الرُّومُ:
جيل معروف في بلاد واسعة تضاف إليهم فيقال بلاد الروم، واختلفوا في أصل نسبهم فقال قوم: إنّهم من ولد روم بن سماحيق بن هرينان بن علقان بن العيص بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم، عليه السلام، وقال آخرون: إنّهم من ولد روميل ابن الأصفر بن اليفز بن العيص بن إسحاق، قال عدي ابن زيد العبّادي:
وبنو الأصفر الكرام ملوك ال ... رّوم لم يبق منهم مذكور
وقال ابن الكلبي: ولد لإسحاق بن إبراهيم الخليل، عليهما السلام، يعقوب، وهو إسرائيل، عليه السلام، والعيص، وهو عيصو وهو أكبرهم، وقد ولدا توأمين وإنّما سمّي يعقوب لأنّه خرج من بطن أمّه آخذا بعقب العيص، فولد العيص روم القسطنطينية وملوك الروم، وقال آخرون: سمّي يعقوب لأنّه هو والعيص وقت الولادة تخاصما في الولادة فكلّ أراد الخروج قبل صاحبه وكان إسحاق، عليه السلام، حاضرا وقت الولادة فقال اعقب يا يعقوب، فأمّا الذين هم الروم فهم بنو رومي ابن بزنطي بن يونان بن يافث بن نوح، عليه السلام، وقال أهل الكتاب: إنّما سمّي عيصو بهذا الاسم لأنّه عصى في بطن أمّه وذاك أنّه غلب على الخروج قبله مثل ما ذكرناه وخرج يعقوب على أثره آخذا بعقبه فلذلك سمّي يعقوب، قالوا: وتزوّج عيصو بسمة بنت إسماعيل وكان رجلا أشقر فولدت له الروم، قال الأزهري: الروم جيل ينتمون إلى عيصو بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم، عليهم السلام، وقال الجوهري:
الروم من ولد روم بن عيص، يقال: روميّ وروم كما يقال زنجيّ وزنج، فليس بين الواحد والجمع إلّا الياء المشددة كما قالوا تمرة وتمر فلم يكن بين الواحد والجمع إلّا الهاء، وقال ابن الكلبي عن أبي يعقوب التّدمري: إنّما سميت الروم لأنّهم كانوا سبعة راموا فتح دمشق ففتحوها وقتلوا أهلها وكان سكانها سكرة للعازر بن نمرود بن كوش بن حام بن نوح،
عليه السلام، والسّكرة الفعلة، واسم السبعة:
لوطان وشوبال وصيفون وغاود وبشور وآصر وريضان، ثمّ جعلوا يتقدمون حتى انتهوا إلى أنطاكية ثمّ جاءت بنو العيص فأجلوهم عمّا افتتحوا وسكنوه حتى انتهوا إلى القسطنطينيّة فسكونها فسموا الروم بما راموا من فتح هذه الكور، وبنى القسطنطينيّة ملك من بني العيص يقال له بزنطي، ويقال:
سميت الروم بروم بن بزنطي، وعندي أنّهم إنّما سمّوا بني الأصفر لشقرتهم لأن الشقرة إذا أفرطت صارت صفرة صافية، وقيل: إن عيصو كان أصفر لمرض كان ملازما له، وقال جرير بن الخطفى الشاعر اليربوعي يفتخر على اليمن بالفرس والروم ويقول إنّهم من ولد إسحاق:
وأبناء إسحاق اللّيوث إذا ارتدوا ... حمائل موت لابسين السّنورا
إذا افتخروا عدّوا الصبهبذ منهم ... وكسرى وعدّوا الهرمزان وقيصرا
وكان كتاب فيهم ونبوّة، ... وكانوا بإصطخر الملوك وتسترا
أبونا أبو إسحاق يجمع بيننا، ... وقد كان مهديّا نبيّا مطهّرا
ويعقوب منّا، زاده الله حكمة، ... وكان ابن يعقوب أمينا مصوّرا
فيجمعنا والغرّ أبناء سارة ... أب لا نبالي بعده من تعذّرا
أبونا خليل الله، والله ربّنا، ... رضينا بما أعطى الإله وقدّرا
بنى قبلة الله التي يهتدى بها، ... فأورثنا عزّا وملكا معمّرا
وأمّا حدود الروم فمشارقهم وشمالهم الترك والخزر ورسّ، وهم الروس، وجنوبهم الشام والإسكندرية ومغاربهم البحر والأندلس، وكانت الرّقّة والشامات كلّها تعدّ في حدود الروم أيّام الأكاسرة، وكانت دار الملك أنطاكية إلى أن نفاهم المسلمون إلى أقصى بلادهم، قال أحمد بن محمد الهمذاني: وجميع أعمال الروم التي تعرف وتسمى وتأتينا أخبارها على الصحة أربعة عشر عملا، منها ثلاثة خلف الخليج وأحد عشر دونه، فالأوّل من الثلاثة التي خلف الخليج يسمّى طلايا وهو بلد القسطنطينيّة، وحدّه من جهة المشرق الخليج الآخذ من بحر الخزر إلى بحر الشام، ومن القبلة بحر الشام، ومن المغرب سور ممدود من بحر الشام إلى بحر الخزر ويسمّى مقرن تيخس، وتفسيره السور الطويل، وطوله مسيرة أربعة أيّام، وهو من القسطنطينيّة على مسيرة مرحلتين، وأكثر هذا البلد ضياع للملك والبطارقة ومروج لمواشيهم ودوابّهم، وفي أخبار بلاد الروم أسماء عجزت عن تحقيقها وضبطها فليعذر الناظر في كتابي هذا، ومن كان عنده أهلية ومعرفة وقتل شيئا منها علما فقد أذنت له في إصلاحه مأجورا، ومن وراء هذا العمل عمل تراقية، وحدّه من وجه المشرق هذا السور الطويل، ومن القبلة عمل مقدونية، ومن المغرب بلاد برجان مسيرة خمسة عشر يوما، وعرضه من بحر الخزر إلى حدّ عمل مقدونية مسيرة ثلاثة أيّام، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس الوالي حصن يسمى أرقدة على سبع مراحل من القسطنطينيّة، وجنده خمسة آلاف، ثمّ عمل مقدونية، وحدّه من المشرق السور الطويل، ومن القبلة بحر الشام، ومن المغرب بلاد الصقالبة، ومن ظهر القبلة بلاد برجان، وعرضه مسيرة خمسة أيّام، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس، يعني
