جرو

4 أَجْرَتْ [in its primary sense app. signifies She (a bitch, and any female beast of prey,) whelped; or had a whelp, or whelps: see مُجْرٍ. (Accord. to Golius, as on the authority of J, Cum fœtu abiit vel asportavit eum fera: but I have not found it in any copy of the S, nor in any other lexicon.) b2: And hence,] said of a tree (شَجَرَةٌ), It had upon it [fruits such as are termed] جِرَآء [pl. of جِرْوٌ]; (As, TA;) said [ for instance] of a مَوْزَة [or banana-tree]: (AHn, TA in art. موز:) and [in like manner] said of a herb, or leguminous plant, (بَقْلَةٌ,) it had جِرَآء; (K in art. جرى; [in the CK, erroneously, جَراء;]) belonging to the present art., not to art. جرى. (TA.) جِرْوٌ and جُرْوٌ and جَرْوٌ (of which the first is the most chaste, Msb) The whelp, or young one, of the dog, (S, Msb, K,) [and so, app., ↓ جِرْوَةٌ, q. v.,] and of the lion, (K,) and of any beast of prey: (S, Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْرٍ, (S, K,) originally أَجْرُوٌ, (S,) and أَجْرِيَةٌ (Lh, K) and أَجْرَآءٌ (K) and [of mult.] جِرَآءٌ; (S, K;) أَجْرِيَةٌ, as pl. of جرو, being anomalous; (TA;) or it is pl. of جِرَآءٌ [and therefore not anomalous]. (S, TA.) b2: And the same, (K,) or the first of these, (S, El-Bári', Msb, TA,) only, (TA,) (tropical:) The small of anything, (El-Bári', Msb, K, TA,) as also ↓ جِرْوَةٌ; (TA;) even, (K,) of the colocynth, (As, S, K,) and of the melon, and the like; (K;) as, for instance, (TA,) of the pomegranate, (S, TA,) and of the poppy, (AHn, TA in art. عتر,) and of the بَاذَنْجَان, (TA,) and of the cucumber, (S, TA,) as also ↓ جِرْوَةٌ, (S, Msb,) likened to the whelps of dogs, because of their softness and smoothness: (Msb:) or what is round of the fruits of trees; as the colocynth and the like: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أجْرٍ (Msb, K, TA [in the CK, erroneously, اَجْرُؤٌ]) and [of mult.] جِرَآءٌ. (As, Msb, K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Fruit when it first grows forth, (AHn, K,) in its fresh, juicy, state. (AHn, TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) The seeds, (M, TA,) or envelope, or receptacle, of the seeds, (K,) of the كَعَابِير [app. meaning the round and compact pericarps (in some of the copies of the K, erroneously, as is observed in the TA, عكابير,)] that are at the heads of branches. (M, K.) b5: (tropical:) A tumour in a camel's hump; and in the withers; so called by way of comparison [to a whelp]: (TA:) and in the fauces. (K.) b6: See also what next follows, last sentence.

جِرْوَةٌ: see جِرْوٌ, in three places. A huntsman beat, or disciplined, or trained, his dog for the purpose of the chase (ضَرَبَهُ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ); and thereupon it was said, ضَرَبَ جِرْوَتَهُ [app. meaning He beat, or disciplined, or trained, his whelp]: and hence this phrase became proverbially used, in instances here following. (Z, TA.) b2: I. q.

نَفْسٌ [as meaning Self]. (TA.) You say, ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ جِرْوَتَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He disposed and subjected himself to it; (S, TA;) namely, a thing, an affair, or a case: and he endured it with patience: and in like manner, ضَرَبَ جِرْوَةَ نَفْسِهِ: (TA:) and أَلْقَى فُلَانٌ جرْوَتَهُ he endured the thing with patience. (S, TA.) Also ضَرَبْتُ جِرْوَتِى عَنْهُ (assumed tropical:) I endured with patience the want, or loss, of it: (TA:) or my mind became at ease [respecting it]. (AA, IB, TA.) A2: Also (K, TA, [in the CK ↓ جِرْوٌ,]) (tropical:) A short she-camel. (K, TA.) مُجْرٍ and مُجْرِيَةٌ applied to a bitch, (S, K,) and a female beast of prey, (TA,) Having a whelp, or young one: (K:) or having with her her whelps, or young ones. (S.) El-Aalam says, لَحْمِى إِلَى أَجْرٍ حَوَاشِبْ وَتَجُرُّ مُجْرِيَةٌ لَهَا And a hyena having young ones shall drag for her my flesh to young ones with swollen bellies, and short. (Skr p. 57.)

ذكو

1 ذَكَتِ النَّارُ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـْ (S,) inf. n. ذَكًا (S, Mgh, K, &c.) and ذَكَآءٌ accord. to Z (K) and ذُكُوٌّ, (M, K, TA,) like عُلُوٌّ; (TA; [accord. to the CK ذَكْوٌ; and so accord. to the MA, as well as ذُكُوٌّ and ذَكًا;]) and ↓ استذكت; (K;) The fire blazed, or flamed; burned up; or burned brightly or fiercely: (S:) or blazed, or flamed, vehemently, or intensely: (K:) or blazed, flamed, or burned up, completely; agreeably with the primary signification of the root, which is “ completeness. ” (Mgh.) b2: ذَكَا المِسْكُ The mush gave forth odour, or fragrance; (MA;) [or a strong, or pungent, odour; for] the primary signification of ذَكًا in relation to odour is the being strong, [or pungent,] in sweetness or in fetidness. (TA.) b3: ذَكِىَ, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K) and ذَكَا, (Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (K,) or ـْ (Msb;) and ذَكُوَ, (MA, K,) aor. ـْ (K;) all three mentioned by ISd; (TA;) inf. n. ذَكَآء; (S, MA, K, * TA; [in my copy of the Msb, the inf. n. of the first is said to be ذَكًى; but this is app. a mistranscription; or the author perhaps held ذَكًى, more properly written ذَكًا, to be the inf. n.; for he says that ذَكِىَ is of the class of تَعِبَ, of which the inf. n. is تَعَبٌ, and afterwards mentions ذَكَآءُ as though he held this to be a simple subst.;]) said of a man, (S, Msb,) He was, or became, sharp, or acute, in mind, (S, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or quick of understanding, (Msb, K,) or intelligence, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quick of perception, and sharp, or acute, in understanding: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quick in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذَكَآءُ, below.]) [Also, app., said of a camel, and the like, meaning He was, or became, sharp in spirit. See ذَكِىٌّ.]

A2: [ذَكَا seems to have been also used by some as meaning He (a beast) was, or became, legalty slaughtered; and consequently, legally clean: or to have been supposed to have this signification. b2: And hence,] أَيُّمَا أَرْضٍ جَفَّتْ فَقَدْ ذَكَتْ means (assumed tropical:) Whatever ground has become dry, it has become clean, or pure: but [Mtr, after mentioning this, adds,] I have not found it in the lexicons. (Mgh. [See also ذَكَاةٌ, below.]) 2 ذكّى النَّارَ, (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَذْكِيَةٌ, (S, TA,) He made the fire to blaze or flame, to burn up, or to burn brightly or fiercely; (T, S, K;) as also ↓ اذكاها: (S, K:) or he supplied the fire fully with fuel: (Msb, TA:) and السِّرَاجَ ↓ اذكى He lighted the lamp. (Har p. 53.) b2: [ذكّى العَقْلَ, and ذكّى alone, said of a medicine &c., It sharpened the intellect.]

