جَيْحُونُ:
بالفتح، وهو اسم أعجميّ، وقد تعسّف بعضهم فقال: هو من جاحه إذا استأصله، ومنه الخطوب الجوائح، سمي بذلك لاجتياحه الأرضين، قال حمزة: أصل اسم جيحون بالفارسية هرون، وهو اسم وادي خراسان على وسط مدينة يقال لها جيهان فنسبه الناس إليها وقالوا جيحون على عادتهم في قلب الألفاظ، وقال ابن الفقيه: يجيء جيحون من موضع يقال له ريوساران، وهو جبل يتصل بناحية السند والهند وكابل، ومنه عين تخرج من موضع يقال له عندميس، وقال الإصطخري: فأما جيحون فإن عموده نهر يعرف بجرياب يخرج من بلاد وخّاب من حدود بذخشان وينضم إليه أنهار في حدود الختل ووخش فيصير من تلك الأنهار هذا النهر العظيم وينضم إليه نهر يلي جرياب يسمى بأخش، وهو نهر هلبك مدينة الختّل، ويليه نهر بربان والثالث نهر فارعي والرابع نهر أنديخارع والخامس نهر وخشاب، وهو أغزر هذه الأنهار، فتجتمع هذه الأنهار قبل أن تجتمع مع وخشاب وقبل القواديان ثم ترتفع إليه بعد ذلك أنهار البتّم وغيره، ومنها أنهار الصغانيان وأنهار القواديان فتجتمع كلها وتقع إلى جيحون بقرب القواديان، وماء وخشاب يخرج من بلاد الترك حتى
يظهر في أرض وخش ويسير في جبل هناك حتى يعبر قنطرة، ولا يعلم ماء في كثرته يضيق مثل ضيقه في هذا الموضع، وهذه القنطرة هي الحد بين الختّل وواشجرد، ثم يجري هذا الوادي في حدود بلخ إلى التّرمذ ثم يمرّ على كألف ثم على زمّ ثم آمل ثم درغان، وهي أول أرض خوارزم، ثم الكاث ثم الجرجانية مدينة خوارزم، ولا ينتفع بهذا النهر من هذه البلاد التي يمرّ بها إلّا خوارزم لأنه يستقبل عنها، ثم ينحدر من خوارزم حتى ينصب في بحيرة تعرف ببحيرة خوارزم، وهي بحيرة بينها وبين خوارزم ستة أيام، وهو في موضع أعرض من دجلة، وقد شاهدته وركبت فيه ورأيته جامدا، وكيفية جموده أنه إذا اشتدّ البرد وقوي كلبه جمد أوّلا قطعا ثم تسري تلك القطع على وجه الماء فكلما ماسّت واحدة الأخرى التصقت بها ولا تزال تعظم حتى يعود جيحون كله قطعة واحدة، ولا يزال ذلك الجامد يثخن حتى يصير ثخنه نحو خمسة أشبار وباقي الماء تحته جار، فيحفر أهل خوارزم فيه آبارا بالمعاول حتى يخرقــوه إلى الماء الجاري ثم يستقوا منه الماء لشربهم ويحملوه في الجرار إلى منازلهم فلا يصل إلى المنزل إلّا وقد جمد نصفه في بواطن الجرّة، فإذا استحكم جمود هذا النهر عبرت عليه القوافل والعجل بالبقر، ولا يبقى بينه وبين الأرض فرق حتى رأيت الغبار يتطاير عليه كما يكون في البوادي، ويبقى على ذلك نحو شهرين فإذا انكسرت سورة البرد تقطّع قطعا كما بدأ في أول مرة إلى أن يعود إلى حالته الأولى، وتظلّ السفن في مدة جماده ناشبة فيه لا حيلة لهم في اقتلاعها منه إلى أن يذوب، وأكثر الناس يبادرون برفعها إلى البر قبل الجماد، وهو يسمى نهر بلخ مجازا لأنه يمر بأعمالها، فأما مدينة بلخ فإن أقرب موضع منه إليها مسيرة اثني عشر فرسخا.

