ثَنَى الشَّيْءَ، كَسَعَى: رَدَّ بَعْضَهُ على بَعْضٍ،
فَتَثَنَّى وانْثَنَى واثْنَوْنَى: انْعَطَفَ.
وأثْناءُ الشَّيْءِ ومَثَانِيهِ: قُواهُ، وطاقاتُهُ، واحِدُها: ثِنْيٌ، بالكسر: ومَثْناةٌ، ويُكْسَرُ.
وثِنْيُ الحَيَّةِ، بالكسر: انْثناؤُها، أَو ما تَعَوَّجَ منها إذا تَثَنَّتْ،
وـ من الوادِي: مُنْعَطَفُهُ
ج: أثْناءٌ.
وشاةٌ ثانِيَةٌ، بَيِّنَةُ الثِّنْيِ، بالكسر: تَثْنِي عُنُقَها لغَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ.
والاِثْنانِ: ضِعْفُ الواحِدِ، والمُؤَنَّثُ: ثِنْتانِ، وأصْلُهُ: ثِنْيٌ، لجَمْعِهِم إيَّاهُ على ثْناءٍ.
وَثَنَّاهُ تَثْنِيَةً: جَعَلَهُ اثْنَيْنِ.
وهذا واحِدٌ فاثْنِه: كُنْ ثانِيَهُ.
وهو لا يَثْنِي ولا يَثْلِثُ، أي: كَبيرٌ لا يَقْدِرُ أنْ يَنْهَضَ، لا في مَرَّةٍ، ولا في مَرَّتَيْنِ، ولا في الثَّالِثَةِ. وثَناءُ بنُ أحمدَ: مُحَدِّثٌ.
وجاؤُوا مَثْنَى وثُناءَ، كغُرابٍ، أي: اثْنَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ، وثِنْتَيْنِ ثِنْتَينِ.
والاثْنانِ والثِّنَى، كإلَى: يَوْمٌ في الأُسْبُوعِ
ج: أثْناءٌ وأثانِينُ. وجاءَ في الشِّعْرِ يَوْمُ اثْنَيْنِ، بلا لامٍ.
والإِثْنَوِيُّ: من يَصُومُهُ دائِماً وحْدَهُ.
والمَثانِي: القُرْآنُ، أو ما ثُنِّيَ منه مَرَّةً بَعْدَ مَرَّةٍ، أو الحَمْدُ، أو البَقَرَةُ إلى بَراءَة، أو كُلُّ سورَةٍ دُونَ الطُّوَلِ، ودُونَ المِئَتَيْنِ، وفَوْقَ المُفَصَّلِ، أو سُورَةُ الحَجِّ والنَّمْلِ والقَصَصِ والعَنْكَبُوتِ والنُّورِ والأنْفالِ ومَرْيَمَ والرُّومِ ويس والفُرْقانِ والحِجْرِ والرَّعْدِ وسَبَأَ والملآئكَةِ وإبراهيمَ وص~، ومُحَمدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولُقْمَانَ والغُرَفِ والزُّخْرُفِ والــمُؤْمِنِ والسَّجْدَةِ والأحْقافِ والجاثِيَةِ والدُّخانِ والأحْزابِ،
وـ من أوتارِ العُودِ: الذي بعدَ الأولِ، واحِدُها: مَثْنَى،
وـ من الوادِي: مَعَاطِفُهُ،
وـ من الدَّابَّةِ: رُكْبَتَاها ومِرفَقاها.
ولا ثِنَى في الصَّدَقةِ، كإلَى، أي: لا تُؤْخَذُ مَرَّتَيْنِ في عامٍ، أو لا تُؤْخَذُ ناقَتانِ مكانَ واحِدَةٍ، أو لا رُجوعَ فيها، وإذا وَلَدَتْ ناقةٌ مرةً ثانِيَةً،
فهي ثِنْيٌ، ووَلَدُها ذلك: ثِنْيُها.
ومَثْنَى الأَيادِي: إعادةُ المَعْروفِ مَرَّتَيْنِ فأَكْثَرَ، والأنْصِباءُ الفاضِلَةُ من جَزُورِ المَيْسِرِ، كان الرجُلُ الجَوادُ يَشْتَرِيها، ويُطْعِمُها الأَبْرامَ،
والمَثْناةُ: حَبْلٌ من صُوفٍ أَو شَعَرٍ أو غيرِهِ، ويُكْسَرُ،
كالثِّنايةِ والثِّناءِ، بكسرهما، وما اسْتُكْتِبَ من غيرِ كتابِ الله، أَو كِتابٌ فيه أخْبار بني إِسْرائيلَ بعدَ مُوسى، أحَلُّوا فيه وحَرَّموا ما شاؤُوا، أَو هي الغِناءُ، أَو التي تُسَمَّى بالفارِسِيَّةِ دُوبَيْتِي.
والثُّنْيانُ، بالضم: الذي بعدَ السَّيِّدِ،
كالثِّنْيِ، بالكسر وكهُدًى وإلى
ج: ثِنْيَة، ومَنْ لا رَأْيَ له ولا عَقْلَ، والفاسِدُ من الرأْيِ.
وثِنْيٌ من الليل، بالكسر: ساعَةٌ، أَو وَقْتٌ.
والثَّنِيَّةُ: العَقَبَةُ، أَو طَرِيقُها، أَو الجَبَلُ، أَو الطَّريقَةُ فيه أَو إليه، والشُّهَداءُ الذِينَ اسْتَثْناهُمُ الله عن الصَّعْقَةِ، وبمعنى الاستِثْناءِ،
وـ من الأضْراسِ: الأربَعُ التي في مُقَدَّمِ الفَمِ: ثِنْتانِ من فَوْقُ، وثِنْتانِ من أسْفَلَ، والناقةُ الطاعِنَةُ في السادِسَةِ، والبَعيرُ: ثَنِيٌّ، والفَرَسُ الداخِلَةُ في الرَّابِعَةِ، والشَّاةُ في الثَّالِثَةِ، كالبَقَرَةِ، والنَّخْلَةُ المُسْتَثْناةُ من المُساوَمَةِ.
والثُّنْيَا، بالضم، من الجَزُورِ: الرأسُ، والقوائِمُ، وكُلُّ ما اسْتَثْنَيْتَه،
كالثُّنْوَى والثُّنْيَةِ.
والمُثَنَّاةُ: ع. ومُثَنَّى: اسمٌ.
واثَّنَى، كافْتَعَلَ: تَثَنَّى.
وأَثْنَى البعيرُ: صارَ ثَنِيًّا.
والثَّناءُ، بالفتح،
والتَّثْنِيَةُ: وصْفٌ بمَدْحٍ أو ذَمٍّ، أو خاصٌّ بالمَدْحِ، وقد أثْنَى عليه وثَنَّى. وككِتابٍ: الفِناءُ، وعِقالُ البعيرِ، عن ابنِ السَّيِّدِ.

