سرف
1 سَرِفَ,
aor. ـَ
inf. n. سَرَفٌ, He was ignorant: or he was unmindful, negligent, or heedless. (
Msb.) [In these senses it is
trans.: you say,] سَرِفَهُ, (
S,
M,
K,)
aor. ـَ (
K,)
inf. n. سَرَفٌ, (
S, *
M,
K, *) He was unmindful, negligent, or heedless, of it; (
S,
M,
K;) namely, a thing: (
S,
M:) and he was ignorant of it: (
S,
K:) and he missed it; (
S, *
M,
K; * [in the first and third of which, only the
inf. n. of the verb in this sense in mentioned, and
expl. as
syn. with خَطَأٌ;])
syn. أَخْطَأَهُ. (
M.) And طَلَبْتُهُمْ فَسَرِفْتُهُمْ I sought them and missed them: or was ignorant of them. (
Msb.) And سَرِفَ القَوْمَ He passed by the people, or party, and left them behind him. (
M.)
As relates, of an Arab of the desert, with whom some companions of his made an appointment to meet him in a certain place of the mosque, and to whom he broke his promise, that, being asked respecting that, he said, مَرَرْتُ بِكُمْ فَسَرِفْتُكُمْ, meaning [I passed by you and] I was unmindful of you. (
S.) And hence the saying of Jereer, (
S,
TA,) praising the Benoo-Umeiyeh, (
TA,) أَعْطَوْا هُنَيْدَةَ يَحْدُوهَا ثَمَانِيَةٌ مَا فِى عَطَائِهِمُ مِنٌّ وَلَا سَرَفُ meaning [They gave a hundred camels, eight persons driving them, or urging them by singing to them: there was not in their gift reproach for a benefit conferred, nor] unmindfulness: or the meaning is, nor missing (خَطَأٌ); that is, they did not miss the proper place of the gift by their giving it to such as did not deserve it and refusing it to the deserving. (
S,
TA.) You say also, سَرِفْتُ يَمِينَهُ I was unacquainted with, or knew not, his oath. (
TA.)
b2: [سَرَفٌ is also, as
expl. below,
syn. with إِسْرَافٌ, but as a
subst., having no verb properly belonging to it.]
A2: سَرَفَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ, (
ISk,
S,
K,)
aor. ـُ
inf. n. سَرْفٌ, (
ISk,
S,) said of the سُرْفَة [
q. v.], It ate the leaves of the tree: (
ISk,
S,
K:) and سَرَفَتِ الخَشَبَ is likewise said of the سُرْفَة [as meaning it ate the wood]. (
Z,
TA.) And سُرِفَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ, (
ISk,
S,
M,
TA,)
inf. n. سَرْفٌ, (
ISk,) The tree had its leaves eaten by the سُرْفَة: (
S:) or was smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة: (
ISk,
M,
TA:) and سَرِفَ الخَشَبُ [the wood was eaten by the سُرْفَة], the verb in this phrase being quasi-
pass. of the verb in the phrase سَرَفَتِ السُّرْفَةُ الخَشَبّ, like as حَطِمَ and صَعِقَ are quasi-passives of the verbs in the phrases حَطَمَتْهُ السِّنُّ and صَعَقَتْهُ السَّمَآءُ: (
Z,
TA:) and [hence] one says also, سَرِفَ الطَّعَامُ (
tropical:) The wheat, or food, was, or became, cankered, or eaten away; as though smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة. (
M,
TA.)
b2: [Hence also,] سُرِفَتْ أُذُنُ الشَّاةِ (
tropical:) The ear of the sheep, or goat, was entirely cut off. (
A,
TA.)
