سِنْجَارُ:
بكسر أوّله، وسكون ثانيه ثمّ جيم، وآخره راء: مدينة مشهورة من نواحي الجزيرة، بينها وبين الموصل ثلاثة أيّام، وهي في لحف جبل عال، ويقولون: إن سفينة نوح، عليه السلام، لما مرّت به نطحته فقال نوح: هذا سنّ جبل جار علينا، فسميت سنجار، ولست أحقّق هذا، والله أعلم به، إلّا أن أهل هذه المدينة يعرفون هذا صغيرهم وكبيرهم ويتداولونه، وقال ابن الكلبي: إنّما سميت سنجار وآمد وهيت باسم بانيها، وهم بنو البلندى ابن مالك بن دعر بن بويب بن عنقاء بن مدين بن إبراهيم، عليه السلام، ويقال: سنجار بن دعر نزلها، قالوا: ودعر هو الذي استخرج يوسف من الجبّ وهو أخو آمد الذي بنى آمد وأخو هيت الذي بنى هيت، وذكر أحمد بن محمد الهمذاني قال: ويقال إن سفينة نوح نطحت في جبل سنجار بعد ستة أشهر وثمانية أيّام من ركوبه إيّاها فطابت نفسه وعلم أن الماء قد أخذ ينضب فسأل عن الجبل فأخبر به، فقال: ليكن هذا الجبل مباركا كثير الشجر والماء! ثمّ وقفت السفينة على جبل الجودي بعد مائة واثنين وتسعين يوما فبنى هناك قرية سماها قرية الثمانين لأنّهم كانوا ثمانين نفسا، وقال حمزة الأصبهاني: سنجار تعريب سنكار، ولم يفسره، وهي مدينة طيبة في وسطها نهر جار، وهي عامرة جدّا، وقدّامها واد فيه بساتين ذات أشجار ونخل وترنج ونارنج، وبينها وبين نصيبين ثلاثة أيام أيضا، وقيل: إن السلطان سنجر بن ملك شاه بن ألب أرسلان بن سلجوق ولد بها فسمّي باسمها، عن الزمخشري، قال في الزيج: طول سنجار ثلاثون درجة، وعرضها خمس وثلاثون درجة ونصف وثلث، وقد خرج منها جماعة من أهل العلم والأدب والشعر، قال أبو عبيدة: قدم خالد الزبيدي في ناس معه من زبيد إلى سنجار ومعه ابنا عمّ له يقال لأحدهما صابي وللآخر عويد، فشربوا يوما من شراب سنجار فحنّوا إلى بلادهم فقال خالد:
أيا جبلي سنجار ما كنتما لنا ... مقيظا ولا مشتى ولا متربّعا
ويا جبلي سنجار هلّا بكيتما ... لداعي الهوى منّا شنينين أدمعا
فلو جبلا عوج شكونا إليهما ... جرت عبرات منهما أو تصدّعا
بكى يوم تلّ المحلبيّة صابئ، ... وألهى عويدا بثّه فتقنّعا
فانبرى له رجل من النمر بن قاسط يقال له دثار أحد بني حييّ فقال:
أيا جبلي سنجار هلّا دققتما ... بركنيكما أنف الزّبيديّ أجمعا
لعمرك ما جاءت زبيد لهجرة، ... ولكنّها كانت أرامل جوّعا
تبكّي على أرض الحجاز وقد رأت ... جرائب خمسا في جدال فأربعا
جرائب: جمع جريب، وجدال: قرية قرب سنجار، كأنّه يتعجب من ذلك ويقول كيف تحنّ إلى أرض الحجاز وقد شبعت بهذه الديار؟ فأجابه خالد يقول:
وسنجار تبكي سوقها كلّما رأت ... بها نمريّا ذا كساوين أيفعا
إذا نمريّ طالب الوتر غرّه ... من الوتر أن يلقى طعاما فيشبعا
إذا نمريّ ضاف بيتك فاقره ... مع الكلب زاد الكلب وازجرهما معا
أمن أجل مدّ من شعير قريته ... بكيت وناحت أمّك الحول أجمعا؟
بكى نمريّ أرغم الله أنفه ... بسنجار حتى تنفد العين أدمعا
وقال المؤيد بن زيد التكريتي يخاطب الحسين بن عليّ السنجاري المعروف بابن دبّابة ويلقّب بأمين الدين:
زاد أمين الدّين في وصفه ... سنجار حتى جئن سنجارا
فعاينت عيناي إذ جئتها ... مصيدة قد ملئت فارا
وقد نسب إلى سنجار جماعة وافرة من أهل العلم، منهم من أهل عصرنا: أسعد بن يحيى بن موسى بن منصور الشاعر يعرف بالبهاء السنجاري أحد المجيدين المشهورين، وكان أوّلا فقيها شافعيّا ثمّ غلب عليه قول الشعر فاشتهر به وقدّم عند الملوك وناهز التسعين وكان جريّا ثقة كيّسا لطيفا فيه مزاح وخفة روح، وله أشعار جيدة، منها في غلام اسمه عليّ وقد سئل القول فيه فقال في قطعة وكان مرّ به ومعه سيف:
بي حامل الــصارم الهنديّ منتصرا، ... ضع السّلاح قد استغنيت بالكحل
ما يفعل الظّبي بالسّيف الصّقيل وما ... ضرب الصّوارم بالضّروب بالمقل
قد كنت في الحبّ سنّيّا فما برحت ... بي شيعة الحبّ حتى صرت عبد علي
وخرج من الموصل في سنة تسع عشرة وستمائة.

