فعل
1 فَعَلَهُ, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K, *)
aor. ـَ (
S,
O,
K,)
inf. n. فَعْلٌ (
S,
O,
Msb,
K) and فَعَالٌ, (
S,
O,
Msb,) and ↓ فِعْلٌ is the
subst. therefrom, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K, *) but,
accord. to Ibn-Kemál, it has become commonly used as the
inf. n.;
MF, however, says that its being thus used requires consideration; and it is said that there is no instance like فَعَلَهُ,
aor. ـْ
inf. n. فِعْلٌ, except سَحَرَهُ,
aor. ـْ
inf. n. سِحْرٌ; or, to these may be added as sometimes occurring, خَدَعَ,
aor. ـْ
inf. n. خَدْعٌ and خِدْعٌ, and صَرَعَ,
aor. ـْ
inf. n. صَرْعٌ and صِرْعٌ; (
TA;) [He did it]; namely, a thing (
S, O. [For further explanation see فِعْلٌ below.]) [In the
Kur. xxi. 73,] some read وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ [And we suggested to them the doing of good works]; (
Lth,
S, O;) others reading ↓ فِعْلَ الخيرات. (
Lth, O.)
b2: And one says also فَعَلَ بِهِ [He did to him something]. (
TA.) [فَعَلَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ is a form of imprecation, meaning May God do to him what He will do; i. e. may God punish him: see an
ex. voce أَظْلَمُ.
b3: And فَعَلَ بِالمَرْأَةِ often occurs in trads. &c. as meaning He compressed the woman.]
2 تَفْعِيلٌ [
inf. n. of فعّل] is used by
IJ as metonymically signifying The scanning of a verse; because the names of the measures of its feet, all of them, have the letters ف and ع and ل for constituents, as when you say فَعُولُنْ and مَفَاعِيلنْ and
فَاعِلَــاتُنْ and
فَاعِلُــنْ &c. (
TA.) 3
فَاْعَلَ [
فَاعَلَــا,
inf. n. فِعَالٌ, if used,
app. signifies They two did a thing together.] See فِعَالٌ below.
7 انفعل quasi-
pass. of 1: you say, فَعَلْتُهُ فَانْفَعَلَ [I did it, and it was done]; (
S,
Msb;) like your saying كَسَرْتُهُ فَانْكَسَرَ. (
S.) [الاِنْفِعَالُ signifies The suffering, or receiving, the effect of an act, whether the effect is intended by the
فَاعِلٌ">agent or not: or,
accord. to some, particularly when the effect is not intended: for it is implied in a passage in the
TA, that it is held by some to be used particularly in cases in which the effects are such as the blushing in consequence of confusion, or shame, affecting one from the seeing a person, and the emotion, or excitement, ensuing from the hearing of singing, and the agitation of the passionate lover at his seeing the object of his love : as a term of logic, it is one of the ten predicaments, i. e. passion, or suffering.] It is said that to every فِعْل there is an اِنْفِعَال, except to the act of creation, which proceeds from God; for this is the bringing into existence from a state of nonexistence, not from matter [already existing to receive the effect of the act]. (
TA.) 8 افتعل عَلَيْهِ كَذِبًا (
Mgh, *
O,
Msb, *
K) and زُورًا (O) He forged against him a lie. (
Mgh, *
O,
Msb, *
K.)
b2: Hence the phrase الخُطُوطُ تُفْتَعَلُ i. e. [Handwritings] are forged, or falsified. (
Mgh.)
b3: And [hence] it used to be said, أَعْذَبُ الأَغَانِى مَا افْتُعِلَ i. e. [The sweetest of songs is] such as has been composed with originality, not in imitation of any model: and أَظْرَفُ الشِّعْرِ مَاافْتُعِلَ [The most eloquent of poetry is such as has been so composed]. (
TA.) فَعْلٌ an
inf. n. of 1. (
S,
O,
Msb,
K.)
