جفو

1 جَفَا, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. جَفَآءٌ; and ↓ تجافى; It did not keep, or cleave, to its place. (K.) You say, جَفَا جَنْبُهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ, (Mgh,) and عَنْهُ ↓ تجافى, (S, Mgh,) His side did not rest, or was restless, or uneasy, upon the bed; or shrank from it; (S, Mgh;) and heaved, or rose, from it: (Mgh:) or the former, his side did not keep, or cleave, to its place upon the bed: and the latter, it became withdrawn, or removed, from it. (TA.) And جَفَا السَّرْجُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (S Msb, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and ↓ تجافى; (S, Msb;) The saddle heaved, or rose, from the back of the horse: (S, Msb:) or did not keep, or cleave, to its place upon his back. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, إِنِّى أَجْفُو عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ مِنَ العِلْمِ Verily I recoil, shrink, or am averse, from some matters of knowledge, or science, and ignore them, or neglect them. (Mgh.) b3: Also جَفَا, (Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (Msb,) [and so the inf. n.,] said of a garment, or piece of cloth, It was thick, coarse, or rough: (Msb, TA:) and in like manner said of a reed-pen, it was thick, coarse, or rough, in its nib. (TA.) b4: [And hence, (see جَفَآءٌ, below, and جَافٍ,) He was, or became, thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make: and, more commonly, coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition, or in his intercourse and dealings with others; unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (See also 10.)] It is said in a trad., مَنْ بَدَا جَفَا, i. e. [He who abides in the desert] becomes coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition; [or unkind, hard, churlish, &c.;] by reason of mixing little with men. (TA.) b5: جَفَا عَلَيْهِ كَذَا Such a thing was, or became, heavy, onerous, burdensome, or oppressive, to him. (K.) A2: جَفَا جَنْبَهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ: and جَفَا السَّرْجَ: see 3. b2: جَفَتِ القِدْرُ زَبَدَهَا The cooking-pot cast forth its froth, or foam; as also ↓ اجفت; (TA;) [like جَفَأَت and اجفأت;] originally without ء. (Er- Rághib, TA.) And جَفَا السَّيْلُ The torrent drove away [things in its course]. (Msb.) b3: جَفَا الرَّجُلَ, aor. as above, He turned away from the man; avoided him; or shunned him: or he drove away the man; from جفا السَّيْلُ, explained above: sometimes meaning, with hatred. (Msb.) And جَفَاهُ He withdrew, or removed, far, or to a distance, from him: whence the saying of Mohammad Ibn-Sookah, لَمَّا قَلَّ مَالِى جَفَانِى إِخْوَانِى [When my property became little, my brethren withdrew far from me]. (TA) b4: And جَفَا مَالَهُ He did not keep, or cleave, or hold fast, to his property. (K.) b5: And جَفَاهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. جَفَآءٌ (S, K) and جَفْوٌ, (K,) He treated him, or behaved towards him, coarsely, roughly, rudely, unkindly, hardly, churlishly, uncivilly, or surlily: (S, K:) you should not say جَفَيْتُ. (S.) The pass. part. n. is ↓ مَجْفُوٌّ and ↓ مَجْفِىٌّ: (S, and K in art. جفى:) the latter formed in accordance with جُفِىَ, in which the و is changed into ى. (Fr, S.) b6: He did to him what displeased, grieved, or vexed, him; did to him what he disliked, or hated; did evil to him. (TA.) So in the trad., مَنْ حَجَّ وَلَمْ يَزُرْنِى فَقَدْ جَفَا [He who performs the pilgrimage to Mekkeh and does not visit me, i.e. does not visit my tomb afterwards, either on his homeward journey or by journeying to ElMedeeneh for that special purpose, does what displeases me]. (TA.) b7: جَفَتِ المَرْأُةُ وَلَدَهَا The woman neglected to take care of her child, or to pay frequent attention to it. (TA.) 2 تَجْفِيَةٌ [inf. n. of جفّى] signifies, in Persian, جفاء فرمودن [app. as meaning The ordering one to act, or to treat another, coarsely, roughly, rudely, &c.]. (KL. [Accord. to Golius, as on this authority, “i. q. جَفَا, sign. injuria affecit; duriter et inique tractavit: seu transit. ejus. ”]) 3 جافى جَنْبَهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ, and ↓ جَفَاهُ, He caused his side not to rest, or caused it to be restless, or uneasy, upon the bed; or caused it to shrink therefrom: and he heaved it, drew it up, or raised it, [making it to be separated by some space or interval] from the bed. (Mgh.) and hence, (Mgh,) جافى عَضُدَيْهِ (Mgh, TA) عَنْ جَنْبيْهِ (TA) He put, or set, his upper arms apart, or remote, from his sides. (Mgh, TA.) [Thus the Muslim is enjoined to do in prostrating himself in prayer.] And جافى السَّرْجَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (S, * Msb,) and ↓ اجفاهُ, (S, K,) and ↓ جَفَاهُ, (K, [said in the TA to be a mistake, but a similar usage of this verb has been mentioned above on the authority of the Mgh,]) He raised the saddle from the back of the horse: (S, Msb, K:) and in like manner, القَتَبَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ البَعِيرِ ↓ أَجْفَيْتُ [I raised the saddle from the back of the. camel]. (M, TA.) 4 اجفاهُ He made, or caused, him, or it, to be, or become, distant, remote, far off, or aloof. (TA.) b2: See also 3, in two places. b3: اجفى المَاشِيَةَ He fatigued the cattle, [in some copies of the S, تَبِعَهَا is put for أَتْعَبَهَا,] and did not let them eat, (Az, S, K, TA,) nor fed them previously, driving them vehemently. (TA.) A2: أَجْفَتِ القِدْرُ: see 1. b2: أجْفَتِ الأَرْضُ The land became like the جُفَآء, or rubbish and scum cast forth by the torrent of a valley, or by a cooking-pot, in respect of the departure of the good thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) 6 تجافى: see 1, in three places. [Said of a person prostrating himself, or lying down, it means He drew up his body from that on which he rested. And تجافى عَنْهُ generally signifies He, or it, receded, withdrew, removed, or became remote or aloof or separated by some space or interval, from him, or it: and he drew away, shrank, or flinched, from him, or it.] It is said, of the difference between الذَّبْح and القَتْل, that the former is by cutting the external jugular veins; and the latter, بِإِيقَاعِ الفِعِلِ فِى المَحَلِّ مَعَ التَّجَافِى [By causing the act to take effect upon the place thereof while standing aloof]; meaning that the قَاتِل strikes from a distance, not knowing whether he will hit the place or not. (Mgh.) And [hence] you say, تجافى لَهُ عَنْ حَقِّهِ (assumed tropical:) [He relinquished, i. e.] he gave, to him, his right, or due. (TA in art. خمص.) b2: He inclined, or declined, or turned, from side to side: and from right to wrong. (Har p. 125.) [See 6 in art. دفو.]8 اجتفاهُ He removed him, or it, from his, or its, place. (K.) 10 استجفاهُ He esteemed it (namely, a bed, &c., K) جَافٍ (S, K) i. e. thick, coarse, or rough. (TA.) b2: He demanded, or required, of him that he should do what was displeasing, grievous, vexatious, or evil. (TA.) A2: استجفى He became coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (KL. [See also 1.]) جَفًا: see جَفَآءٌ.

