الب

1 أَلَبَ, (Th, M, K,) aor. ـِ and اَلُبَ, inf. n. أَلْبٌ, (M,) It (a thing, Th, M) was, or became, collected; or compact; syn. اِجْتَمَعَ; (Th, K;) or تَجَمَّعَ. (M.) b2: أَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ القَوْمُ The people came to him from every direction: (M, K:) or أَلَبَ القَوْمُ [signifies the people multiplied themselves, and hastened; for it] denotes الإِكْثَارُ and الإِسْرَاع: (T in art. ضهب:) and أَلَبَ, (T, K,) aor. as above, (T,) signifies he hastened, or went quickly. (T, K.) b3: أَلَبَتِ الإِبِلُ The camels obeyed the driver, and collected themselves together. (M, K.) [See also 5.] b4: أَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ He returned to him, or it. (K, * TA.) b5: أَلَبَتِ السَّمَآءُ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ (M,) The sky rained with long continuance. (M, K.) A2: أَلَبَ, (S Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. أَلْبٌ, (Msb,) He collected (S Msb, K) an army, (S,) or a people; (Msb;) as also ↓ ألّب, (M,) inf. n. تَأْلِيبٌ: (TA:) and camels also: (TA:) or أَلَبَ الإِبِلَ aor. ـِ (T, * S, M, K) and اَلُبَ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. أَلْبٌ, (T, S,) signifies he collected the camels, and drove them (S, TA) vehemently: (TA:) or he drove them: (T, * K:) or he drove them vehemently. (M.) b2: أَلَبَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K, TA,) also signifies He drove, pursued, chased, or hunted, with vehemence: (K, TA:) and he drove away a people. (Msb.) You say, أَلَبَ الحِمَارُ طَرِيدَتَهُ The [wild] ass chased, or pursued, the object of his chase [i. e. his female, as is shown by MF,] with vehemence; (M, K;) as also ↓ أَلَّبَهَا (K.) 2 اَلَّبَ see 1, in two places. b2: تَأْلِيبٌ also signifies The act of exciting, instigating; or rousing to ardour: (S, K:) and the exciting of discord, or strife, or the making of mischief. (K.) you say, ألّب بَيْنَهُمْ He excited discord or strife, or made mischief, between them. (M.) 5 تألّبوا They collected themselves together. (S, A, Msb.) [See also 1.] You say also, تألّبوا عَلَيْهِ They leagued together, or collected themselves. together, and aided one another, against him. (T.) أَلْبٌ (T, S, Msb) and ↓ إِلْبٌ (S, Msb) Persons, or people, collected together; (S;) an assembly; a collected body: (Msb:) or a collection of many people: (T:) and ↓ أَلْبٌ أَلُوبٌ a great assembly or congregation. (M.) b2: Also A people, or company of men, combining in hostility against a man. (TA, from a trad.) You say, هُمْ عَلَيْهِ

أَلْبٌ وَاحِدٌ, and ↓ إِلْبٌ, (but the former is the better known, M,) They are [one body of men] assembled against him with injustice and enmity or hostility: (Lth, T, M, K:) like وَعْلٌ وَاحِدٌ and صَدْعٌ وَاحِدٌ and ضِلَعٌ وَاحِدٌ. (T, TA.) إِلْبٌ: see أَلْبٌ, in two places.

أَلَبٌ a dial. var. of يَلَبٌ; (M;) Helmets of camels' shins: or, as some say, it signifies steel: (T:) أَلَبَةٌ is [its n. un., being] a dial. var. of يَلَبَةٌ. (K, * TA.) [See also يَلَبٌ.]

أَلُوبٌ: see أَلْبٌ. b2: Also One who hastens, or is quick; (T;) and ↓ مِئْلَبٌ likewise signifies [the same; or] quick, or swift: (Ibn-Buzurj, T, K:) or the former signifies quick in drawing forth the bucket: (IAar, M, K:) or brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, or prompt, and quick; (K, TA;) applied to a man. (TA.) b3: رِيْحٌ أَلُوبٌ A cold wind, (M,) that raises and scatters the dust. (M, K.) b4: سَمَآءٌ أَلُوبٌ A sky raining with long continuance. (M.) مِئْلَبٌ: see أَلُوبٌ.

حَسُودٌ مُؤَلِّبٌ [An envious man,] who excites discord or strife, or makes mischief. (S, * TA.)

