موت
أنواع الــموت بحسب أنواع الحياة:
فالأوّل: ما هو بإزاء القوَّة النامية الموجودة في الإنسان والحيوانات والنّبات. نحو قوله تعالى:
يُحْيِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِــها
[الروم/ 19] ، وَأَحْيَيْنا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتاً [ق/ 11] .
الثاني: زوال القوّة الحاسَّة. قال: يا لَيْتَنِي مِتُّ قَبْلَ هذا
[مريم/ 23] ، أَإِذا ما مِتُّ لَسَوْفَ أُخْرَجُ حَيًّا [مريم/ 66] .
الثالث: زوال القوَّة العاقلة، وهي الجهالة.
نحو: أَوَمَنْ كانَ مَيْتاً فَأَحْيَيْناهُ
[الأنعام/ 122] ، وإيّاه قصد بقوله: إِنَّكَ لا تُسْمِعُ الْــمَوْتــى
[النمل/ 80] .
الرابع: الحزن المكدِّر للحياة، وإيّاه قصد بقوله: وَيَأْتِيهِ الْــمَوْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكانٍ وَما هُوَ
بِمَيِّتٍ
[إبراهيم/ 17] .
الخامس: المنامُ، فقيل: النّوم مَوْتٌ خفيف، والــموت نوم ثقيل، وعلى هذا النحو سمّاهما الله تعالى توفِّيا. فقال: وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ [الأنعام/ 60] ، اللَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الْأَنْفُسَ حِينَ مَوْتِــها وَالَّتِي لَمْ تَمُتْ فِي مَنامِها
[الزمر/ 42] ، وقوله: وَلا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْواتاً بَلْ أَحْياءٌ
[آل عمران/ 169] فقد قيل: نفي الــموت هو عن أرواحهم فإنه نبّه على تنعّمهم، وقيل: نفى عنهم الحزن المذكور في قوله: وَيَأْتِيهِ الْــمَوْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكانٍ
[إبراهيم/ 17] ، وقوله: كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذائِقَةُ الْــمَوْتِ [آل عمران/ 185] فعبارة عن زوال القوّة الحيوانيَّة وإبانة الرُّوح عن الجسد، وقوله:
إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ
[الزمر/ 30] فقد قيل: معناه: ستــموت، تنبيها أن لا بدّ لأحد من الــموت كما قيل:
والــموت حتم في رقاب العباد
وقيل: بل الميّت هاهنا ليس بإشارة إلى إبانة الرُّوح عن الجسد، بل هو إشارة إلى ما يعتري الإنسان في كلّ حال من التّحلُّل والنَّقص، فإن البشر ما دام في الدّنيا يــموت جزءا فجزءا، كما قال الشاعر:
يــموت جزءا فجزءا
وقد عَبَّرَ قوم عن هذا المعنى بِالْمَائِتِ، وفصلوا بين الميّت والمائت، فقالوا: المائت هو المتحلّل، قال القاضي عليّ بن عبد العزيز :
ليس في لغتنا مائت على حسب ما قالوه، والْمَيْتُ: مخفَّف عن الميِّت، وإنما يقال: موتٌ مائتٌ، كقولك: شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ، وسَيْلٌ سَائِلٌ، ويقال: بَلَدٌ مَيِّتٌ ومَيْتٌ، قال تعالى: فَسُقْناهُ إِلى بَلَدٍ مَيِّتٍ
[فاطر/ 9] ، بَلْدَةً مَيْتاً
[الزخرف/ 11] وَالمَيْتةُ من الحَيوان: ما زال روحه بغير تذكية، قال: حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ [المائدة/ 3] ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً [الأنعام/ 145] والْــمَوَتَــانُ بإزاء الحيوان، وهي الأرض التي لم تَحْيَ للزَّرع، وأرض مَوات. ووقع في الإبل مَوَتَــانٌ كثير، وناقة مُميتةٌ، ومُميتٌ:
مات ولدها، وإِمَاتَةُ الخمر: كناية عن طَبْخها، والمُسْتَمِيتُ المتعرِّض للــموت، قال الشاعر:
فأعطيت الجعالة مستميتا
والــمَوْتَــةُ: شِبه الجنون، كأنه من موْتِ العلم والعقل، ومنه: رجل مَوْتَــانُ القلب، وامرأة مَوْتــانةٌ.

