زَمْزَمُ:
بفتح أوّله، وسكون ثانيه، وتكرير الميم والزاي: وهي البئر المباركة المشهورة، قيل: سميت زمزم لكثرة مائها، يقال: ماء زمزم وزمازم، وقيل: هو اسم لها وعلم مرتجل، وقيل: سميت بضمّ هاجر أم إسماعيل، عليه السلام، لمائها حين انفجرت وزمّها إيّاه، وهو قول ابن عبّاس حيث قال: لو تركت لساحت على الأرض حتى تملأ كل شيء، وقيل: سميت بذلك لأن سابور الملك لما حج البيت أشرف عليها وزمزم فيها، والزمزمة:
كلام المجوس وقراءتهم على صلاتهم وعلى طعامهم، وفيها يقول القائل:
زمزمت الفرس على زمزم، ... وذاك في سالفها الأقدم
وقيل: بل سميت زمزم لزمزمة جبرائيل، عليه السلام، وكلامه عليها، وقال ابن هشام: الزمزمة عند العرب الكثرة والاجتماع، وأنشد:
وباشرت معطنها المدهثما، ... ويمّمت زمزومها المزمزما
وقال المسعودي: والفرس تعتقد أنّها من ولد إبراهيم الخليل، عليه السلام، وقد كانت أسلافهم تقصد البيت الحرام وتطوف به تعظيما لجدها إبراهيم وتمسكا بهديه وحفظا لأنسابها، وكان آخر من حجّ منهم ساسان بن بابك، وكان ساسان إذا أتى البيت طاف به وزمزم على هذه البئر، وفي ذلك يقول الشاعر في القديم من الزمان:
زمزمت الفرس على زمزم، ... وذاك في سالفها الأقدم
وقد افتخر بعض شعراء الفرس بعد ظهور الإسلام:
وما زلنا نحجّ البيت قدما، ... ونلقي بالأباطح آمنينا
وساسان بن بابك سار حتى ... أتى البيت العتيق بأصيدينا
وطاف به وزمزم عند بئر ... لإسماعيل تروي الشاربينا
ولها أسماء، وهي: زمزم وزمّم وزمّزم وزمازم وركضة جبرائيل وهزمة جبرائيل وهزمة الملك، والهزمة والركضة بمعنى، وهو المنخفض من الأرض، والغمزة بالعقب في الأرض يقال لها هزمة، وهي سقيا الله لإسماعيل، عليه السلام، والشّباعة وشباعة وبرّة ومضنونة وتكتم وشفاء سقم وطعام طعم وشراب الأبرار وطعام الأبرار وطيّبة، ولها فضائل كثيرة، روي عن جعفر الصادق، رضي الله عنه، أنّه قال: كانت زمزم من أطيب المياه وأعذبها وألذها وأبردها فبغت على المياه فأنبط الله فيها عينا من الصفا فأفسدتها، وروى ابن عباس عن النبيّ، صلى الله عليه وسلم، أنه قال: الــتضلع من ماء زمزم براءة من النفاق، وماء زمزم لما شرب له، قال مجاهد: ماء زمزم إن شربت منه تريد شفاء شفاك الله وإن شربته لظمإ روّاك الله وإن شربته لجوع أشبعك الله، وقال محمد بن أحمد الهمذاني: وكان ذرع زمزم من أعلاها إلى أسفلها ستين ذراعا، وفي قعرها ثلاث عيون: عين حذاء الركن الأسود، وأخرى حذاء أبي قبيس والصفا، وأخرى حذاء المروة ثمّ قلّ ماؤها جدّا حتى كانت تجمّ، وذلك في سنة 223 أو 224، فحفر فيها محمد بن الضحاك، وكان خليفة عمر بن فرج الرّخّجي على بريد مكّة وأعمالها، تسعة أذرع فزاد ماؤها واتسع ثمّ جاء الله بالأمطار والسيول في سنة 225 فكثر ماؤها، وذرعها من رأسها إلى الجبل المنقور فيه أحد عشر ذراعا وهو مطويّ والباقي فهو منقور في الحجر، وهو تسعة وعشرون ذراعا، وذرع تدويرها أحد عشر ذراعا، وسعة فمها ثلاثة أذرع وثلثا ذراع، وعليها ميلا ساج مربعان فيهما اثنتا عشرة بكرة ليستقى عليها، وأوّل من عمل الرخام عليها وفرش أرضها بالرخام المنصور، وعلى زمزم قبة مبنية في وسط الحرم عن باب الطواف تجاه باب الكعبة، وفي الخبر: أن إبراهيم، عليه السلام، لما وضع إسماعيل بموضع الكعبة وكرّ راجعا قالت له هاجر: إلى من تكلنا؟ قال:
إلى الله، قالت: حسبنا الله، فرجعت وأقامت عند ولدها حتى نفد ماؤها وانقطع درّها فغمها ذلك
وأدركتها الحنة على ولدها فتركت إسماعيل في موضعه وارتقت على الصفا تنظر هل ترى عينا أو شخصا، فلم تر شيئا فدعت ربّها واستسقته ثمّ نزلت حتى أتت المروة ففعلت مثل ذلك، ثمّ سمعت أصوات السباع فخشيت على ولدها فأسرعت تشتد نحو إسماعيل فوجدته يفحص الماء من عين قد انفجرت من تحت خده، وقيل: بل من تحت عقبه، قيل: فمن ذلك العدو بين الصفا والمروة استنانا بهاجر لما عدت لطلب ابنها لخوف السباع، قالوا: فلمّا رأت هاجر الماء سرّت به وجعلت تحوطه بالتراب لئلا يسيل فيذهب ولو لم تفعل ذلك لكان عينا جارية، ولذلك قال بعضهم:
وجعلت تبني له الصفائحا، ... لو تركته كان ماء سافحا
ومن الناس من ينكر ذلك ويقول: إن إسماعيل حفره بالمعاول والمعالجة كسائر المحفورات، والله أعلم، وقد كان ذلك محفورا عندهم قبل الإسلام، وقالت صفية بنت عبد المطلب:
نحن حفرنا للحجيج زمزم ... سقيا نبيّ الله في المحرّم
ركضة جبريل ولمّا يفطم
قالوا: وتطاولت الأيّام على ذلك حتى غوّرت تلك السيول وعفتها الأمطار فلم يبق لزمزم أثر يعرف، فذكر محمد بن إسحاق فيما رفعه إلى عليّ بن أبي طالب، رضي الله عنه، أن عبد المطلب بينما هو نائم في الحجر إذ أتي فأمر بحفر زمزم، فقال: وما زمزم؟ قالوا: لا تنزف ولا تهدم، تسقي الحجيج الأعظم، وهي بين الفرث والدّم، عند نقرة الغراب الأعصم، فغدا عبد المطلب ومعه الحارث ابنه ليس له يومئذ ولد غيره فوجد الغراب ينقر بين إساف ونائلة، فحفر هنالك فلمّا بدا الطيّ كبّر فاستشركته قريش وقالوا: إنّها بئر أبينا إسماعيل ولنا فيها حق، فأبى أن يعطيهم حتى تحاكموا إلى كاهنة بني سعد بأشراف الشام، فركبوا وساروا حتى إذا كانوا ببعض الطريق نفد ماؤهم فظمئوا وأيقنوا بالهلكة فانفجرت من تحت خف عبد المطلب عين من ماء فشربوا منها وعاشوا وقالوا: قد، والله، قضي لك علينا أن لا نخاصمك فيها أبدا، إن الذي سقاك الماء بهذه الفلاة لهو الذي سقاك زمزم، فانصرفوا، فحفر زمزم فوجد فيها غزالين من ذهب وأسيافا قلعية كانت جرهم دفنتها عند خروجهم من مكّة، فضرب الغزالين بباب الكعبة وأقام عبد المطلب سقاية زمزم للحاج، وفيه يقول حذيفة بن غانم:
وساقي الحجيج ثمّ للخير هاشم ... وعبد مناف ذلك السيّد الفهر
طوى زمزما عند المقام فأصبحت ... سقايته فخرا على كلّ ذي فخر
وفيه يقول خويلد بن أسد بن عبد العزّى وفيه ما يدل على أن زمزم أقدم من إسماعيل، عليه السلام:
أقول، وما قولي عليكم بسبّة:
إليك ابن سلمى أنت حافر زمزم ... حفيرة إبراهيم يوم ابن هاجر،
وركضة جبريل على عهد آدم