زلق

1 زَلِقَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. زَلَقٌ; (TA;) and زَلَقَ, aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. زَلْقٌ; (TA;) He slipped; syn. زَلَّ; (K, TA;) for which ذَلَّ is erroneously put in [some of] the copies of the K. (TA. [See also 5.]) And زَلِقَتْ رِجْلُهُ, (S,) or القَدَمُ, (Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. زَلَقٌ, (S, Msb,) His foot, (S,) or the foot, (Msb,) slipped, (S,) or did not remain firm, or fixed, in its place. (Msb.) The former is also said of an arrow, [app. as meaning It slid along the ground,] like زَهِقَ [q. v.]. (JK in art. زهق.) b2: زَلِقَ بِمَكَانِهِ and زَلَقَ, He was, or became, disgusted by, or with, his place, or he loathed it, and removed, withdrew, or retired to a distance, from it. (K, TA.) b3: زَلَقَتْ, said of a she-camel, She was, or became, quick, or swift. (O, TA.) A2: زَلَقَهُ: see 4. b2: زَلَقَهُ عَنْ مَكَانِهِ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. زَلْقٌ, (TA,) He removed him from his place. (K, TA.) Hence the reading of Aboo-Jaafar and Náfi', [in the Kur lxviii. 51,] وَإِنْ يَكَادُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَيَزْلِقُونَكَ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ, meaning [And verily they who have disbelieved almost] smite thee with their evil eyes so as to remove thee from thy station in which God has placed thee, by reason of enmity to thee. (TA. [Or this reading may be rendered agreeably with the common reading: see 4.]) b3: زَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. زَلْقٌ, (S,) He shaved his head; as also ↓ ازلقهُ; and ↓ زلّقهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَزْلِيقٌ: (S:) IB says that, accord. to 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh, it is only زَبَقَهُ, with ب; and that الزَّبْقُ means the plucking out; not the shaving: but accord. to Fr, one says of him who has shaved his head قد زلقه, [whether with or without teshdeed is not shown,] and ازلقه. (TA.) 2 زلّق, [inf. n. تَزْلِيقٌ,] He made a place slippery, (K, TA,) so that it became like the مَزْلَقَة; and thus too though there be no water therein. (TA.) b2: Accord. to the O and K, [the inf. n.]

تَزْلِيقٌ also signifies The anointing the body with oils and the like, so that it becomes like the مَزْلَقَة; to which is added in the O, and though it be without water: but this is a confusion of two meanings; one of which is the first expl. above in this paragraph; and the other is, the anointing the body with oils and the like; as in the L and the Tekmileh. (TA.) b3: See also 4. b4: And see 1, last sentence. b5: زلّق الحَدِيدَةَ He made the iron thing to be always sharp. (K.) b6: رلّقهُ بِبَصَرِهِ, inf. n. as above, He looked sharply, or intently, at him, or it. (Ez-Zejjájee, TA.) b7: See also 2, last sentence, in art. دلص.4 ازلقهُ He made him to slip; as also ↓ زَلَقَهُ. (K.) All the readers except those of El-Medeeneh read, [in the Kur lxviii. 51,] وَإِنْ يَكَادُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَيُزْلِقُونَكَ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ, meaning [and verily those who have disbelieved] almost make thee to fall by their looking hard at thee, with vehement hatred: so accord. to El-'Otbee: or the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) [almost] smite thee with their [evil] eyes: (TA:) [it is also said that] ازلق فُلَانًا بِبَصَرِهِ means (tropical:) he looked at such a one with the look of a person affected with displeasure, or anger: (K:) or so نَظَرَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ فَأَزْلَقَهُ بِبَصَرِهِ: (JM, TA:) and in this sense, also, is expl. the saying in the Kur mentioned above. (TA.) One says also ازلق رِجْلَهُ, (S,) or القَدَمَ, (Msb,) He made his (another's) foot to slip, (S,) or he made the foot not to remain firm, or fixed, in its place; and so ↓ زَلَّقَهَا. (Msb.) b2: ازلقت, said of a camel, (S, K, TA,) and of a mare, (TA,) She cast her young one; syn. أَسْقَطَتْ; (S, TA;) or أَجْهَضَتْ [q. v.]: (K:) or she (a mare) cast forth her young one completely formed: or, as some say, [her fœtus] not completely formed: (JK:) and you say also, ازلقت بِجَنِينِهَا, like أَمْلَصَتْ به [q. v.]: (Abu-l- 'Abbás, TA in art. ملص:) or ازلقت وَلَدَهَا is said of a female [of any kind], and means she cast forth her young one before it was completely formed. (Mgh.) b3: See also 1, last sentence.5 تزلّق He, or it, slipped, or slid, along; (KL;) like تزلّج. (S and TA in art. زلج. [See also 1.]) One says, تزلّقت الغُدَّةُ بَيْنَ الجِلْدِ وَاللَّحْمِ [The ganglion slipped about between the skin and the flesh]. (M in art. ديص.) b2: [Also It was, or became, smooth, or slippery: a signification indicated in the M, in art. ملس, where it is coupled with اِسْتَوَى.] b3: He anointed his body with oils and the like. (JK.) b4: He ornamented, or adorned, himself; (Aboo-Turáb, K, TA;) as also تزبّق: (Aboo-Turáb, TA:) and led an easy, and a soft, or delicate, life, so that his colour, and the exterior of his skin, had a shining, or glistening. (K, TA.) زَلْقٌ: see the next paragraph.

