سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

دِمَشْقُ الشّام:
بكسر أوله، وفتح ثانيه، هكذا رواه الجمهور، والكسر لغة فيه، وشين معجمة، وآخره قاف: البلدة المشهورة قصبة الشام، وهي جنة الأرض بلا خلاف لحسن عمارة ونضارة بقعة وكثرة فاكهة ونزاهة رقعة وكثرة مياه ووجود مآرب، قيل: سميت بذلك لأنهم دمشقوا في بنائها أي أسرعوا، وناقة دمشق، بفتح الدال وسكون الميم: سريعة، وناقة دمشقة اللحم: خفيفة، قال الزّفيان:
وصاحبي ذات هباب دمشق
قال صاحب الزيج: دمشق طولها ستون درجة، وعرضها ثلاث وثلاثون درجة ونصف، وهي في الإقليم الثالث، وقال أهل السير: سمّيت دمشق بدماشق بن قاني بن مالك بن أرفخشد بن سام بن نوح، عليه السلام، فهذا قول ابن الكلبي، وقال في موضع آخر: ولد يقطان بن عامر سالف وهم السلف وهو الذي بنى قصبة دمشق، وقيل: أول من بناها بيوراسف، وقيل: بنيت دمشق على رأس ثلاثة آلاف ومائة وخمس وأربعين سنة من جملة الدهر الذي يقولون إنه سبعة آلاف سنة، وولد إبراهيم الخليل، عليه السلام، بعد بنائها بخمس سنين، وقيل:
إن الذي بنى دمشق جيرون بن سعد بن عاد بن إرم ابن سام بن نوح، عليه السلام، وسماها إرم ذات العماد، وقيل: إن هودا، عليه السلام، نزل دمشق وأسس الحائط الذي في قبلي جامعها، وقيل: إن العازر غلام إبراهيم، عليه السلام، بنى دمشق وكان حبشيّا وهبه له نمرود بن كنعان حين خرج إبراهيم من النار، وكان يسمّى الغلام دمشق فسماها باسمه،
وكان إبراهيم، عليه السلام، قد جعله على كلّ شيء له، وسكنها الروم بعد ذلك، وقال غير هؤلاء:
سميت بدماشق بن نمرود بن كنعان وهو الذي بناها، وكان معه إبراهيم، كان دفعه إليه نمرود بعد أن نجّى الله تعالى إبراهيم من النار، وقال آخرون: سميت بدمشق بن إرم بن سام بن نوح، عليه السلام، وهو أخو فلسطين وأيلياء وحمص والأردنّ، وبنى كلّ واحد موضعا فسمي به، وقال أهل الثقة من أهل السير: إن آدم، عليه السلام، تكان ينزل في موضع يعرف الآن ببيت انات وحوّاء في بيت لهيا وهابيل في مقرى، وكان صاحب غنم، وقابيل في قنينة، وكان صاحب زرع، وهذه المواضع حول دمشق، وكان في الموضع الذي يعرف الآن بباب الساعات عند الجامع صخرة عظيمة يوضع عليها القربان فما يقبل منه تنزل نار تحرقه وما لا يقبل بقي على حاله، فكان هابيل قد جاء بكبش سمين من غنمه فوضعه على الصخرة فنزلت النار فأحرقته، وجاء قابيل بحنطة من غلّته فوضعها على الصخرة فبقيت على حالها، فحسد قابيل أخاه وتبعه إلى الجبل المعروف بقاسيون المشرف على بقعة دمشق وأراد قتله، فلم يدر كيف يصنع فأتاه إبليس فأخذ حجرا وجعل يضرب به رأسه فلما رآه أخذ حجرا فضرب به رأس أخيه فقتله على جبل قاسيون، وأنا رأيت هناك حجرا عليه شيء كالدم يزعم أهل الشام أنه الحجر الذي قتله به، وأن ذلك الاحمرار الذي عليه أثر دم هابيل، وبين يديه مغارة تزار حسنة يقال لها مغارة الدم، لذلك رأيتها في لحف الجبل الذي يعرف بجبل قاسيون.
وقد روى بعض الأوائل أن مكان دمشق كان دارا لنوح، عليه السلام، ومنشأ خشب السفينة من جبل لبنان وأنّ ركوبه في السفينة كان من عين الجرّ من ناحية البقاع، وقد روي عن كعب الأحبار:
أن أوّل حائط وضع في الأرض بعد الطوفان حائط دمشق وحرّان، وفي الأخبار القديمة عن شيوخ دمشق الأوائل: أن دار شدّاد بن عاد بدمشق في سوق التين يفتح بابها شأما إلى الطريق وأنه كان يزرع له الريحان والورد وغير ذلك فوق الأعمدة بين القنطرتين قنطرة دار بطّيخ وقنطرة سوق التين، وكانت يومئذ سقيفة فوق العمد، وقال أحمد بن الطيب السرخسي: بين بغداد ودمشق مائتان وثلاثون فرسخا.
وقالوا في قول الله عز وجل: وَآوَيْناهُما إِلى رَبْوَةٍ ذاتِ قَرارٍ وَمَعِينٍ 23: 50، قال: هي دمشق ذات قرار وذات رخاء من العيش وسعة ومعين كثيرة الماء، وقال قتادة في قول الله عز وجل والتين قال: الجبل الذي عليه دمشق، والزيتون: الجبل الذي عليه بيت المقدس، وطور سينين: شعب حسن، وهذا البلد الأمين: مكة، وقيل: إرم ذات العماد دمشق، وقال الأصمعي: جنان الدنيا ثلاث: غوطة دمشق ونهر بلخ ونهر الأبلّة، وحشوش الدنيا ثلاثة:
الأبلّة وسيراف وعمان، وقال أبو بكر محمد بن العباس الخوارزمي الشاعر الأديب: جنان الدنيا أربع: غوطة دمشق وصغد سمرقند وشعب بوّان وجزيرة الأبلّة، وقد رأيتها كلها وأفضلها دمشق، وفي الأخبار: أنّ إبراهيم، عليه السلام، ولد في غوطة دمشق في قرية يقال لها برزة في جبل قاسيون، وعن النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، أنه قال: إنّ عيسى، عليه السلام، ينزل عند المنارة البيضاء من شرقي دمشق، ويقال: إنّ المواضع الشريفة بدمشق التي يستجاب فيها الدعاء مغارة الدم في جبل قاسيون،
ويقال: إنها كانت مأوى الأنبياء ومصلّاهم، والمغارة التي في جبل النّيرب يقال: إنها كانت مأوى عيسى، عليه السلام، ومسجدا إبراهيم، عليه السلام، أحدهما في الأشعريّين والآخر في برزة، ومسجد القديم عند القطيعة، ويقال: إن هنا قبر موسى، عليه السلام، ومسجد باب الشرقي الذي قال النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلّم: إن عيسى، عليه السلام، ينزل فيه، والمسجد الصغير الذي خلف جيرون يقال إنّ يحيى بن زكرياء، عليه السلام، قتل هناك، والحائط القبلي من الجامع يقال إنه بناه هود، عليه السلام، وبها من قبور الصحابة ودورهم المشهورة بهم ما ليس في غيره من البلدان، وهي معروفة إلى الآن.
