عشو

1 عَشَا, (TA, and so accord. to some copies of the K,) first Pers\. عَشَوْتُ, (S,) aor. ـْ (TA,) inf. n. عَشْوٌ and عُشُوٌّ; (KL;) as also عَشِىَ, like رَضِىَ [i. e. having for its aor. ـْ but the inf. n. is app. عَشًا, as in the similar sense expl. in the next sentence]; (TA, and so in my MS. copy of the K;) i. q. ↓ تعشّى, (S, K, TA,) [which is more commonly used than either of preceding verbs, and] which signifies He ate the [eveningmeal, or evening-repast, or supper, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء. (Msb, K, TA.) And عَشِيَتِ الإِبِلُ, (ISk, S, K, TA,) aor. ـْ inf. n. عَشًا, (ISk, S, TA,) i. q. ↓ تَعَشَّت [i. e. The camels ate the evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called the عَشَآء]. (ISk, S, K, TA.) b2: And عَشَاهُ, (K,) first Pers\.

عَشَوْتُهُ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـْ (S, TA,) inf. n. عَشْوٌ; (K, TA;) and inf. n. عَشْىٌ also, (TA, and thus in some copies of the K,) thus correctly, as in the M, عشيانًا in [some of] the copies of the K being a mistake for عَشْيًا, the aor. being also يَعْشِيهِ; (TA;) i. q. ↓ عشّاهُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) [which is more commonly used than either of the preceding verbs,] inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, (S,) i. e. He fed him (namely, a man, Msb, or a horse, or a camel, (S) with the [evening-meal, or supper, or the evening-pasture or evening-feed, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اعشاهُ: (K:) and عَشَا الإِبِلَ, (K, TA,) like دَعَا [i. e. having for its aor. ـْ (TA;) and ↓ عشّاها; He pastured the camels by night. (K, TA.) A2: عَشَوْتُهُ also signifies I repaired, or betook myself, to, or towards, him, or it, by night: and hence ↓ عَاشٍ is applied to any one repairing, or betaking himself, to or towards [an object]. (S.) b2: And عَشَوْتُ إِلَى النَّارِ, aor. ـْ inf. n. عَشْوٌ, I sought to be directed, or guided, or I directed, or guided, myself, by weak eyesight, to the fire: (S:) or I looked at the fire, or endeavoured to see it, and repaired, or betook myself, to it, or towards it; and I saw it, or looked towards it trying whether I could see it, and sought to be directed, or guided, to it by its light: (Har p. 535:) El-Hotei-ah says, مَتَى تأْتِهِ تَعْشُو إِلَى ضَوْءِ نَارِهِ تَجِدْ خَيْرَ نَارٍ عِنْدَهَا خَيْرُ مُوقِدِ [When thou comest to him, looking with blinking eyes towards the light of his fire and seeking to be guided by it thereto, thou findest the best fire, and at it is the best kindler]; meaning مَتَى تَأْتِهِ عَاشِيًا; using the marfooa verb between two verbs whereof each is mejzoom because the verb in the future tense when it occurs in the place of a denotative of state is marfooa: (S:) or عَشَا النَّارَ and إِلَى

النَّارِ, inf. n. عَشْوٌ and عُشُوٌّ; as also النَّارَ ↓ اعتشى and بِالنَّارِ; signifies he saw the fire by night from afar, and repaired, or betook himself, to it, or towards it, seeking to light himself thereby, (K, TA,) and hoping to obtain thereby guidance and good. (TA.) b3: And عَشَا عَنِ النَّارِ He turned away and went from the light of the fire. (TA.) b4: and عَشَوْتُ عَنْهُ I went, or turned, from him, or it, to another: whence, it is said, the saying in the Kur [xlii. 35], وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمٰنِ [and such as turns from the admonition of the Compassionate]. (S. See another explanation of this saying in what follows.) [This and other meanings expl. below are app. from what here next follows.] b5: عَشِىَ, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K,) dual يَعْشَيَانِ, not يَعْشَوَانِ, (S,) inf. n. عَشًا, (S, Msb, K,) He was, or became, weak-sighted: (Msb:) or he did not see by night, but saw by day: (S:) or he had bad sight by night and by day: or he was, or became, blind: [said of a man, and of a beast of the equine kind, and of a camel, and of a bird: (see عَشًا, below:)] and عَشَا, aor. ـْ signifies the same: (K:) or the two verbs differ in meaning; so as that وَمَنْ يَعْشَ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, in the Kur xliii. 35, thus read by some, means (assumed tropical:) and such as is blind to the admonition of the Compassionate, i. e., to the Kur-án; but مَنْ يَعْشُ, as others read, (assumed tropical:) such as feigns himself blind: (Ksh and Bd: *) [see also 6: and see another explanation of the latter reading, above: or] عَشَا signifies also he (a man, TA) did as does the أَعْشَى [q. v.]. (K, TA.) One says also, عشى مِنَ الشَّىْءِ, aor. ـو [thus in my original, but the pret. is app. عَشِىَ, and the aor. ـْ meaning He lacked strength of sight to perceive the thing. (TA.) And عَشِىَ عَنْ حَقِّهِ like عَمِىَ in measure and in meaning [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, blind to his right, or due]. (TA.) And لَا يَعْشَى إِلَّا بَعْدَ مَا يَعْشُو is one of their sayings, meaning [app. He will not become weak-sighted except] after his eating the [eveningmeal called the] عَشَآء: (TA:) [for it is said that] the eating of food in the night occasions weakness of sight more than [do] other things. (Har p. 52.