أُفٍّف
) } أفَّ، {يَؤُفَّ، بالضَّمِّ، قَالَ ابْن دُرَيْدٍ: وَقَالُوا:} يَئفُّ أَيضاً، أَي بالكَسْرِ، وَلم يذْكُرْهُ ابنُ مَالِكٍ فِي الَّلامِيَّةِ، وَكَذَا فِي شُرُوحِ التَّسْهيلِ، وَلَا اسْتَدْرَكَهُ أَبو حَيَّانَ، وَهُوَ القِيَاسُ، وقَوْلُ شَيْخِنَا: فيَحْتَاجُ إِلَى ثَبْتٍ. قلتُ: وَقد نَقَلَهُ ابنُ دُرَيْدٍ فِي الجَمْهَرَةِ كَمَا عَرَفْتَ، ونَاهِيكَ بِه ثِقَةً ثَبْثاً، وَعنهُ نَقَلَ الصَّاغَانِيُّ فِي العُبَابِ، وصاحِبُ اللِّسَانِ:! تَأَفَّفَ مِنْ كَرْبٍ أَوْ ضَجَرٍ. وَ {أُفِّ: كَلِمَةُ تَكَرُّهٍ وقولُه تَعالَى:) فَلا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا أُفٍّ (قَالَ القُتَيْبِيُّ: أَي لَا تَسْتَثْقِلْ مِن أَمْرِهِمَا شَيْئاً، وتَضِقْ صَدْراً بِهِ، وَلَا تُغْلِظْ لَهما، قَالَ: والناسُ يَقُولُونَ لِمَا يَسْتَثْقِلُونَ ويَكْرَهُونَ: أُفٍّ لَهُ، وأَصْلُ هَذَا نَفْخُكَ للشَّيْءِ يسْقُطُ عليكَ مِن تُرَابٍ أَو رَمَادٍ، وللْمَكَانِ تُرِيدُ إِمَاطَةَ أَذىً عَنهُ، فقيلَتْ لكُلِّ مُستَثْقَلٍ، وَقَالَ الزَّجّاجُ: لَا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا مَا فِيه أَدْنَى تَبَرُّمٍ إِذا كَبِرَا أَو أَسَنَّا، بل تَوَلَّ خِدْمَتَهُمَا.
وفِي الحَدِيث:) فَأَلْقَى طَرَفَ ثَوْبِهِ عَلَى أَنْفِهِ، وَقَالَ: أَفٍّ أفٍّ (قَالَ ابنُ الأَثِيرِ: مَعْنَاه الاسْتِقْذَارُ لِمَا شَمَّ، وَقيل: مَعْنَاه الاحْتِقَارُ والاسْتِقْلالُ، وَهُوَ صَوْتٌ إِذا صَوَّتَ بِهِ الإِنْسَانُ عُلِمَ أَنَّهُ مُتَضَجِّرٌ مُتَكَرِّهٌ. قد} أَفَّفَ {تَأْفِيفاً كَمَا فِي الصِّحاحِ،} وتَأَفَّفَ بِهِ: قَالَهَا لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ بفِعْلٍ مَوْضُوعٍ عَلَى أَفَّ عِنْد سِيبَويْه وَلكنه مِن بابِ سَبَّحَ وهَلَّلَ، إِذا قَالَ سُبْحَانَ الله، وَلَا إِلهَ إِلاَّ الله، وَمِنْه حديثُ عائشةَ لأَخِيهَا عبدِ الرحمنِ رَضِيَ الله عَنْهُمَا:) فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ! تَتَأَفَّفَ بِهِمْ نِسَاؤُك تَعْنِى أَوْلاَدَ أَخِيهَا مُحَمَّد بنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حينَ قُتِلَ بمِصْرَ.
ولُغَاتُهَا أَرْبْعُونَ، ذَكَرَ الجَوْهَرِيُّ مِنْهَا سِتَّةً عَن الأَخْفَشِ، وَزَاد ابنُ مَالِكٍ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعَةً، فصارالمجموعُ عشرَة، وَقد نَظَمَهَا فِي بيتٍ وَاحِد كَمَا سيأْتي بَيَانُه: أَن بِالضَّمِّ، وتُثَلَّثُ الْفَاءُ وَهِي ثَلَاثَة وتنوين الْفَاء أَيضاً، فَيُقَال: أُفُّ وأُفٌّ وأَفِّ وأُفٍّ وأُفَّ وأُفّاً، كلُّ ذلِكَ مَعَ ضَمِّ الهَمْزَةِ، فصارتْ سِتَّةً، وَهِي الَّتِي نَقَلَهَا الجَوْهَرِيُّ عَن الأَخْفَشِ.
قَالَ الفَرَّاءُ: قُرِئَ: أُفِّ، بالكَسْرِ بغَيْرِ تَنْوِينٍ، وأُفٍّ، بالتَّنْوِين، فَمن خَفَضَ ونُوَّنَ ذهَب إِلَى أَنه صَوْتٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ مَعْنَاهُ إِلاَّ بالنُّطْقِ بِه، فخَفَضُوه، كَمَا تُخْفَضُ الأَصْوَاتُ، ونَوَّنُوهُ كَمَا قَالَتِ العَرَبُ: سمعتُ طَاقٍ طَاقٍ، لِصَوْتِ الضَّرْبِ وسمعتُ تِغٍ تِغٍ، لِصَوْتِ الضَّحِكِ، وَالَّذين لم يُنَوِّنُوا وخَفْضُوا، قالُوا: أُفِّ، عَلَى ثلاثةِ أَحْرُفٍ، وأَكْثَرُ الأَصْواتِ عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ، مثلَ صَهٍ وتِغٍ ومَهٍ، فذلِكَ الَّذِي يُخْفَضُ ويُنَوَّنُ لأَنَّهُ مُتَحَرِّكُ الأَوّلِ، ولَسْنَا مُضْطَرِّين إِلَى حركةِ الثَّانِي من الأَدَوَاتِ وأَشْبَاهِها، فخُفِضَ بالنُّونِ، كَذَا فِي التَّهْذِيب. وَقَالَ ابنُ الأَنْبَارِيِّ، مَن قَالَ: {أُفّاً لَكَ، نَصَبُه عَلَى) مَذْهَبِ الدُّعاءِ، كَما يُقالُ، ويلاً للكَافِرِينَ، وَمن قَالَ: أُفٍّ لَك، رَفعه بِاللَّامِ كَمَا يُقَال ويل للْكَافِرِينَ وَمن قَالَ أُفٍّ لَك خَفَضَهُ عَلَى التَّشْبِيه بالأَصْواتِ.
وتُخَفَّفُ فِيهِمَا، أَي فِي المُنَوَّن وغيرِه، فيُقَال: أُفٌّ أُفُّ، وأُفٍّ وأُفِّ،} وأُفّاً وأُفَّ، فهذِه سِتَّةٌ، وقرأَ ابنُ عَبّاسٍ:) فَلاَ تَقُلْ لَهُمَا {أُفَ (خَفِيفَةً مَفْتُوحَةً عَلَى تَخْفِيف الثَّقِليَةِ، مثل رُبَ، وقِيَاسُه التَّسْكِينُ بعدَ التَّخْفِيفِ، فيُقَال:} أُفْ، كطُفْ، لأَنَّهُ لَا يَجْتَمِعُ سَاكِنَان، لكِنَّهُ تُرِكَ عَلَى حَرَكَتِه ليَدُلَّ عَلَى أَنها ثقيلةٌ خُفِّفَتْ، وأُفّ، مُشَدَّدَةُ الْفاءِ بالجَمْعِ بَين السَّاكنيْنِ، وَهُوَ جائزٌ عندَ بعضِ القُرَّاءِ، كَمَا مَر بَحْثُه فِي قَولِه تَعَالَى:) فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا (فِي) طوع (فراجِعْهُ، و ( {أُفَّى بِغَيْرِ إِمَالَةٍ، و) } - أُفّي بالإِمَالةِ الْمَحْضَةِ، وَقد قُرِئَ بهِ أُفِّي بالإِمَالَةِ بَيْنَ بَيْنَ، وَقد قُرِئَ بهِ أَيضاً والأَلِفُ فِي الثَّلاثَةِ لِلتَّأْنِيثِ وأُفِّي، بكَسْرِ الْفَاءِ أَي بالإِضَافَةِ، و ( {أَفُّوهْ بضَم الهَمْزَةِ والفاءِ المُشَدَّدةِ المَضْمومةِ وتَسْكِينِ الواوِ والهاءِ، وَفِيه أَيضاً الجَْعُ بَين السَّاكِنَيْنَ، و (} أُفُّهْ، بِالضَّمِّ، مُثَلَّثَةَ الْفَاءِ مُشَددَّةً، فهذهِ ثلاثةُ أَوْجُهٍ، {أُفَّهْ} وأُفُّهْ! وأُفِّهْ، الأُولَى نَقَلَها الجَوْهَرِيُّ وتُكْسَرْ الْهَمْزَةٌ مَعَ تَثْلِيتِ الفاءٍ المُشَدَّدةِ فَهِيَ أَيضاً أَوْجُهٌ ثلاثةٌ، الأُولَى نَقَلَها ابنُ برِّيّ عَن ابنِ القَطّاعِ، {وإِفْ كمِنْ، و (} إِفّ مُشَدَّدَةً أَي: مَعَ كَسْرَةِ الهَمْزَةِ وَفِيه أَيضاً الجَمْعُ بينَ السَّاكِنَيْنِ، و ( {إِفٍ، بكَسْرَتَيْنِ مُخَفَّفَةً،} وإِفٍ مُنَوَّنَةً مُخَفَّفَةً مَعَ كَسْرِ الهمزةِ {إِفّ مُشدَّدَةً مَعَ كَسْرِ الهمزةِ وتُثَلَّثُ هذِه، أَي مَعَ التَّنوِينِ، فَهِيَ أَوْجُهٌ ثلاثةٌ، وقرأَ عمرُو بنُ عُبَيْدٍ:) فَلا تَقُلْ لَهُمَا} إِفَ (بِكَسْرِ الهَمْزَةِ وفَتْحِ الفاءِ، وإِفُّ، بضَمِّ الْفَاءِ مُشَدَّدَةً أَيْ مَعَ كَسْرِ الهَمْزَةِ، و ( {إِفِّا كإِنَّا، و (} - إِفّي، بالإِمَالَةِ، وإِفى، بالكَسْرِ، أَي بالإِضافَةِ إِلَى نَفْسِه، قَالَه ابنُ الأَنْبَارِيِّ، وتُفْتَحُ الْهَمْزَةُ، أَي فِي الوَجْهِ الأَخِيرِ وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَن يكونَ المُرَادُ بِهِ فَتْحَ الهَمْزَةِ فِي كلٍّ مِن إِفُّ {وإِفَّا} وإِفّى {- وإِفّي، فَتكون الأَوْجُهُ أَرْبَعَةً، و (} أفْ، كعَنْ، و ( {أَفِِّ، مُشَدَّدَةَ الْفَاءِ مَكْسُورَةٍ، و (} آفُ، مَمْدُودَةً، و ( {أَفٍ مَقْصُورأً، و (} آفٍ مَمْدُوداً مُنَوَّنتَيْنِ، فهذِه أَربعةٌ وأَربعون وَجْهاً حَسْبَما بَيَّنَّاهُ، وأَعْلَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ، وعلَى الاحْتِمَالِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَاه يكونُ سَبْعاً وأَربعين وَجْهاً، فقَوْل المُصَنِّفِ أَوَّلاً: ولُغَاتُها أَربعون. مَحَلُّ نَظَرٍ يُتَأَمَّلُ لَهُ.
وقَد فَاتَهُ أَيضاً مِن لُغَاتِهَا {أَفَةً، مُحَرَّكةً،} وأَفُوهْ، بفتحٍ فَضَمٍّ فسُكُونِ الواوِ والهاءِ، {وأَفَّةً بفَتْحٍ فتَشْدِيدٍ، الأَخِيرُ نَقَلَهُ ابنُ بَرِّيّ عَن ابنِ القَطّاعِ، فإِذا جَمَعْنَاهَا مَعَ مَا قَبْلَهَا مِن الأَوْجُهِ يتَحَصَّلُ لنا خَمْسون وَجها.
وأَما بيتُ ابنِ مَالِكٍ المُتَضمِّنُ الْعشْرَة مِنْهَا الَّذِي وَعَدْنا بِهِ سَابِقًا، فَهُوَ هَذَا:)
(} فَأُفَّ ثَلِّثْ ونَوِّنْ إِنْ أَرَدْتَ وقُلْ ... {أُفَّا} - وأُفِّى {وأُفَّةً تُصِبِ)
وَقد ذَيَّلْتُ عليهِ بِبَيْتَيْنِ جَمَعْت فيهمَا مَا بَقِيَ مِن لُغَاتِهِ لَا علَى وَجْهِ الاسْتِيعابِ، فقلتُ:
(} وأَفِّ {آفٍ} أََفْ {أَفَّا} وأَفُّ {وأُفْ ... } وإِفْ! - وأُفَّى أَمِلْ واضْمُمْ مَعَ النَّسَبِ) ( {إِفُّ} وأُفّهْ وثَلِّثْ فَاءَهُ {وإِفٍ ... } إِفَّا يَلِيهِ {أَفٍ مَعْ} إِفَّ فَاحْتَسِبِ)
فالبيتُ الأَوَّلُ يتَضَمَّنُ ثلاثةَ عشَر وَجْهاً، وذلِكَ فإِنَّ المُرَادَ {- بِأُفّى إِمالَةٌ بَيْنَ بَيْنَ، وقَوْلِي: أَمِلْ، أَي إمالةً خَالِصَة، وقَوْلِي: واضْمُمْ، إِشارةٌ إِلَى الضَّمِّ فِي المُمَالَيْنِ بَيْنَ بَيْنَ والْخَالِصَةِ، وقَوْلِي: مَعَ النَّسَبِ، إِشارَةٌ إِلَى الإِضافَةِ، أَي فِي المَضْمُومِ والمَكْسورِ، وَفِي الْبَيْت الثَّانِي ثَمَانِيَةٌ، فَهَذِهِ أَحَدٌ وَعِشْرُونَ وَجْهاَ، فإِذا ضُمَّ مَعَ بيتِ ابنِ مالِكٍ يَتَحَصَّلُ أَحَدٌ وثلاثُون وَجْهاً، وَمَعَ التَّأَمُّلِ الصادِقِ يظهرُغيرُه مَا ذَكَرْنَا واللهُ المُوَفِّقُ لَا إِلهَ غيرُه.
قَالَ ابنُ جِنِّي: أَمَّا أُفّ، ونَحْوُهُ مِن أَسْمَاءِ الفعلِ، كهَيْهات فِي الجَرِّ، فمَحْمُولٌ على أَفْعَالِ الأَمرِ، وَكَانَ المَوْضِعُ فِي ذَلِك إِنَّمَا هُوَ لِصَهْ ومَهْ، ورُوَيْدَ، ونحوِ ذلِكَ، ثمَّ حُمِل عليهِ بابُ أُفّ ونَحْوِهَا، مِن حيثُ كَانَ اسْماً سُمِّيَ بهِ الفعلُ، وَكَانَ كُلُّ واحدٍ من لفظِ الأَمْرِ والخَبَرِ قد يَقَعُ مَوْقِعَ صاحِبِه، صَار كلُّ واحِد مِنْهُمَا هُوَ صاحبَه، فكَأَنْ لَا خِلافَ هُنَاكَ فِي لَفْظٍ وَلَا مَعْنًى.
} والأُفُّ، بِالضَّمِّ: قُلاَمَةُ الظُفْرِ، أَو وَسَخُهُ الَّذِي حَوْله، والتُّفُّ: الَّذِي فيهِ أَو وَسَخُ الأُذُنِ، وَقيل هُوَ مَا رَفَعْتَهُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ مِنْ عُودٍ أَو قَصَبَةٍ وبِكُلِّ ذلِكَ فُسِّرَ قولُهُم: {أُفًّا لَه وُتفًّا، أَو} الأَفُّ: وَسَخُ الأُذُنِ والتُّفُّ: وَسَخُ الظُّفُر قَالَه الأَصْمَعِيُّ، قَالَ: يقَال ذَلِك عندَ اسْتِقْذَارِ الشَّيْءِ، ثمَّ اسْتُعْمِلَ عندَ كلِّ شيءٍ يُتَأَذَّى بِهِ ويُضْجَرُ مِنْهُ. أَو الأُفُّ: مَعْنَاه القِلَّةُ، والتُفُّ إِتْبَاعٌ لَهُ، ومَنْسُوقٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ كمَعْنَاه، وسيأْتي فِي بابِه.
{والأُفَّةُ، كقُفَّةٍ: الْجَبَانُ وَبِه فُسِّرَ حديثُ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْه قَالَ لَهُ رَسُول اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْه وسلَّم حِينَ رأَى النَّاسَ مُنْهَزِمِينَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ:) نِعْمَ الْفَارِسُ عُوَيْمِرٌ غيْرَ} أُفَّة (فكأَنَّ أَصْلَه: غيرَ ذِي أُقَةٍ، أَي غيرَ {مُتَأَفِّفٍ عَن القتالِ، وَقيل:} الأُفَّةُ: الْمُعْدِمُ الْمُقِلُّ، وَيُقَال: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ القَذِرُ، والأَصْلُ فِي ذَلِك كلِّه {الأَفَفُ، مُحَرَّكَةً،، وَهُوَ الضَّجَرُ، والشَّيْءُ الْقَلِيلُ فمِن الأَوَّلِ أُخِذَ معنَى الجَبَانِ، وَمن الثَّانِي مَعْنَى المُقِلِّ المُعْدِمِ، وأُخِذَ الرجُلُ القَذِرُ مِن} الأَفِّ، بِمَعْنى وَسَخِ الظُّفُرِ، وقالَ ابنُ الأعْرَابِيِّ، فِي تفسيرِ حديثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ: يُرِيدُ أَنَّه غيرُ ضَجِرٍ وَلَا وَكِلٍ فِي الحربِ.)
وَقد سُمِّىَ {اليَأْفُوفُ بمعْنَى الجَبَان لذلِك واليَأْفُوفُ الْمُرُّ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ، و، قَالَ أَبو عَمْرو: الْيَأْفُوفُ: الخَفِيفُ السَّرِيعُ، والْيَأْفُوفُ: الْحَدِيدُ الْقَلْبِ مِن الرِّجَالِ، وَقَالَ غَيره: هُوَ والْيَهْفُوفُ سَوَاءٌ} كَالأَفُوفِ، كَصَبُورٍ، والجَمْعُ {يَآفِيف، قَالَ: هُوجاً يآفِيفَ صِغَاراً زُعْرَا والْيَأْفُوفُ: فَرْخُ الدُّرّاجِ نَقَلَهُ الصَّاغَانيُّ، وَقَالَ الأَصْمَعِيُّ: الْيَأْفُوفُ: الْعَيِىُّ الْخَوَّارُ، وأَنْشَدَ لِلرَّاعِي:
(مُغَمَّرُ الْعَيْشِ} يَأْفُوفٌ شَمَائِلُهُ ... نائِى الْمَوَدَّةِ لاَ يُعْطِى ولاَ يُسَلُ)
ويُرْوَي:) وَلَا يَصِل (. والمُغَمَّرُ: المُغَفَّلُ.
{والإِفُّ،} والإِفَّانُ، بكَسْرِهما، نَقَلَهُ الجَوْهَرِيُّ، ويُفْتَح الثَّانِي، نَقَلَه الصَّاغَانيُّ فِي التَّكْمِلَةِ، وصاحِبُ اللِّسَانِ {والأَفَفُ، مُحَرَّكَةً، نَقَلَه الصَّاغَانيُّ أَيْضاً، وصاحِبُ اللِّسَانِ، وهما عَن ابنِ الأعْرَابِيِّ.
والتَّئفَّةُ، كتَحِلَّةٍ، قَالَ الجَوْهَرِيُّ: وَهُوَ تَفْعِلَةٌ: الْحِينُ، والأَوانُ، يُقَال: كَانَ ذلِكَ عَلَى} إِفِّ ذَاك، {وإِفَّانِهِ،} وأَفَفَهِ،! وتَئفَّتِهِ، أَي: حِينِهِ وأَوانِهِ، قَالَ يَزِيدُ بنُ الطَّثْرِيَّةِ:
(علَى إِفِّ هِجْرَانٍ وَسَاعَةِ خَلْوَةٍ ... مِنَ النَّاسِ نَخْشَى أَعْيُناً أَنْ تَطَلَّعَا) وحَكَى ابنُ بَرِّيّ، قَالَ فِي أَبْنِيةِ الكِتَاب: {تَئفَّةٌ، فَعِلَّةٌ، قَالَ: والظَّاهِرُ مَعَ الجَوْهَرِيُّ، بدليلِ قَوْلِهِم: عَلَى إِفِّ ذلِك} وإِفَّانِهِ، قَالَ أَبو عليّ: الصَّحِيحُ عِنْدِي أَنَّهَا تَقْعِلَةٌ، والصَّحِيح قيه عَن سِيبَوَيْهِ ذلِكَ، عَلَى مَا حَكَاهُ أَبو بكر أَنه فِي بَعْضِ نُسَخِِ الكِتَابِ فِي بابِ زِيَادَةِ التَّاءِ، قَالَ أَبو عليّ: والدّلِيلُ عَلَى زِيادتهَا مَا رَوَيْناهُ عَن أَحمد عَن ابنِ الأعْرَابِيِّ، قَالَ: يُقَال: أَتانِي فِي إِفَّانِ ذلِك، {وأُفَّانِ ذلِكَ،} وأَفَفِ ذَلِك، وتَئِفَّهِ ذَلِك، وأَتَانَا عَلَى أفِّ ذَلِك، {وإِفَّتِهِ،} وأَفَفِهِ، {وإِفَّانِهِ،} وتَئِفَّتِهِ، وعِدَّانِهِ، أَي: عَلَى إِبّانِهِ ووَقْتِهِ، يَجْعَلُ تَئِفَّةً، فَعِلَّةً، والْفَارِسِيُّ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِك بالاشْتِقَاقِ، ويَحْتَجُّ بِمَا تَقَدَّمَ.
{والأُوفُوفَةُ، بِالضَّمِّ هَكَذَا هُوَ فِي نُسَخِ العُبَابِ، والتَّكْمِلَةِ، بِزيادِة الوَاوِ قَبلَ الفاءِ، وَفِي اللِّسَانِ وغيرِه من الأُصُولِ بحَذْفِهَا، وَقد جاءَ أَيضاً فِي بعضِ نُسَخِ الْكتاب هَكَذَا، وَهُوَ المُكْثِرُ من قَوْلِ أُفِّ، وَفِي العُبابِ: الَّذِي لَا يَزَالُ يقولُ لغيرِهِ: أَفِّ لَك، وَفِي الْجَمْهَرَةِ: يُقَال: كَانَ فلانٌ} أُفُوفَةُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَزَالُ يقولُ لبعضِ أَمْرِهِ: أَفِّ لَك، فَذَلِك {الأُفُوفَةُ.
ومّما يُسْتَدْرَكُ عَلَيْهِ:} أَفَّفَ بِهِ {تَأْفِيفاً،} كَأَفَّفَهُ، {وأُفّاً لَهُ،} وأُفَّةً لَه أَي: قَذَراً، والتَّنْوِينُ للتَّنْكِيرِ، نَقَلَهُ الجَوْهَرِيُّ، {والأُفّ:)
النَّتْنُ، قَالَه الزَّجَّاجُ،} والأَفَفُ، مُحَرَّكَةً: وَسَخُ الأُذُن، {وتَأَفَّفَ بِهِ،} كَأَفَّفَهُ، ورجلٌ {أَفَّافٌ، كشَدَّادٍ: كثيرُ} التَّأَفُّفِ، ويُقَال: كَانَ عَلَى {إِفَّةِ ذَلِك، أَي أَوانِهِ،} والأُفَّةُ، كقُفَّةٍ: الثَّقِيلُ، قالَ ابنُ الأثِيرِ: قَالَ الخَطَّابِيُّ: أَرَى الأَصْلَ فِيهِ {الأَفَفَ، وَهُوَ الضَّجَرُ.
} والْيَأْفُوفُ: الأَحْمَقُ الخَفِيفُ الرُّأْيِ. {واليَأْفُوفُ: الرَّاعِي، صِفَةٌ كَالْيَخْضُورِ، والْيَحْمُومِ، كأَنَّهُ مُتَهَيِّئٌ لرِعَايتِه، عارِفٌ بأَوْقَاتِها، مِنْ قَوْلهِم: جَاءَ عَلَى} إِفان ذَلِك. والْيَأْفُوفُ: الضَّعِيفُ.{والْيَأْفُوفَةُ: الْفَراشةُ، وَبِه فُسِّرَ حديثُ عَمْرِو بن مَعْدِ يكَربَ، أَنه قَالَ فِي بعضِ كَلَامه فُلانٌ أَخَفٌّ مِن} يَأْفُوفة، وَكَذَا وُجِدَ بخَطِّ الشيخِ رَضِيِّ الدِّين الشَّاطِبِيِّ، وَقَالَ الشاعرُ: أَرى كُلَّ {يَأْفُوفٍ وكُلَّ حَزَنْبِلٍ وشِهْذَارَةٍ تِرْعَابَةٍ قد تَضَلَّعَــا ويُقَال: إِنه} ليُؤَفِّفُ عَلَيْهِ، أَي يَغْتَاظُ.