قال المؤلف: ومن خصائص دمشق التي لم أر في بلد آخر مثلها كثرة الأنهار بها وجريان الماء في قنواتها، فقلّ أن تمرّ بحائط إلّا والماء يخرج منه في أنبوب إلى حوض يشرب منه ويستقي الوارد والصادر، وما رأيت بها مسجدا ولا مدرسة ولا خانقاها إلّا والماء يجري في بركة في صحن هذا المكان ويسحّ في ميضأة، والمساكن بها عزيزة لكثرة أهلها والساكنين بها وضيق بقعتها، ولها ربض دون السور محيط بأكثر البلد يكون في مقدار البلد نفسه، وهي في أرض مستوية تحيط بها من جميع جهاتها الجبال الشاهقة، وبها جبل قاسيون ليس في موضع من المواضع أكثر من العبّاد الذين فيه، وبها مغاور كثيرة وكهوف وآثار للأنبياء والصالحين لا توجد في غيرها، وبها فواكه جيدة فائقة طيبة تحمل إلى جميع ما حولها من البلاد من مصر إلى حرّان وما يقارب ذلك فتعمّ الكل، وقد وصفها الشعراء فأكثروا، وأنا أذكر من ذلك نبذة يسيرة، وأما جامعها فهو الذي يضرب به المثل في حسنه، وجملة الأمر أنه لم توصف الجنة بشيء إلا وفي دمشق مثله، ومن المحال أن يطلب بها شيء من جليل أعراض الدنيا ودقيقها إلا وهو فيها أوجد من جميع البلاد، وفتحها المسلمون في رجب سنة 14 بعد حصار ومنازلة، وكان قد نزل على كلّ باب من أبوابها أمير من المسلمين فصدمهم خالد بن الوليد من الباب الشرقي حتى افتتحها عنوة، فأسرع أهل البلد إلى أبي عبيدة بن الجرّاح ويزيد بن أبي سفيان وشرحبيل ابن حسنة، وكان كل واحد منهم على ربع من الجيش، فسألوهم الأمان فأمنوهم وفتحوا لهم الباب، فدخل هؤلاء من ثلاثة أبواب بالأمان، ودخل خالد من الباب الشرقي بالقهر، وملكوهم وكتبوا إلى عمر ابن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، بالخبر وكيف جرى الفتح، فأجراها كلها صلحا.
وأما جامعها فقد وصفه بعض أهل دمشق فقال:
هو جامع المحاسن كامل الغرائب معدود إحدى العجائب، قد زوّر بعض فرشه بالرخام وألّف على أحسن تركيب ونظام، وفوق ذلك فصّ أقداره متفقة وصنعته مؤتلفة، بساطه يكاد يقطر ذهبا ويشتعل لهبا، وهو منزه عن صور الحيوان إلى صنوف النبات وفنون الأغصان لكنها لا تجنى إلا بالأبصار ولا يدخل عليها الفساد كما يدخل على الأشجار والثمار بل باقية على طول الزمان مدركة بالعيان في كلّ أوان، لا يمسها عطش مع فقدان القطر ولا يعتريها ذبول مع تصاريف الدهر، وقالوا: عجائب الدنيا أربع: قنطرة سنجة ومنارة الإسكندرية وكنيسة الرّها ومسجد دمشق، وكان قد بناه الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان، وكان ذا همّة في عمارة المساجد، وكان الابتداء بعمارته في سنة 87، وقيل سنة 88، ولما أراد بناءه جمع نصارى دمشق وقال لهم: إنّا نريد أن نزيد في مسجدنا كنيستكم، يعني كنيسة يوحنا، ونعطيكم 30- 2 معجم البلدان دار صادر
كنيسة حيث شئتم وإن شئتم أضعفنا لكم الثمن، فأبوا وجاءوا بكتاب خالد بن الوليد والعهد وقالوا:
إنّا نجد في كتبنا أنه لا يهدمها أحد إلا خنق، فقال لهم الوليد: فأنا أول من يهدمها، فقام وعليه قباء أصفر فهدم وهدم الناس ثم زاد في المسجد ما أراده واحتفل في بنائه بغاية ما أمكنه وسهل عليه إخراج الأموال وعمل له أربعة أبواب: في شرقيه باب جيرون وفي غربيه باب البريد وفي القبلة باب الزيادة وباب الناطفانيين مقابله وباب الفراديس في دبر القبلة، وذكر غيث بن علي الأرمنازي في كتاب دمشق على ما حدثني به الصاحب جمال الدين الأكرم أبو الحسن علي بن يوسف الشيباني، أدام الله أيامه:
أن الوليد أمر أن يستقصى في حفر أساس حيطان الجامع، فبينما هم يحفرون إذ وجدوا حائطا مبنيّا على سمت الحفر سواء فأخبروا الوليد بذلك وعرّفوه إحكام الحائط واستأذنوه في البنيان فوقه، فقال: لا أحب إلا الإحكام واليقين فيه ولست أثق بإحكام هذا الحائط حتى تحفروا في وجهه إلى أن تدركوا الماء فإن كان محكما مرضيّا فابنوا عليه وإلا استأنفوه، فحفروا في وجه الحائط فوجدوا بابا وعليه بلاطة من حجر مانع وعليها منقور كتابة، فاجتهدوا في قراءتها حتى ظفروا بمن عرّفهم أنه من خط اليونان وأن معنى تلك الكتابة ما صورته: لما كان العالم محدثا لاتصال أمارات الحدوث به وجب أن يكون له محدث لهؤلاء كما قال ذو السنين وذو اللحيين فوجدت عبادة خالق المخلوقات حينئذ أمر بعمارة هذا الهيكل من صلب ماله محبّ الخير على مضي سبعة آلاف وتسعمائة عام لأهل الأسطوان فإن رأى الداخل إليه ذكر بانيه بخير فعل والسلام، وأهل الأسطوان:
قوم من الحكماء الأول كانوا ببعلبك، حكى ذلك أحمد بن الطيب السرخسي الفيلسوف، ويقال: إن الوليد أنفق على عمارته خراج المملكة سبع سنين وحملت إليه الحسبانات بما أنفق عليه على ثمانية عشر بعيرا فأمر بإحراقها ولم ينظر فيها وقال: هو شيء أخرجناه لله فلم نتبعه، ومن عجائبه أنه لو عاش الإنسان مائة سنة وكان يتأمله كل يوم لرأى فيه كل يوم ما لم يره في سائر الأيام من حسن صنائعه واختلافها، وحكي أنه بلغ ثمن البقل الذي أكله الصنّاع فيه ستة آلاف دينار، وضج الناس استعظاما لما أنفق فيه وقالوا: أخذ بيوت أموال المسلمين وأنفقها فيما لا فائدة لهم فيه، قال: فخاطبهم وقال بلغني أنكم تقولون وتقولون وفي بيت مالكم عطاء ثماني عشرة سنة إذا لم تدخل لكم فيها حبة قمح، فسكت الناس، وقيل: إنه عمل في تسع سنين، وكان فيه عشرة آلاف رجل في كل يوم يقطعون الرخام، وكان فيه ستمائة سلسلة ذهب، فلما فرغ أمر الوليد أن يسقّف بالرصاص فطلب من كل البلاد وبقيت قطعة منه لم يوجد لها رصاص إلا عند امرأة وأبت أن تبيعه إلا بوزنه ذهبا فقال: اشتروه منها ولو بوزنه مرتين، ففعلوا فلما قبضت الثمن قالت: إني ظننت أن صاحبكم ظالم في بنائه هذا، فلما رأيت إنصافه فأشهدكم أنه لله! وردّت الثمن، فلما بلغ ذلك إلى الوليد أمر أن يكتب على صفائح المرأة لله ولم يدخله فيما كتب عليه اسمه، وأنفق على الكرمة التي في قبلته سبعين ألف دينار، وقال موسى بن حمّاد البربري: رأيت في مسجد دمشق كتابة بالذهب في الزجاج محفورا سورة:
أَلْهاكُمُ التَّكاثُرُ 102: 1 إلى آخرها، ورأيت جوهرة حمراء ملصقة في القاف التي في قوله تعالى: حَتَّى زُرْتُمُ الْمَقابِرَ 102: 2، فسألت عن ذلك: فقيل لي إنه كانت للوليد بنت وكانت هذه الجوهرة لها فماتت فأمرت أمها أن تدفن
هذه الجوهرة معها في قبرها، فأمر الوليد بها فصيرت في قاف المقابر من: أَلْهاكُمُ التَّكاثُرُ حَتَّى زُرْتُمُ الْمَقابِرَ 102: 1- 2، ثم حلف لأمها أنه قد أودعها المقابر فسكتت.
وحكى الجاحظ في كتاب البلدان قال: قال بعض السلف ما يجوز أن يكون أحد أشدّ شوقا إلى الجنة من أهل دمشق لما يرونه من حسن مسجدهم، وهو مبنيّ على الأعمدة الرخام طبقتين، الطبقة التحتانية أعمدة كبار والتي فوقها صغار في خلال ذلك صورة كلّ مدينة وشجرة في الدنيا بالفسيفساء الذهب والأخضر والأصفر، وفي قبليّه القبّة المعروفة بقبة النسر، ليس في دمشق شيء أعلى ولا أبهى منظرا منها، ولها ثلاث منائر إحداها، وهي الكبرى، كانت ديدبانا للروم وأقرت على ما كانت عليه وصيّرت منارة، ويقال في الأخبار: إن عيسى، عليه السلام، ينزل من السماء عليها، ولم يزل جامع دمشق على تلك الصورة يبهر بالحسن والتنميق إلى أن وقع فيه حريق في سنة 461 فأذهب بعض بهجته، وهذا ما كان في صفته، قال أبو المطاع بن حمدان في وصف دمشق:
سقى الله أرض الغوطتين وأهلها، ... فلي بجنوب الغوطتين شجون
وما ذقت طعم الماء إلّا استخفني ... إلى بردى والنّيربين حنين
وقد كان شكّي في الفراق يروعني، ... فكيف أكون اليوم وهو يقين؟
فو الله ما فارقتكم قاليا لكم، ... ولكنّ ما يقضى فسوف يكون
وقال الصّنوبري:
صفت دنيا دمشق لقاطنيها، ... فلست ترى بغير دمشق دنيا
تفيض جداول البلّور فيها ... خلال حدائق ينبتن وشيا
مكللة فواكههنّ أبهى ال ... مناظر في مناظرنا وأهيا
فمن تفاحة لم تعد خدّا، ... ومن أترجّة لم تعد ثديا
وقال البحتري:
أمّا دمشق فقد أبدت محاسنها، ... وقد وفى لك مطريها بما وعدا
إذا أردت ملأت العين من بلد ... مستحسن وزمان يشبه البلدا
يمسي السحاب على أجبالها فرقا، ... ويصبح النبت في صحرائها بددا
فلست تبصر إلا واكفا خضلا، ... أو يانعا خضرا أو طائرا غردا
كأنما القيظ ولّى بعد جيئته، ... أو الربيع دنا من بعد ما بعدا
وقال أبو محمد عبد الله بن أحمد بن الحسين بن النّقّار يمدح دمشق:
سقى الله ما تحوي دمشق وحيّاها، ... فما أطيب اللذات فيها وأهناها!
نزلنا بها واستوقفتنا محاسن ... يحنّ إليها كلّ قلب ويهواها
لبسنا بها عيشا رقيقا رداؤه، ... ونلنا بها من صفوة اللهو أعلاها
وكم ليلة نادمت بدر تمامها ... تقضّت، وما أبقت لنا غير ذكراها
فآها على ذاك الزمان وطيبه، ... وقلّ له من بعده قولتي واها!
فيا صاحبي إمّا حملت رسالة ... إلى دار أحباب لها طاب مغناها
وقل ذلك الوجد المبرِّح ثابت، ... وحرمة أيام الصّبا ما أضعناها
فإن كانت الأيام أنست عهودنا، ... فلسنا على طول المدى نتناساها
سلام على تلك المعاهد، إنها ... محطّ صبابات النفوس ومثواها
رعى الله أياما تقضّت بقربها، ... فما كان أحلاها لديها وأمراها!
وقال آخر في ذمّ دمشق:
إذا فاخروا قالوا مياه غزيرة ... عذاب، وللظامي سلاف مورّق
سلاف ولكن السراجين مزجها، ... فشاربها منها الخرا يتنشق
وقد قال قوم جنة الجلد جلّق، ... وقد كذبوا في ذا المقال ومخرقوا
فما هي إلا بلدة جاهليّة، ... بها تكسد الخيرات والفسق ينفق
فحسبهم جيرون فخرا وزينة، ... ورأس ابن بنت المصطفى فيه علّقوا
قال: ولما ولي عمر بن عبد العزيز، رضي الله عنه، قال: إني أرى في أموال مسجد دمشق كثرة قد أنفقت في غير حقها فأنا مستدرك ما استدركت منها فردت إلى بيت المال، أنزع هذا الرخام والفسيفساء وأنزع هذه السلاسل وأصيّر بدلها حبالا، فاشتدّ ذلك على أهل دمشق حتى وردت عشرة رجال من ملك الروم إلى دمشق فسألوا أن يؤذن لهم في دخول المسجد، فأذن لهم أن يدخلوا من باب البريد، فوكل بهم رجلا يعرف لغتهم ويستمع كلامهم وينهي قولهم إلى عمر من حيث لا يعلمون، فمروا في الصحن حتى استقبلوا القبلة فرفعوا رؤوسهم إلى المسجد فنكس رئيسهم رأسه واصفرّ لونه، فقالوا له في ذلك فقال: إنّا كنّا معاشر أهل رومية نتحدث أن بقاء العرب قليل فلما رأيت ما بنوا علمت أن لهم مدّة لا بدّ أن يبلغوها، فلما أخبر عمر بن عبد العزيز بذلك قال: إني أرى مسجدكم هذا غيظا على الكفار، وترك ما همّ به، وقد كان رصّع محرابه بالجواهر الثمينة وعلّق عليه قناديل الذهب والفضة.
وبدمشق من الصحابة والتابعين وأهل الخير والصلاح الذين يزارون في ميدان الحصى، وفي قبلي دمشق قبر يزعمون أنه قبر أمّ عاتكة أخت عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، وعنده قبر يروون أنه قبر صهيب الرومي وأخيه، والمأثور أن صهيبا بالمدينة، وأيضا بها مشهد التاريخ في قبلته قبر مسقوف بنصفين وله خبر مع عليّ بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، وفي قبلي الباب الصغير قبر بلال بن حمامة وكعب الأحبار وثلاث من أزواج النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلّم، وقبر فضّة جارية فاطمة، رضي الله عنها، وأبي الدرداء وأمّ الدرداء وفضالة بن عبيد وسهل بن الحنظليّة وواثلة ابن الأسقع وأوس بن أوس الثقفي وأمّ الحسن بنت جعفر الصادق، رضي الله عنه، وعليّ بن عبد الله بن العباس وسلمان بن عليّ بن عبد الله بن العباس وزوجته أم الحسن بنت عليّ بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، وخديجة بنت زين العابدين وسكينة بنت الحسين، والصحيح أنها بالمدينة، ومحمد بن عمر بن عليّ بن أبي طالب، وبالجابية قبر أويس القرني، وقد زرناه بالرّقّة، وله مشهد بالإسكندرية وبديار بكر