b3: And سَرَفَتْ وَلَدَهَا (
tropical:) She (a mother) injured her child by too much milk. (
A,
K, *
TA.) 4 اسرف, (
Msb,)
inf. n. إِسْرَافٌ, (
M,
Msb,) He exceeded, or transgressed, the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; acted extravagantly, exorbitantly, or immoderately: (
M,
Msb:) or إِسْرَافٌ signifies the being extravagant in expenditure,
syn. تَبْذِيرٌ; (
K) or so إِسْرَافٌ فِى النَّفَقَةِ: (
S,
TA:) or, as some say, تبذير means the “ exceeding in respect of the right objects of expenditure,” which is ignorance of the [right] manner, and of things that should prevent it; and اسراف means the exceeding with respect to quantity [in expenditure], and is ignorance of the values of the right objects: (
MF in art. بذر:) or the latter signifies the expending otherwise than in obedience of God, (Sufyán,
K, *
TA,) whether little or much; (
TA;) as also ↓ سَرَفٌ: (
M,
TA:) it is also said to mean the eating that which it is not lawful to eat; and this is said to be meant in the
Kur vi. 142 or vii. 29: and the putting a thing in a wrong place [as when one expends his money upon a wrong object]: and
accord. to Iyás Ibn-Mo'áwiyeh, الإِسْرَافُ is that [action] whereby one falls short of what is due to God. (
TA.) You say also, اسرف فِى مَالِهِ, meaning He was hasty in respect of his property, [i. e. in expending it,] without pursuing the just course, or keeping within due bounds. (
M.) And اسرف فِى الكَلَامِ and فِى القَتْلِ He exceeded the due bounds, or just limits, in speech, and in slaying. (
M.) الإِسْرَافُ فِى القَتْلِ, which is forbidden in the
Kur xvii. 35, is said to mean The slaying of another than the slayer of one's companion: (
Zj,
M,
Mgh: *) or the slaying the slayer without the authority of the Sultán: or the not being content with slaying one, but slaying a number of persons, because of the high rank of the slain and the low condition of the slayer: or the slaying one higher in rank than the slayer: (
Zj,
M:) or the slaying two when the slayer is one: or the maining or mutilating [before slaughter]. (
Mgh.) إِسْرَافٌ also signifies The committing of many faults, offences, or crimes, and sins. (
TA.) and you say, أَكَلَهُ إِسْرَافًا (
TA) and ↓ سَرَفًا, (
M,
TA,) meaning He ate it hastily. (
M,
TA.) 5 تسرّف He sucked: and ate, gnawed, or devoured. (
KL. [
App. from سُرْفَةٌ,
q. v. See also سَرَفَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ, &c., in the latter half of the first paragraph.]) سَرَفْ
inf. n. of سَرِفَ [
q. v.]. (
S, *
M,
Msb,
K. *)
b2: And also a
subst. from أَسْرَفَ; (
Msb;)
i. q. إِسْرَافٌ; (
M;) signifying Excess, or transgression, of the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; extravagant, exorbitant, or immoderate, action or conduct; (
M,
Msb,
TA;)
contr. of قَصْدٌ. (
S,
K.) See also 4, in two places.
b3: [Hence,] (
tropical:) The overflowing of water from the sides of a watering-trough, or tank; as in the saying, ذَهَبَ مَآءُ الحَوْضِ سَرَفًا (
tropical:) The water of the watering-trough, or tank, [went away running to waste, or] overflowed from its sides: (
K,
TA:) or سَرَفُ المَآءِ means (assumed
tropical:) what goes, of water, without irrigating and without profit: [or rather its going for nought:] you say, أَرْوَتِ البِئْرُ النَّخِيلَ وَذَهَبَ بَقِيَّةُ المَآءِ سَرَفًا (assumed
tropical:) [The well irrigated the palmtrees, and the rest of the water went for nought, in waste]. (
Sh,
TA.)
b4: And Addictedness (ضَرَاوَةٌ,
S,
K, or لَهَجٌ
M) to a thing, (
M,) or in respect of wine. (
K,
TA.) It is said in a
trad. (
S,
M) of 'Áïsheh, (
TA,) إِنَّ لِلَّحْمِ سَرَفًا كَسَرَفِ الخَمْرِ [Verily there is an addictedness to flesh-meat like the addictedness to wine]: (
S,
M,
TA:) i. e. he who is accustomed to it is addicted to the eating thereof, like as he who is constantly drinking wine is addicted thereto, having little selfrestraint therefrom: or the meaning here is unmindfulness [of consequences with respect to flesh-meat &c.]: or corruptness of conduct, arising from hardness of heart, and daringness to disobey, and self-impulsion to the gratification of appetite: (
TA:) or it may be [that the meaning is, there is an extravagance with respect to flesh-meat &c.,] from الإِسْرَافُ (
S,
TA) in expenditure for that which is not needed, or otherwise than in obedience [to the law of God]. (
TA.)
