فلو

1 فَلَاهُ, (M, K,) first Pers\. فَلَوْتُهُ, (S, M, Msb,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. فَلْوٌ, (M, K, TA,) with fet-h, and فِلَآءٌ accord. to the M, or فَلَآءٌ accord. to the K, (TA,) He withdrew him from sucking; namely, a colt, (M, K,) and a young ass, (M,) and a child; (M, K;) as also ↓ افلاهُ, and ↓ افتلاهُ: (M, K: *) or he weaned, or ablactated, him, as also ↓ افلاهُ, and ↓ افتلاهُ: (K:) or فَلَاهُ عَنْ أُمِّهِ and ↓ افتلاهُ signify thus; relating to a colt and a young ass: (S: [and in a similar manner both are expl. in the T, on the authority of ISk:]) or فَلَاهُ, (M,) or فَلَاهُ عَنْ أُمِّهِ, relating to a colt and a young ass, (T,) signifies thus; (T, M;) but ↓ افتلاهُ, (M,) or افتلاهُ لِنَفْسِهِ, (T,) signifies he took him for himself [app. from his mother]: (T, M:) or فَلَوْتُهُ and ↓ أَفْلَيْتُهُ signify I separated him from him mother; namely, a colt: and فُلِيَت is said of a filly [meaning she was separated &c.]. (Msb.) [Hence,] the ↓ فَلَاة [q. v.] is [said to be] thus called لِأَنَّهَا فُلِيَتْ عَنْ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ, [Because it is as though it were weaned, and removed, from everything good]. (M.) b2: And فَلَوْتُهُ I reared him, or brought him up; [namely, a youth, or boy;] as also ↓ اِفْتَلَيْتُهُ: a poet says, وَلَيْسَ يَهْلِكُ مِنَّا سَيِّدٌ أَبَدًا

إِلَّا افْتَلَيْنَا غُلَامًا سَيِّدًا فِينَا [And a chief of us does not ever perish but we rear a youth to be a chief among us]. (S.) A2: فَلَاهُ بِالسَّيْفِ, (M, K,) first Pers\. فَلَوْتُهُ and فَلَنْتُهُ, (T, S,) inf. n. فَلْوٌ and فَلْىٌ, (M in this art. and in art. فلى,) He struck (S, M, K) him, (K,) or his head, (S, M,) with the sword: (S, M, K:) or he struck, or cut, it, i. e. one's head, with the sword. (T * and M in art. فلى.) b2: And فَلَوْتُ القَوْمَ I entered amid the breaks, or interspaces, of the people; like فَلَيْتُهُمْ. (T, TA.) A3: فَلَا as intrans., said of a man, He journeyed, or went forth to journey. (IAar, T, K.) b2: And He became intelligent after being ignorant. (IAar, T, K.) 4 أَفْلَوَ see 1, first sentence, in three places. b2: افلت said of a mare, (M, K,) and of a she-ass, (M,) means She was one whose colt had attained to the age for his being weaned, (M, K.) and the phrase قَدْ أَفْلَيْنَ أَمْهَارَا, ending a verse of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd, and referring to wild animals, means, as expl. by AHn, that had become in the state in which their young ones were full-grown and in no need of their mothers. (M.) A2: And افلى القَوْمُ The people, or party, came to the فَلَاة [or desert, &c.]: (S, K: *) or, as Z says, entered it; which is nearly the same as the former explanation. (TA.) 8 إِفْتَلَوَ see 1, in six places: A2: and see also art. فلى.

فَلًا [a coll. gen. n.]: see فَلَاةٌ.

يَافُلَا and يَا فُلَاةُ: see يَا فُلُ, in art. فل.

فِلْوٌ: see فَلُوٌّ.

فَلَاةٌ A [desert such as is termed] قَفْر; (M, K;) so called for a reason mentioned above, in the first paragraph, q. v.; (M;) or [such as is called]

مَفَازَة; (T, S, K;) in which is no water; or, in the fewer cases, in which there is an interval of two days with a portion of the day preceding them and of the day following them between the waterings of camels and of one day between the waterings of asses and of sheep or goats (لِلْإِبِلِ رِبْعٌ وَلِلْحَمِيرِ وَالغَنَمِ غَبٌّ): (M, K:) or a land in which is no water: (Msb:) or a wide [desert such as is termed صَحْرَآء: (M, K:) pl. فَلَوَاتٌ, (T, S, M, K,) a pl. of pauc., (TA,) and ↓ فَلًا, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n. of which فَلَاةٌ is the n. un.,] and فُلِىٌّ, (M, K,) or this is pl. of فَلًا, (S,) and [so are] فِلِىٌّ (M, K) and فُلُوٌّ [which is the original of فُلِىٌّ and فِلِىٌّ], (CK,) أَفْلَآءٌ is [likewise] pl. of فَلًا. (S, M, Msb, K. *) b2: [أَخُو الفَلَاةِ A man of the desert: or one who travels in the desert or deserts.] b3: And اِبْنُ الفَلَاةِ The حِرْبَآء

[or male chameleon]. (T in art. بنى.) فِلَآءٌ, mentioned in the paragraph here following as a pl. of فَلُوٌّ, signifies also Bones. (TA.) فَلُوٌّ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and فُلُوٌّ (M, K) and ↓ فِلْوٌ (S, M, Msb, K) A colt, (S, Mgh,) because he is weaned; (S;) or a colt, and a young ass, (M, Msb, K,) when weaned, (M, K,) or separated from his mother: (Msb:) or when a year old; (K;) or فَلُوٌّ signifies also a colt that is a year old: (M: [see قَارِحٌ:]) and a light, or an active, ass: (IAar, TA voce يَعْفُورٌ:) and sometimes (S) the female is called فَلُوَّةٌ: (S, Msb:) the pl. is أَفْلَآءٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like أَعْدَاءٌ as pl. of عَدُوٌّ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and like أَحْبَارٌ as pl. of حِبْرٌ, (TA,) and also فَلَاوَى, (S, K,) and فُلْوٌ, mentioned by Fr, (M, TA,) and فِلَآءٌ is mentioned as a pl. of فَلُوّ signifying a colt by Aboo-'Alee El-Kálee. (TA.) بَدَوِيَّةٌ فَلَوِيَّةٌ are epithets applied to a woman [each signifying Of, or belonging to, the فَلَاة, or desert]. (TA.) مُفْلٍ and مُفْلِيَةٌ A mare having a فَلُوّ. (S, TA.)

هد

ى1 هَدَاهُ He directed him, or guided him, to the way; (K, * TA;) directed him aright; or caused him to take, or follow, a right way or course or direction. (K, TA.) See 8. b2: هَدَى العَرُوسَ He sent [or conducted] the bride (MA, KL) to her husband, (MA,) or to the house of her husband: (KL;) i. q. زَفَّهَا, (K in art. زف,) and so ↓ أَهْدَاهَا. (Msb in that art.) b3: يَهْدِى meaning يُؤَدِّى: see an ex. in a verse cited voce طَبَعٌ.4 أَهْدَىَ see 1.6 تَهَادَنَا They (two parties who had been at war) made a truce, each with the other. (T, art. نبذ.) 8 اِهْتَدَى He became rightly directed; followed a right direction; (K;) went aright; as also ↓ هَدَى. (S.) b2: He guided himself. b3: He went a right way: went aright. b4: لَا يَهْتَدِى إِلَى جِهَةٍ He cannot go aright: or knows not the way that he would pursue; or knows not in what direction to go: sometimes said of a drunken man. b5: لَا يَهْتَدِى لِأَمْرِهِ means He does not, or cannot, find the way to accomplish, or perform, his affair. b6: اِهْتَدَى He found, (MA,) or took (KL,) the right way or road. (MA, KL.) b7: دَاهِيَةُ لاَ يُهْتَدَى لَهَا, by which دَاهِيَةُ الغَبَرِ is expl. in the S and O, means لَا يُهْتَدَى للَّنَّجَآءِ مِنْهَا, by which the same phrase is expl. in the JK: or it may be well rendered A calamity in relation to which one knows not the right course to pursue. b8: اِهْتَدَى also signifies He continued to be rightly directed, or to follow a right dirertion: and he sought to be rightly directed, or to follow a right direction. (TA.) b9: اِهَدَّى and اِهِدِّى, for اِهْتَدَى; like اِعَذَّرَ and اِعِذِّرَ, for اِعْتَذَرَ.

هَدْىٌ A way, course, method, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, or proceeding, or the like; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ هِدْيَةٌ and ↓ هَدْيَةٌ: (K:) or to the second and third: and the first is pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of the last: (S:) and a god way, &c.: and calm, or placid, deportment; or calmness, or placidity, of deportment: (TA:) see also دَلٌ. b2: هَدْىٌ [Conduct, mode of life; manners].

A2: See هَدِىٌّ.

هُوَ عَلَى هُدًى He is following, or he follows, a right direction. b2: الهُدَى

The Kur-án. (Bd, Jel in lxxii. 13, &c.) هِدْيَةٌ and هَدْيَةٌ: see هَدْيٌ.

هَدِيَّةٌ [n. un. of هَدِىٌّ] A present; i. e. a thing sent to another in token of courtesy or honour: (Msb;) such as is termed طَرِيفٌ and لَطَفٌ. (JK.) b2: ↓ هَدْىٌ and هَدِىٌّ [coll. gen. ns.] What one brings as an offering to Mekkeh, (K,) or to the Kaabeh, (Beyd, v. 2,) or to the Haram, (S, Mgh,) consisting of camels (Lth, S, Mgh, Msb) or other beasts, (Lth,) namely kine or sheep or goats, (Mgh,) to be sacrificed, (TA,) and of goods or commodities: (Lth:) n. un. with ة. (S, &c.) b3: Also, Camels, absolutely. (TA.) b4: هَدِىٌّ also One who is entitled to respect, or honour, or protection: so in a verse cited voce اِسْتَبَآءَ. (ISk in T in art. بوأ.) هَادٍ

: see an ex. of its pl. هَوَادِى meaning Necks of horses, voce تَالٍ. b2: هَادِيَةٌ The fore part of the neck of a horse. (K in art. سلف.) b3: أَخَذَ هَادِىَ الرَّحَى فَجَعَلَ يُدِيرُهَا [He took the handle of the mill, and begun to turn it]. (K, art. خبز.) أَهْدَى مِنْ دُعَيْمِيصِ الرَّمْلِ More expert, &c: see art. دعمص.

المَهْدِىُّ

, meaning The directed by God to the truth, is a proper name, and the name of him of whose coming at the end of time the happy tidings have been announced. (TA.) [It is always so pronounced by the Arabs in the present day: not المُهْدِى.]