والأشهر الأعرف أنه بالرقة لأنه قتل فيما يزعمون مع عليّ بصفّين، ومن شرقي البلد قبر عبد الله بن مسعود وأبيّ بن كعب، وهذه القبور هكذا يزعمون فيها، والأصحّ الأعرف الذي دلّت عليه الأخبار أن أكثر هؤلاء بالمدينة مشهورة قبورهم هناك، وكان بها من الصحابة والتابعين جماعة غير هؤلاء، قيل إن قبورهم حرثت وزرعت في أول دولة بني العباس نحو مائة سنة فدرست قبورهم فادّعى هؤلاء عوضا عما درس، وفي باب الفراديس مشهد الحسين بن عليّ، رضي الله عنهما، وبظاهر المدينة عند مشهد الخضر قبر محمد بن عبد الله بن الحسين بن أحمد بن إسماعيل بن جعفر الصادق، رضي الله عنه، وبدمشق عمود العسر في العليين يزعمون أنهم قد خرّبوه وعمود آخر عند الباب الصغير في مسجد يزار وينذر له، وبالجامع من شرقيه مسجد عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، ومشهد عليّ بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، ومشهد الحسين وزين العابدين، وبالجامع مقصورة الصحابة وزاوية الخضر، وبالجامع رأس يحيى بن زكرياء، عليه السلام، ومصحف عثمان بن عفان، رضي الله عنه، قالوا إنه خطه بيده، ويقولون إن قبر هود، عليه السلام، في الحائط القبلي، والمأثور أنه بحضرموت، وتحت قبة النسر عمودان مجزّعان زعموا أنهما من عرش بلقيس، والله أعلم، والمنارة الغربية بالجامع هي التي تعبّد فيها أبو حامد الغزّالي وابن تومرت ملك الغرب، قيل إنها كانت هيكل النار وإن ذؤابة النار تطلع منها، وسجد لها أهل حوران، والمنارة الشرقية يقال لها المنارة البيضاء التي ورد أن عيسى بن مريم، عليه السلام، ينزل عليها، وبها حجر يزعمون أنه قطعة من الحجر الذي ضربه موسى بن عمران، عليه السلام، فانبجست منه اثنتا عشرة عينا، ويقال إن المنارة التي ينزل عندها عيسى، عليه السلام، هي التي عند كنيسة مريم بدمشق، وبالجامع قبة بيت المال الغربية يقال إن فيها قبر عائشة، رضي الله عنها، والصحيح أن قبرها بالبقيع، وعلى باب الجامع المعروف بباب الزيادة قطعة رمح معلّقة يزعمون أنها من رمح خالد ابن الوليد، رضي الله عنه، وبدمشق قبر العبد الصالح محمود بن زنكي ملك الشام وكذلك قبر صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب بالكلاسة في الجامع.
وأما المسافات بين دمشق وما يجاورها فمنها إلى بعلبكّ يومان وإلى طرابلس ثلاثة أيام وإلى بيروت ثلاثة أيام وإلى صيدا ثلاثة أيام وإلى أذرعات أربعة أيام وإلى أقصى الغوطة يوم واحد وإلى حوران والبثنيّة يومان وإلى حمص خمسة أيام وإلى حماة ستة أيام وإلى القدس ستة أيام وإلى مصر ثمانية عشر يوما وإلى غزّة ثمانية أيام وإلى عكا أربعة أيام وإلى صور أربعة أيام وإلى حلب عشرة أيام، وممن ينسب إليها من أعيان المحدّثين عبد العزيز بن أحمد ابن محمد بن سلمان بن إبراهيم بن عبد العزيز أبو محمد التميمي الدمشقي الكناني الصوفي الحافظ، سمع الكثير وكتب الكثير ورحل في طلب الحديث، وسمع بدمشق أبا القاسم صدقة بن محمد بن محمد القرشي وتمّام بن محمد وأبا محمد بن أبي نصر وأبا نصر محمد بن أحمد بن هارون الجندي وعبد الوهاب ابن عبد الله بن عمر المرّي وأبا الحسين عبد الوهاب ابن جعفر الميداني وغيرهم، ورحل إلى العراق فسمع محمد بن مخلّد وأبا عليّ بن شاذان وخلقا سواهم، ونسخ بالموصل ونصيبين ومنبج كثيرا، وجمع جموعا، وروى عنه أبو بكر الخطيب وأبو نصر الحميدي وأبو القاسم النسيب وأبو محمد الأكفاني
وأبو القاسم بن السمرقندي وغيرهم، وكان ثقة صدوقا، قال ابن الأكفاني: ولد شيخنا عبد العزيز بن الكناني في رجب سنة 389، وبدأ بسماع الحديث في سنة 407، ومات في سنة 466، وقد خرّج عنه الخطيب في عامّة مصنفاته، وهو يقول: حدثني عبد العزيز بن أبي طاهر الصوفي، وأبو زرعة عبد الرحمن ابن عمرو بن عبد الله بن صفوان بن عمرو البصري الدمشقي الحافظ المشهور شيخ الشام في وقته، رحل وروى عن أبي نعيم وعفان ويحيى بن معين وخلق لا يحصون، وروى عنه من الأئمة أبو داود السجستاني وابنه أبو بكر بن أبي داود وأبو القاسم بن أبي العقب الدمشقي وعبدان الأوزاعي ويعقوب بن سفيان الفسوي، ومات سنة 281، وينسب إليها من لا يحصى من المسلمين، وألّف لها الحافظ ابن عساكر تاريخا مشهورا في ثمانين مجلدة، وممن اشتهر بذلك فلا يعرف إلا بالدمشقي، يوسف بن رمضان بن بندار أبو المحاسن الدمشقي الفقيه الشافعي، كان أبوه قرقوبيّا من أهل مراغة، وولد يوسف بدمشق وخرج منها بعد البلوغ إلى بغداد، وصحب أسعد الميهني وأعاد له بعض دروسه، ثم ولي تدريس النظامية ببغداد مدّة وبنيت له مدرسة بباب الأزج، وكان يذكر فيها الدرس، ومدرسة أخرى عند الطّيوريّين ورحبة الجامع، وانتهت إليه رياسة أصحاب الشافعي ببغداد في وقته، وحدث بشيء يسير عن أبي البركات هبة الله بن أحمد البخاري وأبي سعد إسماعيل بن أبي صالح، وعقد مجلس التذكير ببغداد، وأرسله المستنجد إلى شملة أمير الأشتر من قهستان، فأدركته وفاته وهو في الرسالة في السادس والعشرين من شوال سنة 563.

