شنق

1 شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb, K) and شَنِقَ, (M, K,) inf. n. شَنْقٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He curbed the camel by means of his زِمَام [or nose-rein], (S, K,) or pulled the خِطَام [or halter, or leadingrope,] of the camel, (M,) while riding him, (S, M,) in the direction of his [own] head, (M,) so as to make the prominences behind his [the camel's] ears cleave to the upright piece of wood rising from the fore part of the saddle: (M, K:) or he raised the camel's head (M, Msb, K) by pulling his زِمَام, (M, Msb,) while riding him, (Msb, K,) like as the rider of the horse does with his horse: (Msb:) and ↓ اشنقهُ signifies the same: (S, M, Msb, K:) or ↓ اشنق is intrans.; you say, شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ and هُوَ ↓ اشنق, the reverse of the usual rule; (IJ, M;) or the latter is intrans. also; (S, Msb, K;) signifying he (the camel) raised his head. (S, M, Msb, K. *) b2: Hence, شَنَقْتُهَا, occurring in a trad., referring to a female hare, inf. n. as above, means, as implying restraint, I cast, or shot, at her, or I struck her, so as to render her incapable of motion. (O.) b3: And شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, or النَّاقَةَ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He bound the he-camel, or the she-camel, with the شِنَاق [q. v.]. (M, K.) b4: And شَنَقَ رَأْسَ الدَّابَّةِ, (M,) or رَأْسَ الفَرَسِ, (K,) (tropical:) He bound (M, K) the head of the beast, (M,) or the head of the horse, (K,) to the upper part of a tree, (M,) or to the head of a tree, or to a tree, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or to a peg, (M,) or to an elevated peg, (K,) so that his neck became extended and erect. (M, TA.) b5: And شَنَقَ القِرْبَةَ, (IDrd, O, K,) aor. ـُ (IDrd, O,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He bound the mouth of the water-skin with the bond called وِكَآء, and then bound the extremity of its وِكَآء to its fore legs: (IDrd, O, K, TA: [in the CK, أَوْكَأَها is erroneously put for أَوْكَاهَا, or, as in some copies of the K, وَكَاهَا:]) or he suspended it: and [in like manner] القِرْبَةَ ↓ اشنق, inf. n. as above, he suspended the water-skin to a peg: (TA:) or the latter signifies he put a شِنَاق to the water-skin: (M:) or he bound the water-skin with a شِنَاق, (S, K, TA,) i. e. a cord with which its mouth is bound. (S.) b6: [Hence شَنَقَهُ, as used in the present day, and in post-classical works, meaning (assumed tropical:) He hanged him by the neck, till he died: (see the pass. part. n., below:) whence