A2: ذكّى, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He slaughtered (S, Mgh, Msb, K) an animal, (Mgh,) or a camel and the like, (Msb,) in the manner [prescribed by the law,] termed ذَبْحٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) i. e., (Mgh, K,) in the manner termed ذَكَاةٌ [q. v. infrà]. (Mgh, Msb, K.) The proper signification of التَّذْكِيَةُ is The causing the natural heat to pass forth: but it is peculiarly applied in the law to signify the destroying of life in a particular manner, exclusive of any other manner. (Er-Rághib, TA.) إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ, in the Kur [v. 4], means Except that whereof ye shall attain to the ذَكَاة [or slaughter in the manner prescribed by the law] (Bd, Msb, TA) said of a man, (S,) He became old, or advanced in age, (S, K,) and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K:) [or he attained to full growth or age: said of a man, and of a horse and the like:] see ذَكَآءٌ, last sentence. [See also مُذَكٍّ, below.]) 4 أَذْكَوَ see 2, in two places. b2: [Hence,] أَذْكَيْتُ الحَرْبَ (assumed tropical:) I kindled war. (TA.) b3: أَذْكَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ العُيُونَ I sent against him the scouts. (S.) 10 إِسْتَذْكَوَ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence, app.,] استذكى الفَحْلُ عَلَى الأُنْثَى (assumed tropical:) The stallion pressed vehemently upon the female. (TA.) ذَكًا an inf. n. of 1; The blazing, or flaming, &c., of fire. (S, K, &c. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: See also ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: And see ذَكَاةٌ.

ذَكٍ a possessive epithet: (ISd, TA:) you say نَارٌ ذَكِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) without teshdeed, (TA, [in the CK ذَكِيَّةٌ,]) A fire blazing, or flaming, &c. (K, TA.) ذَكَاةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: [Also] a subst. (Mgh, Msb, TA) syn. with تَذْكِيَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K, TA) as signifying ذَبْحٌ [i. e. The slaughter of an animal for food in the manner prescribed by the law]; (Mgh, K, TA;) as also ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA, [in the CK ذَكاء,) which is likewise said to be a simple subst.: (TA: [in the TK, ذَكًا and ذَكَاةٌ are both said to be inf. ns., of which the verb is ذَكَا, signifying ذَبَحَ; but this I do not find in any lexicon of authority:]) it is satisfactorily performed by the severing of the windpipe and gullet, as is related on the authority of Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], or, as is also related on his authority, by severing them an also the وَدَجَانِ, [or two external jugular veins], less than which is not lawful; or, accord to A boo-Haneefeh, the severing of the windpipe and gullet and one of the ودجان; or, accord. to Málik, the severing of the أَوَدَاج [or external jugular veins] though it be without the severing of the windpipe. (Msb.) The saying ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ is for ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ هِىَ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ [The legal slaughter of the fœtus, or young in the belly, it is the legal slaughter of its mother]: (Msb, TA:) or it is an instance of the transposition of the inchoative and enunciative, (Mgh, Msb,) its implied meaning being ذَكَاةُ أُمِّ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةٌ لَهُ [The legal slaughter of the mother of the fœtus, or young in the belly, is a legal slaughter of it also; so that the latter, like the former, may be lawfully eaten]; (Msb;) i. e., when she is legally slaughtered, it is legally slaughtered: (TA:) the use of the accus. case (Mgh, TA) in the like thereof, (Mgh,) [or] in the phrase ذكاة امّه, [i. e., the saying ذَكَاةَ أُمِّهِ,] is a mistake. (Mgh, TA.) b2: Hence the saying of Mohammad Ibn-El-Hanafeeyeh, ذَكَاةُ الأَرْضِ يُبْسُهُا (assumed tropical:) [The cleanness, or purity, of the ground is its becoming dry]; i. e., when it becomes dry from the moisture of uncleanness, it becomes clean, like as a beast becomes clean by means of legal slaughter. (Mgh. [See also 1, last sentence.]) ذُكْوَةٌ, (T, TA, &c.,) with damm, not ذَكْوَةٌ as the text of the K indicates it to be (TA) [and as it is written in the copies thereof], and ذُكْيَةٌ, (S, TA,) also with damm, (TA,) [in the copies of the K ذَكْيَة,] What is thrown upon the fire, (T, S, K, *) of firewood, or of camel's or similar dung, (T,) to make it blaze, or flame, or burn up, or burn brightly or fiercely. (S, K.) b2: Also the former, A blazing, or flaming, coal of fire; and so ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA,) with the short ا, on the authority of IDrd; [in the CK ذَكَاء;] or, as in the M, ↓ ذَكَاةٌ. (TA.) ذَكْوَانٌ A kind of trees: n. un. with ة: (IAar, TA:) the pl. of the latter is ذَكَاوِينُ, and signifies small [trees of the kind called] سَرْح [q. v.]. (M, K, TA. [In the CK, السَّرْج is erroneously put for السَّرْح.]) ذَكَآءُ Sharpness, or acuteness, of mind, (S, Msb, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or completeness of intelligence, with quickness of apprehension: (Msb:) or quickness of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quickness of perception, and sharpness, or acuteness, of understanding: thus applied, it is like the phrase فُلَانٌ شُعْلَةُ نَارٍ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quickness in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذِهْنٌ: and see also 1.]) [It app. signifies also Sharpness of spirit; as a quality of a camel and the like. See ذَكِىٌّ.] b2: Also Age: (S, K:) or full, or complete, age: so says Mbr in the “ Kámil: ” (TA:) contr. of فَتَآءٌ: (Ham p. 217:) accord. to Az, its primary signification, universally, is a state of completeness: and الذَّكَآءُ فِى السِّنّ meanscompleteness of age: accord. to Kh, it means the age of completeness of strength, [app. in a horse, or any solid-hoofed animal, for he says that it is] when a year has passed after the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething]: (TA:) or ذَكَآءُ السِّنِّ means the utmost term of youthfulness; from the primary signification of the root, which is “ a state of completeness. ” (Mgh.) Hence the saying of El-Hajjáj, فُرِرْتُ عَنْ ذَكَآءٍ [I have been examined as to age; app. meaning (assumed tropical:) my abilities have been tested and proved]: and بَلَغَتِ الدَّابَّةُ الذَّكَآءَ The beast attained to [fulness of] age (S, TA.) [Hence, also,] one says, فَتَآ فُلَانٍ