الوالي، حصن يسمى بابدس، وجنده خمسة آلاف، فهذه الثلاثة بلدان التي خلف الخليج ومن دون الخليج أحد عشر عملا، فأوّلها ممّا يلي بحر الخزر إلى خليج القسطنطينيّة عمل أفلاجونية، وأوّل حدوده على الانطماط والثاني بحر الخزر والثالث على الأرمنياق والرابع على البقلار، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس ايلاي، وهو رستاق وقرية تدعى نيقوس، وله منزل آخر يسمّى سواس، وجنده خمسة آلاف، وإلى جانبه عمل الانطماط، وحده الأوّل الخليج، وجنده أربعة آلاف، وأهل هذا العمل مخصوصون بخدمة الملك وليسوا بأهل حرب، وإلى جانبه عمل الأبسيق، وحده الأول الخليج والثاني الانطماط والثالث عمل الناطلقوس والرابع عمل ترقسيس، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس حصن بطنة، وجنده ستة آلاف، وإلى جانبه عمل ترقسيس، وحده الأوّل الخليج والثاني الابسيق والثالث عمل الناطلقوس والرابع بحر الشام، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس في حصن الوارثون، واسمه قانيوس، والوارثون: اسم البلد، وجنده عشرة آلاف، وإلى جانبه عمل الناطلقوس وتفسيره المشرق، وهو أكبر أعمال الروم، وحدّه الأوّل الأبسيق والترقسيس والثاني عمل البقلار، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس مرج الشحم، وجنده خمسة عشر ألفا ومعه ثلاثة طرموخين، وفي هذا العمل عمّورية، وهي الآن خراب، وبليس ومنبج ومرعش، وهو حصن برغوث، وإلى جانبه من ناحية البحر عمل سلوقية، وحده الأوّل بحر الشام والثاني عمل ترقسيس والثالث عمل الناطلقوس والرابع دروب طرسوس من ناحية قلمية واللامس، واسم صاحب هذا العمل كيليرج، ومرتبته دون مرتبة الاصطرطغوس، وتفسيره صاحب الدروب، وقيل: تفسيره وجه الملك، ومنزله سلوقية إلى أنطاكية ثمّ يتصل به عمل القباذق، وحده الأوّل جبال طرسوس وأذنة والمصيصة والثاني عمل سلوقية والثالث عمل طلغوس والرابع عمل السملار وخرشنة، ومنزل الكيليرج حصن قره، وجنده أربعة آلاف، وفيه حصون كثيرة قويّة، ومن بلاده قورية أو قونية وملقونية وجرديلية وغير ذلك، ويتصل به عمل خرشنة، وحده الأوّل عمل القيار والثاني درب ملطية والثالث عمل الارمنياق والرابع عمل البقلار، ومنزل الكيليرج حصن خرشنة، وجنده أربعة آلاف، وفيه من الحصون خرشنة وصارخة ورمحسو وباروقطة وماكثيرى ثمّ يتصل به عمل البقلار، وحده الأوّل عمل الناطلقوس والثاني القباذق وخرشنة والثالث عمل الارمنياق والرابع عمل أفلاجونية، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس أنقرة التي بها قبر امرئ القيس، وقد ذكر في موضعه، وجندها ثمانية آلاف، ومع صاحبها طرموخان، وفيه حصون وعدّة بلاد ثمّ يتصل به عمل الأرمنياق، وحده الأوّل عمل أفلاجونية والثاني عمل البقلار والثالث خرشنة والرابع جلدية وبحر الخزر، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس حصن أماسية، وجنده تسعة آلاف ومعه ثلاثة طرموخين، وفيه عدّة بلاد وحصون ثمّ يتصل به عمل جلدية، وحدّه الأوّل بلاد أرمينية، وأهله مخالفون للروم متاخمون لأرمينية، والثاني بحر الخزر والثالث عمل الارمنياق والرابع أيضا عمل الارمنياق، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس اقريطة، وجنده عشرة آلاف ومعه طرموخان، وفيه بلاد وحصون، قال الهمذاني: فهذه جميع أعمال الروم المعلومة لنا في البرّ على كلّ عمل منها وال من قبل الملك الذي يسمى الاصطرطغوس إلّا صاحب الأنماط فإنّه يسمى الدمستق، وصاحب سلوقية وصاحب خرشنة فإن
كلّ واحد منهما يسمّى الكيليرج، وعلى كل حصن من حصون الروم رجل ثابت فيه يسمّى برقليس يحكم بين أهله، قلت أنا: وهذا فيما أحسب رسوم وأسماء كانت قديما ولا أظنّها باقية الآن وقد تغيرت أسماء البلاد وأسماء تلك القواعد، فإن الذي نعرف اليوم من بلاد الروم المشهورة في أيدي المسلمين والنصارى لم يذكر منها شيء مثل قونية وأقصرى وأنطاكية وأطرابزندة وسيواس إلى غير ذلك من مشهور بلادهم، وإنّما ذكرت كما ذكر، والله أعلم، وقال بعض الجلساء: سمعت المعتز بالله يقول لأحمد ابن إسرائيل: يا أحمد كم خراج الروم؟ فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين خرجنا مع جدك المعتصم في غزاته فلمّا توسط بلد الروم صار إلينا بسيل الخرشني وكان على خراج الروم فسأله محمد بن عبد الملك عن مبلغ خراج بلدهم فقال خمسمائة قنطار وكذا وكذا قنطارا، فقال: حسبنا ذلك فإذا هو أقل من ثلاثة آلاف ألف دينار، فقال المعتصم: اكتب إلى ملك الروم أني سألت صاحبك عن خراج أرضك فذكر أنّه كذا وكذا وأخسّ ناحية في مملكتي خراجها أكثر من خراج أرضك فكيف تنابذني وهذا خراج أرضك! قال: فضحك المعتز وقال: من يلومني على حبّ أحمد بن إسرائيل؟ ما سألته عن شيء إلّا أجابني بقصته، وينسب إلى الروم وصيف بن عبد الله الرومي أبو عليّ الحافظ الأنطاكي الأشروسني، قال الحافظ أبو القاسم: قدم دمشق وحدث بها عن أبي يعقوب إسحاق بن العنبر الفارسي وعليّ بن سرّاج وسهل بن صالح وأحمد بن حرب الموصلي ومحفوظ بن بحر وأبي عليّ الحسن بن عبد الرحمن الجروي وسليمان بن عبد الله بن محمد ومحمد بن عبد الله القردواني الحرّاني وعبد الله بن محمد بن سعيد الحراني ومحمد بن عليّ الأفطح وعبد الحميد بن محمد بن المستام وإبراهيم ابن محمد بن إسحاق وعليّ بن بكار المصيصي، روى عنه أبو زرعة وأبو بكر ابنا أبي دجانة وأبو عليّ بن آدم الفزاري وأبو محمد الحسن بن سليمان بن داود بن بنوس البعلبكّي وأبو عليّ الحسن بن منير التنوخي وأبو عبد الله بن مروان وأبو أحمد بن عدي وأبو سعيد بن عبد الله الأعرابي وأبو الحسن بن جوصا وسليمان الطبراني وأبو مروان عبد الملك بن محمد بن عمر الطحان وأبو القاسم حمزة بن محمد بن عليّ الكناني الحافظ وأبو جعفر محمد بن أبي الحسن اليقطيني.