موت

1 مَاتَ, aor. ـُ (inf. n. مَوْتٌ; Msb,) and مَاتَ, (originally مَوِتَ, like خَافَ, originally خَوِفَ, MF) [sec. per. مِتَّ,] aor. ـَ (S, K,) which latter is of the dial. of Teiyi; (TA;) and مَاتَ, (in which the medial radical letter is originally ى, like بَاعَ, MF) aor. ـِ (K,) a form which some have disapproved; (MF;) and مَاتَ, (originally مَوِتَ, Kr,) sec. Pers\. مِتَّ, aor. ـُ like دَامَ, (originally دَوِمَ, Kr,) aor. ـُ (Kr, Msb, &c.,) and like the sound verbs نَعِمَ, aor. ـْ and فَضِلَ, aor. ـْ (TA,) of the class of words in which two dial. forms are intermixed; (Msb;) He died; contr. of حَيِى. (K,) b2: [مَاتَ عَنْ بَنِينَ وَبَنَاتٍ He died having passed away from, i. e. leaving behind him, sons and daughters. And مَاتَ عَنْ ثَمَانِينَ سَنًة He died having passed beyond eighty years; i. e. being eighty years old.] b3: اللَّبَنُ لَا يَــمُوتُ [The milk will not die], in a saying of 'Omar, in a trad., means, that if a child sucks the milk of a dead woman, it becomes unlawful for him afterwards to marry any of her relations who would be unlawful to him if he sucked her milk while she was living: or it means, that, if milk taken from the breast of a woman is given to a child to drink, and he drinks it, the consequence is the same; that the effect of the milk in producing this consequence is not annulled by its separation from the breast; for whatever is separated from a living being is termed ميت, or dead, except the milk and hair and wool on account of the necessity of making use of these. (TA.) b4: مَاتَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. مَوَتَــانٌ and مَوَاتٌ, (tropical:) The land became destitute of cultivation and of inhabitants. (Msb.) b5: مَاتَ (tropical:) It (soil) became deprived of vegetable life. Hence an expression in the Kur, xxx. 18. (Az, Er-Rághib.) b6: مَاتَ (tropical:) He became deprived of sensation; [dead as to the senses]. So in the Kur, xix. 23: [but this appears to me doubtful]. (Az, Er-Rághib.) b7: مَاتَ (tropical:) He became deprived of the intellectual faculty; [intellectually dead;] or ignorant. Hence an expression in the Kur, vi. 122; and another in the Kur, xxvii. 82; and xxx. 51. (Az, Er-Rághib.) b8: مَاتَ (tropical:) [He became as though dead with grief, or sorrow, and fear;] he experienced grief, or sorrow, and fear, that disturbed his life. Hence what is said in the Kur, xiv. 20. (Az, Er-Rághib.) b9: مَاتَ (tropical:) He or it, was or became, still, quiet, or motionless. (K.) b10: ماتَتِ الرِّيح (tropical:) The wind became still, or calm. (TA.) b11: مَاتَ (tropical:) He slept. (AA, K.) b12: مَاتَتِ النَّارُ, inf. n. مَوْتٌ, (tropical:) [The fire died away;] the ashes of the fire became cold, or cool, and none of its live coals remained. (TA.) b13: مَاتَ (tropical:) It (heat or cold) became assuaged. (TA.) b14: مَاتَ (tropical:) It (water) became dried up by the earth. (TA.) b15: مَاتَ (and ↓ استمات, TA.) (tropical:) It (a garment, TA,) wore out; became worn out. (A, K.) b16: مات (tropical:) It (a road) ceased to be passed along. (TA.) b17: بَلَدٌ تَــمُوتُ فِيهِ الرِّيحُ [A town, or country, &c., in which the wind becomes broken, or loses its force]. (TA.) b18: مَاتَ فُوقُ الرَّجُلِ (tropical:) The man slept heavily; became heavy in his sleep. (TA.) b19: يَــمُوتُ مِنَ الحَسَدِ (tropical:) [He dies, or will die, of envy]. (TA.) b20: مَاتَ (tropical:) He became poor; was reduced to poverty: he became a beggar. (TA.) b21: (tropical:) He became base, abject, vile, despicable, or ignominious. (TA.) b22: (tropical:) He became extremely aged, old and