اب

1 أَبَّ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـِ (M, K,) agreeably with analogy in the case of an intrans. verb of this class, (TA,) and اَبُّ, (Az, T, S, M, K,) contr. to analogy, (TA,) inf. n. أَبٌّ (T, S, M, K) and أَبِيبٌ (M, K) and أَبَابٌ and أَبَابَةٌ (S, M, K) and إِبَابَةٌ; (M;) and ↓ ائْتَبَّ [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَبَّ]; (T, K;) He prepared himself, (Az, S, M, A, K,) and equipped himself, (Az, S, A,) for (لِ) departing, or going away, (Az, S,) or for journeying: (M, A, K:) or he determined upon journeying, and prepared himself. (T.) El-Aashà says, صَرَمْتُ وَلَمْ أَصْرِمْكُمُ وَكَــصَارِمٍ أَخٌ قَدْ طَوَى كَشْحًا وَأَبَّ لِيَذْهَبَا (T, S, M, TA,) i. e. I cut [in effect, while I did not really cut] you: for like one who cuts is a brother who has determined and prepared to go away. (TA.) [Hence,] لَا عَبَابَ وَ لَا أَبَابَ, [or لا عَبَابِ ولا أَبَابِ,] a prov. [which see explained in art. عب]. (TA.) [And hence the saying,] هُوَ فِى أَبَابِهِ, (S, M, K,) and أَبَابَتِهِ, and إِبَابَتِهِ, (M,) He is in his [state of, or he is engaged in his,] preparation or equipment [for departing or journeying]. (S, M, K.) The hemzeh in أَبَّ is sometimes changed into و; and thus وَبَّ, inf. n. وَبٌّ, signifies He prepared himself to assault, or charge, in battle. (T, TA.) b2: أَبَّتْ أَبَابَتُهُ, and إِبَابَتُهُ, His way, or course, of acting, or conduct, or the like, was, or became, rightly directed, or ordered. (M, K.) b3: ↓ أَبَّ أَبَّهُ i. q. قَصَدَ قَصْدَهُ, (K,) which signifies He tended, repaired, betook himself, or directed his course, towards him, or it: (S and Msb in art. قصد:) and also, he pursued his (another‘s) course, doing as he (the latter) did. (L in art. وكد.) b4: أَبَّدِ إِلَى وَطَنِهِ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ (IDrd, M, K) and اَبُّ, (K,) inf. n. أَبٌّ (AA, S, M, K) and إِبَابَةٌ and أَبَابَةٌ (M, K,) and أَبَابٌ, (TA,) He yearned for, longed for, or longed to see, his home. (AA, S, M, K.) 8 إِاْتَبَ3َ see 1, first signification.10 اِسْتَأَبَّهُ He adopted him as a father; an extr. form; (IAar, M;) from أَبٌّ, a dial. var. of أَبٌ: (TA:) regularly, اِسْتَأْبَاهُ. (M.) And استأبّ أَبًا and اِسْتَأْبَبَ أَبًا He adopted a father. (TA in art. ابو.) أَبٌ: see art. ابو.