كَذَكَآءِ فُلَانٍ and فُلَانٍ ↓ كَتَذْكِيَةِ [The youthfulness of such a one is like the fulness of age of such a one], i. e., the prudence, or discretion, of such a one notwithstanding his deficiency of age is like the prudence, or discretion, of such a one with his fulness of age. (Ham p. 217.) ذُكَآءُ, imperfectly decl., The sun: (S, K:) determinate, and not admitting the article ال: you say, هٰذِهِ ذُكَآءُ طَالِعَةٌ [This is the sun rising]: (S:) derived from ذَكَتِ النَّارُ. (TA.) b2: Hence, (S,) اِبْنُ ذُكَآءَ The dawn, or daybreak: (S, K:) because it is from the light of the sun. (S.) Homeyd says, [or, accord. to some, Besheer Ibn-En-Nikth, as in one of my copies of the S, in art. كفر,] فَوَرَدَتْ قَبْلَ انْبِلَاجِ الفَجْرِ وَابْنُ ذُكَآءَ كَامِنٌ فِى الكَفْرِ [And she, or they, came to the water before the bright shining of the daybreak, while the dawn lay kid in the darkness of night]. (S.) ذَكِىٌّ, applied to musk, and so ذَكِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) for مِسْكٌ, as is said by IAmb, is both masc. and fem., and so is عَنْبَرٌ, (TA,) and ↓ ذَاكٍ, Diffusing odour: (K:) or having a strong [or pungent] odour. (TA. [See 1, second sentence.]) Yousay also رَائِحَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ A sharp [or pungent, or a strong,] odour [whether sweet or fetid]; syn. حَادَّةٌ. (K in art. حد.) b2: Applied to a man, Having the attribute, or quality, termed ذَكَآء, (S, Msb, K,) as meaning sharpness, or acuteness, (S, Msb,) or quickness, (K,) of mind, (S, Msb,) or of intel-ligence, &c.: (K, TA, &c.:) pl. أَذْكِيَآءُ. (Msb, TA.) It is also, sometimes, applied to a camel [or the like, as meaning Sharp in spirit: see فُؤَادٌ]. (TA.) A2: Also i. q. ذَبِيحٌ [meaning Slaughtered in the manner prescribed by the law, termed ذَبْحٌ and ذَكَاةٌ]: (K:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Msb:) and [therefore] you say شَاةٌ ذَكِىٌّ, meaning [a sheep, or goat, slaughtered in the manner above mentioned; and also,] to whose ذَكَاة [or slaughter in that manner] one has attained [while life yet remained therein: see 2]: (Mgh, Msb:) ذَكِيَّةٌ [as its fem.] is extr. [like ذَبِيحَةٌ]. (TA.) b2: Hence, جِلْدٌ ذَكِىٌّ (tropical:) A skin stripped from an animal that has been slaughtered in the manner mentioned above. (Mgh.) ذَاكٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُذْكٍ; and the fem., مُذْكِيَةٌ: see the following paragraph, in three places.

مُذَكٍّ, applied to a man, (TA,) Old, or advanced in age, and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K, TA:) [or full-grown, or of full age: see ذَكَآءٌ:] or an old man, but only such as is much experienced and disciplined: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and accord. to ISd, anything [i. e. any animal] old, or advanced in age: by some especially applied to a solid-hoofed animal; and said to mean one that has passed the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething] by a year: (TA:) or مَذَاكٍ, (S, K, TA,) which is its pl., (S, TA,) [(like as مُذَكِّيَاتٌ is pl. of the fem.,) and also pl. of its syn. ↓ مُذْكٍ,] signifies, applied to horses, (S, K, TA,) of generous race, advanced in age, (TA,) that have passed a year, or two years, after their قُرُوح: (S, K, TA:) the sing. is like مُخْلِفٌ applied to a camel: (S, TA:) or مُذَكٍّ signifies a horse of full age and of complete strength; as also ↓ مُذْكٍ: (Ham p. 217:) or a horse whose run becomes spent (يَذْهِبُ), and [then, but not before he has exhausted his power,] stops. (TA.) It is said in a prov., جَرْىُ المُذَكِّيَاتُ غِلَابٌ [The running of the horses that have attained to their full age and strength is a contending for superiority]: (Meyd, and so in some copies of the S:) it may mean that the horse in this case contends for superiority with him that runs with him; or that his second run is always more than his first, and his third than his second: (Meyd:) or, as some relate it, غِلَآءٌ; (Meyd, and so in other copies of the S in this art., and in the S and K in art غلو;) meaning that the running of such horses is several bowshots: (Meyd, and S and K in art. غلو:) it is applied to him who is described as entering into contests for excellence with his compeers. (Meyd.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ سَحَابَةٌ مُذْكِيَةٌ, (K,) or, as in the Tekmileh, مُذَكِّيَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud that has rained time after time. (K, TA.) Quasi ذكى ذُكْيَةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ, in art. ذكو.