هوي
: (ي (} الهَواءُ) ، بالمدِّ: (الجَوُّ) مَا بينَ السَّماءِ والأرْضِ؛ وأَنْشَدَ القالِي:
ويلمها من {هواءِ الجوِّ طالبة

رغو

1 رَغَا, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. ـْ (S,) said of a camel, (S, Mgh, K,) and of a hyena, and of an ostrich; (K;) or رَغَتْ, aor. ـْ said of a she-camel; (JK, Msb;) inf. n. رُغَآءٌ, (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, * K,) with which ↓ رَاغِيَةٌ is syn. [either as an inf. n. or as a simple subst.]; (JK;) He grumbled, or uttered a grumbling cry; syn. ضَجَّ; (S;) or uttered a cry, (Mgh, K,) and grumbled; syn. صَوَّتَ فَضَجَّ: (K:) or she uttered a cry [&c.]: (Msb:) so camels are wont to do when the loads are lifted upon them; and youthful camels do so much: (TA:) رُغَآءٌ signifies the cry or crying [or grumbling, which is a kind of gurgling growl,] (S, Msb) of the camel [when he is being laden, and on some other occasions of discontent], (Msb,) or of animals having the kind of foot called خُفّ: (S:) also of the bird called رَغَّآءٌ [&c.]. (TA.) It is said in a prov., كَفَى بِرُغَائِهَا مُنَادِيًا [Her grumbling cry suffices as a caller] i. e., the رُغَآء of his camel serves instead of his calling in presenting himself for entertainment as a guest: (S:) A'Obeyd says that it is well known to the Arabs as relating to the accomplishment of an object of want before the asking for it: and it is applied also to the case of a man whose aid is wanted and who does not come to thee; excusing himself by saying that he did not know: and to the case of one who stands at a man's door, and to whom it is said, “Send him who shall ask permission for thee [to go in]; ” whereupon he replies, “His knowledge of my standing at his door suffices for asking permission for me: if he pleased, he would grant me permission. ” (Meyd. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 328—9.]) And in another prov., البَكْرِ ↓ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَرَاغِيَةِ, (JK, Meyd,) or السَّقْبِ, [i. e. There befell them the like of the grumbling cry of the young camel,] meaning, the رُغَآء of the young camel of Thamood [which preceded the destruction of those who heard it]: the prov. relates to the auguring evil from a thing. (Meyd. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 327.]) b2: رَغَا said of a boy, or child, means (tropical:) He wept most violently. (K, TA.) b3: [It is also, app., said of a man, as meaning (assumed tropical:) He shouted: and (assumed tropical:) he spoke with a loud voice. (See 6, and رَغَّآءٌ.)]

