عو

1 عَوَى, aor. ـْ inf. n. عُوَآءٌ (S, K, TA) and عَىٌّ and عَوَّةٌ (K, TA) and عَوْيَةٌ, with fet-h and then sukoon, thus in the M, but in the copies of the K عَوِيَّةٌ, (TA,) said of a dog, (S, CK, TA,) and of a wolf, and of a jackal, (S, TA,) He cried, or cried loudly: (S:) [meaning he howled:] he twisted his muzzle, then uttered a cry: or he prolonged his cry, not doing so with clearness: and ↓ اعتوى signifies the same: (K, TA:) [in the Ham p. 693, the former is expl. as signifying نَبَحَ and صَاحَ; but] it is said that عَوَّةٌ signifies a prolonged crying; and is not the same as نَبْحٌ [which means “ a barking ”]. (TA.) It is said in a prov. لَوْ لَكَ أَعْوِى مَا عَوَيْتُ [If to thee I were howling, I had not howled]; (TA;) or لَوْ لَكَ عَوَيْتُ لَمْ أَــعْوِهْ, in which the ه may be the ه of pausation, or it may be put by metonymy for the inf. n. so that the meaning is لَمْ أَعْوِ العُوَآءَ: (Meyd:) it originated from the fact that a man used, [and still uses, as I have had occasion to do,] when becoming benighted, in the desert, to howl, in order that the dogs, if any person by whose presence he might be cheered were near him, might hear, and reply to him, and he might be guided by their howling: so this man howled, and the wolf came to him, whereupon he said thus: it relates to the seeker of succour from him who will not succour him. (Meyd, * TA.) And it is said in a trad., كَأَنِّى أَسْمَعُ عُوَآءَ أَهْلِ النَّارِ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [As though I heard] the crying or loud crying [or howling] of the people of the fire [of Hell]: (TA:) [for] عَوَىَ is used metaphorically as meaning he suffered distress, and complained; from the عُوَآء of the dog: (Har p. 634:) as IAth says, it is more especially used in relation to the wolf and the dog. (TA.) And one says of him who is esteemed, or found to be, weak, مَا يَعْوِى

وَمَا يَنْبَحُ (assumed tropical:) [He does not howl nor does he bark]. (Ham p. 693.) b2: And عَوَى إِلَى الفِتْنَةِ means (assumed tropical:) He called (K, TA) people, or a party, (TA,) [to conflict and faction, or the like;] عَوَى being used in this sense by way of likening the person who does so to a dog, or in contempt of him. (Ham p. 693.) [See also 10.] b3: عُوَآءٌ signifies also The grumbling cry (رُغَآء) of a weak young camel: used in this sense by a poet. (TA.) b4: عُوَآءُ المُغْتَابِ; and the phrase عَوَى عَنِ الرَّجُلِ; see in the next paragraph.

A2: عَوَى, (S, K, TA,) inf. n. عَىٌّ, (S, TA,) He bent a thing; as also ↓ اعتوى; and likewise a bow; as also ↓ عوّى, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْوِيَةٌ: (TA:) and (TA) he twisted hair, and a rope; (S, TA;) as also ↓ عوّى, inf. n. تَعْوِيَةٌ. (S.) One says also عَوَى العِمَامَةَ عَيَّةً He twisted the turban with a single twisting. (TA.) And عَوَيْتُ رَأْسَ النَّاقَةِ I turned the head of the she-camel by means of the nose-rein. (S, TA.) And القَوْمُ صُدُورَ رِكَابهِمْ ↓ عوّى and عَوَوْهَا The party inclined the breasts of their camels that they were riding. (TA.) And عَوَى البُرَةَ He bent, or inclined, the nose-ring of the she-camel. (K, * TA.) And النَّاقَةُ تَعْوِى بُرَتَهَا فِى سَيْرِهَا The she-camel twists her nose-ring with her خِطَام [or halter] in her going. (S, TA.) And عَوَاهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ He turned him from the thing. (TA.) And one says of the man who possesses prudence, or discretion, and precaution, or good judgment, and who is hardy, strong, or sturdy, ما ينهى ولا يعوى [i. e. مَا يُنْهَى وَلَا يُعْوَى He is not forbidden nor is he turned]. (TA.) b2: And عَوَى signifies also He (a man) attained to the age of thirty years, so that his arm, or hand, became strong, and he twisted vehemently the arm, or hand, of another. (ISd, K.) 2 عوّى عَنِ الرَّجُلِ, thus in the M, with tesh-deed in the case of عوى and also in the case of كذب in the explanation; but in the K, ↓ عَوَى