سامَرّاء:
لغة في سرّ من رأى: مدينة كانت بين بغداد وتكريت على شرقي دجلة وقد خربت، وفيها لغات: سامرّاء، ممدود، وسامرّا، مقصور، وسرّ من رأ، مهموز الآخر، وسرّ من را، مقصور الآخر، أمّا سامرّاء فشاهده قول البحتري:
وأرى المطايا لا قصور بها ... عن ليل سامرّاء تذرعه
وسرّ من را مقصور غير مهموز في قول الحسين بن الضحاك:
سرّ من را أسرّ من بغداد، ... فاله عن بعض ذكرها المعتاد
وسرّ من راء ممدود الآخر في قول البحتري:
لأرحلنّ وآمالي مطرّحة ... بسرّ من راء مستبطي لها القدر
وسامرّا، مقصور، وسرّ من رأى وساء من رأى، عن الجوهري، وسرّاء، وكتب المنتصر إلى المتوكل وهو بالشام:
إلى الله أشكو عبرة تتحيّر، ... ولو قد حدا الحادي لظلّت تحدّر
فيا حسرتا إن كنت في سرّ من رأى ... مقيما وبالشام الخليفة جعفر!
وقال أبو سعد: سامرّاء بلد على دجلة فوق بغداد بثلاثين فرسخا يقال لها سرّ من رأى فخففها الناس وقالوا سامرّاء، وهي في الإقليم الرابع، طولها تسع وستون درجة وثلثا درجة، وعرضها سبع وثلاثون درجة وسدس، تعديل نهارها أربع عشرة ساعة، غاية ارتفاع الشمس بها تسع وسبعون درجة وثلث، ظل الظهر درجتان وربع، ظل العصر أربع عشرة درجة، بين الطولين ثلاثون درجة، سمت القبلة إحدى عشرة درجة وثلث، وعن الموصلي ثلاث وثمانون درجة، وعرضها مائة وسبع عشرة درجة وثلث وعشر، وبها السرداب المعروف في جامعها الذي تزعم الشيعة أن مهديهم يخرج منه، وقد ينسبون إليها بالسّرّ مرّي، وقيل: إنّها مدينة بنيت لسام فنسبت إليه بالفارسية سام راه، وقيل: بل هو موضع عليه الخراج، قالوا بالفارسية: ساء مرّة أي هو موضع الحساب، وقال حمزة: كانت سامراء مدينة عتيقة من مدن الفرس تحمل إليها الإتاوة التي
كانت موظفة لملك الفرس على ملك الروم، ودليل ذلك قائم في اسم المدينة لأن سا اسم الإتاوة، ومرّة اسم العدد، والمعنى أنّه مكان قبض عدد جزية الروم، وقال الشعبي: وكان سام بن نوح له جمال ورواء ومنظر، وكان يصيف بالقرية التي ابتناها نوح، عليه السلام، عند خروجه من السفينة ببازبدى وسماها ثمانين، ويشتو بأرض جوخى، وكان ممرّه من أرض جوخى إلى بازبدى على شاطئ دجلة من الجانب الشرقي، ويسمّى ذلك المكان الآن سام راه يعني طريق سام، وقال إبراهيم الجنيدي: سمعتهم يقولون إن سامراء بناها سام بن نوح، عليه السلام، ودعا أن لا يصيب أهلها سوء، فأراد السفاح أن يبنيها فبنى مدينة الأنبار بحذائها، وأراد المنصور بعد ما أسس بغداد بناءها، وسمع في الرواية ببركة هذه المدينة فابتدأ بالبناء في البردان ثمّ بدا له وبنى بغداد وأراد الرشيد أيضا بناءها فبنى بحذائها قصرا وهو بإزاء أثر عظيم قديم كان للأكاسرة ثمّ بناها المعتصم ونزلها في سنة 221، وذكر محمد بن أحمد البشّاري نكتة حسنة فيها قال: لما عمرت سامرّاء وكملت واتسق خيرها واحتفلت سميت سرور من رأى، ثمّ اختصرت فقيل سرّ من رأى، فلمّا خربت وتشوّهت خلقتها واستوحشت سميت ساء من رأى، ثمّ اختصرت فقيل سامراء، وكان الرشيد حفر نهرا عندها سمّاه القاطول وأتى الجند وبنى عنده قصرا ثمّ بنى المعتصم أيضا هناك قصرا ووهبه لمولاه أشناس، فلمّا ضاقت بغداد عن عساكره وأراد استحداث مدينة كان هذا الموضع على خاطره فجاءه وبنى عنده سرّ من رأى، وقد حكي في سبب استحداثه سرّ من رأى أنّه قال ابن عبدوس: في سنة 219 أمر المعتصم أبا الوزير أحمد بن خالد الكاتب بأن يأخذ مائة ألف دينار ويشتري بها بناحية سرّ من رأى موضعا يبني فيه مدينة وقال له: إني أتخوّف أن يصيّح هؤلاء الحربية صيحة فيقتلوا غلماني فإذا ابتعت لي هذا الموضع كنت فوقهم فإن رابني رائب أتيتهم في البر والبحر حتى آتي عليهم، فقال له أبو الوزير: آخذ خمسة آلاف دينار وإن احتجت إلى زيادة استزدت، قال: فأخذت خمسة آلاف دينار وقصدت الموضع فابتعت ديرا كان في الموضع من النصارى بخمسة آلاف درهم وابتعت بستانا كان في جانبه بخمسة آلاف درهم ثمّ أحكمت الأمر فيما احتجت إلى ابتياعه بشيء يسير فانحدرت فأتيته بالصكاك، فخرج إلى الموضع في آخر سنة 220 ونزل القاطول في المضارب ثمّ جعل يتقدّم قليلا قليلا وينتقل من موضع إلى موضع حتى نزل الموضع وبدأ بالبناء فيه سنة 221، وكان لما ضاقت بغداد عن عسكره وكان إذا ركب يموت جماعة من الصبيان والعميان والضعفاء لازدحام الخيل وضغطها، فــاجتمع أهل الخير على باب المعتصم وقالوا: إمّا أن تخرج من بغداد فإن الناس قد تأذوا بعسكرك أو نحاربك، فقال: كيف تحاربونني؟ قالوا: نحاربك بسهام السحر، قال: وما سهام السحر؟ قالوا:
ندعو عليك، فقال المعتصم: لا طاقة لي بذلك، وخرج من بغداد ونزل سامراء وسكنها وكان الخلفاء يسكنونها بعده إلى أن خربت إلّا يسيرا منها، هذا كلّه قول السمعاني ولفظه، وقال أهل السير: إن جيوش المعتصم كثروا حتى بلغ عدد مماليكه من الأتراك سبعين ألفا فمدوا أيديهم إلى حرم الناس وسعوا فيها بالفساد، فــاجتمع العامة ووقفوا للمعتصم وقالوا: يا أمير المؤمنين ما شيء أحبّ إلينا من مجاورتك لأنّك الإمام والحامي للدين وقد أفرط علينا أمر غلمانك وعمّنا أذاهم فإمّا منعتهم عنّا أو نقلتهم
عنّا، فقال: أمّا نقلهم فلا يكون إلّا بنقلي ولكني أفتقدهم وأنهاهم وأزيل ما شكوتم منه، فنظروا وإذا الأمر قد زاد وعظم وخاف منهم الفتنة ووقوع الحرب وعاودوه بالشكوى وقالوا: إن قدرت على نصفتنا وإلّا فتحوّل عنّا وإلّا حاربناك بالدعاء وندعو عليك في الأسحار، فقال: هذه جيوش لا قدرة لي بها، نعم أتحوّل وكرامة، وساق من فوره حتى نزل سامرّاء وبنى بها دارا وأمر عسكره بمثل ذلك، فعمّر الناس حول قصره حتى صارت أعظم بلاد الله، وبنى بها مسجدا جامعا في طرف الأسواق، وأنزل أشناس بمن ضم إليه من القوّاد كرخ سامرّاء، وهو كرخ فيروز، وأنزل بعضهم في الدور المعروفة بدور العرباني، فتوفي بسامرّاء في سنة 227، وأقام ابنه الواثق بسامرّاء حتى مات بها ثمّ ولي المتوكل فأقام بالهاروني وبنى به أبنية كثيرة وأقطع الناس في ظهر سرّ من رأى في الحيّز الذي كان احتجره المعتصم، واتسع الناس بذلك، وبنى مسجدا جامعا فأعظم النفقة عليه وأمر برفع منارة لتعلو أصوات المؤذنين فيها وحتى ينظر إليها من فراسخ فجمع الناس فيه وتركوا المسجد الأوّل، واشتقّ من دجلة قناتين شتويّة وصيفيّة تدخلان الجامع وتتخلّلان شوارع سامرّاء، واشتقّ نهرا آخر وقدره للدخول إلى الحيّز فمات قبل أن يتمّم، وحاول المنتصر تتميمه فلقصر أيامه لم يتمم ثمّ اختلف الأمر بعده فبطل، وكان المتوكل أنفق عليه سبعمائة ألف دينار، ولم يبن أحد من الخلفاء بسرّ من رأى من الأبنية الجليلة مثل ما بناه المتوكل، فمن ذلك: القصر المعروف بالعروس أنفق عليه ثلاثين ألف ألف درهم، والقصر المختار خمسة آلاف ألف درهم، والوحيد ألفي ألف درهم، والجعفري المحدث عشرة آلاف ألف درهم، والغريب عشرة آلاف ألف درهم، والشيدان عشرة آلاف ألف درهم، والبرج عشرة آلاف ألف درهم، والصبح خمسة آلاف ألف درهم، والمليح خمسة آلاف ألف درهم، وقصر بستان الايتاخيّة عشرة آلاف ألف درهم، والتلّ علوه وسفله خمسة آلاف ألف درهم، والجوسق في ميدان الصخر خمسمائة ألف درهم، والمسجد الجامع خمسة عشر ألف ألف درهم، وبركوان للمعتز عشرين ألف ألف درهم، والقلائد خمسين ألف دينار، وجعل فيها أبنية بمائة ألف دينار، والغرد في دجلة ألف ألف درهم، والقصر بالمتوكلية وهو الذي يقال له الماحوزة خمسين ألف ألف درهم، والبهو خمسة وعشرين ألف ألف درهم، واللؤلؤة خمسة آلاف ألف درهم، فذلك الجميع مائتا ألف ألف وأربعة وتسعون ألف ألف درهم، وكان المعتصم والواثق والمتوكل إذا بنى أحدهم قصرا أو غيره أمر الشعراء أن يعملوا فيه شعرا، فمن ذلك قول عليّ بن الجهم في الجعفري الذي للمتوكل:
وما زلت أسمع أنّ الملو ... ك تبني على قدر أقدارها
وأعلم أنّ عقول الرّجا ... ل يقضى عليها بآثارها
فلمّا رأينا بناء الإما ... م رأينا الخلافة في دارها
بدائع لم ترها فارس ... ولا الرّوم في طول أعمارها
وللرّوم ما شيّد الأوّلون ... وللفرس آثار أحرارها
وكنّا نحسّ لها نخوة ... فطامنت نخوة جبّارها
وأنشأت تحتجّ للمسلمين ... على ملحديها وكفّارها
صحون تسافر فيها العيون ... إذا ما تجلّت لأبصارها
وقبّة ملك كأنّ النجوم ... تضيء إليها بأسرارها
نظمن الفسافس نظم الحليّ ... لعون النّساء وأبكارها
لو انّ سليمان أدّت له ... شياطينه بعض أخبارها
لأيقن أنّ بني هاشم ... يقدّمها فضل أخطارها
وقال الحسين بن الضحاك:
سرّ من را أسرّ من بغداد، ... فاله عن بعض ذكرها المعتاد
حبّذا مسرح لها ليس يخلو ... أبدا من طريدة وطراد
ورياض كأنّما نشر الزّه ... ر عليها محبّر الأبراد
واذكر المشرف المطلّ من ال ... تلّ على الصّادرين والورّاد
وإذا روّح الرّعاء فلا تن ... س رواعي فراقد الأولاد
وله فيها ويفضلها على بغداد:
على سرّ من را والمصيف تحيّة ... مجلّلة من مغرم بهواهما
ألا هل لمشتاق ببغداد رجعة ... تقرّب من ظلّيهما وذراهما؟
محلّان لقّى الله خير عباده ... عزيمة رشد فيهما فاصطفاهما
وقولا لبغداد إذا ما تنسمت ... على أهل بغداد جعلت فداهما
أفي بعض يوم شفّ عينيّ بالقذى ... حرورك حتى رابني ناظراهما؟
ولم تزل كل يوم سر من رأى في صلاح وزيادة وعمارة منذ أيّام المعتصم والواثق إلى آخر أيّام المنتصر ابن المتوكل، فلمّا ولي المستعين وقويت شوكة الأتراك واستبدوا بالملك والتولية والعزل وانفسدت دولة بني العبّاس لم تزل سر من رأى في تناقص للاختلاف الواقع في الدولة بسبب العصبية التي كانت بين أمراء الأتراك إلى أن كان آخر من انتقل إلى بغداد من الخلفاء وأقام بها وترك سر من رأى بالكلية المعتضد بالله أمير المؤمنين كما ذكرناه في التاج وخربت حتى لم يبق منها إلا موضع المشهد الذي تزعم الشيعة ان به سرداب القائم المهدي ومحلّة أخرى بعيدة منها يقال لها كرخ سامراء وسائر ذلك خراب يباب يستوحش الناظر إليها بعد أن لم يكن في الأرض كلّها أحسن منها ولا أجمل ولا أعظم ولا آنس ولا أوسع ملكا منها، فسبحان من لا يزول ولا يحول، وذكر الحسن بن أحمد المهلبي في كتابه المسمّى بالعزيزي قال: وأنا اجتزت بسر من رأى منذ صلاة الصبح في شارع واحد مادّ عليه من جانبيه دور كأن اليد رفعت عنها للوقت لم تعدم إلّا الأبواب والسقوف، فأمّا حيطانها فكالجدد، فما زلنا نسير إلى بعد الظهر حتى انتهينا إلى العمارة منها، وهي مقدار قرية يسيرة في وسطها، ثمّ سرنا من الغد على مثل تلك الحال فما خرجنا من آثار البناء إلى نحو الظهر، ولا شك أن طول البناء كان أكثر من ثمانية فراسخ،
وكان ابن المعتز مجتازا بسامرّاء متأسفا عليها وله فيها كلام منثور ومنظوم في وصفها، ولما استدبر أمرها جعلت تنقض وتحمل أنقاضها إلى بغداد ويعمّر بها، فقال ابن المعتز:
قد أقفرت سرّ من را، ... وما لشيء دوام
فالنّقض يحمل منها ... كأنّها آجام
ماتت كما مات فيل ... تسلّ منه العظام
وحدثني بعض الأصدقاء قال اجتزت بسامرّاء أو قال أخبرني من اجتاز بسامرّاء: فرأيت على وجه حائط من حيطانها الخراب مكتوبا:
حكم الضّيوف بهذا الرّبع أنفذ من ... حكم الخلائف آبائي على الأمم
فكلّ ما فيه مبذول لطارقه، ... ولا ذمام به إلّا على الحرم
وأظنّ هذا المعنى سبق إليه هذا الكاتب فإذا هو مأخوذ من قول أرطاة بن سهية المري حيث قال:
وإنّي لقوّام لدى الضيف موهنا ... إذا أغدف الستر البخيل المواكل
دعا فأجابته كلاب كثيرة ... على ثقة مني بأنّي فاعل
وما دون ضيفي من تلاد تحوزه ... لي النّفس إلّا أن تصان الحلائل
وكتب عبد الله بن المعتز إلى صديق له يمدح سرّ من رأى ويصف خرابها ويذم بغداد وأهلها ويفضل سامراء: كتبت إليك من بلدة قد أنهض الدهر سكانها، وأقعد جدرانها، فشاهد اليأس فيها ينطق، وحبل الرجاء فيها يقصر، فكأن عمرانها يطوى، وكأنّ خرابها ينشر، وقد وكّلت إلى الهجر نواحيها، واستحثّ باقيها إلى فانيها، وقد تمزقت بأهلها الديار، فما يجب فيها حقّ جوار، فالظاعن منها ممحوّ الأثر، والمقيم بها على طرف سفر، نهاره إرجاف، وسروره أحلام، ليس له زاد فيرحل ولا مرعى فيرتع، فحالها تصف للعيون الشكوى، وتشير إلى ذمّ الدنيا، بعد ما كانت بالمرأى القريب جنة الأرض وقرار الملك، تفيض بالجنود أقطارها عليهم أردية السيوف وغلائل الحديد، كأنّ رماحهم قرون الوعول، ودروعهم زبد السيول، على خيل تأكل الأرض بحوافرها وتمدّ بالنقع حوافرها، قد نشرت في وجوهها غررا كأنّها صحائف البرق وأمسكها تحجيل كأسورة اللّجين ونوّطت عذرا كالشّنوف في جيش يتلقّف الأعداء أوائله ولم ينهض أواخره، وقد صبّ عليه وقار الصبر، وهبّت له روائح النصر، يصرفه ملك يملأ العين جمالا، والقلوب جلالا، لا تخلف مخيلته، ولا تنقض مريرته، ولا يخطئ بسهم الرأي غرض الصواب، ولا يقطع بمطايا اللهو سفر الشباب، قابضا بيد السياسة على أقطار ملك لا ينتشر حبله، ولا تتشظّى عصاه، ولا تطفى جمرته، في سن شباب لم يجن مأثما، وشيب لم يراهق هرما، قد فرش مهاد عدله، وخفض جناح رحمته، راجما بالعواقب الظنون، لا يطيش عن قلب فاضل الحزم بعد العزم، ساعيا على الحقّ يعمل به عارفا بالله يقصد إليه، مقرّا للحلم ويبذله، قادرا على العقاب ويعدل فيه، إذ الناس في دهر غافل قد اطمأنّت بهم سيرة لينة الحواشي خشنة المرام تطير بها أجنحة السرور، ويهب فيها نسيم الحبور، فالأطراف على مسرة، والنظر إلى مبرّة، قبل أن تخب مطايا الغير، وتسفر
وجوه الحذر، وما زال الدهر مليئا بالنوائب، طارقا بالعجائب، يؤمّن يومه، ويغدر غدره، على أنّها وإن جفيت معشوقة السكنى، وحبيبة المثوى، كوكبها يقظان، وجوها عريان، وحصاها جوهر، ونسيمها معطّر، وترابها مسك أذفر، ويومها غداة، وليلها سحر، وطعامها هنيء، وشرابها مريء، وتاجرها مالك، وفقيرها فاتك، لا كبغدادكم الوسخة السماء، والومدة الهواء، جوها نار، وأرضها خبار، وماؤها حميم، وترابها سرجين، وحيطانها نزوز، وتشرينها تموز، فكم في شمسها من محترق وفي ظلّها من عرق، ضيقة الديار، قاسية الجوار، ساطعة الدخان، قليلة الضيفان، أهلها ذئاب، وكلامهم سباب، وسائلهم محروم، ومالهم مكتوم، لا يجوز إنفاقه، ولا يحل خناقه، حشوشهم مسايل، وطرقهم مزابل، وحيطانهم أخصاص، وبيوتهم أقفاص، ولكل مكروه أجل، وللبقاع دول، والدهر يسير بالمقيم، ويمزج البؤس بالنعيم، وبعد اللجاجة انتهاء والهم إلى فرجة، ولكل سابلة قرار، وبالله أستعين وهو محمود على كل حال.
غدت سر من را في العفاء فيا لها ... قفا نبك من ذكرى حبيب ومنزل
وأصبح أهلوها شبيها بحالها ... لما نسجتهم من جنوب وشمأل
إذا ما امرؤ منهم شكا سوء حاله ... يقولون لا تهلك أسى وتجمّل
وبسامراء قبر الإمام علي بن محمد بن علي بن موسى ابن جعفر وابنه الحسن بن علي العسكريّين، وبها غاب المنتظر في زعم الشيعة الإمامية، وبها من قبور الخلفاء قبر الواثق وقبر المتوكل وابنه المنتصر وأخيه المعتز والمهتدي والمعتمد بن المتوكل.

