فل

1 فَلَّهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. فَلٌّ, (M, TA,) He broke it, or notched it, in its edge, (M, K,) namely, [a sword or the like, or] anything; (M;) and so ↓ فللّٰهُ, (K, TA,) [or this signifies he did so much, or in many places,] inf. n. تَفْلِيلٌ. (TA.) b2: And i. q. كَسَرَهُ [app. as meaning He broke it, in an unrestricted sense; as well as in another sense; as will be shown by what follows]. (S.) وَلَا فَلُّوا لَهُ صَقاةً, i. e. [lit.] Nor did they break a stone (كَسَرُوا حَجَرَا) belonging to him, was said by 'Áïsheh in describing her father: she alluded thereby to his strength in religion. (TA. [See also قَرَعَ صَفَاتَهُ, in art. صفو; and see also مَــغْمَزٌ.]) And [in like manner] one says, غَرْبَهُ ↓ استفلّ meaning كَسَرَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He broke his sharpness, or vehemence, or valour]. (TA.) And فَلَّ الجَيْشَ, (S, O, Msb,) or القَوْمَ, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M, O, Msb,) He defeated (هَزَمَ, S, M, O, K, or كَسَرَ, Msb) the army, or military force, (S, O, Msb,) or the people, or party. (M, K.) And مَنْ قَلَّ ذَلَّ وَمَنْ أَمِرَفَلَّ, (S, Meyd, O,) a prov., (Meyd, O,) meaning He who has few aiders is overcome, [or becomes abased], and he who has many relations [or who possesses authority to command] defeats (فَلَّ) his enemies. (Meyd. [In Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 683, a different (and I think a wrong) reading is given, with قَلَّ in the place of فَلَّ; though the reading with فَلَّ is added.]) شَجَّكِ أَوْ فَلَّكِ أَوْ جَمَعَ كُلًّا لَكِ, in the story of Umm-Zara, is said to mean, Whether he wound thee by smiting thy head, or break a limb [of thee], or combine the two deeds to thee: or by فلّك is meant altercate, or wrangle, with thee: (TA, in two places:) or the meaning [of فلّك] is defeat thee [so I render كَسَرَكِ]; or take away thy property; or defeat thee (كَسَرَكِ) with his altercation and his censure. (O.) A2: فَلَّ عَنْهُ عَقْلُهُ, aor. ـَ [in the CK (erroneously) فَلُّ,] His intellect, or intelligence, departed from him, and then returned. (M, K.) 2 فَلَّّ see above, first sentence. b2: تَفْلِيلٌ [as inf. n. of the pass. v. فُلِّلَ] means The state of being broken, or notched, [much, or in many places,] in the edge of a knife, or in the edges of the teeth, (T, TA,) and the like, (T,) [i. e.] and also in [the edge of] a sword. (TA.) 4 افلّت الأَرْضُ The land became such as is termed فِلّ [q. v.]. (AHn, M.) b2: And أَفَلّ, (Fr, T,) and أَفْلَلْنَا, (S, O,) He (a man, Fr, T,) and we, (S, O,) became in a land such as is termed فِلّ, (Fr, T, S, O,) upon which rain had not fallen: (Fr, T:) or the latter means we trod a land (M, K) such as is termed فِلّ (M) or such as is termed فَلّ. (K.) b3: And افلّ (assumed tropical:) He (a man, S, M, O) lost, or became deprived of, his property: (S, M, O, K:) from فِلٌّ applied to land. (M.) b4: And in like manner, one says, افلّ الدّهْرُ مَالَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Time, or fortune, deprived him of his property]. (O.) 5 تَفَلَّّ see the next paragraph, in three places: A2: and see also R. Q. 1, in two places [in each of which the verb is most probably, I think, mistranscribed].7 انفلّ It became broken, or notched, in its edge; as also ↓ افتلّ, and ↓ تفلّل; (M, K, TA;) said of [a sword or the like, or of] anything; (M;) the first quasi-pass. of فَلَّهُ, as is also the second; but the third is quasi-pass of فلَّلَهُ [and implying that it was so much, or in many places, or said of several things or of several parts of a thing]; (TA;) [therefore] one says [of a sword], مَضَارِبُهُ ↓ تَفَلَّلَتْ, meaning تَكَسَّرَتْ [i. e. Its edges (for the swords of the Arabs in the older times were generally two-edged), or its parts for striking, became broken, or notched, much, or in many places]; (S, TA;) and one says, انفلّ سِنُّهُ, (T, TA,) meaning [simply] His tooth became broken, or notched, in its edge. (TA.) And انفلّوا They became defeated; (S, * M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تفلّلوا [but this has an intensive signification]. (M, K.) 8 إِفْتَلَ3َ see the next preceding paragraph.10 إِسْتَفْلَ3َ see 1, former half. b2: استفلّ الشَّىْءَ He took of the thing the least portion, (M, K,) because of its difficulty (لِعُسْرِهِ), (M,) or such as the tenth part thereof (كَعُشْرِهِ): (K:) or الاِستِفْلَالُ signifies the obtaining a little thing from a difficult place; from a place of the seeking of a right, or due, or of a gift; it having no other object than a thing of little account. (T.) R. Q. 1 فَلْفَلَ He walked with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side; (T, O, TA;) as also ↓ تَفَلْفَلَ: (TA:) or both signify he walked thus, with short steps: (K:) or ↓ تفلفل signifies [simply] he went with short steps; (En-Nadr, O;) or so ↓ تفلّل. (T accord. to the TT.) A2: And He rubbed and cleaned his teeth with the [stick called] سِوَاك; (T, O, K;) as also ↓ تفلفل; (IAar, O, K;) or so ↓ تفلّل. (T accord. to the TT.) A3: فلفل الطَّعَامَ and الشَّرَابَ He peppered the food and the wine or beverage. (M.) A4: [And فلفل الشَّعَرَ He made the hair very crisp, or such as we term woolly, like that of the negro: see the pass. part. n., below.] R. Q. 2 تَفَلْفَلَ: see R. Q. 1, in three places.

A2: Said of the hair of a negro, It became very crisp [or such as we term woolly]. (M, TA.) b2: And تفلفل قَادِمَتَا الضَّرْعِ The two anterior teats of the udder became black. (S, O, K.) يَا فُلُ, (S in this art. and in art. فلن, and K and TA in the latter art.,) meaning يَا فُلَانُ [O such a one], (S &c.,) with refa and without tenween, (TA,) is sometimes said to one person, [i. e. to a man,] and يَا فُلَانِ to two persons, and يَا فُلُونَ to a pl. number; and يَا فُلَةُ to a female, and يَا فُلَتَانِ to two females, and يَا فُلَاتُ to a pl. number of females, (K, TA,) and sometimes يَا فُلَاةُ, (K, * TA,) thus correctly, of the dial. of some of the tribe of Temeem, in the copies of the K erroneously written يا فُلَاتُ, (TA,) is said, and some say يَا فُلَ, [in the CK يافلُ, but correctly يافُلَ, i. e., as is said in the TA, بِنَصْبِ اللَّامِ,] meaning يَا فُلَةُ: (K, TA:) [J says,] يَا فُلُ, without teshdeed, said in calling to a person, is apocopated from يَا فُلَانُ; not formed in the way of تَرْخِيم, for if it were an instance of ترخيم they would say يَا فُلَا: (S in this art.:) [or,] accord. to Sb, يَا فُلُ is not held to be an instance of a word from which is elided something that is retained when it is not [thus] used in calling to a person, but the noun in this case is made to be of two letters in the manner of دَمٌ [which is originally دَمَوٌ or دَمًى or دَمْىٌ], and it is thus made to be of two letters because a word that is used in calling to a person or thing is a subject for elision: (M in this art.:) and sometimes فُل was used otherwise than in calling to a person, by poetic license, as in the saying of Abu-n-Nejm, فِى لَجَّةٍ أَمْسِكْ فُلَانًا عَنْ فُلِ (S and M in this art.,) meaning عن فُلَانٍ [i. e. In, or amid, a multitude of cries, or noises: (thus expl. in the S:) withhold thou such a one from such a one]: (S in art. فلن:) and Sb disallowed the saying فُلُ as meaning فُلَان [in the CK (erroneously) يا فُلُ as meaning يا فُلَانُ] except [in the vocative form of speech and] in poetry: (M and K and TA in art. فلن:) [but] they said [also] فُلُ بْنُ فُلِ, [said to be] an instance of an elision, (T and M in art. فلن,) i. e. of the elision of a final و [accord. to some, who hold فُلَانٌ to be originally فُلْوَانٌ]; (T;) like as they said هَىُّ بْنُ بَىٍّ: (T, M:) and أَىْ فُلْ, with the ل quiescent, occurs in a trad. respecting the resurrection; meaning يَا فُلَانُ: (TA:) Ibn-Buzurj says that some of the tribe of اسد [i. e. Asd or Asad] say يا فل [app. يَافُلُ, without any variation,] in calling to a man and to two men and to a pl. number of men and to a female: (TA in art. فلن:) accord. to As, one says يَا فُلُ and يَا فُلَاهْ; he who says يَا فُلُ saying thus [when he pauses after it and] when he goes on, making the noun marfooa without tenween; whereas he who says يَافُلَاهْ says thus when he is silent after it, retaining the ه [which is termed the ه of pausation]. but when he goes on he rejects the ه and makes the noun to be mansoob, saying [for ex.] يَا فُلَا قُلْ [O such a one, say]. (T and TA in art. فلن.) [See also مُضَمَّنٌ (in art. ضمن), last sentence.]