[without teshdeed]; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) He repelled from the man, or defended him; syn. كَذَّبَ, and رَدَّ: (M, K, TA:) in the S is said the like of what is said in the M; عَوَّيْتُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ being expl. in the S as meaning (assumed tropical:) I repelled from, or defended, the man (كذّبت عنه), and replied against his backbiter or censurer (رَدَدْت عَلَى مُغْتَابِهِ): and in the A, this phrase is said to be metaphorical, and expl. as meaning (tropical:) I repelled from the man the clamouring [or, as we say, the barking] of the backbiter or the censurer (المُغْتَابِ ↓ رَدَدْت عَنْهُ عُوَآءَ): thus all these three are express authorities for the teshdeed. (TA.) [Freytag has represented the phrase in the S as agreeing with the reading thereof in the K, and has strangely expl. the verb with عن following it as meaning “ Mendacii arguit et refellit.”]

A2: See also 1, latter half, in three places.3 عاوى الكِلَابَ He cried, or cried loudly, [meaning he howled,] to the dogs, they doing so to him. (S, TA.) And [hence] عَاوَاهُمْ, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُعَاوَاةٌ, (TA,) He cried, or cried loudly, to them, [i. e. to men,] they doing so to him. (K, TA.) 6 تعاوت الكِلَابُ The dogs cried, or cried loudly, [meaning howled,] one to another. (TA.) b2: and تَعَاوَوْا عَلَيْهِ, (K, TA,) and تَغَاوَوْا, (TA,) They collected themselves together, (K, TA,) or aided one another, (TA,) against him. (K, TA.) 7 انعوى It became bent [or twisted]. (S, K.) 8 اعتوى: see 1, first sentence: A2: and the same also in the latter half.10 استعوى كَلْبًا [He incited a dog to cry, or cry loudly, or to howl]. (Esh-Sháfi'ee, TA in art. حمى.) b2: And اِسْتَعْوَاهُمْ He sought, or demanded, of them, aid, or succour: (K, TA:) or, accord. to the S, it means نَعَقَ بِهِمْ إِلَى الفِتْنَةِ [he urged them by clamour, or shouting, to conflict and faction, or the like]: (TA: [in one of my copies of the S, for إِذَا نَعَقَ بِهِمْ, the reading followed in the JM and PS as well as in the TA, I find اذا يُغْوِيهِمْ, which is app. a mistranscription: see also عَوَى إِلَى الفِتْنَةِ:]) accord. to Z, it means he desired, or demanded, of them, that they should cry, or cry loudly, behind him. (TA.) A2: اِسْتَعْوَيْتُهُ I desired, or demanded, of him, that he should twist hair, or a rope. (S.) R. Q. 1 عَاعَى, [mentioned in the K in this art., and also, but as unexplained, in art. عيع,] aor. ـَ inf. n. مُعَاعَاةٌ (K, TA) and عَاعَاةٌ; (TA;) and عَوْعَى, [app. the original form,] aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. عَوْعَاةٌ; (TA;) and عَيْعَى, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَيْعَاةٌ and عِيعَآءٌ [in some copies of the K عَيْعَآء]; He chid sheep by the cry عَا or عَوْ or عَاىْ (K, TA) or عَآءٌ. (TA.) عَا and عَوْ [in the CK عُو] and عَاىْ (K, TA) and عَآءْ (TA) are Cries by which sheep are chidden. (K, TA.) عَوٌّ: see العَوَّآءُ, last sentence.

عَوَّةٌ [mentioned in the first sentence of this art. as an inf. n.] A crying out, shouting, or clamouring; like ضَوَّةٌ: one says, سَمِعْتُ عَوَّةَ القَوْمِ i. e. [I heard] the cries, or shouts, or clamour, of the people, or party: so says Az, and As says the like. (S.) b2: See also العَوَّآءُ, last sentence. b3: Also A way-mark that is set up, composed of stones: mentioned by IDrd, but incorrectly as being with damm. (TA.) عُوَّةٌ: see the next paragraph, last sentence.

العَوَّآءُ (S, K) and العَوَّا (K) The dog (S, K) that howls (يَعْوِى) much. (S.) Hence the saying, عَلَيْهِ العَفَأءُ وَالكَلْبُ العَوَّآءُ [Upon him be the dust, and the howling dog]: a form of imprecation. (TA.) b2: And the latter signifies also The wolf. (TA.) b3: Also, both, (S, K, TA,) but the latter is the more common, and its ا is to denote the fem. gender, like that of حُبْلَى [in which it is written ى], the word being fem., (TA,) (tropical:) One of the Mansions of the Moon, (S, K, TA,) namely, the Thirteenth; (Kzw in his Descr. of the Mansions of the Moon;) consisting of five stars, (S, K,) said to be the haunch of the Lion [of which the Arabs, or some of them, extended the figure (as they did also that of the Scorpion) far beyond the limits that we assign to it: see ذِرَاعٌ]: (S:) or four stars [g, d, e and h, of Virgo], (K, and Kzw ubi suprà,) behind الصَّرْفَة [q. v.], (Kzw ibid.,) resembling an alif (K, Kzw) with the lower part turned back, in the Koofee handwriting [in which it is nearly like the Roman L (see زَاوِيَةٌ, in art. زوى)]; (Kzw ibid;) also called عُرْقُوبُ الأَسَدِ; (TA, as from the S, in my copies of which I do not find this;) they regard it as dogs following the Lion; and some say that it is the haunches of the Lion; (Kzw ubi suprà;) accord. to the A, it is thus called because it rises [a mistake for sets, aurorally, (see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل,)] in the tail, or latter part, of the cold, as though it were howling (كَأَنَّهُ يَعْوِى) after it, driving it away, wherefore they call it طَارُودَةُ البَرْدِ: (TA:) or it is an appellation applied by the Arabs to the star that is on the edge of the left shoulder of Virgo, which is the Thirteenth Mansion of the Moon: or, accord. to some, the stars that are upon her belly and beneath her armpit; as though they were dogs howling (تَعْوِى) behind the Lion; so called because of the vehemence of the cold; for when they rise or set [aurorally], they bring cold. (Kzw in his Descr. of Virgo.) And (assumed tropical:) [The constellation Bootes;] a northern constellation, called also الصَّيَّاحُ, consisting of two and twenty stars within the figure, and one without it; the figure being that of a man having in his right hand a staff, between the stars of الفَكَّةُ and بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ: the one that is without the figure is a red, bright star, between his thighs, [i. e. Arcturus,] called السِّمَاكُ الرَّامِحُ, and, by the Arabs, حَارِسُ السَّمَآءِ and حَارِسُ الشَّمَالِ, because it is always seen in the sky, not becoming concealed beneath the rays of the sun. (Kzw in his Descr. of the Northern Constellations.) b4: Also, (K,) or the former word, (TA,) [The aged she-camel;] the نَاب of camels; (K, TA;) on the authority of AA. (TA.) b5: Also, both words, (K,) the former and sometimes the latter, (S,) the former said by Az to be the more common, but MF says that the latter is the more chaste, for the former was by AAF absolutely disallowed, (TA,) The سَافِلَة, (S,) or اِسْت, (K,) [each here app. meaning anus,] of a human being; (S;) app. from عَوَى, aor. ـْ signifying “ he cried,” or “ cried loudly:” (TA:) as also ↓ عُوَّةٌ (IDrd, K, TA) and ↓ عَوَّةٌ, (Lth, K, TA,) of which last the pl. is ↓ عَوٌّ [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.] and [the pl. properly so termed is] عَوَّاتٌ: but IAar is said to have expl.