هدى:
هدى ل: الإيمان، على سبيل المثال، أرشد إليه، Predeterminer، حرّك الله الإرادة البشرية قسراً، سبق فقضى (بقطر).
هدى ل: (انظر معجم بدرون 3:53).
هدى شياً ل: قدّم له هدية (بقطر).
هدأ: أنظرها في (محيط المحيط) في هَدَأَ (الكامل 8:287 ألف ليلة 103:1): هدت الريح وصفاً البحر وانظر هاديّ في (أماري 11:41).
هدّى: ضحى (الكالا).
هدّى: في (فوك) في مادة diriger أي أرشد إلى. وفي مادة recolere.
هادي: معناها الحقيقي تبادل الهدايا وفي (محيط المحيط) (هاداه مهاداةً أهدى كل منهما إلى صاحبه (دي ساسي كرست 1:97:1): مهاداة من بعضهم لبعض إلا أنها تعني أيضاً: أعطاه أو أهدى له هدايا (روجرز 4:146 و 149).
أهدى: وتصاغ أيضاً مع المفعول به (عباد 4:44:1): أهدى إليه أي قدم له الهدايا (دي ساسي كرست 7:37:2 القلائد مخطوطة 157:1): وأهدى الناسُ في يوم عيد إلى المعتمد واحتفلوا.
أهدى إليه ما وجب ولاق: أبدى له ما يستحق من احترام أو ولاء (بقطر).
أهدى كتاباً: قدّم كتاباً dédier un livre ( بقطر).
أهدّى: ارشد الطريق، قاد (الكالا). تهدّى ل: معناها في (فوك باللاتينية recolere) مرادف ذكر والتهم وبالفرنسية se rappeler؛ في (حيان بسام 140:3) من الواضح إن ذكر شيئا تعني (لام نفسه على)، لأننا نقرأ هنا: ((وقد كان معروفاً بالشطارة في شبابه فأقلع مع شيبه فرُجي فلاحُه لصدق توبته وخلوص طاعته وتهدّية لما فرط من بطالته.
تهدّى أنظر الكلمة في (فوك) في مادة oferre.
تهادوا: في الحديث عن أكثر من شخص واحد: كانوا في سباق للحظوة بهذا الشاعر (عباد 313:1): وكان قد طرأ على الأندلس، في مدة ملوك طوائفها، فتهادته تهادي الرياض للنسيم وتنافسوا فيه تنافس الديار في الأنس المقيم. وفي (القلائد - مخطوطة 141:2): وكان كل ملك من ملوك الأندلس يتهاداه تهادي المقل للكرى، والأذن للبشرة. وفي (5:515 من الطبعة نفسها): فتهادته الدول وتلقته الخيل والخول.
تهادى: في (الشنفري - دي ساسي كرست 2:137:2): تهاداه التنائف أي أن الوحدة كانت تقوده إلى وحدة أخرى وعند (الشارح، ص 363) وتهديه من تنوفه إلى تنوفة.
اهتدى إلى: تخيّل، اخترع، imaginer inrenter ( المقري 232:1).
اهتدى ل: شكّ في قصده (حيان - بسام 122:1): اهتدى لتدبيره استهدى:
طلب هدية (الحريري 16): وترغب عن هاد تستهديه إلى زاد تستهديه حيث تحمل تستهديه الثانية معنى الهدية (القلائد - مخطوطة 155:1): (لقد استنسختُ من هذه الأشعار ما تستهديه النفوس (ابن جبير 14:128): فمن لم يشاهدها بمكة لم يشاهد مرأى يُستهدى ذكره غرابة وعجباً (ويجرز 2:32): واستهدى نسيم عيش طاب له هبوبه.
استهديت فلاناً: التمسنه أن يقودني. وهنا جاءت تستهديه في معناها الأول (أي طلبت أن يهديني هدية) في عبارة (الحريري).
استهدى الله: تضرع إليه أن يقود خطاه إلى الصواب (معجم بدرون).
هدّى. أصحاب الهدى: الراشدون الأرثوذكس في الكنيسة الشرقية (معجم الجغرافيا).
الهدى: من أجناس الحمام (مخطوطة الاسكوريال 893).
هدْيةً: دويبة تهدي حمار قبان (انظر الجزء الثالث من ترجمة هذا المعجم في مادة حميّر جدة) (المستعيني، ابن البيطار 568:2، وانظر 331:1 و295:2). لاحظ إن الحركات التي وضعتها فوق الكلمة هي نفسها في مخطوطتي (المستعيني) ولاحظ أيضاً إنها قد كتبت في المخطوطة A ( لابن البيطار): هُدية ثم تحرفت عند (برجرن863) إلى حِدِية (كذا).
هديَّة: متاع السفر (أماري دبلوماسية 2:204): التاجر الفرنجي - وصحبته فرشه وهديته مثل أرز مبيض وسكر وشراب وقباء وغير ذلك مما هو للأكل فلا يوزن عن ذلك الدرهم الفرد هدْية كتاب: أنظر أهدى كتاباً dedier ( بقطر).
هداية، الهام رباني، شعور باطني يدعوك فيه الله إلى نمط حياة (بقطر).
هداية الله وإلهامه: إلهام خفي مسبق يقود الإنسان إلى الوصول إلى الرشاد والبُعد عن الضلال عن طريق سلطة الخالق على إرادة البشر وقدره المكتوب عليه. (بقطر).
هداية: مذهب (البربرية 6:35:1): ولقي بمصر شيخ الصوفية لعصره وأخذ عنه ولقن طرق هدايته.
هداية: مقام المهدي المنتظر (عبد الواحد 15:150).
هاد والمؤنث هادية: سيدة شابة تمتطي بعيراً، وتسير في طليعة جيش البدو، تتلو أشعاراً تهجو فيها الجبناء، أو تمتدح الشجعان (بالجراف 71:2).
مُهدي: رسالة إهدائية dedicatoire ( بقطر).

هدى
الهداية دلالة بلطف، ومنه: الهديّة، وهوادي الوحش. أي: متقدّماتها الهادية لغيرها، وخصّ ما كان دلالة بهديت، وما كان إعطاء بأهديت.
نحو: أهديت الهديّة، وهديت إلى البيت. إن قيل: كيف جعلت الهداية دلالة بلطف وقد قال الله تعالى: فَاهْدُوهُمْ إِلى صِراطِ الْجَحِيمِ
[الصافات/ 23] ، وَيَهْدِيهِ إِلى عَذابِ السَّعِيرِ
[الحج/ 4] . قيل: ذلك استعمل فيه استعمال اللّفظ على التّهكّم مبالغة في المعنى كقوله: فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذابٍ أَلِيمٍ [آل عمران/ 21] وقول الشاعر:
تحيّة بينهم ضرب وجيع
وهداية الله تعالى للإنسان على أربعة أوجه:
الأوّل: الهداية التي عمّ بجنسها كلّ مكلّف من العقل، والفطنة، والمعارف الضّروريّة التي أعمّ منها كلّ شيء بقدر فيه حسب احتماله كما قال: رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدى
[طه/ 50] .
الثاني: الهداية التي جعل للناس بدعائه إيّاهم على ألسنة الأنبياء، وإنزال القرآن ونحو ذلك، وهو المقصود بقوله تعالى: وَجَعَلْنا مِنْهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنا
[الأنبياء/ 73] .
الثالث: التّوفيق الذي يختصّ به من اهتدى، وهو المعنيّ بقوله تعالى: وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا زادَهُمْ هُدىً [محمد/ 17] ، وقوله: وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ [التغابن/ 11] ، وقوله: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمانِهِمْ [يونس/ 9] ، وقوله: وَالَّذِينَ جاهَدُوا فِينا لَنَهْدِيَنَّهُمْ سُبُلَنا [العنكبوت/ 69] ، وَيَزِيدُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا هُدىً [مريم/ 76] ، فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا [البقرة/ 213] ، وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشاءُ إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ [البقرة/ 213] .
الرّابع: الهداية في الآخرة إلى الجنّة المعنيّ بقوله: سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بالَهُمْ [محمد/ 5] ، وَنَزَعْنا ما فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ [الأعراف/ 43] إلى قوله: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي هَدانا لِهذا .
وهذه الهدايات الأربع مترتّبة، فإنّ من لم تحصل له الأولى لا تحصل له الثّانية بل لا يصحّ تكليفــه، ومن لم تحصل له الثّانية لا تحصل له الثّالثة والرّابعة، ومن حصل له الرّابع فقد حصل له الثلاث التي قبلها، ومن حصل له الثالث فقد حصل له اللّذان قبله . ثمّ ينعكس، فقد تحصل الأولى ولا يحصل له الثاني ولا يحصل الثالث، والإنسان لا يقدر أن يهدي أحدا إلّا بالدّعاء وتعريف الطّرق دون سائر أنواع الهدايات، وإلى الأوّل أشار بقوله: وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ [الشورى/ 52] ، يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنا [السجدة/ 24] ، وَلِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هادٍ [الرعد/ 7] أي: داع، وإلى سائر الهدايات أشار بقوله تعالى: إِنَّكَ لا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ [القصص/ 56] وكلّ هداية ذكر الله عزّ وجلّ أنه منع الظالمين والكافرين فهي الهداية الثالثة، وهي التّوفيق الذي يختصّ به المهتدون، والرّابعة التي هي الثّواب في الآخرة، وإدخال الجنّة. نحو قوله عزّ وجلّ: كَيْفَ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ قَوْماً إلى قوله: وَاللَّهُ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ [آل عمران/ 86] وكقوله: ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْحَياةَ الدُّنْيا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكافِرِينَ [النحل/ 107] وكلّ هداية نفاها الله عن النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلم وعن البشر، وذكر أنهم غير قادرين عليها فهي ما عدا المختصّ من الدّعاء وتعريف الطريق، وذلك كإعطاء العقل، والتّوفيق، وإدخال الجنة، كقوله عزّ ذكره:
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُداهُمْ وَلكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشاءُ [البقرة/ 272] ، وَلَوْ شاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى الْهُدى [الأنعام/ 35] ، وَما أَنْتَ بِهادِ الْعُمْيِ عَنْ ضَلالَتِهِمْ [النمل/ 81] ، إِنْ تَحْرِصْ عَلى هُداهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي مَنْ يُضِلُّ [النحل/ 37] ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَما لَهُ مِنْ هادٍ [الزمر/ 36] ، وَمَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَما لَهُ مِنْ مُضِلٍّ [الزمر/ 37] ، إِنَّكَ لا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشاءُ [القصص/ 56] وإلى هذا المعنى أشار بقوله تعالى: أَفَأَنْتَ تُكْرِهُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ [يونس/ 99] ، وقوله: مَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِ
[الإسراء/ 97] ، أي: طالب الهدى ومتحرّيه هو الذي يوفّقه ويَهْدِيهِ إلى طريق الجنّة لا من ضادّه، فيتحرّى طريق الضّلال والكفر كقوله: وَاللَّهُ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكافِرِينَ
[التوبة/ 37] ، وفي أخرى الظَّالِمِينَ [التوبة/ 109] ، وقوله: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي مَنْ هُوَ كاذِبٌ كَفَّارٌ [الزمر/ 3] الكاذب الكفّار: هو الذي لا يقبل هدايته، فإنّ ذلك راجع إلى هذا وإن لم يكن لفظه موضوعا لذلك، ومن لم يقبل هِدَايَتَهُ لم يهده، كقولك: من لم يقبل هَدِيَّتِي لم أهد له، ومن لم يقبل عطيّتي لم أعطه، ومن رغب عنّي لم أرغب فيه، وعلى هذا النحو:
وَاللَّهُ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ [التوبة/ 109] وفي أخرى: الْفاسِقِينَ [التوبة/ 80] وقوله: أَفَمَنْ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُتَّبَعَ أَمَّنْ لا يَهِدِّي إِلَّا أَنْ يُهْدى
[يونس/ 35] ، وقد قرئ: يَهِدِّي إِلَّا أَنْ يُهْدى أي: لا يهدي غيره ولكن يهدى. أي: لا يعلم شيئا ولا يعرف أي لا هداية له، ولو هدي أيضا لم يهتد، لأنها موات من حجارة ونحوها، وظاهر اللّفظ أنه إذا هدي اهْتَدَى لإخراج الكلام أنها أمثالكم كما قال تعالى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ عِبادٌ أَمْثالُكُمْ [الأعراف/ 194] وإنّما هي أموات، وقال في موضع آخر:
وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ما لا يَمْلِكُ لَهُمْ رِزْقاً مِنَ السَّماواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ شَيْئاً وَلا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ [النحل/ 73] ، وقوله عزّ وجلّ: إِنَّا هَدَيْناهُ السَّبِيلَ [الإنسان/ 3] ، وَهَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ [البلد/ 10] ، وَهَدَيْناهُمَا الصِّراطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ [الصافات/ 118] فذلك إشارة إلى ما عرّف من طريق الخير والشّرّ ، وطريق الثواب والعقاب بالعقل والشرع وكذا قوله: فَرِيقاً هَدى وَفَرِيقاً حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الضَّلالَةُ
[الأعراف/ 30] ، إِنَّكَ لا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشاءُ [القصص/ 56] ، وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ [التغابن/ 11] فهو إشارة إلى التّوفيق الملقى في الرّوع فيما يتحرّاه الإنسان وإياه عنى بقوله عزّ وجلّ: وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا زادَهُمْ هُدىً [محمد/ 17] وعدّي الهِدَايَةُ في مواضع بنفسه، وفي مواضع باللام، وفي مواضع بإلى، قال تعالى:
وَمَنْ يَعْتَصِمْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ هُدِيَ إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
[آل عمران/ 101] ، وَاجْتَبَيْناهُمْ وَهَدَيْناهُمْ إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ [الأنعام/ 87] وقال: أَفَمَنْ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُتَّبَعَ
[يونس/ 35] وقال: هَلْ لَكَ إِلى أَنْ تَزَكَّى وَأَهْدِيَكَ إِلى رَبِّكَ فَتَخْشى [النازعات/ 18- 19] .
وما عدّي بنفسه نحو: وَلَهَدَيْناهُمْ صِراطاً مُسْتَقِيماً [النساء/ 68] ، وَهَدَيْناهُمَا الصِّراطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ [الصافات/ 118] ، اهْدِنَا الصِّراطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ [الفاتحة/ 6] ، أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَهْدُوا مَنْ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ [النساء/ 88] ، وَلا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ طَرِيقاً [النساء/ 168] ، أَفَأَنْتَ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ [يونس/ 43] ، وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَيْهِ صِراطاً مُسْتَقِيماً [النساء/ 175] .
ولمّا كانت الهِدَايَةُ والتّعليم يقتضي شيئين:
تعريفا من المعرّف، وتعرّفا من المعرّف، وبهما تمّ الهداية والتّعليم فإنه متى حصل البذل من الهَادِي والمعلم ولم يحصل القبول صحّ أن يقال: لم يَهْدِ ولم يعلّم اعتبارا بعدم القبول، وصحّ أن يقال: هَدَى وعلّم اعتبارا ببذله، فإذا كان كذلك صحّ أن يقال: إنّ الله تعالى لم يهد الكافرين والفاسقين من حيث إنه لم يحصل القبول الذي هو تمام الهداية والتّعليم، وصحّ أن يقال: هَدَاهُمْ وعلّمهم من حيث إنه حصل البذل الذي هو مبدأ الْهِدَايَةِ. فعلى الاعتبار بالأول يصحّ أن يحمل قوله تعالى: وَاللَّهُ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ [التوبة/ 109] ، وَالْكافِرِينَ [التوبة/ 37] وعلى الثاني قوله عزّ وجلّ: وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْناهُمْ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمى عَلَى الْهُدى
[فصلت/ 17] والأولى حيث لم يحصل القبول المفيد فيقال: هداه الله فلم يهتد، كقوله: وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ الآية، وقوله: لِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشاءُ إلى قوله: وَإِنْ كانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ [البقرة/ 142- 143] فهم الّذين قبلوا هداه واهتدوا به، وقوله تعالى: اهْدِنَا الصِّراطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ [الفاتحة/ 6] ، وَلَهَدَيْناهُمْ صِراطاً مُسْتَقِيماً [النساء/ 68] فقد قيل: عني به الهِدَايَةُ العامّة التي هي العقل، وسنّة الأنبياء، وأمرنا أن نقول ذلك بألسنتنا وإن كان قد فعل ليعطينا بذلك ثوابا كما أمرنا أن نقول: اللهمّ صلّ على محمد وإن كان قد صلّى عليه بقوله: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ [الأحزاب/ 56] وقيل: إن ذلك دعاء بحفظنا عن استغواء الغواة واستهواء الشّهوات، وقيل: هو سؤال للتّوفيق الموعود به في قوله: وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا زادَهُمْ هُدىً
[محمد/ 17] وقيل: سؤال للهداية إلى الجنّة في الآخرة، وقوله عزّ وجلّ: وَإِنْ كانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ [البقرة/ 143] فإنه يعني به من هداه بالتّوفيق المذكور في قوله عزّ وجلّ: وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا زادَهُمْ هُدىً.
والهُدَى والهِدَايَةُ في موضوع اللّغة واحد لكن قد خصّ الله عزّ وجلّ لفظة الهدى بما تولّاه وأعطاه، واختصّ هو به دون ما هو إلى الإنسان نحو: هُدىً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ [البقرة/ 2] ، أُولئِكَ عَلى هُدىً مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ [البقرة/ 5] ، هُدىً لِلنَّاسِ [البقرة/ 185] ، فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدىً فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدايَ [البقرة/ 38] ، قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدى [الأنعام/ 71] ، وَهُدىً وَمَوْعِظَةٌ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ [آل عمران/ 138] ، وَلَوْ شاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى الْهُدى [الأنعام/ 35] ، إِنْ تَحْرِصْ عَلى هُداهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي مَنْ يُضِلُّ [النحل/ 37] ، أُولئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلالَةَ بِالْهُدى [البقرة/ 16] .
والاهْتِدَاءُ يختصّ بما يتحرّاه الإنسان على طريق الاختيار، إمّا في الأمور الدّنيويّة، أو الأخرويّة قال تعالى: وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ النُّجُومَ لِتَهْتَدُوا بِها [الأنعام/ 97] ، وقال: إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ وَالنِّساءِ وَالْوِلْدانِ لا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا
[النساء/ 98] ويقال ذلك لطلب الهداية نحو: وَإِذْ آتَيْنا مُوسَى الْكِتابَ وَالْفُرْقانَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ
[البقرة/ 53] ، وقال: فَلا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِي وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ [البقرة/ 150] ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا فَقَدِ اهْتَدَوْا [آل عمران/ 20] ، فَإِنْ آمَنُوا بِمِثْلِ ما آمَنْتُمْ بِهِ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَوْا [البقرة/ 137] .
ويقال المُهْتَدِي لمن يقتدي بعالم نحو:
أَوَلَوْ كانَ آباؤُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ شَيْئاً وَلا يَهْتَدُونَ [المائدة/ 104] تنبيها أنهم لا يعلمون بأنفسهم ولا يقتدون بعالم، وقوله: فَمَنِ اهْتَدى فَإِنَّما يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ فَقُلْ إِنَّما أَنَا مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ [النمل/ 92] فإن الِاهْتِدَاءَ هاهنا يتناول وجوه الاهتداء من طلب الهداية، ومن الاقتداء، ومن تحرّيها، وكذا قوله: وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطانُ أَعْمالَهُمْ فَصَدَّهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ فَهُمْ لا يَهْتَدُونَ [النمل/ 24] وقوله: وَإِنِّي لَغَفَّارٌ لِمَنْ تابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صالِحاً ثُمَّ اهْتَدى [طه/ 82] فمعناه: ثم أدام طلب الهداية، ولم يفترّ عن تحرّيه، ولم يرجع إلى المعصية. وقوله:
الَّذِينَ إِذا أَصابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ إلى قوله:
وَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ
[البقرة/ 157] أي:
الذين تحرّوا هدايته وقبلوها وعملوا بها، وقال مخبرا عنهم: وَقالُوا يا أَيُّهَا السَّاحِرُ ادْعُ لَنا رَبَّكَ بِما عَهِدَ عِنْدَكَ إِنَّنا لَمُهْتَدُونَ
[الزخرف/ 49] .
والهَدْيُ مختصّ بما يُهْدَى إلى البيت. قال الأخفش : والواحدة هَدْيَةٌ، قال: ويقال للأنثى هَدْيٌ كأنه مصدر وصف به، قال الله تعالى:
فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ [البقرة/ 196] ، هَدْياً بالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ
[المائدة/ 95] ، وَلَا الْهَدْيَ وَلَا الْقَلائِدَ [المائدة/ 2] ، وَالْهَدْيَ مَعْكُوفاً [الفتح/ 25] .
والهَدِيَّةُ مختصّة باللُّطَف الذي يُهْدِي بعضنا إلى بعضٍ. قال تعالى: وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِمْ بِهَدِيَّةٍ [النمل/ 35] ، بَلْ أَنْتُمْ بِهَدِيَّتِكُمْ تَفْرَحُونَ [النمل/ 36] والمِهْدَى الطّبق الذي يهدى عليه، والْمِهْدَاءُ: من يكثر إِهْدَاءَ الهديّة، قال الشاعر:
وإنّك مهداء الخنا نطف الحشا
والْهَدِيُّ يقال في الهدي، وفي العروس يقال:
هَدَيْتُ العروسَ إلى زوجها، وما أحسن هَدِيَّةَ فلان وهَدْيَهُ، أي: طريقته، وفلان يُهَادِي بين اثنين: إذا مشى بينهما معتمدا عليهما، وتَهَادَتِ المرأة: إذا مشت مشي الهدي.