فَلٌّ A break, or notch, in the edge, (ISk, T, S, M, O, Msb, K,) of a sword, (ISk, T, S, O, Msb, K,) [or the like,] or of anything; (M;) and so ↓ فَلَّةٌ [i. e. a single break, or notch, in the edge,] of a sword: (TA:) pl. of the former فُلُولٌ, (ISk, T, S, M, O, Msb, K,) of which an ex. occurs in a verse cited voce بَيْدَ: (O, TA:) it has been said that فُلُولٌ is an inf. n.; but it is more correctly said to be pl. of فَلٌّ. (M.) b2: And A portion that has fallen off from a thing, like the filings of gold and of silver, and the sparks of fire: (M, K, TA:) pl. فُلُولٌ. (M, TA.) A2: and A company (M, K, TA) of men; (TA;) as also ↓ فَلِيلٌ: (M, K, TA:) pl. of the former فُلُولٌ. (TA.) A3: And it is [an epithet] applied to a number of men, (S, M, O, K, [in the CK in this case, erroneously, فُلٌّ,]) and to a single man, (S, O,) signifying Defeated; (S, M, O, K;) and ↓ فُلَّى also signifies thus, applied to a كَتِيبَة [i. e. a military force, or troop, &c.]; (AA, T, O, K;) like فُرَّى: (AA, T, O:) one says رَجُلٌ فَلٌّ and قَوْمٌ فَلٌّ, and sometimes [when speaking of a number of men] they said فُلُولٌ and فِلَالٌ; (S, O;) accord. to the copies of the K, the pl. is فُلُولٌ and أَفْلَالٌ; but correctly the latter is فُلَّالٌ, like رُمَّانٌ, as in the M; (TA;) [i. e.] the pl. is فُلُولٌ and فُلَّالٌ: and [of فَلٌّ used in a pl. sense it is said that] it must be either a quasi-pl. n. or [originally] an inf. n.: if the former, the sing. should by rule be فَالٌّ, the case being like شَارِبٌ and شَرْبٌ, [of which the former is a sing, and the latter is a quasi-pl. n.,] and فَالٌّ is of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: and فلول is not necessarily pl. of فَلٌّ, but is rather pl. of فَالٌّ; for the pl. of the quasi-pl. n. is extr., like the pl. of the pl.: (M, TA: *) and as to فَلَّالٌ, it is necessarily pl. of فَالٌّ, for فَعْلٌ is not of the forms that have فُعَّالٌ as the measure of a pl.: (M, TA:) if it [i. e. فَلٌّ] be [originally] an inf. n., [this accounts for its being applied alike to a number of men and to a single man, which is not mentioned in the M, or] it is like نَسْجٌ in the sense of مَنْسُوجٌ in the phrase نَسْجُ اليَمَنِ. (M.) A4: Also Land affected with drought or barrenness; as also ↓ فِلٌّ: or [i. e. the former accord. to the K, but app. each accord. to the text of the M as given in the TT,] such as is rained upon but does not produce plants or herbage: (AO, M, K:) or such as the rain has failed to fall upon during several years: or such as is not rained upon between two lands that have been rained upon: (M, K:) or, accord. to AO, this is termed خَطِيطَةٌ; فلّ having the second of the meanings expl. in this sentence: (M:) or upon which rain has not fallen: (TA:) [in this sense, in the TT, as from the T, written فِل [for ↓ فِلّ]: and so in the same, as from the T and M, in the sense here following:] or in which is nothing; (T, M, * K; *) so says IAar; whence, he adds, الفَلَاةُ; but [Az says] I do not think that it is taken thence: (T:) the pl. is like the sing., [or rather the word used as a sing. is likewise used as a pl.,] and أَفْلَالٌ, (M, K,) this pl. form being sometimes used: (M:) or the pl. of ↓ الفِلُّ is أَفْلَالٌ; and one says also أَرْضٌ أَفْلَالٌ. (T.) A5: And A sort of cloth made of the hard fibres of flax. (TA.) فَلٌّ a term for يَاسَمِين مُضَاعَذ [Double jasmine], which is [rendered so] either بِالتَّرْكِيب [an expression meaning, as used in the present day, by grafting], or by slitting the stem thereof and inserting into it the [additional] jasmine [app. meaning by budding]: it is a flower of pure whiteness; and the rubbing oneself with its leaves perfumes the body: (TA:) [this name, or, more commonly, ↓ فِلّ, is now applied to the Arabian jasmine (jasminum sambac), or, as Forskål says (Flora Aegypt. Arab. p. cii.), nyctanthes sambac, mentioned by him among the plants cultivated in El-Yemen.] b2: [Freytag, misled by the CK, has assigned to this word a meaning belonging to فَلٌّ.]

فِلٌّ Land in which is no herbage; (K;) or land not rained upon, and in which is no herbage. (S, O.) See also فَلٌّ, in three places. b2: غَدَا فِلًّا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ, with kesr, means [He went forth early in the morning] devoid of food. (O.) b3: And فِلٌّ مِنَ الخَيْرِ occurs in a verse, (S, O,) in the poetry of 'Abd-Allah Ibn-Rawáhah and in that of Hassán, (S, O,) meaning Devoid of good. (S, TA.) [See عَلٌّ.]

A2: And Such as has become thin, of hair. (K.) A3: See also فُلٌّ.

فَلَّةٌ: see فَلٌّ, first sentence.

فَلَلٌ, in a sword [or the like], The state of having breaks, or notches, in the edge. (S, O.) فَلِيلٌ: see أَفَلُّ. b2: Applied to the tusk, or canine tooth, of a camel, Broken (S, M, O, K) in the edge. (S, O.) A2: See also فَلٌّ, first quarter.