weak, or decrepit. (TA.) b23: (tropical:) He became disobedient, or rebellious. Iblees is said, in a trad., to be أَوَّلُ مَنْ مَاتَ because he was the first who became disobedient, or rebellious. (TA.) b24: مَاتَ (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became lowly, humble, or submissive, to the truth. (TA.) 2 مَوَّتَــتِ الدَّوَابُّ The beasts of carriage died in great numbers; or deaths amongst them were frequent. (TA.) b2: See 4.3 مَاْوَتَ [ماوتهُ,] inf. n. مُمَاوَتَةٌ, He vied with him in patience, (K,) and in firmness, or steadiness, or the like. (TA.) [In the K, the inf. n. is expl. by مُصَابَرَة; and in the TA, by مُثَابَتَة also.]4 اماتهُ and ↓ موّتــهُ (but the latter has an intensive signification, S,) He (God) caused him to die; put him to death; killed him. (S, K.) b2: امات (tropical:) He (a man) lost a son, or sons, by death. (ISk, S.) b3: امات فُلَانٌ بَنِينَ Such a man lost sons by death. (A.) b4: اماتت She (a woman, AO, S, K, and a camel, S, K.) lost her offspring by death. (S, K.) b5: اماتوا Death [or a mortal disease] happened among their camels. (K.) b6: مَا أَــمْوَتَــهُ signifies مَا أَــمْوَتَ قَلْبَهُ [(tropical:) How dead is his heart !] for one does not wonder at any action that does not increase: (S, K:) therefore what is here meant is not literally death. (TA.) b7: اماتهُ (tropical:) He (God) rendered him poor; reduced him to poverty. (TA, from a trad.) b8: اماتهُ (tropical:) He [or it] caused him to sleep. Ex., in a prayer said on awaking, الحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الَّذِى أَحْيَانَا بَعْدَ مَا أَمَاتَنَا Praise be to God who hath awaked us after having caused us to sleep ! (L.) b9: يُمِيتُ اللَّيْلَ (assumed tropical:) He sleeps during the night. (W, p. 9.) b10: امات اللَّحْمَ, (and ↓ موّتــهُ, TA,) He took extraordinary pains in thoroughly cooking, and in boiling, the meat. (K.) And in like manner, onions, and garlic, so as to deprive them of their strong taste and odour. (TA.) b11: أُمِيتَتِ الخَمْرُ The wine was cooked, and ceased to boil. (TA.) b12: [اماتهُ is also employed in various other senses, agreeably with the senses of the primitive verb.]6 ضَرَبْتُهُ فَتَمَاوَتَ (tropical:) I beat him and he feigned himself dead, being alive. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) He pretended to be weak and motionless by reason of acts of devotion and fasting: [see the act. part. n. below]. (TA.) 10 استمات [He sought death: &c.: see مُسْتَمِيتٌ]. b2: إِسْتَمِيتُوا صَيْدَكُمْ, and دَابَّتَكُمْ, Wait until ye ascertain that your game, and your beast of carriage, has died. (A.) b3: استمات [properly, He sought, or courted, death;] i. q. استقتل; (S, K; in art. قتل;) meaning he cared not for death, by reason of his courage. (JM, in art. قتل.) b4: استمات (assumed tropical:) He (a man) was pleased with death; content to die. (TA.) b5: استمات (assumed tropical:) He (a man, TA.) tried every way, or did his utmost, in seeking a thing. (IAar, K.) b6: استمات, inf. n. إِستِمَاتٌ, (occurring thus with the final ة elided, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He (a man, and a camel, IAar,) became fat after having been emaciated, (IAar, K.) b7: استمات (tropical:) It (a thing) became relaxed, loose, or flabby. (A.) b8: استمات لِينًا (assumed tropical:) It attained the utmost degree of softness: said of a fine skin, that is likened to the thin pellicle that adheres to the white of an egg: and of other things, as also استمات فِى اللِّينِ: and in like manner, فِى الصَّلَابَةِ, in hardness. (TA.) See مُسْتَمِيتٌ b9: And see 1.