ذَكِىٌّ: see art. ذكو

تِنِّيسُ:
بكسرتين وتشديد النون، وياء ساكنة، والسين مهملة: جزيرة في بحر مصر قريبة من البر ما بين الفرما ودمياط، والفرما في شرقيّها قال المنجمون: طولها أربع وخمسون درجة، وعرضها إحدى وثلاثون درجة وثلث في الإقليم الثالث قال الحسين بن محمد المهلّبي: أما تنيس فالحال فيها كالحال في دمياط إلا أنها أجل وأوسط، وبها تعمل الثياب الملونة والفرش البوقلمون، وبحيرتها التي هي عليها مقدار إقلاع يوم في عرض نصف يوم، ويكون ماؤها أكثر السنة ملحا لدخول ماء بحر الروم إليه عند هبوب ريح الشمال، فإذا انصرف نيل مصر في دخول الشتاء وكثر هبوب الريح الغربية حلت البحيرة وحلا سيف البحر الملح مقدار بريدين حتى يجاوز مدينه الفرما، فحينئذ يخزنون الماء في جباب لهم ويعدونه لسنتهم ومن حذق نواتيّ البحر في هذه البحيرة أنهم يقلعون بريح واحدة، يديرون القلوع بها حتى يذهبوا في جهتين مختلفتين فيلقى المركب المركب مختلف السير في مثل لحظ الطرف بريح واحدة قال:
وليس بتنيس هو امّ مؤذية لأن أرضها سبخة شديدة الملوحة. وقرأت في بعض التواريخ في أخبار تنّيس: قيل فيه إن سور تنيس ابتدئ ببنيانه في شهر ربيع الأول سنة 230، وكان والي مصر يومئذ عيسى بن منصور بن عيسى الخراساني المعروف بالرافعي من قبل ايتاخ التركي في أيام الواثق ابن المعتصم، وفرغ منه في سنة 239 في ولاية عنبسة ابن إسحاق بن شمر الضبي الهروي في أيام المتوكل، كان بينهما عدة من لولاة في هذه المدة، بطالــع الحوت اثنتا عشرة درجة في أول جد الزهرة وشرفها وهو الحد الأصغر، وصاحب الطالع المشتري وهو في بيته وطبيعته، وهو السعد الأعظم في أول الإقليم الرابع الأوسط الشريف، وإنه لم يملكها من لسانه أعجمي لأن الزهرة دليلة العرب، وبها مع المشتري قامت شريعة الإسلام، فاقتضى حكم طالعها أن لا تخرج من حكم اللسان العربي. وحكي عن يوسف بن صبيح أنه رأى بها خمسمائة صاحب محبرة يكتبون الحديث، وأنه دعاهم سرّا إلى بعض جزائرها وعمل لهم طعاما يكفيهم، فتسامع به الناس فجاءه من العالم ما لا يحصى كثرة، وإن ذلك الطعام كفى الجماعة كلهم وفضل منه حتى فرّقه بركة من الله الكريم حلت فيه بفضائل الحديث الشريف.
وقيل إن الأوزاعي رأى بشر بن مالك يلتبط في المعيشة فقال: أراك تطلب الرزق، الا أدلك على أمّ متعيّش قال: وما أمّ متعيّش؟ قال: تنيس ما لزمها أقطع اليدين إلا ربّته، قال بشر: فلزمتها فكسبت فيها أربعة آلاف، وقيل: إن المسيح، عليه السلام، عبر بها في سياحته فرأى أرضا سبخة مالحة قفرة والماء الملح محيط بها، فدعا لأهلها بإدرار الرزق عليهم.
قال: وسمّيت تنّيس باسم تنيس بنت دلوكة الملكة، وهي العجوز صاحبة حائط العجوز بمصر، فإنها أول من بنى بتنيس وسمتها باسمها، وكانت ذات حدائق وبساتين، وأجرت النيل إليها، ولم يكن هناك بحر، فلما ملك دركون بن ملوطس وزمطرة من أولاد العجوز دلوكة فخافا من الروم، فشقّا من بحر الظلمات خليجا يكون حاجزا بين مصر والروم فامتدّ وطغى وأخرب كثيرا من البلاد العامرة والأقاليم المشهورة، فكان فيما أتى عليها أحنّة تنّيس وبساتينها وقراها ومزارعها ولما فتحت مصر في سنة عشرين من الهجرة كانت تنيس حينئذ خصاصا من قصب، وكان بها الروم، وقاتلوا أصحاب عمرو، وقتل بها جماعة من المسلمين، وقبورهم معروفة بقبور الشهداء عند الرمل فوق مسجد غازي وجانب الأكوام، وكانت الوقعة عند قبّة أبي جعفر بن زيد، وهي الآن تعرف بقبّة الفتح، وكانت تنيس تعرف بذات الأخصاص إلى صدر من أيام بني أميّة، ثم إن أهلها بنوا قصورا ولم تزل كذلك إلى صدر من أيام بني العباس، فبني سورها كما ذكرنا، ودخلها أحمد ابن طولون في سنة 269، فبنى بها عدّة صهاريج وحوانيت في السوق كثيرة، وتعرف بصهاريج الأمير.
وأما صفتها فهي جزيرة في وسط بحيرة مفردة عن البحر الأعظم يحيط بهذه البحيرة البحر من كل جهة، وبينها وبين البحر الأعظم برّ آخر مستطيل، وهي جزيرة بين البحرين، وأول هذا البر قرب الفرما والطينة، وهناك فوهة يدخل منها ماء البحر الأعظم إلى بحيرة تنيس في موضع يقال له القرباج، فيه مراكب تعبر من برّ الفرما إلى البر المستطيل الذي ذكرنا أنه يحول بين البحر الأعظم وبحيرة تنيس، يسار في ذلك البر نحو ثلاثة أيام إلى قرب دمياط، وهناك أيضا فوهة أخرى تأخذ من البحر الأعظم إلى بحيرة تنيس، وبالقرب من ذلك فوهة النيل الذي يلقي إلى بحيرة تنيس، فإذا تكاملت زيادة النيل غلبت حلاوته على ماء البحر فصارت البحيرة حلوة، فحينئذ يدخر أهل تنيس المياه في صهاريجهم ومصانعهم لسنتهم، وكان لأهل الفرما قنوات تحت الأرض تسوق إليهم الماء إذا حلت البحيرة، وهي ظاهرة الى الأرض، وصورتها في الصفحة المقابلة.
قال صاحب تاريخ تنيس: ولتنيس موسم يكون فيه من أنواع الطيور ما لا يكون في موضع آخر، وهي مائة ونيف وثلاثون صنفا، وهي: السلوى، القبج المملوح، النصطفير، الزرزور، الباز الرومي، الصفري، الدبسي، البلبل، السقاء، القمري، الفاختة، النواح، الزّريق، النوبي، الزاغ، الهدهد، الحسيني، الجرادي، الأبلق، الراهب، الخشّاف، البزين، السلسلة، درداري، الشماص، البصبص، الأخضر، الأبهق، الأزرق، الخضير، أبو الحناء، أبو كلب، أبو دينار، وارية الليل، وارية النهار، برقع أم علي، برقع أم حبيب، الدوري، الزنجي،
الشامي، شقراق، صدر النحاس، البلسطين، الستة الخضراء، الستة السوداء، الأطروش، الخرطوم، ديك الكرم، الضريس، الرقشة الحمراء، الرقشة الزرقاء، الكسر جوز، الكسر لوز، السمانى، ابن المرعة، اليونسة، الوروار، الصردة، الحصية الحمراء، القبرة، المطوق، السقسق، السلار، المرع، السكسكة، الارجوجة، الخوخة، فردقفص، الاورث، السلونية، السهكة، البيضاء، اللبس، العروس، الوطواط، العصفور، الروب، اللفات، الجرين، القليلة، العسر، الأحمر، الأزرق، البشرير، البون، البرك، البرمسي، الحصاري، الزجاجي، البج، الحمر، الرومي، الملاعقي، البط الصيني، الغرناق، الأقرح، البلوى، السطرف، البشروش، وز الفرط، أبو قلمون، أبو قير، أبو منجل، البجع، الكركي، الغطاس، البلجوب، البطميس، البجوبة، الرقادة، الكروان البحري، الكروان الحرحي، القرلّى، الخروطة، الحلف، الارميل، القلقوس، اللدد، العقعق، البوم، الورشان، القطا، الدّرّاج، الحجل، البازي، الصردي، الصقر، الهام، الغراب، الأبهق، الباشق، الشاهين، العقاب، الحداء، الرخمة، وقيل: إن البجع من طيور جيحون وما سوى هذا الجنس من طيور نهر جيحون وما سوى ذلك من طيور نهري العراق: دجلة والفرات، وإن البصبص يركب ظهر ما اتفق له من هذه الطيور، ويصل إلى تنيس طير كثير لا يعرف اسمه صغار وكبار، ويعرف بها من السمك تسعة وسبعون صنفا، وهي: البوري، البلمو، البرو، اللبب، البلس، السكس، الاران، الشموس، النسا، الطوبان، البقسمار، الأحناس، الأنكليس، المعينة، البنّي، الإبليل، الفريص، الدونيس، المرتنوس، الاسقملوس، النفط، الخبار، البلطي، الحجف، القلارية، الرخف، العير، التون، اللت، القجاج، القروص، الكليس، الأكلس، الفراخ، القرقاج، الزلنج، اللاج، الأكلت، الماضي، الجلاء، السلاء، البرقش، البلك، المسط، القفا، السور، حوت الحجر، البشين، الشربوت، البساس، الرعاد، المخيرة،
اللبس، السطور، الراي، الليف، اللبيس، الابرميس، الاتونس، اللباء، العميان، المناقير، القلميدس، الحلبوة، الرقاص، القريدس، الجبر، هو كباره، الصيح، المجزّع، الدّلّينس، الأشبال، المساك الأبيض، الزقزوق، أم عبيد، السلور، أم الأسنان، الأبسارية، اللجاة.
وينسب إليها خلق كثير من أهل العلم، منهم:
محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن أحمد أبو بكر التنيسي المعروف بالنقّاش، قال أبو القاسم الدمشقي: سمع بدمشق محمد بن حريم ومحمد بن عتاب الزّفتي وأحمد بن عمير بن جوصا وحمامة بن محمد وسعيد ابن عبد العزيز والسلّام بن معاذ التميمي ومحمد بن عبد الله مكحولا البيروتي وأبا عبد الرحمن السناني وأبا القاسم البغوي وزكرياء بن يحيى الساجي وأبا بكر الباغندي وأبا يعلى الموصلي وغيرهم، روى عنه الدارقطني وغيره، ومات سنة 369 في شعبان، ومولده في رمضان سنة 282 وأبو زكرياء يحيى بن أبي حسان التنيسي الشامي، أصله من دمشق سكن تنيس، يروي عن الليث بن سعد وعبد الله بن الحسن بن طلحة ابن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى بن كامل أبو محمد البصري المعروف بابن النحاس من أهل تنيس قدم دمشق ومعه ابناه محمد وطلحة، وسمع الكثير من أبي بكر الخطيب، وكتب تصانيفه، وعبد العزيز الكناني وأبي الحسن بن أبي الحديد وغيرهم، ثم حدث بها وببيت المقدس عن جماعة كثيرة، فروى عنه الفقيه المقدسي وأبو محمد بن الأكفاني ووثّقه وغيرهما، وكان مولده في سادس ذي القعدة سنة 404، ومات بتنيس سنة 461 وقيل 462.