A3: Also, and ↓ فَلِيلَةٌ, a quantity of hair collected together: (S, M, O, K:) the two words are either of the class of سَلٌّ and سَلَّةٌ [which are exactly syn., each with the other,] or are an instance of the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] that does not differ from its sing. [or n. un.] except in [its not having] the [affix] ة: (M:) in one instance, occurring in a trad., the latter is said to signify a كُبَّة [or portion convolved, or glomerated, or formed into a ball] of hair, or, as Z says, app. of [the silk called] دِمَقْس: the pl. [of either] is فَلَائِلُ. (TA.) Hence, (O,) ↓ فَلِيلَةٌ signifies also The mane of the lion. (O, TA.) In the saying of Sá'ideh Ibn-Ju-eiyeh, وَغُودِرَ ثَاوِيًا وَتَأَوَّبَتْهُ مُذَرَّعَةٌ أُمَيْمَ لَهَا فَلِيلُ [And he was left remaining, and a hyena having stripes upon its arms, (thus مُذَرَّعَةٌ as used in this verse is expl. in the TA in art. ذدع, q. v.,) a young mother, (أُمَيْمَ being an instance of تَرْخِيم, used by poetic license, for أُمَيْمَةُ, a dim. of أُمٌّ,) and therefore unusually fierce, having a mane, or having convolved, or glomerated, hair, came to him at night, or in the beginning of the night], the last word is expl. by Suh, in the R, as meaning the عَرْف [so in my original, an obvious mistranscription for عُرْف, with damm]; but by Skr as meaning شَعَر مَكْبُوب. (TA.) b2: And فَلِيلٌ signifies also [The membranous fibres that grow at the base of the branches of the palm-tree, called]

لِيف: (M, K:) so in the dial. of Hudheyl: (TA:) and ↓ فُلِفُلٌ signifies the same. (K.) فَلِيلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

فُلَّى: see فَلُّفِلّيَّةٌ, in the former half.

فِلِّيَّةٌ, (T, * K, TA,) like عِلِّيَّةٌ, (TA,) or فَلِّيَّةٌ, (O, *) [in the TT, as from the T, and in the O. written without the sign of teshdeed to the ل (app. because it is sufficiently indicated by the heading of the art. and by the pl. of this word), and in the CK, erroneously, فِلْيَة,] Land upon which the rain [that should have been that] of its year has not fallen until the falling of the rain of the next year upon it: pl. فَلَالِىُّ: (ISh, T, O, K:) [and Az says,] I have heard them call thus (i. e. by the sing.) land in which is nothing; like فِلٌّ as expl. by IAar. (T.) فُلْفُلٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) also pronounced ↓ فِلْفِلٌ, (K,) but the vulgar pronounce it [thus] with kesr, (O,) and the pronouncing it with kesr is said to be not allowable, (Msb,) a word of Pers\. origin, (M,) arabicized, from پِلْپِل, with kesr, (O,) [or پُلْپُل; i. e. Pepper;] a sort of berry, (حَبٌّ, S, O, K,) brought from India, (O, K, *) well known, (S, M, O,) not growing in the land of the Arabs, but often mentioned in their language: AHn was informed by one who had seen it that its tree is just like the pomegranate; (M, TA;) but Dáwood the hakeem adds that it is taller; (TA;) between the pair of leaves thereof are two fruit-stalks, regularly disposed, each fruitstalk of the length of the finger; and it is green, and is then plucked, and spread in the shade, and becomes black and shrivelled; and it [the tree] has thorns, like those of the pomegranate: when it [i. e. the fruit] is fresh and moist, it is preserved with water and salt until it becomes mature, when it is eaten like as preserved herbs are eaten upon the tables of food, and it is a digestive: the n. un. is ↓ فُلْفُلَةٌ [app. meaning a peppercorn, like حَبَّةُ فُلْفُلٍ: and حَبُّ فُلْفُلٍ means peppercorns, collectively]: (M, TA:) Dáwood says, in the “ Tedhkireh,” that its leaves are thin, red next the tree and green in the other direction, and its wood is lank and soft: and it is white and black: (TA:) the white is the better. (TA.) [A long description of its properties, with additions in the TA, some of them well known and others fanciful, I omit as being needless.] b2: دَارُفُلْفُل, or ↓ دَارُفِلْفِل, (accord. to different copies of the K,) [app. دَارُفُلْفُلٌ, or perhaps دَارَفُلْفُلٌ, a compound of two words (both originally Pers\.) made one, as such written in the K with the article (الدّارفلفل), and perfectly declinable, because (although a compound of two nouns) it is not a proper name,] is The tree of the فُلْفُل when it first bears fruit, accord. to the K; but several writers declare that the tree of [the] دار فلفل is not the same as the tree of the فلفل: (MF, TA:) [دار فلفل is one of the names now applied to long pepper, and is commonly pronounced دَارْفِلْفِلْ:] it is [generally] known in Egypt by the name of عِرْقُ الذَّهَبِ, [another term, now used, for long pepper,] and is called in Pers\. پلپل دراز [i. e. پُلْپِلدَرَاز, the latter of which words signifies “ long ”]: (TA:) it increases the venereal faculty, causes the food to digest; removes colic, (K, TA,) and flatulence; (TA;) and is beneficial as a remedy against the bite, or sting, of venomous reptiles, applied as a liniment, with oil. (K, TA.) b3: فُلْفُلٌ is also a name sometimes applied to The fruit of the بَرْوَق [q. v., in art. برق]; likening it to the فُلْفُلٌ mentioned before [i. e. to peppercorns]: he who pronounces it, when thus applied, ↓ فِلْفِلٌ errs; for this signifies the fruit of certain trees of the [kind called] عِضَاه; and the people of El-Yemen call thus [particularly] the fruit of the [species of عِضَاه.

termed] غَاف [q. v.]. (M.) b4: فُلْفُلُ المَآءِ is the name of A certain plant growing in the neighbourhood of water, lank, soft, or smooth, in the leaves, having berries (حَبِّ) in bunches. (TA.) b5: فُلْفُلُ القُرُودِ is The same as حبّ الليم [but what this is I do not find]. (TA.) b6: فُلْفُلُ الصَّقَالِبَةِ is What is called [in Pers\.] فنجنكشت [i. e.

فَنْجَنْكُشْت: see الفَقْدُ]. (TA.) b7: [فَلَافِلُ is pl. of فُلْفُلٌ.] And فَلَافِلُ السُّودَانِ is the name of Certain berries (حَبّ), round and smooth, in sheaths, or cases, (غُلُف,) and in receptacles (أَبْيَات) like the صَنَوْبَر [or cone of the pine, app. in form]. (TA.) A2: See also فَلِيلٌ, last sentence.

A3: فُلْفُلٌ signifies also A sharp, or clever, servant; (T, O, K;) and ↓ فِلْفِلٌ is said to signify thus likewise by Mullà 'Alee, in his “ Námoos,” and even more commonly: but this requires consideration. (MF, TA.) فِلْفِلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence: and the same again, in three places.

فُلْفُلَةٌ n. un. of فُلْفُلٌ; q. v., former half.

أَفْلُّ, applied to a sword [or the like], (T, S, O, K,) Having breaks, or notches, in its edge; (T, S, * O; *) or broken, or notched, in its edge; as also ↓ مَفْلُولٌ and ↓ مُنْفَلٌّ. (M, K.) الأَفَلُّ was the name of a sword of 'Adee Ibn-Hátim (O, K) Et-Tá-ee. (O.) مُفَلَّلٌ, applied to a نَضِىّ [app. as meaning an arrow-head] Broken by having hit stones. (S.) And, applied to front teeth (ثَغْرٌ) Serrated. (T.) مَفْلَولٌ: see أَفَلُّ.

مُنْفَلٌّ: see أَفَلُّ.

مُفَلْفَلٌ, applied to food, (TA,) and to wine, (T, TA,) [Peppered, i. e.] having فُلْفُل put into it, (T, M, * TA,) and consequently burning the tongue: (T, TA:) or wine that burns [the tongue] like فُلْفُل. (S, O, K, TA.) b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, figured with round forms resembling فُلْفُل [or peppercorns] in roundness and smallness; (T, O, TA;) i. e. (TA) figured with the like of the صَعَارِير [pl. of صُعْرُورَةٌ] of فُلْفُل. (M, K, TA.) b3: And Very crisp hair, [such as we term woolly,] (T, O, K, TA,) like that of the negro. (TA.) b4: And A hide worn, or eroded, by the tan, (نَهَِكَهُ الدِّبَاغُ, M, K, in the CK نَهَكَهُ الدَّبّاغُ,) the like of فُلْفُل [or peppercorns] appearing in it. (TA.)