إِرَمُ ذَاتُ العِمَادِ:
وهي إرم عاد، يضاف ولا يضاف، أعني في قوله، عز وجل: أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعادٍ إِرَمَ ذاتِ الْعِمادِ 89: 6- 7. فمن أضاف لم يصرف إرم، لأنه يجعله اسم أمّهم، أو اسم بلدة، ومن لم يضف جعل إرم اسمه ولم يصرفه، لأنه جعل عادا اسم أبيهم. وإرم اسم القبيلة، وجعله بدلا منه.
وقال بعضهم: إرم لا ينصرف للتعريف والتأنيث، لأنه اسم قبيلة، فعلى هذا يكون التقدير: إرم صاحب ذات العماد، لأن ذات العماد مدينة.
وقيل: ذات العماد وصف، كما تقول المدينة ذات الملك. وقيل: إرم مدينة، فعلى هذا يكون التقدير بعاد صاحب إرم. ويقرأ بعاد إرم ذات العماد، الجرّ على الإضافة، فهذا إعرابها. ثم اختلف فيها من جعلها مدينة، فمنهم من قال: هي أرض كانت واندرست، فهي لا تعرف. ومنهم من قال: هي الاسكندرية، وأكثرهم يقولون: هي دمشق، وكذلك قال شبيب بن يزيد بن النعمان بن بشير:
لولا التي علقتني من علائقها، ... لم تمس لي إرم دارا ولا وطنا
قالوا: أراد دمشق، وإياها أراد البحتري بقوله:
إليك رحلنا العيس من أرض بابل، ... نجوز بها سمت الدّبور ونهتدي
فكم جزعت من وهدة بعد وهدة، ... وكم قطعت من فدفد بعد فدفد
طلبنك من أمّ العراق نوازعا ... بنا، وقصور الشام منك بمرصد
إلى إرم ذات العماد، وإنّها ... لموضع قصدي، موجفا، وتعمّدي
وحكى الزمخشري أنّ إرم بلد منه الإسكندرية.
وروى آخرون أنّ إرم ذات العماد التي لم يخلق مثلها في البلاد، باليمن بين حضرموت وصنعاء، من بناء شدّاد بن عاد، ورووا أن شداد بن عاد كان جبّارا، ولما سمع بالجنة وما أعدّ الله فيها لأوليائه من قصور الذهب والفضة والمساكن التي تجري من تحتها الأنهار، والغرف التي من فوقها غرف، قال لكبرائه: إني متخذ في الأرض مدينة على صفة الجنة، فوكل بذلك مائة رجل من وكلائه وقهارمته، تحت يد كل رجل منهم ألف من الأعوان، وأمرهم أن يطلبوا فضاء فلاة من أرض اليمن، ويختاروا أطيبها تربة، ومكنهم من الأموال، ومثّل لهم كيف يعملون، وكتب إلى عمّاله الثلاثة: غانم بن علوان، والضحّاك ابن علوان، والوليد بن الريّان، يأمرهم أن يكتبوا إلى عمّالهم في آفاق بلدانهم أن يجمعوا جميع ما في أرضهم من الذهب، والفضة، والدرّ، والياقوت، والمسك، والعنبر، والزعفران، فيوجهوا به إليه.
ثم وجّه إلى جميع المعادن، فاستخرج ما فيها من الذهب والفضة. ثم وجه عمّاله الثلاثة الى الغواصين إلى البحار، فاستخرجوا الجواهر، فجمعوا منها أمثال الجبال، وحمل جميع ذلك إلى شدّاد.
ثم وجهوا الحفّارين إلى معادن الياقوت، والزبرجد، وسائر الجواهر، فاستخرجوا منها أمرا عظيما. فأمر
بالذهب، فضرب أمثال اللبن. ثم بنى بذلك تلك المدينة، وأمر بالدرّ، والياقوت، والجزع، والزبرجد، والعقيق، ففصّص به حيطانها، وجعل لها غرفا من فوقها غرف، معمّد جميع ذلك بأساطين الزبرجد، والجزع، والياقوت. ثم أجرى تحت المدينة واديا، ساقه إليها من تحت الأرض أربعين فرسخا، كهيئة القناة العظيمة. ثم أمر فأجري من ذلك الوادي سواق في تلك السكك، والشوارع، والأزقّة، تجري بالماء الصافي. وأمر بحافتي ذلك النهر وجميع السواقي، فطليت بالذهب الأحمر، وجعل حصاه أنواع الجواهر: الأحمر، والأصفر، والأخضر، فنصب على حافتي النهر والسواقي أشجارا، من الذهب، مثمرة. وجعل ثمرها من تلك اليواقيت، والجواهر، وجعل طول المدينة اثني عشر فرسخا، وعرضها مثل ذلك. وصيّر صورها عاليا مشرفا، وبنى فيها ثلاثمائة ألف قصر، مفصّصا بواطنها وظواهرها بأصناف الجواهر. ثم بنى لنفسه في وسط المدينة، على شاطئ ذلك النهر، قصرا منيفا عاليا يشرف على تلك القصور كلها. وجعل بابها يشرع إلى الوادي، بمكان رحيب واسع. ونصب عليه مصراعين من ذهب، مفصّصين بأنواع اليواقيت. وأمر باتخاذ بنادق من مسك وزعفران، فألقيت في تلك الشوارع والطرقات. وجعل ارتفاع تلك البيوت، في جميع المدينة، ثلاثمائة ذراع في الهواء. وجعل السور مرتفعا ثلاثمائة ذراع مفصّصا خارجه وداخله بأنواع اليواقيت وظرائف الجواهر. ثم بنى خارج سور المدينة أكما يدور ثلاثمائة ألف منظرة بلبن الذهب والفضة عالية مرتفعة في السماء، محدقة بسور المدينة، لينزلها جنوده، ومكث في بنائها خمسمائة عام. وإن الله تعالى أحب أن يتّخذ الحجّة عليه، وعلى جنوده، بالرسالة والدّعاء إلى التوبة والإنابة، فانتجب لرسالته إليه هودا، عليه السلام، وكان من صميم قومه وأشرافهم. وهو في رواية بعض أهل الأثر هود بن خالد بن الخلود بن العاص بن عمليق بن عاد ابن إرم بن سام بن نوح، عليه السلام. وقال أبو المنذر:
هو هود بن الخلود بن عاد بن إرم بن سام بن نوح، عليه السلام، وقيل غير ذلك ولسنا بصدده. ثم إن هودا، عليه السلام، أتاه فدعاه إلى الله تعالى وأمره بالإيمان، والإقرار بربوبية الله، عز وجل، ووحدانيته، فتمادى في الكفر والطّغيان، وذلك حين تمّ لملكه سبعمائة سنة. فأنذره هود بالعذاب، وحذّره وخوّفه زوال ملكه، فلم يرتدع عما كان عليه، ولم يجب هودا إلى ما دعاه إليه. ووافاه الموكلون ببناء المدينة، وأخبروه بالفراغ منها. فعزم على الخروج إليها في جنوده، فخرج في ثلاثمائة ألف من حرسه وشاكريّته ومواليه، وسار نحوها، وخلّف على ملكه بحضرموت وسائر أرض العرب ابنه مرثد بن شدّاد. وكان مرثد، فيما يقال، مؤمنــا بهود، عليه السلام، فلما قرب شداد من المدينة، وانتهى إلى مرحلة منها، جاءت صيحة من السماء، فمات هو وأصحابه أجمعون، حتى لم يبق منهم مخبر، ومات جميع من كان بالمدينة من الفعلة، والصّناع، والوكلاء، والقهارمة، وبقيت خلاء، لا أنيس بها. وساخت المدينة في الأرض، فلم يدخلها بعد ذلك أحد، إلا رجل واحد في ايام معاوية، يقال له: عبد الله بن قلابة، فإنه ذكر في قصة طويلة تلخيصها: أنّه خرج من صنعاء في بغاء إبل له ضلّت، فأفضى به السّير إلى مدينة صفتها كما ذكرنا، وأخذ منها شيئا من بنادق المسك، والكافور، وشيئا من الياقوت. وقصد إلى معاوية بالشام، وأخبره
بذلك، وأراه الجواهر والبنادق. وكان قد اصفرّ وغيّرته الأزمنة، فأرسل معاوية إلى كعب الأحبار، وسأله عن ذلك، فقال: هذه إرم ذات العماد التي ذكرها الله، عز وجل، في كتابه. بناها شداد ابن عاد، وقيل: شداد بن عمليق بن عويج بن عامر ابن إرم، وقيل في نسبه غير ذلك. ولا سبيل إلى دخولها، ولا يدخلها إلا رجل واحد صفته كذا.
ووصف صفة عبد الله بن قلابة، فقال معاوية: يا عبد الله! أما أنت فقد أحسنت في نصحنا، ولكن ما لا سبيل إليه، لا حيلة فيه. وأمر له بجائزة فانصرف. ويقال: إنهم وقعوا على حفيرة شداد بحضرموت، فإذا بيت في الجبل منقور، مائة ذراع في أربعين ذراعا، وفي صدره سريران عظيمان من ذهب، على أحدهما رجل عظيم الجسم، وعند رأسه لوح فيه مكتوب:
اعتبر يا أيها المغ ... رور بالعمر المديد
أنا شداد بن عاد، ... صاحب الحصن المشيد
وأخو القوّة والبأ ... ساء والملك الحشيد
دان أهل الأرض طرّا ... لي من خوف وعيدي
فأتى هود، وكنّا ... في ضلال، قبل هود
فدعانا، لو أجبنا ... هـ، إلى الأمر الرشيد
فعصيناه ونادى ... ما لكم، هل من محيد؟
فأتتنا صيحة، ته ... وي من الأفق البعيد
قلت: هذه القصّة مما قدمنا البراءة من صحّتها وظننا أنها من أخبار القصّاص المنمّقة وأوضاعها المزوّقة.