دعو

1 دَعَوْتُ and دَعَيْتُ signify the same: (Fr, K and TA in art. دعى:) the aor. of the former is أَدْعُو, (TA in that art.,) sec. Pers\. fem. sing.

تَدْعِينَ and تَدْعُوِينَ and تَدٌعُيْنَ, the last with an inclination to the sound of a dammeh in the vowel of the ع [so that it is between a kesreh and a dammeh], and sec. Pers\. masc. and fem. pl. تَدْعُونَ: (S, TA:) aor. of the latter verb أَدْعِى: inf. n. دُعَآءٌ. (TA in art. دعى.) دُعَآءٌ [generally] signifies [or implies] The act of seeking, desiring, asking, or demanding. (KT.) b2: You say, دَعَا اللّٰهَ, (K,) first Pers\. دَعَوْتُ, aor. ـْ (Msb,) inf. n. دُعَآءٌ (Msb, K) and دَعْوَى, (K,) in which latter the alif [written ى] is to denote the fem. gender, [and therefore the word is without tenween,] (TA,) He prayed to God, supplicated Him, or petitioned Him humbly, (Msb, K, TA,) desiring to obtain some good that He had to bestow. (Msb, TA.) And دَعَوْتُ اللّٰهَ لَهُ [I prayed to God for him]; and عَلَيْهِ [against him]; inf. n. دُعَآءٌ: (S:) [and دَعَوْتُ لَهُ I prayed for him, or blessed him; and دَعَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ I prayed against him, or cursed him:] and دَعَوْتُ لَهُ بِخَيْرٍ [I supplicated for him good]; and دَعَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِشَرٍّ [I imprecated upon him evil]. (TA.) b3: دَعَا بِالكِتَابِ He desired, or required, or requested, that the writing, or book, should be brought. (TA.) And دَعَا أَنْفُهُ الطِّيبَ His nose, perceiving its odour, desired the perfume. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] دَعَا بِهِ, said of anything in the earth, means It needed it; or required it: [and so دَعَا إِلَيْهِ: one says of a wall, دَعَا إِلَى إِصْلَاحِهِ It needed, or required, its being repaired: (see 10 in art. رم:) and] one says to him whose clothes have become old and worn out, قَدْ دَعَتْ ثِيَابُكَ [Thy clothes have become such as to need thy putting on others; or] thou hast become in need of putting on other clothes. (Aboo-'Adnán, TA.) [See also 10.] b5: دَعَوْتُهُ, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb,) and دَعَوْتُ بِهِ, (MA, [and of frequent occurrence,]) inf. n. [دُعَآءٌ and] دَعْوٌ, (TA, [but the former is more common,]) also signify I called him, called out to him, or summoned him, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb,) syn. نَادَيْتُهُ, (Mgh, Msb,) or الدُّعَآءُ is to the near and النِّدَآءُ is to the distant, (Kull p. 184,) and desired him to come, to come forward, or to advance; (Msb;) and ↓ اِسْتَدْعَيْتُهُ signifies the same, (S, MA,) [i. e.] I called him to myself. (MA.) One says, دَعَا المُؤَذِّنُ النَّاسَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ [The مؤذّن called the people to prayer]. (Msb.) And the saying of En-Nahdee كُنَّا نَدْعُو وَنَدَعُ means We used to call, or invite, them to ElIslám at one time, and to leave doing so at another time. (Mgh.) And دَعَوْتُ النَّاسَ, (Msb,) inf. n. دُعَآءٌ and دَعْوَةٌ, (S,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) and مَدْعَاةٌ, (S, [app. there mentioned as an inf. n., agreeably with many other instances,]) means also I invited people to eat with me, or at my abode. (Msb.) b6: [Hence,] مَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ What drew, led, induced, or caused, and constrained, or drove, thee to do this thing? (TA.) And دَعَانَا غَيْثٌ وَقَعَ بِبَلَدٍ قَدْ أَمْرَعَ, i. e. [Rain that fell in a region which had become abundant in herbage invited us thither, or] was the cause of our seeking its herbage. (TA.) And يَدْعُومَا بَعْدَهُ, (S, Mgh, K, *) or يَدْعُومَا وَرَآءَهُ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ, (Nh, TA,) [It draws, or attracts, what is to come after it, of the milk,] said of some milk left in the udder. (S, Nh, Mgh, K, TA.) And دَعَاهُ إِلَى الأَمِيرِ He drove him, or urged him to go, [but more commonly meaning he summoned him,] to the prince, or commander. (K, * TA. [In the TK, الى الأَمْرِ to the thing, or affair.]) b7: [Hence likewise,] الدُّعَآءُ signifies also The calling to one's aid: thus, [in the Kur ii. 21,] وَادْعُوا شُهَدَآءَكُمْ meansAnd call ye to your aid [your helpers]. (TA.) b8: And دَعَا المَيِّتَ He called upon the dead, praising him, and saying, Alas for such a one! or he wailed for, wept for, or deplored the loss of, the dead, and enumerated his good qualities and actions; as though he called him. (TA. [See also 5.]) b9: And دَعَوْتُهُ زَيْدًا and بِزَيْدٍ (tropical:) I called him, i. e. named him, Zeyd. (Msb, K, TA.) And دَعَوْتُهُ بِابْنِ زَيْدٍ (assumed tropical:) I called him, i. e. asserted him to be, the son of Zeyd. (Msb.) b10: دَعَاهُ اللّٰهُ (assumed tropical:) God destroyed him: [as though He called him away:] whence تَدْعُو مَنْ أَدْبَرَ وَتَوَلَّى, in the Kur lxx. 17, [describing the fire of Hell,] (assumed tropical:) It shall destroy him who shall have gone back from the truth and turned away from obedience: or this means (tropical:) it shall draw, and bring, &c.: or it refers to the زَبَانِيَة of Hell [i. e. the tormentors of the damned]: (Bd:) or it means (assumed tropical:) it will do to them hateful deeds. (TA.) [Also] God punished him, or tormented him. (TA.) and دَعَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِمَكْرُوهٍ (tropical:) God caused an evil, or abominable, event to befall him. (ISd, Z, K.) b11: دَعَا فِى الضَّرْعِ (tropical:) He left some milk, such as is termed دَاعِيَة, in the udder. (M, K, TA.) Accord. to IAth, دَاعِيَةٌ is an inf. n., like عَاقِبَةٌ and عَافِيَةٌ. (TA.) 3 مُدَاعَاةٌ signifies (tropical:) The proposing an enigma or enigmas to a person; or the contending with another in doing so; syn. مُحَاجَاةٌ. (S, K, TA.) You say, دَاعَيْتُهُ (tropical:) I proposed to him an enigma or enigmas; &c. (TA.) A poet says, أُدَاعِيكَ مَا مُسْتَصْحَبَاتٌ مَعَ السُّرَى حِسَانٌ وَمَا آثَارُهَا بِحِسَانِ [(assumed tropical:) I propose to thee an enigma: What are things that are taken as companions in night-journeying, good, and the effects whereof are not good?]: meaning swords. (S.) b2: And The asking a thing of one much, so as to weary; as also مُحَاجَاةٌ. (K.) b3: دَاعَيْنَا الحَائِطَ عَلَيْهِمْ (tropical:) We pulled down, or demolished, the wall upon them, from the sides [or foundations] thereof. (K, * TA.) b4: [Golius assigns other significations to دَاعَى, for which I find no authority: namely, “Convocavit ad Deum propheta, præco sacer,” followed by an accus.: and “ Contendit contra alium: Provocavit: pecul. rem vindicans sibi vel arrogans. ”]4 أَدْعَاهُ [so in some copies of the K; in other copies ↓ اِدَّعَاهُ; the former of which I regard as the right reading;] He made him to assert his relationship as a son [for يُدْعَى, in my copies of the K, I read ↓ يَدَّعِى, syn. with يَعْتَزِى,] to one who was not his father. (K.) [SM, who appears to have read ↓ اِدَّعَاهُ, says that it is like اِسْتَلْحَقَهُ and اِسْتَلَاطَهُ.]5 التَّدَعِّى [inf. n. of تَدَعَّتْ] signifies The تَطْرِيب [or singing, or quavering or trilling and prolonging of the voice, or prolonging and modulating of the voice,] of a woman wailing for the dead. (TA. [See دَعَا المَيِّتَ, above.]) 6 التَّدَاعِى signifies The calling, summoning, or convoking, one another. (Mgh.) You say, تَدَاعَوْ لِلْحَرْبِ [They called, summoned, or convoked, one another for war: and hence,] (assumed tropical:) they prepared themselves for war. (TA.) And تَدَاعَوْا عَلَيْهِ, (Msb, K,) or عَلَى بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (T, M,) They collected themselves together, (K,) or called one another so that they assembled together, (M,) or leagued together, and called one another to mutual aid, (T, Msb, *) against him, (Msb, K,) or against the sons of such a one. (T, M.) and تَدَاعَى عَلَيْهِ العَدُوُّ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ (assumed tropical:) The enemy advanced against him from every side. (K, * TA.) b2: [Hence,] تَدَاعَتِ السَّحَابَةُ بِالبَرْقِ وَالرَّعْدِ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ (assumed tropical:) The cloud lightened and thundered from every quarter. (TA.) And تَدَاعَى البُنْيَانُ, (Mgh, Msb,) or البِنَآءُ, (TA,) (tropical:) The building cracked in its sides, (Msb,) or became much broken, (TA,) and gave notice of falling to ruin: (Msb, TA:) or cracked in several places, without falling; and in like manner, تَدَاعَتِ الحِيطَانُ, (Mgh,) the walls cracked in several places, without falling: (Mgh, K: *) and تَدَاعَتِ الحِيطَانُ لِلْخَرَابِ the walls fell to ruin by degrees; syn. تَهَادَمَت: (S:) [but Mtr says,] تَدَاعَتْ إِلَى الخَرَابِ is a vulgar phrase; not [genuine] Arabic. (Mgh.) And تداعى said of a sand-hill, (assumed tropical:) It, being put in notion, or shaken in its lower part, poured down. (Msb.) And [hence,] تَدَاعَتْ إِبِلُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) (tropical:) The camels of such a one became broken by emaciation. (TA.) b3: تَدَاعَوْ بِالأَلْقَابِ They called one another by surnames, or nicknames. (Msb.) b4: التَّدَاعِى also signifies (assumed tropical:) The trying one another with an enigma or enigmas; or contending, one with another, in proposing an enigma or enigmas; syn. التَّحَاجِى. (TA in art. حجو.) You say, بَيْنَهُمْ أُدْعِيَّةٌ يَتَدَاعُوْنَ بِهَا (assumed tropical:) [Between them is an enigma with which they try one another; or by proposing which they contend, one with another]. (S, K. *) b5: يَتَدَاعَوْنَ فَصْلَ الخِطَابِ (assumed tropical:) They compete, one with another, [as though each one challenged the others,] in discoursing of the science of chasteness of speech, and eloquence. (Har p. 446.) b6: See also 8, in two places.

