حنظل

Q. 1 حَنْظَلَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ The tree became bitter in its fruit [like the حَنْظَل]. (AHei, TA.) حَنْظَلٌ [The colocynth; cucumis colocynthis;] a certain bitter plant; (Msb;) [and its fruit;] well known; (K;) i. q. شَرْىٌ: (S:) n. un. with ة: (S, Msb, K: *) [accord. to Freytag (who refers to Avic. p. 175, and Sprengel. hist. rei herb. vol. i. p. 269,) applied also to the momordica elaterium, or cucumis prophetarum:] there is a male species, and a female; the former fibrous; the latter soft, or easily broken, white, and easy to swallow: (TA:) the choice sort of it is the yellow; (K;) or, accord. to the “ Kánoon ” of the Ra-ees [Ibn-Seenà, from which the description of its properties and uses, in the K and TA, is, with some slight variations, taken], the white, very white, and soft; for the black and the hard are bad, and it is not plucked until it becomes yellow, and the greenness has completely gone from it; (TA:) its pulp attenuates the thick phlegmatic humour that flows upon the joints (K, TA) and tendons, (TA,) when swallowed (K, TA) in the dose of of twelve keeráts, (TA,) or used in the manner of a cluster: it is beneficial for melancholy, and epilepsy, and the [sort of doting termed] وَسْوَاس, and alopecia (دَآء الثَّعْلَب), and elephantiasis (الجُذَام), (K, TA,) and [the disease of the tumid leg, termed] دَآء الفِيل; for these three used by rubbing; and for the cold نِقْرِس [i. e. arthritis, or gout], (TA,) and for the bite of vipers, and the sting of scorpions, especially its root; (K, TA;) for this last being the most beneficial of medicines; a drachm of its root, administered to an Arab stung by a scorpion in four places, being said to have cured him on the spot: that which is plucked green relaxes [the bowels] excessively, and produces excessive vomiting: so in the “ Kánoon: ” (TA:) it is also beneficial for the tooth-ache, by fumigating with its seeds; and for killing fleas, by sprinkling what is cooked thereof; and for the sciatica, by rubbing with what is green thereof: (K, TA:) its root is cooked with vinegar, and one rinses the mouth with it for the tooth-ache; and the vinegar is cooked in it in hot ashes: when cooked in olive-oil, that oil, being dropped [into the ear-hole], is beneficial for ringing in the ears: it is beneficial also for the moist and flatulent colic: and sometimes it attenuates the blood: administered as a suppository in the vagina, it kills the fœtus: (TA:) when the plant bears a single fruit, this is very deadly. (K, TA.) [See also هَبِيدٌ.] Accord. to [many of] the leading authorities among the Arabs, (TA,) the ن in this word is augmentative; (Msb, TA;) because of their saying, حَظِلَ البَعِيرُ, meaning “ the camel became sick from eating حَنْظَل; ” and J and Sgh [and Fei and others] have mentioned it in art. حظل: but ISd says that this is not an evidence of its being radically triliteral; and that حَظِلَ is like ضَغْبَةٌ (as an epithet applied to a woman) from الضَّغَابِيسُ, which must be acknowledged to be radically quadriliteral. (TA.)

حصرم

Q. 1 حَصْرَمَ, [inf. n. حَصْرَمَةٌ,] He braced his bow, making the string tight, or tense. (S, K.) b2: He twisted a rope strongly. (K.) b3: He filled (AHn, K) a vessel, (AHn, TA,) or a skin: (K:) or he filled a skin so that it became strait [or tense]. (TA.) b4: He pared and shaped a reed for writing. (K.) b5: [Golius has added the signification “ Excitavit,” as on the authority of the KL; but in my copy of that work, I find, as the inf. n. of the verb having this signification, حَثْحَثَةٌ, which immediately follows the significations of حَصْرَمَةٌ, and hence appears to have been omitted in the copy of the KL used by Golius.]Q. 2 تَحَصْرَمَ [تَحَصْرَمَ app. signifies It (a grape) became in the state in which it is termed حِصْرِم.