سرو

1 سَرُوَ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) and سَرَا, (S, M, K,) aor. as above; (S, K;) and سَرِىَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) inf. n. سَرَاوَةٌ, (S, M, K,) of the first verb, (S, M,) and سَرْوٌ, (Sb, Lh, S, M, Mgh, K,) of the same verb, (M, Mgh,) and of the second, (S, M,) and of the third, (S,) and سَرًا and سَرَآءٌ, (M, K,) both of the third, but سَرَآءٌ, and this only, is mentioned by Lh as inf. n. of the second verb; (M;) He was, or became, possessed of liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory. (M, K.) A2: سَرْوُ المَسَاقِى means The cleaning out of what are termed مَسَاقٍ [pl. of مَسْقَاةٌ or مِسْقَاةٌ, which see in art. سقى]. (TA.) A3: سَرْوٌ also signifies, like تَسْرِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ↓ سرّى], and إِسْرَآءٌ [inf. n. of ↓ اسرى], The throwing off a thing from oneself [or from another]; (K, TA;) and the pulling off a thing. (TA.) You say, سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى, (ISk, S,) or عَنْهُ, aor. ـْ (Mgh,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, I threw off the garment from me, (ISk, S,) or I removed the garment from over him; (Mgh;) and سَرَيْتُ is a dial. var. thereof; (S;) or سَرَا ثَوْبَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. سَرْوٌ; and ↓ سرّاهُ; he pulled off his garment from him: (M:) and سَرَوْتُ الجُلَّ عَنِ الفَرَسِ, (TA,) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (M,) and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ, and ↓ أَسْرَيْتُهُ, I threw off [the horse-cloth from the horse, or from the back of the horse]. (TA.) And سَرَوْتُ عَنِّى دِرْعِى [I threw off from me my coat of mail]: in this case the verb is only with و. (S.) [Hence,] عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ, (M,) or سُرِّىَ عَنْهُ الهَمُّ, (S, K, *) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Anxiety became removed from him; as also عَنْهُ ↓ انسرى الهَمُّ: (S, K, * TA:) or his anxiety became removed, or cleared away. (M, in explanation of the first of these phrases.) And عَنْهُ الخَوْفُ ↓ سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) Fear was made to quit him: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) And hence the phrase in a trad., عَنْهُ بُرَحَآءُ الوَحْىِ ↓ فَلَمَّا سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) [and when the vehement distress of mind arising from the oppression caused by inspiration was made to quit him]; referring to the Prophet. (Mgh.) A4: سَرَتْ, (K,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, (TA,) said of the female locust, She laid eggs: (K:) a dial. var. of سَرَأَتْ. (TA.) 2 اليَوْمَ تَسَرَّوْنَ, said by the Prophet on the occasion of the expedition of Ohod, means Today ye shall have your سَرِىّ [or that person, among you, who is distinguished by liberality and manliness, &c.,] slain: and [accordingly] Hamzeh was then slain. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in six places.3 ساراهُ, inf. n. مُسَارَاةٌ, i. q. فَاخَرَهُ [i. e. He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glory, or rather in liberality and manliness, &c.: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) 4 اسرى He became in, or upon, land, or ground, such as is termed سَرَاة: belonging to the present art., accord. to Er-Rághib: (TA:) or he betook himself to the سَرَاة [app. meaning the mountainous tract so called]: (K and TA in art. سرى:) it is like أَنْجَدَ and أَتْهَمَ. (TA in that art.) A2: See also 1, in two places.5 تسرّى signifies تَكَلَّفَ السَّرْوَ, (S, K, * TA,) i. e. [He affected, or constrained himself, to possess liberality and manliness, &c., (see 1, first sentence,) or] high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory, and manliness, or manly virtue: (TA:) or it signifies أَخَذَ سُرِّيَّةً [he took a concubine-slave]: (K:) or A2: one says also, تسرّى الجَارِيَةَ [He took the girl, or young woman, as a concubine-slave], from السُّرِّيَّةُ; said by Yaakoob to be originally تَسَرَّرَ, [which see in art. سر,] from السُّرُورُ. (S.) b2: and تسرّاهُ signifies ↓ أَخَذَ أَسْرَاهُ [i. e. He took the best thereof]. (M, TA. [See also 8.]) 7 إِنْسَرَوَ see 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.8 استرى He chose, or selected, as being the best, (S, M, K,) a thing, (M,) or men, (S, K,) and camels, and sheep or goats. (S.) and اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ I took the best of it. (T, TA. [See also 5, last sentence.]) And اِسْتَارَ signifies the same as استرى, being formed from the latter by transposition. (TA.) One says, استرى المَوْتُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S,) or الحَىَّ, (K,) i. e. Death chose [or took] the best of the sons of such a one, or of the tribe. (S, * K, * TA.) سَرْوٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, K, &c.) [Used as a simple subst., Liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue; &c.] b2: Hence, أَبُو السَّرْوِ (assumed tropical:) Aloes-wood, or the like, that is used for fumigation; syn. البَخُورُ. (Har p. 228.) A2: Also A part that rises from [the bottom of] a valley, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M, K:) or that rises from the channel in which the water flows, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M:) it is like a خَيْف. (S.) السَّرْوُ, (S, K,) or سَرْوُ حِمْيَرَ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean مَحَلَّةُ حِمْيَرَ [The settlement of Himyer]. (S, M, K.) A3: and A certain kind of tree, (S, M, K,) well-known; (K;) [the common, or evergreen, cypress; cupressus sempervirens of Linn.: applied thereto in the present day: (Delile's Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 900:)] n. un. with ة. (S, M, K.) A4: and Certain worms that light upon plants, (M, K, TA,) and eat them: (M:) الثِّيَاب, in [some of] the copies of the K, is a mistranscription for النَّبَات: (TA:) sing. [or rather n. un.] with ة. (M.) سَرَاةٌ The back (S, M, K) of anything: (S:) pl. سَرَوَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) it has no broken pl. (M.) And The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M in the present art., and K in art. سرى:) so [for instance] of a mountain. (TA in art. سرى.) [Hence,] سَرَاةُ اليَمَنِ, (M,) or السَّرَاةُ [by way of preeminence, for سَرَاة is prefixed to the names of a number of places and of tribes, as is said in the TA in art. سرى], A certain mountain [or mountainous tract] commencing near 'Arafát and extending to Nejrán of El-Yemen: (Msb:) pl. as above. (M.) b2: The highest [or most advanced state] of the day: (TA:) [or] the state of advancement, when the sun has become somewhat high, (syn. اِرْتِفَاع,) of the day, (M, K, TA,) and so of other things; by some said to mean the middle thereof; (M;) so in the S, in relation to the day; but this is [said to be] a mistake: (TA:) in a verse of El-Bureyk El-Hudhalee, of the night: pl. as above: and the sing. also occurs used as a pl. (M.) b3: The middle of anything: pl. as above. (S.) The middle anسرىd main part of a road; (Mgh, Msb;) the hard and elevated part thereof. (K.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِلْنِّسَآءِ سَرَوَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ (S, Mgh) The back and middle of the road, (S,) or the middle and main parts thereof, (Mgh,) are not for the women; meaning that they should walk upon the side parts. (S.) b4: Accord. to Er-Rághib, A wide tract of land. (TA in art. سرى.) A2: It is also a pl., of a rare form, (S, Msb,) or a quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) of سَرِىٌّ [which see in several places]. (S, M, Msb, K.) سَرْوَةٌ n. un. of سَرْوٌ [q. v.] in two senses.