صفو: في معجم ألكالا وبوشر: صفى ويقال: صفا (الصديقُ أو الحبيب بمعنى أخلص له الحب. المقري 2: 403) ويقال: صفا له ففي المقري (11: 485) (وانظر إضافات): ثم لم تَصْفُ لي بَعْدُ. أي لم تخلص لي الحب.
صفا. صفا اللون: بهت وصار أقل دكونة (بوشر).
صفا له: خلص له، كان من ملكه. ففي أماري (ص135) (وانظر تعليقات نقدية) في كلامه عن جزيرة صقلية: وقد كانت صَفَتْ للمسلمين ثم صَفَتْ للفرنج.
صفا له: تفرّغ له، تعاطاه، اهتم به. ففي المقري (1: 488): فكان صفوة للعِلْم أكثر منه للعَمَل.
صفا: أنجز، أتم، أكمل (فوك).
صفا: كفّ عن الشرب (ألكالا).
صَفَّى (بالتشديد): رشح، نضح، رَوَّق، نفاه مما يشوبه من الكدر وأمرّه من خلال قطعة نسيج (ألكالا، بوشر). صَفّى: قطّر، صعَّد (ألكالا) وفيه المصدر تصفيه.
صَفّى: مخض، نزع الزبدة من اللبن (ألكالا).
صَفَى: رتّب، نظَّم، فرّق، يقال مثلاً: صَفّى الشعر (ألكالا) وفيه تصفية الشعر.
صَفَّى: أصفى، خلّص من الكدر، نقّى (هلو).
صفَّى: أنجز، أكمل، أتم (فوك).
اللوم المُصَفّى: البخل التام، الشحّ الكامل. (دي سلان، البكري ص62).
صَفّى: اتخذه صَفيّاً أي صديقاً مختاراً (ديوان الهذليين ص203).
أصْفَى. أصفى رئيس الجند: أخذ نصيبه من الغنيمة (معجم البلاذري).
أصفَى: استصفى الأموال، واحتكرها، وصادرها (معجم البلاذري).
أصفى: طلى بالكلس؟ وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 265): وأضفى عليها من الكلس. غير أن في مخطوطة لندن وفي طبعة بولاق: وأضفى عليها بالصاد المهملة.
تصَفَّى: سال، انهمر. فعند أبو الوليد (ص201): يتصفى الغيث من غمامه.
تصفّى المالُ: راج، نفق (بوشر).
تصفَّى دَمُه: فقد كل دمه (ألف ليلة برسل 12: 83).
غير متصفّين من الدين: غير مختصين بالدين. دي سلان تاريخ البربر (1: 53).
تصافَى. والعامة تقول: تصافوا أي توافقوا وارتفع النزاع من بينهم (محيط المحيط) اصطفى. اصطفى رئيس الجند: أخذ حصته من الغنيمة (معجم البلاذري).
اصطفى: استصفى، احتكر، صادر (معجم البلاذري، معجم الطرائف) وفي حيّان (ص29 و): واصطفى الأمير عبد الله في خلافته أيضاً منية نَصْر الخصي.
استصفى: بدل أن يقال استصفى أموال فلان أي صادرها يقال في نفس المعنى استصفى فلاناً (تاريخ البربر 1: 172، 459، 621).
صَفْوَة: بهجة، جذل، بشاشة، سرور. ففي حكاية باسم الحداد: أغلظ الناس طبع من لم يكن في زمان الربيع ذو صفوة.
صَفْوَة: عند العامة رماد (همبرت ص197 محيط المحيط).
صَفْوَة: عند العامة الماء الذي ينقع فيه الرماد (محيط المحيط).
صُفْوة: عند العامة الإناء الذي ينقع فيه الرماد (محيط المحيط).
أولاد فلان ذكور صفوة: عند العامة أي ليس بينهم أنثى (محيط المحيط).
صفية: رماد (بوشر، همبرت ص197).
صَفَوان: تستعمل صفة، ففي حيان - بسام (3: 49) (في مخطوطة ب فقط) صخرة عظيمة الجرم صفوانة الخلق.
صَفَاء: معناه عند المحدثين تسلية، لهو، سرور، ويقولون: عمل صفاء مع أي لها مع فلان (فليشر معجم ص58).
صَفاء: اسم نوع من القلانس تعتمرها الثريات من نساء مصر (وصفت في الجريدة الأسيوية 1856، 1: 75).
صَفَاوَة: صفاء، نقاء، خلوص (بوشر).
صَفِيّ: صافٍ، صفو الشيء وخياره (ألكالا).
صَفِيّ. بستان صَفيّ: نَزِه. ففي حيّان (ص29 ق): قسم أوقات نزهه وفرجه ما بين هاتين المثنْيَتَيْن الصفيَّتين (وقد أدخلت أل التعريف على الكلمة الأخيرة وهي غير موجودة في المخطوطة).
صَفَايا: بعض أراضٍ العراق التي استصفاها الخليفة عمر، وهي أراضٍ مات أصحابها في حرب المسلمين وأراضٍ كانت ملكاً للأجنبي الغاصب وقواده وأسرته وأراضي الأديرة وبيوت النار، وكل أرض يسهل استصلاحها. ((وهذا ما يسمى قطائع العراق فيما يقول قدامة)).
دي سلان الجريدة الأسيوية 1863، 1: 80 - 81) صفايا الملوك في الأندلس هي الثلاثة آلاف إقطاعة التي كان يملكها ويتيزا وتركها المسلمون لأولاده مكافأة لهم (ابن القوطية ص2 و، المقري 1: 162).
صفايا: تطلق على الأشخاص الذين أصبحوا خاضعين للأمير ويؤدون إليه الجزية. (تاريخ البربر 2: 33).
صُفَّية: مِصفاة، راووق (ويرن ص73).
صافٍ: حاصل، دخل (بوشر)، وهي في اصطلاح التجار الحاصل من ثمن المبيع بعد خصم التكاليف والنوافذ (محيط المحيط).
صافٍ: الصافي عند العامة الخلاصة والوجه الذي استقر عليه الرأي (محيط المحيط).
بياض صافٍ: عند العامة نقي خالص (محيط المحيط).
الأحمر الصافي: عند العامة ما يسمى بشديد الحمرة (محيط المحيط).
صافٍ: نبيذ يعمل من الزبيب (هوست ص218).
صافي الماية: لحن من ألحان الموسيقى (هوست ص258).
الصوافي: ما استصفى من الأراضي (معجم البلاذري). وأملاك الأمير (معجم الطرائف).
أصفَى: أكثر فرحاً وسروراً. (عباداً: 65، كوسج طرائف ص71).
تَصَّفَية: سيلان، حرقة البول. (شيرب) والتهاب الحالب. (دوماس حياة العرب ص425).
التصافي: هذه الكلمة التي يذكرها فريتاج مثلاً عن دي ساسي مشكوك فيها جداً كما أشار إلى ذلك دي ساسي (2: 61) نفسه.
مِصْفة: مصفاة، راووق (بوشر) وهي تصحيف مصْفى.
نصفى: مصفاة، راووق (بوشر).
مِصْفى الراعي: بلسكي، غاليون (نبات). (بوشر). ويعرف بالأندلس بمصفى الرعاة وذلك أن الرعاة تستعمله مكان المصفاة إذا أرادوا تصفية اللبن من الشعر الذي يسقط فيه (ابن البيطار 1: 170).
مِصْفَى: ابريق القهوة، دَلْوة، دَلَّة (زيشر 92: 100 رقم 35).
مُصَفٍ: غاسل الثياب (ألكالا) وفيه أيضاً: مُصَفّية: غاسلة الثياب.
مَصّفا: كلمة تكتب على النقود لتدل على أنها نقية المعدن (زيشر 9: 823).
مِصْفاة: مِشواة، مُصَبَّع (بابن سميث 1516).