↓ مِشْنَقَةٌ, meaning A gallows; pl. مَشَانِقُ.] b7: شَنَقَ الخَلِيَّةَ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَنْقٌ; (M;) and ↓ شنّقها, (M, K,) inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ; (TA;) He put a piece of wood, which is called ↓ شَنِيقٌ, (M, K,) pared for the purpose, (M,) into the hive, and with it raised a portion of the honey-comb in the width of the hive, (M, K, *) having fixed the شينق beneath it; and sometimes two portions of the honey-comb, and three: (M: [accord. to which one says also, شَنَقَ فِى الخَلِيَّةِ القُرْصَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ:]) this is done only when the bees are rearing their young ones. (M, K. *) b8: Accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَشْنَقْتُ and شَنَقْتُهُ signify the same: (TA: [in which the meaning is not expl.; but it is immediately added, app. to indicate the meaning here intended;]) El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee says, describing a bow and arrows, شَنَقْتُ بِهَا مَعَابِلَ مُرْهَفَاتٍ i. e. I put its string into [the notches of] arrows [broad and long in the heads, made sharp or pointed]. (O, * TA.) A2: شَنِقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَنَقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ (K;) He loved a thing, and became attached to it; (M, K, TA;) said of a man: (TA:) and شَنِقَ, inf. n. شَنَقٌ, is said of a man's heart, (O, TA,) meaning as above: (O:) or شَنَقٌ signifies the heart's yearning towards, or longing for, or desiring, a thing. (Msb.) A3: شَنَقٌ also signifies The being long: (M:) or the being long in the head, (JK, S, TA,) as though it were stretched upwards: (TA:) one says of a horse, شَنِقَ inf. n. شَنَقٌ, meaning He was long in the head. (JK.) b2: شَنَقُ المَرْأَةِ, signifies اِسْتِنَانُهَا مِنَ الشَّحْمِ [app. meaning The woman's becoming sleek, like مَسَانّ (or whetstones) by reason of fat: see اِسْتَنَّتِ الفِصَالُ, in art. سن]: and the epithet applied to her is ↓ شَنِقَةٌ, pl. شَنِقَاتٌ. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA.) 2 شنّق الخَلِيَّةَ, inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: تَشْنِيقٌ also signifies The cutting [a thing] in pieces. (O, K. [See the pass. part. n.]) b3: And The adorning [a person or thing]. (K. [See 5.]) b4: See also the next paragraph, near the end.3 شانقهُ, inf. n. مُشَانَقَةٌ and شِنَاقٌ, He mixed his cattle with his [i. e. another's] cattle: (K, TA:) this is when [contributions to the poor-rate such as are termed] أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] are incumbent on a man, or two men, or three, when their cattle are separate, and one says to another, شَانِقْنِى, i. e. Mix thou my cattle and thy cattle; for if they are separate, a شَنَق will be obligatory, or incumbent, on each of us; and if they are mixed, the case will be light to us: so the شِنَاق signifies the sharing in the شَنَق or in the شَنَقَانِ. (L, TA.) [See also what follows in this paragraph: and see شَنَقٌ.] One says also ↓ لَا تَشَانَقُوا [ for لَا تَتَشَانَقُوا] Ye shall not put together what are separate [of cattle]; التَّشَانُقُ being syn. with المُشَانَقَةُ. (TA.) b2: شِنَاقٌ signifies also The taking somewhat from the شَنَق: and hence the trad., لَا شِنَاقَ: (K, TA:) this means There shall not be taken from the شَنَق [any contribution to the poorrate] unless it is complete [in number]: (A' Obeyd, S, TA:) the شَنَق being, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer says, up to nine; and up to fourteen: but this is pronounced in the L to be wrong: (TA:) [Mtr also says,] it means there shall not be taken aught of what exceed five, up to nine, for example: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, it is like the mixing; but this requires consideration: (Mgh:) Aboo-Sa'eed says that لَا شِنَاقَ means a man shall not adjoin (↓ لَا يُشْنِقُ [thus written here and thus expl. in the TA]) his sheep or goats, and his camels, to the sheep or goats [and the camels] of another person, in order to annul what is obligatory, or incumbent, on him, of the poor-rate: this is [for instance] in the case in which each of them has forty sheep or goats; so that it is incumbent on them to give two sheep or goats; but when one of them adjoins (أَحَدُهُمَا ↓ فَإِذَا شَنَّقَ [thus in this instance in the TA, perhaps a mistranscription for أَشْنَقَ,]) his sheep or goats to those of another, and the collector of the poorrate finds them in his [the latter's] possession, he takes from them one sheep or goat. (TA.) 4 اشنق: see 1, in five places. b2: إِشْنَاقٌ [as inf. n. of أُشْنِقَ, from أَشْنَقَ القِرْبَةَ expl. in the first paragraph,] also signifies The having the hand attached to the neck by means of a غُلّ [q. v.]. (AA, TA.) b3: See also 3, in the latter half.

A2: Accord. to IAar, (O, TA,) اشنق also signifies He took (O, K, TA) the شَنَق, i. e., (O, TA,) the [fine termed] أَرْش: (O, K, TA:) or it was, or became, obligatory, or incumbent, on him to give the أَرْش; thus having two contr. meanings [assigned to it]: (K:) or it signifies also, accord. to IAar, it was, or became, obligatory on him to give what is termed a شَنَق; and this is the case until his camels amount to five and twenty, when what is due of them is [a she-camed such as is termed]

اِبْنَة مَخَاض. (O.) A man of the Arabs said, مِنَّا مَنْ يُشْنِقُ, which may mean Of us is he who gives the شُنُق, i. e. cords, pl. of شِنَاقٌ: or it may mean, who gives the شَنَق, i. e. أَرْش. (O.) b2: اشنق عَلَيْهِ He exalted himself above him; domineered over him; or oppressed him. (O, K.) 5 تشنّق He adorned himself; or was, or became, adorned: (JK, O:) and he clad himself with garments. (JK.) 6 تَشَاْنَقَ see 3.