ايد

1 آدَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. أَيْدٌ, He, (a man, Az, T, &c.,) or it, (a thing, L,) was, or became, strong: (Az, T, S, M, K, &c.:) and ↓ آيد, inf. n. إِيَادٌ, he became possessed of strength. (AHeyth, T, L.) b2: آدَتٌ ضِيَافَتُهُ (tropical:) His coming as a guest was, or became, frequent. (A.) [See أَيِّدٌ.]2 أيّد, inf. n. تَأْيِيدٌ; (T, S, M, &c.;) and ↓ آيد, (T, S, K,) of the measure فَاعَلَ, (S,) inf. n. مُؤَايَدَةٌ; (K;) or He strengthened: (S, M, L, Msb, K:) he aided, or rendered victorious. (L.) You say, أيّدهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He strengthened him to accomplish the affair. (M, L.) 3 اَاْيَدَ see 2.4 آيَدَ see 1.5 تأيّد He, or it, (a thing, S,) became strengthened. (T, S, K.) آدٌ Strength; syn. صُلْبٌ, (M, L, K,) and قُوَّةٌ [which is one of the significations of صُلْبٌ, and that which is here meant]; as also ↓ أَيْدٌ [which is an inf. n.: see 1]. (S, M, K.) أَيْدٌ: see آدٌ.

أَيِّدٌ Strong: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) an epithet applied [to God, and] to a man. (S.) A poet says, رَمَى فَأَصَابَ الكُلَى وَالذُّرَى إِذَا القَوْسُ وَتَّرَهَا أَيِّدٌ [lit. When a strong one strings the bow, he shoots, and hits the kidneys, and the tops of the humps of the camels]; meaning, when God strings [or stretches] the bow that is in the clouds, He casts fat into the kidneys and humps of the camels, by means of the herbage that is produced by the rain. (S.) b2: إِنَّهُ لَأَيِّدُ الغَدَآءِ وَالعَشَآءِ means (tropical:) Verily he is often present at the morning and evening meals. (A.) إِيَادٌ Anything by which a person or thing is strengthened, (M, L, K,) or guarded, defended, or protected: (T, L:) a thing by which one is protected, or veiled, or concealed: the side; shade, or shadow; or protection: a place of refuge: (M, L, K:) either side of anything, that strengthens it: (Lth, T:) anything that is in the vicinity of a thing: (T:) each wing of an army: (S, M, L, K:) earth that is put round a watering-trough or tank, or round a tent, (S, M, L, K,) to strengthen it, or to keep away from it the rain-water: (S, L:) any fortification: a fortified mountain: (M, L, K:) a mountain that is inaccessible, or difficult of access. (IAar, T.) [In the place of one signification, Golius gives “ cortex; ” having found لحاه in the place of لَجَأ.] b2: An elevated tract, or a heap, of sand. (M, K.) b3: Abundance of camels [because they strengthen their owner]. (K.) b4: The air; syn. هَوَآء. (K.) مُؤْيَدٌ: see مُؤَيَّدٌ: A2: and see what next follows.

مُؤْيِدٌ, of the same measure as مُؤْمِنٌ, A great, mighty, or severe, thing; (S, L, K;) a calamity: (T, S, M, L, K:) or, accord. to As, it is ↓ مُؤْيَدٌ, with fet-h to the ى, and signifies anything rendered strong, or hard, or severe. (L.) [See مَآوِدُ, in art. اود.) مُؤَيَّدٌ and ↓ مُؤْيَدٌ (the latter irreg., by rule being مُؤَايَدٌ, TK,) Strengthened: (S, L, K:) aided; or rendered victorious: (L:) and the former, strong, applied to a building. (M.) مُؤَيِّدٌ Strengthening: (S, L:) aiding; or rendering victorious. (L.) The dim. also has this form. (S.)

او

أَوْ a conjunction, (M, Mughnee, K,) to which the later authors have ascribed meanings amounting to twelve: (Mughnee:) a particle which, when occurring in an enunciative phrase, [generally] denotes doubt, and vagueness of meaning; and when occurring in an imperative or a prohibitive phrase, [generally] denotes the giving of option, or choice, and the allowing a thing, or making it allowable. (S.) b2: First, (Mughnee,) it denotes doubt. (T, S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K.) So in the saying, رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا أَوْ عَمْرًا [I saw Zeyd or 'Amr]. (T, * S, Msb.) And جَآنِى رَجُلٌ أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ [A man or a woman came to me]. (Mbr, T.) And لَبِئْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ [in the Kur xviii. 18 and xxiii. 115, We have remained a day or part of a day]. (Mughnee.) b3: Secondly, (Mughnee,) it denotes vagueness of meaning. (S, Msb, Mughnee, K.) S [it may be used] in the first of the .exs. given above. (Msb.) And so in the saying, وَأَنَّا أَوْ إِيَّاكُمْ لَعَلَى هُدًي أَوْ فِى ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ [and verily we or ye are following a right direction or in manifest error], (S, Mughnee,) in the Kur [xxxiv. 23]; (S;) the ex. being in the former او. (Mughnee.) b4: Thirdly, (Mughnee,) it denotes the giving of option, or choice. (T, S, M, Mughnee, K.) So in the saying, كُلِ السَّمَكَ أَوِ اشْرَبِ اللَّبَنَ [Eat thou the fish, or drink thou the milk]; i. e. do not thou both of these actions; (Mbr, T, S;) but choose which of them thou wilt. (Mbr, T.) And تَزَوَّجْ هِنْدًا أَوْ أُخْتَهَا [Take thou as wife Hind or her sister]. (Mughnee.) And [in like manner] it denotes the making choice. (T.) [So when you say, سَأَتَزَوَّجُ هِنْدًا أَوْ أُخْتَهَا, meaning I will take as wife Hind or her sister; whichever of them I choose.] b5: Fourthly, (Mughnee,) it denotes the allowing a thing, or making it allowable. (T, S, Msb, Mughnee, K.) So in the saying, جَالِسِ حَسَنَ أَوِ ابْنَ سِيرِينَ [Sit thou with El-Hasan or Ibn-Seereen]. (Mbr, T, S.) and قُمْ أَوِ اقْعُدْ [Stand thou or sit]: and the person to whom this is said may do [one or] both of the se actions. (Msb.) [And similar exs. are given in the Mughnee.]) But وَلَا تُطِعْ مِنْهُمْ آثِمًا