كث

1 كَثَّ, [aor. ـِ inf. n. كَثَاثَةٌ, It (a thing) became thick, or dense. (S.) b2: كَثَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كُثُوثَةٌ and كَثَاثَةٌ; and كَثَّ, originally كَثِثَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. كَثَثٌ; It (hair) became thick, or dense, without being long. (Msb.) b3: كَثَّتِ اللِّحْيَةُ, (aor.

كَثِ3َ, TA, or كَثُّ, A,) inf. n. كَثَاثَةٌ and كُثُوثَةٌ and كَثَثٌ, (and كَثٌّ, TA,) The beard became thick, or dense; and short and crisp; (K;) not spreading. (TA.) A2: كَثَّ بِسَلْحِهِ Alvum dejecit. (K.) 4 اكثّ and ↓ كَثْكَثَ He became thick, or dense, in the beard. (K.) R. Q. 1 see 4.

كَثٌّ Thick, or dense. (K.) b2: لِحْيَةٌ كَثَّةٌ, (IDrd, S, K,) and ↓ كَثَّآءُ, (S, K,) A thick, or dense, beard. (IDrd, &c.) b3: رَجُلٌ كَثُّ اللِّحْيَةِ, (S, K,) and اللحية ↓ كَثِيثُ, (K,) and ↓ رَجُلٌ أَكَثُّ, (Lth,) and كَثٌّ, (Lth, K,) A man having a thick, or dense, beard; (S, K;) not one that is thin or long. (TA.) You say قَوْمٌ كُثٌّ, A thick-bearded people: (S. K:) [كُثٌّ being pl. of كَثٌّ:] like as you say رَجُلٌ صَدْقُ اللِّقَآءِ, and قَوْمٌ صُدْقٌ: (S:) [or of أَكَثُّ:] كِثَاثٌ is also pl. of كَثٌ. (K.) b4: إِمْرَأَةٌ كَثَّةٌ, and ↓ كَثَّآءُ, A woman having thick, or dense, hair. (IDrd.) b5: By اللِّهَمَ الكِثَاثَ, occurring in a verse cited in art. حوث, is meant [The thick, or dense,] plants. (TA.) b6: Thaalabeh Ibn-'Obeyd El-'Adawee applies the epithet كَثَّة to palm-trees, using the expression كَثَّةُ الأَوْبَارِ; thus likening them to camels. (TA.) b7: قُدُومُهُ عَلَى كَثِّ مَنْخِرِهِ i. q. عَلَى رَغْمِ أَنْفِهِ [His coming is in spite of himself]. (TA.) كثاث [so in the L and TA: in the former, in a restored portion of a leaf:] Dust: mentioned by El-Khattábee as being considered by him not of established authority. (TA.) كَثَاثَاءُ Land (أَرْضٌ) abounding in dust. (K.) كَاثٌّ What grows from that which is scattered, or from that which falls about, of what is reaped. (K.) [See also زِرِّيعٌ.]

كَاثٍّ بِسَلْحِهِ Alvum dejiciens. (TA.) كَثْكَثٌ and كِثْكِثٌ Crumbled particles of stone; and dust: (S, K:) like أَثْلَبٌ and إِثْلِبٌ: (S:) or fine dust; and crumbled particles of stone: or dust in general. (TA.) One says بِفِيهِ الكثكثُ [In his mouth are crumbled particles of stone, and dust: app. meaning he is dead and buried]. (S.) [See also كثاث.].

كُثْكُثَى and كَثْكَثَى A certain game played with dust. (K.) أَكَثُّ: see كَثٌّ.

صور

1 صَارَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, M, K,) inf. n. صَوْرٌ, (M, K,) He made it (a thing, M, K, or, as some say, specially the neck, M) to incline, or lean; (S, M, K;) as also صارهُ, aor. ـِ (S;) and ↓ اصارهُ: (S, M, Msb, K:) or he demolished it threw it down, or pulled it down to the ground; as also ↓ اصارهُ. (K.) One says, of a man, يَصُورْ عُنُقَهُ

إِلَى الشَّىْءِ He inclines his neck to the thing. (Lth.) And صُرْتُ إِلَىَّ الشَّىْءَ, and ↓ أَصَرْتُهُ, I inclined, or bent, the thing to, or towards, me. (El-Ahmar.) And صُرْتُ الغُصْنَ لِأَجْتَنِىَ الثَّمَرَ [I inclined, or bent, the branch, that I might pluck, or gather, the fruit]. (A.) And قُلُوبٌ لَا تَصُورُهَا الأَرْحَامُ (assumed tropical:) [Hearts which the ties of relationship do not incline]. (TA, from a trad.) فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ, in the Kur [ii. 262], means and turn them towards thee; and so فَصِرْهُنَّ: (Akh, S, M:) but the former is the more common reading: this is the meaning commonly known, of each reading: though Lh says that the former means as above, and the latter means cut them, and divide them, in pieces; (M;) and some thus explain the former, making a transposition in the verse, as though the words were thus, فَخُذْ إِلَيْكَ

أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الطَّّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ. (S.) One says also, صُرْ إِلَىَّ, and صُرْ وَجْهَكَ إِلَىَّ, Turn thou thy face towards me. (Akh, S.) And صَارَ وَجْهَهُ, aor. ـُ (M, K,) and يَصِيرُ, (K,) He turned his face towards a person or thing. (M, K.) And هُوَ يَصُورَ مَعْرُوفَهُ إِلَى النَّاسِ (tropical:) [He turns his beneficence towards men]. (TA.) b2: [Agreeably with a statement cited above, it is said that] صَارَهُ, aor. as above, (S, K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) signifies also He dissected it; or cut it, or divided it, in pieces. (S, K, TA.) b3: And hence, (TA,) صَارَ الحُكْمَ (assumed tropical:) He (the judge, A, TA) decided the judgment. (S, * A, TA.) b4: [Freytag states, on the authority of the Kitáb el-Addád, that صار, aor. as above, has two contr. significations: He separated, or dispersed: b5: and He collected.] b6: See also 2.

A2: صَارَ also signifies He (a man, M) uttered a cry, or sound. (M, K.) A3: صَوِرَ, (M, A, K,) [aor. ـْ inf. n. صَوَرٌ, (S, M, A,) He, (Lth,) or it, (a thing, M, Msb, K, or a man's neck, M, A, *) inclined, or leaned; (Lth, S, * M, A, K;) as also ↓ انصار: (S, M, Msb, K: *) it bent; or was, or became, crooked. (A.) One says, فِى عُنُقِهِ صَوَرٌ In his neck is an inclining; and a bending, or crookedness. (A.) b2: And صَوَرٌ as an attribute of a man signifies also (tropical:) An inclining, or inclination; (S;) a desiring, or desire. (S, Msb.) 2 صوّر [inf. n. تَصْوِيرٌ,] He formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured, him, or it; (S, M, K;) and ↓ تصوّر signifies the same; (Msb, and Bd in iii. 4;) and so does ↓ صار, accord. to Aboo-'Alec, in the saying, بَنَاهُ وَصَلَّبَ فِيهِ وَصَارَا [Which (referring to a church) he has built, and in which he has made a cross, or crosses, and has made sculptured, or painted, work]. (M.) One says, صَوَّرَهُ اللّٰهُ صُورَةً حَسَنَةً [God formed him a goodly, or beautiful, form]. (S.) b2: See also 5, in two places.4 أَصْوَرَ see 1, in three places.5 تصوّر He, or it, was, or became, formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured. (S, M, K, TA.) b2: And [hence,] تصوّر لِى

[and لِى ↓ صُوِّرَ, like تَخَيَّلَ لِى and خُيِّلَ لِى,] It appeared to my mind, or imagination, (S, Msb,) as an image, or a picture. (Msb.) A2: See also 2. b2: [Hence,] تصوّر شَيْئًا He imagined a thing; imaged it in the mind; as also ↓ صوّرهُ; [like تَخَيَّلَهُ and خَيَّلَهُ;] he imagined, or conceived, the form of the thing. (S.) [تَصَوُّرٌ in logic signifies The forming of an idea; conception, perception, or apprehension; sometimes qualified by the epithet سَاذَجٌ i. e. simple.]

A3: Also He (being pierced with a spear or the like) inclined, to fall: (S:) or he (being struck) fell: (M, K:) or he, or it, fell, or alighted. (TA.) 7 اِنْصَارَ: see صَوِرَ. b2: Also It (a thing) became demolished, and cut, or divided, in pieces: (O:) it (a mountain) became demolished, and fell: (Sgh, TA:) it cracked, and split. (TA.) 8 اصطارهُ He doubled it, or folded it; or he bent it; syn. ثَنَاهُ. (O.) صَارٌ: see صَيِّرٌ, below, in two places.

صَوْرٌ Small palm-trees: (M, K:) or a collection of small palm-trees: (S, M, K:) a word having no proper sing.: (S, M:) [but see صَوْرَةٌ:] pl. صِيرَانٌ: (Sh, M, K:) and other trees: pl. as above. (Sh, TA.) b2: Also The root of a palmtree, (M, K,) or of a palm-trunk. (M.) b3: and The bank, or side, of a river or rivulet. (M, K.) b4: And The side of the neck. (O, * K, * TA. [In the CK, واللِّيتِ is erroneously put for وَاللِّيتُ.]) b5: And The forelock: so in the saying of a rájiz, كَأَنَّ عُرْفًا مَائِلًا مِنْ صَوْرِهِ [As though a mane inclining from his forelock]. (S.) صُورٌ A horn: (S, M:) and a horn in which one blows: (S, M, K:) so in the Kur [vi. 73, &c.], يَوْمَ يُنْفَخُ فِى الصُّورِ [i. e. On the day when the horn shall be blown in]: El-Kelbee says, I know not what is الصور: and it is said to be pl. of صُورَةٌ, like as بُسْرٌ is of بُسْرَةٌ; [or rather a coll. gen. n., of which صُورَةٌ is the n. un.;] i. e., [the phrase means] when the souls shall be blown into the forms of the dead: and El-Hasan read فِى الصُّوَرِ: (S, L, TA:) this is related on the authority of AO; but AHeyth asserts him to have said wrong. (L, TA.) صَوَرٌ inf. n. of صَوِرَ [q. v.]. (M, A.) b2: Also An itching (أُكَالٌ) in the head. (IAar, TA.) [See also صَوْرَةٌ.]

صَارَةٌ The head, (O,) or the upper, or uppermost, part, (K,) of a mountain: (O, K:) and صُؤَيْرَةٌ [with ء] has been heard from the Arabs as its dim. (TA.) A2: See also صِوَارٌ.