هيض

1 هَاضَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. هَيْضٌ, (S,) He broke it, namely, a bone, after it had become set; as also ↓ اهتاضهُ: (S, K:) and in like manner, a wing. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) It (a thing) made him to fall back into his disease; (S, A, TA;) and so هَاضَهُ إِلَى مَا بِهِ. (TA.) You say also, هاض الحُزْنُ القَلْبَ (assumed tropical:) Grief affected the heart time after time. (TA.) And الغَزَامُ ↓ تهيّضهُ [Vehemence of desire] returned to him a second time. (A, * TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) It softened him, or it. (TA.) And so IAar explains the verb as occurring in the saying of 'Áïsheh, لَوْنَزَلَ بِالجِبَالِ الرَّاسِيَاتِ مَانَزَلَ بِأَبِى لَهَاضَهَا (assumed tropical:) [Had that befallen the firm mountains which befell my father,] it had softened them. (TA.) [See also an ex. of a similar meaning voce ظلع.] b4: (tropical:) It (drowsiness) made him languid. (A, TA.) b5: (tropical:) He broke him, or defeated him: as in the imprecation uttered by 'Omar the son of 'Abd-el-'Azeez against Yezeed the son of El-Mohelleb, when he broke his prison, and escaped, اَللّٰهُمَّ إِنَّهُ قَدْ هَاضَنِى فَهِضْهُ (tropical:) O God, verily he hath broken me, or defeated me, and encroached on me (اِدَّخَلَ عَلَىَّ), then do Thou break him, or defeat him, and requite him for that which he hath done. (TA.) 2 هيّضهُ (assumed tropical:) He roused, excited, or provoked, him; and it, namely the heart. (IB.) 5 تَهَيَّضَ see 7: A2: and see also 1.7 انهاض It [a bone] broke, or became broken, (JK, K,) after having been set; (JK;) and ↓ تهيّض signifies the same. (K.) 8 إِهْتَيَضَ see 1.

هَيْضٌ (assumed tropical:) Any pain following upon pain. (S, TA.) See also هَيْضَةٌ. b2: (assumed tropical:) Softness. (TA.) هَيْضَةٌ, (Lth, K,) or ↓ هَيْضٌ, (JK,) (assumed tropical:) A disease after a disease: a return of anxiety, or disquietude of mind; and of grief. (Lth, JK, K.) b2: بِهِ هَيْضَةٌ (assumed tropical:) He has a purging and vomiting together; [i. e. the cholera: used in this sense in the present day:] (S, K:) or a discharge of the belly alone. (TA.) You say also, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا هَيْضَةٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) A change of his temperament, such as often occasions laxness of the bowels, causing a frequent going to and from the privy, affected such a one, from the disagreement with him of something which he had eaten. (TA.) b3: بِهِ هَيْضَةُ الكَرَى (tropical:) In him is the languor produced by drowsiness. (A, TA.) مَهِيضٌ A bone broken after having become set; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ مُهْتَاضٌ (S) and ↓ مُنْهَاضٌ. (S, A.) مُهْتَاضٌ: see مَهِيضٌ.

مُنْهَاضٌ: see مَهِيضٌ.

مُسْتَهَاضٌ [A beast] that has had a leg broken, and has recovered, and has been hastily laden and driven, and whose bone has consequently broken a second time, after it had become set and nearly well: or, accord. to ISh, one that has been diseased, and recovers, and is hastily put to work, so that he is distressed thereby; or that eats food, or drinks beverage, and in consequence relapses into disease. (TA.)

رقط

2 رَقَّطْتُ عَلَى ثَوْبِى (tropical:) I made specks, or small spots, [with ink or the like, (see 5,)] upon my garment; syn. نَقَّطْتُ. (A, TA.) 5 ترقّط ثَوْبُهُ (tropical:) His garment became sprinkled with specks, or small spots, of ink or the like. (K, TA.) 9 ارقطّ, (S, K,) inf. n. اِرْقِطَاطٌ, (S,) He, or it, was, or became, of a black colour speckled with white: or the reverse: (K:) [or speckled with white, and black, and red, and yellow: (see رُقْطَةٌ:)] as also ↓ ارقاطّ, (K,) inf. n. اِرْقِيطَاطٌ: (TA:) or the former, he (a sheep, or goat,) was, or became, such as is termed أَبْغَث. (S.) b2: It (the stalk, or twig, of the عَرْفَج) put forth its leaves, and what resembled nails (أَظَافِير) were seen in the place of separation (مُتَفَرَّق) of its stalks, or twigs, and internodal portions; as also ↓ the latter verb: (K, * TA:) this is said to be after what is termed تَثْقِيبٌ and قَمَلٌ, and before what is termed إِدْبَآءٌ and إِخْوَاصٌ: (TA:) or ↓ the latter verb, said of the عرفج, signifies it put forth its leaves; and this it does before its إِدْبَآء: (S:) [see عَرْفَجٌ:] in a trad. occurs the expression ارقاطّ عَوْسَجُهَا; but El-Kutabee thinks that it should be عَرْفَجُهَا. (TA.) 11 إِرْقَاْطَّ see 9, in three places.

رَقْطٌ A dotting, or speckling: pl. أَرْقَاطٌ. (O.) رُقْطَةٌ Blackness mixed with speckles of white: (S, K:) or the reverse: (M, K:) or speckles of white, and of black, and of red, and of yellow, in an animal: (A, TA:) and the state, or quality, denoted by the epithet أَرْقَطُ. (TA.) أَرْقَطُ Black speckled with white: or the reverse: fem. رَقْطَآءُ. (K.) Applied to a sheep or goat, Like, (S,) or syn. with, (K,) أَبْغَثُ: (S, K:) or speckled with black and white. (Har p. 303.) And the fem., applied to a domestic fowl or hen (دَجَاجَة), Black speckled with white: (S:) or party-coloured: (K:) or having patches of white and black: much sought after, and used, by enchanters; and rarely found. (TA.) b2: It is also applied to a man. (TA.) b3: And the fem. is applied to a tract (رِسَالَةٌ), and to an ode (قَصِيدَةٌ), as meaning Having one of the letters of a word thereof dotted, and another not dotted: from the same epithet applied to a sheep or goat. (Har p. 303.) b4: السِّلْسِلَةُ الرَّقْطَآءُ A certain reptile; the most malignant of the [kind of lizards called]

عِظَآء: when it crawls upon food, it poisons it. (TA.) b5: ثَرِيدَةٌ رَقْطَآءُ (tropical:) [A mess of crumbled or broken bread] having much oil (Sgh, K *) or clarified butter. (TA.) b6: الأَرْقَطُ The leopard: (K:) an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates. (TA.) b7: الرَّقْطَآءُ (tropical:) Civil war; conflict and faction; sedition; or the like; syn. الفِتْنَةُ: (K:) because of its variableness: or such as is not universal; likened to a speckled serpent: occurring in a trad. (TA.)