b5: It is also said in a
trad., لَا يَنْتَهِبُ الرَّجُلُ نُهْبَةً ذَاتَ سَرَفٍ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ, meaning, ذَاتَ شَرَفٍ وَقَدْرٍ كَبِيرٍ
[i. e. The man shall not take a thing as spoil that is of high and great estimation, he being a believer]: (
K,
TA:) [for] people disapprove of that: (
TA:) and it is also related with ش [i. e.
ذات شَرَفٍ]. (
K.) سَرِفٌ Ignorant; (
IAar,
M,
Msb,
TA;) as also ↓ مُسْرِفٌ: (
IAar,
TA:) or unmindful, negligent, or heedless. (
Msb.) And رَجُلٌ سَرِفٌ الفُؤَادِ (
tropical:) A man missing, or mistaking, in heart, or mind; negligent, or heedless, therein. (
S,
K,
TA.) and رَجُلٌ سَرِفُ العَقْلِ (assumed
tropical:) A man having little intellect, or intelligence: or (
tropical:) corrupt in intellect;
accord. to
Z, from سَرَفَتِ السُّرْفَةُ الخَشَبَ, of which the quasipass. is سَرِفَ [
q. v.; meaning that it is from سَرِفٌ as a part.
n. of this latter verb]. (
TA.)
b2: أَرْضٌ سَرِفَةٌ, (
S,
M,
K,) and وَادٍ سَرِفٌ, (
M,
TA,) A land, and a valley, abounding with the [worm, or caterpillar, or small creeping thing, called] سُرْفَة. (
S,
M, *
K,
TA.) سُرُفٌ A certain white thing [or substance] resembling the web of the silkworm. (Ibn-'Abbád,
O,
K.) سُرْفَةٌ [A certain worm, or caterpillar, or small creeping thing;] a small creeping thing that makes for itself a habitation, (
S,
K,) four-sided, or square, (
S,) of fragments of wood, (
S,
K,) joining them together by means of its spittle, in the form of a نَاؤُوس [here meaning coffin], (
S,) which it then enters, and [therein it] dies: (
S,
K:) or the silkworm: or a certain small creeping thing, dust-coloured, that constructs a beautiful habitation in which it is: or a very small creeping thing, like the half of a lentil, that bores a tree, and then constructs therein a habitation of pieces of wood, which it conjoins by means of what resembles the web of the spider: or a very small dust-coloured creeping thing, that comes to a piece of wood and excavates it, and then brings a bit of wood and puts it therein, then another, then another, and then weaves what resembles the web of the spider: or,
accord. to
AHn, a certain small creeping thing, like the worm, inclining in some degree to blackness, found upon the [plants called] حَمْض, that constructs a four-sided, or square, habitation, of pieces of wood, joining the extremities of these together by means of a thing [or substance] resembling the web of the spider: or the worm [or caterpillar] that weaves [a web] upon certain trees, and eats their leaves, and destroys the rest thereof by that weaving: or a certain worm [or caterpillar] like the finger, hairy, speckled with black or white, that eats the leaves of trees so as to make them bare: or a certain worm [or caterpillar] that weaves upon itself, of the size of the finger in length, a thing like the قِرْطَاس [or roll, or scroll, of paper], which it enters, so becoming unattainable: or a certain light, small creeping thing, like a spider: (
M:)
pl. سُرَفٌ. (
TA.) Hence the
prov., أَصْنَعُ مِنْ سُرْفَةٍ [More skilled in fabricating than a سُرْفَة]. (
S,
M,
K.) And one says also, أَخَفُّ مِنْ سُرْفَةٍ [Lighter than a سُرْفَة]. (
M.) سَرَافٌ,
accord. to Freytag, (but he has not named his authority,) The erosion of a tree by wood-fretters (“ teredines,” by which he means سُرَف,
pl. of سُرْفَةٌ).]