صفو

1 صَفَا, (S, M, Msb,) aor. ـْ (S, Msb,) inf. n. صَفَآءٌ (S, M, Msb, K *) and صُفُوٌّ (M, Msb, K *) and صَفْوٌ (K, * TK) and صَفْوَةٌٰ and صِفْوَةٌ, (MA,) said of wine, or beverage, (S,) or of water, (TK,) or of a thing, (M,) It was, or became, clear, limpid, or pure; contr. of كَدِرَ; (S, M, K; *) or free from الكَدَر [i. e. turbidness, thickness, or muddiness]; (Msb;) or free from admixture. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And, said of the air, or atmosphere, It was, or became, cloudless; free from any particle of cloud. (M, K.) [And it is also said, tropically, of life; and of the mind, or heart; and of love, or affection; &c.] b2: صَفَتْ, (AA, S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (AA, S;) and صَفُوتْ; (M, K;) said of a she-camel, (AA, S, M, K,) and of a ewe, or she-goat, (AA, S,) She abounded with milk. (AA, S, M, K.) A2: صَفَا الشَّىْءَ He took the clear, or pure, part, or portion, of the thing; (M, TA;) as also صَفْوَهُ ↓ استصفى; (M;) and ↓ استصفاهُ [alone] signifies the same; (K, TA;) as also ↓ اصطفاهُ; (Er-Rághib, TA;) or he took the best, or choice, part, or portion, of it. (TA.) Yousay, صَفَوْتُ القِدْرَ I took the clear, or pure, part, or portion, [of the contents] of the cooking-pot. (S.) 2 صفّاهُ, inf. n. تَصْفِيَةٌ, He cleared, or clarified, it, namely, wine, or beverage, (S, TA,) by means of the رَاوُوق [or مِصْفَاة]. (TA.) And He removed from it the floating particles, or motes, or the like, that had fallen into it; (TA;) or so صفّاهُ مِنَ القَذَى. (Msb.) b2: And صفّى عَرَمَتَهُ, inf. n. as above, He winnowed his heap of trodden-out corn, or grain. (TA.) 3 صافاهُ, (S, M, K, TA,) inf. n. مُصَافَاةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He regarded him, or acted towards him, with reciprocal purity of mind, or sincerity; or with reciprocal purity, or sincerity, of love, or affection; syn. خَالَصَهُ; (S in art. خلص;) he rendered him true, or sincere, brotherly affection; (M, K, TA;) as also ↓ اصفاهُ; (K;) or الوُدَّ ↓ اصفاهُ, (S, Msb,) or المَوَدَّةَ, (TA,) he rendered him pure, or sincere, love or affection; (S, Msb, TA;) and [in like manner] one says also صافاهُ الإِخَآءَ. (TA.) 4 اصفاهُ الشَّىْءَ He made the thing to be his, or he assigned, or appropriated, to him the thing, purely, absolutely, or exclusively. (TA.) b2: See also 3 in two places. b3: And اصفاهُ (S, Msb, K, TA) بِالشَّىْءِ (S) or بِكَذَا (K, TA) (tropical:) He chose him in preference to others (S, Msb, K, TA) for, or to give him, the thing or such a thing; (S, K, TA;) and he distinguished him particularly, peculiarly, or specially, i. e. above, or from, or exclusively of, others, by the thing or by such a thing. (TA.) b4: And اصفى عِيَالَهُ بِشَىْءٍ قَلِيلٍ (assumed tropical:) He contented, or satisfied, his family, or household, with something little, or scanty. (TA.) b5: اصفى الأَمِيرُ دَارَ فُلَانٍ means (assumed tropical:) The prince, or governor, took what was in the house of such a one: (S, * TA:) and مَالَهُ ↓ استصفى (tropical:) He took all his property. (S, K, TA.) A2: اصفى, intrans., (tropical:) He was, or became, destitute, or devoid, مِنَ المَالِ [of property], and مِنَ الأَدَبِ [of good education, good breeding, or polite accomplishments, &c.]: (S, K, TA:) as though clear thereof. (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) He (a man, TA) became exhausted of his sperma by women: (Az, K, TA:) or he ceased from sexual intercourse. (IKtt, TA.) b3: And اصفت said of a hen, (assumed tropical:) She ceased to lay eggs: (S, M, K, TA:) as though she became clear. (TA.) b4: Hence, (TA,) اصفى said of a poet, (tropical:) He ceased to utter poetry, or to poetize. (S, M, A, K, * TA.) A3: اصفى القَوْمُ The people had abundance of milk in their camels, and in their sheep or goats. (TA.) A4: اصفى said of a digger, He reached stone (صَفًا, M, TA, i. e. حَجَرًا, TA), so that he was repelled [thereby], (M, TA,) or prevented from digging [further]. (TA.) 5 تصفّى [It became cleared, or clarified]. (K in art. نطب.) 6 تَصَافَيْنَا We regarded one another, or acted reciprocally, with purity, or sincerity, [of mind, or] of love, or affection; syn. تَخَالَصْنَا. (S. [See also 3.]) 8 اصطفاهُ: see 1, last sentence but one. b2: Also He took it clear, limpid, or pure; (M, TA;) and so [accord. to SM, which, however, I think doubtful,] ↓ استصفاهُ, which is expl. in the K as signifying he reckoned it clear, limpid, or pure; though the former meaning is assigned in the M to اصطفاهُ only. (TA.) b3: And He chose, made choice of, selected, elected, or preferred, it, (S, M, K,) namely, a thing; (M;) as also ↓ استصفاهُ. (M, K.) And اِصْطَفَيْتُ كَذَا عَلَى كَذَا I chose such a thing in preference to such a thing. (TA.) But اِصْطِفَآءُ اللّٰهِ عِبَادَهُ [sometimes means God's creating his servants pure; for it] is sometimes by his bringing them into existence clear from the admixture that is found in others: and sometimes it is by his choice and judgment. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَصْفَوَ see 1, last sentence but one, in two places: b2: see also 8, in two places: b3: and see 4.

صَفًا Stones: or smooth stones: and one thereof is termed صَفَاةٌ: [i. e. the former word is a coll. gen. n., and the latter is its n. un.:] the two words being like حَصًى and حَصَاةٌ: (Msb:) or صَفَاةٌ signifies a smooth rock: (S:) or a hard and smooth stone, large, and such as does not give growth to anything: (M, K:) and the pl. of this is صَفًا [improperly thus termed a pl.] (S, M, K) and صَفَوَاتٌ, (M, K,) and (S, M, K) that of صَفًا, (M, K, *) not of صَفَاةٌ, (M,) أَصْفَآءٌ and صُفِىٌّ (S, M, K) and صِفِىٌّ: (M, K:) or صَفًا signifies stones that are broad and smooth: (ISk, TA:) and [accord. to F,] ↓ صَفْوَآءُ signifies the same as صَفَاةٌ, as also صَفْوَانَةٌ [in the CK erroneously written صَفْوَاة], of which the pl. is ↓ صَفْوَانٌ and ↓ صَفَوَانٌ, (K,) which last is said by El-Háfidh to be a mistaken pronunciation of صَفْوَانٌ; (TA;) [but correctly,] ↓ صَفْوَآءُ [which is a quasi-pl. n.] and ↓ صَفْوَانٌ [a coll. gen. n.] (As, T, S, M, TA) of which the sing. or n. un. is صَفْوَانَةٌ (S, M, TA) signify the same as صَفًا, (As, T, M, TA,) or stones, (S,) or soft, smooth stones; (TA;) or ↓ صَفْوَانٌ is used as a pl. and as a sing.; as a pl. meaning smooth stones, one of which is termed صَفْوَانَةٌ; and as a sing., stone, or a stone: (Msb:) the dual of صَفًا is صَفَوَانِ. (ISk, TA.) مَا تَنْدَى صَفَاتُهُ is a prov., (S,) applied to the niggardly, like مَا يَبِضُّ حَجَرُهُ, (S, in art. بض,) meaning (assumed tropical:) No good is obtained from him. (TA in that art.) And one says also, قَرَعَ صَفَاتَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He im-pugned his character; blamed, or censured, him; or spoke against him. (Mgh in art. غمز.) b2: الصَّفَا A certain place in Mekkeh (S, Msb) may be masc. or fem., as meaning either the مَكَان or the بُقْعَة. (Msb.) b3: [بِنْتُ صَفًا, accord. to Reiske, as stated by Freytag, signifies The echo.]