A2: See also سِرْوَةٌ.

سُرْوَةٌ: see what next follows.

سِرْوَةٌ (Th, AHn, T, S, M, K) and ↓ سُرْوَةٌ (Th, M, IAth, K) and ↓ سَرْوَةٌ (Kr, M, K) A small arrow: (S:) or a small and short arrow: or an arrow broad and long in the head; (M, K, TA;) but therewithal slender and short; with which one shoots at the butt: (TA:) or such as is round and smooth, not broad; the broad and long being termed مِعْبَلَةٌ: (M:) or the very slenderest of arrow-heads, that penetrates into the coats of mail: (Th, M:) or it [is an arrow that] penetrates into the coats of mail, for which reason it is called الدِّرْعِيَّةُ, its head entering like the needle: (T, TA:) or an arrow-head resembling an ordinary needle or a large needle: it is mentioned also in art. سرى, [as being a small, short, round and smooth arrow-head, having no breadth, and as being called سِرْوَةٌ and سِرْيَةً,] because the word belongs to that art. and to this: (M:) [see also مِرْمَاةٌ; and see سِرْوَةٌ in art. سرأ:] the pl. is سُرًى [or سِرًى?] accord. to the T, or سِرَآءٌ accord. to the S. (TA.) A2: The first (سِرْوَةٌ) also signifies The locust in its first state, when it is a larva; (S;) or in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg: (M:) originally with hemz: (S:) [see سَرْءٌ, in two places:] and سِرْيَةٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (S.) [See also جَرَادٌ.]

سَرِىٌّ, as an epithet applied to a man, (S, M, K, &c.,) may be from اِسْتَرَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ “ I chose, or selected, the thing,” or from السَّرَاةُ “ the higher, or highest, part ” of a thing, (Ham p. 337,) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, from سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى “ I pulled off the garment from me,” (TA, [in which this derivation is said to be good, but I think it far-fetched,]) Possessing liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or possessing manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and, (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory: (M, K:) or i. q. رَئِيسٌ [meaning a chief, or person high in rank or condition]: (Msb:) [or a generous and manly or noble person:] fem. with ة: (M, K:) and ↓ مَسْرَوَانٌ signifies the same, applied to a man; and ↓ مَسْرَوَانَةٌ applied to a woman: (M:) the pl. of سَرِىٌّ is أَسْرِيَآءُ and سُرَوَآءُ (Lh, M, K) and سُرًى, (Az, K,) which is anomalous, (TA,) and سَرَاةٌ, (T, S, Mgh, * Msb,) [originally سَرَوَةٌ,] which is [also] anomalous, (T, TA,) the only instance of فَعَلَةٌ as the measure of a pl. of a word of the measure فَعِيلٌ, (S, Msb,) or it is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, M, K,) and its pl. is سَرَوَاتٌ; (S, M, Mgh, * K;) meaning سَادَاتٌ [or chiefs, &c.]; (Mgh); and سُرَاةٌ, with damm, [originally سُرَوَةٌ,] is a dial. var. of سَرَاةٌ, as pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of سَرِىٌّ: (IAth, TA:) the pl. of سَرِيَّةٌ is سَرِيَّاتٌ and سَرَايَا. (M, K.) Also Chosen, or choice, or select: (M:) what is good of anything; pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] سَرَاةٌ: (Ham p. 337:) the best, (Msb, TA, and Har p. 56,) and in like manner سَرَاةٌ [as a pl.]; (M, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 57, and Har ubi suprà;) the former, of men, (Har ubi suprà,) and of camels; (S;) and the latter, of men, (S, TA, and Ham ubi suprà, and Har,) and of cattle or camels and the like, (S, M, TA,) as also the former. (TA.) A2: See also art. سرى.

سُرِّيَّةٌ, said by some to be originally of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ, from سَرْوٌ: see art. سر.

أَسْرَى is of the measure أَفْعَلُ [denoting the comparative and superlative degrees] from السَّرْوُ signifying “ liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: ” [&c.:] whence the phrase أَسْرَاهُمْ سُودَدًا, meaning The best of them in respect of chiefdom or the like: or it may be from السُّرَى; meaning in this instance that the fame of the chiefdom, or the like, of him to whom it relates has pervaded the countries and spread among mankind; and this is more worthy of regard in respect of the method of grammatical analysis; from Mtr: (Har p. 363: [see art. سرى:]) [ISd, however, assigns the word to the present art.:] see 5, last sentence.

أَرْضٌ مَسْرُوَّةٌ A land containing the سِرْوَة, or locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S.) [In a copy of the M, it is said to be from السَّرْوَةُ; and the context there indicates the meaning to be A land infested by a worm of the kind termed سَرْوٌ, of which سَرْوَةٌ is the n. un.: but probably السَّرْوَةُ, in this instance, is a mistranscription for السِّرْوَةُ, which is mentioned immediately after as meaning “ the locust in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg. ”]

مَسْرَوَانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see سَرِىٌّ.

سخر

1 سَخِرَ مِنْهُ, (Fr, Akh, S, A, Msb, K,) and بِهِ, (Az, Akh, S, Msb, K,) like as one says ضَحِكَ مِنْهُ and بِهِ, and هَزِئَ مِنْهُ and بِهِ, (Akh, S,) but the former is the more chaste, (En-Näwawee, TA,) and is that which occurs in the Kur ix. 80, and xi. 40, [&c.,] (TA,) and J says that the latter is the worse of the two, (S,) and Fr disallows it absolutely, (TA,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. سَخَرٌ (S, Msb, K) and سَخْرٌ (K) and سُخْرٌ and سُخُرٌ (S, K) and سُخْرَةٌ (K) and مَسْخَرٌ, (S, K,) He mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, derided, or ridiculed, him; (S, * A, Msb, K, &c.;) as also ↓ استسخر: (A, * K:) and ↓ يَسْتَسْخِرُونَ, in the Kur xxxvii. 14, signifies, accord. to Ibn-Er-Rummánee, they invite one another to mock, scoff, deride, or ridicule. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., أَتَسْخَرُ مِنِّى وَأَنَا المَلِكُ Dost thou mock at me, or deride me, when I am the king? or, as some say, it is tropical, and means, (tropical:) dost thou put me in a place which I do not regard as my right? so that it seems to denote a species of mockery. (TA.) b3: And in another trad. it is said, أَنَا أُقُولُ كَذَا وَلَا أَسْخَرُ (tropical:) [I say so, and I do not jest]; meaning I say not aught but the truth. (A, * TA.) b4: The words (of the Kur [xi. 40] TA) إِنْ تَسْخَرُوا مِنَّا فَإِنَّا نَسْخَرُ مِنْكُمْ كَمَا تَسْخَرُونَ are said to signify If ye deem us ignorant, we also deem you ignorant like as ye deem us ignorant. (K.) A2: سَخَرَهُ: see 2. b2: سَخَرَتِ السَّفِينَةُ, aor. ـَ (tropical:) The ship had a good wind and voyage; (K;) [as though it made the wind subservient, or submissive, to it; (see 2;)] it obeyed, and ran its course. (TA.) 2 سخّرهُ, inf. n. تَسْخِيرٌ, He constrained him, or compelled him, (JK, S, K,) namely, a servant, or a beast, to do what he [the latter] did not desire, (JK, TA,) or to work, without recompense, or hire, or wages, (S, K,) and without price; (TA;) as also ↓ تسخّرهُ: (S, Mgh, * K:) and [in like manner,] ↓ سَخَرَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سِخْرِىٌّ and سُخْرِىٌّ, he constrained him to do what he did not desire; compelled him: (K:) or سخّرهُ, he made use of him without compensation, (A, Msb,) فِى العَمَلِ [in work]. (Msb.) You say, ↓ تَسَخَّرْتُ دَابَّةً لِفُلَانٍ I rode a beast belonging to such a one without recompense. (TA.) b2: He brought him under, or into subjection; rendered him subservient, submissive, tractable, or manageable. (S, K.) You say, سخّر اللّٰهُ الإِبِلَ God hath made the camels subservient, or submissive, and manageable. (Msb.) And in the Kur [xiv. 37], it is said, وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ (assumed tropical:) And He hath made subservient to you, or submissive for you, the sun and the moon [to run their appointed courses]. (TA.) سُخِّرَ لَهُ [as also له ↓ تُسُخِّرَ] signifies (assumed tropical:) It (anything) was rendered submissive or manageable or practicable, to him, or prepared or disposed for him agreeably with his desire. (TA.) You say also, سخّر اللّٰهُ السَّفِينَةَ, inf. n. تَسْخِيرٌ, (tropical:) God made the ship to obey and to run its course; to have a good wind and voyage. (TA.) سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ, in the Kur lxix. 7, means (assumed tropical:) He sent it upon them by force; namely, the wind: (Jel:) or made it to prevail against them by his power. (Bd.) 5 تَسَخَّرَ see 2, in three places.10 إِسْتَسْخَرَ see 1, in two places.

سُخْرَةٌ One who is mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, derided, or ridiculed; a laughingstock; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ سِخْرِىٌّ and سُخْرِىٌّ; (Az, A;) which are used as sing., as in the phrase اِتَّخَذُوهُ سُِحْرِيًّا they made him a laughingstock; (A;) and as pl., as in هُمْ لَكَ سُِخْرِىٌّ, and also ↓ سُِخْرِيَّةٌ, the former being masc. and the latter fem., they are to thee laughingstocks; the former occurring in the Kur [see xxiii. 112, and xxxviii. 63, and xliii. 31,] with damm and with kesr accord. to different readings. (Az, TA.) b2: Also One who is constrained, or compelled, to do what he does not desire, or to work, without recompense, or hire, or wages; (JK, S, * Mgh, * Msb, * K, * TA;) applied to a servant, (JK, S, Msb,) and to a beast; (JK, Msb;) as also ↓ سُخْرِىٌّ (Msb, K) and سِخْرِىٌّ; (K) or the former of these, only, is used in this sense; and the latter, and sometimes the former also, in the sense immediately preceding: (TA:) and سُخْرَةٌ is also used as a pl., (JK, A,) as in the phrase هٰؤُلَآءِ سُخْرَةٌ لِلسُّلْطَانِ these are persons made use of without compensation for the Sultán: (JK, * A:) it also signifies one who employs any person, (K, TA,) or beast, (TA,) that he has subjected, or compelled to obey him, without recompense, or hire, or wages: (K, TA:) [or this is a mistake, and the correct signification is] one who is so employed by him who has subjected him. (L.) b3: It is also syn. with تَسْخِيرٌ [inf. n. of 2]. (TA in art. سمع.) سُخَرَةٌ One who mocks at, scoffs at, laughs at, derides, or ridicules, others, (S, K,) much. (S.) [See also مَسْخَرَةٌ.]