فرد: فرد، ومضارعه يفرد: نشر، بسط، مد، حل الفتل وأزال التواءه. (بوشر، همبرت ص127، ألف ليلة 617:3 (والشدة زائدة) 163:40، 302، برسل 171:4، 439:11، 190:12) فرد الصوت: مدة، ففي ألف ليلة (برسل 73:7). (وفردت صوتاً حسناً وأنشدت).
فرد: جبي ضريبة (هلو).
فرد فردة على: فرض ضريبة على (بوشر) فرد: أنفرد، ابتعد عن الناس (هلو).
فرد: حمل. (هلو).
فرد (بالتشديد)، فرد بفلان بالحرب: ولي وحده القيادة العسكرية .. (معجم الطرائف).
أفرد: أفرد بفلان بالحرب: ولاه وحده القيادة العسكرية. (معجم الطرائف).
أفرد فلاناً: تركه وحيداً منفرداً. ففي حيان - بسام (10:1 ق): فجعل الوزراء يتسللون عنه واحداً بعد واحد إلى أن أفرده (أفردوه).
أفرد فلاناً ولفلان: عهد إليه وحده وكلفه وحده بعمل، وفوض إليه أمراً، وقلده إياه، وولاه وحده. يقال مثلاً: أفرده لمحاربة فلان (معجم الطرائف) وكذلك أفرد ب، ففي حيان (ص62 ق): أفرده بالولاية.
أفرد: جعل الكلمة مفردة (غير مثناة ولا جميعاً) البيضاوي 48:2، 49).
أفرد: بسط، نشر. (بوشر) أفرد القلوع: نشر الأشرعة. (ألف ليلة 128:2، يرسل 380:3). تفرد بنفسه: اعتزل الناس، وتنحي عنهم وابتعد. (بوشر).
تفرد إلى: اشتغل ب، كرس وقته له، ففي كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص33 ق): تفرد إلى ذلك. انفرد: توحد، اعتزل الناس، وصار في عزلة عنهم. (بوشر).
انفرد: كان فريداً فذاً. (ويحرز ص47).
أنفرد ب: تضلع بالشيء وحده، وأجاده، وأتقنه، ويقال أيضا: كان وحيداً في فنه، وفاق فيه غيره (معجم الطرائف).
أنفرد ب: قاتل شخصاً وحده (معجم الطرائف).
أنفرد عن: انعزل عن: (بوشر).
افرد: امتد، اتسع، انبسط. (بوشر).
افترد=انفرد. (السعدية نشيد في الملحق).
فرد: جمعت في هذه المادة بين فَرْد وفَرَد وفرد بمعنى واحد. والفصحاء لا يجوزون فرد في هذا المعنى (محيط المحيط) وأرى أنه لا فرق بينها في لغة العامة.
فرد: واحد، وحيد يقال: فرد زوجة أي زوجة واحدة (ألف ليلة 9:1) ويقال: لم أملك الدرهم الفرد أي لم أملك الدرهم الواحد (ألف ليلة 16:1) ويقال: فرد طريق أي مرة واحدة (برسل 272:2) ويقال ابتاع فلان فرد البغل، أي بغلاً واحداً.
وفي كتاب العقود: أفراد أفراد أي واحداً واحداً (بوشر) وذكر أفرادهم: ذكرهم واحداً واحداً. (عباد 165:2).
أفراد وأزواج: واحداً واحدا واثنين اثنين. ويقال إفراد أزواج بحذف واو العطف (بوشر).
فرد واحد: واحد (بوشر).
فرد عين: أعور (بوشر).
على فرد: تناغم، توافق الأنغام. (ألكالا).
فرد، والجمع أفراد: شخص. (بوشر).
فرد: نفس. يقال فرد شي، أي نفس الشيء، نذ، سيان. (سوريا). ويقال: هذا وهذاك فرد شيء أي هذا ند هذاك ونظيره ومساو له. ويقال: إذا وإياك فرد عمر، أي أنا وأنت في نفس العمر، في عمر واحد. (بوشر).
حديث فرد= حديث غريب. وهو الذي يرويه صحابي واحد. (دي سلان المقدمة 484:2).
الفرد: سيف عبد الله بن رواحة (محيط المحيط).
فرد، والجمع أفراد: سلة فواكه. (ألكالا).
فرد: سلة من الخوص (لين عادات 218:2، ألف ليلة 26:2، 168:4).
فرد رز: كيس كبير من الرز (بوشر). الفرد الأبيض والجمع الفرود البيض: اسم قديم لعملة من النقد كان الأسبان يسمونها Blanca ( مذكرات الأكاديمية 311:2).
فرد: دينار في القسم الأول من معجم فوك.
فرد، والجمع أفراد وفراد: ثور بقر عند البربر. (بوشر بربرية، هلو، شيرب ديال ص 2151، رولاند ديال ص567، وثور (همبرت ص67).
فرد، والجمع فرود وفرودة: مسدس، طبنجة، غدارة. (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
فرد، وفرد: يقال سيف فرد وفرد، وهو فيما يقول بعض اللغويين سيف سل من غمده. (طرائف دي ساسي 437:2 رقم 20) وانظر (لين).
فردة: تطلق على أحد الزوجين من كل شيء إذا جمعا كانا شيئاً واحداً.
فردة، والجمع فرد (محيط المحيط) وفرادى (بوشر): وهي عند المكارين نصف حمل الدابة. وبالة، حزمة كبيرة، طرد. حزمة بضائع. (بوشر، محيط المحيط، همبرت ص88، 101، هلو، نيبور رحلة 139:1، 140) وفي ألف ليلة 142:1): فردة بساط، وفي برسل (352:1): شقة بساط وكذلك في ماكن (146:1).
ومن كلمة فردة أخذ كثير من الكلمات في اللغات الرومانية منها كلمة fardeau الفرنسية (بمعنى حمل) وكلمة Fardel القديمة وهي تصغير Farde كما أكد ذلك السيد دفيك (ص115).
فردة نعل= فرد. ففي رياض النفوس (ص42 ق): واستعمل لفردة نعل من نعليه قبالاً واهباً.
فردة: سير الركاب، سير من جلد يربط ركاب الفارس في السروج العربية. (شيرب).
فردة: نصف قطعة من نسيج القطن الغليظ تسمى ثوب دمور. وهذا النصف وهو على شكل فوطة طويلة تستعمل وزرة. (بركهارت نوبية ص216، دارفور ص206 دسكرياك ص114، ويرن ص26).
فردة والجمع فرد: مصراع باب، دفة باب (بوشر، ألف ليلة 43:1).
فردة: في اصطلح النجارة كل طرف من طرفي العارضة (الجائز) في هيكل السقف. (معجم الأسبانية ص109).
فردة من كاغد: صفحة من ورق. (ألكالا).
فردة (تصحيف فرضة): ما يفرض من ضريبة على الدخل، ضريبة الدخل، جزية، رسم، مكس، خراج. (معجم الأسبانية ص108).
فردة: عند المولدين ضريبة تؤخذ على الرأس (محيط المحيط) وجمعها فرد في معجم بوشر.
فرد طاب: عصا صغيرة تستخدم في لعبة طاب. (ألف ليلة 584:1) مع التعليقة في ترجمة لين (610:1 رقم 26).
فردية: ربع قطعة النسيج المسماة الطريدة الملكية (هوست ص 269).
الفراد: المفرد في مصطلح النحو. (أبو الوليد ص658 رقم 39، ص660 رقم 74، ص671 رقم 324، ص802 رقم 27).
الفرود: في مصطلح الفلك نجوم الكلب الأكبر المنفردة وسبعة أخرى من البرانية (سديللو ص222).
فرادي: منفرد، لا ينتمي إلى جماعة (أماري ديب ص197).
فرودية: منديل مربع من الموسلين (الموصلي) المطبوع أو المصبوغ أو من الكريب (الكريشة) تعصب به سيدات القاهرة رؤوسهن. (لين عادات 58:1).
فراد: فارس ماهر. (ألكالا).
فرادي: مديردفة سفينة، نوتي الإشارة (الجريدة الآسيوية 1841، 589:1).
تفريد: مزية، امتياز. (هلو).
تفريد: حصة، قسط. (بوشر).
مفرد: فرد. مقابل زوج. (بوشر).
مفرد: ما يختص بالناسك. (ألكالا).
بمفرد: فردياً، فرداً فردا. ويقال: كل واحد بمفرده (بوشر).
بمفرد: على انفراد، انفراداً، في عزلة. (بوشر) بمفرده: أي وحده، يقال مثلاً: استقل بالملك بمفرده، أي وحده. (معجم أبي الفدا).
بمفرده: خاص به، مستقل، شخصي. ففي طرائف دي ساسي (334:1): عملوا لهم مذهباً بمفردهم. وفي الطرائف (7:2): مدينة بمفردها (9:2، المقري 713:2) كل جملة بمفردها: جملة بعد جملة (بوشر) أعطيك جواباً كل جملة بمفردها: أجيبك بتفصيل نقطة بعد نقطة. (بوشر).
بندقية مفردة: بندقية ذات طلقة واحدة (بوشر).
المفرد: في مصر هو حسب ما ذكر في (مملوك 1، 187:1) أملاك الأمير الخاصة. وديوان المفرد: الدائرة التي تشرف على إدارة هذه الأملاك.
وفي موضع آخر من مملوك (1، 27:1) ينقل كاترمير نصاً من (الانشا) يقول: حين تولى الظاهر برقوق السلطة اشترى عدداً كبيراً من المماليك وأنشأ لهم ديواناً يشرف على المقاطعات التي خصصت وارداتها لرواتب هؤلاء المماليك وعلف دوابهم، وقد أطلق على هذا الديوان اسم ديوان المفرد.
مفرد والجمع مفاريد=مفردي. (انظر مفردي). الجهة المفردة. (مملوك 17:1:1) وقد ترجمها كاترمير. بما معناه الضريبة الوحيدة وفي التعليقة: الضريبة الخاصة. ولا أدري أي ضريبة كانت. المفردون: هم الزماميون في الهند وهم الجنود المسجلون في زمام (ديوان) الجيش. (ابن بطوطة) 188:3، 193، 4، 47).
مفردة، والجمع مفردات. الدواء البسيط، العشب الطبي. (بوشر).
مفردي، والجمع مفاردة، وكذلك مفرد والجمع مفاريد: هم الأشخاص الذين كانوا في عداد الحلقة أيام السلاطين المماليك، وكانوا يمتازون عن الجند وعن غيرهم من المماليك (مملوك 1، 187:1، ياقوت 309:2).
منفرد: نجم منعزل. (دون ص61).
منفرد: وحيد، لا نظير له (كوسج طرائف ص65).
منفرد عن الطرفين: حيادي، محايد، لا يميل إلى حزب من الحزبين. (بوشر).

