سو

أ1 سَآءَ, (Lth, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Lth, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْءٌ, (Lth, M,) or سَوَآءٌ, like سَحَابٌ, (K,) [but the former is that which is commonly known,] It (a thing, Lth, M) was, or became, evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly. (Lth, M, Msb, K.) It is used in this sense, (IKt, TA,) or [rather] is like بِئْسَ, (Bd, Jel,) in the Kur [xvii. 34], where it is said, سَآءَ سَبِيلًا [Evil, &c., is it as a way of acting]: (IKt, Bd, Jel, TA:) which is like the saying, سَآءَ هٰذَا مَذْهَبًا [Evil, &c., is this as a way of acting or believing, &c.]: the noun being in the accus. case as a specificative. (IKt, TA.) And so in the saying, سَآءَ مَا فَعَلَ فُلَانٌ صَنِيعًا [Evil, &c., as an action, is that which such a one has done]. (TA.) b2: One says also, سُؤْتُ بِهِ ظَنًّا, and أَسَأْتُ ↓ بِهِ الظَّنَّ , [lit. I was evil in opinion respecting him, or it, and I made the opinion respecting him, or it, to be evil, each virtually meaning I held, or formed, an evil opinion respecting him, or it,] the noun being determinate, with the article ال, in the latter case, (ISk, S, Msb, TA,) because it is an objective complement, for the verb is trans., (IB, TA,) and the noun being indeterminate in the former case, (IB, Msb, TA,) because it is in the accus. case as a specificative; (IB, TA;) but some allow it to be indeterminate after ↓ أَسَأْتُ, which is here the contr. of أَحْسَنْتُ. (Msb.) A2: It is also trans.: (Lth, TA:) you say, سَآءَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. سَوْءٌ (S, M, K) and (??), with damm also, (TA, [and said to be an (??)n. in the Ksh and by Bd in ii. 46, but as it is (??) entioned as an inf. n. in the S nor in the M (??) the K, but is expressly said in all these to (??)st., I think that is should be rejected, or (??) as a quasi-inf. n. like كَلَامٌ and ثَوَابٌ (??) سَوَآةٌ (K) and سَوَآءَةٌ (Az, M, K) and (??), K,) of the measure فَعَالِيَةٌ, like (??) M,) and سَوَايَةٌ, (S, M, K,) which is a contraction of that next preceding, (Kh, S, M,) and مَسَآءٌ (M, K) and مَسَآءَةٌ, (S, M, K,) originally مَسْوَأَةٌ, (Har p. 81,) and مَسَائِيَةٌ, which is originally مَسَاوِئَةٌ, (Kh, S, M, K,) and مَسَايَةٌ, (S, M, K,) which is a contraction of that next preceding, (Kh, S,) and مَسَائِيَّةٌ, (M, K,) this last written in the L with two ى s, [i. e. مَسَاييِةٌ,] (TA,) [He did evil to him;] he did to him that which he disliked, or hated; (M, K;) he displeased, grieved, or vexed, him; contr. of سَرَّهُ. (S.) One says, سُؤْتُ الرَّجُلَ, meaning I displeased, grieved, or vexed, the man by what he saw [or experienced] from me. (S.) And أَرَدْتُ مَسَآءَتَكَ and مَسَائِيَتَكَ [I desired to displease, grieve, or vex, thee]. (Lth, TA.) And إِنَّ اللَّيْلَ طَوِيلٌ وَلَا يَسُؤْ بَالُهُ [Verily the night is long, and may the state thereof not displease, grieve, or vex, me]: meaning لَا يَسُؤْنِى بَالُهُ; and expressing a prayer. (Lh, M. [In the TA, in the place of بَالُهُ is put ما له; as though meaning مَا لَهُ مِنَ الحَوَادِثِ or the like, i. e. its events, or accidents, &c.]) And لَهُ عِنْدِي مَا سَآءَهُ وَنَآءَهُ [I have, belonging to him, or I owe him, what grieved him, and oppressed him by its weight], and مَا يَسُوْؤُهُ وَيَنُوْؤُهُ [what does, or will, grieve him, &c.]. (S.) تَرَكَ مَا يَسُوْؤُهُ وَيَنُوْؤُهُ [He left, or has left, what will grieve him, and oppress him by its weight, on the day of judgment, by the responsibility that it has imposed upon him,] is a prov., said of him who has left his property to his heirs. (Meyd, TA.) It is said that El-Mahboobee was possessed of riches; and when death visited him, he desired to make a testament; so it was said to him, “What wilt thou write? ” and he answered, “Write ye, 'Such a one,' meaning himself, 'has left what will grieve him, and oppress him by its weight:' ” i. e., property which his heirs will devour, while the burden thereof will remain upon him. (Meyd, TA.) [See also 4.] b2: One says also, سُؤْتُ وَجْهَ فُلَانٍ, aor. ـُ inf. n. مَسَآءَةٌ and مَسَائِيَةٌ, (Lth, TA,) i. q. قَبَحْتُهُ [i. e. I said, May God remove the person (lit. the face) of such a one far from good, or prosperity, &c.]. (TA. [It is said in a copy of the M, that سُؤْتُ لَهُ وَجْهَهُ means قَبَّحْتُهُ: but I think that the right explanation is قَبَحْتُهُ, without tesh-deed, meaning I said to him, قَبَحَ اللّٰهُ وَجْهَكَ: see art. قبح.]) 2 سوّأ [He corrupted, or marred]. You say, سَوِّ وَلَا تُسَوِّئْ Rectify thou, and do not corrupt, or mar. (A, TA.) [See also 4.] b2: سوّأ عَلَيْهِ He said to him أَسَأْتُ [Thou hast done ill]. (M.) You say, سَوَّأْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَا صَنَعَ, (S,) or صَنِيعَهُ, (K,) i. e. فِعْلَهُ, (TA,) inf. n. تَسْوِئَةٌ and تَسْوِىْءٌ, I discommended to him what he had done, or his deed; and said to him أَسَأْتَ [Thou hast done ill]. (S, K.) And إِنْ أَسَأْتُ فَسَوِّئْ عَلَىَّ [If I do ill, say thou to me, Thou hast done ill]. (S.) 4 أَسَآءَ, [inf. n. إِسَآءَةٌ,] He did evil, or ill; or acted ill; contr. of أَحْسَنَ: (S, M, K:) [and so]

اسِآء فِى فِعْلِهِ. (Msb.) You say, اسآء إِلَيْهِ (S, K) and لَهُ and عَلَيهِ and بِهِ (TA) He did evil or ill, or acted ill, to him. (S, K, TA.) b2: [See also أَسْوَى, in several senses, in art. سوي.]