صَفْوٌ Clearness, limpidness, or purity; contr. of كَدَرٌ; (M, K;) like [the inf. ns.] صَفَآءٌ and صُفُوٌّ [&c. when used as simple substs.: see 1, first sentence]. (K.) See also صَفَآءٌ, below. b2: Also, and ↓ صَفْوَةٌ and ↓ صِفْوَةٌ and ↓ صُفْوَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) but only with fet-h when without ة, (AO, S,) The clear, or pure, part, or portion, of a thing; (S, M, Msb, K;) the best, or choice, part, or portion; (TA;) and so ↓ صَفِىٌّ, (K, * TA,) of a thing. (K, TA.) One says المَآءِ ↓ صَفْوَةُ, (T, TA,) and المَالِ, (AO, T, S, TA,) and الآخَآءِ, (T, TA,) and ↓ صِفْوَتُهُ, (AO, T, S, TA,) and ↓ صُفْوَتُهُ, (AO, S,) [i. e. The clear, or pure, part, or portion, or the best, or choice, of water, and of property, and of brothers,] but only صَفْوُ الإِهَالَةِ [the clear, or pure, part, or portion, or the best, or choice, of the grease, or melted fat, &c.]. (T, TA.) and Mohammad is said to be اللّٰهِ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ ↓ صَفْوَةُ and ↓ مُصْطَفَاهُ [i. e. God's choice one, or elect, or favourite, of his creatures]: (S:) and [in like manner] Adam is said to be اللّٰهِ ↓ صَفِىُّ i. e. the chosen one, or elect, of God. (TA.) صَفَاةٌ as meaning صَافِيَةٌ: see صَافٍ.

A2: Also n. un. of صَفًا [q. v.].

صَفْوَةٌ: see صَفْوٌ, in three places.

صُفْوَةٌ: see صَفْوٌ, in two places.

صِفْوَةٌ: see صَفْوٌ, in two places. b2: One says also, فِى الإِنَآءِ صِفْوَةٌ مِنْ مَآءٍ, or خَمْرٍ, i. e. [In the vessel is] a small quantity [of water, or of wine]. (M.) صَفْوَآءُ: see صَفًا, in two places.

يَوْمٌ صَفْوَانُ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ صَافٍ, (M, K,) A day in which the sun is clear, and which is very cold: (S:) or a cold day, (K,) or a very cold day, (M,) without clouds and without thickness [of the air]. (M, K.) b2: صَفْوَانُ is also a name of The second of the days of cold: (K, TA:) so called because the sky therein is clear of clouds: [as a proper name,] it is determinate, and imperfectly decl. (TA. [See also صُفَيَّةُ.]) A2: صَفْوَانٌ [as a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with ة; and said to be used as a sing. and as a pl.]: see صَفًا, in three places.

صَفَوَانٌ: see صَفًا.

صَفَآءٌ an inf. n. of صَفَا. (S, M, &c. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: [It is often used by moderns as meaning (assumed tropical:) Serenity of life, and of the mind; freedom from trouble; comfort; content; complacency; happiness, joy, or pleasure: and so, sometimes, ↓ صَفْوٌ.] b3: Also (tropical:) [Reciprocal purity or sincerity of mind, or of love or affection, or of brotherly affection; or pure, or sincere, reciprocal love &c.;] a subst, from صَافَاهُ. (TA.) صَفِىٌّ: see صَافٍ. b2: Also (tropical:) A friend who regards one, or behaves towards one, with reciprocal purity or sincerity of love or affection, or of brotherly affection: (S, * M, * K, TA:) pl. أَصْفِيَآءُ. (TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ صَفِىُّ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) [Such a man is the friend &c. of such a man]: and فُلَانَةُ صَفِىُّ فُلَانٍ and صَفِيَّتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a woman is the friend, &c. of such a man]. (Ham p. 430.) b3: See also صَفْوٌ, in two places. b4: Also (tropical:) The portion, of the spoil, which the chief, or commander, chooses for himself before the division; (S, Msb, K, TA;) and so ↓ صَفِيَّةٌ, of which the pl. is صَفَايَا: (S, Msb:) or, accord. to As, صَفَايَا is pl. of صَفِىٌّ, which signifies the portion which the chief chooses for himself, exclusively of his companions, such as the horse, and that which cannot be divided among the army: or, as AO says, the portion which the chief chose for himself, after [taking] the fourth part, such as the she-camel, and the horse, and the sword, and the girl or young woman; and thus it continued to be in the case of El-Islám, but the fourth became reduced to the fifth. (Msb.) b5: Also, applied to a she-camel, (S, M, K,) and to a ewe, or she-goat, (S,) Abounding with milk; (S, M, K;) or so ↓ صَفِيَّةٌ: (Z, TA:) or the former, a she-camel whose milk lasts throughout the year: (IAar, TA in art. شكر:) pl. of the former, (Sb, S, M, K,) or of the latter, (Z, TA,) as above: (Sb, S, M, Z, K:) Sb says that it is not pluralized with ا and ت because the sing. is without ة. (M.) b6: And A palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ) abounding with fruit; (M, K;) or so ↓ صَفِيَّةٌ: (Z, TA:) pl. of the former, (TA,) or of the latter, as above. (Z, TA.) صَفِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

صُفَيَّةُ a name of The first of the days of cold: (K, TA:) so called because the sky therein is clear of clouds. (TA. [See also صَفْوَانُ.]) صَافٍ Clear, limpid, or pure; free from كَدَر [or turbidness, &c.]; (Msb;) and so ↓ صَفِىٌّ, applied to anything. (M.) Applied to pasturage, the former word may mean Clear of dried-up leaves or similar rubbish: or it may be formed by transposition from صَائِفٌ, meaning “ of the [season called] صَيْف,” and so belonging to art. صيف. (M. [See also صَافٍ in another sense as formed by transposition from صَائِفٌ, voce صَافٌ, in art. صوف.]) In the phrase اللَّوْنِ ↓ صَفَاةُ applied by the poet Kutheiyir-'Azzeh to honey (جَنَاةُ النَّحْلِ), and expl. as meaning Clear in respect of colour, [ISd says,] I think that صفاة is originally صَفِيَة, as a possessive epithet. (M.) [صَافٍ is also applied to a sword, and the like, as meaning Bright, or free from rust.] And in the Kur xxii. 37, [instead of the common reading صَوَافَّ, pl. of صَافٌّ and صَافَّةٌ,] some read صَوَافِىَ, [pl. of صَافِيَةٌ, as well as of صَافٍ applied to irrational animals,] as meaning that the animals there mentioned are [to be regarded as] things purely [or exclusively] belonging to God. (TA.) b2: See also صَفْوَانُ.

A2: Also A certain fish, which [it is said] chews the cud; pl. صَوَافٍ. (TA.) صَافِيَةٌ [fem. of صَافٍ, q. v. b2: And also, as a subst.,] (tropical:) One of what are termed صَوَافِى الإِمَامِ, which means the towns, or villages, of those who have rebelled against him, which the Imám [or Khaleefeh] chooses for himself [as his peculiar property]: (A, TA:) or, as in the T, الصَّوَافِى signifies what the Sultán appropriates exclusively to those persons whom he specially favours: or, as some say, it means the possessions and lands which their owners have abandoned, or of which the owners have died leaving no heirs thereof. (TA.) مِصْفَاةٌ i. q. رَاوُوقٌ; (S, MA, K, TA;) i. e. A strainer; (MA; [thus accord. to modern usage;]) a clarifier; i. e. a thing from which clearing, or clarifying, is effected; called by the vulgar مصفيَّة [i. e. مِصْفَيَّة, and also مِصْفَايَة]: pl. مَصَافٍ. (TA.) عَسَلٌ مُصَفًّى [Clarified honey; or] honey cleared of the floating particles, or motes, or the like, that had fallen into it. (TA.) مُصْطَفًى: see صَفْوٌ, last sentence.