A2: [It is also used transitively:] you say, تَدَاعَوُا القَوْمَ They [together] called the people. (Mgh in art. نقض. [See 6 in that art.]) 7 اندعى i. q. أَجَابَ. (K.) Akh heard one or more of the Arabs say, لَوْدَعَوْنَا لَانْدَعَيْنَا, meaning لَأَجُبْنَا [i. e. Had they called us, &c., we had certainly answered, or replied, or assented, or consented]. (S.) 8 اِدَّعَى He asserted a thing to be his, or to belong to him, or to be due to him, either truly or falsely: (K, * TA:) he claimed a thing; laid claim to it; or demanded it for himself: and he desired a thing; or wished for it. (Msb.) and اِدَّعَوُا الشَّىْءَ and الشىء ↓ تَدَاعَوُا signify the same [i. e. They claimed the thing, every one of them for himself]. (Mgh.) You say, اِدَّعَيْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ كَذَا [I asserted myself to have a claim upon such a one for such a thing; preferred a claim against such a one for such a thing; or claimed of such a one such a thing]. (S.) And اِدَّعَى زَيْدٌ عَلَى عَمْرو مَالًا [Zeyd asserted himself to have a claim upon 'Amr for property; or preferred a claim against 'Amr &c.]. (Mgh.) And اِدَّعَيْتَ عَلَىَّ مَا لَمْ أَفْعَلْ [Thou hast asserted against me, or charged against me, or accused me of, that which I have not done]. (S and K in art. شرب, and S in art. اكل.) هٰذَا الَّذِى كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تَدَّعُونَ, in the Kur [lxvii. 27], means This is that on account of which ye used to assert vain and false things: or which ye used to deny, or disbelieve: or, accord. to Fr, the latter verb may here be used in the sense of تَدْعُونَ; and the meaning may be, this is that which ye desired to hasten, and for which ye prayed to God in the words of the Kur [viii. 32], “O God, if this be the truth from Thee, then rain Thou upon us stones from Heaven, or bring upon us some [other] painful punishment: ” it may be from الدُّعَآءُ: and it may be from الدَّعْوَى: (TA:) [i. e.] it means this is that which ye used to demand, and desire to hasten; from الدُّعَآءُ: or that which ye used to assert, [namely,] that there will be no raising to life; from الدَّعْوَى. (Bd.) And وَلَهُمْ مَا يَدَّعُونَ, in the Kur [xxxvi. 57], is explained as meaning and they shall have what they desire, or wish for; which is referrible to the meaning of الدُّعَآءُ. (TA.) b2: You say also, اِدَّعَى غَيْرَ أَبِيهِ [He asserted the relationship of father to him of one who was not his father; or claimed as his father one who was not his father]. (T, Mgh, Msb.) And يَدَّعِى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ [He asserts his relationship as a son, or claims the relationship of a son, to one who is not his father]. (T, Msb. See 4, in three places.) And يَدَّعِيهِ غَيْرُ أَبِيهِ [One who is not his father asserts him to be his son; or claims him as his son]. (T, Msb.) الاِدِّعَآءُ in war signifies The asserting one's relationship; syn. الاِعْتِزَآءُ; (S, TA;) as also ↓ التَّدَاعِى; (TA;) i. e. the saying “ I am such a one the son of such a one. ” (S.) And [hence] sometimes it includes the meaning of Informing, or telling; and therefore بِ may be prefixed to its objective complement; so that one says, فُلَانٌ يَدَّعِى بِكَرَمِ فِعَالِهِ, i. e. Such a one informs of the generosity of his deeds. (Msb.) 10 إِسْتَدْعَوَ see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b2: [Hence, استدعى signifies also It called for, demanded, required, or invited, a thing. See also دَعَابِهِ.]