A2: اسآءهُ He corrupted it, or marred it; (M, K;) [did it ill;] did it not well; namely, a thing. (M.) It is said in a prov., أَسَآءَ كَارِهٌ مَا عَمِلَ [An unwilling person did ill what he did]; relating to a man who was compelled against his will, by another, to do a thing, and marred it, or did it not well: it is applied to the man who seeks an object of want and does not take pains to accomplish it. (M, Meyd. *) See also 1, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph. [And see 2.]8 استآء He experienced evil, or that which he disliked or hated, (S, * K, TA,) or displeasure, (TA,) or grief, or anxiety. (M, TA.) اِسْتَآءَ لَهَا occurs in a trad. as meaning He (the Prophet) became displeased, or grieved, or anxious, on account of it; i. e., on account of a dream that had been related to him: or, accord. to one relation, the right reading is اِسْتَآلَهَا, meaning “ he sought the interpretation of it, by consideration. ” (TA.) سَوْءٌ is an inf. n. of سَآءَ, (Lth, S, M, K,) intrans., (Lth, M,) and trans.: (S, M, K:) and is also used as an epithet, applied to a man, (M, Msb, and Ham p. 712,) and to an action. (Msb.) Yousay رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ (S, M, Msb, K) [A man of evil nature or doings; or] a man who does what is evil, displeasing, grievous, or vexatious: (M, TA:) and رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ [the man of evil nature or doings &c.]: (S, K:) and ذِئْبُ السَّوْءِ [the wolf of evil nature &c.], as in a verse cited voce أَحَالَ, in art. حول: (S:) and عَمَلُ سَوْءٍ [a deed of evil nature]: (M, Msb:) and عَمَلُ السَّوْءِ [the deed of evil nature]: (Ham p. 498:) and نَعْتُ سَوْءٍ [an epithet of evil nature]: (O and K in art. سحق:) and سَعْفُ سَوْءٍ a bad commodity: (O and TA in art. سعف:) and if you make the former word determinate [by means of the article ال], you use the latter as an epithet [also], (M, * Msb, and Ham, p. 712, *) and you say الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ [the evil man, or the man who does what is evil &c.]: (Msb, and Ham p. 712:) and العَمَلُ السَّوْءُ [the evil deed]: (Msb:) [this last phrase I hold to be correct, regarding السَّوْءُ in this case as originally an inf. n. of the intrans. verb سَآءَ, and therefore capable of being used as an epithet applied to anything; though] IB says that السَّوْءُ used as an epithet is applied to a man but not to a deed: (TA:) [in what here follows from the S, denying the correctness of another phrase mentioned above on the authority of lexicologists of high repute, there is, in my opinion, an obvious mistranscription, twice occurring, السَّوْءُ for السُّوْءُ, which I suppose to have passed from an early copy of that work into most other copies thereof, for I find it alike in all to which I have had access:] Akh says, one should not say الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ, though one says الحَقُّ اليَقِينُ as well as حَقُّ اليَقِينِ; for السَّوْءُ is not the same as الرَّجُلُ, but اليَقِينُ is the same as الحَقُّ: he says, also, nor should one say, هٰذَا رَجُلُ السُّوْءِ with damm: (S:) [here the expres-sion “ with damm ” may perhaps be meant to refer to السوء in all of the three instances above; not in the last only:] IB says, [in remarking on this passage of the S, in which he appears to have read السُّوْء, with damm, in all of the three instances,] Akh allows one's saying رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ and رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ, with fet-h to the س in both; but not رَجُلُ السُّوْءِ, with damm to the س, because السُّوْءُ is a subst., meaning “ harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage,” and “ evilness of state or condition; ” and رَجُل is prefixed, as governing a gen. case, only to the inf. n.: and he adds that one says, هٰذَا الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ, not prefixing [the former noun to the latter, but using the latter as an epithet]. (TA.) b2: See also the next paragraph, in six places.

سُوْءٌ is the subst. from سَآءَهُ; (S, M, * K;) [so, app., accord. to the generality of the lexicologists;] or inf. n. (Ksh and Bd in ii. 46) of سَيِّئٌ, (Ksh ibid.,) or of سَآءَ, aor. ـُ (Bd ibid.,) or of سَآءَهُ [q. v.]; (TA;) signifying Evilness, badness, abominableness, foulness, or unseemliness; [and displeasingness, grievousness, or vexatiousness;] as, for instance, of natural disposition, and of doings: (Ksh ubi suprà:) vitious, immoral, unrighteous, sinful, or wicked, conduct: [hence, رَمَاهُ بِسُوْءٍ: see art. رمي:] anything disapproved, or disallowed; or regarded as evil, bad, abominable, foul, or unseemly: (S, TA:) [an evil action or event:] evilness of state or condition: harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage: (IB, TA:) anything that is mentioned as being سَيِّئ [i. e. evil, &c.]: (Lth, TA:) any evil, evil affection, cause of mischief or harm or injury, noxious or destructive thing, calamity, disease, or malady: (M, K, TA:) [pl. أَسْوَآءٌ, accord. to a general rule.] The saying مَا أُنْكِرُكَ مِنْ سُوْءٍ means I do not disacknowledge thee in consequence of سُوْء [i. e. evilness, &c.,] that I have seen in thee, but only in consequence of my little knowledge of thee. (S.) لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ السُّوْءَ وَالفَحْشَآءَ, in the Kur [xii. 24], is said by Zj to mean, [In order that we might turn away from him] unfaithfulness to his master, and adultery. (M, TA.) And سُوْءُ الحِسَابِ, in the Kur [xiii. 18, i. e. The evilness of the reckoning], is expl. by him as meaning a reckoning in which no good work will be accepted, and no evil work passed over; because infidelity will have made the former to be of no avail: or, as some say, it means a reckoning pursued to the utmost extent, in which no evil work will be passed over. (M, TA.) لَا خَيْرَ فِى قَوْلِ السُّوْءِ means There is no good in thy saying سُوْء [i. e. a thing that is evil; قول being here used in its original sense of an inf. n.]: but if you say ↓ السَّوْء, [you use قول in the sense of مَقُول, and] the meaning is, in evil speech. (TA as from the K, but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K.) سُوْءٌ accord. to one reading, and ↓ سَوْءٌ accord. to another, (K, TA, [but all that is given in this sentence as from the K is so given only on the authority of the TA, not being in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K]) the latter of which readings is the more common, (TA,) in the phrase دَائِرَةُ السّوء, (K, TA,) in the Kur [ix. 99 and xlviii. 6], (TA,) mean Defeat, and evil; (K, TA;) and trial, or affliction, and torment; (TA;) and perdition, and destruction, or corruption: (K, TA:) and in like manner in the saying, أُمْطِرَتْ مَطَرَ السّوءِ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxv. 42]: (TA:) or السُّوْء means harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; and evilness of state or condition; [as expl. before;] and ↓ السَّوْء, corruption, or destruction, or perdition: (K, * TA:) or السُّوْء in the phrase دَائِرَةُ السُّوْءِ means defeat and evil; and the reading ↓ السَّوْء is from [i. e. syn. with] المَسَآءَة [as inf. n.]. (S. [See also دَائِرَةٌ, in art. دور.]) Accord. to Zj, in the saying in the Kur [xlviii. 6], ↓ الظَّانِّينَ بِاللّٰهِ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ, (TA,) meaning ظَنَّ الأَمْرِ السَّوْءِ [i. e. Who opine, of God, the opining of the evil thing], (Bd,) it is allowable to read ظَنَّ السُّوْءِ; (T, TA;) and thus some read in this instance: (Jel:) but AM says, in the saying in the Kur [xlviii. 12], ↓ وَظَنَنْتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ [And ye opined the evil opining], it is read only with fet-h, and damm to the س is not allowable in this instance, for there is in it no meaning of trial, or affliction, and torment: (TA:) [for this distinction, however, I see no reason; and it is not correct; for] السوء is with fet-h and with damm to the س in the three sentences [whereof this last is one] in which it occurs in this chapter. (Jel.) b2: In the Kur vii. 188, it is said to mean (assumed tropical:) Diabolical possession; or insanity, or madness. (M, TA.) b3: (tropical:) Leprosy, syn. بَرَصٌ, (Lth, S, M, K, TA,) is said to be its meaning in the Kur xx. 23 and xxvii. 12 and xxviii. 32. (S, TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) The fire: so in the Kur xxx. 9, accord. to the reading السُّوْءَ: (K, TA:) said to mean there Hell: but the reading commonly known is ↓ السُّوْءَى. (TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Weakness in the eye. (K. [Thus, i. e. with damm to the س, in the CK and TK: in the TA said to be بالفتح; but this is evidently a mistake for بالضمّ.]) سَىْءٌ: see سَيِّئٌ.

