ب
أس
1 بَؤُسَ,
aor. ـْ (
S,
M,
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. بَأْسٌ, (
S,
Msb,
K,) or بَأْسَةٌ; (
M; [so I find in a copy of the
M, but perhaps it is a mistranscription for بَآسَةٌ;]) and بَئِسَ, [
aor. ـْ
inf. n. بَأْسٌ; (
M;) He was, or became, mighty, or strong, in war or fight; (
K;) courageous, or valiant: (
M,
Msb,
K:) or very mighty or strong in war or fight. (
Az,
S.)
A2: بَئْسُ, (
S,
M,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـْ (
S,
M,
K) and يَبْئِسُ, the latter
extr., like يَنْعِمُ
aor. of نَعِمَ, (
M,) [and some other instances, (see حَسِبَ,)]
inf. n. بُؤْسٌ (
S,
Msb, *
K) and بُؤُوسٌ and بُؤْسَى (
K) and بَأْسٌ (
TA) and بَئيسٌ, (
S,
K,) [in measure] like أَمِيرٌ, (
TA,) [
accord. to the
CK بِئْسٌ, which is a mistake,] and بَئِيسَى, (
TS,
TA,) incorrectly written in the copies of the
K بِئْسَي; (
TA;) or بَؤُسَ; (A;) or both these forms; (
M;) He was, or became, in a state of distress; straitened in his means of subsistence, or in the conveniences of life; (
M,
Msb;) in a state of poverty: (
M,
A,
Msb, *
TA:) or in a state of pressing want: (
S,
K,
TA:) and بَؤُسَ,
inf. n. بَآسَةٌ and بَئِيسٌ, whence the subst.
بَؤْسَى, he was, or became, in a state of trial, or affliction: (
M:) and [in like manner,] ↓ أَبْأَسَ, (
inf. n. إِبْآسٌ,
S,) distress, or poverty, or misfortune, or calamity, (البَأْسَآءُ,) befell him. (
IAar,
S, *
M,
TA.)
A3: بِئْسَ, also written بَئِسَ and بِئِسَ and بَأْسَ, (
S,
K,) is a word of dispraise or blame, (
S,) implying all kinds of dispraise or blame, (
TA,) [or superlative dispraise or blame; signifying, Very evil or bad is he, or it: or superlatively evil or bad is he, or it:]
contr. of نِعمَ: (
S,
M,
TA:) a
pret. verb, imperfectly inflected, (
S,
K,) like نِعْمَ, (
S,) [having only one variation of form, namely, the
fem. بِئْسَتْ, though the
masc. is more commonly used even when the
agent is
fem. or
pl.,] because it is translated from its original application, (
S,
K,) i. e. from بَئِسَ فُلَانٌ signifying
أَصَابَ بُؤْسًا [he found, met with, or experienced, distress, &c.], to signify dispraise or blame. (
S,
TA.) When it is accompanied by a
gen. n. without the article ال, this is always in the
accus. case: but when the
n. has the article ال, it is always in the
nom. case: (
TA:) you say, بِئْسَ رَجُلًا زَيْدً [Very evil or bad, or superlatively evil or bad, as a man, is Zeyd; رجلا being a
specificative]: (
K:) and بِئْسَ الرَّجُلُ زَيْدٌ [Very evil, &c., is the man, Zeyd]; and بِئْسَتِ المَرْأَةُ هِنْدٌ [or more commonly بِئْسَ العَيْرُ in this case also, Very evil, &c., is the woman, Hind]. (
S.) Some argue that it is a noun, from the saying, نِعْمَ السَّيْرُ عَلَى بِئْسَ العَيْرُ, because it has a
prep.; but this is explained as elliptical, and meaning, نِعَمَ السَّيْرُ عَلَى عَيْرٍ مَقُولٍ فِيهِ بِئْسَ العيْرُ [Excellent is the journeying upon an ass of which it is said Very evil, &c., is the ass]. (
I 'Ak p. 232.)
Zj says that when it is followed by مَا, then مَا, with it, is regarded as occupying the place of an indeterminate noun; [namely, شَيْئًا, as a
specificative; as in the
Kur ii. 84,بِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or بِئْسَمَا, &c., Very evil, &c., as a thing, is that for which they have sold, or exchanged, themselves:] (
TA:) but some say that it is the
agent, and is a determinate noun; and this is the opinion of Ibn-Kharoof, which he ascribes to
Sb. (
I 'Ak ubi suprà.) [For further illustration, see نِعْمَ.]
4 أَبْاَ^َ see بَئِسَ
5 تَبَاَّ^َ see 6.
