هش

1 هَشَّ, aor. ـِ (JK, TA;) or ـّ secpers. هَشِــشْتَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) inf. n. هَشَــاشَةٌ (JK, A, Msb, TA) [and هُشُــوشَةٌ and هُشُــوشٌ and هَشٌّ, as appears from what follows]; It, (a thing) was, or became, soft, yielding, flaccid, flabby, lax, slack, uncompact, crummy, fragile, frangible, brittle, friable, easily or quickly broken; (JK, A, Msb, TA;) syn. كَانَ فِيهِ رَخَاوَةٌ, (JK,) or كَانَ رِخْوًا لَيِّنًا, (A, * TA,) or لَانَ وَاسْتَرْخَى. (Msb.) You say, هَشَّ الخُبْزُ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. هُشُــوشَةٌ (K) and هَشٌّ, (TA,) meaning, صار هَشًّــا; (S, K;) i. e., The bread became [soft, &c., or] easy to break. (TA.) And هَشَّ العُودُ, (IAar, Msb,) aor. ـِ or]

هَشَ3َ, (Msb,) inf. n. هُشُــوشٌ, (IAar, Msb,) The wood, or stick, broke in pieces: (IAar:) or became easily or quickly broken. (Msb.) and هَشَّــتِ الشَّجَرَةُ, inf. n. هَشٌّ, The tree dropped its leaves, one after another. (Msb [in which it seems to be indicated that the aor. of the verb in this sense is هَشُّ; but this is contr. to rule in an intrans. verb of this class; and I think it improbable.]) b2: هَشَّ, inf. n. هُشُــوشَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became weak; unable to endure difficulty or distress. (TA.) And هَشَّ, aor. ـِ (assumed tropical:) He affected languor, or languidness; syn. تَكَسَّرَ: and he became old, or aged. (TA.) A2: هَشَّ, (Msb, K,) first Pers\. هَشِــشْتُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) and هَشَّ, first Pers\. هَشَــشْتُ, aor. ـِ (Msb, K;) inf. n. هَشَــاشَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and هَشَــاشٌ; (A, K;) (tropical:) He was, or became, cheerful, brisk, lively, or sprightly: (S, K:) or he smiled, and was, or became cheerful, brisk, lively, or sprightly. (Msb.) You say, هَشِــشْتُ بِفُلَانٍ, (S, TA,) and هَشَــشْتُ بِهِ, (TA,) (tropical:) I was, or became, cheerful, &c. in behaviour towards such a one: (S:) or I was, or became cheerful in countenance, or joyful, or pleased, at meeting with such a one. (TA.) and هُوَ يَــهَشُّ إِلَى إِخْوَانِهِ, (tropical:) He is cheerful, &c., towards his brethren]. (A.) And بِى ↓ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَاهْتَشَّ (tropical:) [I went in to him, and he was cheerful, &c., in his behaviour towards me]; like إِهْتَزَّ لى. (A, * TA.) And هَشِــشْتُ لِلْمَعْرُوفِ, (JK, TA, *) and هَشَــشْتُ, (TA,) inf. n. هَشَــاشَةٌ (S) and هَشَــاشٌ, (A,) (tropical:) I was, or became, cheerful, brisk, &c., to do what was kind, or beneficent: (S, * TA:) or I desired to do it: (JK:) and إِهْتَشَشْتُ ↓ للمعروف I was, or became, cheerful, &c., and desirous, to do what was kind, or beneficent. (TA.) And هُوَ ذُو هَشَــاشٍ إِلَى الخَيْرِ (tropical:) [He possesses cheerfulness, briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, of disposition to do good]. (A.) Accord. to Sh, هَشِــشْتُ signifies (assumed tropical:) He rejoiced, and desired; or was, or became, joyful, and desirous. (TA.) And the phrase هَشِــشْتُ إِلَى امْرَأَتِى, if correct, means either (assumed tropical:) I inclined towards my wife, or I was, or became, brisk, or sprightly, in disposition towards her. (Mgh.) And accord to ISd, هَشَــاشُ القَوْمِ [so in the TA, but accord. to the JK هَشَــاهِشُ,] (assumed tropical:) The people's being in a state of commotion, or agitation. (TA.) A3: هَشَّ الوَرَقَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, K,) and هَشِّ, (Sgh, K,) inf. n. هَشٌّ, (S,) He beat the leaves with a staff, or stick, in order that they might fall; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ هَشْهَشَــهُ. (Z, TA.) It is said in the Kur, [xx. 19,] (S,) وَأَــهُشُّ بِهَا عَلَى غَنَمِى [And I beat the leaves with it in order that they may fall upon my sheep, or goats]: (S, A:) or, accord. to Fr, and I beat the dry trees with it in order that their leaves may fall so that my sheep, or goats, may feed upon them; and so says As: (TA:) Lth says, that الــهَشُّ signifies thy drawing towards thee a branch of a tree: and also, thy scattering its leaves towards thee with a staff, or stick: (JK, * TA:) but Az says, that the correct ex-planation is that given by Fr and As; not the former of the two explanations given by Lth. (TA.) [The verb also seems to have a similar application in a more extended sense; for it is said that] هَشَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَشٌّ, signifies He (a man) assaulted (صَالَ) with his staff, or stick. (Msb.) You say also, هَشَّ الــهَشِــيمَ He broke in pieces the dry herbage or the like. (TA.) 2 هشّــشهُ, (JK, K,) inf. n. تَــهْشِــيشٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He deemed him, or reckoned him, weak, or feeble, (JK, K, *) and soft, or gentle. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) He, or it, rendered him brisk, lively, or sprightly; and joyful, glad, or happy: (K:) and ↓ استــهشّــهُ (tropical:) it (a thing, JK, TA) incited him, or excited him, to briskness, liveliness or sprightliness; syn. إِسْتَخَفَّهُ. (JK, K, TA.) You say, ↓ فُلَانٌ مَا يَسْتَــهِشُّــهُ النَّعِيمُ (tropical:) [Such a one, weal, or welfare, does not excite him to briskness, &c.] (A, TA.) 8 اهتشّ He was, or became, cheerful, &c.: see 1, in two places.10 إِسْتَــهْشَ3َ see 2, in two places. R. Q. 1 هَشْهَشَــهُ: see 1, latter part. b2: He moved, or put in motion, or into a state of commotion, him, or it. (IDrd, K.) هَشٌّ A thing, (S, Msb,) or anything, (JK,) soft, yielding, flaccid, flabby, lax, slack, uncompact, crummy, fragile, frangible, brittle, friable, easily or quickly broken; (JK, * S, * A, * Msb, K, * TA;) syn. رِخْوٌ لَيِّنٌ; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ هَشِــيشٌ. (JK, S, K.) You say, خُبْزٌ هَشٌّ, (S, K,) and ↓ هَشَــاشٌ, (K,) Bread that is [soft, &c., or] easy to break. (TA.) And خُبْزَةٌ هَشَّــةٌ A lump of dough, baked in a fire in the ground, that is dry, or hard: asserted by IKtt to have two contr. significations. (TA.) [But to this assertion it may be replied, that dry bread is easy to break.] And in like manner, أُتْرُجَّةٌ هَشَّــةٌ A citron easy to break: or dry, or hard. (TA.) And عُودٌ هَشٌّ Wood, or a stick, that is easily, or quickly broken. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] هُوَ هَشٌّ المَكْسِرِ, (JK, S, A, K,) or المَكْسَرِ, (TA, [but this is contr. to all the other authorities that I know,]) and المُكَسَّرِ, (TA,) (tropical:) He is easy, or compliant, when asked: (A:) or he is of easy nature, or disposition, (JK, S, K,) with respect to what is sought, or demanded, of him, of things needed: (S:) said in praise of a man (S, TA) when it means [lit.] that he is not one whose wood gives only a sound when one endeavours to produce fire from it; but said in dispraise of a man when it means [lit.] that he is one whose wood is weak. (TA.) [And in like manner] ↓ هَشِــيشٌ (K) and ↓ هَاشٌّ (TA) signify (tropical:) One who rejoices, or is glad, when asked. (K, TA.) You say, هُوَ هَاشٌ ↓ عِنْدَ السُّؤَالِ, and ↓ هَشِــيشٌ, (tropical:) He is one who rejoices, or is glad, at being asked. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] رَجُلٌ هَشٌّ, (TA,) or رَجُلٌ هَشٌّ إِلَى إِخْوَانِهِ, and ↓ هَاشٌّ, (JK,) (tropical:) A man who is cheerful, brisk, lively, or sprightly, in his behaviour towards his brethren. (JK, TA.) And رَجُلٌ هَشٌّ بَشٌّ (tropical:) A man who is cheerful, brisk, lively, or sprightly: (S:) or cheerful in countenance; pleasant [therein]. (S, TA in art. بش.) And أَنَا بِهِ هَشٌّ بَشٌّ (tropical:) I am cheerful, brisk, lively, or sprightly, in behaviour towards him; (K;) joyful; happy. (TA.) And رَجُلٌ هَشٌّ فُؤَادُهُ (tropical:) A man quick, or prompt, to do good. (As.) And فَرَشٌ هَشُّ العِنَانِ (assumed tropical:) [A horse that is brisk, lively, or sprightly; lit.,] light of rein. (TA.) And فَرَسٌ هَشٌّ (tropical:) A horse that sweats much; (JK, IF, K;) contr. of صَلُودٌ; (S;) or not صلود. (A.) هَشُــاشٌ: see هَشٌّ, second sentence.