سَرُوفٌ Hard, severe, or difficult; great, momentous, or formidable: (
O,
K,
TA:) an
epithet applied to a day. (
O,
TA.) سَرِيفٌ A row of grape-vines. (
O,
K.) سَرَافِيلُ: see إِسْرَافِيلُ, below.
أُسْرُفٌ
i. q. آنُكٌ [i. e. Lead, or black lead, or tin, or pewter]; (
O,
K;) of
Pers\. origin, (
O,) arabicized, from سُرُبْ, (
O,
L,
K,) or أُسْرُبْ. (
CK.) [See also أُسْرُبٌ.]
إِسْرَافِيلُ, (
S,
M,
O,
K,) and El-Kanánee used to say ↓ سَرَافِيلُ, the name of A certain angel; (
M; [in which it is mentioned among quadriliteral-radical words; but it is there said that the إ may be radical;]) the angel who is to blow the horn on the day of resurrection: (
Jel in vi. 73, &c.:) [see رُوحَانِىٌّ:] a foreign word (
S,
O,
K) prefixed, (
K,) or as though prefixed, (
S,
O,) to إِيلُ: (
S,
O,
K:) and إِسْرَافِينُ is a
dial. var. of the same; (
Kh,
S,
M,
O,
K;) like as they said جَبْرِينُ and إِسْمَاعِينُ and إِسْرَائِينُ. (
Akh,
S, O.) مُسْرِفٌ [Exceeding, or transgressing, the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; acting extravagantly, &c.: see its verb (4)].
b2: See also سَرِفٌ.
b3: [Also] Denying, or disacknowledging, the favours, or benefits, or the unity, and the prophets and law, of God; a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel: it is said to be used in this sense in the
Kur xl. 36. (
TA.) مَسْرُوفٌ Eaten by the سُرْفَة [
q. v.]. (
TA.) and شَجَرَةٌ مَسْرُوفَةٌ A tree of which the leaves have been eaten by the سُرْفَة; (
S;) or smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة. (
ISk,
TA.)
b2: شَاةٌ مَسْرُوفَةٌ (
tropical:) A sheep, or goat, that has had its ear entirely cut off. (
M, A.) سرفل and سرفن سَرَافِيلُ and إِسْرَافِيلُ and إِسْرَافِينُ: see the next preceding art. سرق.
1 سَرَقَ مِنْهُ مَالًا, (
S,
Mgh,
O,
Msb,) or الشَّىْءَ, (
K,) and سَرَقَهُ مَالًا, (
S,
Mgh,
O,
Msb,) thus also they sometimes said, (
S,
O,) the
prep. being suppressed for the sake of alleviation, but meant to be understood, (
Ham p. 155,)
aor. ـِ
inf. n. سَرَقٌ (
S,
Mgh,
O,
Msb,
K) and سَرِقٌ and سَرَقَةٌ (
Mgh,
K) and سَرِقَةٌ and سَرْقٌ, (
K,) He stole from him property, [or the thing,] i. e. he took it [from him] secretly, and by artifice; (
Mgh;) or he came clandestinely to a place of custody, and took what belonged to him, namely, another person; (
O,
K;) as also ↓ استرقهُ [followed by مِنْهُ]. (
IAar,
K.) And سَرَقَهُمْ [alone, He stole from them; or robbed them]. (
JK and
K in art. بوق.) It is said in a
prov., سُرِقَ السَّارِقُ فَانْتَحَرَ (
S, O) The thief was robbed, and in consequence slew himself: applied to him who has a thing not belonging to him taken from him, and whose impatience consequently becomes excessive. (
Meyd, * O.) And ↓ سرّقهُ,
inf. n. تَسْرِيقٌ signifies the same as سَرَقَهُ: El-Farezdak says, لَا تَحْسِبَنَّ دَرَاهِمًا سَرَّقْتَهَا تَمْحُو مَخَازِيكَ الَّتِى بِعُمَانِ [By no means reckon thou that dirhems which thou stolest will efface thy disgraceful practices that were committed in 'Omán]. (
IB,
TA.) And you say in selling a slave, بَرِئْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الإِبَاقِ وَالسَّرَقِ [I am irresponsible to thee for running away and stealing]. (
TA.)