[العشآء is there written in one instance for العَشَا.]) b6: عَشِىَ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. عَشًا, means He wronged him; treated him wrongfully, injuriously, unjustly, or tyrannically: (K, TA:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.) 2 عَشَّوَ see 1, former half, in two places. One says, عَشِّ وَلَا تَغْتَرَّ, (Meyd, TA,) or عَشِّ إِبِلَكَ وَلَا تَغْتَرَّ [a prov., meaning Pasture thy camels by night, and be not negligent, or be not made to desire what is vain, or false]. (S. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 92.]) And عَشَّيْتُ الإِبِلَ عَنِ الوِرْدِ I pastured the camels with the [evening-pasture called]

عَشَآء, so that they might come to the water having satisfied themselves with food: and in like manner one says, ضَحَّيْتُهَا عَنْهُ. (A and TA in art. ضحو and ضحى.) And عَشِّ رُوَيْدًا Pasture thou the camels in the evening (عَشِيًّا) gently: and in like manner one says, ضَحِّ رُوَيْدًا. (A, TA.) and hence, عشّى عَنِ الأَمْرِ (inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, K) (tropical:) He acted gently, or deliberately, in the affair: (A and TA in art. ضحو and ضحى, and S * and K * in the present art.:) and in like manner, ضَحَّى

عَنْهُ. (A and TA in the former art., and S * in the present art.) A2: See also the next paragraph. [Hence,] عشّى الطَّيْرَ, inf. n. تَعْشِيَةٌ, He kindled a fire for the birds in order that they might become dim-sighted (لِتَعْشَى) and consequently be captured. (M, K.) 4 أَعْشَوَ see 1, former half. b2: [Hence, app.,] اعشى also signifies (assumed tropical:) He gave. (K.) A2: And اعشاهُ He (God) rendered him أَعْشَى [i. e. weak-sighted, &c.: and in like manner one says ↓ عشّاهُ: see 2, last sentence; and see also Har p. 52].5 تَعَشَّوَ see 1, first quarter, in two places. One says also, تعشّى بِهِ He fed himself with it [in the evening, or] in the time called the عِشَآء: and [in like manner] تَتَعَشَّاهُ is said of camels [as meaning they feed themselves with it, or pasture upon it, in the evening]. (TA.) And when one says to thee, تَعَشَّ [Eat thou the evening-meal], thou sayest, مَا بِى تَعَشٍّ, (S,) or مَا بِى مِنْ تَعَشٍّ, (TA,) [I have no desire for eating the evening-meal; see 5 in art. غدو;] and not مَا بِى عَشَآءٌ, (S,) or not ما بي مِنْ عَشَآءٍ (TA.) A2: See also 6.

A3: And تعشّاهُ signifies also He gave him an عِشْوَة [or عُشْوَة, i. e. a firebrand]. (TA.) 6 تعاشى He feigned himself أَعْشَى [i. e. weaksighted, &c.; and so ↓ تعشّى as used by Bd in xliii.

35]. (S, TA.) b2: And [hence] (tropical:) He feigned himself ignorant, (K, TA,) عَنْ كَذَا [of such a thing], as though he did not see it; like تَعَامَى. (TA.) 8 اعتشى He journeyed in the time of the عِشَآء

[or nightfall]: (K, TA:) like اهتجر meaning “ he journeyed in the time of the هَاجِرَة. ” (TA.) A2: See also 1, latter half.10 استعشاهُ He found him to be deviating from the right course, or acting wrongfully, injuriously, unjustly, or tyrannically, (وَجَدَهُ جَائِرًا, K, TA, in some copies of the K حَائِرًا,) فِى حَقِّ أَصْحَابِهِ [in respect of the right, or due, of his companions]. (TA.) A2: And استعشى نَارًا He guided himself by means of a fire. (K.) عِشْوٌ A bowl (قَدَح) of milk which is drunk at the time when the sheep, or goats, return from the pasture in the evening or afternoon, or after that time. (K.) عِشْىٌ: see عَشَآءٌ.

عَشًا inf. n. of عَشِىَ: (S, Msb, K:) [used as a simple subst., Weakness of sight: or sightlessness by night with ability to see by day: or] badness of sight by night and by day; as also ↓ عَشَاوَةٌ: (K:) it is in human beings, and beasts of the equine kind (دَوَابّ), and camels, and birds; as is said in the M: (TA:) or it is darkness that happens to the eye: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or blindness; (K, TA;) i. e. absolute destitution of sight. (TA.) عَشٍ applied to a he-camel, and عَشِيَةٌ applied to a she-camel, That exceeds the other camels in the [evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called] عَشَآء; each after the manner of the possessive epithet, having no verb. (TA. [And عَشِىٌّ is said to have a similar meaning.]) A2: See also أَعْشَى.

عَشْوَةٌ Darkness, (K, TA,) in [any part of] the night and in the سَحَر [or period a little before daybreak]; (TA;) as also ↓ عَشْوَآءُ: (K:) or the first of the darkness of the night: (Az, TA:) or the period between the beginning and [the end of] the [first] quarter of the night: (Az, S, K:) thus in the saying, مَضَى مِنَ اللَّيْلِ عَشْوَةٌ [A period between the beginning &c. of the night passed]: and one says also, أَخَذْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالعَشْوَةِ, meaning [I laid hold upon them] in the blackness of night: (Az, S:) the dim. is ↓ عُشَيَّةٌ. (Az, TA.) In the saying جَآءَ عَشْوَةَ, meaning عِشَآءً [i. e. He came at nightfall], it [is an adv. n. which] may not be used otherwise than thus: you may not say, مَضَتْ عَشْوَةُ. (TA.) b2: العشوة [app. العَشْوَةُ] as meaning العَشَآءُ, like الغدوة [app. الغَدْوَةُ] as meaning الغَدَآءُ, is vulgar. (TA.) A2: Also The venturing upon, or embarking in, an affair that is not clear; as also ↓ عِشْوَةٌ and ↓ عُشْوَةٌ: (S, K:) one says, أَوْطَأْتَنِى عَشْوَةً and عِشْوَةً and عُشْوَةً, meaning [Thou hast made me to venture upon, or embark in,] a confused and dubious affair: this is when you tell him of a thing by means of which you have made him to fall into perplexity or trial. (S.) b2: خَبَّاطُ عَشَوَاتٍ, occurring in a trad., see expl. in art. خبط.

عُشْوَةٌ: see عَشْوَةٌ.