أَو كَفُورًا [in the Kur lxxvi. 24, And obey not thou, of them, a sinner or a person very ungrateful to God,] means that thou shalt not obey either of such persons: (Mbr, T, Mughnee:) in which case او is more forcible than وَ; for when you say to a person, لَا تُطِعْ زَيْدًا وَعَمْرًا [Obey not thou Zeyd and 'Amr], he may obey one of them, since the command is that he shall not obey the two. (Zj, T.) b6: Fifthly, (Mughnee,) it denotes unrestricted conjunction. (Mughnee, K.) So in the saying, in the Kur [iv. 46 and v. 9], أَوْ جَآءَ

أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الغَائِطِ [And if any one of you cometh from the privy]; (TA;) [where, however, it may also be rendered or, though] meaning وَجَآءَ; (T, TA;) the و in this explanation being what is termed a denotative of state. (T.) So, too, accord. to Az, in the expression أَوْ يَزِيدُونَ [And they exceeded that number], in the Kur [xxxvii. 147]: but see below. (TA.) And so in the words, أَوْ أَنْ نَفْعَلَ فِى أَمْوَالِنَا مَا نَشَآءُ [and our doing, in respect of our possessions, what we will], in the Kur [xi. 89]. (T, TA.) b7: Sixthly, it denotes transition, (Mughnee,) used in the sense of [the adversative particle] بَلْ, (T, S, M, Mughnee, K,) in a case of amplification of speech; (S;) accord. to Sb, on two conditions; that it shall be preceded by a negation or a prohibition, and that the agent shall be mentioned a second time; as in مَا قَامَ زَيْدٌ أَوْ مَا قَامَ عَمْرٌو [Zeyd did not stand: nay, rather 'Amr did not stand]; and لَا يَقْمٌ زَيدٌ أَوْ لَا يَقُمْ عَمْرُو [Let not Zeyd stand: nay, rather let not 'Amr stand]. (Mughnee.) Accord. to Fr, (Th, M, Mughnee,) it has this meaning in أَوْ يَزِيدُونَ [Nay, rather they exceeded that number], (Th, S, M, Mughnee,) in the Kur [xxxvii. 147, cited above]: (S:) or the meaning is, or they would exceed [that number] in your estimation: or these words with those preceding them in the same verse mean, we sent him to a multitude of whom, if ye saw them, ye would say, They are a hundred thousand, or they exceed [that number]; (M, Mughnee; *) so that it denotes doubt on the part of men, not of God, for He is not subject to doubt: (M:) or we sent him to a hundred thousand in the estimation of men, or they exceeded [that number] in the estimation of men; for God does not doubt: (S:) or او is here used to denote vagueness of meaning: (IB, Mughnee:) or, it is said, to denote that a person might choose between saying, “they are a hundred thousand,“ and saying, “they are more;“ but this may not be when one of the two things is the fact: or, accord. to some of the Koofees, it has the meaning of وَ: and each of these meanings, except the last, has been assigned to او as occurring in the Kur ii. 69 and xvi. 79. (Mughnee.) b8: Seventhly, it denotes division; (Mughnee, K; *) as in the saying, الكَلِمَةُ اسْمٌ أَوْ فِعْلٌ أَوْ حَرْفٌ [The word is a noun or a verb or a particle]: so said Ibn-Málik: or, as he afterwards said, in preference, it denotes separation (التَّفرِيق) divested of the attribute of denoting doubt and vagueness of meaning and the giving of option or choice; adducing as one of his exs. of this meaning the saying, وَقَالُوا كُونُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى [in the Kur ii. 129, And they said, “Be ye Jews” or “Christians”]; because the use of و in division is better; as when you say, الكَلِمَةُ اسْمٌ وَفِعْلٌ وَحَرْفٌ: or it denotes, accord. to some, distinction (التَّفْصِيل); and the meaning of the ex. last cited, say they, is, and the Jews said, “Be ye Jews,” and the Christians said, “Be ye Christians.” (Mughnee.) It is [said to be] used in this last sense (that of التفضيل) in the saying, كُنْتُ آكُلُ اللَّحْمَ أَوِ العَسَلَ [I used to eat flesh-meat or honey]; i. e. I used to eat flesh-meat one time and honey another time: and so in the Kur vii. 3 and x. 13. b9: Eighthly, (Mughnee,) it is used in the sense of the exceptive إِلَّا, (Mughnee, K,) or إِلَّا أَنْ (M;) and in this case the aor. after it is mansoob, because of أَنْ suppressed. (Mughnee, K.) So in the saying, لَأَقْتُلَنَّهُ أَوْ يُسْلِمَ [I will assuredly slay him or he shall become a Muslim; i. e., unless he become a Muslim]. (Mughnee. [And a similar ex. is given in the M.]) So, too, in the saying, وَكُنْتُ إِذَا غَمَزْتُ قَنَاةَ قَوْمٍ

كَسَرْتُ كُعُوبَهَا أَوْ تَسْتَقِيمَا [And I used, when I pinched and pressed the spear of a people, to break its knots, or joints, or its internodal portions, (the shaft being a cane,) or, i. e. unless, it became straight]: (Mughnee, K: *) a prov., of which the author is Ziyád ElAajam; meaning, when a people behaved with hardness to me, I endeavoured to soften them: (TA in art. غمز:) thus related by Sb, the verb ending it being rendered mansoob by او; and thus he heard it from some one or more of the Arabs; but in the original verses, which are but three, it is تَسْتَقِيمُ, with refa. (IB and TA in art. غمز.) [And similar to these above are the sayings,] إنَّهُ لِفُلَانٍ أَوْمَا بِنَجْدٍ قَرظَهُ [Verily it belongs to such a one or there is not, i. e. unless there be not, in Nejd, a قَرَظَة (see art. قرظ)]: and لَآتِيَنَّكَ أَوْ مَا بِنَجْدٍ قَرَظَةٌ [I will assuredly come to thee or there is not, i. e. unless there be not, in Nejd, a قَرَظَة]; meaning I will assuredly come to thee, in truth. (T.) b10: Ninthly, (Mughnee,) it is used in the sense of إِلَى, (Mughnee, K,) or إِلَى أَنْ; (S;) in which case also the aor. after it is mansoob, because of أَنْ suppressed: (Mughnee:) and in the sense of حَتَّى [which is also syn. with إِتَى]. (Fr, T, M, K.) So in the saying, لَأَضْرِبَنَّهُ أَوْ يَتُوبَ [I will assuredly beat him until he repent]. (S. [And similar exs. of او as explained by حَتَّي are given in the T (from Fr) and in the M and in the Mughnee.]) And so in the saying of the poet, لَأَسْتَسْهِلَنَّ الصَّعْبَ أَوْ أُدْرِكَ المُنَى