b2: One says also, سَرَقَ السَّمْعَ, meaning استرقهُ . (
Msb. See 3.)
b3: And سُرِقَ صَوْتُهُ [
lit. His voice was stolen], meaning (
tropical:) he became hoarse. (
Z,
TA.)
b4: And سرقت يا قوم [
app. سُرِقْتُ يَا قَوْمِ,
expl. as meaning سرقت عرضى, which I think a mistranscription for سُرِقْتُ عِرْضِى, i. e. (assumed
tropical:) I have been robbed of my honour, or reputation, O my people]. (
TA.)
b5: And سَرَقْنَا لَيْلَةً مِنَ الشَّهْرِ (assumed
tropical:) We passed pleasantly, or with enjoyment, a night of the month. (
TA.)
b6: And سَرَقَتْنِى عَيْنِى (
tropical:) My eye overcame me. (
TA.)
A2: سَرِقَ,
aor. ـَ (
Yoo,
IDrd,
K,)
inf. n. سَرَقٌ, (
TK,) said of a thing, (
Yoo,
IDrd,)
i. q. خَفِىَ [It was, or became, unperceived, or imperceptible, or hardly perceived or perceptible, &c.]. (
Yoo,
IDrd,
K.)
b2: And سَرِقَتْ مَفَاصِلُهُ,
aor. as above, (
IDrd,
K,) and so the
inf. n., (
TA,) His joints became weak, or feeble; (
IDrd,
K;) as also ↓
انسرقــت. (
K.) 2 سرّقهُ: see 1.
b2: Also, (
S,)
inf. n. تَسْرِيقٌ, (
K,) He attributed to him [or accused him of] theft. (
S.) It is said in the
Kur [xii. 81],
accord. to one reading, إِنَّ ابْنَكَ سُرِّقَ [Verily thy son has been accused of theft]. (
S.) 3 هُوَ يُسَارِقُ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِ (
tropical:) He avails himself of, (
S,
O,) or seeks, (
K,) his inadvertence, to look at him: (
S,
O,
K:) [he takes an opportunity of looking at him by stealth:] and in like manner one uses the phrases النَّظَرِ ↓ اِسْتَراقُ and ↓ تَسَرُّقُهُ [as meaning (
tropical:) the taking an opportunity of looking by stealth]: and ↓ التَّسَرُّقُ [alone] signifies (assumed
tropical:) the taking an opportunity of looking and of hearing: (
TA:) [and the hearing discourse by stealth; as is indicated in the
TA:] and السَّمْعَ ↓ استرق [and استرق alone, as appears from an explanation of the part.
n. مُسْتَرِقٌ, below,] (
tropical:) He listened, (
S,
O,) or heard, (
Msb,) by stealth; (
S,
O,
Msb;) as also السَّمْعَ ↓ سَرَقَ. (
Msb.) 5 تسرّق He stole [by degrees, or] one thing and then another. (
O,
K.) So in the phrase تسرّق شِعْرِى [He stole my poetry, bit by bit], used by Ru-beh. (
O,
TA.)
b2: See also 3, in two places.
7 انسرق He went, drew, or shrank, back, in order to go away, عَنْهُمْ from them. (
K,
TA. [In this and the following sense, the verb is erroneously written in the
CK اَسْرَقَ.])
b2: and He was, or became, languid, and weak, or feeble. (
O,
K,
TA.) See also 1, last sentence.
8 استرق: see 1, first sentence:
b2: and see 3, in two places. [See also كَبِيسٌ.]
b3: Also (
tropical:) He deceived, or circumvented, secretly, [or by stealth,] like him who [so] listens. (
TA.)
b4: And you say, استرق الكَاتِبُ بَعْضَ المُحَاسَبَاتِ (
tropical:) The writer suppressed some of the items of the reckoning. (
TA.)