A2: See also 2.) 2 رغّى, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَرْغِيَةٌ, (S,) said of milk, (S, Msb, K,) It frothed; (S;) it had رَغْوَة [or froth]; as also ↓ ارغى, (K,) inf. n. إِرْغَآءٌ; (TA;) and ↓ رَغَا, (K,) aor. ـْ inf. n. رَغْوٌ: (TA:) or it had much froth; as also ↓ ارغى: (TA:) or its froth estuated. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] أَمْسَتْ إِبِلُهُمْ تُرَغِّى وَتُنَشِّفُ, i. e. [Their camels became, or became in the evening, so as that they yielded frothy milk; or so as that] they had رَغْوَة and نُشَافَة. (Yaakoob, S.) A2: تَرْغِيَةٌ also signifies (tropical:) The act of angering [another]. (IAar, K, TA.) 4 ارغى He made his she-camel to utter the grumbling cry termed رُغَآء: (S, K:) [and] he made his camel to do so in order that he might be entertained as a guest. (M, TA. [See a prov. cited in the first paragraph.]) Sebrah Ibn-'Amr El-Fak'asee says, وَمَا يُرْغَى لِشَدَّادٍ فَصِيلُ [And a young camel belonging to the family of Sheddád is not made to utter its grumbling cry for the want of its mother]; meaning that they are niggardly; that they will not separate the young camel from its mother by slaughter nor by gift. (S.) And it is said in a prov., أَرْغُوا لَهَا حُوَارَهَا تَقِرُّ [Make ye her (the camel's) young one to utter its grumbling cry, then she will be quiet]: for the she-camel when she hears the رُغَآء of her young one becomes still: (Meyd:) the prov. means, give him that which he wants, [then] he will be quiet. (JK, Meyd. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 532.]) أَرْغَوْا لِلرَّحِيلِ means They made their saddle-camels to utter the grumbling cry [for removal, or departure, or journeying]; camels being wont to do so when the loads are lifted upon them. (TA.) b2: Hence, ارغاهُ (assumed tropical:) He subdued, subjected, or oppressed, him; and abased him: because the camel [generally] does not utter the cry termed رُغَآء except in consequence of abasement, or humiliation. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] هِىَ مَلِيكَةُ الإِرْغَآءِ (assumed tropical:) She is the slave (مَلِيكَة meaning مَمْلُوكَة) of noise and loquacity, so that she distresses the hearers: or it may mean [she is subject to] the frothing of her lips, by reason of her loquacity; from رَغْوَةٌ meaning “ froth. ” (TA. [See رَغَّآءٌ.]) b4: You say also, مَا أَثْغَى وَلَا أَرْغَى He gave not a sheep or goat, nor a she-camel; (S, K;) like as you say, مَا أَحْشَى وَلَا أَجَلَّ. (S. [See 4 in art. ثغو.]) A2: See also 2, in two places. b2: [Hence,] ارغى said of him who is discharging his urine, (tropical:) He had much froth to his urine. (K, TA.) b3: [Hence also,] تُرْغِينَا سُقَاطَ حَدِيثِهَا, a phrase used by a poet, means (assumed tropical:) She feeds us with [or gives us] little discourse, [or the refuse of her discourse,] like froth. (TA.) 6 تَرَاغَوْا They uttered the cry termed رُغَآء, [or rather (assumed tropical:) a cry, or cries, similar thereto,] one here and one here. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., تَرَاغَوْا عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلُوهُ (S, IAth, TA) (assumed tropical:) They shouted, one to another, and called one another, against him, to slay him, and slew him. (IAth, TA.) 8 ارتغى He drank رَغْوَة, i. e. froth: (S, Msb:) or ارتغى رَغْوَةً he took, and sipped, or supped, froth. (K.) It is said in a prov., يُسِرُّ حَسْوًا فِى

ارْتِغَآءٍ [He conceals a sipping, or supping, in drinking froth]: applied to him who pretends one thing when he means, or desires, another: (S:) accord. to Az and As, it originated from a man's having some milk brought to him, and his pretending that he desired the froth, and, while drinking this, taking of the milk; and is applied to a man who pretends to aid thee, and benefits himself: (Meyd:) Esh-Shaabee, to one who asked him respecting a man who kissed his wife's mother, replied in these words; and added, “His wife has become unlawful to him. ” (S.) رَغْوَةٌ A single uttering of the grumbling cry termed رُغَآء. (TA.) A2: Also, and ↓ رُغْوَةٌ and ↓ رِغْوَةٌ, (JK, S, Msb, K,) the last mentioned by Lh and others, (S,) and ↓ رُغَايَةُ (JK, S, Msb, K) and ↓ رِغَايَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter as heard by Abu-l-Mahdee, (S,) and ↓ رِغَاوَةٌ (JK, S, Msb, K) and ↓ رُغَاوَةٌ, (S, K,) the latter as heard by Abu-lMahdee, (S,) and ↓ رُغَاوَى, (Az, TA,) The froth of milk [&c.]; (JK, S, K;) or the first three signify the froth that comes upon a thing when it estuates; and the next three, the froth of milk: (Msb:) pl. of the first رَغَوَاتٌ, (Msb, TA,) and of the second رُغًى, (S, * Msb, TA,) and of the last رَغَاوَى. (TA.) A3: Also the first (رَغْوَةٌ), A rock, or a piece of rock. (IAar, K.) رُغْوَةٌ [The grumbling cry termed رَاغِيَةٌ;] a subst. from زُغَآءٌ [inf. n. of رَغَا]. (TA.) A2: See also the next preceding paragraph.