جَفْوَةٌ A single act of coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly, treatment, or behaviour. (TA.) b2: See also جَفَآءٌ, in three places.

جِفْوَةٌ: see جَفَآءٌ.

جَفَآءٌ is in make; [signifying Thickness, grossness, coarseness, roughness, or rudeness:] and in nature, or disposition; (TA;) signifying coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, (Mgh, Msb,) in one's intercourse and dealings with others; (Mgh;) unkindness, hardness, churlishness, incivility, or surliness; a predominant quality of the people of the desert; (Mgh, Msb;) from جَفَا said of a garment, or piece of cloth; (Msb;) contr. of بِرٌّ (S,) or of صِلَةٌ; (K;) as also ↓ جَفًا, (K,) accord. to Lth; but Az says that he knew not any one who allowed this latter: (TA:) so, too, ↓ جِفْوَةٌ and ↓ جَفْوَةٌ, in the sayings فِيهِ جِفْوَةٌ and جَفْوَةٌ [In him is coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c.] : (K:) and فُلَانٌ ظَاهِرُ الجِفْوَةِ Such a one is a person in whom coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c., is apparent: (S:) but accord. to Lth, جفوة [whether جَفْوَةٌ or جَفْوَةٌ is not shown] denotes a more constant quality than جَفَآءٌ (TA.) Yousay also, ↓ بِهِ جَفْوَةٌ, meaning He is suffering coarseness, roughness, or rudeness, &c. (K.) and الزَّمَنِ ↓ أَصَابَتْهُ جَفْوَةُ (tropical:) [The roughness, or rudeness, &c., of time, or fortune, smote him]; and جَفَوَاتُهُ [its roughnesses, or rudenesses, &c.]. (TA.) جُفَآءٌ The rubbish and scum cast forth by the torrent of a valley, and by a cooking-pot. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [See also art. جفأ.] b2: And hence, as being likened to the جُفَآء of the torrent, (tropical:) The first, or foremost, of men, or people. (TA.) [But see art. جفأ.]

جَافٍ [act. part. n. of 1:] applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (Mgh, Msb,) and to a bed, &c., (S, * K, TA,) Thick, coarse, or rough. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) b2: And [hence] applied to a man, (S, TA,) meaning Thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make; and coarse, rough, or rude, of nature or disposition; coarse, rough, rude, unkind, hard, churlish, uncivil, or surly, in his treatment of, or behaviour towards, his companions: pl. جُفَاةٌ. (TA.) You say also, رَجُلٌ جَافِى الخِلْقَةِ [A man thick, gross, coarse, rough, or rude, of make]: and جَافِىالخُلُقِ niggardly and incompliant; coarse, rough, or rude, (K, TA,) in his intercourse and dealings with others; oppressive when angry and irritated against his companion with whom he sits. (TA.) And جَافٍ

عَنِ المَوْعِظَةِ [Obdurate against admonition]. (TA in art. جعظر.) مَجْفُوٌّ: see 1.

مَجْفِىٌّ: see 1.

جفو: جفاه: أبعده، وهجره، وتركه (تعليقات فليشر على المقري 2: 77 في الزيادات والتصحيحات، وفي التعليقات على المقري ص273 - 274). وتقول العرب فيما قرره فليشر: جفت جفوني النوم، في حين تقول (نحن الفرنسيين): جفا النوم جفوني. ولذلك يمكن أن تقرأ ما جاء في المقري (2: 195): جفا جفني المنامَ (بنصب المنام كما يرى فليشر). غير أن رفع المنام كما نشرته صحيح أيضاً، لانا نجد في المقدمة (3: 398) بيتا من الشعر فيه: جفا جفوني النومُ، والضمة فوق الميم في مخطوطتنا رقم 1350، ولا شك أن الشاعر قالها بالضم وإلا لقال: جفت جفوني.
ويقال: جفا الرقاد بمعنى جفا جنبه عن الفراش (عند فريتاج ولين) (ألف ليلة 2: 101).
وجفاه: لامه وعذله، أنبه وبكنه (فوك) جَفَّى بالتشديد (أنظر لين) تعني كما يقول جوليوس: قابله بجفاء. وعامله بجفاء (بوشر). وهذا المعنى قديم نجده في بيت للأعشى نقله ابن خلكان (1: 186).
وفي مخطوطة ليدن: نُجَفَّى (أنظر أيضاً معجم مسلم).
جافاه: أبعده، وأساء إليه، وجافته خليلته أبعدته وقست عليه (بوشر).
تجافي: لم يلزم مكانه، ومال من جانب إلى جانب. (البكري 159). وتجافى عنه: تولى عنه، وكف عنه، وعفَّ (المقري، 1: 55، 2: 75، 634، 2: 164، 273، 434) وفي كتاب الخطيب (24و): لم يكن من أهل نباهة ووقع لابن عبد الملك في ذلك مقل كان حقه التجافي عنه لو وفق (المقدمة 1: 160، 229)، (تاريخ البربر 2: 64، 148، 316، 318، 323، 334، أماري 387).
وقد تكون بمعنى لم يرغب فيه وامتنع عنه، ففي العبدري (58 ق): وأجرت بيتا في مكة وكان لا يزال يسكنه قوم من تونس (فتجافيت عن التضييق عليهم في السكنى معهم وانتظرت خروجهم. وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 12): وتجافى عن قبول شيء من السلطان.
وتجافى عن فلان: عفا عنه وامتنع عن الإساءة إليه. ففي حيان- بسام (3: 50 و): فتجافى الكفرة عنهم وخرجوا يريدون مدينة منشون. (في نسخة ب، 1: فتجفى غير أن المزيد تفعَّل من جفا غير مستعمل).
وتجافى عن دمه: امتنع عن قتله، وعفا عنه (تاريخ البربر 1: 597، 2: 22).
وتجافى عنه: ابتعد عنه وتركه (تاريخ البربر 1: 649، 2: 181).
وتجافى عن ملك الحضرة: ترك امتلاك العاصمة وامتنع عن ذلك (تاريخ البربر 1: 657).
وتجافى عن الإمارة: ترك الملك وتنازل عنه (تاريخ البربر 1: 620).
وتجافى لفلان عن الشيء: تركه له (بيان 2: 283، تاريخ البربر 1: 552، 581، 583، 595، 2: 98، 124 ومواضع أخرى، أبن بطوطة 3: 340).
وتجافى عن الشيء: نفر منه وكرهه، ففي تاريخ البربر (1: 367): وضمن هو تخريب المساجد لتجافيهم عنها (تاريخ البربر 1: 488، 2: 179، 192).
وتجافى بهم المنبت عن الحضارة والأمصار بعض الشيء، ابتعد أصلهم عن البقاء في المدن والسكنى في بيوت ثابتة (دي سلان) (المقدمة 1: 298).
وتجافى عن فلان: عفا عنه (دي ساسي قواعد 1: 78، شرح الحريري 413، تاريخ البربر 1: 42).
وتجافى لفلان عنه: تركه له (بدرون 296 حيث يجب قراءة النص كما ذكرناه) وانظر التعليقات في صفحة 127 - 128 منه.
وتجافى به: أبعده، وأقصاه (شرح ديوان مسلم).
استجفاه: وجد حافيا، ففي المقري (2: 560) في كلامه عن شاعر استجفاه أي وجد شعره ثقيلا غليظا غير (حلو المنزع) جَفْوَة: تباعد، تنافر. ففي تاريخ البربر (2: 185): كانت جفوة بين السلطان وخالد.
جفاء: قسوة، وشدة، صرامة. ففي الكلام عن الخليلة يقال: أعطته عين الجفاء: أي قست عليه وعاملته بشدة، ونظرت إليه بصرامة (بوشر).
جاف: فظ، غليظ، قاسي القلب، يقال: جافية على العاشق أي قاسية القلب على حبيبها (بوشر).
وجاف: ثقيل، توصف به وسائل النقل، وقطع الحجارة، والأسلحة (معجم الادريسي).
وجاف: بليد، أحمق، غليظ الذهن (فوك) وثقيل الروح، ثقيل الظل، مملّ، مضجر (فوك).
الأم الجافية: الغشاء الخارجي المغلف للدماغ والحبل الشوكي (بوشر).
مَجْفُوّ: كريه النظر، مشوه الخلقة.
ففي المقري (1: 306): رث الهيأة، مجفو الطلعة.