Q. Q. 1 سَرْقَنَ الأَرْضَ He manured the land with سِرْقِين. (
L in art. سرقن.) سَرَقٌ Oblong pieces (
S,
O,
Msb, *
K) of silk; (
S,
O,
Msb;)
accord. to
A'Obeyd, (
S,
O,) of white silk: (
S,
O,
K:) or silk in general: (
K:) said by
A'Obeyd to be arabicized from the
Pers\.سَرَهْ, meaning “ good: ” (
S, O:)
n. un. with ة; (
S,
O,
Msb;) which is
expl. as meaning a piece of good silk. (
TA.) سَرِقٌ and ↓ سَرِقَةٌ [the former of which is said in the
Mgh and
K, and the latter in the
K, to be an
inf. n., are also said to be] substs. from سَرَقَ, [as such signifying Theft,] as also ↓ سَرْقَةٌ, (
O,
K,) or ↓ سِرْقَةٌ. (
Msb.) سَرْقَةٌ: see what next precedes.
سِرْقَةٌ: see what next precedes.
سَرِقَةٌ: see سَرِقٌ.
b2: Also, (
Msb,) A thing stolen; (
Mgh,
Msb;) and so ↓ سُرَاقَةٌ; [
pl. of the latter سُرَاقَاتٌ;] whence the saying عِنْدَهُ سُرَاقَاتُ الشِّعْرِ [He has stolen things of poetry or verse]. (
TA.) سِرْقِينٌ, (
K, and
S and
Msb in art. سرج,) sometimes written سَرْقِينٌ, (
K,) as also سَرْجِين, (
Msb,
TA,) Dung of horses or other solid-hoofed animals,
syn. رَوْثٌ, and زِبْلٌ, (
Msb,) or fresh dung of camels, sheep and goats, wild oxen, and the like; (
TA in art. ذأر;) a manure for land: (
L:) arabicized from سركين [or سَرْگِينْ], (
Msb,
K,) a
Pers\. word. (
Msb.) [See سِرْجِينٌ, in art. سرج.]
سَرُوقٌ [Thievish; a great thief]; an
epithet applied to a man, and to a dog:
pl. سُرُقٌ. (
TA.) سُرَاقَةٌ: see سَرِقَةٌ.
b2: Also A stealer of poetry or verses. (
TA.) سَرُوقَةٌ [Very thievish; a very great thief]: it has no
pl. (
TA.) سَارِقٌ [Stealing; a thief; or] one who comes clandestinely to a place of custody, and takes what does not belong to him: (
O:)
pl. سَرَقَةٌ and سُرَّاقٌ (
TA) and سُرَّقٌ. (
Mgh.) سُورَقٌ A certain disease in the members, or limbs. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) سَارِقَةٌ
sing. of سَوَارِقُ, which signifies [Collars by means of which the two hands are confined together to the neck, called also] جَوَامِعُ, (
O,
K,
TA,) of iron, attached to fetters or shackles. (
TA.)
b2: And the
pl., سَوَارِقُ, signifies also The adjuncts (زَوَائِد) in the catches (فَرَاش [
q. v.]) of a lock. (Ibn-'Abbád,
O,
K.) مَسْرُوقُ الصَّوْتِ [
lit. Having the voice stolen,] means (
tropical:) hoarse in voice. (
Z,
TA.) And hence, مَسْرُوقُ البُغَامِ (
tropical:) [A young gazelle] having a nasal sound, or twang, in its cry; as though its voice were stolen: a phrase used by El-Aashà. (
TA.) مُسْتَرِقٌ (
tropical:) Listening by stealth, (
K,
TA,) like the thief. (
TA.)
b2: (assumed
tropical:) Defective, weak in make. (Ibn-'Abbád,
O,
K.)
b3: مُسْتَرِقُ القَوْلِ (
tropical:) Weak in speech or saying. (
A,
TA.)
b4: مُسْتَرِقُ العُنُقِ (
tropical:) Short in the neck; (Ibn-'Abbád,
O,
K,
TA;) applied to a man; (Ibn-'Abbád,
O,
TA;) contracted therein. (
A,
TA.) [In the
CK, المُسْرِقُ is erroneously put for المُسْتَرِقُ.]