فرد

1 فَرَدَ, aor. ـُ [inf. n. فُرُودٌ,] He, or it, was, or became, single; sole; or one, and no more. (Msb.) b2: See also 7, (with which two other forms of the unaugmented verb, namely, فَرِدَ and فَرُدَ, are also mentioned,) in four places.2 فرّد, inf. n. تَفْرِيدٌ, He applied himself to the study of practical religion, or the law, and withdrew from [the rest of] mankind, and attended only to the observance of the commands and prohibitions [of religion]. (IAar, T, L, K.) [See also the part. n., below.]4 افرد as intrans.: see 7. b2: أَفْرَدَتْ She (a female, S, L, a pregnant female, A, or a woman, K) brought forth one only: (S, A, L, K:) opposed to أَتْأَمَتْ: (A:) not said of a she-camel, because she never brings forth more than one. (S, L, K.) b3: افردهُ He made him, or it, to be single; sole; or one, and no more. (Lth, T, M, * L, Msb. *) b4: And He put, or set, him, or it, apart, aside, or away; he separated him, or it. (S, K.) Yousay, افردهُ مِنْهُ [He separated him from him, and rendered him solitary; or he left him solitary]. (A and Mgh in art. وتر.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce عَاذِبٌ.] b5: [Hence,] افرد فُلاَنًا بِشَىْءٍ He made such a one to have a thing to himself alone, with none to share, or participate, with him in it. (A in art. فرز.) b6: And افرد الحَجَّ عَنِ العُمْرَةِ He performed the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage separately from those of the عُمْرَةِ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b7: And افرد إِلَيْهِ رَسُولاً (S, K) He sent [away] a messenger to him. (K.) 5 تَفَرَّدَ see the next paragraph, in two places.7 انفرد and ↓ فَرَدَ signify the same: (S:) the latter, aor. ـُ [inf. n. فُرُودٌ,] is expl. by Lth as signifying He was, or became, alone, by himself, apart from others, or solitary: (T, L:) and thus انفرد بِنَفْسِهِ signifies. (Msb.) And انفرد عَنْهُ He, or it, was, or became, apart, or separate, from him, or it, and alone. (L.) And انفرد بِفُلاَنِ and ↓ استفردهُ are syn. [as meaning He was, or became, alone with such a one]. (M, A, K.) And انفرد بَالأَمْرِ, (Az, T, M, L, K,) and بِكَذَا, (S,) and بِرَأْيِهِ; (L;) and ↓ فَرَدَ, (Az, T, M, L, K,) aor. ـُ (Az, T, M, L,) inf. n. فُرُودٌ; (Az, L;) and ↓ فَرِدَ, and ↓ فَرُدَ, (M, L, K,) mentioned by Lh; (M, L;) and ↓ افرد, (L, K,) and ↓ تفرّد, and ↓ استفرد; (S, M, L, K;) signify alike; (Az, T, S, M, L, K;) i. e. He was, or became, alone; independent of others; without any to share, or participate, with him; in the affair, and in such a thing, and in his opinion: (the lexicons passim: [see اِسْتَبَدَّ:]) and [in like manner] بِالمَالِ ↓ تفرّد [he was without any to share, or participate, with him in the property]. (Msb.) b2: لَأُقَاتِلَنَّهُمْ حتَّى تَنْفَرِدُ سَالِفَتِى, occurring in a trad., means (assumed tropical:) I will assuredly fight with them until I die; lit., until the side of my neck shall become separate from my body; because its separation can be only by death. (L.) 10 استفرد as intrans.: see 7.