A2: and The vulva of the she-camel, and of any female. (
K.) فِعْلٌ: see 1, in two places: [as a
subst. from فَعَلَهُ] it signifies [A deed, or an action: or] a motion (حَرَكَةٌ) of a human being: (
K:) or, as
Sgh says, the origination of anything, whether it be what is termed عَمَلٌ [which means work or labour or service as well as a deed or an action] or other than it; so that it is more general in application than عَمَِلٌ: (
TA:) or it is a metonymical term for any عَمَل [meaning deed or action] that is transitive (
M,
K,
TA) or intransitive (
M,
TA:) or a mode that is accidental to the producer of an effect upon another [person or thing] by reason of the producing of the effect at the first; as the mode that ensues to the cutter by reason of his being cutting: or, as
Er-Rághib says, the production of an effect considered with reference to an
فَاعِلٌ">agent thereof; and it is common to that which is by his, or its, origination or otherwise, and to that which is with knowledge or otherwise, and to that which is by intention or otherwise, and to what proceeds from the human being or the animal [of any kind] or the inanimate thing; and عَمَلٌ and صُنْعٌ are more particular in application: El-
Harállee says that the فِعْل is what has become apparent in consequence of a motive of the efficient, whether from knowledge or otherwise, by reason of premeditation [for لِتَدَيُّن (an obvious mistranscription in my original) I read لِتَدَبُّرٍ] or otherwise: and El-Juweynee says that it is what is within the limits of a small space of time, without repetition, or reiteration, whereas the عَمَل is what has been repeated, or reiterated, and whereof the time has been long; but this is repugned by the
trad. [in which occurs the saying], مَا فَعَلَ النُِّغَيْر [
expl. in art. نغر]; (
TA:) the
pl. is فِعَالٌ (
S,
O,
Msb,
K) and أَفْعَالٌ [a
pl. of pauc.], (
O,
TA,) [and أَفَاعِيلُ is
app. a
pl. pl., i. e.
pl. of أَفْعَالٌ, like أقَاوِيلُ
pl. of أَقْوَالٌ which is
pl. of قَوْلٌ, and many other instances]: you say, إِنَّ الرِّشَا تَفْتَلُ الأَفَاعِيلَ وَتُنْسِى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ [Verily bribes do great deeds, and cause the receivers to forget the principles of Ibráheem and Ismá'eel, who are esteemed models of true religion]. (
TA. [This saying is written in my original without any vowel-signs, perhaps because well known: and it is there added that الافاعيل may be
pl. of افعول (which has been altered by the copyist and is probably a mistranscription for أَفْعُولَةٌ) or of افعال; with other remarks equally doubtful and unimportant.]) [Hence, بِالفِعْلِ meaning Actually; as opposed to بِالقُوَّةِ i. e. potentially, or virtually.]
b2: As used by the grammarians, it means [A verb; i. e.] what denotes a meaning in itself together with any one of the three times [past and present and future: but it should be observed that it includes the مَصْدَر, or infinitive noun; and also that there is what is termed فِعْلٌ ناقِصٌ an incomplete, i. e. non-attributive, verb (as كَانَ coordinate to صَارَ, &c.); as well as what is termed فِعْلٌ تَامٌّ a complete, i. e. attributive, verb]. (
TA.) فَعْلَةٌ A single فِعْل [i. e. deed or action], (
Msb,
TA,) with fet-h. (
Msb.) Thus in the saying in the
Kur [xxvi. 18], وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ ااَّتِى فَعَلْتَ [
lit. And thou hast done thy one deed that thou hast done]; as though the speaker said, فَتَلْتَ النَّفْسَ قَتْللَتَكَ: in which Esh-Shaabee read ↓ فِعْلَتَكَ [thy kind of deed], with kesr, as meaning فَتَلْتَ القِتْلَةَ الَّتِى قَدْ عَرَفْتَهَا: so says
Zj; but he adds that the former reading is better. (
TA.) And [hence also] one says, كَانَتْ مِنْهُ فَعْلَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ or قَبِيحَةٌ [A good single deed proceeded from him or a bad one]. (
S,
O,
TA.) فِعْلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
فَعِلَةٌ A custom, manner, habit, or wont. (
K.) فِعْلِىٌّ Of, or relating to, a verb.]