شَنَقٌ What is between one فَرِيضَة and the next فَرِيضَة, (A'Obeyd, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) [meaning a number that is between two other numbers whereof each imposes the obligation of giving a due termed فَرِيضَة,] of camels, and of sheep or goats, (M, TA,) in relation to the poorrate: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) so called because nothing is taken therefrom; so that it is adjoined (أُشْنِقَ i. e. أَضِيفَ) to that [number] which is next to it [of the numbers below it]: (JK:) accord. to some, it is syn. with وَقَصٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) but some say that it relates peculiarly to camels; (M, Mgh, Msb;) and وَقَصٌ, to bulls and cows: (Mgh, Msb:) used in relation to sheep or goats, it is what is between forty and a hundred and twenty; and in like manner as to other numbers [that impose the obligation of giving a فريضة]: K, TA:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said that the شَنَق is what is above the فريضة, absolutely; as, for instance, what is above forty sheep or goats: (TA: [I here render the word دُونَ

“ above,” though it also means “ below,” because nothing is due from sheep or goats fewer than forty:]) as A'Obeyd says, it is, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (O, * TA: [see also 3:]) Ks states, on the authority of some one or more of the Arabs, that it is up to twenty-five; and says that it is what does pot impose the obligation of the فريضة; meaning what is between five and twenty-five: (Fr, TA:) [but it is also expl. as applied to the due itself that is to be contributed to the poorrates for certain numbers of camels: thus] Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee says, the شَنَق for five camels is a sheep or goat; for ten, two sheep or goats; for fifteen three sheep or goats; and for twenty, four sheep or goats; the term شَنَقٌ being applied alike to the sheep or goat, and to the two sheep or goats, and to the three sheep or goats, and to the four sheep or goats; what exceeds this last being termed فَرِيضَةٌ: (TA:) or, in the case of the poor-rate, the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is a sheep or goat for five camels; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is a بِنْت مَخَاض for five and twenty: (O, K:) the pl. of شَنَقٌ is أَشْنَاقٌ (M, Msb, TA) and شِنَاقٌ. (M.) b2: Also What is above the bloodwit (مَا دُونَ الدِّيَةِ): (As, S, O, Msb, K:) the term أَشْنَاق, (S, M, Msb,) pl. of شَنَقٌ, (M,) being applied to the fines, for wounds, that are sent with the complete bloodwit (S, M, * O, Msb) by him upon whom rests the obligation to send such; (S, O, Msb;) as though they were attached to the main, or greatest, fine: (S, M, * O:) and an addition, in the bloodwit, (M, Msb,) of five, (M,) or of six, (M, Msb,) or of seven, (Msb,) to the hundred camels [which constitute the complete bloodwit], (M, Msb, *) in order that it may be described as ample: (Msb:) [for,] as IAar and As and El-Athram say, the man of rank or quality, when he gave [the bloodwit], used to add to it five [or more] camels, to show thereby his excellence and his generosity: (TA:) a redundancy [in the case of the bloodwit]; (O, K;) one of the explanations of the term given by As: (O:) or in the case of bloodwits (دِيَات), the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is twenty camels whereof every one is a بِنْت مَخَاض; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is twenty camels whereof every one is a جَذَعَة: (O, K:) and some say that أَشْنَاقُ الدِّيَاتِ means the sorts of bloodwits; the bloodwit for purely-unintentional homicide being a hundred camels, which those who are responsible for it undertake to give in fifths, consisting of twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة مَخَاض, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْن لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is a حِقَّة, and twenty whereof every one is a جَذَعَة; these also being termed أَشْنَاق. (TA.) b3: It signifies also A fine, or mulct, for a wound or the like; (O, Msb, K;) as, for instance, for a burn, (O, TA,) or such as a wound on the head that lays bare the bone, (Msb, TA,) and other wounds, (Msb,) and for a tooth [knocked out], and for an eye blinded, and for an arm or a hand vitiated, or rendered unsound and motionless, or stiff; and for anything short of what requires the complete bloowit: (TA:) or, as some say, a fine for that which does not render obnoxious to retaliation; as a scratch, or laceration of the skin, and the like: (M:) pl. أَشْنَاقٌ. (M, Msb.) A2: Also A burden borne on one side of a beast, equiponderant to another borne on the other side; syn. عِدْلٌ: (K, TA: [in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, العَدْلُ is erroneously put for العِدْل:]) الشَّنَقَانِ signifies العِدْلَان. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA. *) b2: And A rope, or cord. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b3: And A bow-string; (O, TA;) as also ↓ شِنَاقٌ; (O, K, * TA;) so called because it is bound to the head of the bow: (O, TA:) or, accord. to Sh, a good bow-string, i. e. strong and long. (TA.) [See what follows.]