6 تَبَآءَسَ He feigned the lowliness, or submissiveness, of poverty, humbling, or abasing, himself, (
K,*
TA,) with men; and ↓ تَبَأَّسَ is allowable in the same sense. (
TA.) 8 ابتأس بِهِ, (
M,
A,) and مِنْهُ, (
S,
TA,) He was distressed by it, or at it; it does not signify dislike: (
IB,
TA:) or he grieved at it, (
S,
M,
A,) and humbled and abased himself: so in the
Kur xi. 38 and xii. 69. (
M,
A,
TA.) It is said of a man when a thing that he dislikes becomes known to him. (
Az,
TA.) بَأْسٌ Might, or strength, (
S,
A,
Msb,
K,) in war or fight: (
S,
A,
K:) courage; valour, or valiantness; prowess. (
M,
K.)
b2: War, or fight; (
M,
Msb;) as also ↓ بَئِيْسٌ (
M) and ↓ بَأْسَآءُ: (
TA:)
pl. of the first,أَبْؤَسٌ. (
Msb.)
b3: Hence, (
M,) (assumed
tropical:) Fear, (
M,
TA,) in the saying, لَا بأْسَ عَلَيْكَ, (
M,
TA, *) and بِكَ, (
M,) [(assumed
tropical:) There is no fear for thee:
lit., there is no war against thee, or with thee]: the saying of which to an enemy implies the granting him security, or protection: and in the same sense it is used in a
trad., in the phrase اِشْتَدَّ البَأْسُ [(assumed
tropical:) Fear became vehement]. (
TA.)
b4: I. q. ضَرَرٌ (assumed
tropical:) [Harm, injury, &c.]: so in the phrase لَا بَأْسَ [There is, or will be, no harm, &c.; and لَا بَأْسَ بِكَذَا, and فِى كَذَا, (assumed
tropical:) There is, or will be, no harm in such a thing]. (
Har p. 311.) It is said in a
trad., لَا بَأْسَ بِالْغِنَي لِمَنِ اتَّقَي [There is no harm in wealth to him who is pious]. (El-
Jámi' es-Sagheer of Es-Suyootee.) بَاس also occurs for بَأْس; the being suppressed, agreeably with
analogy; not altered by permutation. (
M,
TA.)
b5: Punishment: (
S,
A,
K:) or severe punishment; (
TA;) as also ↓ بَئِسٌ, in measure like كَتِفٌ. (
IAar,
TA.)
b6: See also بُؤْسٌ, in two places.
بُؤْسٌ (also written بُوسٌ, with the suppressed,
Msb) Distress; straitness of the means of subsistence, or of the conveniences of life; poverty: (
M,
Msb,*
TA:*) or a state of pressing want: (
S,
K:) or misfortune; calamity: (
A:) and ↓ بُؤُوسٌ and ↓ بُؤْسَى (
K,
TA) and ↓ بَأْسَآءُ (
M, A) and ↓ بَأْسٌ (
TA) and ↓ بَئِيسٌ (
S,
K) and ↓ بَئِيسَى (
TA) and ↓ مَبْأَسَةٌ (
M,
TA) [all of which, except ↓ بَأْسَآءُ and ↓ مَبْأَسَةٌ, are said to be
inf. ns. (see بَئِسَ)] signify the same as بُؤْسٌ: (
S,
M,
A,
K,
TA:) ↓ بُؤْسَى and ↓ بَأْسَآءُ are both from بُؤْسٌ [with which they are
syn. accord. to authorities indicated above]; (
Zj,
IDrd,
TA;) the former is
contr. of نُعْمَى, (
S,
TA,) and in like manner the latter is
contr. of نَعْمَآءُ: (
TA:) the latter is of the measure فَعْلَآءُ without any أَفْعَلُ, because it is a
subst.; like as أَفْعَلُ occurs among substs. without any فَعَلَآءُ, as in the instance of أَحْمَدُ: (
Akh,
S:) or ↓ بُؤْسَى signifies a state of trial or affliction, and is a
subst.; and ↓ بَئِيسٌ and ↓ بَآسَةٌ signify the same, but are
inf. ns.: (
M:) and ↓ بَأْسَآءُ is
syn. with شِدَّةٌ [like بُؤْسٌ in the first of the senses explained above]; (
S,
TA;) and مَشَقَّةٌ [meaning distress, or difficulty]: (
TA:) or it signifies misfortune, or calamity, (
A,
K,) like بُؤْسٌ; (A;) and so أَبْؤُسٌ: (
S,
K:) or rather this last signifies misfortunes, or calamities; for it is
pl. of ↓ بَأْسٌ, i. e., a
pl. of pauc.; not of بُؤْسٌ, as
J asserts it to be; for the
pl. of pauc. of بُؤْسٌ is أَبْآسٌ: (
IB,
TA:) but أَبْؤُسٌ may be used as
pl. of ↓ بَأْسَآءُ. (
Fr, in
S,
voce ضَرَّآءُ,
q. v.) [See exs. of these two pls. in what follows.] You say يَوْمُ بُؤْسٍ وَيَوْمُ نُعْمٍ [A day of distress, or poverty, &c., and a day of ease and plenty]. (
S,
TA.) And بُؤْسًا لَهُ [May distress, or poverty, &c., befall him]: a form of imprecation. (
Sb,
M,
TA.) and بُؤْسَ ابْنِ سُمَيَّةَ,
app. an expression of pity [meaning Alas for the distress, &c., of Ibn-Sumeiyeh!]. (
TA, from a
trad.) And عَسَىَ الغُوَيْرُ أَبْؤُسًا Perhaps the little cave [may be attended with] calamities; not calamity, as in the
S [and
K]: (
IB:) a
prov.; (
S;) originating from a cave's having collapsed upon some men in it; or from an enemy's having come to some men in a cave, and slain them; wherefore it is applied to anything whence evil is feared: (
As,
S,
K, in art. غور:) or it is applied to him who is suspected of a thing: (
IAar,
TA:) or الغُوَيْرُ was the name of a certain water, which belonged to the tribe of Kelb, and the words of this
prov. were said by Ez-Zebbà, when Kaseer turned aside from the plain road, and took the way to الغُوَيْرُ: (Ibn-El-Kelbee,
S,
K, in art. غور:)ابؤسا is in the
accus. case by reason of يَكُونُ understood. (
Mughnee.) [See Freytag's Arab.