فَمَا انْقَادَتِ الآمَالُ إِلَّا لِصَابِرِ [I will assuredly deem easy what is difficult until I attain the objects of wish; for hopes become not easy of accomplishment save to one who is patient]. (Mughnee.) b11: Tenthly, some say, (Mughnee,) it denotes nearness [of one event or thing to another]; as in the saying, مَا أَدْرِى

أَسَلَّمَ أَوْ وَدَّعَ [I know not whether he saluted or bade farewell]: (Mughnee, K: [but in the CK this ex. is misplaced:]) this, however, is manifestly wrong; او being here used to denote doubt, and the denoting of nearness being only inferred from the fact of the saluting being confounded in the mind with the bidding farewell, since this is impossible or improbable when the two times are far apart. (Mughnee.) b12: Eleventhly, (Mughnee,) it occurs as a conditional, (T, Mughnee, K,) accord. to Ks alone; (T;) or rather as a conjunctive and conditional; وَإِنْ being meant to be understood in its place; though in truth the verb that precedes it indicates that the conditional particle [إِنْ] is meant to be understood [before that verb], and او retains its proper character, but forms part of that which has a conditional meaning because conjoined with a preceding conditional phrase. (Mughnee.) So in the saying, لَأَضْرِبَنَّهُ عَاشَ أَوْ مَاتَ, (Mughnee, K,) i. e., إِنْ عَاِض بَعْدَ الضَّرْبِ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ [I will assuredly beat him if he live (after the beating) or if he die]: so says Ibn-Esh-Shejeree. (Mughnee.) b13: Twelfthly, accord. to Ibn-Esh-Shejeree, on the authority of some one or more of the Koofees, (Mughnee,) it denotes division into parts, or portions; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 129, before cited,] وَقَالُوا كُونُوا هُودًا أَو نَصَارَى, (Mughnee, K,) i. e. And they said, “Be ye, some of you, Jews, and, some of you, Christians:” (TA:) but [IHsh says,] it appears to me that the meaning here is that of التَّفْصِيل mentioned before. (Mughnee.) b14: [In the K it is said to occur also in the sense of أَنْ: but this is evidently a mistake, app. originating in one of the two principal sources of the K, namely, the M, in which the same is said, but is exemplified by a phrase in which it is explained by إِلَّا أَنْ, the eighth of the meanings of أَوْ mentioned above.] b15: See also أَوٌّ below.

أَوَ in أَوَ لَمْ يَرَوْا &c. is [the conjunction] وَ with the interrogative ا prefixed to it. (Fr, T.) أَوِّ مِنْ كَذَا (T, M) and أَوَّ (M) [Alas, on account of, or for, such a thing!] an expression denoting complaint of distress, or of anxiety, or of grief or sorrow; (T;) or an expression of grief or sorrow; (M;) like ↓ آوِ and ↓ آوٍ and ↓ أَوَتَاه (K and TA in art. اوه,) or ↓ أَوَتَاهُ (CK in that art.,) or ↓ أَوَّتَاه, or ↓ آوَّتَاه, (S in that art., [the ه in one copy of which is marked as quiescent,]) and like آهِ and أَوْهِ &c. (S and Msb and K in art. اوه: see آهِ in that art.) Az says, one says, أَوْهِ عَلَى زَيْدٍ

[meaning Alas, for Zeyd!] with kesr to the ه, and عَلَيْكَ ↓ أَوَّتَا [thus without ه, meaning Alas, for thee!] with ت; an expression of regret for a thing, whether of great or mean account. (T.) أَوٌّ The word ↓ أَوْ when made a noun. (T, K.) So say the grammarians. (T.) You say, هٰذهِ أَوٌّحَسَنَةٌ [This is a good أَوْ]. (T.) And to one who uses the phrase أَفْعَلُ كَذَا أَوْ كَذَا, (T,) you say, دَعِ الأَوَّجَانِبًا [Let thou, or leave thou, the word أَوْ alone]. (T, K.) أَوَّةٌ [A moaning (see its syn. آهَةٌ in art. اوه)] is said by some to be of the measure فَعْلَةٌ, in which the ة is the sign of the fem. gender; for they say, سَمِعْتُ أَوَّتَكَ [I heard thy moaning], making it ت: and so says Lth; أَوَّةٌ is after the manner of فَعْلَةٌ: (T:) you say, أَوَّةً لَكَ [May God cause moaning to thee!], (Lth, T, and S in art. اوه,) and آهَةً لَكَ: [but accord. to J, the former of these is cognate with the latter; for he says that] the former is with the ه suppressed, and with teshdeed to the و. (S in art. اوه, where see آهَةٌ.) b2: أَوَّتَا عَلَيكَ; and أَوَّتَاه, or آوَّتَاه, or أَوَتَاه, or أَوَتَاهُ: see أَوِّ مِنْ كَذَا.

أُوَّةٌ i. q. دَاهِيَةٌ [A calamity, a misfortune, &c.: or, perhaps, very cunning, applied to a man]: pl. أُوَوْ; (AA, T, K, TA; [but in copies of the K, written أُوَوٌ;]) which is one of the strangest of the things transmitted from the Arabs; the regular form being أُوَّى, like قُوَّي, pl. of قُوَةٌ; but the word occurring as above in the saying of the Arabs, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أُوَّةٌ مِنَ الأُوَوْ [It is no other thing than a calamity of the calamities: or, perhaps, he is no other than a very cunning man of the very cunning]. (AA, T, TA.) آوِ and آوٍ: see أَوِّ: and see آهِ in art. اوه.

أَوَوِىٌّ and آوِىٌّ: see آيَةٌ, in art. اى.

آوَّتَاه: see أَوِّ.