سَوْءَةٌ The عَوْرَة [or pudendum], (S, Mgh, Msb,) i. e. (Msb) the فَرْج [which means the same, or the external portion of the organs of generation], (Lth, M, IAth, Msb, K,) of a man, and of a woman: (Lth, Msb, TA:) and the anus: (Az and TA in art. سوى:) dual سَوْءَتَانِ: and pl. سَوْآتٌ: so called because its becoming exposed to men displease [or shames] the owner thereof; (Msb;) or because of its unseemliness. (Ham p. 510.) In the Kur vii. 19, for سَوْآتِهِمَا, some read سَوَاتِهِمَا; and some, سَوَّاتِهِمَا. (Bd.) b2: In the Kur v. 34, it means The dead body, or corpse; (Bd, Jel;) because it is deemed unseemly to be seen. (Bd.) b3: Accord. to IAth, the former is the primary signification: and hence it is transferred to denote Any saying, or action, of which one is ashamed when it appears: (TA:) any evil, bad, abominable, foul, or unseemly, saying or action; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْآءُ: (M:) any disgracing action or thing: (Lth, TA:) an evil, abominable, or unseemly, property, quality, custom, or practics; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْآءُ, or ↓ سَوْءَى; (accord. to different copies of the K; [the latter perhaps fem. of ↓ أَسْوَأُ like the former, of the same class as دَفْأَى and دَنْأَى, or fem. of ↓ سَوْآنُ, like عَطْشَى fem. of عَطْشَانُ;]) or so both of these; (TA;) or so ↓ سَوْءَةٌ سَوْآءُ: (S:) [or this last means a property, &c., that is very evil &c.] One says, سَوْءَةً لِفُلَانٍ May a disgracing action or thing befall such a one; [or disgrace, or shame, to such a one;] using the accus. case because it is an expression of reviling and imprecation. (Lth, TA.) [See also سَيِّئَةٌ and سُوْءَى.] b4: ↓ السَّوْءَةُ السَّوْءَى [or ↓ السَّوْءَةُ السَّوْآءُ] also means The contrarious wife or woman. (TA.) سَايَةٌ as used in the saying ضَرَبَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ

سَايَةً is held by some to be originally with ء, and of the measure فَعْلَةٌ, from السَّوْءُ; so that the saying means Such a one did to such a one a thing that caused displeasure to him; and did evil to him: others hold that the saying means such a one made a way to do what he desired to such a one; in which case, ساية is of the measure فَعْلَةٌ from سَوَّيْتُ; originally سَوْيَةٌ, which is changed into سَيَّةٌ, and then into سَايَةٌ, in like manner as دِوَّانٌ is changed into دِيوَانٌ. (Aboo-Bekr, TA.) [See the same word in art. سوى.]

سَوْءَى: see سَوْءَةٌ, in two places.

سُوْءَى is [fem. of ↓ أَسْوَأُ, q. v., as meaning More, and most, evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly: and is also] a subst. signifying an evil, a bad, an abominable, a foul, or an unseemly, action; (Msb, TA;) i. q. فَعْلَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ [and سَيِّئَةٌ alone]: in this sense, [as well as in the former,] (TA,) contr. of حُسْنَى. (S, M, K, TA.) b2: In the Kur xxx. 9, (S, TA,) accord. to the reading commonly known, (TA,) [as contr. of الحُسْنَى,] السُّوْءَى means (assumed tropical:) The fire (S, K, TA) of Hell. (TA.) See also سُوْءٌ, last explanation but one.

سَوْآءُ: see أَسْوَأُ (of which it is said by some to be fem.) in two places: b2: and see also سَوْءَةٌ, in four places.

خَزْيَانُ سَوْآنُ is [app. an instance of the alteration of the latter of two epithets to assimilate it to the former, originally خَزْيَانُ أَسْوَأُ, meaning Ashamed, or base, or vile, or ignominious, and evil, bad, &c.,] from القُبْحُ. (M, TA.) b2: See also سَوْءَةٌ.

سَيِّئٌ, [originally سَيْوِئٌ (as will be shown below, voce سَيِّئَةٌ), then سَيْيِئٌ, and then سَيِّئٌ,] applied to a thing [of any kind], (Lth, TA,) Evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly; (Lth, Msb, TA;) contr. of حَسَنٌ: (Msb:) sometimes contracted into ↓ سَىْءٌ, like as هَيِّنٌ is contracted in هَيْنٌ, and لَيّنٌ into لَيْنٌ; as in the saying of Et-Tuhawee, وَلَا يَجْزُونَ مِنْ حَسَنٍ مِسَىْءٍ

وَلَا يَجْزُونَ مِنْ غِلَظٍ بِلِينِ [And they will not requite good with evil, nor will they requite roughness with gentleness]. (S.) You say قَوْلٌ سَيِّئٌ [An evil saying; or] a saying that displeases. (M, TA.) And فَعْلَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ [An evil action or deed]. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xxxv. 41], وَمَكْرَ السَّيِّئِ وَلَا يَحِيقُ الْمَكْرُ السَّيِّئٌ

إِلَّا بِأَهْلِهِ [And in the plotting of that which is evil; but the evil plotting shall not beset any save the authors thereof]. (M, TA.) One says also, فُلَانٌ سَيِّئُ الاِخْتِيَارِ [Such a one is evil in respect of choice, or preference]. (S.) [See also the next paragraph.]

سَيِّئَةٌ [fem. of سَيِّئٌ, q. v.: and also a subst., being transferred from the category of epithets to that of substs. by the affix ة], originally سَيْوِئَةٌ, (S,) An evil act or action; contr. of حَسَنَةٌ; (Msb;) a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience; or such as is intentional; a sin, a crime, or an act of disobedience for which one deserves punishment; syn. خَطِيْئَةٌ: (M, K:) pl. سَيِّئَاتٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., الحَسَنَةُ بَيْنَ السَّيِّئَتَيْنِ [The good act is between the two evil acts]; meaning that the exceeding of the just bounds is a سَيِّئَة, and the falling short thereof is a سَيِّئَة, and the pursuing a middle course between these two is a حَسَنَة. (TA.) [See also سَوْءَةٌ and سُوْءَى.] b2: Also; tropically, (tropical:) The recompense of a سَيِّئَة properly so termed [i. e. as expl. above]. (Msb in art. مكر.) b3: An evil, or evil accident; a calamity; a misfortune; (Ksh in iv. 81;) a trial, or an affliction; opposed to حَسَنَةٌ; (Ksh and Bd in iv. 80;) scarcity of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; straitness of circumstances; and unsuccessfulness; thus [likewise] opposed to حَسَنَةٌ in the Kur iv. 80. (Er- Rághib, TA in art. حسن.) أَسْوَأُ; fem. سُوْءَى: see the latter word. One says, هُوَ أَسْوَأُ القَوْمِ He is the most evil, &c., of the people, or party; syn. أَقْبَحُهُمْ: and هِىَ السُّوْءَى

She is the most evil, &c. (Msb.) And the [common] people say أَسْوَأُ الأَحْوَالِ, meaning The [worst, or] most scanty, and weakest, of states or conditions. (Msb.) A2: [Also,] applied as an epithet to a man, (El-Umawee, M, TA,) Evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly: (ElUmawee, M, K, TA:) fem. ↓ سَوْآءُ, (El-Umawee, M, K,) which is thus applied to a woman; (ElUmawee, S, M;) or this is an instance of the measure فَععلَآءُ having no [masc. of the measure]

