بده
1 بَدَهَهُ, (
JK,
S,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـَ (
S,
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. بَدْءٌ, (
JK,
S,
Msb,) He, or it, came upon him, or happened to him, suddenly, unexpectedly, or without his being aware of it; surprised him, or took him unawares; (
JK,
S Msb,
K;) as also ↓ بادههُ,
inf. n. مُبَادَهَةٌ: (
JK,
Msb:) the former verb has this signification said of an affair, or event. (
S,
K.) And بَدَهَهُ بِأَمْرٍ, (
S,
K,)
aor. as above, (
K,) and so the
inf. n., (
JK,
TA,) signifies اِسْتَقْبَلَهُ بِهِ, (
JK,
T,
S,
K,) i. e. He met him, or encountered him, with a thing, or an affair, or an action, (
TK,) suddenly, unexpectedly, or without his being aware of it: (
T,
TA:) or he began with him by it, or with it;
syn. بَدَأَهُ بِهِ; (
K;) the ه being a substitute for the ا (
TA:) and بِهِ ↓ بادههُ, (
S,*
K,)
inf. n. مُبَادَهَةٌ and بِدَاهٌ, (
K,) he came upon him suddenly, unexpectedly, or without his being aware of it; surprised him, or took him unawares; (
S,
K;) with it. (
K.)
b2: See also 2.
2 بدّه,
inf. n. تَبْدِيهٌ, He answered, or replied, quickly: (
IAar,
TA:) and ↓ بَدَهَ he answered, or replied, or he spoke, extempore; without premeditation. (
Har p. 64.) 3 بَاْدَهَ see 1, in two places.
6 هُمَ يَتَبَادَهَانِ بِا لشِّعْرِ (
S,
TA) They two dispute, or contend together [extemporaneously, or extemporizing, with verses or poetry]. (
TA.)
b2: See also 8.
8 ابتده الخُطْبَةَ (
K,
TA) He extemporized the discourse, or sermon, or oration; spoke it, or composed it, extemporaneously, impromptu, without premeditation. (
TA.) And ↓ هُمْ يَتَبَادَهُونَ الخُطَبَ (
K,
TA) They extemporize discourses, &c.: here the measure تَفَاعُلٌ has not its proper quality [of denoting participation in the manner of contention, though it has in a phrase mentioned before]. (
TA.) بَدْهٌ and بُدْهٌ: see بُدَاهَةٌ.
عَلَى بَدِيةٍ, and بَدِيهًا: see بَدِيهَةٌ بَدَاهَةٌ: see بُدَاهَةٌ, in two places.
بُدَاهَةٌ (
S,
K) and ↓ بَدَاهَةٌ (
Sgh,
K) and ↓ بَدِيهَةٌ (
JK,
S,
K) and ↓ بَدْهٌ and ↓ بُدْهٌ (
K) substs. from بَدَهَهُ بِأَمْرٍ, (
JK,
S,) meaning The first of anything; and an occurrence thereof by which one is taken unawares: (
K:) or the first occurrence of a thing, that happens to one unexpectedly. (
M, in explanation of the first word, in art. بدأ.)
b2: Also the first (
S,
TA) and ↓ second (
JK) and ↓ third (
TA) The first part of the running of a horse; (
JK,
S,
TA;) opposed to عُلَالَةٌ, signifying [the “remaining part of the running,” or “an afterrunning,” or] “a running after a running.” (
TA.) You say, وَعُلَالَةٍ ↓ هُوَ ذُو بَدِيهَةٍ, and بُدَاهَةٍ, [He has a first running and an after-running, differing, the one from the other]. (
Az,
TA.) And لَحِقَهُ فِى بُدَاهَةِ جَرْيِهِ [He overtook him in the first part of his running]. (
Z,
TA.)
ISd thinks that in all these cases the ه is a substitute for ء. (
TA.) [Hence,] ↓ غَمْرُ البَدِيْهَةِ [properly Fleet in the first part of his running; meaning] (
tropical:) a man who takes by surprise with large bounty. (
TA, in art. غمر.)
b3: See also the next paragraph. in three places.