هَشُــوشٌ (assumed tropical:) A ewe, or she-goat, abounding with milk. (S, K.) هَشِــيشٌ Dry herbage, syn. هَشِــيمٌ, (K, TA,) for the horses of the people of الأَسْيَاف [app. meaning the shores of 'Omán] in particular. (TA.) A2: See also هَشٌّ, in three places. b2: Also, (assumed tropical:) A man who is niggardly towards his family, or others, with respect to food; syn. مُحْتِرٌ. (TA.) [Thus it bears two contr. significations.]

هَشِــيشَةٌ is thought by ISd to signify Leaves [app. beaten from a tree]. (TA.) قِرْبَةٌ هَشَّــاشَةٌ A water-skin from which the water flows by reason of its thinness. (K.) هَشْهَشَــةٌ (assumed tropical:) Motion; or commotion. (JK.) [هَشَــاهِشُ is app. its pl.: see 1, next before هَشَّ الوَرَقَ.]

هَشْــهَاشٌ (tropical:) Good in disposition; liberal, or bountiful. (IAar, K.) هَاشٌّ: see هَشٌّ, in three places.

مُــهَشْهِشَــةٌ, in the copies of the K erroneously written مُتَــهَشْهِشَــة, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A woman who manifests love to her husband, and rejoices in him. (K, * TA.)