أَفَعَلُ. (M, TA.) See also سَوْءَةٌ, in four places. It is said in a trad. (M, TA) of the Prophet, or of 'Omar, (TA,) وَلُودٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ حَسْنَآءَ عَقِيمٍ ↓ سَوْآءُ [An ugly prolific woman is better than a beautiful barren one]. (M, TA.) مَسَآءَةٌ an inf. n. of سَآءَهُ: (S, M, K:) and [also a subst. signifying An evil, as being] a cause of grief or vexation; contr. of مَسَرَّةٌ: originally مَسْوَأَةٌ: and therefore the pl. is ↓ مَسَاوٍ, for مَسَاوِئُ; (Msb;) signifying also vices, faults, defects, or imperfections; (S, Msb, K, TA;) and diseases; (S, TA;) and acts of disobedience: (Msb:) so in the saying, بَدَتْ مَسَاوِيهِ His acts of disobedience, and vices, faults, &c., appeared: (Msb:) and الخَيْلُ تَجْرِى عَلَى مَسَاوِيهَا Horses run, notwithstanding their vices, or faults, &c., (S, Meyd, K,) and diseases; (S, Meyd;) for their generousness impels them to do so: (S, Meyd, K: but omitted in the CK:) and in like manner, the ingenuous generous man bears difficulties, and defends, or protects, what he is bound to defend or protect, or to regard as sacred, or inviolable, though he be weak, and practises generosity in all circumstances: (Meyd, TA:) or it is applied in relation to the protection and defence of what should be sacred, or inviolable, or of wives, or women under covert, and the members of one's household, notwithstanding harm, or injury, and fear: or it means that one may seek to defend himself by means of a man though there be in him qualities disapproved: (MF, TA:) but accord. to Lh, المَسَاوِى has no proper sing., like المَحَاسِنُ: (Meyd, TA: *) accord. to some of the writers on inflection, it is the contr. of المَحَاسِنُ, and an anomalous pl. of السُّوْءُ, being originally with ء. (TA.) مَسَاوٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سوأ
: (} ساءَه) {يَسوءُه} سُوءًا بِالضَّمِّ و ( {سَوْءًا) بِالْفَتْح (} وَسَوَاءً) كسحاب ( {وسَوَاءَةً) كسَحَابةٍ وَهَذَا عَن أَبي زيد (} وَسَوَايَةً) كعَبَابَةِ ( {وَسَوَائِيَةً) قَالَ سِيبَوَيْهٍ: سأَلْتُ الخليلَ عَن} سُؤْتُه سَوَائِيَةً فَقَالَ: هِيَ فَعَالِيَة بمنزِلَة عَلاَنِيَةٍ ( {ومَسَاءَةً} ومَسَائِيَةً مَقْلُوباً) كَمَا قَالَه سِيبَوَيْهٍ، نقلا عَن الْخَلِيل (وَأَصْلُه) وحْدَه ( {مَسَاوِئَة) كَرهوا الْوَاو مَعَ الْهمزَة، لأَنهما حرفانِ مُستَثْقَلانِ (و) سُؤْتُ الرجلَ سَوَايَةً و (} مَسَايَةً) يُخَفَّفان، أَي حذفوا الْهمزَة تَخْفِيفًا كَمَا حَذفوا همزَة هَارٍ وَلاَثٍ كَمَا أَجمع أَكثرُهم على تركِ الْهَمْز فِي مَلَكٍ وأَصلُه مَلأَكٌ (! ومَسَاءً {وَمَسَائِيَّةً) هَكَذَا بِالْهَمْز فِي النّسخ الْمَوْجُودَة، وَفِي (لِسَان الْعَرَب) بالياءَين: (: فَعَلَ بِهِ مَا يَكْرَهُ) نقيض سَرَّه، (فاسْتَاءَ هُوَ) فِي الصَّنِيع مثل اسْتَاعَ، كَمَا تَقول من الغَمُّ اغْتَمَّ، وَيُقَال: ساءَ مَا فَعَل فلانٌ صَنِيعاً يَسُوءُ أَي قَبْحَ صَنيِعاً، وَفِي تَفسير الغَرِيب لِابْنِ قُتَيْبَة قَوْله تَعَالَى.
{} وَسَاء سَبِيلاً} (الْإِسْرَاء: 32) أَي قَبُحَ هَذَا الفعلُ فعْلاً وطَرِيقاً، كَمَا تَقول: ساءَ هَذَا مَذْهَباً، وَهُوَ مَنْصُوب على التَّمْيِيز، كَمَا قَالَ {وَحَسُنَ أُولَئِكَ رَفِيقاً} (النِّسَاء: 69) {واستاءَ هُوَ اسْتَهَمَّ وَفِي حَدِيث النبيّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلمأَن رجلا قصَّ عليهِ رُؤيا فاستاءَ لَهَا ثمَّ قَالَ: (خِلافَةُ نُبُؤّة ثمَّ يُوحتي اللَّهُ المُلكَ مَنْ يَشاء) : قَالَ أَبو عبيدٍ: أَراد أَن الرؤْيَا} ساءَتْه فاستاءَ لَهَا، افتعلَ من {المَسَاءَة، وَيُقَال: استاءَ فلانٌ بمكاني، أَي ساءَهُ ذَلِك، ويروى: (فاستآلَها) أَي طلب تَأْوِيلَها بالنَّظرِ والتأْمُّلِ، (والسُّوءُ، بِالضَّمِّ، الاسْمُ مِنْهُ) وَقَوله عز وَجل {1. 019 وَمَا مسنى السوء} (الْأَعْرَاف: 188) قيل: مَعْنَاهُ مَا بِي من جُنونٍ، لأَنهم نَسبوا النبيَّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلمإِلى الجُنون، والسُّوءُ أَيضاً بِمَعْنى الفُجور والمُنكر، وَقَوْلهمْ: لَا أُنْكِرُك من سُوءٍ، أَي لم يكن إِنكاري إِيَّاك من سُوءٍ رأَيتُه بك، إِنما هُوَ لِقِلَّة المَعرفة (و) يُقَال إِن السُّوءَ (البَرَصُ) وَمِنْه قَوْله تَعَالَى {تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآء مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوء} (طه: 2) أَي من غير بَرَصٍ، قَالَ اللَّيْث: أَما السُّوءُ فَمَا ذُكر} بِسَيِّىءٍ فَهُوَ السُّوءُ، قَالَ: ويُكْنَى بالسُّوءِ عَن اسْمِ البَرَصِ، قلت: فَيكون من بَاب الْمجَاز.
(و) ! السُّوءُ (كُلُّ آفَةٍ) ومَرضٍ، أَي اسمٌ جامِعٌ للآفات والأَمراض، وَقَوله تَعَالَى {كَذالِكَ لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ السُّوء وَالْفَحْشَآء} قَالَ الزّجاج: السُّوءُ:ضِدٌّ لقَولهم: هَذَا رَجُلُ صِدْقٍ، وثَوحبُ صِدْقٍ، وَلَيْسَ للسَّوْءِ هُنَا معنى فِي بَلاءٍ وَلَا عَذابٍ فَيُضَمّ، وقُرِىءَ قولُه تَعَالَى {عَلَيْهِمْ دَآئِرَةُ السَّوْء} (أَي الهُزيمة والشَّرِّ) والبلاءِ وَالْعَذَاب (والرَّدَي والفَسَاد وكَذَا) فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {أُمْطِرَتْ مَطَرَ السَّوْء} (الْفرْقَان: 40) بِالْوَجْهَيْنِ (أَو) أَن (المضموم) هُوَ (الضَّرَرُ) وسُوءُ الْحَال (و) السَّوْءُ (المفتوحُ) من المَسَاءَة مثل (الفَسَاد) والرَّدي (والنَّار، وَمِنْه) قَوْله تَعَالَى: ( {ثُمَّ كَانَ عَاقِبَةَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءواْ السُّوءى} (الرّوم: 10)) قيل هِيَ جَهَنَّم أَعاذَنا اللَّهُ مِنْهَا (فِي قِراءَة) أَي عِنْد بعض القُرَّاءِ، وَالْمَشْهُور السُّوأَى كَمَا يأْتِي (ورَجُلُ سَوْءٍ) بِالْفَتْح، أَي يَعملُ عمَلَ سَوْءِ (و) إِذا عَرَّفْتَه وصَفْتَ (بِهِ) تَقول: هَذَا رَجُلُ سَوْءِ بالإِضافة وتُدْخِل عَلَيْهِ الأَلف وَاللَّام فَتَقول هَذَا (رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ) قَالَ الفرزدق:
وكُنْتَ كَذِئْبِ السَّوْءِ لمَّا رَأَى دَماً
بِصَاحِبِهِ يَوْماً أَحَالَ عَلَى الدَّمِ