صفو: في معجم ألكالا وبوشر: صفى ويقال: صفا (الصديقُ أو الحبيب بمعنى أخلص له الحب. المقري 2: 403) ويقال: صفا له ففي المقري (11: 485) (وانظر إضافات): ثم لم تَصْفُ لي بَعْدُ. أي لم تخلص لي الحب.
صفا. صفا اللون: بهت وصار أقل دكونة (بوشر).
صفا له: خلص له، كان من ملكه. ففي أماري (ص135) (وانظر تعليقات نقدية) في كلامه عن جزيرة صقلية: وقد كانت صَفَتْ للمسلمين ثم صَفَتْ للفرنج.
صفا له: تفرّغ له، تعاطاه، اهتم به. ففي المقري (1: 488): فكان صفوة للعِلْم أكثر منه للعَمَل.
صفا: أنجز، أتم، أكمل (فوك).
صفا: كفّ عن الشرب (ألكالا).
صَفَّى (بالتشديد): رشح، نضح، رَوَّق، نفاه مما يشوبه من الكدر وأمرّه من خلال قطعة نسيج (ألكالا، بوشر). صَفّى: قطّر، صعَّد (ألكالا) وفيه المصدر تصفيه.
صَفّى: مخض، نزع الزبدة من اللبن (ألكالا).
صَفَى: رتّب، نظَّم، فرّق، يقال مثلاً: صَفّى الشعر (ألكالا) وفيه تصفية الشعر.
صَفَّى: أصفى، خلّص من الكدر، نقّى (هلو).
صفَّى: أنجز، أكمل، أتم (فوك).
اللوم المُصَفّى: البخل التام، الشحّ الكامل. (دي سلان، البكري ص62).
صَفّى: اتخذه صَفيّاً أي صديقاً مختاراً (ديوان الهذليين ص203).
أصْفَى. أصفى رئيس الجند: أخذ نصيبه من الغنيمة (معجم البلاذري).
أصفَى: استصفى الأموال، واحتكرها، وصادرها (معجم البلاذري).
أصفى: طلى بالكلس؟ وفي تاريخ البربر (1: 265): وأضفى عليها من الكلس. غير أن في مخطوطة لندن وفي طبعة بولاق: وأضفى عليها بالصاد المهملة.
تصَفَّى: سال، انهمر. فعند أبو الوليد (ص201): يتصفى الغيث من غمامه.
تصفّى المالُ: راج، نفق (بوشر).
تصفَّى دَمُه: فقد كل دمه (ألف ليلة برسل 12: 83).
غير متصفّين من الدين: غير مختصين بالدين. دي سلان تاريخ البربر (1: 53).
تصافَى. والعامة تقول: تصافوا أي توافقوا وارتفع النزاع من بينهم (محيط المحيط) اصطفى. اصطفى رئيس الجند: أخذ حصته من الغنيمة (معجم البلاذري).
اصطفى: استصفى، احتكر، صادر (معجم البلاذري، معجم الطرائف) وفي حيّان (ص29 و): واصطفى الأمير عبد الله في خلافته أيضاً منية نَصْر الخصي.
استصفى: بدل أن يقال استصفى أموال فلان أي صادرها يقال في نفس المعنى استصفى فلاناً (تاريخ البربر 1: 172، 459، 621).
صَفْوَة: بهجة، جذل، بشاشة، سرور. ففي حكاية باسم الحداد: أغلظ الناس طبع من لم يكن في زمان الربيع ذو صفوة.
صَفْوَة: عند العامة رماد (همبرت ص197 محيط المحيط).
صَفْوَة: عند العامة الماء الذي ينقع فيه الرماد (محيط المحيط).
صُفْوة: عند العامة الإناء الذي ينقع فيه الرماد (محيط المحيط).
أولاد فلان ذكور صفوة: عند العامة أي ليس بينهم أنثى (محيط المحيط).
صفية: رماد (بوشر، همبرت ص197).
صَفَوان: تستعمل صفة، ففي حيان - بسام (3: 49) (في مخطوطة ب فقط) صخرة عظيمة الجرم صفوانة الخلق.
صَفَاء: معناه عند المحدثين تسلية، لهو، سرور، ويقولون: عمل صفاء مع أي لها مع فلان (فليشر معجم ص58).
صَفاء: اسم نوع من القلانس تعتمرها الثريات من نساء مصر (وصفت في الجريدة الأسيوية 1856، 1: 75).
صَفَاوَة: صفاء، نقاء، خلوص (بوشر).
صَفِيّ: صافٍ، صفو الشيء وخياره (ألكالا).
صَفِيّ. بستان صَفيّ: نَزِه. ففي حيّان (ص29 ق): قسم أوقات نزهه وفرجه ما بين هاتين المثنْيَتَيْن الصفيَّتين (وقد أدخلت أل التعريف على الكلمة الأخيرة وهي غير موجودة في المخطوطة).
صَفَايا: بعض أراضٍ العراق التي استصفاها الخليفة عمر، وهي أراضٍ مات أصحابها في حرب المسلمين وأراضٍ كانت ملكاً للأجنبي الغاصب وقواده وأسرته وأراضي الأديرة وبيوت النار، وكل أرض يسهل استصلاحها. ((وهذا ما يسمى قطائع العراق فيما يقول قدامة)).
دي سلان الجريدة الأسيوية 1863، 1: 80 - 81) صفايا الملوك في الأندلس هي الثلاثة آلاف إقطاعة التي كان يملكها ويتيزا وتركها المسلمون لأولاده مكافأة لهم (ابن القوطية ص2 و، المقري 1: 162).
صفايا: تطلق على الأشخاص الذين أصبحوا خاضعين للأمير ويؤدون إليه الجزية. (تاريخ البربر 2: 33).
صُفَّية: مِصفاة، راووق (ويرن ص73).
صافٍ: حاصل، دخل (بوشر)، وهي في اصطلاح التجار الحاصل من ثمن المبيع بعد خصم التكاليف والنوافذ (محيط المحيط).
صافٍ: الصافي عند العامة الخلاصة والوجه الذي استقر عليه الرأي (محيط المحيط).
بياض صافٍ: عند العامة نقي خالص (محيط المحيط).
الأحمر الصافي: عند العامة ما يسمى بشديد الحمرة (محيط المحيط).
صافٍ: نبيذ يعمل من الزبيب (هوست ص218).
صافي الماية: لحن من ألحان الموسيقى (هوست ص258).
الصوافي: ما استصفى من الأراضي (معجم البلاذري). وأملاك الأمير (معجم الطرائف).
أصفَى: أكثر فرحاً وسروراً. (عباداً: 65، كوسج طرائف ص71).
تَصَّفَية: سيلان، حرقة البول. (شيرب) والتهاب الحالب. (دوماس حياة العرب ص425).
التصافي: هذه الكلمة التي يذكرها فريتاج مثلاً عن دي ساسي مشكوك فيها جداً كما أشار إلى ذلك دي ساسي (2: 61) نفسه.
مِصْفة: مصفاة، راووق (بوشر) وهي تصحيف مصْفى.
نصفى: مصفاة، راووق (بوشر).
مِصْفى الراعي: بلسكي، غاليون (نبات). (بوشر). ويعرف بالأندلس بمصفى الرعاة وذلك أن الرعاة تستعمله مكان المصفاة إذا أرادوا تصفية اللبن من الشعر الذي يسقط فيه (ابن البيطار 1: 170).
مِصْفَى: ابريق القهوة، دَلْوة، دَلَّة (زيشر 92: 100 رقم 35).
مُصَفٍ: غاسل الثياب (ألكالا) وفيه أيضاً: مُصَفّية: غاسلة الثياب.
مَصّفا: كلمة تكتب على النقود لتدل على أنها نقية المعدن (زيشر 9: 823).
مِصْفاة: مِشواة، مُصَبَّع (بابن سميث 1516).