دَعْوَةٌ [as an inf. n. of un.] signifies A single time or act (S, Msb) [of prayer and of imprecation, as is indicated in the S, and also, though less plainly, in the TA]. See دُعَآءٌ. b2: [Also, as such, A call.] You say, هُوَمِنِّى دَعْوَةُ الرَّجُلَ (K, TA) and الكَلْبِ, and دَعْوَةَ الرَّجُلِ and الكَلْبِ, in the former case دعوة being used as a simple subst., and in the latter case as an adv. n., (TA,) meaning قَدْرُ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ ذَاكَ [i. e. He, or it, is distant from me the space of the call of the man and of the dog]. (K, TA.) And لَهُمُ الدَّعْوَةُ عَلَى

غَيْرِهِمْ The call is to them before the others of them: (K, TA: [يَبْدَأُ in the CK is a mistake for يُبْدَأُ:]) accord. to the T and the Nh, in the case of gifts, or pay, or salary. (TA.) b3: The call to prayer: whence, in a trad., الدَّعُوَةُ فِى الحَبَشَةِ [meaning The office of calling to prayer rests among the Abyssinians]; (JM, TA;) said by the Prophet in preference of his مُؤَذِّن Bilál. (JM.) b4: A call, or an invitation, to El-Islám. (Mgh.) Yousay, أَدْعُوكَ بِدَعْوَةِ الإِسْلَامِ and السلام ↓ دِعَايَةِ and الاسلام ↓ دَاعِيَةِ, meaning I call thee, or invite thee, by the declaration of the faith whereby the people of false religions are called: دَاعِيَةٌ being an inf. n. syn. with دَعْوَةٌ, like عَافِيَةٌ and عَاقِبَةٌ: (JM:) دَعْوَةُ الإِسْلَامِ and ↓ دَعايَتُهُ and ↓ دَاعِيَتُهُ signify the same: and دَعْوَةُ الحَقِّ [in like manner] means the declaration that there is no deity but God. (TA.) b5: An invitation to food, (S, M, Msb, K, TA,) and to beverage; or, accord. to Lh, specially a repast, feast, or banquet, on the occasion of a wedding or the like: (TA:) thus pronounced by most of the Arabs, except 'Adee of Er-Rabáb, who pronounce it, in this sense, ↓ دِعْوَةٌ: (A 'Obeyd, S, M, Msb:) it is an inf. n. in this sense, (S,) or a simple subst.: (Msb:) and ↓ دُعْوَةٌ signifies the same; (K;) or, as some say, this, which is given as on the authority of Ktr, is a mistake: (TA:) and so does ↓ مَدْعَاةٌ [app. an inf. n.]. (S, Msb, K.) You say, كُنَّافِى

دَعْوَةِ فُلَانٍ and ↓ مَدْعَاتِهِ, meaning [We were included in] the invitation (دُعَآء [see 1]) of such a one to food: (S, Msb: [but in the latter, نَحْنُ, in the place of كُنَّا:]) [or we were at the repast, or feast, or banquet, of such a one; for] you say [also] دَعَاهُ إِلَى الدَّعْوَةِ and ↓ الى المَدْعَاةِ [He invited him to the repast, or feast, or banquet: and in this sense دَعْوَة is commonly used in the present day]. (MA.) b6: See also دِعْوَةٌ: b7: and دَعْوَى. b8: Also i. q. حَلِفٌ or حَلْفٌ (accord. to different copies of the K) [both in the sense of Confederation to aid or assist]: (K, TA:) [whence] one says, دَعْوَةٌ فُلَانٍ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ

[meaning The confederation of such a one is with the sons of such a one]. (TA.) دُعْوَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دِعْوَةٌ respects relationship, (S, Msb,) like ↓ دَعْوَى or دَعْوَى فِى النَّسَبِ; (S;) meaning A claim in respect of relationship; (K;) [i. e.] one's claiming as his father a person who is not his father; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) [in other words,] one's claiming the relationship of a son to a person who is not his father: or one's being claimed as a son by a person who is not his father: (Az, Msb:) thus pronounced by most of the Arabs, except 'Adee of Er-Rabáb, who pronounce it, in this sense, ↓ دَعْوَةٌ. (S, Msb.) See also دَعْوَى. b2: Also Kindred, or relationship, and brotherhood: so in the saying, لِى فِىالقَوْمِ دِعْوَةٌ [I have in, or among, the people, or company of men, kindred, or relationship, and brotherhood]. (Ks, Msb.) b3: See also دَعْوَةٌ.

دَعْوَى: see دُعَآءٌ, in five places. b2: Also a subst. from 8; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA;) omitted in the K, though better known than the sun; (TA;) and so ↓ دَعَاوَةٌ (M, Msb, K) and ↓ دِعَاوَةٌ and ↓ دِعْوَةٌ, (M, K,) accord. to the general pronunciation, (M, TA,) and ↓ دَعْوَةٌ, (M, K,) accord. to the pronunciation of 'Adee of Er-Rabáb, (M, TA,) and ↓ دَاعِيَةٌ; (TA, there said to be syn. with دَعْوَى;) [meaning An assertion that a thing belongs to one, or is due to one; a claim; as is indicated in the S and Mgh and K &c.;] a demand; a suit; (Yz, Az, Msb;) whether true or false: (Mgh, K, TA:) the pl. of دَعْوَى is دَعَاوٍ and دَعَاوَى; the former of which is preferable accord. to some, being, as IJ says, the original form; but some say that the latter is preferable: (Msb:) [the latter only is mentioned in the Mgh:] the alif in the sing. [written ى] is a sign of the fem. gender; and therefore the word is without tenween. (Mgh.) Yz mentions the sayings, لِى فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ دَعْوَى I have, in respect of this thing, [a claim or] a demand, and دَعَاوَى or دَعَاوٍ [claims or] demands, as written in different copies. (Az, Msb.) And لَوْ أُعْطِىَ النَّاسُ بِدَعَاوِيهِمْ [If men were given according to their claims, or demands,] occurs in a trad. (Msb.) b3: See also دِعْوَةٌ.