A3: الشَّنَقُ also signifies العَمَلُ [The making a thing]: (K:) thus accord. to some in the saying of Ru-beh, describing a sportsman [and his bow], سَوَّى لَهَا كَبْدَآءَ تَنْزُو فِى الشَّنَقْ [as though meaning He prepared for it, or them, a bow such that the part whereby it was held filled the hand, springing in the making by reason of its elasticity and strength: but the word which I have written تَنْزُو, and which is thus in one place in the TA, and in another place in the same, where the verse is repeated, تَنْزُوا, is illegible in the copy of the O, and may be a mistranscription]: accord. to others, however, the last word, الشَّنَقْ, here means the bow-string. (O, TA.) شَنِقٌ, applied to a heart, Loving intensely, or very passionately or fondly; syn. هَيْمَانُ. (M, TA.) Accord. to Lth, ↓ قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ signifies طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [app. meaning A heart aspiring to everything]: (O, L, TA:) in the K, قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ كَكَتِفٍ مُشْتَاقٌ طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ; but the right reading is قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ كَكَتِفٍ

وَمِحْرَابٍ, and the signification as above; primarily relating to the eye. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man, Cautious; or fearful. (TA.) b3: شَنِقَةٌ, applied to a woman: see 1, last sentence.

شِنَاقٌ A rope, or cord, with which the head of a he-camel and of a she-camel is pulled: [see 1, first sentence:] pl. [of pauc.] أَشْنِقَةٌ and [of mult.]

شُنُقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A cord, (A' Obeyd, S, K,) or thong, (A' Obeyd, K,) with which the mouth-of a water-skin is bound, (A' Obeyd, S, Mgh, K,) and that of a leathern water-bag, and which is untied in order that the water may pour forth: (A' Obeyd, TA:) or the suspensory cord of a water-skin: and any cord by which a thing is suspended. (M.) b3: See also شَنَقٌ, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

A2: As an epithet, Tall: (ISh, S, K:) used alike as masc. and fem. (ISh, K) and dual (ISh) and pl., (ISh, K,) not dualized nor pluralized: (ISh:) applied to a man, (S, TA,) and to a woman, and to a he-camel, and to a she-camel: applied to a she-camel as meaning tall, and longnecked; as also ↓ شَنْقَآءُ: and to a he-camel as meaning tall and slender: (ISh, TA:) also, and ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, applied to a horse as meaning tall. (T, TA.) See also أَشْنَقُ.

شَنِيقٌ One whose origin is suspected; syn. دَعِىٌّ: a poet says, أَنَا الدَّاخِلُ البَابَ الَّذِى لَا يَرُومُهُ دَنِىْءٌ وَلَا يُدْعَى إِلَيْهِ شَنِيقُ [I am he who enters the door that the ignoble seeks not, and to which one whose origin is suspected is not invited]. (S.) A2: See also 1, latter half.

شَنِّيقٌ A man evil in disposition: (M, L:) or a self-conceited young man. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) And شَنِّيقَةٌ, like سِكِّينَةٌ, [in some copies of the K شَنِيقَةٌ, like سَكِينَةٌ,] A woman talking, or conversing, or who talks, or converses, in an amorous and enticing manner. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) شِنِقْنَاقٌ a name for A calamity or misfortune (دَاهِيَة): (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K: *) or, as some say, a name of The chiefs of the Jinn, or Genii: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) or also a certain chief of the Jinn. (K.) أَشْنَقُ Long; applied to a neck. (M.) And, as also ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, Long in the head; applied to a horse and to a camel; and so شَنْقَآءُ [the fem. of the former] and ↓ شِنَاقٌ applied to the female. (M.) For the fem., see also شِنَاقٌ.

A2: [The fem.]

شَنْقَآءُ signifies [also] A female bird that feeds her young ones with her bill, ejecting the food into their mouths. (O, K.) مِشْنَقَةٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

مُشَنَّقٌ Flesh-meat (Ks, S) cut in pieces: (Ks, S, K:) applied to flesh-meat, (M,) it is from the أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] of the دِيَة [or bloodwit]. (Ks, S, M.) b2: And Dough cut into pieces, and prepared with oil of olives: (El-Umawee, S, M, K:) or dough cut into lumps, or pieces, upon the table, before it is spread out; also called فَرَزْدَقٌ and عَجَاجِيرُ. (IAar, TA.) مِشْنَاقٌ: see شَنِقٌ.

مَشْنُوقٌ [as pass. part. n. of شَنَقَ means Curbed by means of his nose-rein, &c. b2: And] (assumed tropical:) Hanged: one says, قُتِلَ مَشْنُوقًا (assumed tropical:) He was put to death [by being] hanged. (TA.) A2: See also شِنَاقٌ: and أَشْنَقُ.