العَوَّآءُ as meaning الأَسْتَاهُ [pl. of سَتَهٌ which is the original of اِسْتٌ]. (TA.) عَاوٍ [act. part. n. of عَوَى]. One says, مَا لَهُ عَاوٍ

وَلَا نَابِحٌ i. e. He has not belonging to him [a howler nor a barker, meaning sheep, or goats, among which the wolf howls and in the way to which the dog barks [to defend them]. (TA.) مُعَاوِيَةٌ A bitch excited by lust, (Lth, A, K, TA,) that howls (تَعْوِى) to the dogs when she is in that state, and to which they howl. (Lth, A, * TA.) b2: And A fox's cub. (K.) b3: And أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ is a surname of The فَهْد [or lynx]. (K, TA.) b4: The dim. of مُعَاوِيَةٌ is مُعَيَّةٌ; (S, K, TA;) thus say the people of El-Basrah; for when three ى s occur together and the first of them is the characteristic of the dim., one of them is suppressed [by them]; (S, TA;) and مُعَيِّيَةٌ; (S, K, TA; [in the CK مُعَيْيَةٌ;]) thus say the people of El-Koofeh, not suppressing anything, after the manner of those who say أُسَيِّدٌ; (S, TA;) and مُعَيْوِيَةٌ, (S, K, TA, [in the CK مُعَيْوَةٌ,]) after the manner of those who say أُسَيْوِدٌ. (S, TA.)

رشو

1 رَشَا, said of a young bird, It stretched forth its head to its mother in order that she should put food into its beak. (Abu-l-'Abbás [Th], Msb, TA.) b2: Hence, [accord. to Th, but see رِشْوٌة, below,] رَشَاهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـر inf. n. رَشْوٌ, (S, Msb,) He gave him a رِشْوَة [or bribe]. (S, * Mgh, Msb, K.) [See also 3.]3 راشاهُ, (S, ISd, K,) inf. n. مُرَاشَاةٌ, (TA,) i. q. صَانَعَهُ [He bribed him; (see also 1;) or endeavoured to conciliate him; or did to him a thing in order that he (the latter) might do to him (the former) another thing]: (K:) and حَابَاهُ [app. as meaning he treated him, or behaved towards him, with partiality]: (ISd, K:) or ظَاهَرَهُ [he aided him, or assisted him]. (S.) 4 ارشى الدَّلْوَ He put a رِشَآء [or rope]. to the bucket. (S, ISd, K.) b2: [Hence,] ارشى said of the colocynth [or any similar plant (see رِشَآءٌ)] (assumed tropical:) It extended its rope-like branches [or stalks]. (Az, S, K, ↓ TA.) A2: أَرْشَيْتُ الفَصِيلَ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِرْشَآءٌ, (S,) I made the young camel to suck, or to be suckled. (S, K.) 5 ترشّاهُ He was soft, tender, gentle, bland, or mild, towards him; or he treated him with gentleness, or blandishment. (S, ISd, K.) 8 ارتشى He took, or received, a رِشْوَة [or bribe], (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) مِنْهُ from him. (Mgh.) 10 استرشى He sought, or desired, to be suchled; said of a young camel. (S, K.) b2: and استرشى مَا فِى الضَّرْعِ He drew forth what was in the udder. (Az, TA.) b3: [Hence, probably,] استرشى فِى حُكْمِهِ He sought, or desired, or demanded, a رِشْوَة [or bribe] in the case of his deciding judicially, for his doing so [agreeably with the desire of the briber]. (S, K, ↓ TA.) رِشْوَةٌ and رُشْوَةٌ (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and رَشْوَةٌ, (Lth, K,) of which the first is that which is the most commonly used, (TA,) i. q. جُعْلٌ [as meaning A bribe]; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) a