A2: Also, (S, K, TA,) and ↓ عِشْوَةٌ, (K, TA,) A fire which one sees by night from afar, and to which, or towards which, he repairs, or betakes himself, seeking to light himself thereby: (K, TA:) or (TA) a firebrand (شُعْلَةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ). (S, TA.) عِشْوَةٌ: see عَشْوَةٌ: A2: and see also عُشْوَةٌ.

عَشْوَى A state of perplexity, and of having little guidance: so in the saying, إِنَّهُمْ لَفِى عَشْوَى أَمْرِهِمْ [or, perhaps, مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ, i. e. Verily they are in a state of perplexity, &c., in respect of their case, or affair]. (TA.) عَشَوِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the [time called]

عَشِيَّة [or عَشِىّ, q. v.]. (S.) عُشْوَانٌ A species of dates: (IDrd, K, TA:) or of palm-tress, (K, TA,) of such as are late in bearing. (TA.) عَشْيَانُ, (S, K, TA,) originally عَشْوَانُ, like غَدْيَانُ [q. v.] which is originally غَدْوَانُ, (TA,) A man (S) eating the [evening-meal, or eveningrepast, i. e. what is called the] عَشَآء; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَاشٍ. (TA.) عَشَآءٌ The meal, or repast, (S, Msb, K,) of the عِشَآء [or nightfall], (S, * Msb,) or of the عَشِىّ [or late part of the evening, &c.]; (S, * K, TA;) [i. e. supper, in a general sense;] opposed to غَدَآءٌ; (S;) as also ↓ عِشْىٌ: (K: [in the CK, العِشٰى is erroneously put for العِشْىُ:]) and in like manner both are used in relation to camels [as meaning their evening-pasture, or evening-feed: see an ex. voce عَتَمَةٌ, and another voce أَقْعَسُ]: (S, TA:) pl. of the former أَعْشِيَةٌ; (K, TA;) to which is added, in [some of] the copies of the K, and عُشِىٌّ; but this is correctly عَشِىَ, [or عَشَا, as in some copies,] and commences another sentence. (TA.) عِشَآءٌ [The time of nightfall; i. e.] the first, or beginning, of the darkness (Msb, K) of night: (Msb:) [this is the sense in which it is generally used, and always when it is used as applied to one of the five times of the divinely-appointed acts of prayer; صَلَاةُ العِشَآءِ, and elliptically العِشَآءُ alone, meaning the prayer of nightfall:] or it is [the time] when the sun has disappeared: (Az, TA:) or [the time] from sunset (K) [i. e.] from the prayer of sunset (Msb, TA) to the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]; (Msb, K, TA;) [and this is what is meant by its being said that it is] syn. with عَشِىٌّ: (S:) or [the time] from the زَوَال [meaning the declining of the sun from the meridian] to the rising of the dawn: (S, K:) so some assert, and they cite, as an ex., غَدَوْنَا غُدْوَةً سَحَرًا بِلَيْلٍ

عِشَآءً بَعْدَ مَا انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ [We went early in the morning, a little before daybreak, in a period between the declining of the sun from the meridian and the rising of the dawn, after the daytime had become halved]: (S, TA:) [sometimes] the Arabs said, أَقْبَلَتِ العِشَآءُ, meaning العَشِيَّةُ; and هٰذَا العَشِيَّةُ, meaning العِشَآءُ. (Msb voce صَوْتٌ.) العِشَاآنِ means The time of sunset and the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]: (IF, S, Msb, K: [compare הָעַרְבַּיִם in Exodus xii. 6 and xvi. 12:]) this is accord. to the saying that the عِشَآء is from the prayer of sunset to the عَتَمَة. (TA.) عَشَاوَةٌ: see عَشًا.

عَشِىٌّ [The late part of the evening: or the evening: or the afternoon: i. e.] the last, or the latter, part of the day; (Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ: (K, TA:) this is the meaning commonly known: (Mgh:) or [the time] from the prayer of sunset to the عَتَمَة [or darkness after nightfall]; (S, Msb, TA;) like عِشَآءٌ; (Msb;) and so ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ: you say, أَتَيْتُهُ عَشِىَّ أَمْسِ and أَمْسِ ↓ عَشِيَّةَ [I came to him late in the evening, or in the time between sunset and nightfall, &c., of yesterday]: (S, TA:) or عَشِىٌّ has the meaning expl. in the K [and mentioned above]; but ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ relates to one day: and one says, جِئْتُهُ عَشِيَّةً [I came to him late in an evening, &c.] and عَشِيَّةَ [late this evening, &c.], and أَتَيْتُهُ العَشِيَّةَ I came to him in the عشيّة [or late part of the evening, &c.,] of this day; and آتِيهِ عَشِىَّ غَدٍ [I will come to him in the late part of the evening, &c., of to-morrow (in my original اتيته, an obvious mistranscription,)] without ة when relating to the future; and أَتَيْتُكَ عَشِيًّا [I came to thee in the late part of an evening, &c.]; and أَتَيْتُهُ بِالغَدَاةِ وَالعَشِىِّ i. e. [I came to him early in the morning and late in the evening, &c., meaning,] every عَشِيَّة [or عَشِىّ] and غَدَاة: (TA:) or, as some say, ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ is a sing. [or n. un.] and عَشِىٌّ is its pl. [or a coll. gen. n.]: and, as IAmb says, sometimes the Arabs make ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ masc., as meaning عَشِىٌّ: (Msb:) or عَشِىٌّ signifies the time between the declining of the sun [from the meridian] and sunset: (Az, Mgh, Msb, TA:) or [the time] from the declining of the sun [from the meridian] to the صَبَاح [app. here, as generally, meaning morning]: (Er-Rághib, Msb, TA:) and sometimes it means the night: (TA:) the pl. is عَشَايَا and عَشِيَّاتٌ, (K, TA,) the former of which [is pl. of ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ, like the latter, or perhaps of عَشِىٌّ also, and] is originally عَشَايِوُ, then عَشَايِىُ, then عَشَائِىُ, then عَشَاءَى, and then عَشَايَا: (TA:) the dim, of عَشِىٌّ is ↓ عُشَيَّانٌ, irreg., as though formed from عَشْيَانٌ, and its pl. is عُشَيَّانَاتٌ; and another form of its dim. is ↓ عُشَيْشِيَانٌ, pl. عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٌ: and the dim. of ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ is ↓ عُشَيْشِيَةٌ, pl. عُشَيْشِيَاتٌ: (S, TA:) one says, ↓ لَقِيتُهُ عُشَيْشَةً