فِعْلِيَّةٌ The quality of a verb.]
فَعَالٌ, like نَزَالِ, has sometimes occurred as meaning اِفْعَلْ [Do thou]. (
O,
K. *) فَعَالٌ, (
O,
K,)
accord. to
Lth, (
O,) is a name for A good doing, such as liberality, or bounty, (
O,) and generosity, (
O,
K, [the only meaning assigned to it in the
S,]) and the like of these: (
O:) or, (
O,
K,)
accord. to
IAar, (
O,) the doing of a single person, peculiarly, [as distinguished from فِعَالٌ,
q. v.,] (
O,) relating to good and to evil; (
O,
K;) one says, فُلَانٌ كَرِيمُ الفَعَالِ [Such a one is generous in respect of doing or doings], and فُلَانٌ لَئِيمُ الفَعَالِ [Such a one is mean in respect of doing or doings]; (O: [and the like is said in the
T and in the
Msb;]) and
Az says that this is the correct explanation: not that of
Lth; and
Mbr [likewise] says, it is used in commendation and in discommendation: (
O:) and it is used only of a single
فَاعِلٌ">agent. (
O,
K.)
b2: It is also an
inf. n. (
S,
O,
Msb. [See 1, first sentence.]) فِعَالٌ, as distinguished from فَعَالٌ, signifies A doing that is between two [agents]; (
IAar,
O,
K,
TA;) and therefore it is an
inf. n. of ↓
فَاعَلَ [a verb of which I have not found any
ex.]. (
TA.)
b2: It is also a
pl. of فِعْلٌ. (
S,
O,
Msb,
K.
A2: Also The handle, (
K,) or piece of wood that is inserted into the hole, (
IAar,
IB,
O,) of the axe, or adz, or hoe: (
IAar,
IB,
O,
K:)
pl. فُعُلٌ. (
K.) فُعَالَةُ (with damm,
O,
TA, [in the
CK, erroneously, فَعالَةُ,]) A metonymical appellation substituted for خُزَاعَةُ, (
O,
K,
TA,) the well-known tribe [thus named]. (
TA.) فَعَّالٌ [Wont to do]. (
Kur xi. 109 and lxxxv.
16. [Thus in the phrase فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ Wont to do what He willeth: relating to God.])
فَاعِلٌ [
فَاعِلٍ" class="" >act. part. n. of 1, Doing: and, used as a
subst., a doer: and hence] a carpenter is thus called;
accord. to
IAar: but it is now peculiarly applied to such as works with clay, [and builds, and plasters,] and digs foundations: (
TA:) and [the
pl.] فَعَلَةٌ, (
Mgh,
K,
TA,) as an
epithet in which the quality of a
subst. predominates, is applied to workers in clay and digging and the like; (
K,
TA;) or such as work with their hands in clay or building or digging; like عَمَلَةٌ [
pl. of عَامِلٌ]. (
Mgh.)
b2: وَكُنَّا
فَاعِلِــينَ, in the
Kur [xxi. 79], means And we were able to do what we willed. (
O,
TA.) And وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِلزَّكٰوةِ
فَاعِلُــونَ, in the same [xxiii. 4], means And who give the ذكوة [or poor-rate]: (
Zj,
O,
TA:) or, as some say, who do that which is good, or righteous. (
O,
TA.) مُفْتَعَلٌ A writing forged, or falsified. (
Mgh.)
b2: And Poetry composed with originality, not in imitation of any model. (
TA.)
b3: جَآءَ بِالْمُفْتَعَلِ, meaning It produced a grievous, or distressing, effect, (
K,
TA,) is a phrase mentioned by
IAar, as used by Ed-Dubeyree when asked respecting a wound that he had received and that rendered him sleepless, and as used by him in respect of anything [unprecedented]: thus one says, عَذَّبَنِى
وَجَعٌ أَسْهَرَنِى فَجَآءَ بِالْمُفْتَعَلِ i. e. [A malady that rendered me sleepless, tormented me,] and produced pain that had not been known before. (
TA.)