صفو

1 صَفَا, (S, M, Msb,) aor. ـْ (S, Msb,) inf. n. صَفَآءٌ (S, M, Msb, K *) and صُفُوٌّ (M, Msb, K *) and صَفْوٌ (K, * TK) and صَفْوَةٌٰ and صِفْوَةٌ, (MA,) said of wine, or beverage, (S,) or of water, (TK,) or of a thing, (M,) It was, or became, clear, limpid, or pure; contr. of كَدِرَ; (S, M, K; *) or free from الكَدَر [i. e. turbidness, thickness, or muddiness]; (Msb;) or free from admixture. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And, said of the air, or atmosphere, It was, or became, cloudless; free from any particle of cloud. (M, K.) [And it is also said, tropically, of life; and of the mind, or heart; and of love, or affection; &c.] b2: صَفَتْ, (AA, S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (AA, S;) and صَفُوتْ; (M, K;) said of a she-camel, (AA, S, M, K,) and of a ewe, or she-goat, (AA, S,) She abounded with milk. (AA, S, M, K.) A2: صَفَا الشَّىْءَ He took the clear, or pure, part, or portion, of the thing; (M, TA;) as also صَفْوَهُ ↓ استصفى; (M;) and ↓ استصفاهُ [alone] signifies the same; (K, TA;) as also ↓ اصطفاهُ; (Er-Rághib, TA;) or he took the best, or choice, part, or portion, of it. (TA.) Yousay, صَفَوْتُ القِدْرَ I took the clear, or pure, part, or portion, [of the contents] of the cooking-pot. (S.) 2 صفّاهُ, inf. n. تَصْفِيَةٌ, He cleared, or clarified, it, namely, wine, or beverage, (S, TA,) by means of the رَاوُوق [or مِصْفَاة]. (TA.) And He removed from it the floating particles, or motes, or the like, that had fallen into it; (TA;) or so صفّاهُ مِنَ القَذَى. (Msb.) b2: And صفّى عَرَمَتَهُ, inf. n. as above, He winnowed his heap of trodden-out corn, or grain. (TA.) 3 صافاهُ, (S, M, K, TA,) inf. n. مُصَافَاةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He regarded him, or acted towards him, with reciprocal purity of mind, or sincerity; or with reciprocal purity, or sincerity, of love, or affection; syn. خَالَصَهُ; (S in art. خلص;) he rendered him true, or sincere, brotherly affection; (M, K, TA;) as also ↓ اصفاهُ; (K;) or الوُدَّ ↓ اصفاهُ, (S, Msb,) or المَوَدَّةَ, (TA,) he rendered him pure, or sincere, love or affection; (S, Msb, TA;) and [in like manner] one says also صافاهُ الإِخَآءَ. (TA.) 4 اصفاهُ الشَّىْءَ He made the thing to be his, or he assigned, or appropriated, to him the thing, purely, absolutely, or exclusively. (TA.) b2: See also 3 in two places. b3: And اصفاهُ (S, Msb, K, TA) بِالشَّىْءِ (S) or بِكَذَا (K, TA) (tropical:) He chose him in preference to others (S, Msb, K, TA) for, or to give him, the thing or such a thing; (S, K, TA;) and he distinguished him particularly, peculiarly, or specially, i. e. above, or from, or exclusively of, others, by the thing or by such a thing. (TA.) b4: And اصفى عِيَالَهُ بِشَىْءٍ قَلِيلٍ (assumed tropical:) He contented, or satisfied, his family, or household, with something little, or scanty. (TA.) b5: اصفى الأَمِيرُ دَارَ فُلَانٍ means (assumed tropical:) The prince, or governor, took what was in the house of such a one: (S, * TA:) and مَالَهُ ↓ استصفى (tropical:) He took all his property. (S, K, TA.) A2: اصفى, intrans., (tropical:) He was, or became, destitute, or devoid, مِنَ المَالِ [of property], and مِنَ الأَدَبِ [of good education, good breeding, or polite accomplishments, &c.]: (S, K, TA:) as though clear thereof. (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) He (a man, TA) became exhausted of his sperma by women: (Az, K, TA:) or he ceased from sexual intercourse. (IKtt, TA.) b3: And اصفت said of a hen, (assumed tropical:) She ceased to lay eggs: (S, M, K, TA:) as though she became clear. (TA.) b4: Hence, (TA,) اصفى said of a poet, (tropical:) He ceased to utter poetry, or to poetize. (S, M, A, K, * TA.) A3: اصفى القَوْمُ The people had abundance of milk in their camels, and in their sheep or goats. (TA.) A4: اصفى said of a digger, He reached stone (صَفًا, M, TA, i. e. حَجَرًا, TA), so that he was repelled [thereby], (M, TA,) or prevented from digging [further]. (TA.) 5 تصفّى [It became cleared, or clarified]. (K in art. نطب.) 6 تَصَافَيْنَا We regarded one another, or acted reciprocally, with purity, or sincerity, [of mind, or] of love, or affection; syn. تَخَالَصْنَا. (S. [See also 3.]) 8 اصطفاهُ: see 1, last sentence but one. b2: Also He took it clear, limpid, or pure; (M, TA;) and so [accord. to SM, which, however, I think doubtful,] ↓ استصفاهُ, which is expl. in the K as signifying he reckoned it clear, limpid, or pure; though the former meaning is assigned in the M to اصطفاهُ only. (TA.) b3: And He chose, made choice of, selected, elected, or preferred, it, (S, M, K,) namely, a thing; (M;) as also ↓ استصفاهُ. (M, K.) And اِصْطَفَيْتُ كَذَا عَلَى كَذَا I chose such a thing in preference to such a thing. (TA.) But اِصْطِفَآءُ اللّٰهِ عِبَادَهُ [sometimes means God's creating his servants pure; for it] is sometimes by his bringing them into existence clear from the admixture that is found in others: and sometimes it is by his choice and judgment. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَصْفَوَ see 1, last sentence but one, in two places: b2: see also 8, in two places: b3: and see 4.