نهس

1 نَهَسَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K, MS) and نَهِسَ; (Msb;) and نَهِسَهُ, aor. ـَ (Fr, K;) inf. n. نَهْسٌ (S, Msb, TA) and نُهْسٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, Msb) took it (namely flesh or flesh-meat) with his fore teeth, (S, A, Msb, K,) to eat it, (Msb,) and plucked it off; (A, K;) as also ↓ انتهسهُ: (S:) and he ate it off from a bone (تَعَرَّقَهُ) with his fore teeth: (Lh, TA:) or he pulled it off with the central incisors, to eat it: (TA:) and he took it with the fore part of his mouth; as also ↓ انتهسهُ: (A:) or he took it with his mouth: (IAth, TA:) or he took it with his mouth to bite it and make a mark upon it without wounding it: (TA, art. نــهش:) and he (a dog, and any animal having a canine tooth,) bit it: or seized it, and then pulled it, or pulled it vehemently, or rent it with his teeth: but there is a difference of opinion respecting this verb in all its significations: some say that it is with the unpointed س; and thus, only, it is mentioned by ISk, who says, I heard El-Kilábee say, of a dog and of a wolf and of a serpent, ↓ انتهسهُ and نَهَسَهُ; (Msb;) [and J says, the نَهْس of the serpent is the same as its نَــهْش; (S;) you say نَهَسَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ in the sense of نَــهَشَــتْهُ [the serpent bit him]: (Z, Sgh:) others say that the verbs are with س and ش throughout; and thus says IF on the authority of As: Az cites Lth as saying that نَــهْشٌ, with the pointed ش, signifies taking, or reaching, from a distance, like the نــهش of the serpent; and نَهْسٌ, with the unpointed letter, the seizing upon flesh, or flesh-meat, and pulling it, or pulling it vehemently, or rending it with the teeth: Th says that the latter is with the extremities of the teeth; and the former, with the teeth [absolutely], and with [those that are termed] the أَضْرَاس: IKoot says, like Lth, that one says of the serpent (الحَيَّة), نَــهَشَــتْهُ, with the pointed ش; and of the dog and wolf and hyena, نَهَسَهُ, with the unpointed letter. (Msb.) 8 إِنْتَهَسَ see 1, in three places.

نُهُوسٌ: see نَهَّاسٌ, in two places.

نَهِيسٌ: see مَنْهُوسٌ, in two places.

نَهَّاسٌ A dog that is wont to bite; (Msb;) and ↓ نَهُوسٌ, applied to a she-camel, signifies the same; (TA;) and the latter, a lion that bites a thing when able to do so: (IKh:) or the former, a dog that is wont to seize, and then pull, or pull vehemently, or rend with his teeth. (Msb.) b2: A lion; as also ↓ نَهُوسٌ and ↓ مِنْهَسٌ. (K.) b3: A wolf. (TA.) مَنْهَسٌ A place from which a thing [such as herbage &c.] is taken with the mouth and eaten: (K, * TA:) pl. مَنَاهِسُ. (TA.) You say, أَرْضٌ كَثِيرَةُ المَنَاهِسِ Land abounding in such places. (TA.) مِنْهَسٌ: see نَهَّاسٌ.

مَنْهُوسٌ A man having little flesh; (S, A, K;) [as though it were partly eaten off the bones;] as also ↓ نَهِيسٌ. (TA.) You say also, مَنْهُوسُ القَدَمَيْنِ, (A, K,) or الكَعْبَيْنِ, (TA,) A man (TA) having little flesh upon the feet, (A, * K, * TA,) or upon the ankles. (TA.) And وَظيفٌ

↓ نَهِيسٌ [A shank of a quadruped] light of flesh. (TA.) See also مَنْهُوشٌ.