رِغْوَةٌ: see رَغْوَةٌ.

رَغْوَانُ: see رَغَّآءٌ.

رُغَآءٌ inf. n. of 1 as explained in the first sentence. (S, K, &c.) [It is often used as a simple subst. like its syn. رَاغِيَةٌ.] b2: See also رَغَّآءٌ.

رَغُوٌّ A she-camel that utters much, or often, the grumbling cry termed رُغَآء. (S, K.) رُغَاوَةٌ: see رَغْوَةٌ.

رُِغَايَةٌ: see رَغْوَةٌ.

رُغَاوَى: see رَغْوَةٌ.

رَغَّآءٌ (assumed tropical:) Loquacious: or loud in voice: (TA:) and ↓ رَغْوَانُ is [syn. therewith, or nearly so, being] a surname of Mujáshi' (K, TA) the son of Dárim, (TA,) because of his eloquence, (K, TA,) and the loudness of his voice. (TA.) b2: Also A certain bird, (K, TA,) that cries much and uninterruptedly; (TA;) of the kind called دُخَّل; dust-coloured: its crying is termed ↓ رُغَآءٌ: and the pl. is رَغَّاآتٌ. (En-Nadr, TA.) رَاغٍ [part. n. of رَغَا]. You say نَاقَةٌ رَاغِيَةٌ A she-camel that utters the cry termed رُغَآء. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] مَا لَهُ ثَاغٍ وَلَا رَاغٍ [He has not a sheep or goat, nor a camel]: (TA in art. ثغو:) and مَا لَهُ ثَاغِيَةٌ وَلَا رَاغِيَةٌ He has not a sheep or goat, nor a she-camel: (S:) and مَا بِالدَّارِ ثَاغٍ وَلَا رَاغٍ (assumed tropical:) There is not in the house any one. (S and TA in art. ثغو.) b3: Also, رَاغٍ, A certain bird, begotten between the وَرَشَان [q. v.] and the حَمَام [or common pigeon]; an admirable variety: so says Kzw, but he has written the word with the unpointed ع: Es-Suyootee says that in the “ Tibyán ” it is with the pointed غ: and El-Jáhidh mentions its being prolific, long-lived, and having in its cooing a quality which its parents have not. (TA.) A2: Also Milk having froth. (JK.) رَاغِيَةٌ fem. of رَاغٍ [q. v.] b2: Also syn. with رُغَآءٌ [as an inf. n. or a simple subst.]: (JK:) see 1, in two places: [as a simple subst., like رُغْوَةٌ, it has for its pl. رَوَاغٍ:] you say, سَمِعْتُ رَوَاغِىَ الأِبِلِ I heard the [grumbling] cries of the camels. (TA.) مُرْغٍ [act. part. n. of 4]. b2: [Its fem.] مُرْغِيَةٌ is app. the sing. of مَرَاغِى [probably a mistranscription for مَرَاغٍ, the reg. pl.], (TA,) which is an epithet applied to camels, meaning Whose milk has much froth. (K, TA.) مِرْغَاةٌ A skimmer; i. e. a thing with which (or in which, as in one copy of the K,) froth is taken: (S, K:) or a wooden thing with which one takes off the froth of milk: pl. مَرَاغٍ. (JK.) كَلَامٌ مُرَغٍّ (tropical:) Speech, or language, that does not clearly express its meaning. (S, K, TA.)

دود

1 دَادَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) like خَافَ, (Msb,) [sec. Pers\. دِدْتَ,] aor. ـَ (S, M, Msb, K;) and دَادَ, like قَالَ, [sec. Pers\. دُدْتَ,] aor. ـُ (Msb;) inf. n. دَوْدٌ; (M, L, K; [in my copy of the Msb دَادٌ, which, I doubt not, is a mistranscription;]) and ↓ اداد, (T, S, M, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِدَادَةٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ دوّد, (T, S, M, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَدْوِيدٌ; (Msb;) and دِيدَ; (M, L, and so in some copies of the K; [see its part. n. مَدُودٌ, voce دَائِدٌ, below;] in other copies of the K دَيَّدَ [which is app. a mistranscription];) It (corn, or food, طَعَام,) had in it دُود (M, A, L, Msb, K) or سُوس (S, L) [i. e. worms, grubs, or maggots]; and became eaten thereby. (L.) ↓ أَعْزِمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا الجُرْحُ أَنْ لَا تَزِيدَ وَلَا تُدِيدَ [I conjure thee, O wound, that thou increase not nor breed worms,] is a form of conjuration used by the Arabs. (A.) 2 دوّد: see above.

A2: Also He played with the دَوْدَاة, i. e. أُرْجُوَحة [or seesaw]. (K.) 4 اداد: see 1, in two places.