(بالفَتحِ والإِضافة) لَفٌّ ونَشْرٌ مُرتَّب، قَالَ الأَخفش: وَلَا يُقَال الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ، وَيُقَال الحَقُّ اليَقِينُ وحَقُّ اليَقِينِ، جَميعاً، لأَنّ السَّوْءَ لَيْسَ بِالرجلِ، واليَقينُ هُوَ الحَقُّ، قَالَ: وَلَا يُقَال هَذَا رَجُلُ السُّوءِ، بالضمّ، قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّيّ. وَقد أَجازَ الأَخفَشُ أَن يُقال رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ وَرَجَلُ سَوْءٍ، بِفَتْح الين فيهمَا، وَلم يُجِزْ رَجُل السُّوءِ بِضَم السِّين، لأَن السُّوءَ اسمٌ للضُّرِّ وسُوءِ الحالِ، وإِنما يُضاف إِلى الْمصدر الَّذِي هُوَ فِعْلُه، كَمَا يُقَال: رَجُلُ الضَّرْبِ والطَّعْنِ، فَيقومُ مَقَامَ قَوْلِك: رجلٌ ضَرَّابٌ وطَعَّانٌ، فَلهَذَا جَازَ أَن يُقال رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ بِالْفَتْح، وَلم يَجُزْ أَن يُقَال هَذَا رَجُلُ السُّوءِ، بالضمّ. وَتقول فِي النّكِرة رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ، وإِذا عرَّفتَ قلت: هَذَا الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ وَلم تُضِفْ، وَتقول هَذَا عَمَلُ سَوْءٍ، وَلَا تقل السَّوْءِ، لأَن السَّوْءَ يكون نَعْتاً للرجل، وَلَا يكون السَّوْءُ نَعْتاً للعَمل، لأَن الفِعل من الرجُل وَلَيْسَ الفِعل من السَّوْءِ، كَمَا تَقول: قوْلُ صِدْق والقَوْلُ الصِّدْقُ ورجُلُ صدْق وَلَا تَقول رجُلُ الصِّدْق، لأَن الرجل لَيْسَ من الصدقِ.
(و) السَّوْءُ بِالْفَتْح أَيضاً: (الضَّعْف فِي العيْنِ) .
( {والسُّوأَى) بِوَزْن فُعْلَى اسمُ الفَعْلَةِ} السَّيِّئَةِ بمنزِلة الحُسْنَى للحَسنة محمولَةٌ على جِهةِ النعْتِ فِي حدِّ أَفْعل وفُعْلَى {كالأَسْوَإِ} والسُّوأَى، وَهِي (ضِد الحُسْنَى) قَالَ أَبو الغُول الطُّهَوِيُّ وَقيل: هُوَ النَّهشَلِيُّ، وَهُوَ الصَّوابُ:
وَلاَ يَجْزُونَ مِنْ حَسَنٍ بِسُوأَى
وَلاَ يَجْزُونَ مِنْ غِلَظ بِلِينِ
(و) قَوْله تَعَالَى {ثُمَّ كَانَ عَاقِبَةَ الَّذِينَ {أَسَاءوا} السُّوأى} (الرّوم: 10) أَي عَاقِبَة الَّذين أَشركوا (النَّارُ) أَي نَار جهنّم أَعاذَنا الله مِنْهَا.
( {وأَساءَه: أَفْسده) وَلم يُحْسن عَمله، وأَساءَ فُلانٌ الخِياطَةَ وَالْعَمَل، وَفِي الْمثل (أَساءَ كارهٌ مَا عمِل) وَذَلِكَ أَن رجُلاً أَكْرهَه آخرُ على عملٍ فأَساءَ عملَه، يُضرب هَذَا للرجُل يُطْلَبُ (إِليه) الحاجةُ فَلَا يُبالغُ فِيهَا.
(و) يُقَال أَساءَ بِهِ، وأَساءَ (إِليه) ، وأَساءَ عَلَيْهِ، وأَساءَ لَهُ (ضِدٌّ أَحْسنَ) ، معنى واستعمالاً، قَالَ كُثَيِّر:
} أَسِيئي بِنَا أَوْ أَحْسِنِى لاَ ملُولَةٌ
لَديْنَا ولاَ مَقْلِيَّةٌ إِنْ تَقَلَّتِ
وَقَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: {وَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ بَى} (يُوسُف: 100) وَقَالَ عزَّ مِن قائلٍ {إِنْ أَحْسَنتُمْ أَحْسَنتُمْ لاِنفُسِكُمْ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا} (الْإِسْرَاء: 7) وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {وَمَنْ أَسَآء فَعَلَيْهَا} (فصلت: 46) وَقَالَ جلَّ وعزَّ {وَأَحْسِن كَمَآ أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ} (الْقَصَص: 77) .
( {والسَّوْأَةُ: الفَرْجُ) قَالَ اللَّيْث: يُطلق على فَرْجِ الرجُل والمرأَةِ، قَالَ الله تَعَالَى {بَدَتْ لَهُمَا} سَوْآتُهُمَا} (الْأَعْرَاف: 22) قَالَ:! فالسَّوْأَةُ: كلُّ عَمَلٍ وأَمْرٍ شائِنٍ، يُقَال: سَوْأَةً لفلانٍ، نَصْبٌ لأَنه شَتْمٌ ودُعَاءٌ. (والفاحِشَةُ) والعَوْرَةُ، قَالَ ابنُ الأَثير: السَّوْأَةُ فِي الأَصل: الفَرْجُ، ثمَّ نُقِل إِلى كُلِّ مَا يُسْتَحْيَا مِنْهُ إِذا ظهَرَ من قولٍ وفِعْل، فَفِي حَديث الحُدَيْبِيَة والمُغِيرة: وهَلْ غَسَلْتَ {سَوْأَتَكَ إِلاَّ الأَمْسَ أَشار فِيهِ إِلى غَدْرٍ كَانَ المُغِيرةُ فَعلَه مَعَ قَوْمٍ صَحبوه فِي الجاهِلِيَّة فقتَلَهم وأَخَذ أَموالَهم، وَفِي حَدِيث ابْن عبّاس فِي قَوْله جلّ وعزّ {وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ} (الْأَعْرَاف: 22) قَالَ: يَجعلانِه على} سَوْآتِهما، أَي على فُروجهما.
(وَ) السَّوْأَةُ: (الخَلَّةُ القَبِيحَةُ) أَي الخَصلَة الرَّديئة ( {كالسَّوْآءِ) وكُلُّ خَصْلَة أَو فعلة قبيحةٍ سَوْآءُ،} والسَّوْآءُ السَّوْآءُ: المرأَةُ المُخالِفة، قَالَ أَبو زُبيْدٍ فِي رجُل من طيِّيءٍ نَزَل بِهِ رجلٌ من بني شَيْبانَ فَأَضافَه الطائِيُّ وأَحسن إِليه وسقاه، فَلَمَّا أَسرع الشرابُ فِي الطائِيِّ افتخر ومدَّ يَده، فوثَب الشيبانيُّ فقطَع يَده، فَقَالَ أَبو زُبيْدِ:
ظَلَّ ضَيْفاً أَخُوكُمُ لأَخِينَا
فِي شَرابٍ ونَعْمةٍ وشواءِ
لَمْ يهَبْ حُرْمةَ النَّدِيمِ وحُقَّتْ
يَا لَقَوْمٍ للسَّوْأَةِ السَّوْآءِ
( {والسَّيِّئَةُ: الخَطهيئَةُ) أَصلُها سَيْوِئَة، قُلِبت الْوَاو يَاء وأُدْغِمت. فِي حدِيث مُطَرِّف قَالَ لابنِه لما اجتهدَ فِي العِبادةِ: خَيْرُ الأُمورِ أَوْسَاطُها، والحَسَنةُ بَين} السَّيِّئَتيْنِ، أَي الغُلُوُّ سيِّئَةٌ والتَّقصير {سيِّئَةٌ، والاقتصادُ بَينهمَا حسنةٌ، وَيُقَال: كلمةٌ حسنةٌ، وَكلمَة سَيِّئَةٌ، وفَعْلةٌ حسنةٌ، وفَعْلة سَيِّئَة، وَهِي} والسَّيِّىءُ عَملانِ قَبِيحانِ، وقَوْلٌ {سيِّىءٌ:} يسُوءُ، وَهُوَ نَعْتٌ للذَّكر من الأَعمال، وَهِي للأُنثى، واللَّهُ يعفُو عَن {السَّيِّئاتِ، وَفِي التَّنْزِيل الْعَزِيز {1. 020 35 ومكر} السيِّىء} (فاطر: 43) فأَضافه، وَكَذَا قولُه تَعَالَى {1. 020 وَلَا يَحِيق الْمَكْر السيىء إِلَّا بأَهْله} (فاطر: 43) وَالْمعْنَى مكْر الشِّرْكِ. وقرأَ ابنُ مَسْعُود ومَكْراً {سَيِّئاً، على النْعتِ، وقولُه:
أَنَّي جَزَوْا عامِراً} سَيْئًا بِفِعْلِهِمُ
أَمْ كَيْفَ يَجْزُونَنِي {السُّوأَى من الحَسَنِ
فإِنه أَراد} سَيِّئًا فَخفَّفَ، كَهيْن وهَيِّنٍ، وأَراد: من الحُسْنَى، فوضَع الحَسَن مَكَانَهُ، لأَنه لم يُمْكِنه أَكثَرُ من ذَلِك، وَيُقَال: فُلانٌ {سَيِّىءُ الاخْتِيارِ، وَقد يُخَفَّف، قَالَ الطُّهَوِيُّ:
ولاَ يَجْزُونَ مِنْ حَسَنٍ بِسَيْءٍ
ولاَ يَجْزُونَ مِنْ غِلِظٍ بلِينِ