الف

1 أَلِفَهُ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِلُفٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and أَلْفٌ (K) and إِلَافٌ and وِلَافٌ, which is anomalous, and أَلَفَانٌ, (M, TA,) He kept, or clave, to it; (A'Obeyd, T, M, Msb, * TA;) namely, a thing, (A'Obeyd, T, M, TA,) or a place; (S, Msb, TA;) as also أَلَفَهُ, aor. ـِ (TA;) and ↓ آلفهُ, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, Msb,) aor. ـْ (S, TA,) inf. n. إِيلَافٌ; (S, Msb, TA;) and ↓ آلفهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. مُؤَالَفَةٌ and إِلَافٌ: (S, Msb, TA:) [he frequented it, or resorted to it habitually; namely, a place:] he became familiar with it; or accustomed, or habituated, to it; namely, a thing: (Az, T:) he became familiar, sociable, companionable, friendly, or amicable, with him: (Az, T, Msb:) he loved, or affected, him; liked, approved, or took pleasure in, him. (Msb.) You say, أَلِفَتِ الطَّيْرُ الحَرَمَ [The birds kept to the sacred territory], and البُيُوتَ [the houses]: and الظِّبَآءُ الرَّمْلِ ↓ آلَفَتِ The gazelles kept to the sands. (T.) b2: There are three manners of reading the passage in the Kur [evi. 1 and 2], CCC قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَآءِ وَ الصَّيْفِ ↓ لِإِيلَافِ; the second and third being لِإِلَافِ and لِإِلْفِ; the first and second of which have been adopted; (Aboo-Is-hák, T, TA;) and the third also; this being the reading of the Prophet [himself]: (TA:) [accord. to all these readings, the passage may be rendered, For the keeping of Kureysh, for their keeping to the journey of the winter and of the summer, or spring; the chapter going on to say, for this reason "let them worship the Lord of this House," &c. : or] the second and third readings are from أَلِفَ, aor. ـْ [and accord. to these readings, the passage may be rendered as above;] but accord. to the first reading, the meaning is, for the preparing and fitting out [&c.; i. e., preparing and fitting out men and beasts in the journey of the winter &c.]: so says IAmb; and Fr explains in the same manner the third reading: but IAar says that, accord. to this reading, the meaning is, the protecting [&c.]: he says that the persons who protected were four brothers, Háshim and 'Abd-Shems and El-Muttalib and Nowfal, the sons of 'Abd-Menáf: these gave protection to Kureysh in their procuring of corn: (T:) Háshim obtained a grant of security from the king of the Greeks, and Nowfal from Kisrà, and 'Abd-Shems from the Nejáshee, and ElMuttalib from the kings of Himyer; and the merchants of Kureysh used to go to and from the great towns of these kings with the grants of security of these brothers, and none opposed them: Háshim used to give protection (يُؤْلِفُ [in the copies of the K يُؤَلِّفُ]) [to those journeying] to Syria, and 'Abd-Shems to Abyssinia, and ElMuttalib to El-Yemen, and Nowfal to Persia: (T, K: *) or ↓ إِيلَاف in the Kur signifies a covenant, or an obligation; and what resembles permission, (إِجَازَة, as in some copies of the K and in the TA,) or protection, (إِجَارَة, as in the CK,) with an obligation involving responsibility for safety; first obtained by Háshim, from the kings of Syria; (K, * TA;) and the explanation is, that Kureysh were dwelling in the sacred territory, (K,) having neither seed-produce nor udders [to yield them milk], (TA,) secure in the procuring of their provisions from other parts, and in their changes of place, in winter and summer, or spring; the people around them having their property seized; whereas, when any cause of mischief occurred to them, they said, "We are people of the sacred territory," and then no one opposed them: (K:) so in the O: (TA:) or the ل is to denote wonder; and the meaning is, wonder ye at the ايلاف of Kureysh [&c.]: (K:) some say that the meaning is connected with what follows; i. e., let them worship the Lord of this House for the ايلاف [&c., agreeably with the first explanation which we have given]: others, that it is connected with what precedes; as J says; (TA;) the meaning being, I have destroyed the masters of the elephant to make Kureysh remain at Mekkeh, and for their uniting the journey of the winter and of the summer, or spring; that when they finished one, they should commence the other; (T, S;) and this is like the saying, ضَرَبْتُهُ لِكَذَا ضَرَبْتُهُ لِكَذَا لِكَذَا, with suppression of the [conjunctive] و: (S:) but Ibn-'Arafeh disapproves of this, for two reasons: first, because the phrase "In the name of God" &c. occurs between the two chapters: [Bd, however, mentions that in Ubeí's copy, the two compose one chapter:] secondly, because ايلاف signifies the covenants, or obligations, which they obtained when they went forth on mercantile expeditions, and whereby they became secure. (TA.) ↓ إِلَافٌ [in like manner] signifies A writing of security, written by the king for people, that they may be secure in his territory: and is used by Musáwir Ibn-Hind in the sense of اِيتِلَافٌ [as is also إِلْفٌ,] when he says, in satirizing Benoo-Asad, زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّ إِخْوَتَكُمْ قُرَيْشٌ لَهُمْ إِلْفٌ وَ لَيْسَ لَكُمْ إِلَافُ meaning Ye asserted [that your brothers are Kureysh; i. e.,] that ye are like Kureysh: but how should ye be like them? for they have [an alliance whereby they are protected in] the trade of El-Yemen and Syria; and ye have not that [alliance]. (Ham p. 636.) [Hence,] إِلَافُ اللّٰهِ [a phrase used in the manner of an oath,] accord. to some, signifies The safeguard, or protection, of God: or, accord. to others, an honourable station from God. (TA.) A2: أَلَفَهُ, aor. ـِ He gave him a thousand; (S, K) of articles of property, and of camels. (TA.) 2 الّف بَيْنَهُمْ, inf. n. تَأْلِيفٌ, (T, Msb, K,) He united them, or brought them together, (T, Msb, TA,) after separation; (T, TA;) and made them to love one another; (Msb;) he caused union, or companionship, (أُلْفَة,) to take place between them. (K.) And أَلَّفْتُ بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ, inf. n. as above, [I united, or put together, the two things.] (S.) and ألّف الشَّىْءَ He united, or connected, (T,) or gathered or collected or brought together, (M,) the several parts of the thing. (T, M.) b2: Hence, تَأْلِيفُ الكُتُبِ [The composition of books]. (T, TA.) b3: تَأْلِيفٌ is The putting many things into such a state that one name becomes applicable to them, whether there be to some of the parts a relation to others by precedence and sequence, or not: so that it is a more general term than تَرْتِيبٌ: (KT:) or the collecting together, or putting together, suitable things; from الالفة [i. e. الأُلْفَةُ]; and is a more particular term than تَرْكِيبٌ, which is the putting together things, whether suitable or not, or placed in order or not. (Kull p. 118.) A2: أَلَّفُوا إِلَى كَذَا: see 5.

A3: ألّف أَلِفًا He wrote an alif; (K;) like as one says جَيَّمَ جِيمًا. (TA.) A4: See also 4, in three places.3 آلفهُ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: آلف, (M, TA,) inf. n. مُؤَالَفَةٌ, (TA,) [app., He made a covenant with another to be protected during a journey for the purpose of trade, or traffic: (see 1:) and hence,] he (a man) traded, or trafficked. (M, TA.) A3: شَاَرَةٌ مُؤَالَفَةً He made a condition with him for a thousand: (IAar, M:) like as one says, شَارَطْتُهُ مُمَا آةً, meaning, for a hundred. (IAar, M, K, in art. مأى.) 4 آلفهُ, inf. n. إِيلَافٌ: see 1, in three places.

