امن

1 أَمِنَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْنٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and أَمَنٌ (M, K) and أَمَنَةٌ (T, S, M, K) and إِمْنَةٌ (T) and أَمَانٌ (M, K) [and app. أَمَانَةٌ, for it is said in the S that this is syn. with أَمَانٌ,] and آمنٌ, an instance of an inf. n. of the measure فَاعِلٌ, which is strange, (MF,) or this is a subst. like فَالِجٌ, (M,) He was, or became, or felt, secure, safe, or in a state of security or safety; originally, he was, or became, quiet, or tranquil, in heart, or mind; (Msb;) he was, or became, secure, or free from fear; أَمْنٌ signifying the contr. of خَوْفٌ, (S, M, K,) and so أَمَنَةٌ (S) and آمِنٌ [&c.]: (M, K:) he was, or became, or felt, free from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, he was, or became, easy in mind, and free from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) [See أَمْنٌ, below.] You say also, يَإْمَنُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ [He is secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself]. (M.) And أَمِنَ البَلَدُ, meaning The inhabitants of the country or district, or town, were in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) The verb is trans. by itself, and by means of the particle مِنْ; as in أَمَنَ زَيْدٌ الأَسَدَ and أَمِنَ مِنَ الأَسَدِ, meaning Zeyd was, or became, or felt, secure from, safe from, [or free from fear of,] the lion. (Msb.) You say also, أَمِنَ كَذِبَ مَنْ

أَخْبَرَهُ [He was secure from, or free from fear of, the lying of him who informed him]. (M.) And لَا آنَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذلِكَ [I am not free from fear of its being so; I am not sure but that it may be so]. (Mgh in art. نبذ; and other lexicons passim.) And, of a strong-made she camel, أَمِنَتْ

أَنْ تَكُونَ ضَعَيفَةً [She was secure from, or free from fear of, being weak]: (M: [in a copy of the S أُمِنَتْ:]) and أَمِنَتِ الــعِثَارَ وَالإَعْيَآءٍ [ She was secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded]: (M:) and أُمِنَ عِثَارُهَا [Her stumbling was not feared]. (So in a copy of the S.) And, of a highly-prized camel, أُمِنَ أَنْ يُنْحَرَ [It was not feared that he would be slaughtered; or his being slaughtered was not feared]. (M.) [أَمنَهُ sometimes means He was, or became, free from fear, though having cause for fear, of him, or it. i. e. he thought himself secure, or safe, from him or it. (See Kur vii. 97.)] b2: أمِنَهُ (inf. n. أَمْنٌ TK) [and accord. to some copies of the K ↓ آمَنَهُ] and ↓ أمّنهُ (inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ K) and ↓ ائتمنهُ ([written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَنَهُ, and] also written اِتَّمَنَهُ, on the authority of Th, which is extr., like اِتَّهَلَ [&c.], M) and ↓ استأمنهُ all signify the same (M, K, TA) [He trusted, or confided, in him; (as also آمن بِهِ, q. v.;) he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge; he gave him charge over a thing or person: these meanings are vaguely indicated in the M and K and TA.]. You say, يَأْمَنُهُ النَّاسُ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ غَائِلَتَهُ [Men, or people, trust, or confide, in him, and do not fear his malevolence, or mischievousness]. (T, M.) and أَمِنَهُ عَلَى كَذَا (S, Mgh, * Msb *) and ↓ ائتمنهُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, Msb, K,) [He trusted, or confided, in him with respect to such a thing; he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge, over it; he gave him charge over it;] he made him, or took him as, أَمِين over such a thing. (Mgh.) Hence, in a trad., the مُؤَذِّن is said to be مُؤْتَمَنٌ; i. e. النَّاسُ عَلَ الأَوْقَاتِ الَّتِى يُؤَذَّنُ فِيهَا ↓ يَأْتَمِنُهُ [Men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer], and know, by his calling to prayer, what they are commanded to do, as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [xii. 11], مَا لَكَ لَا تَأْمَنُنَا عَلَى يُوسُفَ and [تَأْمَنَّا] with idghám [i. e. What aileth thee that thou dost not trust, or confide, in us with respect to Joseph? or, that thou dost not give us charge over Joseph?]; (S;) meaning, why dost thou fear us for him? (Bd;) some pronouncing the verb in a manner between those of the former and the latter modes of writing it; but Akh says that the latter is better: (S:) some read تِيمَنَّا. (Bd.) You say also, ↓ اُوتُمِنَ فُلَانٌ [Such a one was trusted, or confided, in &c.;] when it begins a sentence, changing the second ء into و; in like manner as you change it into ى when the first is with kesr, as in اِيتَمَنَهُ; and into ا when the first is with fet-h, as in آمَنَ. (S.) The phrase أَمَانَةً ↓ اُوتُمِنَ, in a saying of Mohammad, if it be not correctly عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ, may be explained as implying the meaning of اُسْتُحْفِظَ أَمَانَةً [He was asked to take care of a deposite; or he was intrusted with it]. (Mgh.) [You also say, أَمِنَهُ بِكَذَا, meaning He intrusted him with such a thing; as, for instance, money or other property: see two exs. in the Kur iii. 68.]

A2: أَمُنَ, (M, Mgh, K,) or أَمِنَ, (Msb,) inf. n. أَمَانَةٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) He was, or became, trusted in, or confided in: (M, K:) or he was, or became, trusty, trustworthy, trustful, confidential, or faithful: said of a man. (Mgh.) 2 أمّنهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ: see 4: b2: and see also أَمِنَهُ.