دُودٌ a word of well-known signification, [Worms, grubs, maggots, and the like; including molluscs; as a coll. gen. n.: and, as a simple gen. n., the worm, grub, maggot, &c.:] pl. of دُودَةٌ [or rather, as already said, and as is implied in several of the lexicons, دُودٌ is a coll. gen. n.; therefore دُودَةٌ is the n. un. thereof]: and the pl. of دُودٌ is دِيدَانٌ. (T, S, L, Msb. [In the K, دِيدَانٌ is said to be pl. of دُودَةٌ: and in the L, as from the T, دُودَانٌ is said to be another pl. of دُودٌ: this, however, I regard as a mistake; for I do not find it in the T; but I there find added, after دِيدَانٌ, “ and دُودَانٌ is a tribe of Benoo-Asad. ”]) J says that the dim. is ↓ دُوَيْدٌ, and that by rule it should be دُوَيْدَةٌ: but this is a mistake [unless it be meant that دُوَيْدَةٌ is the regular dim. of دُودَةٌ]: it is regularly دُوَيْدٌ, like as تُمَيْرٌ and قُيَيْحٌ are regular dims. of تَمْرٌ and قَمْحٌ, which are pls. [or rather coll. gen. ns.] of تَمْرَةٌ and قَمْحَةٌ. (IB.) دُودَةٌ [n. un. of دُودٌ, q. v. b2: Also] The fœtus in the belly of a mare from the fortieth day, when its make becomes apparent, until the end of the third month. (Kr, TA voce دُعْمُوصٌ, q. v.) دَوْدَاةٌ A seesaw; syn. أُرْجُوحَةٌ: (K in this art., and T and S in art. دو:) and the mark made by children upon the dust, or earth, like a path, or track, when they play [upon the seesaw], doing thus with their feet, moving forwards and backwards: (S in art. دو:) or the mark of the ارجوحة: (M and K in that art.:) or the sound of the ارجوحة: (TA in the present art.:) and cries, shouts, noises, or clamour; or a confusion, or mixture, of cries, shouts, &c.: (K in this art.:) دَوْدَاةٌ is [said by ISd to belong to art. دو, and to be] originally دَوْدَوَةٌ: (M in art. دو:) the pl. is دَوَادٍ, (T and S * and M in that art.,) explained by As as signifying the marks of the أَرَاجِيح [or seesaws] of children; (TA in the present art.;) and دَوَادِىَ occurs in a verse, in the gen. case, (S and M in art. دو,) by poetic license. (M in that art.) حَيَوَانٌ دُودِىٌّ [app. A worm-like animal]. (TA in art. ذرح.) دُوَيْدٌ: see دُودٌ.

دَائِدٌ and ↓ مُدِيدٌ and ↓ مُدَوِّدٌ (Msb) and ↓ مَدُودٌ (L) [the last from دِيدَ, confirming my opinion that دَيَّدَ in some copies of the K is a mistranscription,] Corn, or food, (طَعَامٌ,) having in it دُود [or worms, &c.]; (L, Msb;) and becoming eaten thereby. (L.) مَدُودٌ: see what next precedes.

مُدِيدٌ: see what next precedes.

مُدَوِّدٌ: see what next precedes.

فجو

1 فَجَا بَابَهُ, (K,) [aor. ـْ inf. n. فَجْوٌ, (TA,) He opened his door. (K.) b2: And فَجَا القَوْسَ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He raised the string of the bow [or made it distant] from the part called its كَبِد: (S, K:) and so فَجَّهَا. (S and K in art. فج.) b3: And فَجَا رِجْلَيْهِ, or مَا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ, He parted his legs wide, or straddled; or did so to make water: and so فَجَّ. (TA in art. فج.) A2: فَجِيَتْ, (S, K, TA, [in the CK, and in one of my copies of the S, erroneously, فَجِئَت,]) aor. ـْ inf. n. فَجًا, (S, TA,) The bow had its string raised [or distant] from the part called its كَبِد; (S, K;) and so ↓ اِنْفَجَت. (ISd, TA.) b2: And فَجِىَ, [in the CK, erroneously, فَجِئَ,] aor. as above, (K, TA,) and so the inf. n., i. e. فَجًا, (K, * TA,) He (a man, TA) was wide between the thighs, or between the knees, or between the shanks. (K, TA.) [And it is implied in the S * and K that it is also said of a camel, meaning He was wide between the hocks.] b3: And فَجِيَتْ said of a she-camel, inf. n. فَجًا, She was, or became, large in the belly: (K, TA:) mentioned by ISd, but with an expression of uncertainty as to its correctness. (TA.) 2 فجّى, (TA,) inf. n. تَفْجِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) He removed; put away, or at a distance; (K, * TA;) and pushed, thrust, or drove, away; persons from others; (TA;) syn. of the inf. n. كَشْفٌ; and تَنْحِيَةٌ; (K, TA;) and دَفْعٌ. (TA.) 4 افجى He expended amply, or largely, upon his family, or household. (Az, K.) A2: And He found his friend to be guilty of a vice, or a disgraceful, or shameful, action. (Az, TA.) 6 تفاجى It (a thing) had [an opening, or intermediate wide space, such as is termed] a فَجْوَة. (S, TA.) [Comp. تَفَاجَّ, in art. فج.]7 انفجى It (a door) opened. (K.) b2: See also 1.