سُخْرِىٌّ and سِخْرِىٌّ (T, S, Msb, K) and سُِخْرِيَّةٌ (T, S, K) Mockery; scoff; derision; ridicule. (T, S, Msb, K.) b2: See also سُخْرَةٌ, in three places.

سُخَّرٌ A certain herb, or leguminous plant, (Sgh, K,) in Khurásán; (K;) accord. to AHn, i. q. سَيْكُرَانٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) سُفُنٌ سَوَاخِرُ [pl. of سَفِينَةٌ سَاخِرَةٌ] (tropical:) Ships obeying, and having a good wind. (S.) مَسْخَرَةٌ [An occasion, or a cause, of mockery, scoffing, derision, or ridicule]: pl. مَسَاخِرُ. (A.) You say رُبَّ مَسَاخِرَ يَعُدُّهَا النَّاسُ مَفَاخِرَ [Many occasions of mockery, &c., men reckon occasions of boasting, or glorying]. (A.) And هُوَ مَسْخَرَةٌ [He is a cause of mockery, &c.]. (A.) [See also مَخْسَرَةٌ.] b2: Also One who mocks at, scoffs at, laughs at, derides, or ridicules, others. (A.) [See also سُخَرَةٌ.]

مُسَخَّرٌ Any one that is constrained, or compelled, [brought into subjection, or made subservient or submissive,] and managed, unable to free himself from constraint. (TA.) b2: وَالنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَاتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ [in the Kur xvi. 12 means and the stars are made subservient, or submissive,] running their courses. (Az, TA.)

سجد

1 سَجَدَ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. سُجُودٌ, (Msb,) He was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive; syn. خَضَعَ, (S, A, K, TA,) or تَطَامَنَ, and ذَلَّ: (Msb:) or he bent him-self down towards the ground: (Aboo-Bekr, TA: [and such is often meant by خَضَعَ and by تَطَامَنَ:]) [or it has both of these significations combined; i. e. he was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive, bending himself down; for] the primary signification of السُّجُودُ is تَذَلُّلً together with تَطَأْمُنٌ [or تَطَامُنٌ]. (Bd in ii. 32.) And ↓ اسجد He lowered his head, and bent himself; (AA, S, Mgh, K;) said of a man; (AA, S, Mgh;) and put his forehead on the ground: (Mgh:) and likewise said of a camel; (S, A;) in the latter case tropical; (A;) as also سَجَدَ; (A, Mgh, Msb;) meaning (tropical:) he lowered his head, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) to be ridden, (S, Mgh,) or to his rider, (A,) or on the occasion of his being ridden, or mounted. (Msb.) b2: The سُجُود of prayer is from سَجَدَ in the first of the senses expl. above; (S;) and means The [prostrating oneself;] putting the forehead on the ground: (S, Mgh:) سَجَدَ, (ISd, Msb, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (ISd, TA,) signifies he put his forehead on the ground: (ISd, Msb, TA:) but سُجُود to God denotes a particular manner [of doing this; i. e. the prostrating oneself in prayer by dropping gently upon the knees, placing the palms of the hands on the ground, a little before the place of the knees, and then putting the nose and forehead on the ground, the former first, between the two hands]. (Msb.) b3: It is said of Kisrà, in a trad., كَانَ يَسْجُدْ لِلطَّالِع, i. e. He used to lower himself, or bend himself down, to the arrow passing beyond the butt, going over it; which they used to reckon like that which hit the butt; meaning that he used to concede to the shooter thereof: or, accord. to Az, it means that he used to lower his head when his arrow was elevated [too high] above the object shot at, in order that the arrow might be rightly directed, and might hit the circle. (TA.) b4: And [as salutation is often accompanied with a bending of the body,] سُجُودٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The act of saluting. (L, TA.) [You say, سَجَدَ لَهُ (assumed tropical:) He saluted him. And also (assumed tropical:) He paid respect, or honour, to him; or magnified him; see Ham p. 294.] b5: You say also, سَجَدَتِ النَّخْلَةُ (tropical:) The palm-tree bent, or inclined, (AHn, Mgh, TA,) by reason of the abundance of its fruit. (Mgh.) And السَّفِينَةُ تَسْجُدُ لِلرِّيحِ (tropical:) The ship bends, or inclines, by the influence of the wind. (A, TA.) b6: وَ النَّجْمُ وَ الشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ, in the Kur [lv. 5], means, accord. to Fr, (assumed tropical:) [and the herbs and the trees] turn towards the sun and incline with it until the afternoon-shade becomes broken: (TA:) or the herbs and the trees humbly submit to his will. (Bd, Jel.) The سُجُود of inanimate things to God we understand, in the Kur, as denoting obedience to that whereto they are made subservient, and as a fact to be believed without inquiry into the manner thereof. (I'Ab, L.) A2: Also He stood erect: (Lth, Msb, K:) so in the dial. of Teiyi. (Msb.) It is said in the K, immediately after the mention of the first signification and this last, that thus the verb has two contr. meanings: but it may be said that there is no [necessary, or absolute,] contrariety between الخُضُوع and الاِنْتِصَاب. (MF.) A3: سَجِدَتْ رِجْلُهُ, aor. ـَ (tropical:) His leg became inflated, or swollen. (K, TA.) 4 اسجد: see 1, second sentence. b2: Also, (K,) inf. n. إِسْجَاد, (S,) (tropical:) He looked continuedly and tranquilly: (TA:) or he looked continuedly, (S, K,) and lowered the eyelids in a languid, or languishing, manner, (S, [the inf. n. being there expl. by إِدَامَةُ النَّظَرِ وَ إِمْرَاضُ الأَجْفَانِ,]) or lowering the eyelids [&c.], (K, * TK,) with a look indicative of [amorousness, and feigned coyness or opposition, or] confidence in one's love, and consequent presumptuousness: (TA:) or he had a languid, or languishing, eye. (L.) b3: And اسجدت عَيْنَهَا (tropical:) She lowered her eye. (A, TA.) سَجْدَةٌ A single act of سُجُود [as meaning prostrating oneself in prayer or the like: pl. سَجَدَاتٌ]: so in the phrase سَجَدْتُ سَجْدَةً [I performed a prostration of myself]: (Msb:) and قَرَأْتُ سُورَةَ السَّجْدَةِ [I recited, or read, the chapter of the prostration; which is the thirty-second chapter of the Kur-án]. (S, * Msb.) سِجْدَةٌ a subst. from سَجَدَ; (S;) A species, or sort, [or kind,] of سُجُود [as meaning prostration of oneself in prayer or the like]: so in the phrase سَجَدْتُ سِجْدَةً طَوِيلَةً [I performed a long kind of prostration of myself]. (Msb.) رَجُلٌ سَجَّادٌ [A man who prostrates himself much, or frequently, in prayer or the like]. (A, TA.) سَجَّادَةٌ A [small mat, such as is termed] خُمْرَة, (S, Mgh, L, TA,) [of an oblong shape, and a small oblong carpet,] upon which one prostrates himself [and stands and sits in prayer]; (L, TA;) also called ↓ سُجَّادَةٌ, (A, TA,) and ↓ مِسْجَدَةٌ. (A, L, TA.) You say, بَسَطَ سَجَّادَتَهُ &c. [He spread his prayer-mat, or prayer-carpet]. (A.) b2: And The mark of سُجُود [or prostration in prayer] upon the forehead [when dust adheres to it]. (S, A, Mgh.) سُجَّادَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَاجِدٌ act. part. n. of سَجَدَ: (L:) [Being lowly, humble, or submissive: bending himself down towards the ground: &c.: and hence, prostrating himself in prayer; putting his forehead on the ground: &c.:] pl. سُجَّدٌ (S, A, L) and سُجُودٌ. (L.) b2: وَ ادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا, in the Kur [ii. 55 and vii. 161], means And enter ye the gate bending down your heads: (I'Ab, K:) it was a narrow [or low] gate. (I'Ab.) b3: And سُجَّدًا لِلّٰهِ, in the Kur xvi. 50, means (tropical:) Humbling themselves to God, with subserviency. (TA.) b4: You say also شَجَرَةٌ سَاجِدَةٌ, and شَجَرٌ سَاجِدٌ and سَوَاجِدُ, [this last word being pl. of سَاجِدَةٌ,] (tropical:) A tree, and trees, bending, or inclining: (A:) and نَخْلٌ سَوَاجِدُ (assumed tropical:) palm-trees bending, or inclining: (AHn:) and نَجْلَةٌ سَاجِدَةٌ (assumed tropical:) a palm-tree bent by its fruit. (K.) [But it is said that] عُلْبٌ سَوَاجِدُ, occurring in a verse of Lebeed, means (assumed tropical:) Firmly-rooted [tall] palm-trees. (IAar.) b5: And فُلَانٌ سَاجِدُ المَنْخِرِ (tropical:) Such a one is object, low, humble, or submissive. (A, TA.) b6: And عَيْنٌ سَاجِدَةٌ (tropical:) A languid, or languishing, eye. (A, K.) أَسْجَدُ (tropical:) Having his leg inflated, or swollen: (K, TA:) applied to a man. (TA.) دَرَاهِم الأَسْجَاد, (O, K,) or الإِسْجَاد, (S, O, K,) thus some relate it, with kesr to the ء, (O, K,) in the saying of El-Aswad Ibn-Yaafur.

مِنْ خَيْرِ ذِى نَطَفٍ أَغَنَّ مُنَطَّقٍ

وَافَى بِهَا لِدَرَاهِمِ الإِأَسْجَادِ [Of the wine of one with earrings, having a nasal twang, girded with a waist-belt, i. e., of a foreigner: he brought it for what are termed دراهم الاسجاد], (S, * O, K, but in the copies of the K كَدَرَاهِم, [which I think a mistranscription,]) means dirhems whereon were effigies to which people performed the act of سُجُود: (S, O, K:) it is said that upon them was the effigy of Kisrà, and he who beheld them lowered his head to them and showed humility [as the Persians in the present day do to the picture of their King]: (IAmb, TA:) or الأَسْجَاد means the tax called جِزْيَة: (O, K:) so says AO, (O,) or A 'Obeyd: (TA:) or the Jews and the Christians: (O, K:) some say the former and some say the latter: (O:) and it is read with kesr to the ء, and expl. as meaning the Jews, (O, K,) by IAar. (O.) [Whatever be the signification of the last word, the verse plainly means, “of wine of a foreigner, sold by him for foreign money. ”]

مَسْجَدٌ The forehead, (S, K,) where is the mark made by the سُجُوَد [or prostration in prayer]. (S.) [Said in the TA to be tropical; but not so accord. to the A.] And sing. of مَسَاجِدُ which signifies The parts of a man that are the places of سُجُود; (Lth, Mgh, Msb, L;) المَسَاجِدُ meaning the forehead, the nose, the hands, the knees, and the feet: (Mgh, L:) or the forehead, the hands, and the knees: (Mgh:) or the seven آرَاب; (S, K;) namely, the forehead, the hands, the knees, and the feet: (TA in art. ارب:) such, accord. to some, is its meaning in the Kur lxxii. 18. (L.) b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

مَسْجِدٌ [Any place in which one performs the act of سُجُود, or acts of worship or devotion; and particularly a mosque; a Muslim temple; an oratory;] a house in which one performs the act of سُجُود; (IB;) a house of prayer; (Mgh, Msb;) any place in which one performs acts of worship or devotion: (Zj:) a word of well-known meaning; (K;) sing. of مَسَاجِدُ; (S, Mgh, K;) and also pronounced ↓ مَسْجَدٌ: (S, K:) this latter word signifies, accord. to IAar, the مِحْرَاب [here meaning oratory, or place of private prayer,] of a house; and the place of prayer of the congregations; (TA;) or it signifies any of the parts of the ground, as well as of the body, that are the places of سُجُود: (Lth, L:) or the place of the forehead [on the ground in the act of prostration in prayer]. (IB.) Fr says, (S,) the مَفْعل of every verb of the class of فَعَلَ having its aor. of the measure يَفْعُلُ is with fet-h to the medial radical letter, whether it be a subst, or an inf. n., (S, K,) without any difference, so that you say, دَخَلَ مَدْخَلًا, and هٰذَا مَدْخَلُهُ; (S;) except some words (S, K) among substs., (S,) as مَسْجِدٌ and مَطْلِعٌ (S, K) and مَغْرِبٌ (S) and مَشْرِقٌ and مَسْقِطٌ and مَفْرِقٌ and مَجْزِرٌ and مَسْكِنٌ and مَرْفِقٌ (S, K) from رَفَقَ, aor. ـْ (S,) and مَنْبِتٌ and مَنْسِكٌ (S, K) from نَسَكَ, aor. ـْ (S;) these being with kesr (S, K) to the medial radical letter (K) as a sign of their being substs.; but sometimes some of the Arabs pronounce it with fet-h in the subst.: مَسْكِنٌ and مَسْكَنٌ have been transmitted; and we have heard المَسْجِدُ and ↓ المَسْجَدُ, and المَطْلِعُ and المَطْلَعُ: and he further says, (S,) fet-h is allowable, (S, K,) in all of these, (S,) even if we have not heard it: but when the verb is of the class of فَعَلَ having its aor. of the measure يَفْعِلُ, the n. of place [or time] is with kesr, and the inf. n. is with fet-h, to distinguish the one from the other; so that you say, نَزَلَ مَنْزَلًا, meaning نُزُولًا, and هٰذَا مَنْزِلُةُ, meaning دَارُهُ. (S, K. *) b2: [Hence مَسْجِدٌ جَامِعٌ A congregational mosque; i. e. a mosque in which a congregation assembles to perform the Friday-prayers.] المَسْجِدُ الحَرَامُ [The sacred mosque of Mekkeh]. (Msb in art. حرم.) المَسْجِدُ الأَقْصَى The furthest mosque [which is in Jerusalem]. (Msb in art. قصو.) مَسْجِدُ الخَيْفِ The mosque of the خَيْف [q. v.] in Minè. (S &c. in art. خيف.) And المَسْجِدَانِ The two mosques; that of Mekkeh and that of El-Medeeneh: (S, Mgh:) so in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. ثرو. (S.) مِسْجَدَةٌ: see سَجَّادَةٌ.