أَبٌّ Herbage, (M, K,) whether fresh or dry: (M, * K, * TA:) or pasture, or herbage which beasts feed upon, (Fr, AHn, Zj, T, S, M, A, Msb, K,) of whatever kind, (AHn, Zj,) [or] not sown by men: (Msb:) it is, to cattle and other beasts, what fruit is to men: (Mujáhid, T, Msb:) or whatever grows upon the face of the earth; (Atà, Th, T, M;) whatever vegetable the earth produces: (K, * TA:) and also, green herbage, or plants: (K, * TA:) and, as some say, straw, (Jel in lxxx. 31, and TA,) because cattle eat it: (TA:) or herbage prepared for pasture and for cutting: (TA:) accord. to IF, (Msb,) dried fruits; because prepared for winter (Bd in lxxx. 31, and Msb) and for journeying: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَوُبٌّ, originally أَأْبُبٌ. (I' Ak p. 367.) You say, فُلَانٌ رَاعَ لَهُ الحَبُّ وَطَاعَ لَهُ الأَبُّ, meaning Such a one's seed-produce [or grain] increased, and his pasture became ample. (A.) A2: Also a dial. var. of أَبٌ, A father. (T, and MF from the Tes-heel of Ibn-Málik.) A3: أَبَّ أَبَّهُ: see 1.

أَبَابَةٌ and إِبَابَةٌ A way, or course, of acting, or conduct, or the like. (M, K.) [See 1.]

إِبَّانٌ The time, or season, of a thing: (Msb:) or the time of preparing, or making ready, of a thing: (Mgh:) as, for instance, of fruit: (Mgh, Msb:) it is of the measure فِعْلَانٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) from أَبَّ in the first of the senses assigned to it above, (Mgh,) the ن being augmentative; (Msb;) or of the measure فِعَّالٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) from أَبَّنَ “he watched” or “observed” a thing, (Mgh,) the ن being radical: (Msb:) but the former derivation is the more correct. (Mgh.) [See also art. ابن.]

اوف

1 آفَتِ البِلَادُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. أَوْفٌ and آفَةٌ (M, TA) and أُوُوفٌ, (M,) or أُؤُوفٌ, (TA,) The country, or countries, had therein what is termed آفَة [i. e. a blight or blast or the like, or a pest or plague or the like]. (M, TA.) and إِيفَ الطَّعَامُ, (Ibn Buzurj, T,) or الزَّرْعُ, (K,) or البَّشْىءُ, with the verb in the pass. form, (Msb,) like قِيلَ, (K,) The wheat, or seed-produce, or thing, became affected, or smitten, with what is termed آفَة [i. e. a blight, blast, taint, canker, or the like]. (T, K, Msb.) And آفَ القَوْمُ, (M, TA,) and أُوفُوا, (K,) thus in a correct copy of the 'Eyn, (TA,) and إِيفُوا, (Lth, T, K,) and أُفُوا, (K, TA,) [in the CK اُفِّفُوا,]) and إِفُوا, (Lth, T, K, [in the CK اُفُوا,]) the last, namely, إِفُوا, with the ا termed مُمَالَة, having a quiescent letter [i. e. ى] rendered apparent by utterance but not by writing, between it and the ف, (T, K, * [in which is a strange omission, of the words سَاكِنٌ بَيَّنَهُ اللَّفْظُ لَا الخَطُّ as in the T, or سَاكِنَةٌ يُبَيِّنُهَا الخ as in the TA,] TA,) The people became affected, or smitten, with what is termed آفَة [i. e. a pest or plague or the like]. (Lth, T, M, K.) Lth says, in this case one says إِفُوا, and in one dial. إِيفُوا: (T:) in several copies of his book, in one dial. أُفِّفُوا, with two distinct ف s, of which the former is with teshdeed: but in some copies as mentioned just before. (Sgh, TA.) آفَةٌ [A blight, blast, taint, canker, disease, bane, pest, plague, or the like; any evil affection; an evil; a cause of mischief or harm or injury; anything that is noxious or destructive; a calamity;] i. q. عَاهَةٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. (Msb, [in the K “ or,”]) an accident that mars, or corrupts, that which it affects, or befalls, or smites: (T, M, O, Msb, K:) pl. آفَاتٌ. (Msb, K.) [See 1.] One says, آفَهُ الظَّرْفِ الصَّلَفُ وَ آفَةُ العِلْمِ النِّسعيَانُ [The bane of elegance in manners, or the like, is the overpassing the due limits therein, and arrogating to oneself superiority therein, through pride; and the bane of science is forgetfulness]. (T.) And it is said in a trad., آفَةُ الحَدِيثِ الكَذِبُ وَ آفَةُ العِلْمِ النِّسْيَانُ [The bane of discourse is lying; and the bane of science is forgetfulness]. (TA.) And hence the saying, لِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ آفَةٌ وَ لِلْعِلْم آفَاتٌ [To everything there is a bane; and to science there are banes]. (TA.) مَؤُوفٌ, (Ks, T, S, M, Msb, K,) originally مَأْوُوفٌ, (Msb,) and ↓ مَئِيفٌ, (Ibn-Buzurj, T, K,) Affected, or smitten, with what is termed آفَة; (T, S, M, &c.;) applied to wheat, (Ks, Ibn-Buzurj, T, M,) or seed-produce, (S, K,) &c. (Msb.) مَئِيفٌ: see مَؤُوفٌ.