مَوْتٌ (and ↓ مَوَتَــانٌ, TA,) Death; lifelessness; contr. of حَيَاةٌ: (S, TA:) as also ↓ مُوَاتٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ مَمَاتٌ. [Occurring in the Kur, vi. 163, xvii. 77, and xlv. 20,] (S, * TA, in art. حى, and Jel, in vi. 163.) [See also مُوتَــانٌ, below: and see 1.] Or ↓ مَوَتَــانٌ, signifies much death, like as حَيَوَانٌ signifies much life. (Msb, in art. حى.) b2: الــمَوْتُ الأَبْيَضُ, and الجَارِفُ, and اللَّافِتُ, and الفَاتِلُ, Sudden death. (IAar, in T and TA, art. فلت.) b3: الــمَوْتُ الأَحْمَرُ Death by slaughter with the sword. (IAar, in T, TA, art. فلت.) b4: الــمَوْتُ الأَسْوَدُ Death by drowning, and by suffocation. (IAar, in T and TA, art. فلت.) b5: بَنَاتُ الــمَوْتِ (assumed tropical:) [The daughters of death;] meaning deadly arrows. (A, TA, voce جَعْبَةٌ, q. v.) مَيْتٌ: see مَيِّتٌ. b2: أَرْضٌ مَيْتَةٌ: see مَوَاتٌ: Unfruitful land; like as ارض حَيَّةٌ means fruitful land, or land abounding with herbage. (TA, in art. حى.) b3: مَيْتَةٌ Carrion: whatsoever hath not been killed in the manner prescribed by the law. (K, Jel, ii. 168.) See مَيِّتٌ.

مُوتَــةٌ (tropical:) A fainting, or swoon; (K;) and languor in the intellect: (TA:) or [an affection] like a fainting, or swoon: (Lh:) madness, or insanity, or diabolical possession; syn. جُنُونٌ; (AO, K;) because it occasions a stillness like death: (TA:) or a kind of madness or diabolical possession (جُنُونٌ), and epilepsy, that befalls a man; on the recovery from which, his perfect reason returns to him, as to one who has been sleeping, and to one who has been drunk. (S.) [See هُمْزٌ.]

مِيتَةٌ A kind, mode, or manner, of death: (S, K:) pl. مِيَتٌ. (TA.) b2: مَاتَ فُلَانٌ مِيتَةً

حَسَنَةً Such a one died a good kind of death. (S.) b3: مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً He died a pagan kind of death, in error and disunion. (TA, from a trad.) مَوْتَــانُ الفُؤَادِ (tropical:) A man who is [dead, or] not lively, in heart: (A:) a man who is stupid, dull, unexcitable, or not to be rendered brisk, sprightly, or lively; (S,. K;) as though the heat of his intelligence had cooled and died: (TA:) fem. with ة. (S, K.) b2: See مُوتَــانٌ and مَوَاتٌ.

مُوتَــانٌ (Fr, S, K) and ↓ مَوْتَــانٌ (K) and ↓ مُوَاتٌ (Fr) Death, [or a mortal disease, or a murrain,] that befalls camels or sheep or the like. (Fr, S, K.) The first is of the dial. of Temeem: the second, of the dial. of others. (Et-Tilimsánee.) b2: وَقَعَ فِى المَالِ مُوتَــانٌ, and ↓ مُوَاتٌ, Death [or a mortal disease] happened among the camels &c. (Fr.) b3: Also, The like among men. Ex., from a trad., يَكُونُ فِى النَّاسِ مُوتَــانٌ كَقُعَاصِ الغَنَمِ There will be, among men, a mortality, or much death, [or mortal disease], like the قُعَاص that befalls sheep or goats. (TA.) مَوَتَــانٌ (assumed tropical:) Inanimate things, or goods; dead stock; such as lands and houses [&c.]; (S;) contr. of حَيَوَانٌ [q. v.] (S, K.) It is made of this measure to agree in measure with its contr.