فَجًا inf. n. of فَجِيَتْ [q. v.] said of a bow: (S, TA:) b2: and of فَجِىَ [q. v.] said of a man, (K, * TA,) or of a camel: (S, * K, TA:) b3: and of فَجِيَتْ [q. v.] said of a she-camel. (K, TA.) فَجْوَةٌ An opening, or intervening space, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in a place, (M, TA,) and an intermediate wide space, (S, Mgh,) between two things. (S, Mgh, Msb, K. *) And A wide tract of land or ground; as also ↓ فَجْوَآءُ: (K:) or a wide and depressed tract thereof; and thus, accord. to Th, the word means in the Kur xviii. 16. (TA.) And The court, or yard, of a house. (S, Msb, K.) And The part between the two sides of the solid hoof. (ISd, K, TA.) The pl. is فَجَوَاتٌ (Msb, K, TA) and فِجَآءٌ. (K, TA. [To these pls. the CK strangely adds, as another, فَجَأٌ.]) فَجْوَآءُ [as a subst.]: see the next preceding paragraph. [It is originally the fem. of the epithet أَفْجَى, q. v.]

فَجُوْءٌ: see the following paragraph.

أَفْجَى an epithet, of which the fem. is فَجْوَآءُ. (K, TA.) The latter, applied to a bow, Having its string distant from the part called its كَبِد; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ فَجُوْءٌ; and so فَجَّآءُ [mentioned in art. فج]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: and the former, (K, TA,) applied to a man, (TA,) Wide between the thighs, or between the knees, or between the shanks: or, applied to a camel, wide between the hocks: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Az, it signifies having the thighs very wide apart. (TA.) [Freytag adds “ Ventrosus,” applied to a camel, as from the K, in which I do not find it.] [Accord. to the TA, some of the words of this art. have ى for the final radical; but for this distinction there is no reason.]

رسو

1 رَسَا, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (S, Msb,) inf. n. رُسُوٌّ (M, Msb, K) and رَسْوٌ, (K,) It (a thing, S, M, Msb) was, or became, stationary, at rest, fixed, fast, firm, steady, steadfast, or stable; (S, M, Msb, K) as also ↓ ارسى, (M, K,) inf. n. إِرْسَآءٌ; and ↓ ترسّى. (TA.) الرسو and الرسوخ [i. e.

الرُّسُوُّ and الرُّسُوخُ] are nearly the same [in meaning]. (Ham p. 51.) You say, رَسَا الجَبَلُ (assumed tropical:) The mountain was firmly based, or firm in its base, upon the ground. (TA.) And ثَبِيرٌ ↓ مَا أَرْسَى (tropical:) As long as Thebeer [the mountain so called] remains [firm] in its place. (TA.) [Its being said that this is tropical is app. meant to indicate that the verbs above are properly used only in relation to a ship, in senses explained in what follows; which, however, I doubt.] You say also, رَسَتْ قَدَمُهُ, meaning His foot stood firm in war: (M:) or رَسَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمْ فِى الحَرْبِ Their feet stood firm in war. (S, Msb. *) And رَسَتِ السَّفِينَةُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ inf. n. رُسُوٌّ and رَسْوٌ (S) [and مَرْسًى, as shown below, see 4], The ship [anchored; cast anchor; lay at anchor; or] rested, or became stationary, upon the anchor: (T, S, K:) in [some of] the copies of the K [and of the S], عَلَى البَحْرِ is erroneously put for على الأَنْجَرِ [or على اللَّنْجَرِ]: (TA:) or the meaning is, [in some instances, the ship grounded; i. e.] the lower, or lowest, part of the ship reached the bottom of the water, and she consequently remained stationary. (T, M, TA.) b2: رَسَا الفَحْلُ بِشَوْلِهِ (S, M, K,) (tropical:) The stallion [-camel] leaped, or leaped upon, his شول [or she-camels that had passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth]: (S, TA:) or brayed to his شول, and they became motionless, or still: (M:) or brayed to his شول when they had dispersed themselves from him, and they turned aside to him, and became motionless, or still. (K, TA.) b3: رَسَوْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ, (S, M, * Msb,) inf. n. رَسْوٌ, (S, M,) I effected an agreement, a harmony, a reconciliation, an accommodation, or an adjustment, between the people, or party. (S, M, * Msb.) A2: رَسَا لَهُ رَسْوًا مِنْ حَدِيثٍ (S, * M, K *) He mentioned to him a part, or portion, of a tradition, or story. (S, M, * K. [See also رَسْوٌ below.]) And رَسَا عَنْهُ حَدِيثًا, (S, M, K,) inf. n. رَسْوٌ, (M,) He related a tradition, or story, as received from him, (S, M, K,) ascribing it to him. (M, K.) And رَسَا الحَدِيثَ فِى نَفْسِهِ He related the tradition, or story, to himself. (TA.) b2: رَسَا الصَّوْمَ, (K,) inf. n. رَسْوٌ, (TA,) He intended, or purposed, fasting. (K.) 3 راساهُ, (T, K,) inf. n. مُرَاسَاةٌ, (TA,) i. q. سَابَحَهُ, (T, K,) i. e. He swam with him. (TK.) 4 ارسى, inf. n. إِرْسَآءٌ: see 1, in two places.