[another form of dim., properly meaning I met him in a short period of a late part of an evening, &c.], and [in like manner] ↓ عُشَيْشَانًا, and ↓ عُشَيَّانًا [in some copies of the K عشّانا], and ↓ عُشَيْشِيَةً

[accord. to the Mgh meaning عِشَآءً], and عُشَيْشَاتٍ, and عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٍ. (K.) صَلَاتَا العَشِىِّ [The two prayers of the afternoon] means the two prayers of the ظُهْر and the عَصْر; (Az, Mgh, Msb, K;) because they are in the latter part of the day (فِى آخِرِ النَّهَارِ), after the زَوَال [or declining of the sun from the meridian]. (TA.) In the phrase أَوْضُحَاهَا ↓ عَشِيَّةً [i. e. A late part of an evening, &c., or its early portion of the forenoon, meaning or an early portion of the forenoon of the same civil day], in the Kur lxxix. last verse, the ضحى is prefixed to [the pronoun referring to] the عشيّة because the ضحى and the عشيّة belong to the same [civil] day, [for this day is reckoned as the period from sunset to sunset,] (Ksh Bd, Jel, *) and also [by a kind of poetic license, for the sake of the rhyme, i. e.] because ضحاها occurs as a فَاصِلَة [q. v.]. (Jel.) b2: عَشِىٌّ also signifies, (K, TA,) and so does ↓ عَشِيَّةٌ, (K,) Clouds (K, TA) coming late in the evening or at eventide (عَشِيًّا). (TA.) b3: And the former, as an epithet applied to a camel, That continues long eating the عَشَآء

[i. e. evening-pasture, or evening-feed]: fem. with ة. (K. [See also عَشٍ.]) عَشِيَّةٌ: see عَشِىٌّ, in ten places.

عُشَيَّةٌ dim. of عَشْوَةٌ, q. v.

عُشَيَّانٌ, pl. عُشَيَّانَاتٌ: see عَشِىٌّ, in two places.

عُشَيْشَةٌ and عُشَيْشِيَةٌ, pls. عُشَيْشَاتٌ and عُشَيْشِيَاتٌ: see عَشِىٌّ; the latter in two places.

عُشَيْشَانٌ and عُشَيْشِيَانٌ, pl., of the latter عُشَيْشِيَانَاتٌ: see عَشِىٌّ.

عَاشٍ: see عَشْيَانُ. The fem., عَاشِيَةٌ, applied to camels, means Eating the [evening-pasture, or evening-feed, called the] عَشَآء. (ISk, S, K.) It is said in a prov., العَاشِيَةُ تَهِيجُ الآبِيَةَ [Such as are eating the عشآء excite such as desire not, or refuse; or she that is eating &c.]: i. e., when the camels that desire not, or refuse, the عشآء see those that are eating it, they follow them, and eat it with them. (S. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 83.]) And [the pl.] العَوَاشِى, (S, K, TA,) [when indeterminate, عَوَاشٍ,] as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, (TA.) signifies Those (S, K, TA) camels, and sheep or goats, (K, TA,) that are pasturing by night. (S, K, TA.) b2: See also 1, former half. b3: [Hence,] عَاشِيَةٌ signifies also Anything [meaning any man or animal] looking and repairing, by night, towards the fire of a person who entertains guests. (TA.) أَعْشَى Weak-sighted: (Msb:) or sightless by night, but seeing by day: (S:) or having bad sight by night and by day: and so ↓ عَش: (K:) fem. عَشْوَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) applied to a woman; (S, Msb;) [the masc. being applied to a man, and either masc. or fem. to a beast of the equine kind, and a camel, and a bird, (see عَشًا,)] and dual masc. أَعْشَيَانِ (TA) and fem. عَشْوَاوَانِ: (S, TA:) [and pl. عُشْىٌ.] b2: The fem. عَشْوَآءُ also particularly signifies. A she-camel that sees not before her, (S, K, TA,) [or that has weak sight,] and therefore strikes everything with her fore feet, (S, TA,) not paying attention to the places of her feet [on the ground]. (TA.) [Hence] one says, رَكِبَ فُلَانٌ العَشْوَآءَ, meaning (tropical:) Such a one prosecuted his affair without mental perception, or without certainty. (S, TA.) And خَبَطَهُ خَبْطَ عَشْوَآءَ (K, TA) (tropical:) He did it [at random, or] without aim; thus accord. to the M: (TA:) or be ventured upon it without mental perception, and without certainty: (K, * TA:) or, as some say, he took it upon himself without his endeavouring to ascertain the right course; the doing of which is sometimes, or often, attended with error: it is a prov., applied to him who goes at random and does not care for the result of his conduct. (TA. [See also 1 in art. خبط.]) b3: And عُقَابٌ عَشْوَآءُ An eagle that cares not how it beats the ground, and where it strikes with its talons. (TA.) b4: See also the fem. voce عَشْوَةٌ.

مُتَعَشًّى A place in which one eats the eveningmeal, or supper.] Quasi عشى عِشْىٌ: and عَشِىٌّ, &c.: see in art. عشو.