صَفًا Stones: or smooth stones: and one thereof is termed صَفَاةٌ: [i. e. the former word is a coll. gen. n., and the latter is its n. un.:] the two words being like حَصًى and حَصَاةٌ: (Msb:) or صَفَاةٌ signifies a smooth rock: (S:) or a hard and smooth stone, large, and such as does not give growth to anything: (M, K:) and the pl. of this is صَفًا [improperly thus termed a pl.] (S, M, K) and صَفَوَاتٌ, (M, K,) and (S, M, K) that of صَفًا, (M, K, *) not of صَفَاةٌ, (M,) أَصْفَآءٌ and صُفِىٌّ (S, M, K) and صِفِىٌّ: (M, K:) or صَفًا signifies stones that are broad and smooth: (ISk, TA:) and [accord. to F,] ↓ صَفْوَآءُ signifies the same as صَفَاةٌ, as also صَفْوَانَةٌ [in the CK erroneously written صَفْوَاة], of which the pl. is ↓ صَفْوَانٌ and ↓ صَفَوَانٌ, (K,) which last is said by El-Háfidh to be a mistaken pronunciation of صَفْوَانٌ; (TA;) [but correctly,] ↓ صَفْوَآءُ [which is a quasi-pl. n.] and ↓ صَفْوَانٌ [a coll. gen. n.] (As, T, S, M, TA) of which the sing. or n. un. is صَفْوَانَةٌ (S, M, TA) signify the same as صَفًا, (As, T, M, TA,) or stones, (S,) or soft, smooth stones; (TA;) or ↓ صَفْوَانٌ is used as a pl. and as a sing.; as a pl. meaning smooth stones, one of which is termed صَفْوَانَةٌ; and as a sing., stone, or a stone: (Msb:) the dual of صَفًا is صَفَوَانِ. (ISk, TA.) مَا تَنْدَى صَفَاتُهُ is a prov., (S,) applied to the niggardly, like مَا يَبِضُّ حَجَرُهُ, (S, in art. بض,) meaning (assumed tropical:) No good is obtained from him. (TA in that art.) And one says also, قَرَعَ صَفَاتَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He im-pugned his character; blamed, or censured, him; or spoke against him. (Mgh in art. غمز.) b2: الصَّفَا A certain place in Mekkeh (S, Msb) may be masc. or fem., as meaning either the مَكَان or the بُقْعَة. (Msb.) b3: [بِنْتُ صَفًا, accord. to Reiske, as stated by Freytag, signifies The echo.]

صَفْوٌ Clearness, limpidness, or purity; contr. of كَدَرٌ; (M, K;) like [the inf. ns.] صَفَآءٌ and صُفُوٌّ [&c. when used as simple substs.: see 1, first sentence]. (K.) See also صَفَآءٌ, below. b2: Also, and ↓ صَفْوَةٌ and ↓ صِفْوَةٌ and ↓ صُفْوَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) but only with fet-h when without ة, (AO, S,) The clear, or pure, part, or portion, of a thing; (S, M, Msb, K;) the best, or choice, part, or portion; (TA;) and so ↓ صَفِىٌّ, (K, * TA,) of a thing. (K, TA.) One says المَآءِ ↓ صَفْوَةُ, (T, TA,) and المَالِ, (AO, T, S, TA,) and الآخَآءِ, (T, TA,) and ↓ صِفْوَتُهُ, (AO, T, S, TA,) and ↓ صُفْوَتُهُ, (AO, S,) [i. e. The clear, or pure, part, or portion, or the best, or choice, of water, and of property, and of brothers,] but only صَفْوُ الإِهَالَةِ [the clear, or pure, part, or portion, or the best, or choice, of the grease, or melted fat, &c.]. (T, TA.) and Mohammad is said to be اللّٰهِ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ ↓ صَفْوَةُ and ↓ مُصْطَفَاهُ [i. e. God's choice one, or elect, or favourite, of his creatures]: (S:) and [in like manner] Adam is said to be اللّٰهِ ↓ صَفِىُّ i. e. the chosen one, or elect, of God. (TA.) صَفَاةٌ as meaning صَافِيَةٌ: see صَافٍ.

A2: Also n. un. of صَفًا [q. v.].

صَفْوَةٌ: see صَفْوٌ, in three places.

صُفْوَةٌ: see صَفْوٌ, in two places.