صدر: صَدَر: كما يقال صدر عنه الفعل (لين) بمعنى نشأ، يقال أيضاً: صدر منه (ألف ليلة 1: 80).
صدر في مدة: حدث في مدّة، وقع في مدّة (بوشر) صدر عن رَأي فلان: فعل بما أمره به أو أشار به عليه (عباد 2: 6).
صَدَر: شبع، امتلأ بطنه (معجم البلاذري).
صدر (بالتشديد). صدّر الفرس: فصده من اللبان أي من صدره (ابن العوام 1: 34، 2: 672).
صَدَّر: اضطجع على صدره، أو أسند صدره على شيء (ألكالا) وقد تابعت في هذا ما ذكر فيكتور.
ما صَدَّرْتُه: ما عرضته أعلاه (ابن بطوطة 3: 443) وفي مخطوطة دي جانيجوس: ما صَدَّرْناه.
كان مُصَدِّراً لإمارته: كان يأمر بتنفيذ أوامره (تاريخ البربر 1: 480).
صدَّر: درَّس، ألقى درساً (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 140) ولم يفهم الناشر معنى هذا الفعل (ميرسنج ص5).
تصدير الفقه: تدريس الفقه، إلقاء درس في الفقه (ميرسنج ص22. وانظره في تصدَّر).
صادَر: استولى، ويستعمل هذا الفعل في الكلام عن ضغط مياه النهر وإلحاحها على الشاطئ فمثلاً: بنيت القاهرة على مسافة كبيرة من النيل لئلا يصادرها ويأكل ديارها. (معجم الادريسي).
صادر فلاناً في: ألَحْ عليه في. ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (4: 209): صادرني في دخول الجزيرة.
وقولهم: صادره على كذا من المال (انظر لين) يستعمل أيضاً بكذا يدل على كذا، كما أشار إليه رايسكم (في معجم فريتاج) وتجد أمثلة عليه في رحلة ابن جبير (ص167) وفي حيان - بسام (3311 ق): صودروا بأموال.
صادر: لم يفهم لين في آخر كلامه عن فعل صادر الفعل فارق (انظر فارق). وفي محيط المحيط أيضاً: ويقال صادره على مال أي فارقه على أن يُؤَدِّيَه. غير أن هذا يقال عن المنتصر الذي يصالح المغلوب على أن يدفع إليه ضريبة.
صادر: هذا الفعل ليس فعلاً متعدياً دائماً كما يرى لين، لأنه يستعمل أيضاً بمعنى صَدَر فيكون حينئذ لازماً، ففي المقري (2: 266) ولما تألَّب بنو حسُّون على القاضي الوحيدي المذكور صادر عنه العالم الأصولي أبو عبد الله بن الفخَّار وطلع في حقه إلى حضرة الإمامة مراكش.
أصدر. أصدر الكتابة إلى: التزم بمراسلته. (تاريخ البربر 1: 208).
وروداً وإصداراً: للإيرادات والمصروفات.
أصدر: أشبع (معجم البلاذري).
تصَدَّر: جلس قدّامه، ففي المقري (1: 166): تصدَّر قُدَّامه.
تصدَّر: كان أول من فهل ما كان يبدو صعباً (بوشر).
تصدَّر له: قاومه، وصمد له (بوشر).
تصدَّر: جلس في صدر المجلس. ولما كان صدر المجلس في قاعة الدرس يجلس فيه الأستاذ قيل: تصدَّر للإقراء بمعنى درَّس، ألقى درساً، كان أستاذاً، ففي كتاب ابن عبد الملك (ص5 و): وعاد إلى بلده وتصدَّر للإقراء به. (فهرست المخطوطات الشرقية في مكتبة ليدن 2: 9 رقم 2، المقري 1: 476، 563، ميرسنج ص3) ويقال كذلك: تصدَّر للإفادة (ميرسنج ص14) أو تصدّر لبثِّ العلم (المقري 3: 201) وتصدر لإقراء العربية (المقري 1: 608) وتصدَّر لإقراء القرآن والفقه والنحو (المقري 1: 687) أو تصدَّر لعلم اقليدس.
(أماري ص618، 646).
تصدّر: ألقى درساً في كتاب مدرسي. يقال تصدَّر لإقراء كتاب ابن الحاجب (المقري 3: 183) وتصدَّر لإقراء كتاب الشفا النبوي (المقري 1: 612).
مُتصدّر: أستاذ (المقري 3: 202، أماري ص663، 664، 674).
تصدَّر: استهل الكلام (فوك).
انصدر: صدر عن، انبثق (فوك).
صَدْر: رجل نابغة، متفوق، عالي الشأن. (المقري 1: 884). وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص21 ق): كان صدراً جليلاً، وفيه: كان صدراً في الفرائض والحساب، وفيه (ص26 و) حاله من صدور أهل العلم والتفنن. وفي (ص28 و) منه: هذا الرجل صدر عدول الحضرة الفاسيّة. وفيه (ص28 ق): كان صدر العلماء.
الصدر أو الصدر الأَعْظَم: الوزير ذو المرتبة الأولى بعد الملك (محيط المحيط).
الصدر: الصفوف الأولى من الجيش المعد للقتال (المقري 1: 882) وانظر إضافات (2: 695).
الصدر الأول. يقال في الصدر الأول أي في المبدأ، وفق المبدأ.
(في المصدر الأول من فتح الأندلس: الأيام الأولى بعد فتح الأندلس (عبد الواحد ص122) وتطلق على أيام ظهور الإسلام خاصةً (ابن جبير ص157) وكذلك على أوائل الأمراء المسلمين (ابن بطوطة 3: 294).
صدر صفيح: واقية الصدر في الدرع: صُدرة الدرع (بوشر).
صدر: غطاء لَبان الفرس. (الجريدة الأسيوية 1849، 2: 319 رقم1).
صوان المشروبات، صينية، طبق، خزان توضع عليه الأكواب (بوشر، فليشر معجم ص14).
من الصدر: من الذاكرة، غيباً (ألكالا) وفيه قرأ من الصدر، ويقال أيضاً من صدره، ففي المقري (1: 501): يوردها من صدره، دون كتاب. وصدراً منه، ففي العبدري (ص14 ق): وقد قرأه (المُوطَّأ) عليه صدراً منه.
صدر البازي: قمح أسود، نضم، حنطة سوداء. ففي ابن ليون (ص33 ق): القمح الذي يصلح ان يَزْرَع في المروج هو القمح الأسود المعروف بصدر البازي وهو قمح يتحاماه الخنزير ولا تؤثر فيه الرياح والإصرار لكن لا يتمادى على زرعه أكثر من أربعة أعوام أو خمسة.
وقد أطلق اسم صدر البازي على هذا النبات لأن زهوره البيض تذكرنا بصدر البازي الأبيض ومن ثم بريشه.
صدر النحاس: نوع من الطير (ياقوت 1: 885).
حلَّ الصدر: فَكَّ الأزرار (ألكالا).
ذوات الصدر: عند النحاة هي كل ما يتعين له صدر الكلام الداخل عليه من الأدوات كأدوات الشرط والاستفهام ونحوها (محيط المحيط).
صدرة: يظهر أنها محطة على الحدود. ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 385): وخرج بالسبي والغنائم إلى أدنى صدرة من أرضهم وأناخ بها.
صُدْرَة وجمعها صُدَر: غضروف (ألكالا) صَدْرَيّ: نافع للصدر (بوشر).
الصدري: المختص بالصدر، عضلة (بوشر) صَدْرِيَّة، وتحرف فيقال صِدْرِيَّة وجمعها صَدْاري: نوع من الصدرة أو القمصلة لا أكمام لها وليس لها تقويرة أمامية أو خلفية. بل لها ثلاثة ثقوب لإدخال الرأس واليدين منها. (الملابس ص246 - 247، محيط المحيط، بوشر، برجون ص147، هلو، ميشيل ص182 دونانت ص201، زيشر 11: 481) وصِدار بأكمام (برجون ص799، 800).
صَدْرِيَّة: زاقية الصدر في الدرع (بوشر) ودِرْع (هلو).
صَدْرِيَّة: تسم محكمو اختصاصها استلام الضرائب المتأخرة. ففي ابن خلكان (1: 481) وصِدار بأكمام (برجون ص799، 800) في كلامه عن الحرير: تتولى صدرية المشان (أي مدينة المشان). انظر التعليقة في ترجمة للسيد دي سلان (2: 495 رقم 11). وفي ياقوت (2: 13): تولِّى صدرية المخزن. ويظهر أن هذه الكلمة مشتقة بهذا المعنى من قولهم: صادَره على كذا من المال.
صُدَيري: صدار، صُدرة، أو مشد نسوي للخصر والردفين (بوشر) وانظر الملابس (ص247).
صُدَيْرِيَة: مشدّ من الخام الهندي أو قماش آخر تلبسه النسوة لرفع النهدين دون أن يزعجهن المشد الأوربي (برتون 2: 15 المدينة).
صادر: أبو الحن، أبو الحناء (طائر). (باجني مخطوطات) وفيه Seder. وقد كتبها صادر لأن بوسويه يذكر بهذا المعنى صُوَيْدِر وهو تصغير صادر.
صُوَيْدِر: انظر ما تقدم.
تَصْدِير: رد العجز على الصدر وهو من المحسنات البديعية. وهو ان تكون الكلمة في صدر البيت ثم تذكر في القافية (فريتاج قواعد العربية، محيط المحيط، ابن بدرون ص3).
تصدير: إملاء. نص إملاء (ميرسيخ ص7).
مَصْدَر: مقدمة، تمهيد، مدخل، فاتحة (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي).
مَصْدَر: حمالة السيف (برتون 2: 115).
مصدر الشرح: موضوع بحث، مبحث (همبرت ص113).
مَصْدَرة الكتاب (فريتاج) انظر ديوان الهذليين (ص111).
مَصْدَّر: غضروفي (ألكالا).
المصدَّرات في العلوم: مبادئ العلوم (باين سميث 1001).
مُصادَرَة: من اصطلاحات المنطق وتجد عنها كثيراً من التفصيلات في محيط المحيط.
مُتَصَدِّر: أستاذ. (انظرها في مادة تصدَّر).

صدر

1 صَدَرَ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb, K) and صَدِرَ, (K,) inf. n. صَدْرٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and صُدُورٌ (A, TA) and مَصْدَرٌ (M, K) and مَزْدَرٌ because of the similarity [of the letters ص and ز], (M,) He returned, went back; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and went, or turned, away; (Msb;) from (عَنْ) water, (S, M, A,) and a country, (S, M,) or a place, (Msb,) and (assumed tropical:) any affair. (Lth.) b2: Hence, صَدَرَ القَوْلُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. صُدُورٌ, (assumed tropical:) [The saying issued, proceeded, or emanated, عَنْهُ from him.] (Msb.) [And صَدَرَ عَنْهُ الفِعْلُ, with the same aor. and inf. n., (assumed tropical:) The action proceeded from him.] b3: And صَدَرَ إِلَيْهِ He went to it; namely, a place: (TA:) he came to it. (Kull. p. 228.) A2: صَدَرَهُ: see 4.