جله

1 جَلِهَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. جَلَهٌ, (Sudot;, * Msb, TA,) He was, or became, bald in the fore part of the head: (S, K:) or in the greater part of his head. (Msb.) [The latter seems to be the correct meaning: see جَلَهٌ below.] b2: جَلِهَتْ سَاحَتُهُ His court, or yard, was, or became, vacant, or void. (JK.) A2: جَلَهَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. جَلْهٌ, (TA,) He uncovered a thing; or removed it [from a thing that it covered or concealed]. (K, TA.) b2: He raised the turban, while folding it, from the side of his forehead (عَنْ جَبِينِهِ), (K, TA,) [like اِجْتَلَى,] and from the fore part of his head. (TA.) b3: He removed the pebbles from a place. (S, K.) b4: He turned back a person from a difficult, or hard, thing or affair. (K.) جَلَهٌ, (JK, S,) or ↓ جَلْهَةٌ, (K,) Baldness in the fore part of the head; (S, K;) which is the beginning of صَلَعٌ; like جَلَحٌ: (S:) or baldness of the greater part of the head; (Msb;) more than جَلَحٌ, (JK,) and more than صَلَعٌ, which is more than جَلَحٌ. (Msb in art. جلح.) جَلْهَةٌ: see جَلَهُ.

A2: Also The part that faces one of the brows, or brinks, or edges, of a valley: (S:) or the side of a valley; (K, TA;) the bank, or border, thereof: (TA:) or elevated parts in the interior, or lower part, of a valley, rising above the water-course, so that, when the valley flows with water, the water does not reach them: (ISh, TA:) and, some say, the mouth of a valley: and some, a part of a valley uncovered by the torrents, and so made apparent: (TA:) and [the dual] جَلْهَتَانِ, (JK, M, TA,) or جَلْهَتَا وَادٍ, (S,) the two sides, or borders, of a valley, (S, M, TA,) when there is in them hardness: (JK, M, TA:) occurring in a trad., or, as some relate it, ↓ جَلْهَمَتَانِ, with an augmentative م: (TA:) pl. جِلَاهٌ. (S.) b2: A great round rock. (JK, K.) b3: A large [hill, or the like, such as is called] قَارَةٌ; as also ↓ جَلْهَمَةٌ, with an augmentative م. (TA.) b4: The place of alighting and abiding of a people, or company of men: (JK, K, TA:) and a yard, or wide space, in front, or extending from the sides, of their dwelling. (JK.) b5: And A meadow in which water collects and stagnates: pl. as above. (JK.) A3: Dates, (K, TA,) of which the stones have been picked out, (TA,) macerated and mashed with milk, (K, * TA,) then given to drink to women; (TA;) having a fattening property; (K, TA;) as also ↓ جَلِيهَةٌ. (K.) جَلْهَمَةٌ: see جَلْهَةٌ, in two places.

جَلَهِيَّةٌ A mode of wearing the turban, in which the جَبِين [or side of the forehead] is uncovered, so that the part where the hair grows is seen. (JK, Sgh.) جَلِيهَةٌ A place from which the pebbles have been removed. (JK, S, K.) A2: See also جَلْهَةٌ, last sentence.

أَجْلَهُ Bald in the fore part of the head; (S;) i. q. أَجْلَحُ: (TA:) or [it denotes more than the latter; meaning] bald in the greater part of the head: fem. جَلْهَآءُ: pl. جُلْهٌ. (Msb.) [See جَلَهٌ.]

b2: Large in the forehead, having the places of growth of the hair receding. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A bull having no horn; (Ks, JK, S, K;) like أَجْلَحُ. (Ks, S.) مَجْلُوهٌ A tent, or house, or chamber, (بَيْتٌ,) in which is neither door nor curtain. (JK, K.)

غرف: غرف: سحب أو أخذ إناءً ليستعمله. (ياقوت 2: 482، ابن بطوطة 4: 69) وفي ألف ليلة (1: 182) دخل دَكَّان الطبَّاخ فعرف بها بدر الدين حسن زبدية حب الرمان. وفيها (1: 19، 212) غرفوا الطعام. وانظر أمثلة أخرى في مادة بَيْضار .. وفي ألف ليلة (3: 603): اطبخْ هذا اللحم واغرفَه في زبدتين.
غرف، والمصدر غريف: صبَّ، أفرغ. (ميهرن ص32).
غرف: حمل، رفع (ألكالا) وفي حكاية باسم الحداد (ص71) فزعق شيخ السوق عليه وقال- وارفعْ هولاي إلى حضرة الخليفة- وغرف الاثنين على كتفه.
غُرْف: وعاء صغير ذو عروتين يغرف به الماء. والجفنات الصغيرة من التنكالتي نقدم بها الشوربة (الحساء) إلى جنودنا هي الغُرْف- (شيرب).
غَرْفَة، وجمعها غَرْفات وغِراف: حفنة، ملء اليد - (معجم الادريسي، فوك القسم الأول) - غَرْفَة: ملء ملعقة. (ابن بطوطة 4: 69).
غَرْفَة: انعكاس. وغرفة السروج انعكاس السروج (دوماس حياة العرب ص491).
وعند بوسييه في مادة غَرَف: غرف السرج: استدار وصار على بطن الفرس. وغرف به: أداره وعكسه.
غَرُوف: جرَة على شكل وعاء أتروسكي (نسبة إلى أتروسكا في غربي إيطاليا). (جاكسون تمبكتو ص231) ويكتبها لورشندي: غَرَّاف.
غُرَافَة: آلة لتنقية القنوات والجداول، وهي مثلث متساوي الأضلاع من الخشب طول الضلع منها ثمانية ديسيمترات تقريباً، ولها حافات ارتفاع الحافة منها 22 ديسمتر على أطرافها فقط. (صفة مصر 11، 499 رقم 8).
غرَّاف، والجمع غراريف: دولاب البئر ركبت فيه نوع من القواديس ربطت فيها دلاء تغرف الماء من الآبار القليلة العمق. (بوشر).
غَرَّاف: دولاب تديره البقر والإبل يغرف الماء من النهر ليسقي الحقول والبساتين. (برجرن) وانظر محيط المحيط في مادة دلب.
غَرَّاف: انظرها في مادة غَرُوف.
غَرَّافة: نفس المعنى غَرَّاف بمعنى دولاب. (معجم البلاذري).
مِغْرَف: مِلْعقة، خاشوقة. (دوب ص94).
مِغْرَفَة: مِلْعقة (خاشوقة) كبيرة من الخشب، ملعقة القدر.
مِغْرَفَة: ملعقة وكلاّب أو شوكة (للأكل) كبيرة من الحديد يلتقط بها اللحم من القدر. (ألكالا) وفيه: مغرفة الحديد، ومغرفة كبيرة من حديد.
مِغْرَفَة: ملء ملعقة. (ألكالا) (ابن بطوطة 4: 69) مغرفة النار: مجرفة النار (فوك، ألكالا).
مِغْرَفَة: وعاء من حديد: ففي الجريدة الآسيوية (1849،2: 269) تغلى الجميع على النار في مغرفة جديدة (حديد) (2: 274 رقم 1 منها).
وفي ابن البيطار (1: 459) في مغرفة حديد.
وعند باين سميث (1482) المغرفة التي يقلى فيها الشيء، وهي حديد. وانظر ما يلي.
نِغْرَفة: مرغاة، مطفحة (جفجير). ففي باين سميث (1482) مغارف مثقبة يصفى بها الشراب. وعند بوسييه: غَرَاف مثقوب.
مِغْرَفَة: قرص الشمعدان لتلتقي الشمع الذائب. كأس الشمعدان، ففي بابن سميث (1482) مغارف ما يوضع فيه السراج على المنارة.
مِغْرَفَة: عروة، مقبض، يد، ممسك. (باين سميث 1547).
مَغْرَوف: عند البنّائين حجر يُجعل في رجل القنطرة. (محيط المحيط).
مَغارِفّيِ: صانع المغارف والملاعق. (فوك).