صِفْوَةٌ: see صَفْوٌ, in two places. b2: One says also, فِى الإِنَآءِ صِفْوَةٌ مِنْ مَآءٍ, or خَمْرٍ, i. e. [In the vessel is] a small quantity [of water, or of wine]. (M.) صَفْوَآءُ: see صَفًا, in two places.

يَوْمٌ صَفْوَانُ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ صَافٍ, (M, K,) A day in which the sun is clear, and which is very cold: (S:) or a cold day, (K,) or a very cold day, (M,) without clouds and without thickness [of the air]. (M, K.) b2: صَفْوَانُ is also a name of The second of the days of cold: (K, TA:) so called because the sky therein is clear of clouds: [as a proper name,] it is determinate, and imperfectly decl. (TA. [See also صُفَيَّةُ.]) A2: صَفْوَانٌ [as a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with ة; and said to be used as a sing. and as a pl.]: see صَفًا, in three places.

صَفَوَانٌ: see صَفًا.

صَفَآءٌ an inf. n. of صَفَا. (S, M, &c. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: [It is often used by moderns as meaning (assumed tropical:) Serenity of life, and of the mind; freedom from trouble; comfort; content; complacency; happiness, joy, or pleasure: and so, sometimes, ↓ صَفْوٌ.] b3: Also (tropical:) [Reciprocal purity or sincerity of mind, or of love or affection, or of brotherly affection; or pure, or sincere, reciprocal love &c.;] a subst, from صَافَاهُ. (TA.) صَفِىٌّ: see صَافٍ. b2: Also (tropical:) A friend who regards one, or behaves towards one, with reciprocal purity or sincerity of love or affection, or of brotherly affection: (S, * M, * K, TA:) pl. أَصْفِيَآءُ. (TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ صَفِىُّ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) [Such a man is the friend &c. of such a man]: and فُلَانَةُ صَفِىُّ فُلَانٍ and صَفِيَّتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a woman is the friend, &c. of such a man]. (Ham p. 430.) b3: See also صَفْوٌ, in two places. b4: Also (tropical:) The portion, of the spoil, which the chief, or commander, chooses for himself before the division; (S, Msb, K, TA;) and so ↓ صَفِيَّةٌ, of which the pl. is صَفَايَا: (S, Msb:) or, accord. to As, صَفَايَا is pl. of صَفِىٌّ, which signifies the portion which the chief chooses for himself, exclusively of his companions, such as the horse, and that which cannot be divided among the army: or, as AO says, the portion which the chief chose for himself, after [taking] the fourth part, such as the she-camel, and the horse, and the sword, and the girl or young woman; and thus it continued to be in the case of El-Islám, but the fourth became reduced to the fifth. (Msb.) b5: Also, applied to a she-camel, (S, M, K,) and to a ewe, or she-goat, (S,) Abounding with milk; (S, M, K;) or so ↓ صَفِيَّةٌ: (Z, TA:) or the former, a she-camel whose milk lasts throughout the year: (IAar, TA in art. شكر:) pl. of the former, (Sb, S, M, K,) or of the latter, (Z, TA,) as above: (Sb, S, M, Z, K:) Sb says that it is not pluralized with ا and ت because the sing. is without ة. (M.) b6: And A palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ) abounding with fruit; (M, K;) or so ↓ صَفِيَّةٌ: (Z, TA:) pl. of the former, (TA,) or of the latter, as above. (Z, TA.) صَفِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

صُفَيَّةُ a name of The first of the days of cold: (K, TA:) so called because the sky therein is clear of clouds. (TA. [See also صَفْوَانُ.]) صَافٍ Clear, limpid, or pure; free from كَدَر [or turbidness, &c.]; (Msb;) and so ↓ صَفِىٌّ, applied to anything. (M.) Applied to pasturage, the former word may mean Clear of dried-up leaves or similar rubbish: or it may be formed by transposition from صَائِفٌ, meaning “ of the [season called] صَيْف,” and so belonging to art. صيف. (M. [See also صَافٍ in another sense as formed by transposition from صَائِفٌ, voce صَافٌ, in art. صوف.]) In the phrase اللَّوْنِ ↓ صَفَاةُ applied by the poet Kutheiyir-'Azzeh to honey (جَنَاةُ النَّحْلِ), and expl. as meaning Clear in respect of colour, [ISd says,] I think that صفاة is originally صَفِيَة, as a possessive epithet. (M.) [صَافٍ is also applied to a sword, and the like, as meaning Bright, or free from rust.] And in the Kur xxii. 37, [instead of the common reading صَوَافَّ, pl. of صَافٌّ and صَافَّةٌ,] some read صَوَافِىَ, [pl. of صَافِيَةٌ, as well as of صَافٍ applied to irrational animals,] as meaning that the animals there mentioned are [to be regarded as] things purely [or exclusively] belonging to God. (TA.) b2: See also صَفْوَانُ.

A2: Also A certain fish, which [it is said] chews the cud; pl. صَوَافٍ. (TA.) صَافِيَةٌ [fem. of صَافٍ, q. v. b2: And also, as a subst.,] (tropical:) One of what are termed صَوَافِى الإِمَامِ, which means the towns, or villages, of those who have rebelled against him, which the Imám [or Khaleefeh] chooses for himself [as his peculiar property]: (A, TA:) or, as in the T, الصَّوَافِى signifies what the Sultán appropriates exclusively to those persons whom he specially favours: or, as some say, it means the possessions and lands which their owners have abandoned, or of which the owners have died leaving no heirs thereof. (TA.) مِصْفَاةٌ i. q. رَاوُوقٌ; (S, MA, K, TA;) i. e. A strainer; (MA; [thus accord. to modern usage;]) a clarifier; i. e. a thing from which clearing, or clarifying, is effected; called by the vulgar مصفيَّة [i. e. مِصْفَيَّة, and also مِصْفَايَة]: pl. مَصَافٍ. (TA.) عَسَلٌ مُصَفًّى [Clarified honey; or] honey cleared of the floating particles, or motes, or the like, that had fallen into it. (TA.) مُصْطَفًى: see صَفْوٌ, last sentence.