A3: Also, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. صَدْرٌ, (M,) He hit, struck, or hurt, his صَدْر [i. e. breast]. (M, K.) You say, ضَرَبْتُهُ فَصَدَرْتُهُ I struck him and hit his breast. (A.) b2: And صَدِرَ He had a complaint of the صَدْر [or chest]. (M, K.) [See its part. n., below.]2 صدّرهُ: see 4.

A2: صدّر بَعِيرَهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَصْدِيرٌ, (TA,) He tied a cord from the girth of his camel to the part behind [or beyond] the callous lump on his breast: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Lth, (L,) one says, صدّر عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ, (M, L,) and the meaning is, he tied a cord from the تَصْدِير [or breast-girth] to the part behind [or beyond] the callous lump on the breast of his camel, to keep the تصدير in its place, when it had become loose in consequence of the animal's having become lank in the belly: the cord above mentioned is called سِنَافٌ [q. v.]. (Lth, L.) b2: And صدّر عَلَى البَعِيرِ [app. He put the breast-girth upon the camel]: from التَّصْدِيرُ, i. e. “ the girth ” [thus called]. (MA.) b3: صُدِّرَ His (a horse's) breast became wetted with sweat. (S.) See 5. b4: صدّرهُ, (TA,) or صدّرهُ فِى المَجْلِسِ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He placed him, or seated him, in the upper, or highest, part in the sitting-room, or sitting-place. (TA.) And صُدِّرَ He was advanced, or promoted. (A.) b5: صدّر كِتَابَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (tropical:) He put to his book, or writing, a صَدْر, (S, K, TA,) i. e. a title, or a commencement. (TA.) And صدّر كِتَابَهُ بِكَذَا (tropical:) [He commenced his book, or writing, with such a thing]. (A.) A3: See also 5, where it is expl. as intrans., in two places.3 مُصَادَرَةٌ signifies The returning, or going back, [app. with another, from water, &c.] (KL.) [The verb is probably trans., agreeably with general analogy, in all its senses; صادرهُ app. signifying primarily He returned, or went back, with him from water &c. b2: Ibr D thinks that it signifies also (assumed tropical:) He vied, or contended, with him for precedence, or priority.]

A2: Also (assumed tropical:) The exacting a fine or the like [app. from another: or the suing, or prosecuting, another, for a debt &c.]. (KL.) You say, صادرهُ عَلَى كَذَا مِنَ المَالِ (S, * K, * TA) (assumed tropical:) He desired, or sought, to obtain from him; or he demanded of him; or he sued, or prosecuted, him for; such a sum, or such an amount, of property. (K, * TA.) b2: And صَادَرْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَ ا وَكَذَا (assumed tropical:) I released him from my reckoning with him on such and such terms agreed upon by both. (TA in art. فرق.) And صُودِرَ عَلَى مَالٍ يُؤَدِّيهِ (assumed tropical:) He (an agent) was released from being reckoned with (فُورِقَ) on the condition of his paying certain property for which he became responsible: a phrase of the registrars of accounts. (TA in the present art.) 4 اصدرهُ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ صَدَرَهُ, (M, K,) and ↓ صدّرهُ, (K,) He caused him to return; sent him, or brought him, back, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) or away; (Msb;) from (عَنْ) water, and a country [or place], (S,) and (assumed tropical:) any affair. (Lth.) You say, أَصْدَرْنَا رِكَابَنَا We sent, or brought, back our riding-camels satisfied with drink so that it was not necessary for us to remain with them for the sake of the water. (TA.) And أَوْرَدَهُ وَأَصْدَرَهُ He brought it and he took it away. (Har p.

361.) b2: [Hence,] أَوْرَدَ وَأَصْدَرَ (tropical:) He began and completed. (TA.) You say, إِذَا أَوْرَدَ أَمْرًا أَصْدَرَهُ (tropical:) When he begins a thing, or an affair, he completes it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ يُورِدُ وَلَا يُصْدِرُ (tropical:) Such a one begins and does not complete. (A.) b3: and اصدر القَوْلَ (assumed tropical:) [He issued forth the saying; made it to issue, proceed, or emanate, عَنْهُ from him]. (Msb. [See 1.]) [And اصدر عَنْهُ الفِعْلَ (assumed tropical:) He, or it, made the action to proceed from him.]5 تصدّر He [a man, TA) erected his chest in sitting. (M, K.) b2: (tropical:) He [a horse) outreached the other horses with his chest; (M, K, * TA;) as also ↓ صدّر, (S, * M, MA, K,) inf. n. تَصْدِيرٌ: the latter verb is afterwards expl. in the K as meaning بَرَزَ بِرَأْسِهِ; but this is a mistake. (TA.) Tufeyl says, describing a horse, مِنْ عَرَقٍ ↓ كَأَنَّهُ بَعْدَ مَا صَدَّرْنَ سِيدٌ تَمَطَّرَ جِنْحَ اللَّيْلِ مَبْلُولُ

As though he were, after they had outreached with their chests, from a row of [other] horses, [a wolf that had exposed himself to rain during a portion of the night, and had become wetted:] but accord. to one relation, it is ↓ صُدِّرْنَ, meaning their breasts were wetted [مِنْ عَرَقٍ] by reason of sweat: the former reading, however is the better. (S.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) He sat, or became placed or seated, in the upper, or highest, part in the sitting-room, or sitting-place. (S, * K, * TA.) and He became advanced, or promoted. (A.) تصدّر لِأُمُورِ النَّاسِ (assumed tropical:) [He became advanced to the foremost place for the conducting of the affairs of the people]. (Har p. 194.) 6 تصادروا [app. They returned together from water, &c.]. (A. [This meaning seems to be there indicated by the context.]) b2: And one says, تصادروا عَلَى مَا شَاؤُوا (tropical:) [app. meaning They released one another from being reckoned with, by mutual agreement, on such terms as they would: see 3]. (A.) صَدْرٌ Anything that fronts, or faces, one. (M, K.) b2: And hence, (M,) The صَدْر [i. e. breast, or chest, or bosom,] of a man, [often meaning his mind,] (M, Msb, K,) and of other than man: (Msb:) of the masc. gender: (Lh, S, M, K:) pl. صُدُورٌ, (S, M, Msb,) the only pl. form. (M.) [See also صُدْرَةٌ.] As to the saying of the poet, (S, M,) El-Aashà, (S,) وَتَشْرَقُ بِالقَوْلِ الَّذِى قَدْ أَذَعْتُهُ كَمَا شَرِقَتْ صَدْرُ القَنَاةِ مِنَ الدَّمِ

[And thou becomest, or wilt become, red by reason of the saying that I have published, like as the fore part of the spear becomes red from blood], (S, * M,) he has made صدر fem. because the صدر of the قناة is a part of the قناة; for they [sometimes] make a noun fem. when it is prefixed to a fem. noun: (S:) or if you will, you may say that he has made صدر fem. because he meant [thereby] the قناة; and if you will, you may say that the صدر of a قناة is a قناة. (M.) [Hence,] بَنَاتُ الصَّدْرِ (tropical:) The spaces between the bones of the breast. (M, TA.) [And also] (assumed tropical:) Anxieties. (T in art. بنى.) And ذَاتُ الصُّدُورِ (assumed tropical:) What is in the minds. (Ksh and Bd and Jel in iii. 115, &c.) and ضَاقَ صَدْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) His bosom, or mind, became strait, or contracted. (Msb in art. ضيق. [See the Kur xv. 97 and xxvi. 12.]) And شَرَحَ بِالكُفْرِ صَدْرًا (assumed tropical:) He opened and dilated his bosom, meaning, was pleased, with infidelity. (Jel in xvi. 108.

[See also the similar phrases شَرَحَ اللّٰهُ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ and لِقَبُولِ الخَيْرِ expl. in art. شرح.]) And اِنْشَرَحَ صَدْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) His bosom became dilated or enlarged [with joy]. (S in art. شرح.) And وَاسِعُ الصَّدْرِ and رَحِيبُ الصَّدْرِ (assumed tropical:) Ample, or dilated, in the breast, or bosom; [meaning free-minded; free from distress of mind; without care: and free from narrowness of mind; liberal, munificent, or generous.] (S and TA in art. رحب.) [and ضَيِّقُ الصَّدْرِ (assumed tropical:) Having the bosom, or mind, strait, or contracted.] And رَجُلٌ بَعِيدُ الصَّدْرِ (tropical:) A man who is not to be turned, or bent, or inclined. (M.) In the saying هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ مَنْ بِهِ صَدْرٌ إِلَّا

أَنْ يَنْفِثَ [meaning Is he who has the disease of the chest (دَآءُ الصَّدْرِ) able to do without spitting?], if it be correct, the prefixed noun [دآء] is suppressed. (Mgh.) [صَدْرُ الدَّجَاجَةِ, as said by Freytag, is the name of (assumed tropical:) The star γ of Cygnus.] b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The upper, or uppermost, part of the front of anything. (M, K.) [Hence,] صُدُورُ الوَادِى (assumed tropical:) The higher, or upper, parts, and fronts, or fore parts, of the valley; (M, K;) as also صَدَائِرُهُ, which is pl. of ↓ صَدَارَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ صِدَارَةٌ, (as in a copy of the M,) or ↓ صَادِرَةٌ, (as in the L,) or of ↓ صَدِيرَةٌ. (M, L, K.) And صَدْرُ المَجْلِسِ (assumed tropical:) The upper, or highest, part [or end] of the sitting-room, or sitting-place: (TA:) the elevated part thereof. (Msb.) b4: [(assumed tropical:) The fore part of anything. (assumed tropical:) The prow, or fore part, of a ship.] (assumed tropical:) The fore part of the foot, between the toes and the [protuberant part called the] حِمَارَة. (M.) (assumed tropical:) The fore part of the sandal, before the [hole through which is put the thong called the شِرَاك, i. e. the hole called the] خُرْت. (M.) (tropical:) The part of the arrow that is above the middle, as far as the مراش: (so in a copy of the A: [an evident mistranscription for رَأْس, i. e. head:]) or the part of the arrow that is beyond the middle, as far as the slender part, (S, M, Msb, K,) which is next the head; (M;) so called because it is the fore part when it is shot: (S, Msb, K:) and likewise of the spear [as in the verse cited above in this paragraph]. (M.) يَوْمٌ كَصَدْرِ الرُّمْحِ [lit. (assumed tropical:) A day like the fore part of the spear] means (assumed tropical:) a day of straitness and distress: accord. to Th, it is a day by which war, or battle, is peculiarly distinguished. (M, L.) b5: (assumed tropical:) The first, first part, or commencement, of anything; (S, M, K;) even (assumed tropical:) of the day, (M, Msb,) and (assumed tropical:) of the night, and (assumed tropical:) of the winter, and (assumed tropical:) of the summer, and (assumed tropical:) the like, (M,) and (tropical:) of an affair. (A. [See an ex. voce عَجُزٌ.]) (tropical:) The title of a book or writing: and the first part, or commencement, thereof. (TA.) [(assumed tropical:) The first foot of the first hemistich of a verse.] And The first hemistich (altogether) of a verse. (O voce عَجُزٌ.) [And (assumed tropical:) The first verse of a قَصِيدَة.] b6: صَدْرُ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:) The wide, or widening, part of the road. (Msb.) b7: صَدْرُ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) The head, or chief, of the people, or party; as also ↓ المَصْدَرُ. (TA.) And hence, صَدْرُ الصُّدُورِ (assumed tropical:) [The chief of the chiefs; a title applied to the prime minister of the king; and also to the chief judge; app., in the earlier times, to the former;] he who performs the onerous duties of the king, or of the state. (TA.) b8: And (assumed tropical:) A part, or portion, of a thing. (S, K.) صَدَرٌ a subst. signifying Return, (S, M, Msb, K,) from (عَنْ) water, (S, M,) and a country, (S,) or a place, (Msb,) and (assumed tropical:) any affair: (Lth:) as some say, from anything. (M.) Hence, طَوَافُ الصَّدَرِ, (K, TA, in the CK الصَّدْرِ,) i. e. The compassing of the Kaabeh on the occasion of the return of the pilgrims from ' Arafát. (TA.) [Hence also,] الصَّدَرُ The fourth day of the days of the sacrifice [performed by the pilgrims]: (M, K:) so called because the people then return from Mekkeh to their abodes. (M.) [And hence the saying,] تَرَكْتُهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ لَيْلَةِ الصَّدَرِ I left him as in the night preceding the fourth day of the days of the sacrifice: (A:) or [as in the night preceding the day] when the people return from their pilgrimage; (S;) meaning, (assumed tropical:) possessing nothing. (M.) A2: Also quasi-pl. n. of صَادِرٌ, q. v. (M, K.) صُدْرَةٌ The صَدْر [or breast] (M, K) of a man [or beast]: (TA:) or the prominent part of the upper portion thereof. (T, S, M, K.) b2: Hence, (S,) A certain garment [which covers the breast], (S, M,) well known: (K:) a short shirt: a short دِرْع: and the dim., ↓ صُدَيْرَةٌ, is applied to a short shirt which is worn next the body. (TA.) [In the present day, صُدَيْرِى, which is a corruption of the dim., is applied to A kind of waistcoat; a short vest without sleeves: and its pl. is صُدَيْرِيَات.] See also the next paragraph.