حيوان: both these words deviate from the constant course of speech; being of a measure properly belonging to inf. ns. (TA.) [See also مَوَاتٌ.] b2: إِشْتَرِ الــمَوَتَــانَ وَلا تَشْتَرِ الحَيَوَانَ Buy lands and houses [or the like], and buy not slaves and beasts of carriage [&c.]. (S.) b3: رَجُلٌ يَبِيعُ الــمَوَتَــانَ A man who sells utensils or furniture or the like, and anything but what has life. (L.) b4: See also مَوْتٌ.

مَوَاتٌ That wherein is no spirit or life; an inanimate thing. (S, K.) [See also مَوَتَــانٌ.]

b2: مَوَاتٌ (you say أَرْضٌ مَوَاتٌ, TA,) (tropical:) Land that has no owner (S, K) of mankind, and of which no use is made, or from which no advantage is derived, (S,) and in which is no water: such as is also called ↓ أَرْضٌ مَيْتَةٌ: (En-Nawawee:) land that has not been sown, nor cultivated, nor occupied by any man's camels

&c.: ↓ مَوَتَــانٌ signifies the same as مُوَاتٌ (مَوَاتٌ?), namely, land that is no man's property; and is also written مَوْتَــانٌ: (L:) or مَوَتَــانٌ signifies land that has not yet been brought into a state of cultivation: (Fr, S, L, K:) in a trad. it is said, that such land is the property of God and his Apostle; and whosoever brings into a state of cultivation such land, to him it belongs. (S.) مُوَاتٌ: see مَوْتٌ and مُوتَــانٌ.

مَيِّتٌ and ↓ مَيْتٌ signify the same, [Dead, or dying]: (Zj, S, K:) the former is originally مَيْوِتٌ, of the measure فَيْعِلٌ: (S:) the latter is contracted from the former; and is both masc. and fem.; (Zj, S;) as is also the former. (Zj.) 'Adee Ibn-Er-Raalà says, ↓ لَيْسَ مَنْ مَاتَ فَاسْتَرَاحَ بِمَيْتٍ

إِنَّمَا المَيْتُ مَيِّتُ الأَحْيَآءِ [He who has died and become at rest is not dead: the dead is only the dead of the living]. (S, TA.) Or ↓ مَيْتٌ signifies One who has died (actually, TA,); and مَيِّتٌ, as also ↓ مَائِتٌ, one who has not yet died, (K,) but who is near to dying: or, accord. to a verse cited by AA, to Kh, مَيْتٌ is applied to him who is borne to the grave; [i. e., who is dead, or lifeless]; and مَيِّتٌ, to him who [is dying, but] has life in him. (TA.) Fr says, you say of him who has not died, إِنَّهُ مَائِتٌ, عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ and مَيِّتٌ; but you do not say of him who has died ↓ هذا مَائِتٌ: (S:) but some say, that this is an error, and that مَيِّتٌ is applicable to that which will soon die. Those who assert that ميّت is applicable only to the living adduce the following words of the Kur, [xxxix. 31,] إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ: (TA:) i. e. Verily thou wilt die, and verily they will die. (Msb.) MF observes, that مَيْتٌ is asserted to be contracted from مَيِّتٌ; and if so, that there can be no difference in their meanings: that the making a difference between them is contrary to analogy; agreeably with which, they should be like هَيْنٌ and هَيِّنٌ, and لَيْنٌ and لَيِّنٌ: and also contrary to what has been heard from the Arabs; for they made no difference in their use of these two words. (TA.) [See also what is said of مَيْتَةٌ, below.] The pls. are أَمْوَاتٌ and مَوْتَــى and مَيِّتُونَ and مَيْتُونَ. (S, K.) The first of these is pl. of مَيِّتٌ, and consequently of مَيْتٌ, because this latter is contracted from the former: as مَيِّتٌ is of the measure فَيْعِلٌ, and this measure resembles فَاعِلٌ, it has received a form of pl. which is sometimes applicable to the measure فاعل: (Sb:) or اموات is [only] pl. of مَيْتٌ. (Msb.) [The second form (which is applied to rational beings, Msb,) is also pl. of ميّت and ميت.] The third and fourth are [only] applied to rational beings. (Msb.) The fem. epithet is مَيِّتَةٌ and مَيْتَةٌ and مَيِّتٌ (K, TA) and مَيْتٌ. (TA; and so in some copies of the K, in the place of مَيِّتٌ.) مَيِّتَةٌ is an epithet applied to a female rational being; [and its pl. is مَيِّتَاتٌ:] مَيْتَةٌ, to a female brute, for the sake of distinction; and its pl. is مَيْتَاتٌ: the latter is contracted because it is more in use than the former epithet applied to a female rational being: (Msb:) the pl. of ميّت and ميت as fem. epithets is as above [أَمْوَاتٌ and مَوْتَــى]. (TA.) b2: ↓ مَيْتَةٌ signifies That which has not been slaughtered (AA, S, K) [in the manner prescribed by the law, i. e., carrion]: or that of which the life has departed without slaughter: so in the classical language and in the language of practical law: all such is unlawful to be eaten, except fish and locusts, which are lawful by universal consent of the Muslims: (En-Nawawee:) or, in the common acceptation of the language of law, what has died a natural death, or been killed in a state or manner different from that prescribed by the law, either the agent or the animal killed not being such as is so prescribed; as that which is sacrificed to an idol, or slaughtered [by a person] in the state of إِحْرَام, or not by having the throat cut, and that which it is unlawful to eat, such as a dog: (Msb:) [and any separated part of an animal of which the flesh is not lawful food: see عَاجٌ.] b3: بَلَدٌ مَيِّتٌ A tract of land without herbage, or pasture, (Msb, in art. بلد.) b4: مَيِّتٌ (assumed tropical:) An unbeliever; like as حَىٌّ means a Muslim. (TA, in art. حى.) مَيِّتٌ and مَيْتٌ are employed in various other senses, agreeably with the senses of the verb.]