thing that one gives to a judge, or to another person, in order that he may judge in his [the giver's] favour, or to incite him to do what he [the giver] desires; (Msb, TA;) or a means of attaining that which one wants, by bribery; not including what is given as a means of obtaining a right or repelling a wrong; for it is related on the authority of several of the leading doctors of the Tábi'ees that there is no harm in man's bribing for the defence of himself and his property when he fears being wronged; so says IAth: and Lth explains the last of these three words as meaning an act of bribery: (TA:) accord. to Abu-l-'Abbás [i. e. Th], (TA), the former meaning is from رَشَا said of a young bird, explained in the first sentence of this art.: (Msb, TA:) or it is from الرِّشَآءُ, (IAth, Mgh, TA,) signifying “ that by means of which one obtains water,” (IAth, TA,) or “ the rope of the bucket: ” (Mgh:) or, accord. to ISd, the reverse of this is the case: (TA:) the pl. (of the first, Msb, TA) is رِشًا or رِشًى and (of the second, Msb, TA) رُشًا or رُشًى. (S, Msb, K, TA.) رِشَآءٌ A rope: (S, Msb, K:) [or a well-rope; i. e.] the rope of the bucket: (Mgh:) and ↓ تِرْشَآءٌ, also, with kesr, has the same meaning as رِشَآءٌ: (K:) hence it would seem that this is generally the case; but they have expressly declared that the latter word has not been heard except in relation to the like of an enchantment, or a fascination: so says MF, pointing to the saying of Lh, that among the phrases of women who enchant, or fascinate, men is أَخَّذْتُهُ بِدُبَّآء مُمَلَّأٍ مِنَ المَآء مُعَلَّقٍ بِتِرْشَآء [I have enchanted him, or fascinated him, with a gourd, filled with water, suspended by a rope, or well-rope]; and that ترشاء, meaning a rope, is not thus said except in this enchantment, or fascination: accord. to ISd, the last radical of رشاء is judged to be و because one obtains water by means of the رشاء, like as one obtains the thing sought by means of the رِشْوَة; which is the reverse what has been said above, that الرشوة is from الرشاء: (TA:) the pl. is أَرْشِيَةٌ. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: الرَّشَآءُ is also the name of (assumed tropical:) A Mansion of the Moon; (K, TA;) [the Twenty-eighth, which is the last, of the Mansions of the Moon;] so called as being likened to a rope; (TA;) [the northern fish, of the constel-lation Pisces, together with the star beta of Andromeda; or, more correctly, delta and epsilon, with some neighbouring stars, of Pisces;] a group of many stars, in the form of a fish, with the tail towards the south and the head towards the north; (Kzw;) many small stars, in the form of a fish, called [also] بَطْنُ الحُوتِ, in the navel of which is a bright star, which the moon makes one of its mansions; (S, TA;) [or including بطن الحوت, which is in the navel of Andromeda; for] بطن الحوت is the name of the bright star [beta] that is above the drapery round the waist of Andromeda: (Kzw, descr. of Andromeda:] الرشاء is also called قَلْبُ الحُوتِ. (TA in art. قلب.) [See مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل.]