مَكَانٌ زَلَقٌ, (S,) or زَلَقٌ [alone], (K,) which is originally an inf. n., (S,) and ↓ زَلِقٌ and ↓ زَلْقٌ (K) and ↓ زَلَاقَةٌ and ↓ مَزْلَقٌ and ↓ مَزْلَقَةٌ, (S, K, TA, [the last two erroneously written in the CK مِزْلَق and مِزْلَقَة,]) all signify the same; (K;) A slippery place; a place on which the foot does not remain firm, or fixed. (S, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xviii. 38], فَتُصْبِحَ صَعِيدًا زَلَقًا, i. e., [So that it shall become] smooth ground, with nothing in it, or with no plants in it: or, accord. to Akh, such that the feet shall not stand firmly upon it. (TA.) A poet says, (TA,) namely, Mohammad Ibn-Besheer, (Ham p. 551,) قَدِّرْ لِرِجْلِكَ قَبْلَ الخَطْوِ مَوْقِعَهَا فَمَنْ عَلَا زَلَقًا عَنْ غِرَّةٍ زَلَجَا [Appoint for thy foot, before the stepping, its place upon which it shall fall, or, as in the Ham p. 522, simply its place, (مَوْضِعَهَا,)] for he who goes upon a slippery place, in consequence of inadvertence, slips]. (TA.) b2: زَلَقٌ also signifies The rump of a horse or similar beast. (S, K, TA.) زَلِقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: Applied to a man, Quickly angry (O, K) at what is said. (O) b3: And, (T, S, K,) as also ↓ زُمَلِقٌ (T, S, and K in art. زملق) and ↓ زُمَّلِقٌ and ↓ زُمَالِقٌ, (S, and K in art. زملق,) applied to a man, (T, S,) Qui semen emittit quum verba mulieri facit, sine congressu: (T, TA:) or qui semen emittit ante initum. (S, K.) زَلَقَةٌ A smooth rock; (K;) as also زَلَفَةٌ. (K in art. زلف.) b2: And, (Az, K,) as also the latter word, (Az, TA,) A mirror. (Az, K. [In the CK, المَرْأَةُ is erroneously put for المِرْآةُ.]) نَاقَةٌ زَلُوقٌ A quick, or swift, she-camel; (Az, K;) as also زَلُوجٌ. (Az, TA.) b2: And عُقْبَةٌ زَلُوقٌ [and زَلُوجٌ and زَلُوخٌ, in the CK, erroneously, عَقَبَةٌ,] A far-extending [stage of a journey]. (K, TA.) زَلِيقٌ i. q. سِقْطٌ [meaning A young one, or fœtus, that falls from the belly of the mother abortively, or in an immature, or imperfect, state, or dead, but having the form developed, or manifest]. (S, K.) زَلَاقَةٌ: see زَلَقٌ.

زُلَّيْقٌ The smooth peach; (S, K;) called in Pers\.

شِيفْتَهْ رَنْگ. (S.) زُمَلِقٌ and زُمَّلِقٌ and زُمَالِقٌ: see زَلِقٌ.

زِيحٌ زَيْلَقٌ A wind swift in its passage. (Kr, TA.) الزَّالُوقُ the name of a shield belonging to the Prophet; meaning That from which the weapon slips off, so that it does not wound the bearer. (TA.) أَزْلَقُ (K in art. دلص) Hairless and glistening in body. (TK in that art.) مَزْلَقٌ: see زَلَقٌ.

مَزْلَقَةٌ: see زَلَقٌ. [Hence,] one says, هُوَ عَلَى

مَزْلَقَةِ البَاطِلِ [He is on the slippery way of false religion or the like]. (MF voce جَادَّةٌ, q. v.) مِزْلَاقٌ i. q. مِزْلَاجٌ, (K,) a dial. var. of the latter word, [q. v.,] meaning The thing by means of which a door is closed, or made fast, and which is opened without a key. (S, K.) b2: Also A mare [or other female (see 4)] that often casts her young; (S, K;) i. e., that usually does so; and applied in this sense to a camel. (TA.)