جفو

1 جَفَا, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. جَفَآءٌ; and ↓ تجافى; It did not keep, or cleave, to its place. (K.) You say, جَفَا جَنْبُهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ, (Mgh,) and عَنْهُ ↓ تجافى, (S, Mgh,) His side did not rest, or was restless, or uneasy, upon the bed; or shrank from it; (S, Mgh;) and heaved, or rose, from it: (Mgh:) or the former, his side did not keep, or cleave, to its place upon the bed: and the latter, it became withdrawn, or removed, from it. (TA.) And جَفَا السَّرْجُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (S Msb, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and ↓ تجافى; (S, Msb;) The saddle heaved, or rose, from the back of the horse: (S, Msb:) or did not keep, or cleave, to its place upon his back. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, إِنِّى أَجْفُو عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ مِنَ العِلْمِ Verily I recoil, shrink, or am averse, from some matters of knowledge, or science, and ignore them, or neglect them. (Mgh.) b3: Also جَفَا, (Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (Msb,) [and so the inf. n.,] said of a garment, or piece of cloth, It was thick, coarse, or rough: (Msb, TA:) and in like manner said of a reed-pen, it was thick, coarse, or rough, in its nib. (TA.) b4: [And hence, (see جَفَآءٌ, below, and جَافٍ,) He was, or became, thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make: and, more commonly, coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition, or in his intercourse and dealings with others; unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (See also 10.)] It is said in a trad., مَنْ بَدَا جَفَا, i. e. [He who abides in the desert] becomes coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition; [or unkind, hard, churlish, &c.;] by reason of mixing little with men. (TA.) b5: جَفَا عَلَيْهِ كَذَا Such a thing was, or became, heavy, onerous, burdensome, or oppressive, to him. (K.) A2: جَفَا جَنْبَهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ: and جَفَا السَّرْجَ: see 3. b2: جَفَتِ القِدْرُ زَبَدَهَا The cooking-pot cast forth its froth, or foam; as also ↓ اجفت; (TA;) [like جَفَأَت and اجفأت;] originally without ء. (Er- Rághib, TA.) And جَفَا السَّيْلُ The torrent drove away [things in its course]. (Msb.) b3: جَفَا الرَّجُلَ, aor. as above, He turned away from the man; avoided him; or shunned him: or he drove away the man; from جفا السَّيْلُ, explained above: sometimes meaning, with hatred. (Msb.) And جَفَاهُ He withdrew, or removed, far, or to a distance, from him: whence the saying of Mohammad Ibn-Sookah, لَمَّا قَلَّ مَالِى جَفَانِى إِخْوَانِى [When my property became little, my brethren withdrew far from me]. (TA) b4: And جَفَا مَالَهُ He did not keep, or cleave, or hold fast, to his property. (K.) b5: And جَفَاهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. جَفَآءٌ (S, K) and جَفْوٌ, (K,) He treated him, or behaved towards him, coarsely, roughly, rudely, unkindly, hardly, churlishly, uncivilly, or surlily: (S, K:) you should not say جَفَيْتُ. (S.) The pass. part. n. is ↓ مَجْفُوٌّ and ↓ مَجْفِىٌّ: (S, and K in art. جفى:) the latter formed in accordance with جُفِىَ, in which the و is changed into ى. (Fr, S.) b6: He did to him what displeased, grieved, or vexed, him; did to him what he disliked, or hated; did evil to him. (TA.) So in the trad., مَنْ حَجَّ وَلَمْ يَزُرْنِى فَقَدْ جَفَا [He who performs the pilgrimage to Mekkeh and does not visit me, i.e. does not visit my tomb afterwards, either on his homeward journey or by journeying to ElMedeeneh for that special purpose, does what displeases me]. (TA.) b7: جَفَتِ المَرْأُةُ وَلَدَهَا The woman neglected to take care of her child, or to pay frequent attention to it. (TA.) 2 تَجْفِيَةٌ [inf. n. of جفّى] signifies, in Persian, جفاء فرمودن [app. as meaning The ordering one to act, or to treat another, coarsely, roughly, rudely, &c.]. (KL. [Accord. to Golius, as on this authority, “i. q. جَفَا, sign. injuria affecit; duriter et inique tractavit: seu transit. ejus. ”]) 3 جافى جَنْبَهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ, and ↓ جَفَاهُ, He caused his side not to rest, or caused it to be restless, or uneasy, upon the bed; or caused it to shrink therefrom: and he heaved it, drew it up, or raised it, [making it to be separated by some space or interval] from the bed. (Mgh.) and hence, (Mgh,) جافى عَضُدَيْهِ (Mgh, TA) عَنْ جَنْبيْهِ (TA) He put, or set, his upper arms apart, or remote, from his sides. (Mgh, TA.) [Thus the Muslim is enjoined to do in prostrating himself in prayer.] And جافى السَّرْجَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (S, * Msb,) and ↓ اجفاهُ, (S, K,) and ↓ جَفَاهُ, (K, [said in the TA to be a mistake, but a similar usage of this verb has been mentioned above on the authority of the Mgh,]) He raised the saddle from the back of the horse: (S, Msb, K:) and in like manner, القَتَبَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ البَعِيرِ ↓ أَجْفَيْتُ [I raised the saddle from the back of the. camel]. (M, TA.) 4 اجفاهُ He made, or caused, him, or it, to be, or become, distant, remote, far off, or aloof. (TA.) b2: See also 3, in two places. b3: اجفى المَاشِيَةَ He fatigued the cattle, [in some copies of the S, تَبِعَهَا is put for أَتْعَبَهَا,] and did not let them eat, (Az, S, K, TA,) nor fed them previously, driving them vehemently. (TA.) A2: أَجْفَتِ القِدْرُ: see 1. b2: أجْفَتِ الأَرْضُ The land became like the جُفَآء, or rubbish and scum cast forth by the torrent of a valley, or by a cooking-pot, in respect of the departure of the good thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) 6 تجافى: see 1, in three places. [Said of a person prostrating himself, or lying down, it means He drew up his body from that on which he rested. And تجافى عَنْهُ generally signifies He, or it, receded, withdrew, removed, or became remote or aloof or separated by some space or interval, from him, or it: and he drew away, shrank, or flinched, from him, or it.] It is said, of the difference between الذَّبْح and القَتْل, that the former is by cutting the external jugular veins; and the latter, بِإِيقَاعِ الفِعِلِ فِى المَحَلِّ مَعَ التَّجَافِى [By causing the act to take effect upon the place thereof while standing aloof]; meaning that the قَاتِل strikes from a distance, not knowing whether he will hit the place or not. (Mgh.) And [hence] you say, تجافى لَهُ عَنْ حَقِّهِ (assumed tropical:) [He relinquished, i. e.] he gave, to him, his right, or due. (TA in art. خمص.) b2: He inclined, or declined, or turned, from side to side: and from right to wrong. (Har p. 125.) [See 6 in art. دفو.]8 اجتفاهُ He removed him, or it, from his, or its, place. (K.) 10 استجفاهُ He esteemed it (namely, a bed, &c., K) جَافٍ (S, K) i. e. thick, coarse, or rough. (TA.) b2: He demanded, or required, of him that he should do what was displeasing, grievous, vexatious, or evil. (TA.) A2: استجفى He became coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (KL. [See also 1.]) جَفًا: see جَفَآءٌ.

جَفْوَةٌ A single act of coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly, treatment, or behaviour. (TA.) b2: See also جَفَآءٌ, in three places.

جِفْوَةٌ: see جَفَآءٌ.