غرف

1 غَرَفَ المَآءَ, (Msb, K,) or غَرَفَ المَآءَ بِيَدِهِ, (S, O, TA,) aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb, K) and غَرُفَ, (K,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ; (S, O, Msb;) and ↓ اغترفهُ, (Msb, K,) or اغترف مِنْهُ, (S,) or both of these; (O, TA;) He took [or laded out] the water with his hand [as with a ladle]: (K, TA:) and in like manner, بِالمِغْرَفَةِ [with the ladle]. (JK.) A2: غَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, K, *) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ, (TA,) He cut, or cut off, the thing. (S, O, K. *) b2: And غَرَفَ نَاصِيَتَهُ He clipped his forelock; (S, O, K;) i. e. a horse's. (S, O.) A3: غَرَفَ الجِلْدَ, (S, O, TA,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with غَرْف [q. v.]. (S, O, TA.) A4: غَرَفَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ and غَرِفَ, (O, TA,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put upon the head of the camel a rope, or cord, called غُرْفَة [q. v.]. (O, TA.) A5: See also 7.

A6: غَرِفَتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـَ (S, O, K,) inf. n. غَرَفٌ, (S, O,) The camels had a complaint (S, O, K) of their bellies (O, K) from eating غَرْف [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) 5 تَغَرَّفَنِى He took everything that was with me: (K, TA:) so in the Tekmileh. (TA.) 7 انغرف It (a thing) became cut, or cut off. (S, O, K.) b2: And It bent, or became bent: (Yaakoob, TA:) and some say, it broke, or became broken: (TA:) [and ↓ غَرَفَ, inf. n. غَرْفٌ, app. has both of these meanings; for] الغَرْفُ, accord. to IAar, signifies The bending, or becoming bent; and the breaking, or becoming broken. (TA.) انغرف said of a bone means It broke, or became broken: and said of a branch, or stick, or the like, it became broken, but not thoroughly. (TA.) b3: And He died. (TA.) 8 إِغْتَرَفَ see 1, first sentence. غَرْفٌ and ↓ غَرَفٌ, (S, K,) the latter mentioned by Yaakoob, (S,) A species of trees, (شَجَرٌ,) with which one tans; (S, K;) when dry, [said to be] what are termed ثُمَام: (TA: [but perhaps this statement applies particularly to غَرَفٌ, which see below: and see also ثُمَامٌ:]) accord. to A'Obeyd, called غَرْفٌ and غَلْفٌ [q. v.]: AHn says, the غرف is a species of trees from which bows are made; [see عِضَاهٌ;] and no one tans with it; but Kz says that its leaves may be used for tanning therewith, though bows be made of its branches: and Aboo-Mohammad mentions, on the authority of As, that one tans with the leaves of the ↓ غَرَف, and not with its branches: El-Báhilee says that غَرْفٌ signifies certain skins, not such as are termed قَرَظِيَّة, [i. e. not tanned with قَرَظ, but] tanned, in Hejer, in the following manner: one takes for them sprigs (هَدَب) of the أَرْطَى, and puts them in a mortar, and pounds them, then throws upon them dates, whereupon there comes forth from them an altered odour, after which a certain quantity is laded out for each skin, which is then tanned therewith; and the term غَرْف is applied to that which is laded out, and to every quantity of skin from that mash, to one and to all alike: but Az says, the غَرْف with which skins are tanned is well known, of the trees of the desert (البَادِيَة), and, he says, I have seen it; and what I hold is this, that the skins termed غَرْفِيَّة are thus termed in relation to the species of trees called the غَرْف, not to what is laded out: As says that الغَرْفُ, with the ر quiescent, signifies certain skins that are brought from El-Bahreyn. (TA.) غَرَفٌ, (O, K, TA,) accord. to AA, (O,) or IAar, (T, TA,) i. q. ثُمَامٌ [Panic grass]; (O, K, TA;) not used for tanning therewith; and accord. to Az, this that IAar says is correct: AHn says that when it becomes dry, and one chews it, its odour is likened to that of camphor: (TA:) or ثُمَام while green: (K:) or one of the species of ثُمَام, which resembles rushes (أَسَل,) of which brooms are made, and with which water-bags of leather are covered to protect them from the sun so that the water becomes cool: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) the n. un. is with ة. (AHn, O.) And, (O, K,) accord. to Skr, (O,) The شَثّ, and طُبَّاق, and نَشَم [thus (correctly) in the O, but in the K بَشَم], and عَفَار [in the CK غَفار], and عُتْم, and صَوْم, and حَبَج, and شَدْن, and حَيَّهَل [or حَيَّهْل], and هَيْشَر, and ضُرْم [thus in the O and in some copies of the K] or ضِرْم [thus in other copies of the K]: every one of these is called غَرَف. (O, K.) b2: See also غَرْفٌ, in two places. b3: Also The leaves of trees (K, TA) with which tanning is performed. (TA.) غَرْفَةٌ A single act of taking [or lading out] water with the hand [as with a ladle: and in like manner also with a ladle: see 1, first sentence]. (S, * Mgh, * Msb, * K.) A2: And A single act of cutting, or cutting off, a thing: or of clipping the forelock of a horse. (K, * TA.) غُرْفَةٌ The quantity of water that is taken [or laded out] with the hand [as with a ladle]; (JK, S, * Mgh, * O, Msb, * K;) as much thereof as fills the hand; (JK;) and ↓ غُرَافَةٌ signifies the same: (O, K:) before it is so taken it is not termed غُرْفَة: (S, K:) the pl. is غِرَافٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: and [hence, app.,] Somewhat remaining, of milk. (IAar, TA in art. جزع.) A2: Also i. q. عُِلِّيَّةٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) i. e. [An upper chamber; or] a chamber in the upper, or uppermost, story: (Har p. 325:) pl. غُرَفٌ and غُرَفَاتٌ (S, O, Msb, K) which latter is held by some to be a pl. pl. (Msb) and غُرُفَاتٌ and غُرْفَاتٌ. (S, O, Msb, K.) b2: and الغُرْفَةُ signifies The Seventh Heaven: (S, * O, * K:) or the highest of the places of Paradise: or it is one of the names of Paradise. (Bd in xxv. 75.) Accord. to the S [and O], the phrase دُونَ غُرْفَةِ عَرْشِهِ occurs in a verse of Lebeed, as applying to the Seventh Heaven: but what is [found] in his poetry is دُونَ عِزَّةِ عَرْشِهِ. (IB, TA.) A3: Also A lock (خُصْلَة) of hair. (O, K.) b2: And A rope, or cord, tied with a bow, or double bow, (مَعْقُودٌ بِأُنْشُوطَةٍ, O, K,) which is put upon the head, (O,) or hung upon the neck, (K,) of a camel: (O, K:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) غِرْفَةٌ A mode, or manner, of taking [or lading out] water with the hand [as with a ladle]. (K.) A2: And A sandal: pl. غِرَفٌ: (K:) of the dial. of Asad. (TA.) [See also غَرِيفَةٌ.]