بَدِيهَةٌ: see بُدَاهَةٌ, in four places. You say, لَكَ البَدِيهَةُ, (
K,) in which
ISd thinks the ه to be a substitute for ء, (
TA,) It is for thee to begin; (
K;) and so ↓ لك البُدَاهَةُ, with ه substituted for ء. (
M,
Mbr,
TA art. بدأ.) And أَجَابَ عَلَى البَديهَةِ (
K) He answered, or replied, on the first of his being taken unawares. (
TA.) [↓ عَلَى بَدِيهٍ is mentioned by Freytag, but on what authority he does not say, as meaning Unpreparedly, suddenly, or unexpectedly; and so ↓ بَدِيهًا by Golius, as on the authority of
J, but I do not find it in the
S in the present article.] And رَآهُ بَدِيهَةً, signifies He saw him suddenly, or unexpectedly. (
TA.) And بَدِيهَةُ الرَّأْىِ, Suddenly formed, unpremeditated, judgment or opinion. (
Msb.)
b2: بَدِيهَةٌ and ↓ بُدَاهَةٌ both signify The coming, of speech, without premeditation: and the coming suddenly, unexpectedly, or unawares. (
KL.)
b3: And ↓ the latter, [and more commonly the former,] An intuitive knowledge, notion, or idea; such as that one is the half of two; being, with respect to knowledge, like بَدِيعٌ with respect to intellect: (
Kull:) [or] the former signifies the faculty of judging rightly at the first of an unexpected occurrence: [intuition, or intuitive perception:]
accord. to ' Alee-Ibn-Dháfir El-Haddád, it signifies primarily اِرْتِجَالٌ فِى الكَلَامِ [i. e. the faculty of extemporizing: or speaking, or composing, extemporaneously, impromptu, without premeditation]: and predominantly, the poetizing, or versifying, impromptu, without premeditation or consideration: except that ارتجال is quicker than بديهة. (
TA.) You say, هُوَ ذُو بَدِيهَةٍ (
K) He has a faculty of judging rightly at the first of an unexpected occurrence. (
TA.) And فُلَانٌ ذُو بَدِيهَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ Such a one has a good faculty of extemporizing; or of uttering, or relating, things by means of the promptness of his intelligence. (
TA, in art. بدأ: see بَدِيْةٌ. CCC ) And هٰذَا مَعْلُومٌ فِى بَدَائِهِ العُقُولِ [This is known among the intuitive notions of intellects; i. e., intuitively]. (
K, *
TA.) بَدَائِهُ seems to be
pl. of بَدِيهَةٌ, as in the phrase, (
TA,) لَهُ بَدَائِهُ, i. e. بَدَائِعُ [He has new, or admirable, things that he utters], (
K,
TA,) in speech, or language, and poetry, and in answering, or replying: but here it is not improbable that the ه may be a substitute for the ع. (
TA.) بَدِيهِىٌّ [Intuitive knowledge;] such that its origination does not rest upon speculation, and acquisition by study, whether it do, or do not, require some other thing, as conjecture or experience &c.; (
KT,
Kull;) so that it is [sometimes]
syn. with ضَرُورِىٌّ [and opposed to نَظَرِىٌّ]: and sometimes it means such as does not require anything whatever after the intellect has directed itself; so that it is more particular than ضَرُورِىٌّ: (
KT:) as the conception of heat and cold, and the assent of the mind to the position that negation and affirmation cannot be co-existent, nor be simultaneously non-existent, in the same instance. (
KT,
Kull.)
b2: [And hence,] A mere simpleton or fool: but this is
post-classical. (
TA.) رَجُلٌ مِبْدَهٌ (
S) A man possessing in a large degree the faculty of extemporizing, or of judging rightly at the first of an unexpected occurrence; firm, or steady, in speech or discourse, or whose tongue makes no slip in contentions, when he is taken unawares. (
Har p. 64.)