شدّ:
شدَّ: أوثق، ومصدره عند العامة شِدَاد (المقدمة 3: 367) وقد صححت البيت الذي وردت فيه هذه الكلمة وشرحته في الجريدة الآسيوية (1869، 2: 178) ومصدره كذلك عندهم شديد (بركهارت نوبيه ص387).
شَدَّ: بدل أن يقال شدّ الرحال، وشدّ الأحمال على الدوابّ (بوشر) يقال أيضاً: شجّ وحدها بمعنى أسرج الدابة أو حمَّلها. وحين تريد القافلة أن تسير يصرخ رئيسها: الشديد وهو مصدر شدّ. وحين يقال: شدّ على الفرس (البكري ص35، زيشر 22: 75) فلابد أن تفهم أن السرجَ محذوف. ويقال أيضاً: شد الحصان أي وضع عليه السرج (بوشر)، وشد الحمار: وضع عليه الاكاف أو البرذعة (بوشر، ألف ليلة 1: 447). وشد راحلةً (ألف ليلة 1: 397) وفي معجم بوشر: شد الحزام وشدّ وحدها بمعنى حزّم الدابة شد حزامها، وشدَّ: حمَّل، ففي ألف ليلة (1: 81): وشدينا عشرة جمال هدايا. وشدينا هي عامية شددنا.
شدّ الأزرار: زرّ. بكّل (بوشر) وهذا الفعل يستعمل أيضاً بمعنى زرّ، بكّل، وأنشب الابزيم، وشبك ببزيم (ألكالا).
شدَّ: أغلق (فوك).
شد عِمتُه: تعمم، لف العمامة على رأسه، ففي ميرسنج (ص33): شُدَّتْ عِمَّتُه أكثر دهره إلى التفسير (انظر ص124) أي وكان أكثر وقته حين يعتمر عمامته ليخرج من منزله فذلك لكي يفسر القرآن.
شدَّ: وتَّر، صلَّب (بوشر).
شدَّ القوس: وتّر القوس (بوشر، همبرت ص133).
شدَّ بالزود: أكثر من التوتر والمدّ (بوشر).
شدُّ: توتر، تصلب، تشدد (بوشر).
شُدّ: أوثق بالوثاق (ألكالا، بوشر).
شدَّ: جهز موضع الحرب وزوده بكل ما يحتاج إليه للدفاع. ويقال: شدّ بالرجال (عباد 1: 248).
وفي حيان (ص83 و): وشد الحاضرة برحاله.
وعند ابن القوطية (ص4 ق): شد موسى بن نصير حصون الأندلس.
شدَّ: حَزَم، النويري (إفريقية ص24 ق): وأخذ زيادة الله في مهد شد الأموال والجواهر والسلاح وما خفَّ من الأمتعة النفيسة.
شدّ: أصحف الكتاب، جلّد الكتاب (بوشر) شدّ على: ضغط على (بوشر) وفي رحلة ابن بطوطة (3: 36): كان يصافحه ويشد بيده على يده.
شدّ على فلان: ألح عليه (معجم الطرائف).
شدّ لفلان: معنى هذا الفعل غير واضح لدي في عبارة (زيشر 20: 506): وشد الغوات في سائر الفنون للإستادين.
شدّ مع فلان: كان في صفه ومن حوله (بوشر).
شدّ حَصْرَ المدينة: شدد الحصار عليها (عباد 1: 224).
شدّ للحصان: جر عناقه وزيّره (بوشر). وفي ألف ليلة (2: 46): شد لجامُ الحمار بمعنى أوقفه، وفي طبعة برسلاو (7: 21): مسك الحمارَ.
شدّ حقويه: تحزم على خصره (بوشر).
شدّ الأحمال: حزم الأحمال وربطها (بوشر).
شدّ حيله: تشجع (بوشر).
شدّ زورقاً: جهز زورقاً (ألف ليلة 2: 488) وقد ترجمها لين بهذا المعنى.
شدَّ السَيْرَ: أسرع في السير (معجم البيان).
شدّ ظهره: أعانه وأسنده وتحزّب له (بوشر، بدرون ص229).
شدّ العود: انظره في شد الوتر.
شدّ اللجام: انظره في شد للحصان.
شدّ على نفسه: تقلد الشجاعة، ففي حيان (ص101 ق): وعلم الداعي أميرهم إنه غير ناج فشد على نفسه وهمز فرسه واستعرض العدوَّ مقبلاً عليهم بوجهه فقاتل حتى قُتِل.
شد الوتر: ركب الوتر ورفع مقام الصوت (بوشر).
شد الأوتار: دوزن أوتار الآلة الموسيقية وأصلحها وعدلها (بوشر).
شد العود: دوزن أوتار العود وأصلحها وعدلها (ألف ليلة 1: 372، برسل 11: 448، 460، 12: 203).
شد الولدُ: قبل الولد عضواً في طائفة أهل الحرفة. واسمه حينئذ مشدود (لين عادات 2: 316).
شد يَدَه ب: الح ب، ففي عباد (3: 166): ثم شد يده بطلب حقه من ذلك.
شد يده على الشيء: تمسك به ولم يتركه، ويقال: شدُّوا أيديكم على الصدقات، بمعنى لا ترفعوها وتمسكوا بها (معجم الطرائف) ويقال أيضاً: شد يده بفلان أو شد بالشيء (معجم الطرائف) ففي حيان - بسام (3: 49 و): وشدَّ الكُفَّار أيديهم بمدينة بربشتر واستوطنوها.
كما يقال أيضاً شد كفّاً بفلان (معجم مسلم).
شدَّد. شدَّد في شروط الرواية والتحمل. أي طالب بقوة أن تتوفر كل شروط صحة الرواية ونقلها (المقدمة 2: 405).
شدَّد على فلان في: ألحّ عليه في (معجم الطرائف) وفي كليلة ودمنة (ص241): فإن الملك سأل عن اللحم وشدّد فيه وفي المسألة عنه.
شدّد: أرعد وأبرق، ففي المعجم اللاتيني العربي: ( baccare (bacchari.) لتحريد وتشديد) شدَّد: شدّ الأحمال وحزّمها (المقدمة 3: 364) (صحح الترجمة).
تشدّد على: عامل بشدة وقسوة (بوشر).
تشدّد على: استبسل وضري على (بوشر).
انشدّ: مطاوع شدّ (فوك).
اشتدّ: بالمعنى الذي ذكره فريتاج وهو قوي وزاد ويقال اشتد على بمعنى استبسل وضري على (بوشر).
وفي اخبار (ص70): واشتد يوسف على الخروج إلى الثغر.
اشتد: سدّ، أغلق (فوك).
اشتد المائع: خثر (محيط المحيط).
اشتد: كان عليه التشديد وهو الحرف وإدغامه. (أبو الوليد ص590، 640).
شدّ. شد العصب: تهيج العصب (بوشر).
شدّ: قوة، بأس (معجم الطرائف).
شدّ وجمعه مشُدُود: حزمة، حمل (معجم الادريسي، المقري 1: 230) وانظر إضافات.
شدّ وجمعه شُدُود: رباط، لفافة (ألكالا).