غَرْفِىٌّ applied to a سِقَآء [or skin for water or for milk], (S, O, K,) and غَرْفِيَّةٌ applied to a مَزَادَة [or leathern water-bag], (S, O,) Tanned with the species of tree called غَرْف: (S, O, K:) Aboo-Kheyreh says that the [skins termed] غرفيّة are of El-Yemen and El-Bahreyn: and accord. to AHn, one says ↓ مَزَادَةٌ غَرَفِيَّةٌ and قِرْبَةٌ غَرَفِيَّةٌ; and the pl. غَرَفِيَّاتٌ occurs in a verse [in which the ر cannot be quiescent], cited by As. (TA.) b2: مَزَادَةٌ غَرْفِيَّةٌ signifies also [A leathern water-bag] full: or, as some say, tanned with dates and [the tree called] أَرْطَى and salt. (TA.) غَرَفِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

غِرَافٌ A certain large measure of capacity; (S, K;) like جِرَافٌ; (S;) also called قَنْقَلٌ [q. v.]. (S, K.) b2: And pl. of غُرْفَةٌ in the first of the meanings assigned to it above. (S, Msb, K.) غَرُوفٌ A well (بِئْرٌ) of which the water is taken [or laded out] with the hand. (O, L, K.) b2: And A large bucket (غَرْبٌ) that takes up much water; (O, K;) as also ↓ غَرِيفٌ; (K;) and غَرِيفَةٌ is applied [in the same sense] to a [bucket termed] دَلْو. (Lth, TA.) غَرِيفٌ: see what next precedes.

A2: Also i. q. قَصْبَآءُ [i. e. Reeds, or canes; or a collection, or bed, thereof; or a place where reeds, or canes, grow]: and [the kind of high, coarse grass called]

حَلْفَآء [q. v.]: and i. q. غَيْضَةٌ [i. e. a collection of tangled, or confused, or dense, trees; &c.]: (AHn, O, K, TA: [but for غَيْضَة, which is thus in the K accord. to the TA, as well as in the O, many (app. most) of the copies of the K have غَيْفَة, a mistranscription:]) and water [in such a collection of trees, &c., i. e.,] in an أَجَمَة; (S, O, K;) thus expl. by Lth; (TA;) said to have this meaning in a verse (S, O, TA) of El-Aashà; (O, TA;) but pronounced by Az incorrect: (TA:) and numerous tangled, or confused, or dense, trees, of any kind; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ غَرِيفَةٌ: (ISd, K:) or a dense collection (أَجَمَةٌ) of papyrus-plants and of حَلْفَآء [mentioned above] (K, TA) and of reeds, or canes; (TA;) and sometimes of the [trees called] ضَال and سَلَم: (AHn, K, TA:) pl. غُرُفٌ. (O.) غِرْيَفٌ A species of trees, (Aboo-Nasr, S, O, K,) of a soft, or weak, kind, (Aboo-Nasr, O, K,) like the غَرَب: (Aboo-Nasr, O:) or the papyrus-plant. (AHn, O, K.) غُرَافَةٌ: see غُرْفَةٌ, first sentence.

غَرِيفَةٌ A piece of leather, about a span in length, and empty, in the lower part of the [receptacle called] قِرَاب of a sword, dangling; and [sometimes] it has notches cut in it, and is ornamented. (S, O, K.) b2: And A sandal, (S, O, K,) in the dial. of Benoo-Asad, (S, O,) and used also by the tribe of Teiyi: (Sh, TA:) [see also غِرْفَةٌ:] or an old and worn-out sandal. (Lh, K.) A2: See also غَرِيفٌ.

غَرَّافٌ A river, or channel of running water, having much water. (O, K.) b2: And A copious rain: occurring in this sense in a verse: or, as some relate it, the word is there عَزَّاف [q. v.]. (TA.) b3: And A horse wide in step; that takes much of the ground with his legs. (Az, O, K. *) غَارِفَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, Swift; pl. غَوَارِفُ: and one says also ↓ خَيْلٌ مَغَارِفُ [Swift horses; app. likened, in respect of the action of their fore legs, to men lading out water with their hands; for it is added,] كَأَنَّهَا تَغْرِفُ الجَرْىَ: and فَارِسٌ

↓ مِغْرَفٌ [A swift horseman]. (O, K.) A2: الغَارِفَة which is forbidden by the Prophet is a word of the measure فَاعِلَة in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَة, (O, K,) like رَاضِيَة in the phrase عِيشَةٌ رَاضِيَةٌ, (O,) and means What a woman cuts, and makes even, or uniform, fashioned in the manner of a طُرَّة [q. v., but for مُطَرَّرَةً, the reading of the K given in the TA, the CK and my MS. copy of the K have مُطَرَّزَة, and thus too has the O but without the teshdeed], upon the middle of her جَبِين [here meaning forehead]: (O, K, TA:) thus says Az: (TA:) or it is an inf. n., meaning الغَرْف, like اللَّاغِيَة (O, K, TA) and الرَّاغِيَة and الثَّاغِيَة; (O, TA;) or, accord. to Az, it is a subst. similar to رَاغِيَة and لَاغِيَة; and the meaning is, the clipping of the front hair, fashioned in the manner of a طُرَّة (مُطَرَّرَةً), upon the جَبِين: or, accord. to El-Khattábee, the meaning is, the clipper of her front hair on the occasion of an affliction. (TA.) مِغْرَفٌ, and the pl. مَغَارِفُ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence.

مِغْرَفَةٌ [A ladle; i. e.] the thing with which is performed the act of lading out (مَا يُغْرَفُ بِهِ, S, O, Msb, K) [water &c., or] food: pl. مَغَارِفُ. (Msb.)