صَوْرَةٌ (tropical:) An inclination, or a desire. (TA.) Yousay, أَرَى لَكَ إِلَيْهِ صَوْرَةً (tropical:) I see thee to have a loving inclination to him. (A.) And مَا بِى إِلَيْهَا صَوْرَةٌ (tropical:) I have not any inclination to, or desire for, her. (TA, from a trad.) b2: And An itching, or itch, (حِكَّة,) in the head: (A:) or an affection like حِكَّة in a man's head, occasioning a desire to be loused. (S, M, K.) [See also صَوَرٌ.]

A2: And A palm-tree. (IAar.) [See also صَوْرٌ.]

صُورَةٌ Form, fashion, figure, shape, or semblance; syn. شَكْلٌ, (M, K,) and مِثَالٌ; (Msb;) the external state of a thing; (IAth;) that whereby a thing is sensibly distinguished by men in general, and even by many other animate beings, from other things; as the صورة of a man, and of a horse, and of an ass. (B.) b2: And An effigy; an image, or a statue; a picture; anything that is formed, fashioned, figured, or shaped, after the likeness of any of God's creatures, animate or inanimate: it is said that the maker of an effigy, or image, will be punished on the day of resurrection, and will be commanded to put life into it; and that the angels will not enter a house in which is a صورة. (Mgh.) [See also تَصَاوِيرُ.] b3: [Hence, A mental image; or a resemblance, of any object, formed, or conceived, by the mind; an idea: a meaning of frequent occurrence in philosophical works &c.] b4: And Species; syn. نَوْعٌ. (K.) b5: And The essence of a thing; that by being which a thing is what it is; or the property, or quality, or the aggregate of properties or qualities, whereby a thing is what it is; syn. حَقِيقَةٌ: (IAth:) [specific character;] that whereby a thing is mentally distinguished by particular persons, not by the vulgar, from other things; as the صورة by which a man is specially distinguished, consisting in reason and thought and other distinctive attributes: (B:) a quality, an attribute, a property; or a description, as meaning the aggregate of the qualities or attributes or properties, of a thing; or the state, condition, or case, of a thing; syn. صِفَةٌ: (IAth, Msb, K:) as when you say, صُورَةُ الأَمْرِ كَذَا [The quality, &c., of the thing is of such a kind]: (IAth, Msb:) and صُورَةُ المَسْأَلَةِ كَذَا [The description, statement, or form, of the question is of such a kind]: (Msb:) and so in the saying of the Prophet, أَتَانِى اللَّيْلَةَ رَبِّى فِى

أَحْسَنِ صُورَةٍ [My Lord came to me to-night in a most goodly state]; or صورة may here refer to the Prophet, and may mean external state, or manner of being, or condition. (IAth.) b6: And The mode, or manner, of an action. (IAth.) b7: The pl. is صُوَرٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and صِوَرٌ and صُورٌ; (S, M, K;) the second of which is rare, and by some disallowed. (MF.) b8: The saying of the Prophet خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ آدَمَ عَلَى صُورَتِهِ may mean that God created Adam in the صورة [or form &c.] that He, namely, God, originated and ordained; or in the صورة proper to him, namely, Adam. (M.) b9: صُورَةٌ signifies also The face: so in a trad. cited voce مُحَرَّمٌ; in which it is said that the صورة is pronounced sacred, i. e. that it is not to be slapped: and in another, in which it is said that the Prophet disliked marking the صورة with a hot iron. (TA.) صُوَارٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

صِوَارٌ A herd of [wild] bulls or cows; (S, M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ صُوَارٌ and ↓ صِيَارٌ [the latter in the CK written صِيّار] and ↓ صُوَّارٌ [in some copies of the K erroneously written صُوَار, which, as observed in the TA, is a repetition]: (M, K, TA:) pl. of the first (S, M) and second and third (M) صِيرَانٌ. (S, M.) A2: Also A sweet odour; and so ↓ صُوَارٌ. (M, K.) b2: And A vesicle (وِعَآء) of musk; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ صُوَارٌ, (Msb,) and ↓ صِيَارٌ, (S,) and ↓ صَارَةٌ [also] signifies [the same, i. e.] a فَارَة or فَأْرَة of musk: (O, K:) or صِوَارٌ and ↓ صُوَارٌ signify a small quantity of musk: (M, K:) or a piece, or portion, thereof: (M:) and صِوَارٌ signifies also musk [itself]: (TA:) pl. أَصْوِرَةٌ. (M, K.) [Said in the M to be Pers\.]

A3: الصِّوَارَانِ The two corners of the mouth; (O, K;) called by the vulgar الصَّوَّارَيْن, (O, TA,) or الصَّوَارَيْن (O in art. صمغ.) صِيَارٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

صُؤَيْرَةٌ [with ء] a dim. of صَارَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) صَيِّرٌ Goodly in صُورَة [i. e. form &c.]; (Fr, S, K;) as also ↓ صَارٌ. (TA in art. شور.) One says رَجُلٌ صَيِّرٌ شَيِّرٌ (Fr, S) and شَارٌ ↓ صَارٌ (TA ubi suprà) A man goodly in صورة [or form &c.] and in شَارَة [i. e. appearance or apparel &c.]. (Fr, S.) [See also شَيِّرٌ in art. شور.]

صَوَّارٌ A sparrow (عُصْفُورٌ) that answers when called. (S, M, K. *) صُوَّارٌ: see صِوَارٌ, first sentence.

أَصْوَرُ Inclining: (M, K:) pl. صُورٌ. (M.) One says رَجُلٌ أَصْوَرُ A man having an inclining, or a bending, or crooked, neck. (A.) And هُوَ أَصْوَرُ

إِلَى كَذَا He is inclining his neck and face towards such a thing. (A.) b2: [And hence,] (assumed tropical:) Having an inclination, or a desire, (S, M, Msb,) to, or for, (إِلَى,) a friend, or an object of love. (M.) تَصَاوِيرُ [pl. of تَصْوِيرٌ and تَصْوِيرَةٌ] Effigies, images, or statues; pictures; and the like. (S, Mgh.) [See also صُورَةٌ.]

مُصَوِّرٌ [A sculptor; and a painter, or limner, or the like]. المُصَوِرُ as an epithet of God, The Former, or Fashioner, of all existing things, who hath established them, and given to every one of them a special form and a particular manner of being whereby it is distinguished, with their variety and multitude. (TA.)

نفش

1 نَفَشَ, (S, A,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. نَفْشٌ, (S, A, K,) He separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened, a thing, with his fingers, so that it became spread, or sparse, or dispersed; (A, K;) as also ↓ نفّش, inf. n. تَنْفِيشٌ: (S, K:) or the latter has an intensive signification: and accord. to some, the former signifies he separated a thing not difficult to separate, such as cotton and wool: or he pulled wool until its parts became separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened: (TA:) or he spread, or dispersed, a thing. (MF.) You say, نَفَشْتُ القُطْنَ and الصُّوفَ [I separated or plucked asunder, or loosened, with my fingers, &c., the cotton and the wool]. (S, A.) نَفْشٌ is likewise syn. with نَدْفٌ [the separating and loosening cotton by means of a bow and a wooden mallet]. (TA.) You also say, نَفَشَ الرَّطْبَةَ, inf. n. as above, meaning, He separated what was collected together, or compacted, in the [kind of trefoil called] رطبة. (TA.) And, of a cock, (T, S, in art. بول.) or of a حُبَارَى, (K, in that art.,) when about to fight, (T, K. ibid.,) نَفَشَ بُرَائِلَهُ [He ruffled the feathers around his neck]. (T, S, K, ibid.) A2: It is also intrans syn. with انتفش, q. v. (TA.) b2: [And hence,] نَفَشَتِ الغَنَمُ, (S, A, K,) and الإِبِلُ, (S, Msb, K,) accord. to IDrd the former only, but accord. to others the latter also, and in like manner one says of all beasts, though mostly of غَنَم, (TA,) aor. (S, Msb, K) and نَفِشَ, (S, K,) inf. n. نَفْشٌ, (Msb, K,) or نُفُوشٌ, (S,) or both: (TA;) and نَفشت, aor. ـَ (IAar. Sgh, K;) The sheep or goats, and the camels, pastured by night without a pastor: (S, Msb, K:) or without the knowledge of a pastor (TA:) or dispersed themselves by night: (A:) or dispersed themselves and pastured by night without knowledge [of the pastor]: or the sheep or goats entered among seed-produce: (TA:) occurring in the Kur, xxi. 78: (S, TA:) the subst. is نَفَشٌ, signifying their dispersion of themselves and pasturing by night without a pastor. (Msb.) 2 نَفَّشَ see 1, first signification.4 انفش الغَنَمَ, (S, A, K.) and الإِبِلَ, (S, K,) He (the pastor) sent the sheep or goats, and the camels, (K, * TA,) or left them, (S, TA,) to pasture by night without a pastor; (S, K, TA,) neglecting them: (TA:) or to disperse themselves by night. (A.) 5 تَنفّشت الهِرَّةُ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ انتفشت, (S, A,) The cat bristled up her hair. (S, A, K.) and in like manner you say of a hyena. (A, TA, *) And تنفّش الدِّيكُ, (A,) or الطَّاِئرُ, (K,) and ↓ انتفش, (A, TA,) The cock, (A,) or bird, (K,) ruffled, (A,) or shook, (K,) his feathers, as though he feared, (A, K,) or threatened, (A,) or trembled. (K.) 8 انتفش i. q. نَفَشَ used intransitively. [signifying It (a thing, or cotton, and wool, and the like,) became separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened, with the fingers, so that it became spread, or sparse, or dispersed; &c., being] quasi-pass. of نَفَشَ used transitively. (TA.) See also مُنْتَفِشٌ. And see 5, in two places.