مَائِتٌ: see مَيِّتٌ. b2: فُلَانٌ مَائِتٌ فى الغَمِّ (tropical:) [Such a one is dying, or absorbed, in grief]. (TA.) b3: مَوْتٌ مَائِتٌ A severe, painful, or violent, death: (TA:) like لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ: the latter word being added to corroborate the former. (S.) مَمَاتٌ: see مَوْتٌ.

مُمِيتٌ and مُمِيتَةٌ (tropical:) A woman, and a she-camel, that has lost her offspring by death: (S:) and a woman who has lost her husband by death: (TA:) pl. مَمَاوِيتُ. (S.) مُتَمَاوِتٌ (tropical:) [Feigning himself dead]. b2: (tropical:) An epithet applied to A hypocritical devotee, (S, K,) who pretends to be like one dead in his devotion, who lowers his voice, and moves little: as though he were one who put on the outward appearance of devotees, and constrained himself to characterize himself by the characteristics of the dead, that he might be imagined to be weak by reason of much devotion. (TA.) مُسْتَمِيتٌ A courageous man, who seeks, or courts death: (K:) a man who seeks to be slain; who cares not, in war, for death: (S:) abandon-ing, or devoting, himself to death, (مسْتَرْسِلٌ لِلْــمَوْتِ,) as also مُسْتَقْتِلٌ. (A.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Abandoning, or devoting himself to a thing, or affair; syn. مُسْتَرْسِلٌ لِأَمْرٍ. (S, K.) b3: هَوَ مُسْتَمِيتٌ إِلَى كَذَا, as also مُسْتَهْلِكٌ, (tropical:) He [is devoted to such a thing, so that he] imagines that he shall die if he do not attain it. (A.) b4: Ru-beh says, وَزَبَدُ البَحْرِ لَهُ كَتِيتُ وَاللَّيْلُ فَوْقَ المَاءِ مُسْتَمِيتُ [And to the froth of the sea there was a sound like that of boiling, and night impended over the water]. (S.) [It is implied in the S that مستميت here signifies مُسْتَرْسِل.] b5: (assumed tropical:) One who feigns himself to be insane, or possessed by a devil; not being really so. (TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) One who feigns lowliness, or submissiveness, in voice, &c., to this man until he feeds him, and to this until he feeds him, and, when he is satiated, is ungrateful to his benefactors. (TA.) b7: (assumed tropical:) One who makes a show of being good and quiet or tranquil, and is not so in reality. (Ibn-El-Mubárak.) A2: مُسْتَمِيتٌ The thin pellicle that adheres to the white of an egg. (K.) [See 10: and see also مُسْتَمِيثٌ, in art. ميث.]