Prov. ii. 94.] ElKumeyt also says, قَالُوا أَسَآءَ بَنُو كُرْزٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ عَسَى الغُوَيْرُ بِأَبْآسٍ وَأغْوَارِ [They said, Benoo-Kurz have done evil: and I said to them, Perhaps the little cave may be attended with calamities and connected with other caves]: أَبْآس is here
pl. of بُؤْس. (
IB,
TA.) [In the
S, the last words are written بِإِبْآسٍ وَإِعْوَارٍ, in one copy: in another, وإِغْوَارِ: both of which are
app. wrong.]
b2: See also بَائِسٌ.
بِئْسٌ and بِيْسٌ and بَيْسٌ and بَيِّسٌ: see بَئِيسٌ.
b2: بَنَاتُ بِئْسٍ Calamities; misfortunes. (
K.) بَئِسٌ: see بَأْسٌ, last signification:
A2: and see بَئِيسٌ.
بُؤْسَى: see بُؤْسٌ, in three places.
بَأْسَآءُ: see بَأْسٌ: and بُؤْسٌ: the latter, in five places.
b2: Zj explains it as signifying, in the
Kur vi. 42, Hunger. (
M,
TA. *)
b3: Also The act of beating, or striking. (
Lth,
TA.) بَؤُوسٌ One in whom بُؤْس [i. e. distress &c.] is apparent, or manifest. (
M,
TA.) بُؤُوسٌ: see بُؤْسٌ بَئيسٌ: see بَأْسٌ: and بُؤْسٌ: the latter, in two places.
A2: Mighty, or strong, in war or fight; (A;) courageous, or valiant. (
S,
M,
Msb,
K.)
b2: عَذَابٌ بئِيسٌ, (
S,
M,
K,) and ↓ بِئِيسٌ, agreeably with a general rule applying to words of this description, (
M,) and ↓ بِئْسٌ, (
M,
K,) and ↓ بَئِسٌ, (
M,) and ↓ بَيْئَسٌ, (
M,
K,) and ↓ بَئْئَسٌ, (
M,) and ↓ بَيِّسٌ, and ↓ بَيْسٌ, which last, however, is of no authority, (
M,) or ↓ بِيسٌ, and بَيِيسٌ, with the changed into ى, (
TA,) A vehement punishment: (
S,
M,
K:) so in the
Kur vii. 165. (
TA.) بِئِيسٌ: see بَئيسٌ.
بَآسَةٌ: see بُؤْسٌ.
بَئِيسَي: see بُؤْسٌ.
بَائِسٌ Distressed; straitened in his means of subsistence, or in the conveniences of life; (
Msb;) or poor: (
A,
Msb: *) or one who is in want, and an object of pity for what he suffers: (
TA:) or in a state of pressing want: (
S:) or in a state of trial, or affliction: (
M,
TA:) or one who is crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, by disease, or who suffers from a protracted disease, and is in need: (
Mgh:) an
epithet denoting pity, (
Sb,
M,
TA,) or grief: (
Mgh:) ↓ بُؤْسٌ occurs as its
pl.; (
M,
TA;) or is for ذَوُوبُؤْسٍ. (
M.) بَيْئَسٌ and بَيْئِسٌ: see بَئِيسٌ.
b2: The former also signifies Strong. (
K,
TA.)
b3: And hence, (
TA,) البَيْئَسُ The lion. (
K,
TA.) الإِبَآإُ الأَبْأَسُ The most vehement refusal. (
Th,
M.) مَبْأَسَةٌ: see بُؤْسٌ, in two places.
مُبْتَئِسٌ Disliking, or hating: (
S,
M,
K:) and grieving: (
S,
K:) or rather, distressed, by, or at, a thing; not disliking, or hating: (
IB,
TA:) or grieving, and humbling and abasing himself. (
Zj,
M,
TA.)