And hence,] تَزَبَّبَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَحَصْرَمَ [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) He did the latter part of an affair before the first; as when a man writes a book before he has qualified himself by preparatory study]: a prov. (TA.) b2: تحصرم said of butter [in the process of formation] means It became dissundered, or separated [into clots], by reason of intense cold; and did not coalesce; as also تخضرم. (TA.) حُصْرُمٌ: see the next paragraph.

حِصْرِمٌ The first of grapes, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) such as are crude and sour, (Msb,) or as long as they remain green: (K:) or grapes when hard: (Az, TA:) or, accord. to AHn, grapes when they have become organized and compacted: or, as he says on one occasion, [the n. un.] حِصْرِمَةٌ signifies a grape when it germinates. (TA.) The rubbing of the body in the bath with bruised, or pulverized, حصرم dried in the shade prevents the origination of [the cutaneous disorder termed]

حَصَف in the year in which this is done, and strengthens the body, and cools it. (K.) b2: Dates, or fruit, (تَمْرٌ, or ثَمَرٌ, accord. to different copies of the K, the latter being the reading in the M, TA,) not yet ripe. (M, K, TA.) b3: Fruit plucked from the tree called the مَظّ, (K,) i. e. the wild pomegranate. (TA.) b4: In the “ Jema et-Tefáreek,” it is said to signify Grape-stones: but this requires consideration. (Mgh.) b5: What is lean, dry, or withered, (syn. حَشَفٌ,) of anything. (Az, Msb, K.) b6: And hence, (Msb,) (assumed tropical:) A niggardly man; (ISk, S, Msb, K;) arrow in disposition; as also ↓ مُحَصْرَمٌ (S, TA) and ↓ مُتَحَصْرِمٌ: (K, * TA:) or ↓ مُحَصْرَمٌ means having little, or no, good. (TA.) b7: Short; (K;) and فَاحِش [app. as meaning evil in disposition]; as also ↓ حُصْرُمٌ. (TA.) b8: And An iron [hooked] instrument with which the bucket is extracted from a well; (K;) also called عَوْدَقٌ. (TA.) حَصْرَمَةٌ [inf. n. of Q. 1, q. v.] b2: Also Niggardliness, tenaciousness, or avarice. (K, TA.) حِصْرِمِىٌّ Omphacine. (Golius, on the authority of Meyd.)]

حِصْرِمِيَّةٌ Soup made [or flavoured] with unripe grape or dates, or with the juice thereof. (MA.) مُحَصْرَمٌ Butter dissundered, or separated [into clots], by reason of intense cold; not coalescing; (K;) [as also ↓ مُتَحَصْرِمٌ: see Q. 2.] b2: A scanty, or small, gift. (TA.) b3: Anything straitened, or scanted. (TA.) b4: See also حِصْرِمٌ, in two places.

A2: شَاعِرٌ مُحَصْرَمٌ i. q. مُخَضْرَمٌ, (K,) which is the more common term; meaning A poet that lived in the time of paganism and in that of El-Islám. (TA.) مُتَحَصْرِمٌ: see مُحَصْرَمٌ: b2: and حِصْرِمٌ.

برقش

Q. 1 برْقَشَهُ, (S, A, TA,) inf. n. بَرْقَشَةٌ, (TA,) He variegated it with divers, or different, colours; (S, TA;) from أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ, the bird so called: (S:) or he adorned him, or it. (A.) [See also بَرْقَشَةٌ, below.] b2: Hence, بَرْقَشَ قَوْلَهُ (assumed tropical:) He embellished his saying. (Har p. 235.) Q. 2 تَبَرْقَشَ He adorned himself (A, K) with various colours. (K.) You say, تَبَرْقَشَ لَنَا He adorned himself with various colours for us: (K:) or with various colours of every kind. (TA.) And تَبَرْقَشَتْ She assumed various colours: or she varied in dispositions: syn. تَلَوَّنَتْ. (A.) and تبرقش البَيْتُ The house, or chamber, or tent, became variegated. (TA.) And تبرقشت البِلَادُ The countries became adorned with various colours; from أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ. (TA.) بِرْقِشٌ A certain bird, (S, K,) different from that called أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ, (K, accord. to the TA, [ for we there read طَائِرٌ آخَرُ; the bird called ابو براقش having been mentioned before; but in the CK, in the place of آخَرُ, we find أَخْضَرُ, i. e., green;]) of small size, (S, TA,) that assumes various colours, of the kind called حُمَّر, (TA,) like the sparrow, (S, TA,) and called شُرْشُورٌ (S, K) by the people of El-Hijáz: (S, TA:) but Az states his having heard certain of the Arabs of the desert call it ابو براقش. (TA.) بَرْقَشَةٌ The diversity of colour of that which is termed أَرْقَشُ. (K.) [See also 1.]

أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ A certain bird that assumes various colours; (S;) a small wild bird, like the قَنْفُذ [or hedge-hog, but قُنْفُذ is probably a mistranscription for قُنْبُر, or lark], the upper part of whose feathers is dust-coloured (أَغْبَرُ, as in the K, accord. to the TA), or white (أَغَرُّ, as in some copies of the K), and the middle red, and the lower part black, so that when it is roused, or provoked, it ruffles its feathers and becomes variously changed in colour: (Lth, K:) or a certain bird that is found in the trees called عِضَاه, and the colour of which is between blackness and whiteness, having six قَوَادِم [or primary feathers], three on each side, heavy in the rump, that makes a noise with its wings when it flies, and assumes various colours: (IKh:) a certain variegated bird. (TA in art. ابو.) b2: .) b3: [Hence,] هُوَ أَبُو بَرَاقِشَ (assumed tropical:) He is varying, or variable, in dispositions. (A, TA.) الجَارُ البَرَاقِشِيُّ The neighbour that is variable in his actions; like الجَارُ اليَرْبُوعِىىُّ. (IAar Ta in art. جور.]

قطرب

Q. 1 قَطْرَبَ, (K,) inf. n. قَطْرَبَةٌ, (O,) He hastened, sped, or went quickly. (O, K.) A2: and قَطْرَبَهُ He threw him down, or prostrated him, on the ground: (O, K: *) and so قَرْطَبَهُ. (O.) Q. 2 تَقَطْرَبَ He (a man, TA) moved about his head: and made himself to resemble the قُطْرُب: (K:) or became like the قُطْرُب in some one of the senses assigned to it in what follows. (TA.) قُطْرُبٌ A certain bird; (S, O, K;) [app. a species of owl; accord. to Dmr, as cited by Freytag, a bird that roves about by night and does not sleep; and hence rendered by him, and by Golius, strix. No other meaning of the word, as an appellative, is mentioned in the S.] b2: And A certain insect that rests not all the day, going about, or going about quickly, (O, K, TA,) or, as they used to assert in the Time of Ignorance, that never rests, (TA,) moving about on the surface of water. (KL.) Mohammad Ibn-El-Mustaneer, (K, TA,) the grammarian, (TA,) was surnamed قُطْرُب because he used to go early in the morning to Seebaweyh; so that the latter, whenever he opened his door, found him there; wherefore he said to him, مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا قُطْرُبُ لَيْلٍ [Thou art none other than a kutrub of night]. (K, * TA.) It is also expl. in the K as meaning Light, or active; and Th mentions that it signifies thus; and adds that one says, إِنَّهُ لَقُطْرُبُ لَيْلٍ [Verily he is a kutrub of night]; but this shows that it means an insect [described above], and is not [properly speaking] an epithet. (TA.) To this insect is likened a man who labours during the day in accomplishing worldly wants and in the evening is fatigued so that he sleeps during the night until he enters upon the time of morning to betake himself to the like thereof, هٰذَا جِيفَةُ لَيْلِ قُطْرُبُ نَهَارٍ [lit. This is a corpse of the night, a kutrub of the day]. (O, from an explanation of a trad.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 329 and 643.]