قنط

1 قَنَطَ, aor. ـِ and قَنَطَ, aor. ـُ and قَنِطَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K;) and قَنُطَ, aor. ـُ (K;) and قَنَطَ, aor. ـَ and قَنِطَ, aor. ـِ each of the last two being a mixture of two dialects; (Akh, S, K;) inf. n. قُنُوطٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is of the first and second, (S, K, TA,) and of the fourth and sixth also; (K; [but this is doubtful;]) and قَنَطٌ, which is of the third; (S, K;) and قَنَاطَةٌ, which is also of the third, (S, K,) or [more probably, agreeably with analogy,] of the fourth; (TK;) He despaired (S, Msb, K) of (مِنْ) the mercy of God, (Msb,) or, as in the T, of good: or, as some say, he despaired most vehemently of a thing. (TA.) It is said in the Kur, [xv. 56,] accord. to different readings, وَمَنْ يَقْنِطُ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ رَبِّهِ إِلَّا الضَّالُّونَ and يَقْنُطُ (Bd, TA) and يَقْنَطُ (Bd) [And who despaireth of the mercy of his Lord except those who are in error?]

A2: قَنْطٌ is also syn. with مَنْعٌ. (K.) You say, قَنَطَ مَآءَهُ عَنَّا He withheld, kept, or debarred, his water from us. (Sgh on the authority of Ibn-'Abbád.) 2 قنّطهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَقْنِيطٌ, (K,) He made him to despair; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ اقنطهُ. (Msb.) You say, شَرُّ النَّاسِ الَّذِينَ يُقَنِّطُونَ النَّاسَ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللّٰهِ The worst of men are those who make men to despair of the mercy of God. (TA.) 4 أَقْنَطَ see 2.

قَنِطٌ: see what follows.

قَنُوطٌ: see what follows.

قَانِطٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ قَنِطٌ (S, TA) and ↓ قَنُوطٌ, (Msb, TA,) but the last has an intensive signification, (Bd, xli. 49,) Despairing: (S, Msb, TA:) pl. of the first with ون; (Kur xv. 55, accord. to the prevailing reading;) and so of the second. (S, TA.)

خنق: خنق البنديرة: نكس العلم علامة للحزن (محيط المحيط).
خنَّق (بالتشديد). تخنيق الشرانق عرضها لحرارة الشمس أو بخار الماء عند غليانه لكي تموت الديان التي بها (محيط المحيط).
خَنّق القَثَّاء: أثار التراب من بين منابتها ورد على أصولها (محيط المحيط).
خانق، حانقة: خاصمة، شاجرة، نازعة (بوشر، همبرت ص241 عنت 5، 1: 11، ألف ليلة برسل4: 78).
تخانق: تخاصم، تشاجر، تنازع، ويقال تخانق مع: تشاغب مع (بوشر، همبرت ص241، محيط المحيط)، وفي ألف ليلة (برسل 4: 140) فتماسكا وتقابضا وتخانقا.
اختنق: في المقري (2: 515) في كلامه عن تمثال أسد: شرب على صهريج فاختنق الأسد الذي يرمي بالماء. وهذا يعني أن الماء لم يعد يسيل من فم الأسد. خَنّق: حلق، حلقوم، حنجرة (المعجم اللاتيني العربي).
خَنْق أو خَنَق: خانق، مضيق بين جبلين، وشعب ضيق بين الصخور (بربر وجر ص6، كولومب ص54، 55، 57، مارتن ص20، كارترون ص328، كاريت جغرافية ص134).
خَنَق: مرض من أمراض الأطفال (بلجراف 2: 33) وهو يظن إنه الخُناق.
خَنَق البول: حصر البول، أسر البول (المعجم اللاتيني العربي).
خَنْقَة: غابة، أجمة (بليسييه ص65، 70).
خنقة اليد: معصم اليد، رسغ اليد (بوشر).
خَناق (مصدر خانق): نزاع، شجار، خصام، شغب. ويقول صاحب محيط المحيط بانه يستعمل مصدراً لتخانق.
خِناقة: نزاع، شجار، مضاربة، فتنة (بوشر، همبرت ص241).
خِنَاقة: سوق السمك (فوك، الكالا).
وخَنَاقَّية: خنب، رعام، سقاوة، داء الخيل، وهو التهاب الجلدة المخاطية في الحيوانات ذات الحوافر. (الكالا).
خَنّاق. جمعه خنانيق وخوانيق: خُناق، ذباح (بوشر) والأطباء يقولون خوانيق (محيط المحيط).
خَنَّاق: صياد السمك (راجع لين).
والجمع خَنَاقين: اختصار سوق الخناقين أي سوق السمك (فوك).
خَنّاق: عامية خُناق (محيط المحيط).
خَنّاقة: لابد أنها تدل على معنى قلادة من الذهب أو اللؤلؤ وغير ذلك، لأن الكلمة هناكة الصقلية المأخوذة منها تدل على ذلك، ونجد الكلمة عند آبيلا (صفة مالطة ص258)، وهو يترجمها بما معناه قلادة.
وقد نبهني السيد دي جويه إلى أن هذه الكلمة موجودة عند المقدسي (ص396).
خانقة، وجمعه خوانيق وخَوانق (بيان سميث 1324): خَناق، داء الخوانيق. ففي معجم المنصوري: خوانق جمع خانقة وهي ورم يكون في الحلق وربما قتل.
مَخْنَق: تصحيف مِخْنَق، ويجمع على مخانق، وهي المشنقة (فوك).
والجمع مخانق: الشعاب الضيقة في الجبل (ملر آخر أيام غرناطة ص12) وفي مخطوطة كوبنهاجن المجهولة الهوية (ص31): وارصدوا لفرارهم بالمضايق وقُبض على أكثرهم بتلك المخانق.
مُخَنَّق، يقال: أخذ منه بالمخنق في الكلام عن المحتضر أي هو في حشرجة الموت أو في غرغة الموت. (معجم البلاذري).
مِخْنَقة: قلادة من القرنفل (دوماس حياة العرب ص173، وعادات ص304). ومِخْنَقة: مشنقة (ابن بطوطة 1: 184) وهذا هو صواب قراءة الكلمة كما جاء في التعليق (راجع مِخْنَق).
مخنقي. فرس مخنقي: فرس تتساقط قشرة جلده من داء يصيبه. (دوماس حياة العرب ص189).
مَخْنُوق. في المعجم اللاتيني العربي: Lemures المخنوقين والملهو بهم. وقد كتبت الكلمة الأخيرة فيه بوضوح غير أني لا أدري كيف أفسرها.
مَخَانَقَة: عياط، تبكيت، توبيخ (بوشر).
اختناق: من مصطلح الطيب: خُناق (محيط المحيط).
اختناق الرحم: من مصطلح الطب: تشنج يحدث في الرحم لاحتباس الطمث (محيط المحيط) الجريدة الآسيوية (1853، 1: 350) حيث يجب تصحيح الترجمة.