A2: آلفهُ الشَّىْءَ, (T, M,) or المَوْضِعَ, (S,) or مَكَانَ كَذَا, (K,) inf. n. as above, (T,) He made him to keep, or cleave, to the thing, or to the place, or to such a place. (T, S, * M, K. *) b2: آلَفْتُ الشَّىْءَ I joined, conjoined or united, the thing. (T.) A3: آلَفْتُ القَوْمَ, (T, * S, K, *) inf. n. as above, (S,) I made the people, or company of men, to be a thousand complete [by adding to them myself]; (T, S, K, TA;) they being before nine hundred and ninety-nine. (T, TA.) And آلف العَدَدَ He made the number to be a thousand; as also ↓ أَلَّفَهُ: (M:) or الأَلْفَ ↓ ألّف he completed the thousand. (K.) And in like manner, (S,) آلَفْتُ الدَّرَاهِمَ I made the dirhems to be a thousand (S, K) complete. (S.) And لَهُمُ الأَعْمَارَ ↓ أَلَّفُو They said to them, May you live a thousand years. (A in art. عمر.) A4: آلَفُوا They became a thousand (T, S, M) complete. (S.) And آلَفَتِ الدَّارَهِمُ The dirhems became a thousand (S K) complete. (S.) 5 تألّف القَوْمُ, (Msb, K,) and ↓ ائْتَلَفُوا [written with the disjunctive alif اِيْتَلَفُوا], (T, K,) The people, or party, became united, or came together, (Msb, K,) [after separation, (see 2, of which each is said in the TA to be quasi-pass.,)] and loved one another: (Msb:) or the meaning of ↓ ائْتِلَافٌ [and تَأَلُّفٌ also] is the being in a state of union, alliance, agreement, congruity, or congregation: (Msb:) and the being familiar, sociable, companionable, friendly, or amicable, one with another. (TA.) And تَأَلَّفَا is said of two things; [meaning They became united, or put together; (see 2;)] as also ↓ ائتلفا. (S.) And الشَّىْءُ ↓ ائتلف signifies The several parts of the thing kept, or clave, together. (M.) And تألّف It became put together in order. (M.) b2: تألّفوا They sought, desired, or asked, [a covenant to ensure them] protection, (IAar, T, M,) إِلَى كَذَا [meaning in a journey for the purpose of trade, or traffic, to such a place, as is shown in the T by an explanation of the words of IAar, كَانَ هَاشِمٌ يُؤْلِفُ إِلَى الشَّامِ, in a passage in which the foregoing signification is assigned to تألّفوا]; (M;) as also الى كذا ↓ أَلَّفُوا. (M.) A2: تألّفهُ He treated him with gentleness or blandishment, coaxed him, or wheedled him; (K;) behaved in a sociable, friendly, or familiar, manner with him; (TA;) attracted him, or allured him; and gave him a gift, or gifts; (T, K; *) in order to incline him to him: (K:) or he affected sociableness, friendliness, or familiarity, with him. (Mgh.) You say, تَأَلَّفْتُهُ عَلَى الإِسْلَامِ [I attracted him, or allured him; and gave him a gift, or gifts, in order to incline him; to embrace ElIslám]. (S.) 8 إِاْتَلَفَ see 5, in four places.

أَلْفٌ, meaning A certain number, (S, M, K,) well known, (M,) i. e. a certain round number, (Msb,) [namely a thousand,] is of the masc. gender: (T, S, Msb, K:) you say ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافٍ

[Three thousand], not ثَلَاثَ آلَافٍ; (TA;) and هٰذَا أَلْفٌ وَاحِدٌ [This is one thousand], not وَاحِدَةٌ; (S;) and أَلْفٌ أَقْرَعُ, [A complete thousand], (T, S,) not قَرْعَآءُ: (S:) it is not allowable to make it fem.: so say IAmb and others: (Msb:) or it is allowable to make it fem. as being a pl.: (T:) or, accord. to ISK, it is allowable to say, هٰذِهِ أَلْفٌ as meaning هٰذِهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ أَلْفٌ [These dirhems are a thousand]; (S, K; *) and Fr and Zj say the like: (Msb:) the pl. is آلُفٌ, applied to three, (M,) and آلَافٌ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) applied to a number from three to ten, inclusively, (TA,) and أُلُوفٌ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) used to denote more than ten; (T;) and الأَافُ [in the TA الأَلَفُ] is used by poetic licence for الآلَافُ, by suppression of the [radical] ل (M.) إِلْفٌ [originally an inf. n. of أَلِفَهُ, q. v.,] He with whom one is familiar, sociable, companionable, friendly, or amicable; he to whom one keeps or cleaves; [a constant companion or associate; a mate; a fellow; a yoke-fellow; one who is familiar, &c., with another or others; (see مُؤَلَّفٌ;)] (M;) i. q. ↓ أَلِيفٌ; (T, S, M, K;) which is an act. part. n. of أَلِفَهُ; (Msb;) as is also ↓ آلِفٌ; (Msb, K;) and ↓ أَلِفٌ also is syn. with أَلِيفٌ: (K:) the female is termed إِلْفَةٌ and إِلْفٌ; (M;) both of these signifying a woman with whom thou art familiar, &c., and who is familiar, &c., with thee: (K:) and the fem. of ↓ آلِفٌ is آلِفَةٌ: (K:) the pl. of إِلْفٌ is آلَافٌ; (T, M;) which is also pl. of ↓ أَلِفٌ: (TA:) and that of ↓ أَلِيفٌ is أَلَائِفُ (S, K, TA) and أُلَفَآءُ: (M, TA:) and that of ↓ آلِفٌ is أُلَّافٌ (T, S, Msb, K) and آلَافٌ, like as أَنْصَارٌ is pl. of نَاصِرٌ, (TA,) and so, (M, TA,) in my opinion, [says ISd,] (M,) is أُلُوفٌ, like as شُهُودٌ is pl. of شَاهِدٌ, (M, TA,) though some say that it is pl. of إِلْفٌ: (M:) and the pl. of ↓ آلِفَةٌ is أَوَالِفُ and آلِفَاتٌ. (K.) You say, فثلَانٌ إِلْفِى and ↓ أَلِيفِى

[Such a one is my constant companion or associate, &c.] (T.) And حَنَّتِ الإِلْفُ إِلَى إِلْفِ [The female mate yearned towards the mate]. (S.) And نَزَعَ البَعِيرُ إِلَى آلَافِهِ [The camel yearned towards his mates]. (T.) أُلَّافٌ, (T,) or آلَافٌ (TA,) is said by IAar to mean Persons who keep to the large towns, or cities. (T, TA.) أُلُوفٌ in the Kur ii. 244 is said by some to be pl. of إِلْفٌ or of ↓ آلِفٌ: but by others, to signify "thousands." (Bd, L, TA.) الطَّيْرِ ↓ أَوَالِفُ signifies The birds that keep to Mekkeh and the sacred territory: and الحَمَامِ ↓ أَوَالِفُ Domestic pigeons. (T.) أَلِفٌ: see إِلْفٌ, in two places. b2: As some say, (O,) it also signifies A man having no wife. (O, K.) A2: One of the letters of the alphabet; (M;) the first thereof; (K;) as also ↓ أَلِيفٌ: (M:) Ks says that, accord. to the usage of the Arabs, it is fem., and so are all the other letters of the alphabet; [and hence its pl. is أَلِفَاتٌ;] but it is allowable to make it masc.: Sb says that every one of them is masc. and fem., like as is لِسَانٌ. (M.) See art. ا. b2: (tropical:) A certain vein lying in the interior of the upper arm, [extending] to the fore arm: (K, TA:) so called as being likened to an ا: (TA:) the two are called الأَلِفَانِ. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) One of any kind of things: (K, TA:) as being likened to the ا; for it denotes the number one. (TA.) أُلْفَةٌ A state of keeping or cleaving [to a person or thing]: (M:) a state of union, alliance, agreement, congruity, or congregation; (Msb;) a subst. from الاِئْتِلَافُ: (Msb, K, TA:) and, as such, (TA,) signifying also familiarity, sociableness, socialness, companionableness, friendliness, fellowship, companionship, friendship, and amity. (Msb, TA. *) أَلْفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, or belonging to, the number termed أَلْفٌ [a thousand]. (TA.) قَامَةٌ أَلِفِيَّةٌ A stature resembling the letter alif. Often occurring in late works.]

إِلَافٌ an inf. n. of أَلِفَهُ: and used as a subst.: see 1. b2: بَرْقٌ إِلَافٌ Lightning of which the flashes are consecutive or continuous. (TA.) أَلُوفٌ Having much أُلْفَةٌ [meaning familiarity, sociableness, &c.]: pl. أُلُفٌ. (K.) أَلِيفٌ: see إِلْفٌ, in three places: A2: and see أَلِفٌ.