نَفَشٌ Wool. (IAar, K.) b2: [Hence, app., the saying,] إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَحْمٌ فَنَفَشٌ, [lit., If there be not fat, then let there be wool;] meaning, (assumed tropical:) If there be not action, then [let there be] a show of action: (IAar, Az, L:) or the last word signifies a little milk. (Meyd, cited by Freytag: see his Arab Prov., i. 70:) it also signifies, [and perhaps in the above saying,] (tropical:) abundance of speech or talk, and of pretensions. (MF.) A2: See also 1, at the end.

A3: And see: نَافِشٌ.

نَفَّاشٌ (assumed tropical:) Proud and boastful. or one who praises himself for that which is not in him; or who says that which he does not. (TA.) A2: A kind of لَيْمُون or citron; the limon sponginus sugosus Ferrari; (Delile, Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 749)] of the largest size, (TA.) نَافِشٌ, applied to a camel [and to a sheep or goat]. fem. نَافشةٌ, Msb, part. n. of 1. (Msb, TA.) You say, إِبِلٌ نَافِشَةٌ, Msb, and نَفَشٌ [quasi-pl. p. of نَافِشٌ] (S, K) and نِفَاشٌ (Msb) and نُفَّاشٌ (S, K) and نُفّشٌ [pls. of نَافشٌ] (TA) and نَوَافِشٌ [pl. of نَافِشةٌ], (S, K,) [and in like manner عَنَمٌ,] Camels [and goats] pasturing by night without a pastur: (S, Msb, K; or dispersing themselves and pasturing by ?? without knowledge [of the pastor] (TA:) نَفَشٌ are only by night; but هَمَلٌ, by night and by day (S,) عِهْنٌ مَنْفُوشٌ (S) Wool of ramous colours separated and loosened by means of bow wooden mallet: (Bd, Jel, ei. 4.) and in like manner, ↓ قُطْنٌ مُسْتَفِشٌ [cotton that is separated, or plucked asunder, or loosened, with the fingers, so that it becomes spread, or dispersed. &c., See 1 and 8]. (TA, voce هَيّبَانٌ,) See also مُسْتَفشٌ, below.

مُنْتَفِشٌ: see مَنْفُوشٌ.b2: ?? A female slave having shaggy or dishevelled hair: (A;) شَعْتآءُ. (K) b3: ?? is likewise applied to anything Swollen, or humid, and loose or flaccid or soft within; as also ↓ مُتَعّشٌ. (Az, K.) b4: You say also أَنْفٌ مُنْتفِشٌ (tropical:) A nose short in the مَارِن [is soft part], and spreading upon the face, like the nose of the زَنْجِىّ] (A;) and ?? has the like signification; as also ↓ ??; (TA;) or in means are cad of a nose spreading upon the face: (K:) and ↓ مُتَبَفّشُ المُنْخِريْنِ, in like manner, wide in the two nostrils. (TA.) See also مُنَتَفّسٌ.

مُتَنَفِّشٌ: see مُنْتَفِشٌ, in three places.

عم

1 عَمَّ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. عُمُومٌ, (S, Msb, K,) i. q. شَمِلَ الجَمَاعَةَ [i. e. It was, or became, common, or general, or universal; or generally, or universally, comprehensive: it included the common, or general, or whole, aggregate, assemblage, bulk, mass, or extent, within its compass; or within the compass of its relation or relations, its effect or effects, its operation or operations, its influence, or the like]: said of a thing: (S, K:) of rain, &c.: (Msb:) عُمُومٌ signifies the including, or comprehending, [the generality, or] all: (PS:) and the happening, or occurring, to [the generality, or] all. (KL.) عَمَّ ثُؤَبَآءُ النَّاعِسِ [The yawning of the drowsy became common, or general, or universal,] is a prov., applied to the case of an event that happens in a town, or country, and then extends from it to the other towns, or countries. (TA.) b2: It is also trans. [signifying He, or it, included, comprehended, or embraced, persons, or things, in common, in general, or universally, within the compass of his action, or influence, &c., or within the compass of its relation or relations, its effect or effects, its operation or operations, its influence, or the like]: and when trans., its inf. n. is عَمٌّ. (TK.) One says, عَمَّ المَطَرُ الأَرْضَ [The rain included the general, or the whole, extent of the land within the compass of its fall]. (The Lexicons passim.) And عَمَّهُمْ بِالعَطِيَّةِ [He included them in common, in general, or universally, within the compass of the gift; or gave to them in common, in general, or universally]. (S, K.) And عَمَّ فِى

دُعَائِهِ وَخَصَّ [He included, or comprehended, persons or things in common, or in general, in his prayer or supplication &c., and particularized, or specified, some person or thing, or some persons or things]. (S voce خَلَّ.) And عَمَّهُمُ المَرَضُ [The disease was, or became, common, or general, or universal, among them]. (The Lexicons passim.) A2: عَمَّ also signifies He, or it, made long, or tall: b2: and He, or it, was, or became, long, or tall. (IAar, TA.) A3: [And He became a paternal uncle (صَارَ عَمًّا).] One says, مَا كُنْتُ عَمًّا وَلَقَدْ عَمِمْتُ [I was not a paternal uncle, and now I have become a paternal uncle]: (so in my copies of the S:) or مَا كُنْتَ عَمًّا وَلَقَدْ عَمِمْتَ or عَمَمْتَ [Thou wast not &c.]: (so accord. to different copies of the K: the former accord. to the TK [agreeably with my copies of the S; and this I believe to be the right reading, or at least preferable; like أَمِمْتُ]:) inf. n. عُمُومَةٌ; (S, Msb, K;) like خُؤُولَةٌ [and أُمُومَةٌ] and أُبُوَّةٌ. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَ فُلَانٍ عُمُومَةٌ [Between me and such a one is a relationship of paternal uncle]. (S.) A4: عُمَّ: see the next paragraph.2 تَعْمِيمٌ The making a thing to be common, general, or universal; the generalizing it; contr. of تَخْصِيصٌ. (K in art. خص.) A2: عَمَّمْتُهُ I attired him with the عِمَامَة [or turban]. (S.) And عُمِّمَ رَأْسُهُ His head was wound round with the عِمَامَة [or turban]; as also ↓ عُمَّ. (K.) b2: And [hence,] عُمِّمَ (tropical:) He was made a chief or lord [over others]: (S, Msb, K, TA:) because the turbans (العَمَائِم) are the crowns of the Arabs: (S, TA:) and when they made a man a chief or lord, they attired him with a red turban. (TA.) [Hence likewise,] one says also, عَمَّمْنَاكَ أَمْرَنَا, meaning (assumed tropical:) We have made thee to take upon thyself the management of our affair, or state, or case. (TA.) b3: And عَمَّمْتُهُ سَيْفًا [I attired him with a sword; like كَسَوْتُهُ سَيْفًا]. (TA in art. غشو.) b4: And عَمَّمَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ (assumed tropical:) [He cut, or wounded, him, or it (i. e. his head), in the place of the turban, with the sword]: like عَصَّبَهُ بِهِ, (A and TA in art. عصب,) and ضَمَدَهُ. (A and L in art. ضمد.) b5: And عَمَّمَ اللَّبَنُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَعْمِيمٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The milk frothed: as though its froth were likened to the عِمَامَة [or turban]; (S, TA;) as also ↓ اِعْتَمَّ. (K.) 4 أُعِمَّ and أَعَمَّ, in the pass. and act. forms, [He had many paternal uncles: (see مُعَمٌّ:) or] he had generous paternal uncles. (Msb.) 5 تَعَمَّمْتُهُ I called him a paternal uncle: (Az, S, Z:) or تَعَمَّمَتْهُ, said of women, they called him a paternal uncle. (K.) b2: تعمّم عَمًّا: see 10.