(و) قَالَ اللَّيْث: (} ساءَ) الشيءُ يسُوءُ ( {سَواءً كسَحَاب) (فعْلٌ) لازِمٌ ومُجاوِزٌ، كَذَا هُوَ مضبوط، لكنه فِي قوْلِ اللَّيْث:} سَوْأً بِالْفَتْح بدل سَوَاءٍ، فَهُوَ سَيِّىءٌ إِذا (قَبْحُ، والنَّعْتُ) مِنْهُ على وزن أَفْعَل، تَقول رجُلٌ ( {أَسْوَأُ) أَي أَقْبَحُ (و) هِيَ (} سَوْآءُ) : قَبِيحةٌ، وَقيل هِيَ فَعْلاَءُ لَا أَفْعَلَ لَهَا، وَفِي الحَدِيث عَن النبيّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم (سَوْآءُ ولُودٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ حسْنَاءَ عَقِيمٍ) قَالَ الأُمويُّ: السَّوْآءُ: القبيحة، يُقَال للرجل من ذَلِك أَسْوأُ، مهموزٌ مقصورٌ، والأُنثى سَوْآءُ، قَالَ ابنُ الأَثيرِ: أَخرجه الأَزهريُّ حدِيثاً عَن النبيِّ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم وأَخرجه غيرُه حَدِيثا عَن عُمر رَضِي الله عَنهُ، وَمِنْه حدِيثُ عبدِ الملكِ بن عُميْرٍ: السَّوْآءُ بنتُ السَّيِّدِ أَحبُّ إِليَّ مِن الحسْنَاء بِنْتِ الظَّنُونِ. وَيُقَال: ساءَ مَا فَعَلَ فُلانٌ صنيعاً يسُوءُ، أَي قَبْحَ صَنيِعُه صَنيعاً ( {وسَوَّأَ عَلَيْهِ صَنيِعهُ) أَي فِعْلَه (} تَسْوِئَةً {وتَسوِيئًا: عَابَهُ عَلَيْهِ) فِيمَا صَنعَه (وَقَالَ لَهُ} أَسأْتَ) يُقَال: إِنْ أَخْطَاستُ فَخَطِّئْنِي، وإِنْ أَسَأْتُ {فَسَوِّيءْ عَليَّ، كَذَا فِي الأَساس، أَي قَبِّحْ عَليّ} إِساءَتي، وَفِي الحَدِيث: فَما {سَوَّأَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِك، أَي مَا قَالَ لَهُ أَسَأْتَ.
وَمِمَّا أَغفله المُصَنّف:
مَا فِي (الْمُحكم) : وَذَا مِمَّا} ساءَك وناءَك وَيُقَال: عِنْدِي مَا {ساءَهُ وناءَه، وَمَا} يَسُوءُه ويَنُوءَهُ.
وَفِي (الأَمثال) للميداني: (تَركَ مَا يَسُوءُهُ ويَنُوءُهُ) يُضرب لمن تَرك مالَه للْوَرَثَة، قيل: كَانَ المحبوبي ذَا يسارٍ، فَلَمَّا حضرتْه الوفَاةُ أَراد أَن يُوصِيع، فَقيل لَهُ: مَا نَكْتُب؟ فَقَالَ: اكتبوا: تَركَ فُلاَنٌ يعْني نَفْسه مَا يَسُوءُه ويَنُوءُه. أَي مَالا تأْكُلُه وَرَثَتُه ويَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ وِزْرَه.
وَقَالَ ابْن السّكيت: {وسُؤْتُ بِهِ ظَنًّا وأَسأْتُ بِهِ الظَّنَّ، قَالَ: يُثيتون الأَلف إِذا جاءُوا بالأَلف وَاللَّام، قَالَ ابْن برِّيّ: إِنما نَكَّر ظنًّا فِي قَوْله سُؤْت بِهِ ظنًّا لأَن ظَنًّا مُنتصب على التَّمْيِيز، وأَما} أَسأْت بِهِ الظَّنَّ، فالظَّنُّ مفعولٌ بِهِ، وَلِهَذَا أَتى بِهِ معرفَة، لأَن أَسأْتُ متعَدَ، وَقد تقدّمت الإِشارة إِليه.
وسُؤْتُ لَهُ وجْهَ فلانٍ: قَبَّحْتُه، قَالَ اللَّيْث: ساءَ يسوءُ فِعْلٌ لازِمٌ ومُجاوِزٌ.
وَيُقَال سُؤْتُ وجْهَ فُلانِ وأَنا {أَسُوءُه مَساءَةً ومَسائِيَة،} والمَسايَةُ لغةٌ فِي المساءَةِ تَقول: أَردت مَساءَتك {ومَسايَتَك وَيُقَال أَسأْتُ إِليه فِي الصُّنْع، وخَزْيَانُ} سَوْآنُ من القُبْحِ.
وَقَالَ أَبو بكر فِي قَوْله: ضَربَ فلانٌ على فلانٍ سَايةً: فِيهِ قَولَانِ: أَحدهما السَّايَةُ: الفَعْلَةُ من السَّوْءِ فتُرِك همزُها، وَالْمعْنَى فَعَل بِهِ مَا يُؤَدِّي إِلى مكروهه والإِساءَةِ بِهِ، وَقيل: مَعْنَاهُ: جَعَل لما يُرِيد أَن يَفعله بِهِ طَرِيقا، فالسَّايَةُ فَعْلَةٌ من سَوَيْتُ، كَانَ فِي الأَصل سَوْيَة، فَلَمَّا اجْتمعت الواوُ والياءُ والسابقُ ساكِنٌ، جعلوها يَاء مُشدَّدَةً، ثمَّ استثقلوا التَّشْدِيد فأَتْبَعُوهما مَا قبله، فَقَالُوا: سَايَةٌ، كَمَا قَالُوا دِينَار ودِيوَان وقِيراط، والأَصل دِوَّان فاستَثْقلوا التشديدَ فأَتبعوه الكسرةَ الَّتِي قبله.
وَيُقَال إِن الليلَ طَوِيلٌ وَلَا يَسُوءُ بالُه، أَي! يسوءُني بالُه، عَن اللِّحيانيِّ، قَالَ وَمَعْنَاهُ الدعاءُ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {أُوْلَئِكَ لَهُمْ سُوء الْحِسَابِ} (الرَّعْد: 18) قَالَ الزجّاج: سُوءُ الحِساب: لَا يُقبل مِنْهُم حسنةٌ وَلَا يُتَجاوز عَن سَيِّئة لأَن كُفْرَهم أَحبط أَعمالَهم، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى {الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ} (مُحَمَّد: 1) وَقيل: سُوءُ الْحساب أَن يُسْتَقْصَي عَلَيْهِ حِسابُه وَلَا يُتَجاوز لَهُ (عَن) شيءٍ من {سَيِّآتِه، وكِلاهما فِيهِ، أَلاَ تراهم قَالُوا: من نُوقِشَ الحِساب عُذِّب.
وَفِي الأَساس: تَقول: سَوِّ ولاَ} تُسوِّىءْ، أَي أَصْلِح وَلَا تُفْسِدْ.
(وبنُو {سُوأَةَ بِالضَّمِّ: حيٌّ) من قيس ابْن عليَ كَذَا لِابْنِ سَيّده.
(} وسُوَاءَةُ كَخُرافَة: اسمٌ) وَفِي (العُباب) : من الأَعلام، كَذَا فِي النّسخ الْمَوْجُودَة بتكرير سُوَاءَةَ فِي محلَّين، وَفِي نُسْخَة أُخرى بَنو أُسْوَة كَعُرْوَة، هَكَذَا مضبوط فَلَا أَدري هُوَ غلط أَم تحريفٌ، وَذكر القَلْقَشَنْدِيّ فِي (نِهاية الأَرب) بَنو سُوَاءَةَ ابنِ عامرِ بن صَعْصَة، بطْنٌ من هَوَازِن من العَدْنانية، كَانَ لَهُ ولدان حَبِيبٌ وحُرْثان قَالَ فِي (العِبَر) : وشعوبهم فِي بني حُجَير بن سُواءَة.
قلت: وَمِنْهُم أَبو جُحَيْفة وَهْب بن عبد الله المُلَقَّب بالخَيْر! السُّوائِيّ، رَضِي الله عَنهُ، روى لَهُ البُخَارِيّ وَمُسلم وَالتِّرْمِذِيّ، قَالَ ابْن سعد: ذكرُوا أَن رَسُول الله صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلمتُوُفِّي وَلم يبلغ أَبو جُحيفَة الحُلُم، وَقَالَ: تُوفِّي فِي ولَايَة بِشْر بن مَرْوان، يَعْنِي بالكُوفة، وَقَالَ غَيره: مَاتَ سنة 74 فِي ولَايَة بِشْر، وعَوْنُ بنُ جُحَيْفَة سَمِع أَباه عِنْدهمَا، والمنذريّ حرر عِنْد مُسلم، كلّ ذَلِك فِي (رجال الصَّحِيحَيْنِ) لأَبي طَاهِر المَقْدِسي.
وَفِي أَشجع بَنو سُوَاءَة بن سُلَيم، وَقَالَ الْوَزير أَبو الْقَاسِم المغربي: وَفِي أَسد سُوَاءَة بن الْحَارِث بن سعد بن ثَعْلَبة بن دُودَان بن أَسَدَ، وسُوَاءَة بن سَعْد بن مَالك بن ثَعْلبة بن دُودَان بن أَسد، وَفِي خَثْعَم سُوَاءَة بن مَنَاة بن نَاهِس بن عِفْرِس بن خَلَف بن خَثْعم.
(و) قَوْلهم: (الخَيْلُ تَجرِي عَلَى مَسَاوِيها، أَي) أَنها (وإِن كَانَت بهَا عُيُوبٌ) وأَوْصابٌ (فإِنَّ كَرَمَها) مَعَ ذَلِك (يَحْمِلُهَا على) الإِقدام و (الجَرْيِ) . وَهَذَا الْمثل أَورده الميدانيّ والزمخشريّ، قَالَ الميدانيّ بعد هَذَا: فَكَذَلِك الحُرُّ الكريمُ يَحتمِل المُؤَنَ، ويحْمِي الذِّمار وإِن كَانَ ضَعِيفا، ويستعمِل الكَرَمَ على كلِّ حَال، وَقَالَ اليوسي فِي زهرا لأكم: إِنه يُضْرب فِي حِمَاية الحَرِيم والدَّفع عَنهُ مَعَ الضَّرَر وَالْخَوْف، وَقيل: إِن المُرَاد بِالْمثلِ، أَن الرجلَ يُستمتَع بِهِ وَفِيه الخِصالُ الْمَكْرُوهَة، قَالَه شيخُنا، {- والمَساوِي هِيَ العُيوبُ، وَقد اخْتلفُوا فِي مُفردِها، قَالَ بعضُ الصرفيين، هِيَ ضدّ المحاسِن، جمع سُوءٍ، على غير قِيَاس، وأَصله الْهَمْز، وَيُقَال: إِنه لَا وَاحِد لَهَا كالمحاسن.