A2: استفردهُ: see 7. b2: Also He found him alone, having no second person with him. (A.) [Hence, one says,] اِسْتَطْرَدَ فَجَدَّلَهُ لَهُمْ فَلَمَّا اسْتَفْرَدَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلاً كَرَّ عَلَيْهِ [He fled, or wheeled about widely, from them, to turn again, by way of stratagem; and when he found a man of them alone, he returned against him, and threw him down upon the ground]. (A, L.) And استفرد الدُّرَّةَ He (the diver) found the pearl alone, having no other with it. (A.) b3: And He took it alone; by itself; without any other, or any like it. (T, L.) He took it forth from among the things that were with it. (M, K.) فَرْدَ Single; sole; only; one, and no more; syn. وِتْرَ; (S, A, L, Msb;) i. e. وَاحِدٌ: (Msb:) [and, used as a subst., a single, or an individual, person or thing:] fem. فَرْدَةٌ and ↓ فَرْدَىْ [which latter is anomalous, as though fem. of فَرْدَانُ]: (Msb:) pl. أَفْرَادٌ and ↓ فُرَادَى which latter is anomalous, as though pl. of فُرْدَانُ (S, L, Msb) and of فَرْدَىْ, like as سُكَارَى is pl. of سُكْرَانُ and of سَكْرَى. (Msb. See also فُرَادٌ, below.) You say, عَدَدْتُ الدَّرَاهِمَ

أَفْرَاداً I counted the dirhems one by one. (T, A.) b2: And Such as has no equal, or like: (Lth, M, L, K:) pl. أَفْرَادٌ (M, K) and فُرَادَى [respecting which latter see above]. (K.) الفَرْدُ as an epithet applied to God means The Single; the Sole; the One; (T;) He who has no equal, or like; the Unequalled: (Lth, T, L:) but Az says, I have not found it so applied in the Sunneh; and no epithet should be applied to God except such as He has applied to Himself, or such as the Prophet has applied to Him. (L.) And one says سَيْفٌ فَرْدٌ, (K,) and ↓ فَرَدٌ, (T, L, K,) and ↓ فُرُدٌ, (L, K,) and ↓ فَرِدٌ, (K,) and ↓ فَرُدٌ, (T, K,) and ↓ فَرِيدٌ and ↓ فَرْدَدٌ, (K, but the third and fifth not in the text of the K as given in the TA,) A sword having diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain; (ذُو فِرِنْدٍ, K, [in the TA وَفِرِنْدٌ, as though one said also سَيْفٌ فِرِنْدٌ, which is evidently a mistake,]) unequalled (T, L, K) in excellence. (T, L.) b3: And The half [meaning one] of a pair or couple. (M, L, K.) b4: And Such as is alone, by himself or by itself, or apart from others; unconnected with, or unattended by, others; solitary, or separate; syn. مُتَّحِدٌ, (M, L, K,) or مَا كَانَ وَحْدَهُ; (Lth, L;) unmixed with others; [in which sense it is] a word of more common application than وِتْرٌ, and more special than وَاحِدٌ: (Kull p. 278:) pl. فِرَادٌ (M, L, K) [and أَفْرَادٌ and فُرُودٌ also, as will be shown below]: an ex. of the first of these pls. occurs in the saying, (cited by IAar, L,) تَخَلُّفَ السَّقْرِ فِرَادَ السِّرْبِ [As the hawk's seizing, or carrying off by force, those that are apart from the others of the flock of birds]. (M, L. See, again, فُرَادٌ.) [Hence,] one says ثَوْرٌ فَرْدٌ, (S,) and شَىْءٌ فَرْدٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ فَرِدٌ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ فَرَدٌ, and ↓ فَرُدٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ فُرُدٌ, (K,) and ↓ فَارِدٌ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ فَرِيدٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ فَرُودٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ فَرْدَانُ, (K,) [and ↓ مُفْرَدٌ (see an ex. voce شَاةٌ, in art. شوه),] A bull, (S,) and a thing, (M, K,) that is alone, by itself, or apart from others; solitary, or separate from others. (S, M, K.) And ↓ سِدْرَةٌ فَارِدَةٌ A lote-tree apart from others. (S.) And شَجَرَةٌ

↓ فَارِدٌ, (M, K,) and فَارِدَةٌ, (M, TA,) A tree apart from others. (M, K, * TA.) And ↓ ظَبْيَةٌ فَارِدٌ A gazelle apart, or separate, from the herd. (S, M, K.) And ↓ نَاقَةٌ فَارِدٌ, and ↓ مِفْرَادٌ, and ↓ فَرُودٌ, A she-camel that goes away alone, apart from others, in the pasture, (M, L, K, *) and at the water; (M in explanation of the last, and L;) the epithet applied to the male being ↓ فَارِدٌ, only. (M, L.) And بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ ↓ هُوَ فَارِدٌ He is alone in this affair. (A.) And it is said in a trad., ↓ لاَ تُعَدُّ فَارِدَتُكُمْ, meaning Your ewe, or she-goat, that ye have set apart from the flock, or herd, that ye may milk her in the tent, or house, shall not be reckoned [among those for which ye are to pay the poorrate]: (A:) or the meaning is, what is over and above the فَرِيضَة [or fixed number of camels, &c., to be given in payment of the poor-rate] shall not be added to the latter and reckoned therewith. (L.) And in another it is said, ↓ لاَ يَغُلُّ فَارِدَتُكُمْ, expl. by Th as meaning Such of you as shall segregate himself, as, for instance, one or two, and gain spoil, shall resign it to the collective body, and not act unfaithfully by taking it for himself. (M, L.) And in another, فَمِنْكُمُ المُزْدَلِفُ صَاحِبُ العِمَامَةِ الفَرْدَةِ And of you is El-Muzdelif, he of the solitary turban: this was said of him because, when he rode, no one with him wore a turban, to show honour to him. (L.) b5: لَقِيْتُهُ فَرْدَيْنِ means I met him, we two being alone. (S, L, K.) b6: أَفْرَادُ النُّجُومِ, (S, M, L, K,) as also فُرُودُهَا, (K,) signifies The brightly-shining stars (الدَّرَارِىْءُ) in the horizon [when other stars, there, are invisible]: so called because they are apart from the other [visible] stars. (M, L.) and الفُرُودُ, (T, M, L, and so in some copies of the K,) in some copies of the K ↓ الفُرْدُودُ, [and thus in the CK,] but the former is the right, (TA,) Certain stars, disposed in a row, behind the Pleiades; (K;) in some copies of the K, around the Pleiades: (TA:) certain bright stars around the Pleiades. (T, L.) And (L) Certain stars around حَضَارِ [q. v.], which is one of the two stars called المُحْلِفَانِ, (M, L, TA,) the other whereof is called الوَزْنُ; (TA;) certain small stars with حَضَارِ; so called because situate apart from the latter, by its side. (Kitáb Anwá el-'Arab, TA.) And الفَرْدُ is a name of The star (a) in the hinder part of the neck of الشُّجَاع [the constellation Hydra; which star is also called عُنُقُ الشُّجَاعِ]. (Kzw in his description of الشجاع.) b7: فَرْدٌ signifies also One side of a jaw: (M, L, K:) pl. أَفْرَادٌ. (M, L.) b8: And A sandal such as is termed سِمْطٌ, not patched, nor having a second sole added to it; (K;) a sandal having a single sole; not having a sole composed of two pieces of leather sewed together, one beneath the other; thus in the saying, يَا خَيْرَ مَنْ يَمْشِى بِنَعلٍ فَرْدِ [O best of such as walk with a single-soled sandal], meaning O best of the great men of the Arabs; for sandals were worn by the Arabs, exclusively of the foreigners; and thin sandals, only by the kings and chief persons of the former. (L.) b9: Also, and ↓ فَارِدٌ, A bull [app. a wild bull]. (Lth, T, L. [See also مُفْرَدٌ.]) b10: [The pl.] الأَفْرَادُ as a conventional term in lexicology signifies What have been transmitted by only one of the lexicologists; what is thus transmitted, if the transmitter is a person of exactness (as Aboo-Zeyd and ElKhaleel and others), is admitted. (Mz, 5th نوع.

[See also الآحَادُ, voce أَحَدٌ; a similar, but less restricted, term: and see المَفَارِيدُ.]) فَرَدٌ and فَرِدٌ and فَرُدٌ and فُرُدٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter: and again, in the second quarter: and for the first and second and third, see also فُرَادٌ.

فَرْدَةٌ fem. of فَرْدٌ [used as an epithet] in the first of the senses assigned to the latter above. (Msb.) فُرَدَةٌ One who goes away alone, (K, TA,) having left his companions. (TA.) فُرْدَاتٌ [Hills, or the like, such as are termed]

آكَام [pl. of أَكَمَةٌ, q. v.]. (K.) فَرْدَى: see فَرْدٌ, first sentence: b2: and see فُرَادٌ.

فَرْدَانُ: see فَرْدٌ, second quarter: b2: and see فُرَادٌ.

فَرَادَ; see the paragraph here following.

فُرَادٌ [is most properly regarded as a quasi-pl. n., rather than as a pl., of فَرْدٌ; and فُرَادُ is similar to it in meaning]. One says, جَاؤُوا فُرَاداً, and ↓ فُرَادَى, (S, M, K,) with tenween and without it, (S,) and فُرَادَ, (K,) like ثُلَاثَ and رُبَاعَ, (TA,) and ↓ فَرَادَ, and فِرَاداً [a pl. of ↓ فَرْدٌ,] and ↓ فَرْدَى, (K,) [and ↓ فُرَّاداً, perhaps thus by poetic license, see an ex. in a verse cited voce مُرْسِمٌ,] They came one by one; one at a time; (S;) one after another: (M, K:) Az relates that the Kilábees said, جِئْتُمُونَا فُرَاداً [Ye came to us one by one; or one after another]: and هُمْ فُرَادٌ وَأَزْوَاجٌ [They are separate persons and pairs], with tenween: and the Arabs said قَوْمٌ فُرَادُ, imperfectly decl., likened to ثُلاَثُ and رُبَاعُ, [A party composed of separate persons, disposed by ones, or one after another,] and ↓ فُرَادَى, which latter is said by Fr to be a pl.: (T, L:) and the sing. [he adds] is ↓ فَرَدٌ and ↓ فَرِدٌ and ↓ فَرِيدٌ and ↓ فَرْدَانُ: (T, K:) but ↓ فَرُدٌ, (so accord. to a copy of the T,) or ↓ فَرْدٌ, (so in the K accord. to the TA, [in the CK فُرْدٌ,]) in this sense, [i. e. in the pl. sense] is not allowable. (T, K.) فَرُودٌ: see فَرْدٌ, second quarter, in two places.

فَرِيدٌ: see فَرْدٌ, former half, in two places: and see فُرَادٌ. b2: Also i. q. شَذْرٌ [app. as meaning The beads that divide the other beads of a string]; (T, A;) in the language of the 'Ajam [app. meaning Persians] called جَاوَرْسَق [a word I do not find in any dictionary]: accord. to Ibráheem El-Harbee, شَذْر of silver, like pearls: (T:) or شَذْر that divide the pearls and gold: (M, L, K:) and pearls that are strung, and divided by other things interposed: (S, L, K:) or pearls that divide the pieces of gold in a necklace: (A:) one thereof is termed ↓ فَرِيدَةٌ: (T, M, A, L:) pl. فَرَائِدُ. (T, M, K.) And A precious, or highly-esteemed, gem; (M, L, K;) as also ↓ فَرِيدَةٌ; (K;) as though it were the only one of its kind; (M, L;) or so called because unequalled; or because [it is a pearl] found alone in its shell: (MF:) and as some say, (S,) ↓ فَرَائِدُ الدُّرِّ signifies the large pearls. (S, L.) b3: Also The intermediate vertebræ between the last of the six vertebræ that are next to the دَأْى [q. v.] of the neck and the six that are between these فَرِيد and the [rump-bone called the] عَجْب; as also ↓ فَرَائِدُ: (M, L, K:) or ↓ فَرِيدَةٌ [the sing.] signifies the vertebra that projects from the part, of the back of a horse, that is next to the lumbar vertebrœ; intervening between the dorsal vertebræ and the lumbar: it projects in some horses. (M, L.) فَرِيدَةٌ, and the pl. فَرَائِدُ: see the next preceding paragraph, in five places.

فُرَادَى: see فَرْدٌ, first sentence: and see also فُرَادٌ, in two places.

فَرَّادٌ One who sells, (T, A, L, K,) and one who makes, (M, L, K,) what are termed فَرِيد, (A, L, K,) i. e. (A) شَذْر. (T, A.) فُرَّادًا: see فُرَادٌ.

فَرْدَدٌ: see فَرْدٌ, first quarter.

الفُرْدُود: see فَرْدٌ, latter half.