A2: See also the next paragraph, in five places.8 اعتمّ and ↓ تعمّم and ↓ استعمّ, (K,) or اعتمّ بِالعِمَامَةِ and بِهَا ↓ تعمّم, (S,) He attired himself with the turban: (S, K:) and ↓ تعمّم is also expl. as meaning he attired himself with the helmet: or, with the garments of war. (TA.) b2: And [hence] one says, اِعْتَمَّتِ الآكَامُ بِالنَّبَاتِ and ↓ تَعَمَّمَت (assumed tropical:) [The hills became crowned with plants, or herbage]. (TA.) And بِهَا رُؤُوسُ الجِبَالِ ↓ تَعَمَّمَتْ (assumed tropical:) [The heads of the mountains became crowned with its light]: referring to the sun, when its light has fallen upon the heads of the mountains and become to them like the turban. (Mgh.) b3: And اعتمّ اللَّبَنُ: see 2, last sentence. b4: and اعتمّ النَّبتُ (tropical:) The plant, or herbage, became of its full height, and blossomed, syn. اِكْتَهَلَ, (S, K, TA,) and طَالَ; and became luxuriant, or abundant and dense: (TA:) like اغتمّ. (TA in art. غم.) b5: And اعتمّ الشَّابُّ (assumed tropical:) The youth, or young man, became tall. (S.) b6: And اعتمّ is said of a beast of the bovine kind as meaning (assumed tropical:) He had all his teeth grown. (As, TA. [See عَمَمٌ and عَضْبٌ.]) 10 اِسْتَعْمَمْتُهُ, (K,) or اِسْتَعْمَمْتُهُ عَمًّا, (S,) I took him, or adopted him, as a paternal uncle: (S, K:) and عَمًّا ↓ تَعَمَّمَ He took, or adopted, a paternal uncle. (TA in art. خول.) A2: See also 8, first sentence. R. Q. 1 عَمْعَمَ (inf. n. عَمْعَمَةٌ, TK) He had a numerous army, or military force, after paucity [thereof]. (K.) عَمَ, for عَمَا, which is for أَمَا: see this last, in art. اما.

عِمْ صَبَاحًا, and عِمُوا صَبَاحًا: see art. صبح.

عَمٌّ A company of men: (S:) or, as some say, of a tribe: (TA:) or a numerous company; as also ↓ أَعَمٌّ; (K;) this latter mentioned by AAF, on the authority of Az, and said by him to be the only instance of a word of the measure أَفْعَل denoting a plurality, unless it be a [coll.] gen. n., like أَرُوَى; and he cites as an ex. the phrase بَيْنَ الأَعَمّ, occurring in a verse; but Fr is related to have read بين الأَعُمِّ, with damm to the ع, making it pl. of عَمٌّ, like as أَضْبٌّ is of ضَبٌّ. (TA.) A2: A paternal uncle; a father's brother: (S, K:) pl. أَعْمَامٌ (S, Msb, K) and عُمُومٌ (TA) and عُمُومَةٌ (Sb, S, K) and أَعِمَّةٌ (CK) and أَعُمٌّ, (K,) a pl. of pauc., mentioned by Fr and IAar, (TA,) and pl. pl. أَعْمُمُونَ, (K, TA,) without idghám, by rule أَعُمُّونَ: (TA:) the female is termed ↓ عَمَّةٌ [i. e. a paternal aunt; a father's sister]: (K:) and the pl. of this is عَمَّاتٌ. (Msb.) One says, يَا ابْنَ عَمِّى and يا ابن عَمِّ (S, L) and يا ابن عَمَّ (L) and يا ابن عَمِ, (S, L, [but in one copy of the S I find the first three and not the last,]) the last without teshdeed, (L,) dial. vars. [all meaning O son of my paternal uncle]: (S, L:) and Abu-n-Nejm uses the expression يَا ابْنَةَ عَمَّا [O daughter of my paternal uncle], meaning عَمَّاهْ, with the ه of lamentation. (S.) And one says, هُمَا ابْنَا عَمٍّ [meaning Each of them two is a son of a paternal uncle of the other]; (S, IB, Msb, K;) because each of them says to the other, يَا ابْنَ عَمِّى; (IB;) and in like manner, ابْنَا خَالَةٍ; (S, IB, Msb, K;) because each of them says to the other, يَا ابْنَ جَالَتِى: (IB:) but one may not say, ↓ هُمَا ابْنَا عَمَّةٍ, nor ابْنَا خَالٍ; (S, IB, Msb, K;) because one of them says to the other, يَا ابْنَ خَالِى, but the latter says to the former, يَا ابْنَ عَمَّتِى. (IB.) And [عَمٌّ signifies also A paternal great uncle, &c.: therefore] one says, هُمَا ابْنَا عَمٍّ

لَحًّا [They two are cousins on the father's side, closely related]; and in like manner, ابْنَا خَالَةٍ

لَحًّا: but not لَحًّا ↓ ابْنَا عَمَّةٍ, nor ابْنَا خَالٍ لَحًّا: (TA:) and هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ ظَهْرًا i. e. [He is his cousin on the father's side,] distantly related. (As, in A and O and TA, art. ظهر.) b2: It is said in a trad., النَّخْلَةَ ↓ أَكْرِمُوا عَمَّتَكُمُ [Honour ye your paternal aunt the palm-tree]: i. e. [do ye so] because it was created of the redundant portion of the earth, or clay, of Adam. (TA.) b3: And عَمٌّ signifies also Tall palm-trees, (K, TA,) of full tallness and abundance and density; (TA;) and ↓ عُمٌّ signifies the same: (K, TA:) [or so نَخْلُ عَمٌّ and عُمٌّ, which is perhaps meant in the K: for] عُمٌّ is an epithet applied to palm-trees, (S, K, TA,) and is pl. of عَمِيمَةٌ [fem. of عَمِيمٌ]. (S, K.) b4: And All [herbs such as are termed]

عُشْب. (Th, K.) عَمَّ in the phrase عَمَّ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ [Respecting what do they ask one another? in the Kur lxxviii. 1] is originally عَمَّا, [for عَنْ مَا,] the ا being elided in the interrogation [after the prep. عَنْ]. (S.) عُمٌّ: see عَمٌّ, last sentence but one: A2: and see also عُمُمٌ.

عَمَّةٌ fem. of عَمٌّ: see the latter, in four places.

عِمَّةٌ A mode of attiring oneself with the turban: so in the saying, هُوَ حَسَنُ العِمَّةِ [He is comely in respect of the mode of attiring himself with the turban]. (S, K.) b2: [And it is vulgarly used as meaning A turban itself, like عِمَامَةٌ; and is used in this sense in the TA in art. علم: see عَلَمْتُ عِمَّتِى near the end of the first paragraph of that art.]

عَمَمٌ The state, or quality, of being collected together, and numerous, or abundant. (K.) b2: And Largeness, or bigness, of make, in men and in others. (K.) b3: See also عُمُمٌ.

A2: Also Complete, or without deficiency; applied to a body, and to a shoulder: (S:) or, applied to the latter, long. (TA.) [See also عَمِيمٌ.] b2: Applied to a beast of the bovine kind, Having all his teeth grown. (As, TA.) [See 8, last sentence; and see عَضْبٌ.] b3: And Any affair, or event, or case, complete [or accomplished], and common or general or universal [app. meaning commonly or generally or universally known]. (K.) b4: And quasi. pl. n. of عَامَّةٌ, q. v. (K.) b5: See also مِعَمٌّ.

عُمُمٌ Completeness of body [or bodily growth], and of wealth, and of youthful vigour, or of the period of youthfulness: so in the phrase اِسْتَوَى

عَلَى عُمُمِهِ, (S, K,) occurring in a trad. of 'Orweh Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, on his mentioning Uheyhah Ibn-El-Juláh and the saying of his maternal uncles respecting him, كُنَّا أَهْلَ ثُمِّهِ وَرُمِّهِ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى

عَلَى عُمُمِهِ [i. e. We were the masters of the meaner and the better articles of his property until he attained to man's estate, or to his completeness of bodily growth, &c.]; (S;) [or] the meaning is, his completeness of stature and of bones and of limbs: (TA:) also pronounced with teshdeed [or idghám, i. e. ↓ عُمِّهِ], for the sake of conformity [with ثُمِّهِ and رُمِّهِ]; (S, TA;) and by some, ↓ عَمَمِهِ. (TA.) b2: It is also pl. of عَمِيمٌ [q. v.]. (S, K.) عِمَامٌ: see عِمَامَةٌ, first sentence.