قهر

1 قَهَرَهُ. (aor.

قَهَرَ, A, K,) inf. n. قَهْرٌ, He overcame, conquered, subdued, subjected, subjugated, overbore, overpowered, mastered, or prevailed or predominated over, him, or it; he was, or became, superior in power or force, to him, or it. (S, A, Msb, K, TA.) b2: [He abased him. (See 4.) b3: He oppressed him. So in the Kur., xciii. 9, فَأَمَّا اليَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرُ [Therefore, happen what may, the orphan thou shalt not oppress; i. e., as explained in the Expos. of the Jel., by taking his property, or otherwise.] b4: He forced, compelled, or constrained, him. (??) in the following ex.] قَهَرَهُ عَلَى

الأَمْرِ [He forced, compelled, or constrained, him to do the thing]. (S, K, art. قسر.) b5: [He coerced him.] b6: He took him [by force;] against his will, or approval; and so أَخَذَهُ قَهْرًا. (A, TA.) A2: قُهِرَ اللَّحْمُ (tropical:) The flesh-meat became, (S,) or began to be, (A, TA,) affected, or acted upon, (lit. taken,) by the fire, so that its juice flowed. (S, A, TA.) 4 اقهر He became in a state in which to be overcome, conquered, subdued, subjected, subjugated, overborne, overpowered, mastered, or prevailed over: (Msb:) his case became that of one overcome, &c. (S, TA.) b2: His companions became overcome, conquered, subdued, &c., (K, TA,) and abased. (TA.) A2: اقهرهُ He found him to be overcome, conquered, subdued, overpowered, mastered, or prevailed over. (S, Msb, K.) 7 انقهر [quasi-pass. of قَهَرَهُ; He was, or became, overcome, &c.]. (TA in art. ضغط.) قُهْرًا وَبُهْرًا, with damm to each, [a form of imprecation, meaning, May he, or they, be overcome and subdued]. (TA.) فُلَانٌ قُهْرَةٌ للِنَّاسِ Such a one is a person to be overcome, conquered, subdued, &c., by everyone. (A.) b2: أَخَذْتُ قُلَانًا قُهْرَةً I took such a one by constraint, or compulsion. (S.) قُهَرَةٌ A woman abounding in evil, injustice, or corruptness; very evil or bad, unjust, or corrupt: (K, TA:) pl. قُهَرَاتٌ. (TA.) قَهَّارٌ: see قَاهِرٌ.