شدّ وجمعه شدود: شال من الموصلي (الموسلين) والحرير أو نسيج آخر يعتم به أو يتمنطق (الملابس ص213 - 214، محيط المحيط) وهي مرادف كلمة عمامة ذلك أنا نقرأ في ألف ليلة (برسل 4: 11) كلمة شد حيث نجدها في طبعة ماكن (3: 20) وذلك ما نجده بعد ذلك في طبعة برسلاو أيضاً التي رددت ذكر هذه الكلمة مرات عدة في بقية الحكاية (ص12).
وفي أيام فانسليب كان تطلق هذه الكلمة على عمامة مخططة بخطوط بيض وزرق يعتم بها الأقباط (نقل هذا دي ساسي (طرائف 1: 199) عنه. حين كان المسلمون يعتمون بعمامة بيضاء تسمى بالشاش، ولم يكونوا يفرقون بينهما قديماً في مصر. ثم فرقوا بينهما بعد ذلك كما يفرق بينهما في بلاد البربر.
وعند ميهرن (ص30): شد حجازي أو شد مطنبر نسيج من الحرير أصفر أو أبيض تتخذ منه العمائم.
شد مشنبر: عمامة مزينة بحواشي وأهداب حمر.
وهو أيضاً: شال من الموصلي أو نسيج آخر تلف به الرقبة ليحميها من البرد أو الحر، وهو يشبه النسيج الذي تتخذ منه العمائم (الملابس ص 214 - 215).
وأخيراً فكلمة شدّ يطلق على نطاق من القطن أو الحرير أو نسيج آخر (الملابس ص214)، محيط المحيط ألف ليلة، برسل 4: 322).
شدّ: يطلق في مصر على المنصب الذي يتولاه الشاد أي المفتش (مملوك 101: 111).
شدَّة وجمعها شَدَّات: حزمة. ربطة. (بوشر، مارسيل، أبو الوليد ص137) وفي النويري (إفريقية ص62 و): فقدتُ شدةً من المتاع (ألف ليلة برسل 2: 143، 12: 349).
شدّة: نصف حمل دابة موضوع في جانب ليعادل الجانب الآخر (بوشر).
شدَّة: حزمة: مجموعة أشياء مربوطة معاً (بوشر) وجمعها شُدد.
شدة بنادقة: دنانير ذهبية كانت تضرب بالبندقية منظومة (لين عادات 2: 412).
شدّة: الورق الذي يلعب به (محيط المحيط) وشدة ورق عند بوشر وهمبرت (ص90) وهي فيه بكسر الشين.
شدّة: بعض ما يعمل من أخلاط مختلفة كشدة الحبوب عند الأطباء إشارة إلى حبوب الدواء أو شدة الحبر عند الكتاب إشارة إلى الحبر (محيط المحيط).
الشدَّة: الحذاء (محيط المحيط).
شِدَّة: الشدة: القوة! الصلابة! (بوشر).
شِدّة: أزمة، عُسرة (بوشر). شِدَّة: غلاء، قحط مقابل رخاء (كرفاس ص72) وفي رياض النفوس (ص63 و): وكانت شدة عظيمة.
شِدَّة: فن إطلاق سهم ومزراق إلى مسافة بعيدة. (ابن الأبار ص84) وقد نقل من ابن حيان (ص22 ق، 23 و).
شِدَّة: تجليد، الطريقة التي يجلد بها الكتاب (بوشر) وغلاف الكتاب (همبرت ص111) شِدّة: جشع، حرص، حسب المعجم اللاتيني - العربي، ففيه avide ( كذا) رَغبَة وشُحَّ وشِدَّة. غير أني أرى أن هذا خطأ والصواب شَرَه أو شِرَّة.
شَدَاد: سرج (زيشر 22: 81، 120).
شَدِيد: تجمع على أَشِدَّة (رايت ص113).
شديد: صلب، قوي مقابل ليّن. يقال مثلاً: لحم السمك شديد (معجم الإدريسي).
شَدَادَة وتجمع على شدائد: حزمة، رزمة، بالِة، طرد، فردة (برجون أفريقية) وتجمع على شَدَادات (أبو الوليد ص142).
شَدِيدَة: نوع من العشب (652) (بارت 1: 32) شَدَّاد: اعرج، (فوك).
شَدَّاد: سائس، خادم الخيل (مملوك 1، 1: 112).
شَدَّادَة وجمعها شدّادات وشدائد: حزمة وربطة من نسيج الكتان (ألكالا).
شادّ ومُشِدّ: هو في مصر الرئيس والوكيل الضابط الذي يراقب الأعمال من كل نوع، ويحث الموظفين على العمل، ويجمع ضرائب الكمرك وغيرهما من الضرائب والخراج (مملوك 1، 1: 110، ميهرن ص29). وفي عصرنا هذا يطلق اسم المشد في مصر على من يتولى نقل الأوامر من وكيل السلطان إلى رؤساء القرى وعمدها (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 234).
شَادِّيَّة: هي في مصر هو المنصب الذي يتولاه الشادّ أي الوكيل والمفتش والرئيس (مملوك 1، 1: 111).
تشَدُّد: التصلب والمبالغة في الأمر وعدم التخفيف (بوشر).
تشَدَادات (جمع): رزُم، بالات، ربطات، طرود (أبو الوليد ص137 رقم 44) وقد وردت في مخطوطة واحدة.
تَشْدِيد: شدّ، حزق، ضغط، إيثاق. وهو مثل شِدّ (ألكالا).
مِشَدّ: نطاق تشد به المرأة نفسها (محيط المحيط).
مُشِدّ: انظر شادّ.
مِشَدَّة: كان على فريتاج أن يكتب Vitta ( زمام، عنان) بدل mitra ( عمامة) (جيلد مايستر، فهرس المخطوطات الشرفية في مكتبة بون ص38).
مِشَدَّة: منديل في عنق الفرس (مملوك 1، 1: 150) مكتوب مشدَّد: رسالة مستعجلة (بوشر).
مَشُدُود. المتاع المشدود: البضاعة التي تستعمل في الشَدّ (مثل العمائم والمناطق) أي نسيج من الموصلي (ملّر ص5).
مَشْدُود: حرف مضعف عليه التشديد (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 245).
مَشُدُود وجمعه مشاديد: تابع، رجل مسلح مستأجر من قبل شخص آخر فهو تابع له (ألف ليلة برسل 7: 92، 113، 114، 9: 193، 235، 236) وفي طبعة ماكن حلت كلمة وَلَد محل هذه الكلمة ومن تحت يده والجمع أتباع.
مُشُدُود: هو الذي قبل في طائفة أهل الحرف. (لين عادات 2: 316).
مٌتَشَدِّد: متصلب، متعصب، مبالغ في الأمر غير مخفف له (بوشر).
من غير اشتداد: حالاً، ارتجالاً، بلا استعداد (بوشر).
زود انْشِداد العصب: شدة توتر الأعصاب (بوشر)

