, or became, confounded or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. دَهِشَ: (S, O, K:) and so عَرِشَ. (TA.) b3: and عَرِسَ عَنْهُ He held back, or refrained, from him, or it, through cowardice. (TA.) b4: And عَرِسَ عَلَىَّ مَا عِنْدَهُ i. q. اِمْتَنَعَ [i. e. What he had was unattainable, or difficult of attainment, to me]. (IAar, O, K. [In the CK, علَى is put for عَلَىَّ.]) A3: عَرَسَ البَعِيرَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, TA) and عَرِسَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَرْسٌ, (S, O,) He bound the camel's fore shank to his neck, (S, O, K,) while he was lying down, (S, O,) with the rope called ↓ عِرَاسٌ: (S, O, K:) or, as some say, he bound the neck of the camel to both of his fore legs. (TA.) 2 عرّسوا, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَعْرِيسٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb;) and ↓ اعرسوا; (S, O, K;) but the former is the more common; (K;) the latter, rare; (S, O;) They alighted (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) during a journey, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) in the last part of the night, (S, Mgh, O, K,) for a rest, (S, O, Msb, K,) and made their camels lie down, and took a nap, or slight sleep, (TA,) and then departed, (S, Msb,) and continued their journey, at daybreak: (TA:) [see also 2 in art. عوه:] or they journeyed all the day, and alighted in the first part of the night: (TA:) or they alighted (Az, Msb, TA) in a usual place of resort (TA) at any time of the night or day. (Az, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] لَيْلَةُ التَّعْرِيسِ The night in which the Apostle of God slept: (O, K:) the story of which is well known, in the biographies of him and in the traditions. (TA.) [It was when he was returning from the siege and capture of Kheyber: he halted in the latter part of the night, and unintentionally slept until the time of the prayer of daybreak had passed. See “ Mishcàt ul-Masábìh,” vol. i., p. 146.]

A2: See also 4.

A3: عُرِّسَ, inf. n. as above, It (a chamber) had an عَرْس [q. v.] made to it. (TA.) 4 اعرس He made, or prepared, a marriagefeast. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) b2: [He became a bridegroom.] And اعرس بِأَهْلِهِ, (S, O, K,) or بِامْرَأَتِهِ, (Mgh, * Msb,) He had his wife conducted to him on the occasion of the marriage; syn. بَنَى

بِهَا, (T, S,) or بَنَى عَلَيْهَا; (Mgh, O, K;) as also بها ↓ عرّس; (TA;) or this latter is only used by the vulgar; (S, O, TA;) or is a mistake: (Mgh, Msb:) and he abode with his wife during the days of and after that event: (TA:) [and] he went in to his wife (IAth, Msb) [a signification which may be meant to be included in the explanation بني بها or بنى عليها] on the occasion of that event; meaning, he compressed her; وَطْءٌ being thus called إِعْرَاسٌ because it is a consequence of إِعْرَاس [properly so termed]: (IAth:) the phrase also signifies [simply] he compressed his wife. (S, TA.) A2: See also 2: A3: and see عَرِسَ بِهِ.5 تعرّس لِامْرَأَتِهِ He manifested, or showed, love, or affection, to his wife, (A, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) and kept to her. (TA.) [App. originally signifying He behaved like a bridegroom (عَرُوس) to his wife.]