حَضْرَــمَوْت:
بالفتح ثم السكون، وفتح الراء والميم:
اسمان مركبان، طولها إحدى وسبعون درجة، وعرضها اثنتا عشرة درجة، فأما إعرابها فإن شئت بنيت الاسم الأول على الفتح وأعربت الثاني بإعراب ما لا ينصرف فقلت: هذا حضرموت، وإن شئت رفعت الأول في حال الرفع وجررته ونصبته على حسب العوامل وأضفته على الثاني فقلت: هذا حضرموت، أعربت حضرا وخفضت موتــا، ولك أن تعرب الأول وتخير في الثاني بين الصرف وتركه، ومنهم من يضم ميمه فيخرجه مخرج عنكبوت، [1] في رواية اخرى: صابت بدل صبت، ومن فوقه بدل شديدة.
وكذلك القول في سرّ من رأى ورامهرمز، والنسبة إليه حضرميّ، والتصغير حضيرموت تصغير الصدر منهما، وكذلك الجمع، يقال: فلان من الحضارمة مثل المهالبة، وقيل: سميت بحاضر ميّت وهو أول من نزلها، ثم خفف بإسقاط الألف، قال ابن الكلبي: اسم حضرموت في التوراة حاضر ميت، وقيل: سميت بحضرموت بن يقطن بن عامر بن شالخ، وقيل: اسم حضرموت عمرو بن قيس بن معاوية بن جشم بن عبد شمس بن وائلة بن الغوث بن قطن بن عريب ابن زهير بن أيمن بن الهميسع بن حمير بن سبأ، وقيل:
حضرموت اسمه عامر بن قحطان وإنما سمي حضرموت لأنه كان إذا حضر حربا أكثر فيها من القتل فلقب بذلك، ثم سكّنت الضاد للتخفيف، وقال أبو عبيدة: حضرموت بن قحطان نزل هذا المكان فسمي به، فهو اسم موضع واسم قبيلة. وحضرموت:
ناحية واسعة في شرقي عدن بقرب البحر، وحولها رمال كثيرة تعرف بالأحقاف، وبها قبر هود، عليه السلام، ويقربها بئر برهوت المذكورة فيما تقدم، ولها مدينتان يقال لإحداهما تريم وللأخرى شبام، وعندها قلاع وقرى، وقال ابن الفقيه: حضرموت مخلاف من اليمن بينه وبين البحر رمال، وبينه وبين مخلاف صداء ثلاثون فرسخا، وبين حضرموت وصنعاء اثنان وسبعون فرسخا، وقيل: مسيرة أحد عشر يوما، وقال الإصطخري: بين حضرموت وعدن مسيرة شهر، وقال عمرو بن معدي كرب:
والأشعث الكنديّ، حين إذ سما لنا ... من حضرموت، مجنّب الذكران
قاد الجياد، علىّ وجاها أشريا، ... قبّ البطون نواحل الأبدان
وقال عليّ بن محمد الصليحي الخارج باليمن:
وألذّ من قرع المثاني عنده، ... في الحرب، ألجم يا غلام وأسرج
خيل بأقصى حضرموت أسدها، ... وزئيرها بين العراق ومنبج
وأما فتحها: فإن رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، كان قد راس أهلها فيمن راسل فدخلوا في طاعته وقدم عليه الأشعث بن قيس في بضعة عشر راكبا مسلما، فأكرمه رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلما أراد الانصراف سأل رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، أن يولي عليهم رجلا منهم، فولى عليهم زياد ابن لبيد البياضي الأنصاري وضم إليه كندة، فبقي على ذلك إلى أن مات رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فارتدّت بنو وليعة بن شرحبيل بن معاوية، وكان من حديثه أن أبا بكر، رضي الله عنه، كتب إلى زياد بن لبيد يخبره بوفاة النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ويأمره بأخذ البيعة على من قبله من أهل حضرموت، فقام فيهم زياد خطيبا وعرّفهم موت النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ودعاهم إلى بيعة أبي بكر، فامتنع الأشعث بن قيس من البيعة واعتزل في كثير من كندة وبايع زيادا خلق آخرون وانصرف إلى منزله وبكر لأخذ الصدقة كما كان يفعل، فأخذ فيما أخذ قلوصا من فتى من كندة، فصيّح الفتى وضجّ واستغاث بحارثة بن سراقة بن معدي كرب بن وليعة ابن شرحبيل بن معاوية بن حجر القرد بن الحارث:
الولّادة يا أبا معدي كرب! عقلت ابنة المهرة، فأتى حارثة إلى زياد فقال: أطلق للغلام بكرته، فأبى وقال: قد عقلتها ووسمتها بميسم السلطان، فقال حارثة: أطلقها أيها الرجل طائعا قبل أن تطلقها وأنت كاره! فقال زياد: لا والله لا أطلقها ولا نعمة عين! فقام حارثة فحلّ عقالها وضرب على جنبها
فخرجت القلوص تعدو إلى ألّافها، فجعل حارثة يقول:
يمنعها شيخ بخدّيه الشيب ... ملمّع كما يلمّع الثوب
ماض على الرّيب إذا كان الريب
فنهض زياد وصاح بأصحابه المسلمين ودعاهم إلى نصرة الله وكتابه، فانحازت طائفة من المسلمين إلى زياد وجعل من ارتدّ ينحاز إلى حارثة، فجعل حارثة يقول:
أطعنا رسول الله ما دام بيننا، ... فيا قوم ما شأني وشأن أبي بكر؟
أيورثها بكرا، إذا مات، بعده، ... فتلك، لعمر الله، قاصمة الظهر!
فكان زياد يقاتلهم نهارا إلى الليل، وجاءه عبد له فأخبره أن ملوكهم الأربعة، وهم: مخوس ومشرح وجمد وأبضعة وأختهم العمرّدة بنو معدي كرب ابن وليعة في محجرهم قد ثملوا من الشراب، فكبسهم وأخذهم وذبحهم ذبحا، وقال زياد:
نحن قتلنا الأملاك الأربعة: ... جمدا ومخوسا ومشرحا وأبضعه
وسمّوا ملوكا لأنه كان لكلّ واحد منهم واد يملكه، قال: وأقبل زياد بالسبي والأموال فمرّ على الأشعث بن قيس وقومه فصرخ النساء والصبيان، فحمي الأشعث أنفا وخرج في جماعة من قومه فعرض لزياد ومن معه وأصيب ناس من المسلمين وانهزموا، فاجتمعت عظماء كندة على الأشعث فلما رأى ذلك زياد كتب إلى أبي بكر يستمدّه، فكتب أبو بكر إلى المهاجر بن أبي أمية، وكان واليا على صنعاء قبل قتل الأسود العنسي، فأمره بإنجاده، فلقيا الأشعث ففضّا جموعه وقتلا منهم مقتلة كبيرة، فلجؤوا إلى النّجير حصن لهم، فحصرهم المسلمون حتى أجهدوا، فطلب الأشعث الأمان لعدّة منهم معلومة هو أحدهم، فلقيه الجفشيش الكندي واسمه معدان بن الأسود بن معدي كرب، فأخذ بحقوه وقال: اجعلني من العدّة، فأدخله وأخرج نفسه ونزل إلى زياد بن لبيد والمهاجر فقبضا عليه وبعثا به إلى أبي بكر، رضي الله عنه، أسيرا في سنة 12، فجعل يكلم أبا بكر وأبو بكر يقول له: فعلت وفعلت، فقال الأشعث: استبقني لحربك فو الله ما كفرت بعد إسلامي ولكني شححت على مالي فأطلقني وزوّجني أختك أمّ فروة فإني قد تبت مما صنعت ورجعت منه من منعي الصدقة، فمنّ عليه أبو بكر، رضي الله عنه، وزوّجه أخته أمّ فروة، ولما تزوّجها دخل السوق فلم يمرّ به جزور إلا كشف عن عرقوبها وأعطى ثمنها وأطعم الناس، وولدت له أمّ فروة محمدا وإسحاق وأمّ قريبة وحبّانة، ولم يزل بالمدينة إلى أن سار إلى العراق غازيا، ومات بالكوفة، وصلّى عليه الحسن بعد صلح معاوية.