قَاهرٌ One who overcomes, conquers, subdues, &c.: and ↓ قَهَّارٌ signifies the same in an intensive sense. (Msb.) b2: القَاهِرُ (TA) and ↓ القَهَّارُ (K, TA) epithets applied to God, (K, TA,) meaning, The Subduer of his creatures by his sovereign authority and power, and the Disposer of them as He pleaseth, with and against their will: (TA:) or the former, the Overcomer, or Subduer, of all created beings. (IAth, TA.) b3: [القَاهِرُ The planet Mars.] b4: جِبَالٌ قَوَاهِرُ (tropical:) Lofty mountains. (A.) أَقْهَرُ [More, and most, subduing, &c.: and, abasing]. (K voce أَخْنَعُ, q. v.)

غش

1 غَشَّهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. غَشٌّ, (Msb, TA,) or غِشٌّ, with kesr, (S,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb, K,) He acted towards him, or advised or counselled him, dishonestly, or insincerely: (A. Msb, K:) and he dressed up to him an affair [in false colours]: (Msb:) or he acted towards him with dissimulation: pretended to him the contrary of what he conceived in his mind: (A, K:) but this is a needless addition, for it is the same as the first explanation (TA:) as also ↓ غشّشهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَغْشِيشٌ: (TA) or this latter has an intensive signification: it is said to be derived from غَشَشٌ, signifying “ a turbid drinking-place,” (TA:) It is said in the story of Umm-Zara, accord. to one relation, ↓ لَا تَمْلَأُ بَيْتَنَا تَغْشِيشًا, said by some to be from الغِشُّ, and by others to be from [a usage of]

التغشيش as signifying النَّمِيمَةُ [app. here meaning the embellishing speech with falsehood]: but accord. to the approved relation, it is [تَغْشِيشًا] with the unpointed letter. (IAth.) [See art. عش.] b2: [Also He made it to seem what it was not; falsified it; counterfeited it; adulterated it: so as used often by post-classical authors; and so, probably, in classical times also; see its pass. part n., below.]

A2: غَشَّ صَدْرُهُ, aor. ـِ [inf. n., probably.

غِشٌّ, q. v.,] His bosom concealed enmity and violent hatred; or bore rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, (TA,) 2 غَشَّّ see the preceding paragraph, in two places.4 اغشّهُ, inf. n. إِغْشَاشٌ, He made him to fall into dishonest, or insincere, conduct, or advice or counsel; into dissimulation; or the pretending the contrary of what he conceived in his mind. (TA.) b2: And أَغْشَشْتُهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ I prevented him from obtaining the object of his want; syn. أَعْجَلْتُهُ. (IKtt, K.) 8 إِغْتَشَ3َ see the next paragraph, in two places.10 استغشّهُ (S, K) and ↓ اغتشّهُ (K, TA) He reckoned him, or deemed him, dishonest, or insincere, in action, or advice or counsel; contr. of اِسْتَنْصَحَهُ (S, K) and اِنْتَصَحَهُ; (K;) or, [which means the same,] i. q. عَدَّهُ غَاشًّا: (TA:) or he imagined in him dishonest, or insincere, conduct, or advice or counsel; dissimulation; or the pretending the contrary of what he conceived in his mind. (K.) A poet says, لَكَ نَاصِحٌ ↓ أَيَا رُبَّ مَنْ تَغْتَشُّهُ وَمُسْتَنْصَحٍ بِالْغَيْبِ غَيْرُ أَمِينِ [O man, many a one whom thou reckonest dishonest in action, or advice, is honest therein to thee; and (many a) one who is reckoned honest in action, or advice, in that which is beyond the reach of perception, is not faithful]. (TA) غَشٌّ, (K, TA,) of the measure فَعْلٌ, or it may be originally of the measure فَعِلٌ, (TA,) applied to a man, (K, TA,) i. q. عَظِيمُ الشَّرَهِ [i. e. Very greedy]; not عظيم السُّرَّةِ, as in some copies of the K; nor عظيم الشِّرَّةِ, as in other copies: a rájiz says, لَيْسَ بِغَشٍّ هَمُّهُ فِيمَا أَكَلْ [He is not one who is very greedy; whose care, or solicitude, is in respect of what he has eaten]. (TA) غِشٌّ Dishonest, or insincere, conduct, or advice or counsel: (Msb, K:) and the embellishment of an affair [with false colours]: (Msb:) or dissimulation; pretence of the contrary of what one conceives in his mind. (K.) [See also 1.] b2: And Rancour, malevolence, malice, or (??) (K.) b3: [Also Adulterating alloy in coin (See حُمْلَانٌ.) b4: And Adulterated, or counterfeit, coin. (See زَغَلٌ.)]

غَشَشٌ A turbid drinking-place: (Az, IAmb, Sgh, TA:) الكَدِرُ المَشُوبُ in the K is a mistake: the right explanation of الغَشَشُ being المَشْرَبُ الكَدِرُ, which is that given by Az and IAmb and Sgh. (TA.) غَشَاشٌ: see the next paragraph.

غِشَاشٌ, applied to a drinking (شُرْبٌ), Little in quantity, (K, TA,) because of turbidness: (TA: [in which it is said to be applied in like manner to a day, يوم; but I think that this is a mistranscription for نَوْمٌ, i. e. sleep:]) or hasty. or not wholesome; (K, TA;) because the water is not clear. (TA.) A2: And The beginning of the darkness: and the end thereof. (K.) A3: نَقِيتُهُ غِشَاشًا, (T, S, K,) and ↓ غَشَاشًا, (K,) I met, or found, him, or it, in haste; (T, S, K:) and so على غشاش: (T, TA:) or at sunset; (Lth, K;) but Az disallows this: (TA:) or in the night; (K;) which is nearly the same as what Lth says. (TA.) غَاشٌّ Acting, or advising or counselling, dishonestly, or insincerely; or acting with dissimulation; pretending the contrary of what one conceives in his mind: [see its verb;] pl. غِشَشَةٌ and [quasipl. n., like as صَحَابَةٌ is of صَاحِبٌ,] غَشَاشَةٌ (TA.) شَىْءٌ مَغْشُوشٌ [A thing made to seem what it is not; falsified; counterfeited; adulterated]; (S, K;) a thing that is not pure; not genuine; or not unadulterated. (K.) You say, طَعَامُ فُلَانٍ

مَغْشُوشٌ أَعْلَاهُ يَابِسٌ وَأَسْفَلُهُ مَرْشُوشٌ [The wheat of such a one is made to seem what it is not: it upper part is dry, and its lower part is sprinkled]. (A.) And لَبَنٌ مَغْشُوشٌ Milk mixed with water. (Mgh, Msb.) And فِضَّةٌ مَغْشُوشَةٌ Silver mixed with copper or brass. (TA.)