A2: ارساهُ He made it (a thing, M, Msb) to become stationary, at rest, fixed, fast, firm, steady, steadfast, or stable. (M, Msb, K.) And ارسى السَّفِينَةَ, [inf. n. as above and also (as is shown by what follows) مُرْسًى, He anchored the ship;] he made the ship to rest, or become stationary, upon the anchor: (TA:) or the meaning is, [in some instances, he grounded the ship; i. e.] he made the lower, or lowest, part of the ship to reach the bottom of the water, so that she remained stationary. (M, TA.) You say also of a ship, تُرْسَى بَالأَنْجَرِ [She is made fast by means of the anchor]: (M:) and of the anchor, يُرْسِى السَّفِينَةَ It makes fast the ship, so that it does not go on. (T, TA.) For the words of the Kur [xi. 43], بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ مُجْرَاهَا وَمُرْسَاهَا, (S, M, * K, *) meaning إِجْرَاؤُهَا وَإِرْسَاؤُهَا [i. e. In the name of God be the making it to run and the making it to rest], (Aboo-Is-hák, TA,) from أَجْرَيْتُ and أَرْسَيْتُ, (so in one copy of the S,) or [its being made to run and its being made to rest,] from أُجْرِيَتْ and أُرْسِيْتْ, (so in another copy of the S,) some say مَجْرَاهَا وَمَرْسَاهَا, (S, K,) meaning its running and its resting, (Aboo-Is-hák, TA,) from جَرَتْ and رَسَتْ, (S, K,) [though] Az says that the readers agree in pronouncing the م of مرساها with damm, but differ as to the م of مجراها, the Koofees pro-nouncing this with fet-h, (TA,) or the latter reading may have the same meaning as the former, (Aboo-Is-hák, TA,) or the former reading may mean in the time, or the place, of making it to run, and that of making it to rest, and the latter reading may mean in the time, or the place, of its running, and that of its resting, for in each case each noun may be a n. of time or a n. of place or an inf. n.; (Bd, q. v.;) and some read مُجْرِيهَا

↓ وَمُرْسِيهَا, as epithets applied to God, (M, K,) who maketh it to run and who maketh it to rest. (TA.) Accord. to Zj, (M,) يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ

أَيَّانَ مُرْسَاهَا, in the Kur [vii. 186 and lxxix. 42], means [They will ask thee respecting the ساعة,] when will be its taking place? [or when will be the time of its being made to take place?]; (M, K; *) by the ساعة being meant the time in which all created beings shall die. (M.) 5 تَرَسَّوَ see 1, first sentence.

رَسْوٌ A part, or portion, of a tradition, or story: (Lth, T, K:) [see an ex. near the end of the first paragraph:] accord. to IAar, i. q. رَسٌّ [app. as meaning the first part or portion]. (T.) رَسْوَةٌ A [bracelet, or one of a particular kind, called] دَسْتِبنَج; (IAar, T, M, K;) so accord. to Kr: (M, TA: but in a copy of the M written دَسْتَبَنْج:) a certain thing of strung beads; (S, TA;) like the دستينج; which is an arabicized word [from the Pers\. دَسْتِينَهْ]: (TA:) a bracelet of beads: (ISK, TA:) or a bracelet of ذَبْل [i. e. turtle-shell, or tortoise-shell]: pl. رَسَوَاتٌ: it has no broken pl. (M, TA. [Golius and Freytag say that its pl. is رِسًى; but on what authority, I know not: the former mentions no authority beside the S and K; and the latter, none but the K.]) رَسِىٌّ Firm, or steadfast, in good and in evil. (Az, Sgh, K.) b2: And The pole that is fixed in the middle of the [tent called] خِبَآء. (Az, Sgh, K.) رَاس ٍ Stationary, at rest, fixed, fast, firm, steady, steadfast, or stable. (Msb.) You say جِبَالٌ رَاسِيَةٌ (Msb) and رَاسِياَتٌ and رَوَاس ٍ (S, Msb) Firm, or steadfast, mountains; (S, Msb;) the sing. of the last said by Akh to be رَاسِيَةٌ. (S.) And قِدْرٌ رَاسِيَةٌ (tropical:) A cooking-pot that will not move from its place, (M, K, TA,) by reason of its greatness, (K, TA,) and that cannot be removed. (M.) قُدُور رَاسِيَات in the Kur [xxxiv. 12] means, accord. to Fr, (tropical:) Cooking-pots that would not be lowered from their place, by reason of their greatness. (TA.) مَرْسًى may be used as an inf. n., or a n. of time, or a n. of place. (Bd in xi. 43 [cited above: see 4].) [As a n. of place, it commonly means An anchorage, or a place of anchoring; a port; or a station for ships: pl. مَرَاس ٍ.]

مُرْسًى may be used as an inf. n., or a n. of time, or a n. of place. (Bd in xi. 43 [cited above: see 4].) مُرْس ٍ, as an epithet applied to God: see 4, near the end of the paragraph.

مِرْسَاةٌ, The anchor of a ship: (S, M, K:) or a large anchor, which, being tied with ropes and let down into the water, holds fast the ship, so that she does not go on: (T, TA:) pl. مَرَاس ٍ. (Har p. 111.) [Hence,] one says, أَلْقَوْا مَرَاسِيَهُمْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) They remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode. (TA.) And أَلْقَتِ السَّحَابَةُ مَرَاسِيَهَا (tropical:) The cloud rained continually; syn. دَامَت: (S, Msb:) or remained steady, raining: (T, TA:) or remained still, or stationary, and rained. (M, K: * in the latter, السَّحَابُ is put in the place of السحابة.)