b3: And [hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) A thief who is skilful, or active, in thievishness: (O, M, TA:) for اللِّصُّ الفَارِهُ فِى اللُّصُوصِيَّةِ, an explanation of القُطْرُبُ given [in the O and] by IM and others, the copies of the K erroneously substitute اللِّصُ وَالفَأْرَةُ [as though قُطْرُبٌ had the significations of a thief and a rat or mouse]. (TA.) b4: And The male (Lth, O, K, TA) of the [kind of demon called]

سِعْلَاة (Lth, TA) or of the غُول [which is said to signify the same as سعلاة]; as also ↓ قُطْرُوبٌ. (O, K, TA.) b5: And [app. A young, or little, jinnee: thus قُرْطُبٌ is expl. in the L: or] the young ones, or little ones, of the jinn. (K.) b6: And A young, or little, dog: (O:) or the young ones, or little ones, of dogs. (K.) b7: And A wolf such as is termed أَمْعَط [i. e. whose hair has fallen off, part after part, or has become scanty; or mischievous, or malignant]. (O, K.) b8: And An ignorant person, (O, K, TA,) who boasts by reason of his ignorance (يَظْهَرُ بِجَهْلِهِ). (O, TA.) b9: and Cowardly, or a coward, (O, K, TA,) even if intelligent. (O, TA.) b10: And Lightwitted; syn. سَفِيهٌ; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ قُطْرُوبٌ: and IAar has mentioned as a pl. in this sense, used by a poet, قَطَارِيبُ, which, ISd says, may be pl. of قُطْرُوبٌ or of a sing. of some other form requiring such a form of pl., or it may be used as a pl. of قُطْرُبٌ by poetic license. (TA.) b11: And Thrown down, or prostrated, on the ground, syn. مَصْرُوعٌ, (O, K, TA,) by reason of diabolical possession or wrestling. (O, * TA.) A2: Also A species of melancholia; (O, K, TA;) a well-known disease, arising from the black bile; (TA;) mostly originating in the month of شُبَاط [February, O. S.]; vitiating, or disordering, the intellect, contracting the face, occasioning continual unhappiness, causing to wander about in the night, and rendering the face أَخْضَر [here app. meaning of a dark, or an ashy, dust-colour], the eyes sunken, and the body emaciated. (O.) [A more ample discription is given by Avicenna (Ibn-Seenà). in book iii. pp. 315, et seq. SM states that he had not found this in any other lexicon than the K. Golius explains the word as signifying Lycanthropia, on the authority of Rhazes (Er-Rázee).]

قُطْرُوبٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

شمعل

Q. 1 شَمْعَلَ, (O, K, TA, [in the CK تَشَمْعَلَ,]) inf. n. شَمْعَلَةٌ, (TA,) It became scattered or dispersed. (O, K, TA.) A2: And شَمْعَلَةٌ signifies The reading, or reciting, of the Jews, (S, O, K, TA,) when they assemble فى مهرهم: (TA: [but I know not what this means:]) one says of them شَمْعَلَت [i. e. شَمْعَلَتِ اليَهُودُ]. (TA.) Q. 4 اِشْمَعَلَّ He hastened, made haste, or went quickly; syn. أَسْرَعَ: this is the primary signification. (Ham p. 282.) One says of a she-camel اشمعلّت meaning She hastened, &c. (S.) b2: and اشمعلّت الإِبِلُ The camels went, or went away, and scattered or dispersed themselves, by reason of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness: (Kh, S, O, K:) or spread themselves, or became scattered or dispersed; as also اشمعطّت: (Aboo-Turáb, TA:) or became scattered or dispersed, going [away] quickly. (TA.) And in like manner, (Kh, S, O,) اشمعلّت الغَارَةُ فِى العَدُوِّ, (Kh, S, O, K,) meaning The horsemen making a sudden attack upon the enemy scattered, or dispersed, themselves; (Aboo-Turáb, K, * TA;) and so اشمعطّت. (Aboo-Turáb, TA.) And اشمعلّ القَوْمُ فِى الطَّلَبِ The people, or company of men, hastened, and scattered or dispersed themselves, in seeking; (Aboo-Turáb, S, O, K;) as also اشمعطّ. (Aboo-Turáb, TA.) A2: And i. q. أَشْرَفَ [q. v.]. (O, K.) شَمْعَلٌ, and with ة: see the following paragraph.