شمر

1 شَمَرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. شَمْرٌ: see the next paragraph, in five places.2 شمّر, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَشْمِيرٌ, (S, K,) He raised, (S, Msb, K,) or tucked up, or contracted, (A,) his garment, (Msb, K,) or his waist-wrapper, (S,) [or his sleeve,] or his skirts. (A.) One says, شمّر عَنْ سَاقِهِ [He raised, or tucked up, his garment, or waist-wrapper, or skirts, from his shank]. (S.) [And in like manner, ↓ تشمّر signifies He raised, or tucked up, his garment, &c.: for] one says also, تشمّر عَنْ سَاعِدَيْهِ [He tucked up his sleeves from his fore arms]. (TA.) It is said in a prov., شَمَّرَ ذَيْلًا وَادَّرَعَ لَيْلًا i. e. [lit.] He contracted, or drew up, his [or a] skirt [and clad himself with night as with a tunic]: (TA:) or شَمِرْ ذَيْلًا وَادَّرِعْ لَيْلًا, meaning (tropical:) Use thou prudence, or precaution, or good judgment, and journey all the night. (S and K in art. درع.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) He strove, or laboured, exerted himself or his power or ability, employed himself vigorously or laboriously or with energy, or took extraordinary pains, (AA, Msb, TA,) and was quick, (AA, TA,) فِى الأَمْرِ [in the affair]; as also ↓ شَمَرَ, inf. n. شَمْرٌ: (TA:) and فِى العِبَادَةِ [in religious service]: (Msb:) and فِى سَيْرِهِ [in his pace, or journeying]; like تَجَرَّدَ and اِنْجَرَدَ. (L and TA in art. جرد.) Also, (K,) inf. n. as above; (TA;) and ↓ شَمَرَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَمْرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ انشمر, and ↓ تشمّر; (K;) (assumed tropical:) He passed along striving, or exerting himself, or vigorously: or he passed along with a proud and self-conceited gait; (K;) [and] ↓ مَرَّ يَشْمُرُ, inf. n. as above, has the latter meaning. (S.) And شمّر فِى الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, light, or active, (S, Msb, K,) and quick, (Msb,) in, or for, the affair: (S, Msb, K:) and شمّر لِلْأَمْرِ, and شمّر لِلْأَمْرِ أَذْيَالَهُ, (A, TA,) and شمّر عَنْ سَاقِهِ, (TA,) (tropical:) He was, or became, light, or active, and he rose, or hastened, to do the thing, or affair. (A, TA.) And شمّرت الحَرْبُ and شمّرت عَنْ سَاقِهَا (tropical:) [The war, or battle, became vehement; like كَشَفَتْ عَنْ سَاقٍ]. (A.) b3: Also He contracted a thing; syn. قَلَّصَ; (TA;) [and so, perhaps, ↓ شَمَرَ; for] الشَّمْرُ signifies تَقْلِيصُ الشَّىْءِ, like التَّشْمِيرُ: (K:) [or the author of the TA may have misunderstood this explanation in the K, and the meaning may be it (a thing) contracted, or became contracted; for قَلَّصَ is trans. and also (like قَلَصَ) intrans.: that شمّر has this latter meaning, whether it have also, or have not, the former, is shown by the statement that] one says, شَمَّرَتِ الشَّفَةُ meaning قَلَصَت [i. e. The lip became contracted, or became contracted upwards]: (M in art. قلص:) and ↓ تشمّر [in like manner] signifies it (a thing) contracted, or became contracted; syn. تَقَلَّصَ. (TA.) b4: Also, (inf. n. as above, As, S,) (tropical:) He launched forth a ship, or boat; let it go; let it take its course; (As, IAar, S, A, K;) and in like manner, a hawk; (A;) and he discharged, or shot, an arrow: (As, IAar, S, A, Msb:) and hence, (As, S,) (tropical:) he sent, sent forth, or sent away, (As, S, M, A, K,) a thing. (M, A.) [See also سَمَّرَ.] And شمّر الإِبِلَ, inf. n. as above; (TA;) and ↓ اشمرها; (K;) (assumed tropical:) He hastened the camels; made them to hasten; syn. أَكْمَشَهَا, [which seems to be either syn. with, or a mistranscription for, كَمَّشَهَا, (see سَمَّرَ,)] and أَعْجَلَهَا. (O, K, TA.) b5: And شَمَّرْتُ النَّخْلَ (tropical:) I cut off the fruit of the palm-trees; syn. صَرَمْتُهُ; (A, TA;) or so ↓ شَمَرْتُهُ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) [for]

الشَّمْرُ signifies صِرَامُ النَّخْلِ. (K.) 4 اشمر الإِبِلَ: see 2, last sentence but one. b2: اشمر الجَمَلُ طَرُوقَتَهُ The he-camel impregnated the she-camel covered by him. (O, K.) b3: اشمرهُ بِالسَّيْفِ He destroyed him with the sword; syn. أَدْرَجَهُ. (O, K.) 5 تشمّر: see 2, third sentence. b2: [Hence,] تشمّر لِلْأَمْرِ, (S, K,) or لِلْعَمَلِ (A,) and ↓ انشمر لَلامر, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He prepared himself (S, A, K) for the affair, (S, K,) or for the work. (A.) [Freytag mentions اشمر للامر in a similar sense, “Paratus fuit ad rem peragendam,” as on the authority of J; but I do not find it in the S,] b3: See also 2 as syn. with 1 and 7.