خشف

1 خَشَفَ, aor. ـِ (S, Sgh, L, K) and خَشُفَ, (L, K,) inf. n. خَشْفٌ, (S,) He, or it, made a sound, (L, K,) or what is termed حِسّ [i. e. a low, faint, gentle, or soft, sound], (S,) and an audible motion: (S, L:) said of a man: and said also of snow, as meaning it caused one to hear a [sound such as is termed] خَشْفَة in walking [upon it]; as is the case in intense cold. (S.) And خَشَفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. خُشُوفٌ, said of snow, It was rough, so that it caused one to hear a خَشْفَة in walking [upon it]: and in like manner said of ice; i. e. it was soft, or yielding [to the feet, crackling], or easily broken. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely, El-Katámee, (TA,) إِذَا كَبَّدَ النَّجْمُ السَّمَآءَ بِشَتْوَةٍ

عَلَىحِينَ هَرَّ الكَلْبُ والثَّلْجُ خَاشِفُ [When the asterism of the Pleiades culminates in winter, at the time when the dog whines by reason of the cold, and the snow causes one to hear a slight sound in walking upon it]: (S:) or, accord. to IB, the right reading is, بِسُحْرَةٍ [a little before daybreak, or in the last third of the night]: (TA:) حين is here mansoob because على is made to be redundant, and because it is prefixed to a verbal proposition: (S:) this is the more approved way in a case of this kind, when the verb commencing the proposition is a pret.; but some say على حِينِ. (I 'Ak p. 199.) b2: خَشَفَ said of water, It froze. (K.) b3: Said of cold, It was, or became, intense. (K.) b4: خَشَفَ ِى السَّيْرِ, (K,) inf. n. خَشَفَانٌ, (JK,) He hastened, made haste, or sped, [app. so as to cause a slight sound to be heard,] in going, journeying, or pace. (JK, * K.) And مَرَّ يَخْشِفُ He passed along hastening. (TA.) b5: خَشَفَ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S, TA) and خَشِفَ, (TA,) inf. n. خُشُوفٌ (S, K) and خَشَفَانٌ, (K,) He went away in, or into, the land, or country. (S, K.) And خَشَفَ فُلَانٌ Such a one journeyed away, went away, or departed, or became hidden or concealed, syn. تَغَيَّبَ, (K, TA,) in the land, or country. (TA.) b6: خَشَفَ فِى الشَّىْءِ (aor.