آلِفٌ and آلِفَةٌ; and أَوَالِفُ, the pl. of the latter: see إِلْفٌ, in seven places.

إِيْلَافٌ an inf. n.: and used as a subst.: see 1.

مَأْلَفٌ [An accustomed place;] a place to which a man keeps or cleaves; [which he frequents, or to which he habitually resorts;] with which he is familiar, or to which he is accustomed; (Msb;) a place with which men or camels [or birds and the like] are familiar, &c. (K, * TA.) b2: and hence, Leafy trees to which animals of the chase draw near. (Az, K.) مؤلفون, with fet-h, [i. e. مُؤْلَفُونَ or ↓ مُؤَلَّفُونَ,] Possessors of thousands; or men whose camels have become, to each, a thousand. (TA.) مُؤَلَّفٌ and ↓ مَأْلُوفٌ Kept to, or clove to; applied to a thing [and to a person; and meaning when applied to the latter, with whom one is familiar, sociable, &c.]. (T.) It is said in a trad., الــمُؤْمِنُ

↓ إِلْفٌ مَأْلُوفٌ [The believer is one who is familiar, or sociable, &c., with others, and with whom others are familiar, &c.]. (TA.) b2: المُؤَلَّفَةُ قُلُوبُهُمْ Those whose hearts are made to incline, or are conciliated, by beneficence and love or affection: (S, * Msb:) as used in the Kur [ix. 60], it is applied to certain chief persons of the Arabs, whom the Prophet was commanded to attract, or allure, and to present with gifts, (T, K,) from the poor-rates, (TA,) in order that they might make those after them desirous of becoming Muslims, (T, K,) and lest care for things which they deemed sacred, or inviolable, together with the weakness of their intentions, should induce them to combine in hostility with the unbelievers against the Muslims; for which purpose, he gave them, on the day of Honeyn, eighty [in the TA two hundred] camels: (T:) they were certain men of eminence, of the Arabs, to whom the Prophet used to give gifts from the poor-rates; to some of them, to prevent their acting injuriously; and to some, from a desire of their becoming Muslims, (Mgh, Msb,) and their followers also; (Msb;) and to some, in order that they might remain stedfast as Muslims, because of their having recently become such; but when Aboo-Bekr became appointed to the government, he forbade this practice. (Mgh, Msb.) A2: أَلْفٌ مُؤَلَّفَةٌ [These are a thousand] made complete. (S.) b2: See also مؤلفون.

مُؤَلِّفٌ A composer of a book or books; an author.]

مَأْلُوفٌ: see مُؤَلَّفٌ, in two places.

اكف

2 اكّف الإِكَافَ, inf. n. تَأْكِيفٌ, He made the اكاف; (K;) as also وكّفهُ, inf. n. تَوْكِيفٌ; which latter, accord. to IF, is the original form. (TA.) b2: See also 4.4 آكف الحِمَارَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِيكَافٌ, (K,) He bound, (S, K, TA,) or put, (Msb, TA,) the إِكَاف upon the ass; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أكّفهُ; (Sgh, K;) and اوكفهُ; (S, Mgh, K;) which is of the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz; the first being of the dial. of Benoo-Temeem: and in like manner, البَغْلَ the mule. (Lh.) إِكَافٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and أُكَافٌ, (K,) as also وِكَافٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and وُكَافٌ, (K in art. وكف,) The بَرْذَعَة, [i. e. pad, or stuffed saddle, generally stuffed with straw,] (K,) of the ass, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and also used for the mule, and for the camel; (TA in art. وكف;) a saddle like the رَحْل and قَتَب: (TA:) and a saddle of a horse made in the form of the ass's اكاف, having at its fore part [or pommel] a thing resembling a pomegranate: (Mgh:) [see also قَتَبٌ:] pl. [of pauc.] آكِفَةٌ (TA) and [of mult.]

أُكُفٌ. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA.) Yaakoob asserts that the ا in إِكَافٌ is a substitute for the و in وِكَافٌ. (TA.) A rájiz says, إِنَّ لَنَا أَحْمِرَةً عِجَافَا
يَأْكُلْنَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ إِكَافَا meaning [Verily we have some lean asses] which eat every night the price of an اكاف. (TA.) أَكَّافٌ The maker of the kind of saddle called إِكَاف. (K.)

ارز

أَرْزٌ and ↓ أُرْزٌ The pine-tree; syn. شَجَرُ الصَّنَوْبَرِ: (K:) or this is called ↓ أَرْرَةٌ, and أَرْزٌ is the pl.: (A 'Obeyd, S:) [or rather أَرْزٌ is a coll. gen. n., and أَرْزَةٌ is the n. un.:] or the male of that kind of tree; (AHn, K;) as also ↓ أَرْزَةٌ; (K;) and the author of the Minháj adds, it is that which does not produce fruit; but pitch (زِفْت) is extracted from its trunks and roots, and its wood is employed as a means of light, like as candles are employed; and it grows not in the land of the Arabs: A 'Obeyd says, ↓ أَرْزَةٌ is the name of a tree well known in Syria, called with us صَنَوْبَرٌ, because of its fruit: he says also, I have seen this kind of tree, called أَرْزَةٌ, and it is called in El-'Irák صَنَوْبَرٌ, but this last is the name of the fruit of the أَرْز: (TA:) or i. q. عَرْعَرٌ [a name given to the cypress and to the juniper-tree]. (K.) It is said in a trad., المُجْذِيَةِ ↓ مَثَلُ الكَافِرِ مَثَلُ الأَرْزَةِ عَلَى الأَرْضِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ آنْجِعَافُهَا بِمَرَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ [The similitude of the unbeliever is the similitude of the pine-tree standing firmly upon the ground until it is pulled up at once]: respecting which AA and AO say that it is ↓ الأَرَزَة, with fet-h to the ر; meaning the tree called الأَرْزَن: but A 'Obeyd thinks this to be a mistake, and that it is ↓ الأَرْزَة, with the ر quiescent. (L.) أُرْزٌ: see أَرْزٌ: A2: and see also أَرُزٌّ.

أَرُزٌ: see أَرُزٌّ.

أُرُزٌ: see أَرُزٌّ.

أَرْزَةٌ: see أَرْزٌ, in five places.

أَرَزَةٌ The tree called أَرْزَنٌ [which is a hard kind, from which staves are made]: (AA, S, K:) some say that it is ↓ آرِزَةٌ, of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ; but A 'Obeyd disapproves of this. (TA.) See also أرْزٌ.

أَرُزٌّ and ↓ أُرُزٌّ and ↓ أُرْزٌ and ↓ أُرُزٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ أَرُزٌ and ↓ آرُزٌ (Kr, K) and رُزٌ (S, Msb, K) and رُنْزٌ, (S, K,) the first of which is the form commonly obtaining among persons of distinction; the last but one, that commonly obtaining among the vulgar; (TA;) and the last, of the dial. of 'AbdEl-Keys; (S, TA;) [Rice;] a certain grain, (S, K,) well known: (K:) [said in the TA to be a species of بُرّ; but this is an improper explanation:] there are several kinds; Egyptian and Persian and Indian; and the best kind is the جوهرى [perhaps a mistake for مِصْرىّ, or Egyptian]: it is cold and dry in the second degree; or, as some say, moderate; or, as some say, hot in the first degree; and its husk is poisonous. (El-Minháj, TA.) أُرُزٌّ: see أَرُزٌّ.

آرُزٌّ: see أَرُزٌّ.

آرِزَةٌ: see أَرَزَةٌ.