رَشِىٌّ A young camel; syn. فَصِيلٌ. (K.) [See 4, last sentence.]

رَاشٍ The giver of a رِشْوَة [or bribe]: hence the trad., لَعَنَ اللّٰهُ الرَّاشِىَ وَالمُرْتَشِىَ وَالرَّائِشَ, i. e. [May God curse] the giver of a رِشْوَة, who aids another to do what is wrong, and the receiver thereof, and him who is agent between them two, demanding more for this or less for this. (IAth, TA.) تِرْشَآءٌ: see رِشَآءٌ, first sentence.

مُرْتَشٍ The receiver of a رِشْوَة [or bribe]. (IAth, TA.) [See an ex. above, voce رَاشٍ.]

مُسْتَرْشٍ A seeker, desirer, or demander, of a رِشْوَة [or bribe]. (TK.) Hence, (TK,) one says, إِنَّكَ لَمُسْتَرْشٍ لِفُلَانٍ, [in the TA إِلَى فُلَانٍ,] i. e. مُطِيعٌ لَهُ تَابِعٌ لِمَسَرَّتِهِرص [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily thou art obedient to such a one, subservient to that which gives him happiness]. (K, TK.)

(سَنَنَ)
قَدْ تَكَرَّرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ ذِكْرُ «السُّنَّة» وَمَا تصرَّف مِنْهَا. وَالْأَصْلُ فِيهَا الطَّرِيقَةُ والسِّيرة. وَإِذَا أُطْلِقَت فِي الشَّرع فَإِنَّمَا يُرادُ بِهَا مَا أمَر بِهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَنَهَى عَنْهُ ونَدَب إِلَيْهِ قَوْلًا وفِعْلا، مِمَّا لَمْ يَنْطق بِهِ الكِتابُ العزيزُ. وَلِهَذَا يُقَالُ فِي أدِلَّة الشَّرع الكِتابُ والسُّنَّة، أَيِ الْقُرْآنُ والحديث. (س) وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ «إِنَّمَا أُنَسَّى لِأَسُنَّ» أَيْ إِنَّمَا أُدْفَعُ إِلَى النِّسيان لأَسُوق النَّاسَ بالهِدَاية إِلَى الطَّرِيق المُسْتَقيم، وأُبِّينَ لَهُمْ مَا يَحْتاَجُون أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا إِذَا عَرَض لَهُمُ النّسيانُ. وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ سَنَنْتُ الإبلَ إِذَا أحْسنت رِعْيتهاَ والقيامَ عَلَيْهَا.
وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ «أَنَّهُ نَزَل المُحصَّب وَلَمْ يَسُنَّه» أَيْ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ سُنَّة يُعْمل بِهَا. وَقَدْ يَفْعلُ الشَّيْءَ لِسَبَبٍ خاصٍّ فَلَا يعُمّ غَيره. وَقَدْ يَفْعل لِمَعْنَى فَيزُول ذَلِكَ المَعْنى وَيَبْقَى الْفِعْلُ عَلَى حَالِهِ مُتَّبعاً، كقَصْر الصَّلَاةِ فِي السَّفر لِلْخَوْفِ، ثُمَّ استمرَّ القَصْر مَعَ عَدَم الخَوف.
(س) وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ «رَمَل رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَيْسَ بِسُنَّةٍ» أَيْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسُنَّ فِعْلَه لِكاَفَّة الأمَّة، وَلَكِنْ لسَبب خاصٍّ، وَهُوَ أَنْ يُرِى المُشْركين قُوَّة أَصْحَابِهِ، وَهَذَا مذهبُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وغَيرُه يَرَى أَنَّ الرَّمَل فِي طَوَاف القُدوم سُنَّة.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُحَلِّم بْنِ جَثَّامة «اسْنُنِ اليومِ وغَيِّر غَدًا» أَيِ أعْمَل بسُنَّتك الَّتِي سَنَنْتَهَا فِي القِصاَص، ثُمَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا شِئْتَ أَنْ تُغَير فَغيَّر: أَيْ تُغَير مَا سَنَنْت. وَقِيلَ تُغَير: مِنْ أخذِ الغِيَر، وَهِيَ الدِّية.
وَفِيهِ «إِنَّ أكبَرَ الْكَبَائِرِ أَنْ تُقاَتِل أَهْلَ صَفْقَتك، وتُبدِّل سُنَّتَك» أَرَادَ بتَبْديل السُّنة أَنْ يَرْجِعَ أعْرابيا بَعْدَ هِجْرته.
(هـ) وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْمَجُوسِ «سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أهلِ الْكِتَابِ» أَيْ خْذُوهم عَلَى طَرِيقَتِهِمْ وأجْرُوهم فِي قَبُول الجِزْية مِنْهُمْ مُجْراهُم.