عَرْسٌ A wall which is placed between the two [main lateral] walls of the winter-chamber, not reaching to the further end thereof, (S, O, K, TA,) then the beam is laid from the inner extremity of that wall to the further end of the chamber, (TA,) and it is roofed over, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. the whole chamber is roofed over: what is between the two walls [above mentioned] is [called] a سَهْوَة [q. v.], and what is beneath the beam [app. with what is screened by the middle wall from the portion (of the chamber) in which is the entrance] is the مُِخْدَع: (TA:) this is done for the sake of more warmth, and only in cold countries: (S, O, K, TA:) and it is called in Pers\. بيجه [correctly پيچه]: (S, TA:) and عَرْصٌ is [said to be] a dial. var. thereof. (TA.) عُرْسٌ (Az, S, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُسٌ (Az, S, K) substs. from أَعْرَسَ as signifying “ he had his wife conducted to him on the occasion of his marriage,” and “ he went in to her: ” (Az, TA:) The ceremony of conducting a bride to her husband: (Msb:) or the ministration, or performance, of a marriage, and of the ceremony of conducting the bride to her husband: (TA:) or [simply] marriage: or coitus: syn. نِكَاحٌ: (K, TA:) because this is the real thing intended by الإِعْرَاس: (TA:) in the first of these senses, it is masc. and fem.; or, accord. to some, fem. only: as masc., its pl. is أَعْرَاسٌ; and as fem., its pl. is عُرُسَاتٌ. (Msb.) Hence [the trad.], إِذَا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى وَلِيمَةِ عُرْسٍ فَلْيُجِبْ When any one of you is invited to a marriage-feast, or a feast given on the occasion of the conducting of a bride to her husband, let him consent. (Mgh.) b2: And hence, (Az, TA,) A marriage-feast: (A 'Obeyd, Az, S, O, K:) or a feast made on the occasion of conducting a bride to her husband: (Msb:) in this sense it is masc.: (Msb:) or mase, and fem.: (S, O:) or fem., and sometimes mase. (Az, TA.) A rájiz says, إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا عُرُسَ الحَنَّاطِ لَئِيمَةً مَذْمُومَةَ الحُوَّاطِ [Verily we found the marriage-feast of the wheatseller to be mean, discommended for the managers: see also حُوَاطَةٌ]. (Az, S, O, TA.) Pl. as above, i. e., أَعْرَاسٌ and عُرُسَاتٌ. (S, O, K.) [See an ex. voce خُرْسٌ.] b3: [And hence,] A state of rejoicing. (IB, voce مَأْتَمٌ, q. v.) b4: The dim. is [عُرَيْسٌ,] without ة; which is extr., [accord. to those who hold it to be fem. only,] for [accord, to them] it should have ة, being a fem. n. of three letters. (TA.) عِرْسٌ A man's wife: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) and a woman's husband: (O, Msb, K:) pl. (in both senses, TA) أَعْرَاسٌ: (S, O, Msb, K, TA:) the dual, عِرْسَانِ, is sometimes applied to the male and female, (S, O,) or husband and wife: (TA:) and to a male and female ostrich: (IB:) and the sing., to the mate of the lion: (S, A, O, K:) and the pl. is applied, metaphorically, by Málik Ibn-Khuweylid El-Hudhalee, to lions. (TA.) A2: اِبْنُ عِرْسٍ [The weasel; and a weasel;] a certain small animal, (Lth, S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (TA,) resembling the rat (الفَأْرَة), (Msb,) smaller than the cat, (Lth, O, TA,) having the lower lip cleft (أَشْتَرُ), and very short ears, as though they were amputated, (Lth, O, K,) and having a canine tooth; (TA;) called in Persian رَاسُوْ: (S, Mgh:) the name is determinate and indeterminate: (TA:) pl. بَنَاتُ عِرْسٍ, (S, Msb, K,) applied to the males and the females; (O, K;) like as you say اِبْنُ آوَى and اِبْنُ مَخَاضٍ and اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ and اِبْنُ مَآءٍ, and in the pl. بَنَاتُ آوَى and بَنَاتُ مَخَاضٍ and بَنَاتُ لَبُونٍ and بَنَاتُ مَآءٍ; or, accord. to Akh, you say بَنَاتُ عِرْسٍ and بَنُو عِرْسٍ, like بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ and بَنُو نَعْشٍ. (S, O.) عِرِسٌ One who quits not the place of conflict, by reason of courage. (TA.) b2: العَرِسُ The lion: (O, K:) because he keeps to the preying upon men; or because he keeps to his covert, or retreat. (O, * TA.) A2: Also Confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. دَهِشٌ. (S, O, K.) عُرُسٌ: see عُرْسٌ.

عِرْسِىٌّ A certain dye; (K;) a certain colour of dye, likened to the colour of the اِبْنُ عِرْس [or weasel]. (S, O.) عِرَاسٌ: see 1, last sentence.

عَرُوسٌ A bridegroom: and a bride: i. e., a man, and a woman, during the period of their إِعْرَاس or أَعْرَاس [thus differently written in different MSS.]; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) or when the one goes in to the other: (IAth:) you say رَجُلٌ عَرُوسٌ [a bridegroom, vulgarly, in the present day, ↓ عَرِيس,] and اِمْرَأَةٌ عَرُوسٌ [a bride, vulgarly, in the present day, ↓ عَرُوسَة]: (S:) and عُرُوسٌ is a dial. var. of the same: (IAar, TA:) pl. mase.

عُرُسٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and أَعْرَاسٌ; (TA;) and pl. fem. عَرَائِسُ. (S, O, Msb, K.) [See عَرِسَ, in two places.] It is said in a prov., كَادَ العَرُوسُ يَكُونُ أَمِيرًا [The bridegroom was near to being a prince]. (S: in the O, مَلِكًا.) The dim. is عُرَيِّسٌ, without the addition of ة to distinguish the fem., because of the fourth letter. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَبْيَاتٌ عَرَائِسُ (tropical:) Verses of which the words are marked with diacritical points: for, as Esh-Shereeshee says, the Arabs used to adorn the bride by speckling her cheeks with saffron: opposed to أَبْيَاتٌ عَوَاطِلُ. (Har p. 610.) b3: [Hence also,] عَرَائِسُ الإِبِلِ (assumed tropical:) The high-bred of camels. (A.) عَرِيس: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَرُوسَة: see the next preceding paragraph.

عِرِّيسٌ and عِرِّيسَةٌ, [the latter the more common,] A thicket: (L:) the covert, or retreat, of the lion, (S, O, K, TA,) in a thicket. (TA.) [It is said in a prov.,] كَمُبْتَغِى الصَّيْدِ فِى عِرِّيسَةِ الأَسَدِ [Like the seeker of game in the covert of the lion]: from a verse of Et-Tirimmáh. (Z, O. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 360.] (TA.) b2: Also the former, The place of growth [or origin] of the stock of a man, among his people. (TA.) عِرِّيسَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُعْرَسٌ: see what next follows.

مُعَرَّسٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْرَسٌ, (O, K,) [the former of which is the more common,] A place where people alight (S, O, K) during a journey, (S,) in the last part of the night, for a rest, (S, O, K,) and make their camels lie down, and take a nap, or slight sleep, (TA,) after which they depart, (S,) and continue their journey, at daybreak: (TA:) or a place where people alight in the first part of the night, after journeying all the day: or a usual place of resort where people alight at any time of the night or day. (TA.) b2: Also the former, A chamber (بَيْت) having an عَرْس [q. v.] made to it. (S, O, K.)