ذكو

1 ذَكَتِ النَّارُ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـْ (S,) inf. n. ذَكًا (S, Mgh, K, &c.) and ذَكَآءٌ accord. to Z (K) and ذُكُوٌّ, (M, K, TA,) like عُلُوٌّ; (TA; [accord. to the CK ذَكْوٌ; and so accord. to the MA, as well as ذُكُوٌّ and ذَكًا;]) and ↓ استذكت; (K;) The fire blazed, or flamed; burned up; or burned brightly or fiercely: (S:) or blazed, or flamed, vehemently, or intensely: (K:) or blazed, flamed, or burned up, completely; agreeably with the primary signification of the root, which is “ completeness. ” (Mgh.) b2: ذَكَا المِسْكُ The mush gave forth odour, or fragrance; (MA;) [or a strong, or pungent, odour; for] the primary signification of ذَكًا in relation to odour is the being strong, [or pungent,] in sweetness or in fetidness. (TA.) b3: ذَكِىَ, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K) and ذَكَا, (Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (K,) or ـْ (Msb;) and ذَكُوَ, (MA, K,) aor. ـْ (K;) all three mentioned by ISd; (TA;) inf. n. ذَكَآء; (S, MA, K, * TA; [in my copy of the Msb, the inf. n. of the first is said to be ذَكًى; but this is app. a mistranscription; or the author perhaps held ذَكًى, more properly written ذَكًا, to be the inf. n.; for he says that ذَكِىَ is of the class of تَعِبَ, of which the inf. n. is تَعَبٌ, and afterwards mentions ذَكَآءُ as though he held this to be a simple subst.;]) said of a man, (S, Msb,) He was, or became, sharp, or acute, in mind, (S, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or quick of understanding, (Msb, K,) or intelligence, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quick of perception, and sharp, or acute, in understanding: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quick in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذَكَآءُ, below.]) [Also, app., said of a camel, and the like, meaning He was, or became, sharp in spirit. See ذَكِىٌّ.]

A2: [ذَكَا seems to have been also used by some as meaning He (a beast) was, or became, legalty slaughtered; and consequently, legally clean: or to have been supposed to have this signification. b2: And hence,] أَيُّمَا أَرْضٍ جَفَّتْ فَقَدْ ذَكَتْ means (assumed tropical:) Whatever ground has become dry, it has become clean, or pure: but [Mtr, after mentioning this, adds,] I have not found it in the lexicons. (Mgh. [See also ذَكَاةٌ, below.]) 2 ذكّى النَّارَ, (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَذْكِيَةٌ, (S, TA,) He made the fire to blaze or flame, to burn up, or to burn brightly or fiercely; (T, S, K;) as also ↓ اذكاها: (S, K:) or he supplied the fire fully with fuel: (Msb, TA:) and السِّرَاجَ ↓ اذكى He lighted the lamp. (Har p. 53.) b2: [ذكّى العَقْلَ, and ذكّى alone, said of a medicine &c., It sharpened the intellect.]

A2: ذكّى, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He slaughtered (S, Mgh, Msb, K) an animal, (Mgh,) or a camel and the like, (Msb,) in the manner [prescribed by the law,] termed ذَبْحٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) i. e., (Mgh, K,) in the manner termed ذَكَاةٌ [q. v. infrà]. (Mgh, Msb, K.) The proper signification of التَّذْكِيَةُ is The causing the natural heat to pass forth: but it is peculiarly applied in the law to signify the destroying of life in a particular manner, exclusive of any other manner. (Er-Rághib, TA.) إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ, in the Kur [v. 4], means Except that whereof ye shall attain to the ذَكَاة [or slaughter in the manner prescribed by the law] (Bd, Msb, TA) said of a man, (S,) He became old, or advanced in age, (S, K,) and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K:) [or he attained to full growth or age: said of a man, and of a horse and the like:] see ذَكَآءٌ, last sentence. [See also مُذَكٍّ, below.]) 4 أَذْكَوَ see 2, in two places. b2: [Hence,] أَذْكَيْتُ الحَرْبَ (assumed tropical:) I kindled war. (TA.) b3: أَذْكَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ العُيُونَ I sent against him the scouts. (S.) 10 إِسْتَذْكَوَ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence, app.,] استذكى الفَحْلُ عَلَى الأُنْثَى (assumed tropical:) The stallion pressed vehemently upon the female. (TA.) ذَكًا an inf. n. of 1; The blazing, or flaming, &c., of fire. (S, K, &c. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: See also ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: And see ذَكَاةٌ.

ذَكٍ a possessive epithet: (ISd, TA:) you say نَارٌ ذَكِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) without teshdeed, (TA, [in the CK ذَكِيَّةٌ,]) A fire blazing, or flaming, &c. (K, TA.) ذَكَاةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: [Also] a subst. (Mgh, Msb, TA) syn. with تَذْكِيَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K, TA) as signifying ذَبْحٌ [i. e. The slaughter of an animal for food in the manner prescribed by the law]; (Mgh, K, TA;) as also ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA, [in the CK ذَكاء,) which is likewise said to be a simple subst.: (TA: [in the TK, ذَكًا and ذَكَاةٌ are both said to be inf. ns., of which the verb is ذَكَا, signifying ذَبَحَ; but this I do not find in any lexicon of authority:]) it is satisfactorily performed by the severing of the windpipe and gullet, as is related on the authority of Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], or, as is also related on his authority, by severing them an also the وَدَجَانِ, [or two external jugular veins], less than which is not lawful; or, accord to A boo-Haneefeh, the severing of the windpipe and gullet and one of the ودجان; or, accord. to Málik, the severing of the أَوَدَاج [or external jugular veins] though it be without the severing of the windpipe. (Msb.) The saying ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ is for ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ هِىَ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ [The legal slaughter of the fœtus, or young in the belly, it is the legal slaughter of its mother]: (Msb, TA:) or it is an instance of the transposition of the inchoative and enunciative, (Mgh, Msb,) its implied meaning being ذَكَاةُ أُمِّ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةٌ لَهُ [The legal slaughter of the mother of the fœtus, or young in the belly, is a legal slaughter of it also; so that the latter, like the former, may be lawfully eaten]; (Msb;) i. e., when she is legally slaughtered, it is legally slaughtered: (TA:) the use of the accus. case (Mgh, TA) in the like thereof, (Mgh,) [or] in the phrase ذكاة امّه, [i. e., the saying ذَكَاةَ أُمِّهِ,] is a mistake. (Mgh, TA.) b2: Hence the saying of Mohammad Ibn-El-Hanafeeyeh, ذَكَاةُ الأَرْضِ يُبْسُهُا (assumed tropical:) [The cleanness, or purity, of the ground is its becoming dry]; i. e., when it becomes dry from the moisture of uncleanness, it becomes clean, like as a beast becomes clean by means of legal slaughter. (Mgh. [See also 1, last sentence.]) ذُكْوَةٌ, (T, TA, &c.,) with damm, not ذَكْوَةٌ as the text of the K indicates it to be (TA) [and as it is written in the copies thereof], and ذُكْيَةٌ, (S, TA,) also with damm, (TA,) [in the copies of the K ذَكْيَة,] What is thrown upon the fire, (T, S, K, *) of firewood, or of camel's or similar dung, (T,) to make it blaze, or flame, or burn up, or burn brightly or fiercely. (S, K.) b2: Also the former, A blazing, or flaming, coal of fire; and so ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA,) with the short ا, on the authority of IDrd; [in the CK ذَكَاء;] or, as in the M, ↓ ذَكَاةٌ. (TA.) ذَكْوَانٌ A kind of trees: n. un. with ة: (IAar, TA:) the pl. of the latter is ذَكَاوِينُ, and signifies small [trees of the kind called] سَرْح [q. v.]. (M, K, TA. [In the CK, السَّرْج is erroneously put for السَّرْح.]) ذَكَآءُ Sharpness, or acuteness, of mind, (S, Msb, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or completeness of intelligence, with quickness of apprehension: (Msb:) or quickness of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quickness of perception, and sharpness, or acuteness, of understanding: thus applied, it is like the phrase فُلَانٌ شُعْلَةُ نَارٍ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quickness in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذِهْنٌ: and see also 1.]) [It app. signifies also Sharpness of spirit; as a quality of a camel and the like. See ذَكِىٌّ.] b2: Also Age: (S, K:) or full, or complete, age: so says Mbr in the “ Kámil: ” (TA:) contr. of فَتَآءٌ: (Ham p. 217:) accord. to Az, its primary signification, universally, is a state of completeness: and الذَّكَآءُ فِى السِّنّ meanscompleteness of age: accord. to Kh, it means the age of completeness of strength, [app. in a horse, or any solid-hoofed animal, for he says that it is] when a year has passed after the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething]: (TA:) or ذَكَآءُ السِّنِّ means the utmost term of youthfulness; from the primary signification of the root, which is “ a state of completeness. ” (Mgh.) Hence the saying of El-Hajjáj, فُرِرْتُ عَنْ ذَكَآءٍ [I have been examined as to age; app. meaning (assumed tropical:) my abilities have been tested and proved]: and بَلَغَتِ الدَّابَّةُ الذَّكَآءَ The beast attained to [fulness of] age (S, TA.) [Hence, also,] one says, فَتَآ فُلَانٍ