(س) وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ «لَا يُنْقض عهدُهم عَنْ سُنَّةِ ما حل» أَيْ لَا يُنْقض بسَعْى ساعْ بالنَّمِيمة وَالْإِفْسَادِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: لَا أُفْسِد مَا بَيْني وَبَيْنَكَ بِمَذَاهِبِ الْأَشْرَارِ وطُرُقِهم فِي الفَسادِ. والسُّنَّةُ الطَريقة، والسَّنَنُ أَيْضًا.
(هـ) وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ «أَلَا رجُلٌ يَرُدّ عنَّا مِنْ سَنَنِ هَؤُلَاءِ» .
(س) وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْخَيْلِ «اسْتَنَّتْ شَرَفا أَوْ شَرَفَين» اسْتَنَّ الفَرَس يَسْتَنُّ اسْتِنَاناً: أَيْ عَدَا لِمَرَحِه ونشاَطِه شَوْطًا أَوْ شَوْطَيْنِ وَلَا رَاكِب عَلَيْهِ. (هـ) وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ «إِنَّ فَرَس الْمُجَاهِدِ لَيَسْتَنُّ فِي طِوَله» .
(س) وَحَدِيثُ عُمَرَ «رأيتُ أَبَاهُ يَسْتَنُّ بسَيْفه كَمَا يَسْتَنُّ الْجَمَلُ» أَيْ يَمْرحُ ويَخْطُر بِهِ.
وَقَدْ تَكَرَّرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ.
(س) وَفِي حَدِيثِ السِّواك «أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْتَنُّ بِعُودٍ مِنْ أرَاك» الِاسْتِنَانُ: اسْتعمال السِّواك، وَهُوَ افْتِعاَل مِنَ الْأَسْنَانِ: أَيْ يُمِرُّه عَلَيْهَا.
(س) وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ الْجُمُعَةِ «وَأَنْ يَدَّهِن ويَسْتَنَّ» .
(س) وَحَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ فِي وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «فأخذتُ الجَريدَة فَسَنَنْتُهُ بِهَا» أَيْ سَوّكْته بِهَا. وَقَدْ تَكَرَّرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ.
(هـ) وَفِيهِ «أعْطُوا الرُّكُبَ أَسِنَّتَهَا» قَالَ أَبُو عُبيد : إِنْ كَانَتِ اللَّفْظَةُ مَحْفُوظَةً فَكَأَنَّهَا جَمْعُ الْأَسْنَانِ. يُقَالُ لِمَا تَأْكُلُهُ الْإِبِلُ وتَرعاه مِنَ العُشْب سِنٌّ وجَمْعه أَسْنَانٌ، ثُمَّ أَسِنَّةٌ.
وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : الْأَسِنَّةُ جَمْعُ السِّنَانِ لَا جَمْع الأسْنان، تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: الحَمْضُ يَسُنَّ الْإِبِلَ عَلَى الخُلَّة: أَيْ يُقوّيها كَمَا يُقوىّ السَّنُّ حَدّ السِّكين. فالحمْض سِنَانٌ لَهَا عَلَى رَعْى الخُلَّة. والسِّنَانُ الِاسْمُ، وَهُوَ القُوّة.
واسْتَصوب الْأَزْهَرِيُّ القَوْلين مَعًا. وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: السِّنُّ الْأَكْلُ الشَّدِيدُ.
وَقَالَ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ: أَصَابَتِ الإبلُ سِنّاً مِنَ الرِّعْى إِذَا مَشَقت مِنْهُ مَشقا صَالحا. ويُجمع السِّنُّ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى أَسْنَاناً [ثُمَّ تُجْمع الْأَسْنَانُ أَسِنَّة ] . مِثْلُ كِنٍّ وأكْناَن وأكنَّة .
وَقَالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ: «الْمَعْنَى أعْطُوها مَا تَمْتَنع بِهِ من النّحر؛ لأن صاحبها إذا أحسن رعيتها سمنَت وحَسُنت فِي عَيْنِهِ فيَبْخَل بِهَا مِنْ أَنْ تُنْحر، فشَبه ذَلِكَ بالأسِنَّة فِي وُقُوعِ الامتناع بها» . هَذَا عَلَى أنَّ المُراد بِالْأَسِنَّةِ جمعْ سِنَانٍ، وَإِنْ أُرِيدَ بِهَا جَمْعُ سِنٍّ فَالْمَعْنَى أمْكنوها مِنَ الرِّعي.
(س) وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ «أعْطُوا السِّنَّ حظَّها مِنَ السِّنِّ» أَيْ أعْطُوا ذَوَات السِّنِّ وَهِيَ الدَّوابُّ حظَّها مِنَ السِّن وَهُوَ الرِّعي.
(هـ) وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ جَابِرٍ «فأمْكِنوا الرِّكاب أَسْنَاناً» أَيْ تَرْعى أسْناَنا.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ الزَّكَاةِ «أمَرَني أَنْ آخُذ مِنْ كُل ثَلَاثِينَ مِنَ البقَر تِبيعاً وَمِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ مُسِنَّة» قَالَ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ: البقرة والشاة يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِمَا اسْمُ المُسِنِّ إِذَا أثْنَيا، وتُثْنَيان فِي السَّنَة الثَّالِثَةِ، وَلَيْسَ مَعْنَى إِسْنَانِهَا كِبَرها كالرجُل المُسِنِّ، وَلَكِنَّ مَعْنَاهُ طُلوع سِنّها فِي السَّنة الثَّالِثَةِ.