رُصافَةُ الشام:
الرصافة في مواضع كثيرة، منها:
رصافة هشــام بن عبد الملك في غربي الرقّة بينهما أربعة فراسخ على طرف البريّة، بناها هشــام لما وقع الطاعون بالشام وكان يسكنها في الصيف، كذا ذكره بعضهم، ووجدت في أخبار ملوك غسان: ثمّ ملك النعمان بن الحارث بن الأيهم وهو الذي أصلح صهاريج الرصافة وصنع صهريجها الأعظم، وهذا يؤذن بأنّها كانت قبل الإسلام بدهر ليس بالقصير، ولعلّ هشــاما عمّر سورها أو بنى بها أبنية يسكنها، وقال أحمد بن يحيى: وأما رصافة الشام فإن هشــام بن عبد الملك أحدثها وكان ينزل فيها الزيتونة، قال الأصمعي: الزّوراء رصافة هشــام وفيها دير عجيب وعليها سور، وليس عندها نهر ولا عين جارية إنّما شربهم من صهاريج عندهم داخل السور، وربّما فرغت في أثناء الصيف فلأهل الثروة منهم عبيد وحمير يمضي أحدهم إلى الفرات العصر فيجيء بالماء في غداة غد لأنّه يمضي أربعة فراسخ أو ثلاثة ويرجع مثلها، وعندهم آبار طول رشاء كلّ بئر مائة وعشرون ذراعا وأكثر وهو مع ذلك ملح رديء، وهي في وسط البريّة، ولبني خفاجة عليهم خفارة يؤدّونها إليهم صاغرين، وبالجملة لولا حبّ الوطن لخربت، وفيها جماعة من أهل الثروة لأنّهم بين تاجر يسافر إلى أقطار البلاد وبين مقيم فيها يعامل العرب، وفيها سويق عدّة عشرة دكاكين، ولهم حذق في عمل الأكسية، وكلّ رجل فيها غنيّهم وفقيرهم يغزل الصوف ونساؤهم ينسجن، وهذه الرصافة عنى الفرزدق بقوله:
إلام تلفّتين وأنت تحتي، ... وخير النّاس كلّهم أمامي؟
متى تردي الرصافة تستريحي ... من الأنساع والجلب الدوامي
ولما قال الفرزدق هذين البيتين قال: كأنّي بابن المراغة وقد سمع هذين البيتين فقال:
تلفّت إنّها تحت ابن قين ... حليف الكير والفاس الكهام
متى تأت الرصافة تخز فيها، ... كخزيك في المواسم كلّ عام
وكان الأمر كذلك لم يخرم جرير حرفا ولا زاد ولا نقص لما بلغه معناه، وذكرها ابن بطلان الطبيب في رسالته إلى هلال بن المحسن فقال: وبين الرصافة والرحبة مسيرة أربعة أيّام، قال: وهذا القصر،
يعني قصر الرصافة، حصن دون دار الخلافة ببغداد مبني بالحجارة وفيه بيعة عظيمة ظاهرها بالفصّ المذهّب أنشأه قسطنطين بن هيلانة وجدّد الرصافة وسكنها هشــام بن عبد الملك وكان يفزع إليها من البقّ في شاطئ الفرات، وتحت البيعة صهريج في الأرض على مثل بناء الكنيسة معقود على أساطين الرّخام مبلّط بالمرمر مملوء من ماء المطر، وسكّان هذا الحصن بادية أكثرهم نصارى، معاشهم تخفير القوافل وجلب المتاع والصعاليك مع اللصوص، وهذا القصر في وسط بريّة مستوية السطح لا يردّ البصر من جوانبها إلّا الأفق، ورحلنا منها إلى حلب في أربع رحلات، وكان ابن بطلان كتب هذه الرسالة في سنة 440، وحدّث برصافة الشام أبو بكر محمد بن مسلم بن شهاب الزهري، فروى عنه من أهلها أبو منيع عبيد الله بن أبي زياد الرصافي، وكان الحجّاج من العلماء، كان أعلم الناس بخلق الفرس من رأسه إلى رجله وبالنبات، روى عنه هلال بن العلاء الرقي وغيره، وكان ثقة ثبتا حديثه في الصحيح، ومات في سنة 221، قاله ابن حباب. وقال محمد بن الوليد:
أقمت مع الزهري بالرصافة عشر سنين، وقال مدرك ابن حصين الأسدي وكان قدم الشام هو ورجل من بني عمّه يقال له ابن ماهي وطعن ابن ماهي فكبر جرحه فقال:
عليك ابن ماهي ليت عينك لم ترم ... بلادي وإن لم يرع إلّا درينها
ويا ذكرة والنفس خائفة الرّدى ... مخاطرة والعين يهمي معينها
ذكرت وأبواب الرصافة بينها ... وبيني وجعديّاتها وقرينها
وصفّين والنّهي الهنيء ولجّة ... من البحر موقوف عليها سفينها
بدائبة للحفر فيها عجاجة، ... وللموت أخرى لا يبلّ طعينها
وقال جرير:
طرقت جعادة بالرّصافة أرحلا ... من رامتين لشطّ ذاك مزارا
وإذا نزلت من البلاد بمنزل ... وقي النّحوس وأسقي الأمطارا