A2: [Also, app., as quasipass. of 2, It (a garment, &c., was, or became, raised, or tucked up, or contracted; and so signifies ↓ انشمر.] b2: See 2 again, in the latter part of the paragraph.7 انشمر: see 5, in two places. b2: See also 2 as syn. with 1 and 5. b3: Also He (a horse) hastened, or went quickly. (S, O. [Accord. to Freytag, the verb in this sense in the S is اشتمر; but this is a mistake.]) b4: And i. q. مَضَى and نَفَذَ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) It, or he, acted with a penetrative force or energy (see شِمْرٌ and شَمَّرِىٌّ)]; and so ↓ اشتمر. (TA.) b5: And It (the water of a wall) went away. (A, TA.) 8 إِشْتَمَرَ see the next preceding paragraph.

شِمْرٌ, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Light, agile, or active; acute, or sharp, or quick, in intellect; clever, knowing, or intelligent; syn. زَوْلٌ; and بَصِيرٌ; (ElMuärrij, O, K;) and نَاقِدٌ; (O, K;) thus accord. to the copies of the K [probably from the O]; but in the Tekmileh &c., نَافِذ, [which I regard as the right reading, meaning one who acts with a penetrative energy, or who is sharp, vigorous, or effective,] (TA,) in everything. (O, TA.) See also شَمَّرِىٌّ. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous; (O, K;) and courageous. (TA.) شَمَرٌ: see شَمَارٌ.

شِمْرَةٌ The gait, or manner of walking, of a vitious, or depraved, man; (O, K;) or, accord. to IAar, of a man who goes to and fro, and round about. (TA.) [See also شَنْرَةٌ.]

شَرٌّ شِمِرٌّ Severe evil. (S, O, K.) It is said in a prov., أَلْجَأَهُ الخَوْفُ إِلَى شَرٍّ شِمِرٍّ, (TA,) or أَجَآءَهُ, (so in a copy of the A,) [Fear compelled him to betake himself to that which was a severe evil:] i. e. he feared an evil, and fear reduced him to a greater evil. (A.) شَمَارٌ i. q. رَازِيَانَجٌ, in the dial. of Egypt, (O, K, TA,) also [and more commonly] called ↓ شَمَرٌ [applied to the Anethum graveolens, or common garden-dill, and to its seed; and also to the anethum fœniculum, or fennel: see also سَنُّوتٌ]. (TA.) شَمَّرِىٌّ [in the CK شَمَرِىٌّ, without teshdeed to the م,] (tropical:) A man, (S,) penetrating, or acting with a penetrative energy, or sharp, vigorous, and effective, in the performing of affairs, and expert, or experienced; (S, * K, TA;) mostly with respect to travel; (TA;) as though it were a rel. n. from شَمَّرَ; (S;) as also شِمَّرِىٌّ (S, K) and شِمِّرِىٌّ [in the CK شِمِرِىٌّ] and شُمُّرِىٌّ [in the CK شُمُرِىٌّ] and ↓ شِمْرٌ and ↓ شِمِّيرٌ, (K,) the last an intensive form, (TA,) and ↓ مُشَمِّرٌ: (K:) or clever in the performing of affairs, and quick: (Fr, TA:) or one who strives, labours, or exerts himself, and is clever and skilful: (Aboo-Bekr, TA:) or quick in evil, and in what is vain, or false; who strives, labours, or exerts himself, therein; from شَمَّرَ meaning “ he strove, laboured, or exerted himself, and was quick: ” (AA, Aboo-Bekr, TA:) or one who goes his own way, or pursues a headlong, or rash, course, and will not refrain. (Aboo-Bekr, TA.) b2: نَاقَةٌ شَمَّرِيَّةٌ, (S, K,) and شِمَّرِيَّةٌ, and شِمِّرِيَّةٌ, and شُمُّرِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) [all in the CK without teshdeed to the م,] and ↓ شِمِّيرٌ, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) A she-camel that is quick (S, K) in pace. (TA.) شَمُّورٌ, occurring in a trad. respecting 'Ooj Ibn-'Unuk, [or Ibn-'Ook,] as meaning something with which a mass of rock was hollowed out according to the size of his head, (TA,) Diamond: (K:) thought by El-Khattábee to have this meaning; but he says, “I have not heard respecting it anything upon which I place reliance. ” (IAth, TA.) شِمِّيرٌ (assumed tropical:) One who strives, labours, or exerts himself; who employs himself vigorously, laboriously, or with energy; (K, TA;) in the performance of affairs. (TA.) See also شَمَّرِىٌّ, in two places.

شَاةٌ شَامِرٌ, and شَامِرَةٌ, A ewe or she-goat, having her udder drawn up to her belly: (S, K:) an epithet having no verb. (TA.) b2: شَفَةٌ شَامِرَةٌ, and ↓ مُتَشَمِّرَةٌ, A contracted lip. (TA.) b3: لِثَةٌ شَامِرَةٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ مُتَشَمِّرَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ مُشَمِّرَةٌ, (so in a copy of the A,) A gum cleaving to the roots of the teeth. (A, K.) مُشَمِّرٌ: see شَمَّرِىٌّ: b2: and see also شَامِرٌ.

مُتَشَمِّرٌ: see its fem. voce شامِرٌ, in two places.