صِدَارٌ A certain garment, of which the head, or upper part, is like the مِقْنَعَة, [covering the head,] and the lower part of which covers the breast (M, K) and the shoulders: (M:) a woman in mourning for the death of her husband or relation used to wear a صدار of wool: (Az:) or i. q. ↓ صُدْرَةٌ [q. v.] and مِجْوَلٌ and أُصْدَةٌ: (IAar:) or a certain garment with which the head and breast are covered, worn by a woman in mourning for her husband: (A:) or a small shirt worn next the body: (S:) or a دِرْع worn next the breast: (As:) or i. q. إِتْبٌ [q. v.]. (T in art. اتب.) It is said in a prov., كُلُّ ذَاتِ صِدَارٍ خَالَةٌ [Every female having a صدار is as a maternal aunt]: i. e., it is incumbent on a man to be jealous for every woman like as he is jealous for his women under covert, or the females of his family whom he is under an obligation to respect and protect. (S. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 310.]) b2: Also A certain mark made with a hot iron upon the breast of a camel. (S.) صَدَارَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Precedence, or priority. (TA.) b2: See also صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

صِدَارَةٌ: see صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

صَدِيرَةٌ: see صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

صُدَيْرَةٌ dim. of صُدْرَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) صَادِرٌ Returning [from water, &c.]; going, or turning, back, or away: (TA:) quasi-pl. n.

↓ صَدَرٌ. (M, K.) b2: [Hence the saying,] مَا لَهُ صَادِرٌ وَلَا وَارِدٌ (tropical:) He has not anything: (M, K:) or he has not a thing nor a people. (Lh, M.) b3: And طَرِيقٌ صَادِرٌ (tropical:) A road, or way, by which people return from water: (S, M, A, K:) opposed to طَرِيقٌ وَارِدٌ. (M, A.) صَادِرَةٌ: see صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

أَصْدَرُ A man (M) having a large breast, or chest; (M, K, TA;) i. e. having the breast, or chest, or the upper part thereof, prominent; as also ↓ مُصَدَّرٌ. (TA.) A2: الأَصْدَرَانِ Two veins (M, K) that beat, or pulse, (M,) beneath the temples: (M, K:) or the two sides of a man: or the two shoulder-joints: (TA:) the word has no singular. (M.) [Hence the saying,] جَآءَ يَضْرِبُ أَصْدَرَيْهِ; (M, Meyd, K, TA;) and some say أَسْدَرَيْهِ [q. v.], (Meyd, TA,) and this is the original; (Meyd;) and some, أَزْدَرَيْهِ; (Meyd, TA;) a prov.; (M, Meyd, TA;) meaning He came beating [with his hand] his two sides, (TA,) or his two shoulderjoints: (Meyd, TA:) i. e. he came empty [-handed]; (M, Meyd, K, * TA;) not having accomplished the object of his desire: (Meyd:) or he came exulting, or behaving insolently, (Meyd, and Har p. 603,) not knowing where were his أَصْدَرَانِ: so accord. to Yoo: and some say, جَآءَ بَضْرِبُ بِأَصْدَرَيْهِ. (Har.) تَصْدِيرٌ [a subst. like تَذْرِيعٌ and تَنْبِيتٌ] The [fore-girth, i. e. breast-girth, or] girth that is upon the breast of the camel: (S, A: *) [the hind girth, or belly-girth,] that which is next the ثِيل, is called the حَقَب: (S:) or the girth of the camel's saddle (الرَّحْل), and of the [camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج. (M.) مَصْدَرٌ A place of returning or going back, (S, TA,) or of going, or turning, away [from water, and from a country or place, and (assumed tropical:) from an affair or thing]. (TA. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: [Hence, مَصْدَرُ أَمْرٍ (tropical:) The way of return from, or of completing, a thing or an affair: opposed to مَوْرِدُهُ.] One says, هُوَ يَعْرِفُ مَوَارِدَ الأُمُورِ وَمَصَادِرَهَا (tropical:) [He knows the ways of betaking himself to things or affairs, and the ways of withdrawing himself from them; or of commencing them and of completing them]. (A.) [See also another ex. in art. رحب, conj. 6.] b3: And hence [also], the مَصَادِر [pl. of مَصْدَر] of verbs: (S, TA:) مَصْدَرٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) The root of a word, from which proceed the derivatives of verbs: (Lth, TA:) [in this sense it is a conventional term of grammar and lexicology, not belonging to the classical language; but on account of the importance of understanding its true application in lexicology, it is necessary to give here a full explanation of it: it is, agreeably with its etymology, the source (lit. place) of derivation, accord. to the grammarians of ElBasrah; and is what I term an infinitive noun: it is defined as] a noun signifying, by its original application, an accident as subsisting in, or proceeding from, an agent (as الفَرَحُ [“ the being joyful ”], الضَّرْبُ [“ the act of beating ”], and القُعُودُ [“ the act of sitting ”]), or affecting an object of action, (as الجُنُونُ [“ the being possessed by a jinnee ”]), conformable to its verb, so as to comprise all the letters in that verb, either literally (as in the instances above) or virtually (as in القِتَالُ [“ the act of fighting ”], which wants the ا that is before the ت in the verb, yet wants it as to the letter only, and not virtually, wherefore it is sometimes pronounced as if with the said letter, as in قَاتَلَ قِيتَالًا, but the ا is changed into ى on account of the kesr of the letter before it), or substituting another letter for any of those letters that it wants (as in العِدَةُ [“ the act of promising ”], which wants the و that is in its verb as to the letter and virtually, but has ة substituted for it [by way of compensation]): (from a comparison of definitions &c. in the Expos. of the “ Kitab Hodood en-Nahw ” by the author of the work thus entitled, arts. مصدر and اسم مصدر; the Expos. of the “ Shudhoor edh-Dhahab ” by the author of the work thus entitled, section on the nouns that govern as verbs; I' Ak; &c.:) but the grammarians of El-Koofeh hold that the verb is the root, and that the مصدر is derived from it: (I' Ak p. 148:) some مصادر, moreover, are derived from real (as opposed to ideal) substantives, as التَّحَجُّرُ [“ the becoming stone ”] from الحَجَرُ [“ stone ”]. (Kull p. 327.) The مصدر has the same government as its own verb: it is often, and may be at pleasure, used as an ideal subst. or abstract noun: and it is often employed in the place of an act. or a pass. part. n.: (Kull, &c.:) [when thus used as an epithet, it is employed alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.:] accord. to Zj, every مصدر used as an epithet is for ذُو [or ذَات &c.] followed by the مصدر, and therefore it has no dual nor pl. [nor fem.] form. (TA voce حَرَضٌ.) [It has also other uses, which are expl. in the grammars. Used as a مَصْدَر, it is sometimes made fem.; as it is also when used in the sense of a noun that is properly fem.: see صَرْفٌ, third sentence.] b4: اِسْمُ مَصْدَرٍ, called by some اِسْمٌ لِلْمَصْدَرِ, is a term applied to [(assumed tropical:) A quasi-infinitive noun; i. e.] a noun which is not a مصدر, but which is occasionally used in the place of a مصدر; like as a مصدر is used in the place of an act. part. n., and in that of a pass. part. n.: such as الوُضُوْءُ for التَّوَضُّؤُ [“ the performing of the ablution preparatory to prayer ”], and الغُسْلُ for الاِغْتِسَالُ [“ the washing of oneself ”]; each of which wants somewhat that is in its verb without substituting anything for that which is wanting. (Expos. of the “ Kitáb el-Hodood,” cited above.) This kind of noun the grammarians of El-Koofeh and Baghdád allow to govern as a مصدر; but the grammarians of ElBasrah hold that the noun governed in the accus. case in each of the exs. adduced by the former as confirmatory of their opinion is so governed by a verb understood. (Expos. of the “ Shudhoor,”

ubi suprà.) It is also applied to A proper name signifying an accident [or attribute]; as فَجَارِ and حَمَادِ, proper names, by original application, for الفَجْرَةُ and المَحْمَدَةُ [“ vice ” and “ praise ”] and the like: and this kind does not govern as a مصدر. (Expos. of the “ Kitáb Hodood enNahw,” ubi suprà; and Expos. of the “ Shudhoor,” ubi suprà.) It is also applied to [what is more properly termed اِسْمٌ لِلْمَعْنَى الحَاصِلِ بِالمَصْدَرِ, by some termed simply حَاصِلٌ بِالمَصْدَرِ, i. e. An ideal substantive, or abstract noun;] a noun applied to signify an accident [or attribute] considered abstractedly [such as صَدَرٌ signifying

“ return; ” and this kind is commonly termed in the lexicons simply an اِسْم as distinguished from a مصدر]. (Kull p. 327.) Some apply it also to what is [properly] termed مَصْدَرٌ مِيمِىٌّ [i. e. A مصدر commencing with an augmentative م], if not of the measure مُفَاعَلَةٌ: but such is really a مَصْدَر. (Expos. of the “ Shudhoor,” ubi suprà.) And some of the grammarians [and of the lexicographers likewise] apply it to A noun that signifies the instrument [or means] with [or by] which the action signified by a مصدر is performed: as الأُكْلُ [“ food,” as being “ that by means of which the act of eating (الأَكْلُ) is performed ”]. (Kull, ubi suprà.) b5: See also صَدْرٌ, last sentence but two.

مُصْدِرٌ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v. b2: ] (tropical:) A man who completes things or affairs. (A.) A2: and One of the names of the month جُمَادَى الأُولَى: (M, K:) [ISd says,] I think it to be of the dial. of [the tribe of] 'Ad. (M.) مَصْدَرَةُ القَوْمِ (tropical:) Those who are made to have the precedence, or priority, of the people, or party. (A, TA.) مَصْدَرِىٌّ, as a grammatical term, Of, or relating to, the مَصْدَر. See the particles أَنْ and كَىْ &c.]

مُصَدَّرٌ A man (M) strong in the chest; (S, M, K;) and in like manner a lion, (M, A,) and a wolf: (M:) and the lion; (S, K;) and the wolf; (K;) because they are strong in the chest. (TA.) b2: See also أَصْدَرُ. b3: A horse to whose breast the sweat has reached. (M, K.) b4: A horse, and a sheep or goat, white in the upper part (لَبَّة) of the breast: (M, K:) or (with ة, A) a ewe having a black breast, (M, A, K,) the rest of her being white. (M.) b5: (tropical:) A horse that outreaches others (IAar, M, A, K) with his breast: (TA:) IAar does not mention the breast. (M, TA.) [Accord. to rule, this should be مُصَدِّرٌ, as is shown by a verse cited above: see 5.] b6: (tropical:) An arrow thick in the part called the صَدْر. (M, A, K.) b7: And المُصَدَّرُ is a name applied to (assumed tropical:) The first of the arrows termed غُفْل, (M, K,) which have no notches, and to which is assigned no portion [and no fine, in the game called المَيْسِر]; these being added only to give additional weight to the collection of arrows from a dislike of suspicion [of foul play]. (Lh, M. [See السَّفِيحُ and المَنِيحُ.]) مَصْدُورٌ A man (A &c.) having a complaint of the chest. (S, A, Mgh, Msb.) 'Obeyd-Allah Ibn-'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Otbeh, on its being said to him, How long wilt thou utter this poetry? replied, لَا بُدَّ لِلْمَصْدُورِ مِنْ أَنْ يَسْعُلَا To him who has a complaint of the chest, there is no avoiding coughing. (TA. [See also نَفَثَ.]) b2: It is also often used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Grieved, afflicted, or vexed. (TA in art. نفث.)