دُعْوِىٌّ is a word used only in negative sentences: (S:) you say, مَا بِالدَّارِ دُعْوِىٌّ There is not in the house any one: (S, K: *) Ks says that it is from دَعَوْتُ, and [properly] means لَيْسَ فِيهَا مَنْ يَدْعُو [there is not in it one who calls, &c.]. (S.) دُعَآءٌ is an inf. n. of 1; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ دَعْوَى: (K:) the former is originally دُعَاوٌ: (S:) [both, used as simple substs., signify A prayer, or supplication, to God:] and the pl. of the former is أَدْعِيَةٌ. (S.) IF says that some of the Arabs, for ↓ دَعْوَةٌ, say ↓ دَعْوَى, with the fem. alif [written ى]. (Msb, TA.) One says, اَللّٰهُمَّ المُسْلِمِينَ ↓ أَشْرِكْنَا فِى دَعْوَى, meaning [O God, make us to share] in the prayer (دُعَآء) of the Muslims. (TA.) And hence, in the Kur [x. 10], فِيهَا سُبْحَانَك اللّٰهُمَّ ↓ دَعْوَاهُمْ [Their prayer in it shall be سبحانك اللّٰهمّ]. (TA.) [دُعَآءٌ followed by لِ signifies An invocation of good, a blessing, or a benediction: followed by عَلَى, an imprecation of evil, a curse, or a malediction.] سُورَهُ الدُّعَآءِ is a title of The first chapter of the Kur-án. (Bd.) b2: [Hence,] دُعَآءٌ signifies also Adoration, worship, or religious service. (TA.) b3: And i. q. إِيمَانٌ [i. e. Belief; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faith: &c.]: a meaning mentioned by the Expositors of El-Bukháree. (TA.) b4: [Also A call, or cry; and so ↓ دَعْوَى, as in the Kur vii. 4 (where the latter is explained by Bd as syn. with the former) and xxi. 15.] b5: And [particularly] A calling, or crying, for aid or succour. (TA.) دَعِىٌّ One invited to a repast: pl. دُعَوَآءُ; as in the saying عِنْدَهُ دُعَوَآءُ [With him, or at his abode, are guests invited to a repast]. (TA.) b2: One who makes a claim in respect of relationship; (S;) [i. e.] one who claims as his father a person who is not his father; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) [in other words,] one who claims the relationship of a son to a person who is not his father: or one who is claimed as a son by a person who is not his father; (Az, Msb;) an adopted son: (S, K:) pl. أَدْئِيَآءُ, (S,) which is anomalous; (Bd in xxxiii. 4;) occurring in the Kur [in the verse just referred to], where it is said, وَمَاجَعَلَ أَدْئِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَآءَكُمْ (S) Nor hath He made your adopted sons to be your sons in reality. (Jel.) b3: And One whose origin, or lineage, or parentage, is suspected; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مَدْعِىٌّ: pl. of the former as in the next preceding sentence. (TA.) دَعَاوَةٌ and دِعَاوَةٌ: see دَعْوَى.

دِعَايَةٌ: see دَعْوَةٌ, in two places.

دَعَّآءٌ One who prays, or supplicates God, or who calls, &c., much, or often. (TA.) الدَّعَّآءَةُ [an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates;] The سَبَّابَة [or fore finger]; (K;) i. e. the finger with which one calls [or beckons]. [TA.) دَاعٍ [Praying, or supplicating God:] calling, or summoning: (Mgh:) [inviting:] and particularly, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] one who calls, or summons, or invites, to obey a right or a wrong religion: (TA:) pl. دُعَاةٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and دَاعُونَ. (Msb, TA.) [Hence,] دَاعِى اللّٰهِ [God's summoner, or inviter; i. e.] the prophet: (K:) and also, (Msb, K,) or simply الدَّاعِى, (TA,) The مُؤَذِّن [or summoner to prayer]. (Msb, K, TA.) [Hence also, دَاعِى المَنَايَا The summoner of death, lit. of deaths; like طَارِقُ المَنَايَا] b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places. b3: Also A punisher. (TA.) دَاعِيَةٌ: see دَعْوَةٌ, in two places: b2: and see also دَعْوَى. b3: دَاعِيَّةٌ اللَّبَنِ The remainder of the milk, (K,) or what is left, of the milk, in the udder, (S, Mgh,) that draws, or attracts, (K,) or in order that it may draw, or attract, (S, Mgh,) what is to come after it; (S, Mgh, K; *) as also اللَّبَنِ ↓ دَاعِى, occurring in a trad., where it is said, دَعْ دَاعِىَ اللَّبَنِ [Leave thou the remainder of the milk, in the udder, that is to draw, or attract, what is to come after it]; (S, Mgh;) i. e. do not exhaust it entirely. (Mgh.) b4: Hence, دَاعِيَةٌ is metaphorically applied to signify (tropical:) A mean, or means; a cause; or a motive; (Har p. 306;) [as also ↓ دَاعٍ, often used in these senses in the present day;] and so, in an intensive sense, ↓ مَدْعَاةٌ [properly signifying a cause of drawing, attracting, or inducing, &c., originally مَدْعَوَةٌ, being a noun of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ]: (Idem p. 86:) [the pl. of the first is دَوَاعٍ.] b5: Also (assumed tropical:) The cry of horsemen in battle; (K;) as being a call to him who will aid, or succour. (TA.) b6: دَوَاعِى الصَّدْرِ (assumed tropical:) The anxiety [or rather anxieties] of the bosom. (Ham p. 509.) b7: دَوَاعِى الدَّهْرِ (tropical:) The vicissitudes of fortune: (K, TA:) sing. دَاعِيَةٌ. (TA.) أُدْعُوَّةٌ: see what next follows.

أُدْعِيَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ أُدْعُوَّةٌ (K) An enigma; a riddle; (S, K; *) like أُحْجِيَّةٌ [and أُحْجُوَّةٌ]; and including such as is in verse, like that quoted above, in the second paragraph of this article. (S.) مَدْعَاةٌ: see دَعْوَةٌ, latter part, in three places: b2: and see also دَاعِيَةٌ: [pl. مَدَاعٍ. b3: Hence the saying,] لَهُ مَسَاعٍ وَمَدَاعٍ, i. e. (tropical:) [He possesses means of attaining honour and elevation, and] causes of glorying, or memorable and generous qualities, especially in war. (TA.) مَدْعُوٌّ pass. part. n. of 1; as also ↓ مَدْعِىٌّ.]

مَدْعِىٌّ: see what next precedes: b2: and see also دَعِىٌّ, last sentence.

مُدَّعًى Claimed property [&c.]: مُدَّعًى بِهِ is nought. (Mgh.) b2: مُدَّعًى عَلَيْهِ One upon whom a claim is made for property [&c.]. (Mgh.) [A defendant in a law-suit.]

مُدَّعٍ Claiming property [&c.]; a claimant. (Mgh.) [A plaintiff in a law-suit.]