خَشِفَ, TA,) He entered into the thing; as also ↓ انخشف. (K.) b7: خَشَفَ, inf. n. خَشَفَانٌ, He (a man) went, or travelled, by night. (K.) b8: And He was bold, or daring, in night-journeying: or he went about, or round about, by night; (L, K, TK; but in the first and second, only the inf. n. is mentioned in this case;) and journeyed much by night. (L.) And خَشَفَ بِالقَوْمِ, aor. ـِ said of a guide of the way, He went about, or round about, by night, and hastened, or sped, with the party: (JK:) or خَشَفَ بِهِمْ, inf. n. خَشَافَةٌ, he (a guide of the way) acted with a penetrative energy, or with sharpness, vigorousness, and effectiveness, with them [in conducting them]; as also ↓ خشّف, inf. n. تَخْشِيفٌ. (K, * TA.) b9: خَشَفَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا She (a woman) cast forth her child [from the womb]. (K.) And خُشِفَ بِهِ He, or it, was cast, or thrown; as also خُفِشَ به, and حُفِشَ به. (TA.) A2: خَشَفَ رَأْسَهُ بِالحَجَرِ He (a man, S) broke his head with the stone. (S, K.) 2 خَشَّفَ see 1.3 خاشف, (K,) inf. n. مُخَاشَفَةٌ, (JK, TA,) It (an arrow) caused a [sound such as is termed]

حَشْفَة to be heard on its hitting the object aimed at: (K, * TA:) or it (an arrow) caused a [confused sound such as is termed] خَشْخَشَة to be heard from the inside of the animal hit thereby. (JK.) b2: خاشف فِى الشَّرِّ, and إِلَى الشَّرِّ, He hastened in doing, and to do, evil, or mischief. (TA.) b3: خاشف فِى ذِمَّتِهِ He hastened in breaking, or violating, his compact, covenant, or promise of protection or safeguard, or of security or safety. (K, * TA.) b4: خاشف الإِبِلَ لَيْلَتَهُ He went, or kept pace, with the camels during his night; syn. سَايَرَهَا. (K.) 7 إِنْخَشَفَ see 1.

خُشْفٌ: see خَشْفَةٌ, in two places: A2: and خِشْفٌ: A3: and خَاشِفٌ.

خُشْفٌ: see what next follows.

خِشْفٌ (As, JK, IDrd, Msb, K) and ↓ خُشْفٌ and ↓ خَشْفٌ, (K,) the second of which is said by MF to be the most common, and then the first, (TA,) [but this is a mistake, for the first is the only form commonly occurring,] The young one of the gazelle; (JK, Msb;) applied to the male and the female; (Msb;) or the female is termed خشفة [i. e. خِشْفَةٌ and خِشْفَةِ and خَشْفَةٌ]: (K:) or the young one of the gazelle in the first stage after its birth: (K:) or after it is termed طَلًا; for it is called by the latter appellation when just born: (As, TA: [see شَصَرٌ:]) or after it is termed جَدَايَة: (TA:) or when it first walks: or she that flees, or goes away, from, or of, (مِنْ,) her young ones: (K: [a strange (as well as an ambiguous) explanation, seeing that the fem. is said in the K to be with ة:] pl. خُشُوفٌ, (Msb,) or خِشَفَةٌ. (K.) خَشَفٌ and ↓ خَشِيفٌ Rough snow, (JK, K,) that causes one to hear a [sound such as is termed] خَشْفَة in walking [upon it]: (TA:) and (in like manner, TA) ice that is soft, or yielding [to the feet, crackling], or easily broken: (K:) or the latter signifies [simply] snow. (S.) One says, ↓ أَصَبَحَ المَآءُ خَشِيفًا [The water became ice such as was soft, &c.]. (JK, TA.) [See also خَاشِفٌ.]

خَشْفَةٌ (JK, S, K) and ↓ خَشَفَةٌ (Mgh, K) and ↓ خَشْفٌ (K) A sound: (K:) or such as is termed حِسٌّ; (S;) [i. e.] a low, faint, gentle, or soft, sound: (JK:) and a motion: (JK, S, K:) or a low, faint, gentle, or soft, حِسّ: or the first signifies the sound of the creeping of serpents; and the sound of the hyena: (K:) or a sound that is not loud, or vehement; (A 'Obeyd;) and so ↓ the second: (Mgh:) or a single sound; so accord. to Fr: (Az, TA:) and ↓ the last signifies the sound of a sword falling upon flesh, and upon a weapon or weapons: and the sound of feet, such as is not loud, or vehement. (TA.) A2: Also the first, A [tract of high ground such as is termed]