فَارِدٌ, and its fem. (with ة): see فَرْدٌ, near the middle, in nine places: b2: and again, near the end. b3: سُكَّرٌ فَارِدٌ Sugar of the best kind, and white. (K.) b4: And إِبِلٌ فَوَارِدُ [She-camels] which stallions do not resemble (لاَ تُشْبِهُهَا). (So in the O and K. [But the right reading is evidently I think, لا تَشْتَهِيهَا, which the Turkish translator of the K appears to have found in a copy of that work; and the meaning, therefore, which stallions do not desire. فَوَارِدُ is pl. of فَارِدَةٌ.]) مُفْرَدٌ: see فَرْدٌ, second quarter. b2: [Hence, as a conventional term, A single, simple, word or vocable;] an expression of which a portion does not denote a portion of its meaning: (KT:) [pl. مُفْرَدَاتٌ. b3: And Singular, as distinguished from dual and plural. b4: And مُفْرَادَاتُ الطِّبِّ The simples of medicine; medicinal simples.] b5: and مُفْرَدٌ signifies also A wild bull. (L. [See, again, فَرْدٌ, near the end.]) مُفْرِدٌ A female, (S, L,) a pregnant female, (A,) or a ewe or she-goat, (M,) or a woman, (K,) bringing forth one only: (S, M, A, L, K:) like مُوحِدٌ and مُفِذٌّ: (S, L:) opposed to مُتْئِمٌ. (A.) [See its verb, 4.]

ذَهَبَ مُفَرَّدٌ Pieces of gold (in a necklace, A) divided, one from another, by فَرِيد [q. v.], (M, A, L, K,) i. e., by pearls. (A.) مُفَرِّدٌ A rider having no other with him: (A:) or a rider having only his camel with him. (K.) b2: طُوبَى لِلْمُفَرِّدِينَ, occurring in a trad., (L,) means Good betide those who apply themselves to the study of practical religion, or the law, and withdraw from [the rest of] mankind, and attend only to the observance of the commands and prohibitions [of religion]: (IAar, T, * L, K, TA:) and (K, TA) it is also said to mean (TA) those who are devoted to the commemoration of the praises of God: (K, TA:) or, as expl. by the Prophet himself, those men and women who commemorate the praises of God much, or frequently: (TA:) also, (K,) or, as KT says in explaining the trad., (TA,) [and as his words are cited in the T,] those whose contemporaries in birth, (K, TA,) and the generation among which they were, (TA,) have perished, or died, while they themselves have remained, (K, TA,) commemorating the praises of God: but Az holds the explanation of IAar to be more correct than this of KT. (TA.) مِفْرَادٌ: see فَرْدٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

المَفَارِيدٌ as a conventional term in lexicology signifies What have been uttered by only one of the Arabs: differing from الأَفْرَادُ, which signifies what have been transmitted from the Arabs by only one of the leading lexicologists. (Mz, 15th نوع.)

عرب

1 عَرُبَ لِسَانُهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرُوبَةٌ, His tongue [or speech] was, or became, Arabic, (S, O,) or chaste Arabic. (Msb.) b2: See also 4, first sentence, in three places.

A2: عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَبٌ, He (a man) became disordered in the stomach by indigestion. (TA.) And عَرِبَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ, inf. n. as above, His stomach became in a corrupt, or disordered, state, (S, O, Msb, K,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel's hump, (O, TA,) It became swollen and purulent. (O, K, TA.) b3: And, said of a wound, (S, O, K, TA,) It became corrupt: (TA:) or it broke open again; or became recrudescent: (S, O:) or it had a scar remaining after it had healed. (K.) b4: Said of a river, It abounded with water. (K.) and عَرِبَتِ البِئْرُ The well contained much water; or its water became abundant. (K.) b5: And, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَبٌ (O, * K, * TA) and عَرَابَةٌ, said of a man, (TA,) He was, or became, brisk, lively, or sprightly. (K, TA.) A3: عَرَبَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَرْبٌ, (TK,) He ate (O, K) food. (TK.) 2 عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (S,) He (an Arab) arabicized a foreign word; spoke it, or pronounced it, agreeably with the ways of Arabic speech; (S;) as also ↓ اعرب, (S, O, *) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) b2: And He taught another the Arabic language. (TA, from a trad.) b3: See also 4, in fourteen places. b4: The inf. n. signifies also The showing, or declaring, one's saying, (K, TA,) and one's deed, (TA,) to be bad, evil, abominable, or foul. (K, TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He showed him, or declared to him, that his saying, and his deed, was bad, &c.; and upbraided him for it. (TA.) And فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا عَرَّبَ عَلَىَّ أَحَدٌ I did so and so, and no one upbraided me; or charged me with having acted disgracefully. (Az, TA.) And عرّب عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, (S, O,) and قَوْلَهُ, (TA,) He showed him, or declared to him, that his deed was bad, evil, abominable, or foul, (S, O,) and so his saying. (TA.) تَعْرِيبٌ is The saying to a man who has uttered what is foul, or erroneous, “It is not so, but so; ” telling him what is more correct. (Sh, TA.) And The replaying against a speaker; (K, TA;) and so ↓ إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He replied against him, denying or disallowing or disapproving what he said: (S:) or he prevented, hindered, or forbade, him: or he did so, and denied or disallowed or disapproved [what he said or did]. (TA.) [See what next follows.] b5: Also The treating medically, to remove his disease, one whose stomach is in a corrupt, or disordered, state. (O, K. [In both, التَّعْرِيبُ is expl. as meaning تَمْرِيضُ العَرِبِ i. e. الذَّرِبِ المَعِدَةِ. Freytag has strangely rendered the verb as signifying “ ægrotum reddidit aliquem stomachi corruptio. ”]) Az says that التَّعْرِيبُ followed by عَلَى and having for its object him who says what is disapproved may be from this. (TA.) b6: Also The lopping a palm-tree; or pruning it by cutting off some of its branches. (S, O, K. *) b7: And The scarifying a horse or similar beast in the parts of the skin next the hoofs and then cauterizing those parts: (K, TA:) or the cauterizing a horse in several places in those parts, and then gently scarifying them without producing any effect upon the sinews, or tendons, (Az, O, TA,) in order to strengthen the parts, (Az, TA,) or in order that the hair may become strong: (O:) or عرّب الفَرَسَ signifies he made an incision in the bottom of the horse's hoof; and the verb implies that, by this operation, what was concealed becomes apparent to the eye, so that one knows the state of the hoof, whether it be hard or soft, sound or diseased. (L, TA. See also 1 in art. بزغ.) A2: Also, the inf. n., The getting, or procuring for oneself, an Arabian horse. (TA. [See also 4, near the end.]) b2: And The taking, or making, for oneself, an Arabian bow. (O, K.) A3: Also the drinking much clear, or limpid, water, (O, K,) which is termed عَرِب. (O.) A4: عرّب البَقَرَةَ, (K,) or ↓ أَعْرَبَهَا, (O,) He rendered the cow desirous [of copulation]; said of a bull. (O, K.) A5: And عرّب, (Fr, Mgh, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; (Fr, O, K;) and ↓ اعرب, (Fr, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; (Fr, Mgh, K;) and ↓ عَرْبَنَ; (O, and S and K in art. عربن;) He gave what is termed an عُرْبُون (O, Msb, K) or عُرْبَان (Fr, Mgh) [i. e. an earnest], فِى كَذَا [in the case of such a thing], (O,) or فِى بَيْعِهِ [in the case of his purchase]. (Msb.) One says, ↓ أَعْرَبُوا فِى الدَّارِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ They paid in advance, as an earnest, in the case of the house, four hundred [dirhems]. (L, TA.) It is related in a trad. that ↓ الإِعْرَاب in buying and selling is forbidden: (Mgh, O, TA:) this is said by Sh to mean A man's saying to another, If I do not purchase this for so much, thou shalt have such and such of my property. (O, TA.) 3 عَاْرَبَ [The following ex. is given of the inf. n. of this verb.] One says, مَا أُوتِىَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُعَارَبَةِ النِّسَآءِ مَا أُوتِىَ فُلَانٌ, (O,) or مَا أُوتِيتُهُ أَنَا, (TA,) meaning, (O, TA,) app., (TA,) [No one has been given what such a one has been given, or what I have been given, of] the means of coïtus [with women]. (O, TA.) 4 اعرب, (Az, Msb, TA,) [for اعرب الكَلَامَ, like افصح for افصح الكَلَامَ,] inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (A, K,) He spoke clearly, plainly, distinctly, or intel-ligibly, (Az, A, Msb, K, * TA,) in Arabic; (Msb;) as also ↓ تعرّب, and ↓ استعرب; said of a foreigner, or one [previously] not clear, plain, distinct, or intelligible, in speech: (Az, Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرْبٌ and عُرُوبٌ, accord. to Th, and عُرْبَةٌ and عِرَابَةٌ [which accord. to general analogy would be عَرَابَةٌ] and عُرُوبِيَّةٌ; (TA;) or ↓ عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) [likewise] signifies he spoke clearly, plainly, or distinctly, after being barbarous, or vitious, in speech: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ he spoke without incorrectness; (Msb;) and [so اعرب, for] إِعْرَابٌ signifies the committing no error in speech: (K, TA:) and the expressing of meanings clearly, plainly, distinctly, or perspicuously, by words. (TA.) [↓ عرّب, also, has a similar meaning:] it is said in a trad., أَنْ ↓ كَانُوا يَسْتَحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُلَقِّنُوا الصَّبِىَّ حِينَ يُعَرِّبُ يَقُولَ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ (O, TA) i. e. [They used to like teaching the boy,] when he spoke distinctly, or articulately, [to say “ There is no deity but God ” seven times.] (TA.) And one says, اعرب الكَلَامَ, and اعرب بِهِ, meaning He made the speech [that he spoke] clear, plain, distinct, or perspicuous. (TA.) And اعرب بِحُجَّتِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, his argument, plea, allegation, or the like, without fearing any one. (S, O.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الشَّىْءَ and اعربت عَنْهُ, and ↓ عَرَّبْتُهُ and عرّبت عَنْهُ, which last, accord. to Fr, is better than عرّبتهُ and اعربتهُ, I made the thing clear, plain, distinct, or manifest. (Msb.) And اعرب عَمَّا فِى ضَمِيرِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, what was in his mind. (TA.) And اعرب عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ, and ↓ عرّب عنه, His tongue made clear, or plain, or spoke clearly, or plainly, for him: and عَمَّا فِى ↓ يُعَرِّبُ قَلْبِهِ لِسَانُهُ His tongue tells plainly, or declares, what is in his heart. (Az, TA.) It is said in a trad., الثَّيِّبُ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا, (S,) or الأَيِّمُ, and ↓ تُعَرِّبُ, accord. to different relaters, but some say the former only, (Msb,) i. e. [She who has become a widow, or been divorced, &c., or she who has no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or not being a virgin,] shall speak out plainly for herself [when demanded in marriage]: (S, Msb:) or الثَّيِّبُ يُعْرِبُ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا, so accord. to IKt, (O,) or عنها ↓ يُعَرِّبُ, (Mgh, O,) so accord. to A 'Obeyd, but, as IAmb says, both are dial. vars. of which neither is preferable to the other; and the meaning is [she who has become a widow, &c., her tongue] shall declare for her. (O.) One says also, اعرب عَنِ الرَّجُلِ He spoke out, or explained, for the man. (TA.) And عَنِ القَوْمِ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ I spoke for the people, or party; (Fr, S, Mgh, * O, K;) and pleaded for them; (Fr, Mgh, * TA;) as also أَعْرَبْتُ; but the former in this sense is better known. (Mgh.) And اعرب عَنْهُ, and عنه ↓ عرّب, He pleaded his cause. (TA.) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ ↓ عرّب He spoke and pleaded for the object of his want. (A.) b2: اعرب also signifies He was, or became, chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech; although not an Arab. (Msb.) And لَهُ الكَلَامَ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ, inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; as also أَعْرَبْتُ له, inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; I made the speech [that I spoke] clear, or plain, to him, so that there was in it no barbarousness. (TA.) And مَنْطِقَهُ ↓ عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (K,) He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness. (S, O, K.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الحَرْفَ I made the حرف [i. e. word] clear, or plain: or the ا in this case denotes privation, and the meaning is (assumed tropical:) I removed its عرب, [app. ↓ عَرَب, from this word as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.,] i. e. vagueness. (Msb.) And اعرب كَلَامَهُ He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness, in [what is termed] الإِعْرَاب [here meaning what grammarians generally intend thereby, namely, desinential syntax, or the science of the various inflections of words, literal or virtual, by reason of the various governing words]. (S, O.) [اعرب is also used by grammarians as meaning He declined a word; and أُعْرِبَ as meaning It was declined, or declinable; in these senses opposed to بَنَى and بُنِىَ, inf. n. بِنَآءٌ: and the former also as meaning He analyzed grammatically, or parsed, a sentence: and the inf. n. of the verb (act. and pass.) in these senses is إِعْرَابٌ.] b3: See also 2, first sentence: b4: and again in the first third part of the paragraph. b5: إِعْرَابٌ also signifies The making [a person] to revert from, or relinquish, foul speech; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And The speaking foul, or obscene, language; as also ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ, and ↓ اِسْتِعْرَابٌ: (O, K:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K, TA.) One says of a man, اعرب [&c.], (S, O,) or اعرب فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) He spoke foul, or obscene, language. (S, O, Msb.) [Golius and Freytag have assigned this meaning to ↓ تعرّب also: the latter of them as from the S and K; in neither of which do I find it.] b7: And The act of copulating: or the speaking of that act in an oblique, or indirect, manner. (K.) A2: and اعرب, (S, O,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (K,) He had a child born to him of Arabian complexion, or colour. (S, O, K.) b2: And He possessed, or acquired, or sought to acquire, horses, or camels, of pure Arabian race. (TA. [See also 2, in the middle of the latter half; and see مُعْرِبٌ.]) b3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies One's knowing a horse of pure Arabian race from one of mean race by his neighing. (K.) And A horse's being known by his neighing to be of pure Arabian race, free from any admixture of other than Arabian blood: (K, TA:) [or his making himself to be known as such by his neighing; for] اعرب means he (a horse) neighed, and was consequently known to be of Arabian race. (A.) b4: And The making a horse to run. (K.) Accord. to Fr, one says, اعرب عَلَى فَرَسِهِ, meaning He made his horse to run: but he adds that some say اغرب. (O.) A3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies The taking as one's wife a woman such as is termed عَرُوبٌ [q. v.]. (K.) A4: اعرب سَقْىُ القَوْمِ meansThe people's watering [of their camels], having been at one time on alternate days, and another time on the fourth day after that of the next preceding watering, then became, and continued to be, of one uniform way. (S, O.) A5: See also 2, last four sentences.5 تعرّب He assimilated himself to the Arabs. (S.) He (a man not of genuine Arabian descent) introduced himself among the Arabs, and spoke their language, and imitated their manner or appearance; [he became a naturalized, or an insitious, Arab; (see العَرَبُ;)] as also ↓ استعرب. (Az, TA.) b2: He became an Arab of the desert; (S, Mgh;) he returned to the desert, (Az, Mgh, TA,) after he had been dwelling in a region of cities or towns or villages and of cultivated land, and joined himself to the Arabs of the desert. (Az, TA.) Hence, تعرّب بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ He became an Arab of the desert [after his flight, or emigration, for the sake of El-Islám], (S, Mgh,) returning to the desert. (Mgh.) b3: He dwelt, or abode, in the desert. (O, K.) b4: See also 4, first sentence. b5: تَعَرَّبَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا She acted in an amorous manner, or with amorous dalliance, and mani-fested love, to her husband. (A, TA.) b6: Respecting a meaning assigned to تعرّب by Golius and Freytag, see 4, latter half.10 استعرب: see 5: b2: see also 4, first sentence: b3: and the same again in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: استعرب جَرَبًا, said of a camel, He was affected with mange, or scab, which began in his armpits and groins or similar parts, and his lips, and appeared upon the general extent of his skin. (O.) b2: And استعربت, said of a cow, She desired the bull. (O, K.) Q. Q. 1 عَرْبَنَ: see 2, near the end.