مُشْمَعِلٌّ A swift she-camel; (Az, S;) or so مُشْمَعِلَّةٌ: (O:) and ↓ شَمْعَلٌ and ↓ شَمْعَلَةٌ (O, K) and مُشْمَعِلٌّ (K) a she-camel brisk, lively, or sprightly, (O, K,) and swift, (K,) and light, active, or agile. (TA.) مُشْمَعِلَّةٌ in the first of these senses is [said to be] from the phrase قِرْبَةٌ مُشْمَعِلَّةٌ A water-skin of which the water flows out. (Har p. 111.) b2: Also A man quick and penetrating or having a penetrative energy: and with ة, a very active woman. (TA.) A man light, active, or agile; excellent, or elegant, in mind, manners, &c., or clever, ingenious, or acute in mind: or tall. (K.) A man vigorous, strenuous, or energetic, and light, active, or agile. (Ham p. 384.) b3: Also applied to milk, meaning Sour, (K, TA,) overcoming by its sourness. (TA.)

زنجبيل

زَنْجَبِيلٌ [Ginger; amomum zinziber;] a certain plant growing in the country of the Arabs, in the land of 'Omán, (AHn, TA,) and in El-Yemen also; (TA;) well known: (S:) [or the root thereof;] a certain root, or roots, (accord. to different copies of the K,) creeping beneath the ground; (K, TA;) burning, or biting, to the tongue; (TA;) growing like the stalks of the papyrus, (K, TA,) and the رَاسَن [mentioned below]: there is no wild sort of it; nor is it a tree that is eaten fresh like as herbs, or leguminous plants, are eaten; but it is used in a dry state; and its conserve is the best of conserves; and the best thereof is what is brought from the country of the Zinj and China: (TA:) it has a property that is heating, or warming, digestive, lenitive in a small degree, strengthening to the venereal faculty, (K, TA,) clearing to the phlegm, (TA,) sharpening to the intellect, (K * TA,) and exhilarating: (TA:) if mixed with the moisture of the liver of the goat, and dried, and pulverized, and used as a collyrium, it removes the film [upon the eye], and obscurity of the sight. (K, TA.) b2: It is mentioned in the Kur, where it is said, [lxxvi. 17 and 18,] كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنْجَبِيلًا عَيْنًا فِيهَا تُسَمَّى سَلْسَبِيلًا [The admixture whereof shall be زنجبيل, a fountain therein named Selsebeel]: i. e. it shall have the flavour of زنجبيل [or ginger], which the Arabs esteem very pleasant: it may mean that زنجبيل is [essentially] in the wine of Paradise: or that it is the admixture thereof: or that it is a name for the fountain whence this wine is taken, and which is named Selsebeel also. (Az, O, TA.) As some assert, (ISd, TA,) it means also Wine [absolutely]. (S, ISd, K.) b3: زَنْجَبِيلُ الكِلَابِ A certain herb, or leguminous plant, the leaves of which are like [those of] the خِلَاف [or salix Aegyptia], and the twigs are red: it clears the [discoloration of the face termed]

كَلَف, and the [spots in the skin termed] نَمَش; and it kills dogs; (K;) wherefore it is named in relation to them. (TA.) b4: زَنْجَبِيلُ العَجَمِ i. q. الأُشْتُرْغَازُ [a word of Persian origin, now applied by Arabs to A species of carline thistle]. (K.) [Accord. to Freytag, Horminum, or salvia silvestris: but this, I believe, is what is called in Pers\. أُشْتُرْغَان.] b5: زَنْجَبِيلُ الشَّامِ i. q. الرَّاسَنُ [Inula helenium, common inula, or elecampane]. (K.)