خنق

1 خَنَقَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. خَنِقٌ (S Mgh, Msb, K) and خَنْقٌ, (Msb, TA,) the latter a contraction of the former, (Msb,) or, accord. to El-Fárábee, the latter is not allowable, (Mgh,) He throttled him, or strangled him, i. e. squeezed his throat (Mgh, Msb) that he might die; (Msb;) [but it does not always mean he squeezed his throat so that he died; often meaning, simply, he, or it, throttled him, strangled him, or choked him; and frequently said of a disease in the throat, and of food;] and ↓ خنّقهُ signifies the same, (S, K,) [or has an intensive meaning,] and its inf. n. is تَخْنِيقٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] العَبْرَةُ ↓ خَنَّقَتْهُ [and خَنَقَتْهُ] (assumed tropical:) Weeping [or sobbing] choked him; as though the tears throttled him. (Mgh.) b3: And خُنِقَ He (a horse) was affected with the disease, or wind in the throat, termed خُنَاقِيَّة. (TA.) b4: And خَنَقَ الوَقْتَ, aor. as above, (assumed tropical:) He postponed, or deferred, and [so] straitened, the time: and خَنَقَ الصَّلَاةَ (assumed tropical:) He straitened the time of prayer by postponing it, or deferring it. (TA.) 2 خَنَّقَ see 1, in two places. b2: You say also, خنّق السَّرَابُ الجِبَالَ, inf. n. تَخْنِيقٌ, (tropical:) The mirage nearly covered the heads of the mountains. (K, TA.) b3: And خنّق الإِنَآءَ (tropical:) He filled the vessel: (K, TA:) or filled it up (سَدَّدَ مَلْأَهُ): and in like manner, الحَوْضَ [the watering-trough]. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) b4: And خنّق الأَرْبَعِينَ (tropical:) He (a man) nearly attained to [the age of] forty [years]. (K, TA.) 7 إِنْخَنَقَ see what next follows, in three places.8 اختنق He was, or became, throttled, or strangled; i. e. he had his throat squeezed that he might die; (JK, * S, * Msb, K; *) [and simply he was, or became, throttled, strangled, or choked;] as also ↓ انخنق: (JK, * Msb:) or you say, ↓ انخنقت الشَّاةُ بِنَفْسِهَا [the sheep, or goat, became throttled, or strangled, or choked, by itself]: (S, K:) or ↓ الاِنْخِنَاقُ signifies the having the خِنَاق [q. v.] compressed upon one's throat: and الاِخْتِنَاقُ, the compressing it upon one's own throat. (TA.) خَنْقٌ: see مُخَنَّقٌ.