كَذَكَآءِ فُلَانٍ and فُلَانٍ ↓ كَتَذْكِيَةِ [The youthfulness of such a one is like the fulness of age of such a one], i. e., the prudence, or discretion, of such a one notwithstanding his deficiency of age is like the prudence, or discretion, of such a one with his fulness of age. (Ham p. 217.) ذُكَآءُ, imperfectly decl., The sun: (S, K:) determinate, and not admitting the article ال: you say, هٰذِهِ ذُكَآءُ طَالِعَةٌ [This is the sun rising]: (S:) derived from ذَكَتِ النَّارُ. (TA.) b2: Hence, (S,) اِبْنُ ذُكَآءَ The dawn, or daybreak: (S, K:) because it is from the light of the sun. (S.) Homeyd says, [or, accord. to some, Besheer Ibn-En-Nikth, as in one of my copies of the S, in art. كفر,] فَوَرَدَتْ قَبْلَ انْبِلَاجِ الفَجْرِ وَابْنُ ذُكَآءَ كَامِنٌ فِى الكَفْرِ [And she, or they, came to the water before the bright shining of the daybreak, while the dawn lay kid in the darkness of night]. (S.) ذَكِىٌّ, applied to musk, and so ذَكِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) for مِسْكٌ, as is said by IAmb, is both masc. and fem., and so is عَنْبَرٌ, (TA,) and ↓ ذَاكٍ, Diffusing odour: (K:) or having a strong [or pungent] odour. (TA. [See 1, second sentence.]) Yousay also رَائِحَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ A sharp [or pungent, or a strong,] odour [whether sweet or fetid]; syn. حَادَّةٌ. (K in art. حد.) b2: Applied to a man, Having the attribute, or quality, termed ذَكَآء, (S, Msb, K,) as meaning sharpness, or acuteness, (S, Msb,) or quickness, (K,) of mind, (S, Msb,) or of intel-ligence, &c.: (K, TA, &c.:) pl. أَذْكِيَآءُ. (Msb, TA.) It is also, sometimes, applied to a camel [or the like, as meaning Sharp in spirit: see فُؤَادٌ]. (TA.) A2: Also i. q. ذَبِيحٌ [meaning Slaughtered in the manner prescribed by the law, termed ذَبْحٌ and ذَكَاةٌ]: (K:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Msb:) and [therefore] you say شَاةٌ ذَكِىٌّ, meaning [a sheep, or goat, slaughtered in the manner above mentioned; and also,] to whose ذَكَاة [or slaughter in that manner] one has attained [while life yet remained therein: see 2]: (Mgh, Msb:) ذَكِيَّةٌ [as its fem.] is extr. [like ذَبِيحَةٌ]. (TA.) b2: Hence, جِلْدٌ ذَكِىٌّ (tropical:) A skin stripped from an animal that has been slaughtered in the manner mentioned above. (Mgh.) ذَاكٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُذْكٍ; and the fem., مُذْكِيَةٌ: see the following paragraph, in three places.

مُذَكٍّ, applied to a man, (TA,) Old, or advanced in age, and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K, TA:) [or full-grown, or of full age: see ذَكَآءٌ:] or an old man, but only such as is much experienced and disciplined: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and accord. to ISd, anything [i. e. any animal] old, or advanced in age: by some especially applied to a solid-hoofed animal; and said to mean one that has passed the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething] by a year: (TA:) or مَذَاكٍ, (S, K, TA,) which is its pl., (S, TA,) [(like as مُذَكِّيَاتٌ is pl. of the fem.,) and also pl. of its syn. ↓ مُذْكٍ,] signifies, applied to horses, (S, K, TA,) of generous race, advanced in age, (TA,) that have passed a year, or two years, after their قُرُوح: (S, K, TA:) the sing. is like مُخْلِفٌ applied to a camel: (S, TA:) or مُذَكٍّ signifies a horse of full age and of complete strength; as also ↓ مُذْكٍ: (Ham p. 217:) or a horse whose run becomes spent (يَذْهِبُ), and [then, but not before he has exhausted his power,] stops. (TA.) It is said in a prov., جَرْىُ المُذَكِّيَاتُ غِلَابٌ [The running of the horses that have attained to their full age and strength is a contending for superiority]: (Meyd, and so in some copies of the S:) it may mean that the horse in this case contends for superiority with him that runs with him; or that his second run is always more than his first, and his third than his second: (Meyd:) or, as some relate it, غِلَآءٌ; (Meyd, and so in other copies of the S in this art., and in the S and K in art غلو;) meaning that the running of such horses is several bowshots: (Meyd, and S and K in art. غلو:) it is applied to him who is described as entering into contests for excellence with his compeers. (Meyd.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ سَحَابَةٌ مُذْكِيَةٌ, (K,) or, as in the Tekmileh, مُذَكِّيَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud that has rained time after time. (K, TA.) Quasi ذكى ذُكْيَةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ, in art. ذكو.

ذَكِىٌّ: see art. ذكو