عَمِيمٌ A thing complete, or without deficiency: pl. عُمُمٌ. (S. [See also عَمَمٌ.]) b2: Anything collected together, and abundant, or numerous: pl. as above. (K.) b3: Reaching to everything: applied in this sense to perfume. (Har p. 200.) b4: Tall; applied to a man, and to a plant: (TA:) and so عَمِيمَةٌ applied to a palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ); (S, K;) and to a girl, or young woman; as also ↓ عَمَّآءُ applied to both; of which last word the masc. is ↓ أَعَمُّ: (K:) or عَمِيمَةٌ applied to a woman, (S,) or to a girl, or young woman, (TA,) signifies complete, or perfect, in stature and make, (S, TA,) and tall: (TA:) pl. عُمٌّ, (K,) which is applied to palm-trees (نَخِيلٌ) as meaning tall; (S;) or, accord. to Lh, to a single palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ), and may be [thus, originally,] of the measure فُعْلٌ, or of the measure فُعُلٌ, originally عُمُمٌ: (TA:) ↓ يَعْمُومٌ, also, signifies tall, applied to a plant, or herbage: (K:) and عَمِيمَةٌ applied to a بَقَرَة [or beast of the bovine kind] signifies complete, or perfect, in make. (TA.) b5: One says also, هُوَ مِنْ عَمِيمِهِمْ, meaning صَمِيمِهِمْ [i. e. He is of the choice, best, or most excellent, of them; or of the main stock of them]. (S, K. *) A2: Also Such as is dry of [the species of barleygrass called] بُهْمَى. (S, K.) عِمَامَةٌ [A turban;] the thing that one winds upon the head: (K:) pl. عمَائِمُ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ عِمَامٌ, (Lh, K,) the latter either a broken pl. of عِمَامَةٌ or [a coll. gen. n., i. e.,] these two words are of the class of طَلْحٌ and طَلْحَةٌ. (TA.) [On the old Arab mode of disposing the turban, see خِمَارٌ.] The عَمَائِم were the crowns of the Arabs. (S, Msb.) أَرْخَى عِمَامَتَهُ [lit. He slackened, or loosened, his turban,] means (assumed tropical:) he became, or felt, in a state of security, or safety, and at ease, or in easy circumstances; (K, TA;) because a man does not slacken, or loosen, his turban but in easy circumstances. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) The مِغْفَر [q. v.]: and (tropical:) the helmet: (K, TA:) by some erroneously written with fet-h [to the first letter]. (MF.) b3: And Pieces of wood bound together, upon which one embarks on the sea, and upon which one crosses a river; as also ↓ عَامَّةٌ; or this is correctly عَامَةٌ, without teshdeed; (K, TA;) and thus it is rightly mentioned by IAar. (TA.) عَمَوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, a paternal uncle;] rel. n. of عَمٌّ; as though formed from عَمًى, or عَمًا. (S.) عَمَّا is for عَنْ مَا when not interrogative.]

عُمِّىٌّ, like قُمِّىٌّ, (K, TA,) with damm, but in the M عم, (TA, [in which this word is thus doubtfully written, and has been altered, perhaps from عَمِّىٌّ, for قُمِّىٌّ is a word which I do not find in any case other than this, and if any word of the measure فُعْلِىٌّ were meant, أُمِّىٌّ would be a much better instance of similarity of form,]) an epithet applied to a man, i. q. عَامٌّ [app. meaning Of the common sort; like عَامِّىٌّ]: (K, TA:) and قُصْرِىٌّ or قَصْرِىٌّ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) in the M قَصْرى, (TA, [there thus written, only with a fet-hah to the ق and the sign of quiescence to the ص,]) signifies [the contr., i. e.] خَاصٌّ. (K, TA.) عُمِّيَّةٌ, (S, K,) like عُبِّيَّةٌ, (S,) and عِمِّيَّةٌ, (K,) [like عِبِّيَّةٌ,] Pride, or haughtiness. (S, K.) عَمَاعِمُ [a pl. of which no sing. is mentioned] Companies of men in a scattered, or dispersed, state. (S, K.) عَامٌّ part. n. of عَمَّ; applied to rain &c. [as meaning Common, or general, or universal; or generally, or universally, comprehensive: &c.: see 1, first sentence: contr. of خَاصٌّ]. (Msb.) b2: See also العَامَّةُ. b3: Also [A general word; i. e.] a word applied by a single application to many things, not restricted, including everything to which it is applicable: the words “ by a single application ” exclude the homonym, because this is by several applications; and the saying “ to many things ” excludes what is not applied to many things, as زَيْدٌ, and عَمْرٌو: and the words “ not restricted ” exclude the nouns of number, for المِائِةُ, for instance, is applied by a single application to many things and includes everything to which it is applicable, but the many things are restricted: and the words “ including everything to which it is applicable ” exclude the indeterminate plural, as in the phrase رَأَيْتُ رِجَالًا, all men not being seen: and the word is either عامّ by its form and its meaning, as الرِّجَالُ, or عامّ by its meaning only, as الرَّهْطُ and القَوْمُ. (KT. [The word in this sense is often used in the lexicons, but is expl. in few of them, as being conventional and post-classical.]) العَامَّةُ is the contr. of الخَاصَّةُ [i. e. the former signifies The commonalty, or generality of people; the people in common or in general; the common people; the common sort; or the vulgar]: (S, Msb, K:) the ة is a corroborative: (Msb:) and ↓ المَعَمَّةُ signifies the same as العَامَّةُ: (IAar, TA voce سَامٌّ:) the pl. of عَامَّةٌ is عَوَامُّ, (Msb,) and ↓ عَمَمٌ is quasi-pl. n. of عَامَّةٌ as contr. of خَاصَّةٌ. (K.) [And one says also ↓ الخَاصُّ وَالعَامُّ as well as الخَاصَّةُ وَالعَامَّةُ, meaning The distinguished and the common people; the persons of distinction and the vulgar. b2: عَامَّةً means In common, or commonly, in general, or generally; and universally. And one says, جَاؤُوا عَامَّةً meaning They came generally, or universally.] عَامَّةُ الشَّهْرِ means The greater part of the month. (TA in art. جذب.) And عَامَّةُ النَّهَارِ means The whole of the day. (TA in art. ادم.) b3: And العَامَّةُ signifies also General, or universal, drought. (TA.) b4: And The resurrection: because [it is believed that all beings living on the earth immediately before it shall die, so that] it will occasion universal [previous] death to mankind. (TA.) A2: See also عِمَامَةٌ.

عَامِّىٌّ Of, or relating to, the عَامَّة [or common people; common; or vulgar; often applied to a word, or phrase]. (Msb.) أَعَمُّ [More, and most, common or general: applied to a word, more, and most, general in signification].

A2: As a simple epithet, with its fem.

عَمَّآءُ: see عَمِيمٌ. b2: Also, the former, Thick (K, TA) and complete [or of full size]; applied in this sense to the middle of a she-camel, in a verse of El-Museiyab Ibn-'Alas. (TA.) A3: See also عَمٌّ, first sentence.

مُعَمٌّ مُخْوَلٌ Having generous, (T, L,) or having many and generous, (S,) paternal and maternal uncles; (T, S, L;) and both are sometimes pronounced with kesr [to the ع of the former and to the و of the latter, i. e. مُخْوِلٌ ↓ مُعِمٌّ: see مُخْوَلٌ in its proper art.]: (S:) or مُعَمٌّ and ↓ مِعَمٌّ, with damm to the [initial] م and with kesr to the same, [but the latter is app. a mistake, occasioned by a misunderstanding of what is said in the S,] signify having many paternal uncles: or having generous paternal uncles. (K.) مُعِمٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مِعَمٌّ, with kesr to the first letter, (K, TA, [in the CK, مِعَمُّ خَيْرِ بكَسْرِ اَوَّلِهِ is erroneously put for مِعَمٌّ بِكَسْرِ أَوَّلِهِ خَيّرٌ,]) One who is good, or very good, (K, TA,) who includes mankind in common, in general, or universally, within the compass of his goodness, (Kr, T, K, TA,) and his superabundant bounty; (T, TA;) and ↓ عَمَمٌ signifies the same: (K:) [see also an ex. and explanation voce مِثَمٌّ, in art. ثم:] مِعَمٌّ is almost the only instance of an epithet of the measure مِفْعَلٌ from a verb of the measure فَعَلَ, except مِلَمٌّ [and مِثَمٌّ, with both of which it is coupled]. (TA.) b2: See also مُعَمٌّ.

المَعَمَّةُ: see العَامَّةُ, first sentence.

مُعَمَّمٌ [Attired with a turban. b2: And hence, (assumed tropical:) Made a chief or lord over others; or] a chief, or lord, who is invested with the office of ordering the affairs of a people and to whom the commonalty have recourse. (TA.) b3: Applied to a horse, (S, K,) and other than a horse, (so in a copy of the S,) (assumed tropical:) White in the ears and the place of growth of the forelock and what is around this, exclusively of other parts: (S:) or white in the هَامَة [or upper part of the head], exclusively of the neck: or white in the forelock so that the whiteness extends to the place of its growth. (K.) And شَاةٌ مُعَمَّمَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A sheep, or goat, having a whiteness in the هَامَة. (S.) رَوْضَةٌ مُعْتَمَّةٌ (tropical:) [A meadow] having abundant and tall herbage. (TA.) يَعْمُومٌ: see عَمِيمٌ.