خَنِقٌ inf. n. of خَنَقَهُ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) A2: and i. q. مَخْنُوقٌ q. v. (JK, K.) خُنُقٌ: see خِنَاقٌ.

خُنِاقٌ [Quinsy;] a certain disease which pre vents the passage of the breath to the lungs and heart; (K;) as also [↓ خُنَاقَةٌ thus in modern Arabic, and] ↓ خُنَّاقٌ: pl. خَوَانِيقُ (TA) [and خَنَّانِيقُ, thus in modern Arabic]. b2: See also مُخَنَّقٌ, in three places.

خِنَاقٌ A cord, (JK, S, Mgh, K,) or bow-string, or the like, (Mgh,) with which one is strangled; (JK, * S, * Mgh, K; *) also, metaphorically, termed خَنَّاقٍ ↓ مِخْنَقَةُ. (Mgh.) b2: See also مُخَنَّقٌ, in two places. b3: فَلْهَمٌ خِنَاقٌ (assumed tropical:) A narrow vulva of a woman: (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA:) and ↓ خُنُقٌ [or فُرُوجُ خُنُقٌ, for خُنُقٌ is app. pl. of خِنَاقٌ, like as كُنُزٌ is pl. of كِنَازٌ,] (assumed tropical:) narrow vulvas (IAar, K) of women. (IAar.) b4: هُمْ فِى خِنَاقٍ مِنَ المَوْتِ (assumed tropical:) They are in straitness by reason of death. (TA.) خَنِيقٌ: see مَخْنُوقٌ, in three places.

خُنَاقَةٌ: see خُنَاقٌ.

خُنَاقِيَّةٌ A certain disease in the throats of birds and horses: (K:) or a certain disease that attacks the bird in its head, and the horse in its throat, and chokes it: (JK:) or a certain disease, or wind, that attacks men and horses or similar beasts in the throat, and sometimes attacks birds in the head and throat, mostly appearing in pigeons. (TA.) خَنَّاقٌ: see خَانِقٌ. b2: Also One who sells fish [taken] with the خَنَّاقَة [q. v.]. (TA.) خُنَّاقٌ: see خُنَاقٌ.

خَنَّاقَةٌ A snare with which beasts of prey are taken (JK, TA) by the throat: and a snare with which fish are taken in El-Andalus. (TA.) خَانِقٌ One who strangles; (Msb, TA; *) as also ↓ خَنَّاقٌ: (Mgh, Msb:) or the latter signifies one whose office it is to strangle. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] خَانِقُ الذِّئْبِ and خَانِقُ النَّمِرِ and خَانِقُ الكَلْبِ and خَانِقُ الكِرْسَنَّةِ [in the CK الكَرْسَنَّةُ] Four herbs: (K:) [the first and second, in the present day, wolfsbane, or aconite: or, as Golius says, referring for the former and latter respectively to Diosc. iv. 78 and 77, the former is the aconitum lycoctonon; and the latter, the aconitum pardalianches: the third, dogsbane, or colchicum; or, as Golius says, referring to Diosc. iv. 81, apocynon: and the fourth, strangle-weed, (because it strangles the كِرْسَنَّة, or bitter vetch,) or broomrape, i. e., as Golius says, referring to Diosc. ii. 172 and Ibn-Beytár, orobanche:] the first is high (مشرف [but perhaps this should be مُشْرِق i. e. shining]) in the leaves, downy, and resembling the دلب [?]: the second is like the tail of the scorpion, glistening, about a span [in height], and has not more than five leaves: each of these is of the [season called] رَبِيع; and they are poisonous; they kill all animals; the ذِئْب and the نَمِر being particularized only because of the quickness of its acting in them: Ibn-Seenà says, in the “ Kánoon,” the leaves of خانق النمر, when mixed with fat, and kneaded and baked with bread, and given as food to wolves and dogs and foxes and leopards (نمر), kills them: whence it seems that this may be two herbs or one herb. (TA.) b3: خَانِقٌ signifies also (tropical:) A narrow road or ravine, in a mountain: (S, * K, * TA:) or a narrow place or pass, between two mountains, and between two tracts of sand. (JK.) [See also مُخْتَنَقٌ.] b4: And (tropical:) A narrow street; syn. زُقَاقٌ; (S, K, TA;) in the dial. of the people of ElYemen. (S, TA.) b5: See also مَخْنُوقٌ, in two places.

خَانَقَاهٌ A convent inhabited by righteous and good men, and Soofees; an arabicized word, from [the Persian] خَانَهْ گَاهْ; [and post-classical, for] El-Makreezee says that the خانقاه was instituted in the fifth century of the Flight, for Soofee recluses to employ themselves therein in the service of God: (TA:) [pl. خَوَانِقُ.]