(هـ) وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «يُنْفَى مِنَ الضَّحَايَا الَّتِي لَمْ تُسْنَنْ» رَوَاهُ القُتَيْبي بِفَتْحِ النُّونِ الْأُولَى، قَالَ: وَهِيَ الَّتِي لَمْ تَنْبُت أسْنانها، كَأَنَّهَا لَمْ تُعْطَ أَسْنَانًا، كَمَا يُقَالُ لَمْ يُلْبَن فُلَانٌ إِذَا لَمْ يُعْط لَبناً. قَالَ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ: وَهِمَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا المحفوظُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الثَّبْت والضبْط بِكَسْرِ النُّونِ، وَهُوَ الصَّوَابُ فِي الْعَرَبِيَّةِ. يُقَالُ لَمْ تُسْنِنْ وَلَمْ تُسِنَّ. وَأَرَادَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُضَحَّى بِأُضْحِيَّةٍ لَمْ تُثْنِ:
أَيْ لَمْ تَصِرْ تَنَّية، فَإِذَا أثْنَت فَقَدْ أَسَنَّتْ. وَأَدْنَى الأسْناَن الإثْناَءُ.
(س) وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّهُ خَطب فذَكر الرِّبا فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فِيهِ أَبْوَابًا لَا تَخْفى عَلَى أحدٍ مِنْهَا السَّلّم فِي السِّنِّ» يَعْنِي الرقيقَ والدوابَّ وَغَيْرَهُمَا مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ. أرادَ ذواتَ السِّنِّ. وسِنُّ الْجَارِحَةِ مُؤَنَّثة. ثُمَّ اسْتُعِيرَتْ للعُمْر استدِلاَلاً بِهَا عَلَى طُوله وقِصَره. وبَقيَتْ عَلَى التأنيْث.
(س) وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ:
باَزِلُ عَامَيْن حَدِيثٌ سِنِّي أَيْ أَنَا شابٌ حَدَثٌ فِي العُمر، كَبِير قَوِىٌّ فِي العَقْل والعِلمْ.
(هـ) وَحَدِيثُ عُثْمَانَ «وجاوزتُ أَسْنَانَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي» أَيْ أعْمارهم. يُقَالُ فُلَانٌ سِنُّ فلانَ، إِذَا كَانَ مثْله في السّنّ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ ذِي يَزَن «لأُوطِئَنَّ أَسْنَانَ العرَب كَعْبَة» يُرِيد ذَوِي أسْناَنهم، وَهُمُ الأكَابِر والأشْرَاف.
[هـ] وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ «صَدَقني سِنَّ بَكْرِه» هَذَا مَثَلٌ يُضرب للصَّادِق فِي خبَره، وَيَقُولُهُ الإنسانُ عَلَى نَفْسه وَإِنْ كَانَ ضَارًّا لَهُ. وأصلهُ أَنَّ رجُلا ساَوَمَ رَجلا فِي بَكْرٍ ليشْتَريه، فَسَأَلَ صَاحِبَهُ عَنْ سِنِّهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِالْحَقِّ، فَقَالَ المُشْتَري: صَدَقَني سِنَّ بَكْره.
وَفِي حديثُ بَوْل الْأَعْرَابِيِّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ «فدعاَ بدَلْو مِنْ مَاءٍ فَسَنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ» أَيْ صَبَّه. والسَّنُّ الصَّبُّ فِي سُهُولة. وَيُرْوَى بِالشِّينِ. وَسَيَجِيءُ.
(هـ) وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ الْخَمْرِ «سَنَّهَا فِي الْبَطْحَاءِ» .
(هـ) وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «كَانَ يَسُنُّ المْاءَ عَلَى وجْهه وَلَا يَشُنُّه» أَيْ كَانَ يَصُبُّه وَلَا يُفَرِّقه عَلَيْهِ وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ «فَسُنُّوا عَلىَّ التُّرابَ سَنّاً» أَيْ ضَــعُوه وضْعا سَهْلا.

(خَطَرَ)
(هـ) فِي حَدِيثِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ «وَاللَّهِ مَا يَخْطِرُ لَنَا جَمَل» أَيْ مَا يُحَرّك ذَنَبهُ هُزالاً لِشِدّة القَحْطِ والجَدْبِ. يُقَالُ خَطَرَ البَعير بذَنَبه يَخْطِرُ إِذَا رَفَعه وحَطَّه. وَإِنَّمَا يَفعل ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ الشِّبَع والسِّمَن.
وَمِنْهُ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ لَمَّا قَتَلَ عَمْرو بْنَ سَعِيدٍ «وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَتَلْتُه وَإِنَّهُ لَأَعَزُّ عَلَيَّ مِنْ جِلْدَةِ مَا بَيْنَ عَيْنَيَّ، وَلَكِنْ لَا يَخْطِر فَحْلانِ فِي شَوْلِ» .