قُفّ that is mostly soft. (L, K.) خَشَفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

خَشُوفٌ A quick, or swift, man. (S.) b2: One going away, or who goes away, into the land, or country; as also ↓ خَشِيفٌ and ↓ خَاشِفٌ. (K.) b3: One entering, or who enters, into a thing; as also ↓ خَشِيفٌ and ↓ خَاشِفٌ and ↓ مِخشَفٌ. (K.) One who enters into affairs (K, TA) and fears not, or dreads not; as also ↓ مِخْشَفٌ. (TA.) b4: Also and ↓ خَاشِفٌ and ↓ خَاشِفَةٌ sings. of خُشَّفٌ, which signifies Camels that journey by night: (S:) or, accord. to IB, the sing. of this pl. is خَاشِفٌ only: and the pl. of خُشُوفٌ is خُشَّفٌ [a mistranscription for خُشُفٌ]. (L.) b5: See also مِخْشَفٌ: b6: and the paragraph here next following.

خَشِيفٌ: see خَشَفٌ, in two places: A2: and خَشُوفٌ also, in two places. b2: Also A sharp, or penetrating, sword; and so ↓ خَاشِفٌ and ↓ خَشُوفٌ: (K:) or, applied to a sword, i. q. خَشِيبٌ [q. v.]. (JK.) b3: And Water that runs in a [watercourse such as is termed] بَطْحَآء, beneath the pebbles, two or three days, and then goes away. (TA.) الخَشَّافُ: see مِخْشَفٌ. b2: أُمُّ خَشَّافٍ Calamity, or misfortune; (JK, K;) as also خَشَّافٌ, without أُمّ. (TA.) خُشَّافٌ A certain nocturnal flying thing; (Msb;) the خُفَّاش [or bat], (S, K, Msb,) that flies by night: so says El-Fárábee, in section ش: (Msb:) formed by transposition from the latter word, which is the more chaste: (Sgh, Msb, TA:) or rather so called because of its خَفَشَان, i. e. its going about, or round about, by night: (Lth, TA:) or a certain flying thing, having two small eyes: (TA:) as some say, (S,) and thus also says El-Fárábee, (Msb,) the خُطَّاف [or swallow]: (S, Msb, TA:) he who says خُفَّاشٌ derives its name from the smallness of its eyes. (Lth, TA.) خَاشِفٌ [act. part. n. of 1; fem. with ة]: see 1. b2: Water freezing, or in a state of congelation, and so ↓ خَشْفٌ. (TA.) [See خَشَفٌ.] b3: See also خَشُوفٌ, in four places: b4: and see خَشِيفٌ. b5: Also A boy light, or active, and brisk, lively, or sprightly; like خَاسِفٌ. (TA in art. خسف.) أَخَاشِفُ Hard tracts of land: with س, it signifies such as are soft. (Fr, K.) مَخْشَفٌ A place of ice; (Sgh, K;) [an icehouse;] this is the meaning of the term by which Lth explains it, namely, يَخَدَان, (Sgh, TA,) [or يَخْدَانْ,] which is Persian, and which the author of the L has mistranscribed نَجْرَان, adding thereto الذى يجرى عليه الباب. (TA.) ظَبْيَةٌ مُخْشِفٌ A she-gazelle having a خِشْف. (Sgh, K.) مِخْشَفٌ: see خَشُوفٌ, in two places. b2: Also A guide of the way (Lth, JK, K) who travels, or goes about, with people by night: (Lth, JK:) or who acts with a penetrative energy, and with sharpness, vigorousness, and effectiveness. (K.) A man (AA, S) bold, or daring, (AA, S, K,) to encounter the night, (S,) or to encounter the terror of the night, (AA,) or in night-journeying: (K:) or who goes about, or round about, by night; as also ↓ خَشُوفٌ: (K:) or this last, one who fears not by night: (JK:) or who goes away boldly in the night or in any case. (AA, IB.) b3: المِخْشَفُ The lion; (K;) because of his boldness in going about: (TA:) and so ↓ الخَشَّافُ. (JK.)