عَرْبٌ is syn. with إِعْرَابٌ in the sense of إِفْصَاحٌ [but app. as a subst. (not an inf. n.) meaning Clear, plain, or distinct, speech]. (TA.) b2: and syn. with عِرَابَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) b3: And syn. with عَرَبٌ as [inf. n. of عَرِبَ, and] meaning نَشَاطٌ [i. e. Briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]. (O, K.) العُرْبُ: see العَرَبُ, first sentence.

عِرْبٌ Such as is dried up, of the [species of barley-grass called] بُهْمَى: (S, O, K:) or of any herb, or leguminous plant: n. un. with ة: or عِرْبُ البُهْمَى signifies the prickles of the بُهْمَى. (TA.) العَرَبُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ العُرْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) A certain people, or nation; [the Arabs, or Arabians;] (S, O;) the contr. of العَجَمُ (A, Msb, K, TA) and العُجْمُ; (TA;) the inhabitants of the cities, or large towns, (S, A, O, K,) or of the Arabian cities and towns or villages: (Mgh:) [but now, on the contrary, generally applied to those who dwell in the desert:] or those who have alighted and made their abode in the cultivated regions, and have taken as their homes the Arabian cities and towns or villages, and others also that are related to them: (Az, Msb:) or [accord. to general usage] an appellation of common application [to the whole nation]: (T, K:) [and in the lexicons and lexicological works applied to the desert Arabs of pure speech:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) and العَرَبُ has two pls., namely, العُرُبُ, with two dammehs, and الأَعْرُبُ [which is a pl. of pauc.]: (Msb:) the rel. n. [which serves as a sing.] is ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (S, O, K: [عَرَبٌ عَرَبِىٌّ in the CK is a mistake:]) accord. to Az, (TA,) this appellation is applied to a man of established Arab lineage, even if he be not chaste, or correct, in speech. (Msb, TA.) The dim. of العَرَبُ is ↓ العُرَيْبُ, (S, O,) without ة, (O, TA,) an extr. word [with respect to analogy, as the undiminished noun is fem.]: (TA:) a poet (Abu-l-Hindee, whose name was 'Abd-El-Mu-min, son of 'AbdEl-Kuddoos, O, TA) says, وَمَكْنُ الضِّبَابِ طَعَامُ العُرَيْبِ وَلَا تَشْتَهِيهِ نُفُوسُ العَجَمْ

[And the eggs of dabbs are food of the little Arabs; but the souls of the Foreigners do not desire them]: in which he uses the dim. form to imply respect, or honour, like as it is used in the saying أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ [expl. in art. جذل]. (S, O.) b2: ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ (in which the latter word is used as a corroborative of the former as in لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ, S, O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ (O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ (K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَاتُ (CK [but this I do not find in any other copy of the K]) are appellations of The pure, or genuine Arabs: (S, A, O, K:) or those who spoke the language of Yaarub Ibn-Kahtán; which is the ancient language: (Msb:) and ↓ العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as also ↓ العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ, (S, O, K,) is an appellation of The insititious [or naturalized Arabs]; (K;) those who are not pure, or genuine, Arabs: (S, O:) or those who spoke the language of Ismá'eel [or Ishmael] the son of Ibráheem [or Abraham], i. e., the dialects of El-Hijáz and the parts adjacent thereto: (Msb:) and the appellation of ↓ مُسْتَعْرِبَةٌ is thought by Az to apply [also] to people not of pure Arabian descent, who have introduced themselves among the Arabs, and speak their language, and imitate their manner or appearance. (TA.) [The former division is most reasonably considered as consisting of the extinct tribes ('Ád, Thamood, and others mentioned in what follows); or of these together with the unmixed descendants of Kahtán, whose claims to the appellation of genuine Arabs are held by many to be equally valid: and the latter division, as consisting of those whose origin is referred, through Ma'add and 'Adnán, to Ismá'eel (or Ishmael), whose wife was descended from Kahtán. What I find in the TA, on this subject, is as follows.] The former of these two divisions consisted of nine tribes, descendants of Irem [or Aram] the son of Sám [or Shem] the son of Nooh [or Noah]; namely, 'Ád, Thamood, Umeiyim, 'Abeel, Tasm, Jedees, 'Imleek [or Amalek], Jurhum, and Webári; and from them Ismá'eel [or Ishmael is said to have] learned the Arabic language: and the ↓ مُتَعَرِّبَة are [said to be] the descendants of Ismá'eel, the descendants of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán the son of Udd: so says Abu-l-Khattáb Ibn-Dihyeh, surnamed Dhun-Nesebeyn: or the former division consisted of seven tribes, namely, 'Ád, Thamood, 'Imleek, Tasm, Jedees, Umeiyim, and Jásim; the main portion of whom has become extinct, some remains of them, only, being scattered among the [existing] tribes: so says IDrd: and the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ is also given to the descendants of Yaarub the son of Kahtán [only]. (TA.) [It should be observed, however, that the appellation of ↓ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ is, by those who hold the extinct tribes above mentioned as the only genuine Arabs, applied to the unmixed descendants of Kahtán; and ↓ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, to those who are held to be the descendants of Ismá'eel: thus in the Mz, 1st نوع.

Also, it should be observed that the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبِةُ, in the conventional language of Arabic lexicology, is often applied to the Arabs of the classical ages, and the later Arabs of the desert who retained the pure language of their ancestors, indiscriminately: it is thus applied by writers quoted in the Mz (1st نوع) to all the descendants of Kahtán, and those of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán (through whom all the descendants of Ismá'eel trace their ancestry) who lived before the corruption, among them, of the Arabic language.] b3: ↓ الأَعْرَابُ is the appellation given to Those [Arabs] who dwell in the desert; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) such as go about in search of herbage and water; and Az adds, whether of the Arabs or of their freedmen: he says that it is applied to those who alight and abide in the desert, and are neighbours of the dwellers in the desert, and journey, or migrate, with them, to seek after herbage and water: (Msb:) it is not a pl. of العَرَبُ, not being like الأَنْبَاطُ, which is pl. of النَّبَطُ; (S, O;) but is a [coll.] gen. n.: (S:) الأَعَارِيبُ occurs as its pl. (S, O, K) in chaste poetry: (S:) it has no sing. [properly so termed]: (K:) the rel. n. is ↓ أَعْرَابِىٌّ, (S, O,) which is applied to single person; (Msb;) as also بَدَوِىٌّ: (TA:) Az says, if one say to an أَعْرَابِىّ, يَا عَرَبِىُّ, he is pleased; and if one say to an عَرَبِىّ, يَا أَعْرَابِىُّ, he is angry. (TA.) b4: Authors differ as to the cause why the عَرَب were thus called: some say, because of the perspicuity of their speech, from إِعْرَابٌ: others, that they were so called from Yaarub the son of Kahtán, who is said to have been the first that spoke the Arabic language; his original language having been, as asserted by IDrd, [what the Arabs term] Syriac; though some say that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the Arabic language; and some, that Yaarub was the first that spoke Arabic, and that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the pure Arabic of El-Hijáz, in which the Kur-án was revealed: others say that the عَرَب were so called from العَرَبَةُ, the name of a tract near El-Medeeneh, or a name of Mekkeh and the adjacent region, where Ismá'eel settled, or the same as Tihámeh [as is said in the Mgh, in which this is pronounced to be the most correct derivation], or the general name of the peninsula of Arabia, which is also called العَرَبَاتُ [as is said in the Msb]: but some say that they were so called in like manner as were the فُرْس and the رُوم and the تُرْك and others, not after the name of a land or other than a land, but by the coining of the name, not a term expressive of a quality or a state or condition &c. (TA.) [If the country were called العَرَبَةُ, an inhabitant thereof might be called, agreeably with analogy, عَرَبِىٌّ; and then, the people collectively, العَرَبُ: but I think that the most probable derivation is from the old Hebrew word

עְרֶב, meaning “ a mixed people,”

which the Arabs assert themselves to have been, almost from the first; and in favour of this derivation it may be reasonably urged that the old Himyeritic language agrees more in its vocabulary with the Hebrew and Phœnician than it does with the classical and modern Arabic.]

A2: See also عَرَبَةٌ.

A3: And see عَرِبٌ.

A4: [It also app. signifies (assumed tropical:) Vagueness (considered as an unsoundness) in a word; from the same as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.:] see 4, latter half.

عَرِبٌ [part. n. of عَرِبَ, q. v.: as such signifying] Having the stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state. (O, K.) And مَعِدَةٌ عَرِبَةٌ A stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S, O, TA,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ عَرَبٌ, (O, K,) the former of which is the more common, (TA,) and ↓ عُرْبُبٌ, (O, K,) Abundant water, (O, K,) such as is clear, or limpid. (K.) And نَهْرٌ عَرِبٌ (TA) and ↓ عَارِبٌ and ↓ عَارِبَةٌ (K) A river containing abundance of water. (K, TA.) And بِئْرٌ عَرِبَةٌ A well containing much water. (K.) b3: عَرِبَةٌ applied to a woman: see عَرُوبٌ, in four places. b4: العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ and العَرِبَاتُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter.

عَرْبَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ.

عَرَبَةٌ A river that flows with a vehement, or strong, current. (S, O, K.) A2: And i. q. نَفْسٌ [The soul, mind, or self]. (S, O, K.) [It is thought to occur in a pl. sense, without ة, as a coll. gen. n., in the following sense, quoted in the S immediately after the explanation above.] A poet says, (S,) namely, Ibn-Meiyádeh, (O,) لَمَّا أَتَيْتُكَ أَرْجُو فَضْلَ نَائِلِكُمْ

↓ نَفَحْتَنِى نَفَحَةً طَابَتْ لَهَا العَرَبُ [When I came to thee, hoping for the redundance of your bounty, thou gavest me a gift with which the souls were pleased]: (S, O:) thus related by some, and expl. as meaning طَابَتْ لَهَا النُّفُوسُ: but the [approved] relation is, طَارَتْ بِهَا العَرَبُ [(assumed tropical:) which the Arabs made to fly upon the wings of fame], i. e. حَدَّثَتِ العَرَبُ النَّاسَ بِهَا [meaning (assumed tropical:) of which the Arabs talked to the people]. (O.) A3: Also sing. of عَرَبَاتٌ (TA) which is the name of Certain stationary vessels that used to be in the Tigris. (K, TA.) b2: [As meaning A wheel-carriage of any kind (which is commonly called in Egypt عَرَبِيَّة) it is post-classical.]

العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter: and see عَرْبَانُ.

عُرْبُبٌ: see عَرِبٌ.

عَرَبِىٌّ; and العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter. b2: لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِيًّا, (Mgh, O, K, TA,) in a trad., or, as some relate it, ↓ العَرَبِيَّةَ, (TA,) means Engrave not on your signets مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ; (Mgh, O, K, TA;) because this was engraved on the Prophet's own signet: (O, TA:) as though he had said, نَبِيًّا عَرَبِيًّا [an Arabian prophet]; meaning himself. (O, K, TA.) Omar said, ↓ لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمُ العَرَبِيَّةَ [Engrave not on your signets Arabic]: and Ibn-'Omar disapproved of engraving on a signet words from the Kur-án. (Mgh, * O, TA.) [عَرَبِىُّ الوَجْهِ often occurs in post-classical works as meaning Having an Arab face; i. e. long-faced; opposed to تُرْكِىُّ الوَجْهِ.] b3: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A white barley, the ears of which are bifurcate [so I render, agreeably with the TK, سُنْبُلُهُ حَرْفَانِ]: (K, TA:) it is wide, and its grain is large, larger than the grain of the barley of El-'Irak, and it is the best of barley. (TA.) العَرَبِيَّةُ The Arabic language; (S, TA;) the language of the Kur-án. (Msb.) Katádeh says that the tribe of Kureysh used to cull, or select, what was most excellent in the dialects of the Arabs, [in the doing of which they were aided by the confluence of pilgrims from all parts of the country,] so that their dialect became the most excellent of all, and the Kur-án was therefore revealed in that dialect. (TA.) See also عَرَبِىٌّ, in two places. b2: And see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرْبَانُ [written in the TA without any syll. signs, but it is app. thus, fem. عَرْبَآءُ (like حَيْرَآءُ fem. of حَيْرَانُ), whence, probably, the appellation ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ,] A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech: so in the Towsheeh. (TA.) [See also عَرِيبٌ.]

عُرْبَانٌ and عُرُبَّانٌ: see what next follows.

عَرَبُونٌ and عُرْبُونٌ and ↓ عُرْبَانٌ (Mgh, * O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُبَّانٌ, mentioned on the authority of Ibn-Es-Seed, as of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and عَرْبُونٌ, mentioned by AHei, but this last is a vulgar word, and is disallowed by Lb; (TA;) as also أَرَبُونٌ and أُرْبُونٌ and أُرْبَانٌ; (Mgh, * Msb, K;) [An earnest, or earnest-money;] a portion of the price, whereby a bargain is ratified; (K, TA;) a thing that is paid by the purchaser of a commodity, (Mgh, O, Msb,) or by the hirer of a thing, (Msb,) on the condition that if the sale (Mgh, O, Msb) or hire (Msb) have effect, it shall be reckoned as part of the price, and otherwise shall not be reclaimed; (Mgh, O, Msb;) called by the vulgar رَبُون: (O:) it is forbidden in a trad., (Mgh, O, TA,) and by most of the lawyers, but allowed by some: (TA:) عربون is said by As to be a foreign word arabicized, (Msb,) and so say many authors; though it is said by some of the expositors of the Fs to be from التَّعْرِيبُ signifying “ the making clear, plain,” &c.; اربون being also derived from أُرْبَةٌ signifying “ a knot: ” (TA:) and [it is said that] the ن in عربون and عربان may be augmentative or radical, because one says أَعْرَبَ فِى كَذَا and عَرْبَنَ. (O.) b2: [Hence,] أَلْقَى عَرَبُونَهُ (assumed tropical:) He ejected his excrement, or ordure. (O, K, TA.) عِرْبِيَآءُ: see عَرُوبَآءُ.

عَرَابٌ The fruit of the species of tree called خَزَم [q. v.], of the bark of which [tree] ropes are made: (O, K, TA:) [beads which are used in prayer are made thereof, (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees,) i. e., of the berries thus called, and] it [the fruit] is eaten by the apes, or monkeys, and sometimes, in a case of hunger, by men: n. un. with ة. (O, TA.) خَيْلٌ عِرَابٌ Horses of pure Arabian race; (Mgh, K;) opposed to بَرَاذِينُ; (S, O, Msb;) also termed ↓ أَعْرُبٌ and ↓ مُعْرِبَةٌ, (K,) which last [erroneously written in the CK مَعْرِبَةٌ] is fem. of مُعْرِبٌ, signifying a horse having no strain of admixture of other than Arabian blood: (Ks, S, O:) one of such horses is [also] termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (Mgh, Msb:) by the pl. عِرَابٌ, they distinguish beasts from human beings. (Mgh.) b2: And إِبِلٌ عِرَابٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ أَعْرُبٌ (TA) Camels of pure Arabian race: (K;) opposed to بَخَاتِىٌّ. (S, O, Msb.) b3: And بَقَرٌ عِرَابٌ A goodly sort of oxen, of generous race, with short and fine hair, smooth, or sleek, (Msb,) having even backs, and thick hoofs and hides: one of which is termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA voce دَرَبَانِيَّةٌ.) عَرُوبٌ A woman who manifests love to her husband; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) and is obedient to him; (IAar, TA;) as also ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ: (TA:) and (so in the O and TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman disobedient to her husband; (IAar, O, K, TA;) unfaithful to him by unchastity; corrupt in her mind: (IAar, O, TA:) as though having two contr. meanings; [the latter meaning] from عَرْب [a mistranscription for عَرَب] signifying

“ corruptness ” of the stomach: (O:) or who loves him passionately, or excessively: or who manifests love to him, evincing passionate, or excessive, desire: [lit., evincing that; meaning what is expressed by the words immediately preceding it; for otherwise this last explanation would be the same as the first; and as I have rendered it, it is nearly the same as an explanation in the Expos. of the Jel (lvi. 36), manifesting love to her husband, by reason of passionate, or excessive, desire:] (K:) and (so in the TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman who is a great laugher: and ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signify the same: (K:) the pl. of the first is عُرُبٌ (S, O, K) and عُرْبٌ; (TA;) and the pl. of ↓ عَرِبَةٌ is عَرِبَاتٌ: (K:) IAth says that ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signifies a woman who is eager for play, or sport: and عُرُبٌ, he adds, is pl. of ↓ عَرِيبٌ, which signifies a woman of goodly person, who manifests love to her husband: and it is also said that عُرُبٌ signifies women who use amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettish boldness, with feigned coyness or opposition: or who make a show of, or act with, lasciviousness: or passionately loving: and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ and عَرُوبٌ, accord. to Lh, signify a woman passionately loving, and lascivious. (TA.) عَرِيبٌ i. q. ↓ مُعْرِبٌ, which means, accord. to Az, A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] مَا بِالدَّارِ عَرِيبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْرِبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) There is not in the house any one: (S, O, K:) used [in this sense] as applying to either sex, but only in a negative phrase. (TA.) b3: See also عَرُوبٌ, latter half.

العُرَيْبُ: see العَرَبُ (of which it is the dim.), second sentence.

عَرَابَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ. b2: Also Coïtus. (TA.) A2: And A bag with which the udder of a sheep, or goat, is covered: pl. عَرَابَاتٌ. (IAar, O, K.) عِرَابَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَرَابَةٌ (O, TA) and ↓ عَرْبَةٌ (O) or ↓ عَرْبٌ (TA) Foul, or obscene, speech or talk; (S, O, K, TA;) like إِعْرَابٌ and تَعْرِيبٌ. (K.) عَرُوبَةٌ: see عَرُوبٌ, in two places.

A2: عَرُوبَةُ (O, K) and العَرُوبَةُ (K) and (O) يَوْمُ العَرُوبَةِ (S, O) Friday; (S, O, K;) and ancient name of that day (S, O, TA) in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) accord. to some, it is most chastely without the article; (TA;) thus it occurs in old poetry of the Time of Ignorance; (O;) and it is thought to be not Arabic; (TA;) and said to be arabicized from the Nabathæan أَرُبَا: (Har p. 340, q. v.:) accord. to others, the article is inseparable from it; and its meaning, accord. to Ibn-En-Nahhás is the manifest and magnified, from أَعْرَبَ “ he made clear, plain,” &c.; or accord. to an authority cited in the R, its meaning is mercy. (TA.) [See art. ابجد.]

عُرُوبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ عُرُوبِيَّةٌ (K) The quality of being Arabian: (S, K, TA:) each [said to be] an inf. n. having no verb. (TA. [But see عَرُبَ at the commencement of this art. and under أَعْرَبَ.]) And ↓ عَرَبِيَّةٌ is used [in the same sense] as denoting the quality of a horse such as is termed عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA.) عَرُوبَآءُ a name of The seventh heaven: (IAth, K, TA:) or, accord. to Sub, it is ↓ عِرْبِيَآءُ, corresponding to جِرْبِيَآءُ, which is a name of “ the seventh earth; ” (TA in this art.;) or these two words are with the article ال. (TA in art. جرب.) عُرُوبِيَّةٌ: see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرَّابٌ One who makes عَرَابَات (pl. of عَرَابَةٌ) i. e. bags to cover the udders of sheep or goats. (IAar, O, K.) عَرَبْرَبٌ i. q. سُمَّاقٌ [i. e. Sumach]. (O, TA.) قِدْرٌ عَرَبْرَبِيَّةٌ i. q. سُمَّاقِيَّةٌ [app. meaning A cooking-pot in which food prepared with sumach is cooked]. (O.) عَارِبٌ and عَارِبَةٌ: see عَرِبٌ. b2: العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, in two places.

أَعْرَبُ More, or most, distinct or plain [&c.]. (TA.) الأَعْرُبُ is a pl. of العَرَبُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

الأَعْرَابُ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

أَعْرَابِىٌّ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

مُعْرِبٌ: see عَرِيبٌ, in two places: b2: and see عِرَابٌ. b3: Also One who has horses of pure Arabian race: (S, O:) one who has with him a horse of such race: and one who possesses, or acquires, or seeks to acquire, horses, or camels, of such race. (TA.) اسْمٌ مُعَرَّبٌ [An arabicized noun;] a noun received by the Arabs from foreigners, indeterminate, [i. e. significant of a meaning, (as is said in the Mz, 19th نوع,)], such as إِبْرِيسَم [meaning “ silk ”], and, if possible, accorded to some one of the forms of Arabic words; otherwise, spoken by them as they received it; and sometimes they derived from it: but if they received it as a proper name, it is not termed مُعَرَّبٌ, but أَعْجَمِىٌّ, like إِبْرَاهِيمُ and إِسْحَاقُ. (Msb.) [مُعَرَّبٌ alone is also used in this sense, as a subst: and as such its pl. is مُعَرَّبَاتٌ: thus in the Mz, ubi suprà; and often in lexicons &c.]

العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ and see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, each in three places.