ثَنَى الشَّيْءَ، كَسَعَى: رَدَّ بَعْضَهُ على بَعْضٍ،
فَتَثَنَّى وانْثَنَى واثْنَوْنَى: انْعَطَفَ.
وأثْناءُ الشَّيْءِ ومَثَانِيهِ: قُواهُ، وطاقاتُهُ، واحِدُها: ثِنْيٌ، بالكسر: ومَثْناةٌ، ويُكْسَرُ.
وثِنْيُ الحَيَّةِ، بالكسر: انْثناؤُها، أَو ما تَعَوَّجَ منها إذا تَثَنَّتْ،
وـ من الوادِي: مُنْعَطَفُهُ
ج: أثْناءٌ.
وشاةٌ ثانِيَةٌ، بَيِّنَةُ الثِّنْيِ، بالكسر: تَثْنِي عُنُقَها لغَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ.
والاِثْنانِ: ضِعْفُ الواحِدِ، والمُؤَنَّثُ: ثِنْتانِ، وأصْلُهُ: ثِنْيٌ، لجَمْعِهِم إيَّاهُ على ثْناءٍ.
وَثَنَّاهُ تَثْنِيَةً: جَعَلَهُ اثْنَيْنِ.
وهذا واحِدٌ فاثْنِه: كُنْ ثانِيَهُ.
وهو لا يَثْنِي ولا يَثْلِثُ، أي: كَبيرٌ لا يَقْدِرُ أنْ يَنْهَضَ، لا في مَرَّةٍ، ولا في مَرَّتَيْنِ، ولا في الثَّالِثَةِ. وثَناءُ بنُ أحمدَ: مُحَدِّثٌ.
وجاؤُوا مَثْنَى وثُناءَ، كغُرابٍ، أي: اثْنَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ، وثِنْتَيْنِ ثِنْتَينِ.
والاثْنانِ والثِّنَى، كإلَى: يَوْمٌ في الأُسْبُوعِ
ج: أثْناءٌ وأثانِينُ. وجاءَ في الشِّعْرِ يَوْمُ اثْنَيْنِ، بلا لامٍ.
والإِثْنَوِيُّ: من يَصُومُهُ دائِماً وحْدَهُ.
والمَثانِي: القُرْآنُ، أو ما ثُنِّيَ منه مَرَّةً بَعْدَ مَرَّةٍ، أو الحَمْدُ، أو البَقَرَةُ إلى بَراءَة، أو كُلُّ سورَةٍ دُونَ الطُّوَلِ، ودُونَ المِئَتَيْنِ، وفَوْقَ المُفَصَّلِ، أو سُورَةُ الحَجِّ والنَّمْلِ والقَصَصِ والعَنْكَبُوتِ والنُّورِ والأنْفالِ ومَرْيَمَ والرُّومِ ويس والفُرْقانِ والحِجْرِ والرَّعْدِ وسَبَأَ والملآئكَةِ وإبراهيمَ وص~، ومُحَمدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولُقْمَانَ والغُرَفِ والزُّخْرُفِ والمُؤْمِنِ والسَّجْدَةِ والأحْقافِ والجاثِيَةِ والدُّخانِ والأحْزابِ،
وـ من أوتارِ العُودِ: الذي بعدَ الأولِ، واحِدُها: مَثْنَى،
وـ من الوادِي: مَعَاطِفُهُ،
وـ من الدَّابَّةِ: رُكْبَتَاها ومِرفَقاها.
ولا ثِنَى في الصَّدَقةِ، كإلَى، أي: لا تُؤْخَذُ مَرَّتَيْنِ في عامٍ، أو لا تُؤْخَذُ ناقَتانِ مكانَ واحِدَةٍ، أو لا رُجوعَ فيها، وإذا وَلَدَتْ ناقةٌ مرةً ثانِيَةً،
فهي ثِنْيٌ، ووَلَدُها ذلك: ثِنْيُها.
ومَثْنَى الأَيادِي: إعادةُ المَعْروفِ مَرَّتَيْنِ فأَكْثَرَ، والأنْصِباءُ الفاضِلَةُ من جَزُورِ المَيْسِرِ، كان الرجُلُ الجَوادُ يَشْتَرِيها، ويُطْعِمُها الأَبْرامَ،
والمَثْناةُ: حَبْلٌ من صُوفٍ أَو شَعَرٍ أو غيرِهِ، ويُكْسَرُ،
كالثِّنايةِ والثِّناءِ، بكسرهما، وما اسْتُكْتِبَ من غيرِ كتابِ الله، أَو كِتابٌ فيه أخْبار بني إِسْرائيلَ بعدَ مُوسى، أحَلُّوا فيه وحَرَّموا ما شاؤُوا، أَو هي الغِناءُ، أَو التي تُسَمَّى بالفارِسِيَّةِ دُوبَيْتِي.
والثُّنْيانُ، بالضم: الذي بعدَ السَّيِّدِ،
كالثِّنْيِ، بالكسر وكهُدًى وإلى
ج: ثِنْيَة، ومَنْ لا رَأْيَ له ولا عَقْلَ، والفاسِدُ من الرأْيِ.
وثِنْيٌ من الليل، بالكسر: ساعَةٌ، أَو وَقْتٌ.
والثَّنِيَّةُ: العَقَبَةُ، أَو طَرِيقُها، أَو الجَبَلُ، أَو الطَّريقَةُ فيه أَو إليه، والشُّهَداءُ الذِينَ اسْتَثْناهُمُ الله عن الصَّعْقَةِ، وبمعنى الاستِثْناءِ،
وـ من الأضْراسِ: الأربَعُ التي في مُقَدَّمِ الفَمِ: ثِنْتانِ من فَوْقُ، وثِنْتانِ من أسْفَلَ، والناقةُ الطاعِنَةُ في السادِسَةِ، والبَعيرُ: ثَنِيٌّ، والفَرَسُ الداخِلَةُ في الرَّابِعَةِ، والشَّاةُ في الثَّالِثَةِ، كالبَقَرَةِ، والنَّخْلَةُ المُسْتَثْناةُ من المُساوَمَةِ.
والثُّنْيَا، بالضم، من الجَزُورِ: الرأسُ، والقوائِمُ، وكُلُّ ما اسْتَثْنَيْتَه،
كالثُّنْوَى والثُّنْيَةِ.
والمُثَنَّاةُ: ع. ومُثَنَّى: اسمٌ.
واثَّنَى، كافْتَعَلَ: تَثَنَّى.
وأَثْنَى البعيرُ: صارَ ثَنِيًّا.
والثَّناءُ، بالفتح،
والتَّثْنِيَةُ: وصْفٌ بمَدْحٍ أو ذَمٍّ، أو خاصٌّ بالمَدْحِ، وقد أثْنَى عليه وثَنَّى. وككِتابٍ: الفِناءُ، وعِقالُ البعيرِ، عن ابنِ السَّيِّدِ.