خَاَنقَاهِىٌّ A man of, or belonging to, a خَانَقَاه. (TA.) مَخْنَقٌ: see مُخَنَّقٌ, in two places.

مِخْنَقَةٌ A necklace, syn. قِلَادَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) that surrounds the neck; (Mgh, Msb;) wherefore it is thus called; (Msb;) [i. e., because] it lies against the مُخَنَّق: pl. مَخَانِقُ. (TA.) b2: See also خِنَاقٌ. [And see زِرَادٌ.]

مُخَنَّقٌ: see مَخْنُوقٌ. b2: [Hence,] غُلَامٌ مُخَنَّقُ الخَصْرِ (assumed tropical:) A boy slender in the waist. (K.) A2: Also The part, of the neck, which is the place of the cord [or the like] called خِنَاق [wherewith one is strangled]; (S, K; *) i. e., (TA,) the throat; (K, accord. to the TA; in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K ↓ مَخْنَق;) and so ↓ خُنَاقٌ, (S, K, in the former said to be syn. with مُخَنَّقٌ,) and ↓ خِنَاقٌ (K) and ↓ خَنْقٌ. (TA; and so, accord. to the TA, in the K.) You say, أَخَذْتُ بِمُخَنَّقِهِ [I seized his throat]. (S.) And أَخَذَهُ بِمُخَنَّقِهِ (K, accord. to the TA, but accord. to the CK and my MS. copy of the K ↓ بِمَخْنَقِهِ,) and ↓ بِخُنَاقِهِ and ↓ بِخِنَاقِهِ, i. e. [He took him, or seized him,] by his throat. (K.) And أَخَذَ بِمُخَنَّقِهِ (A in art. زرد) and ↓ بِخُنَاقِهِ (S) [properly He, or it, seized his throat, or throttled him, or choked him; meaning] (tropical:) he, or it, straitened him; as also أَخَذَ بِمُزَرَّدِهِ. (A in art. زرد.) And أَخَذَ مِنْهُ بِالمُخَنَّقِ (tropical:) He, or it, constrained him, and straitened him. (TA.) And بَلَغَ مِنْهُ المُخَنَّقَ [properly It reached his throat; meaning (assumed tropical:) it straitened him, or distressed him]. (S.) بَلَغَ الأَمْرُ المُخَنَّقَ signifies the same as بَلَغَ المُذَمَّرَ, (A in art. ذمر,) which means (assumed tropical:) The affair, or case, or event, reached a distressing pitch. (K in art. ذمر.) مَخْنُوقٌ and ↓ خَنِقٌ and ↓ خَنِيقٌ (JK, K) and ↓ خَانِقٌ, applied to a man, [and to any animal, as also ↓ مُخَنَّقٌ, Throttled, or strangled, i. e. having his throat squeezed that he may die; but not always meaning, so as to be killed thereby; often meaning, simply, throttled, strangled, or choked;] (JK;) all signify the same; from خَنَقَهُ: (JK, K:) or ↓ خَانِقٌ, in the place of ↓ خَنِيقٌ, signifies ذو خناق [app. meaning having a خِنَاق, or cord, &c., by which he is throttled, or strangled, round his neck; or perhaps having a خُنَاق, or quinsy]: (TA:) and ↓ شَاةٌ خَنِيقَةٌ and ↓ مُنْخَنِقَةٌ signify a sheep, or goat, throttled, or strangled, i. e. having its throat squeezed that it may die: (Msb:) or the latter of these two means a sheep, or goat, throttled, or strangled, or choked, by itself (اِنْخَتَقَتْ بِنَفْسِهَا). (S, TA. [See 8.]) It is said in a prov., (Meyd,) اِفْتَدِ مَخْنُوقُ, (Meyd, K,) i. e. يَا مَخْنُوقُ [Ransom thyself, O thou who art throttled, or strangled, or choked]; applied to any one distressed and constrained; (Meyd;) meaning free thyself from difficulty (K, TA) and harm: (TA:) or, as some relate it, اِفْتَدَى مَخْنُوقٌ [One throttled, or strangled, or choked, ransomed himself]. (Meyd.) مُخْتَنَقٌ A narrow place or pass. (S, TA.) [See also خَانِقٌ, near the end of the paragraph.]

مُخْتَنِقٌ (tropical:) A horse whose blaze occupies his jaws, (K, TA,) extending to the roots of his ears. (TA.) شَاةٌ مُنْخَنِقَةٌ: see مَخْنُوقٌ.