جَفَآءٌ is in make; [signifying Thickness, grossness, coarseness, roughness, or rudeness:] and in nature, or disposition; (TA;) signifying coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, (Mgh, Msb,) in one's intercourse and dealings with others; (Mgh;) unkindness, hardness, churlishness, incivility, or surliness; a predominant quality of the people of the desert; (Mgh, Msb;) from جَفَا said of a garment, or piece of cloth; (Msb;) contr. of بِرٌّ (S,) or of صِلَةٌ; (K;) as also ↓ جَفًا, (K,) accord. to Lth; but Az says that he knew not any one who allowed this latter: (TA:) so, too, ↓ جِفْوَةٌ and ↓ جَفْوَةٌ, in the sayings فِيهِ جِفْوَةٌ and جَفْوَةٌ [In him is coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c.] : (K:) and فُلَانٌ ظَاهِرُ الجِفْوَةِ Such a one is a person in whom coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c., is apparent: (S:) but accord. to Lth, جفوة [whether جَفْوَةٌ or جَفْوَةٌ is not shown] denotes a more constant quality than جَفَآءٌ (TA.) Yousay also, ↓ بِهِ جَفْوَةٌ, meaning He is suffering coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c. (K.) and الزَّمَنِ ↓ أَصَابَتْهُ جَفْوَةُ (tropical:) [The roughness, or rudeness, &c., of time, or fortune, smote him]; and جَفَوَاتُهُ [its roughnesses, or rudenesses, &c.]. (TA.) جُفَآءٌ The rubbish and scum cast forth by the torrent of a valley, and by a cooking-pot. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [See also art. جفأ.] b2: And hence, as being likened to the جُفَآء of the torrent, (tropical:) The first, or foremost, of men, or people. (TA.) [But see art. جفأ.]

جَافٍ [act. part. n. of 1:] applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (Mgh, Msb,) and to a bed, &c., (S, * K, TA,) Thick, coarse, or rough. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) b2: And [hence] applied to a man, (S, TA,) meaning Thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make; and coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition; coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly, in his treatment of, or behaviour towards, his companions: pl. جُفَاةٌ. (TA.) You say also, رَجُلٌ جَافِى الخِلْقَةِ [A man thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make]: and جَافِىالخُلُقِ niggardly and incompliant; coarse, rough, or rude, (K, TA,) in his intercourse and dealings with others; oppressive when angry and irritated against his companion with whom he sits. (TA.) And جَافٍ

عَنِ المَوْعِظَةِ [Obdurate against admonition]. (TA in art. جعظر.) مَجْفُوٌّ: see 1.

مَجْفِىٌّ: see 1.

جفو: جفاه: أبعده، وهجره، وتركه (تعليقات فليشر على المقري 2: 77 في الزيادات والتصحيحات، وفي التعليقات على المقري ص273 - 274). وتقول العرب فيما قرره فليشر: جفت جفوني النوم، في حين تقول (نحن الفرنسيين): جفا النوم جفوني. ولذلك يمكن أن تقرأ ما جاء في المقري (2: 195): جفا جفني المنامَ (بنصب المنام كما يرى فليشر). غير أن رفع المنام كما نشرته صحيح أيضاً، لانا نجد في المقدمة (3: 398) بيتا من الشعر فيه: جفا جفوني النومُ، والضمة فوق الميم في مخطوطتنا رقم 1350، ولا شك أن الشاعر قالها بالضم وإلا لقال: جفت جفوني.
ويقال: جفا الرقاد بمعنى جفا جنبه عن الفراش (عند فريتاج ولين) (ألف ليلة 2: 101).
وجفاه: لامه وعذله، أنبه وبكنه (فوك) جَفَّى بالتشديد (أنظر لين) تعني كما يقول جوليوس: قابله بجفاء. وعامله بجفاء (بوشر). وهذا المعنى قديم نجده في بيت للأعشى نقله ابن خلكان (1: 186).
وفي مخطوطة ليدن: نُجَفَّى (أنظر أيضاً معجم مسلم).
جافاه: أبعده، وأساء إليه، وجافته خليلته أبعدته وقست عليه (بوشر).
تجافي: لم يلزم مكانه، ومال من جانب إلى جانب. (البكري 159). وتجافى عنه: تولى عنه، وكف عنه، وعفَّ (المقري، 1: 55، 2: 75، 634، 2: 164، 273، 434) وفي كتاب الخطيب (24و): لم يكن من أهل نباهة ووقع لابن عبد الملك في ذلك مقل كان حقه التجافي عنه لو وفق (المقدمة 1: 160، 229)، (تاريخ البربر 2: 64، 148، 316، 318، 323، 334، أماري 387).
وقد تكون بمعنى لم يرغب فيه وامتنع عنه، ففي العبدري (58 ق): وأجرت بيتا في مكة وكان لا يزال يسكنه قوم من تونس (فتجافيت عن التضييق عليهم في السكنى معهم وانتظرت خروجهم. وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 12): وتجافى عن قبول شيء من السلطان.
وتجافى عن فلان: عفا عنه وامتنع عن الإساءة إليه. ففي حيان- بسام (3: 50 و): فتجافى الكفرة عنهم وخرجوا يريدون مدينة منشون. (في نسخة ب، 1: فتجفى غير أن المزيد تفعَّل من جفا غير مستعمل).
وتجافى عن دمه: امتنع عن قتله، وعفا عنه (تاريخ البربر 1: 597، 2: 22).
وتجافى عنه: ابتعد عنه وتركه (تاريخ البربر 1: 649، 2: 181).
وتجافى عن ملك الحضرة: ترك امتلاك العاصمة وامتنع عن ذلك (تاريخ البربر 1: 657).
وتجافى عن الإمارة: ترك الملك وتنازل عنه (تاريخ البربر 1: 620).
وتجافى لفلان عن الشيء: تركه له (بيان 2: 283، تاريخ البربر 1: 552، 581، 583، 595، 2: 98، 124 ومواضع أخرى، أبن بطوطة 3: 340).
وتجافى عن الشيء: نفر منه وكرهه، ففي تاريخ البربر (1: 367): وضمن هو تخريب المساجد لتجافيهم عنها (تاريخ البربر 1: 488، 2: 179، 192).
وتجافى بهم المنبت عن الحضارة والأمصار بعض الشيء، ابتعد أصلهم عن البقاء في المدن والسكنى في بيوت ثابتة (دي سلان) (المقدمة 1: 298).
وتجافى عن فلان: عفا عنه (دي ساسي قواعد 1: 78، شرح الحريري 413، تاريخ البربر 1: 42).
وتجافى لفلان عنه: تركه له (بدرون 296 حيث يجب قراءة النص كما ذكرناه) وانظر التعليقات في صفحة 127 - 128 منه.
وتجافى به: أبعده، وأقصاه (شرح ديوان مسلم).
استجفاه: وجد حافيا، ففي المقري (2: 560) في كلامه عن شاعر استجفاه أي وجد شعره ثقيلا غليظا غير (حلو المنزع) جَفْوَة: تباعد، تنافر. ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 185): كانت جفوة بين السلطان وخالد.
جفاء: قسوة، وشدة، صرامة. ففي الكلام عن الخليلة يقال: أعطته عين الجفاء: أي قست عليه وعاملته بشدة، ونظرت إليه بصرامة (بوشر).
جاف: فظ، غليظ، قاسي القلب، يقال: جافية على العاشق أي قاسية القلب على حبيبها (بوشر).
وجاف: ثقيل، توصف به وسائل النقل، وقطع الحجارة، والأسلحة (معجم الادريسي).
وجاف: بليد، أحمق، غليظ الذهن (فوك) وثقيل الروح، ثقيل الظل، مملّ، مضجر (فوك).
الأم الجافية: الغشاء الخارجي المغلف للدماغ والحبل الشوكي (بوشر).
مَجْفُوّ: كريه النظر، مشوه الخلقة.
ففي المقري (1: 306): رث الهيأة، مجفو الطلعة.