A2: أمّن, inf. n. as above, also signifies He said آمِينَ or أَمِينَ, (T, S, Msb,) after finishing the Fátihah, (T,) or عَلَي الدُّعَآءِ on the occasion of the prayer, or supplication. (Msb.) 4 آمَنَ is originally أَأْمَنَ; the second ء being softened. (S.) You say, آمنهُ, [inf. n. إِيمَانٌ;] (S, M, Msb;) and ↓ أمّنهُ, [inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ;] (M, TA;) meaning He rendered him secure, or safe; (Msb;) he rendered him secure, or free from fear; (S, M, TA;) contr. of أَخَافهُ: (TA:) so in آمَنْتُهُ مِنْهُ I rendered him secure, or safe, from him, or it. (Msb.) And of God you say, آمَنَ عِبادَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَظْلِمَهُمْ [He hath rendered his servants secure from his wronging them]. (S.) And يُؤْمِنُ عِبَادَهُ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ [ He rendereth his servants secure from his punishment]. (M.) You say also, آمَنْتُ الأَسِيرَ, meaning I gave, or granted, الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter,] to the captive. (Msb.) And آمَنَ فُلَانٌ الَعَدُوَّ [Such a one granted security, &c., to the enemy], inf. n. as above. (T.) It is said in the Kur ch. ix. [verse 12], accord. to one reading, لَا إِيمَانَ لَهُمْ They have not the attribute of granting protection; meaning that when they grant protection, they do not fulfil their engagement to protect. (T.) A2: إِيمَانٌ also signifies The believing [a thing, or in a thing, and particularly in God]; syn. تَصْدِيقٌ; (T, S, &c.;) by common consent of the lexicologists and other men of science: (T:) its primary meaning is the becoming true to the trust with respect to which God has confided in one, by a firm believing with the heart; not by profession of belief with the tongue only, without the assent of the heart; for he who does not firmly believe with his heart is either a hypocrite or an ignorant person. (T, TA.) Its verb is intrans. and trans. (TA, from a Commentary on the Mutowwal.) You say, آمَنَ, meaning He believed. (T.) and it is said to be trans. by itself, like صَدَّقَ; and by means of بِ, considered as meaning اِعْتِرَافٌ [or acknowledgment]; and by means of لِ, considered as meaning إِذْعَانٌ [or submission]. (TA.) [Thus] you say, [آمنهُ and] آمن بِهِ, (inf. n. إِيمَانٌ, T, K,) namely, a thing. (T, M.) And آمن بِاللّٰهِ He believed in God. (T.) It seems to be meant by what is said in the Ksh [in ii. 2], that آمن بِهِ [or آمَنَهُ] properly signifies آمَنَهُ التَّكْذِيبَ [He rendered him secure from being charged with lying, or falsehood]; and that the meaning he believed him or in him, is tropical; but this is at variance with what its author says in the A; and Es-Saad says that this latter meaning is proper. (TA.) The phrase in the Kur [ix. 61], وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمؤْمِنِينَ, accord. to Th, means And he believeth the believers; giveth credit to them. (M.) b2: Sometimes it is employed to signify The acknowledging with the tongue only; and hence, in the Kur [lxiii. 3], ذلِكَ بأَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا That is because they acknowledged with the tongue, then disacknowledged with the heart. (TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The trusting, or confiding, or having trust or confidence. (M, K.) [You say, آمن بِهِ, meaning He trusted, or confided, in him, or it: for] the verb of ايمان in this sense is trans. by means of بِ without implication; as Bd says. (TA.) [And it is also trans. by itself: for] you say, مَا آمَنَ أَنْ يَجِدَ صَحَابَةً, meaning (tropical:) He trusted not that he would find companions; (M, * K, * TA;) said of one who has formed the intention of journeying: or the meaning is مَا كَادَ [i. e. he hardly, or scarcely, found &c.; or he was not near to finding &c.]. (M, K.) See also أَمِنَهُ. b4: Also The manifesting humility or submission, and the accepting the Law, (Zj, T, * K,) and that which the Prophet has said or done, and the firm believing thereof with the heart; (Zj, T, M;) without which firm belief, the manifesting of humility or submission, and the accepting that which the Prophet has said or done, is termed إِسْلَامٌ, for which one's blood is to be spared. (T.) [In this sense, it is trans. by means of لِ, accord. to some, as shown above; or by means of بِ, for, accord. to Fei,] you say, آمَنْتُ بِاللّٰهِ, inf. n. as above, meaning I submitted, or resigned, myself to God. (Msb.) [There are numerous other explanations which it is needless to give, differing according to different persuasions. b5: See also إِيمَان below.]8 إِاْتَمَنَ see 1, in five places.10 استأمنهُ He asked, or demanded, of him الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]. (T, * Msb, TA.) b2: See also أَمِنَهُ. b3: استأمن إِلَيْهِ He entered within the pale of his أمَان [or protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) أَمْنٌ [an inf. n. of أَمِنِ: as a simple subst. it signifies Security, or safety: (see أَمِنَ:) or] security as meaning freedom from fear; contr. of خَوْفٌ; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ (M, K) and ↓ أَمَنَهُ (S, M, K) [and ↓ إِمْنَةٌ (see أَمِنَ)] and ↓ أَمَانٌ and ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, K,) which last is an inf. n. of أَمِنَ [like the rest], (MF,) or a subst. like فَالِجٌ; (M;) and ↓ أَمَانَةٌ is syn. with أَمَانٌ, (S,) both of these signifying security, or safety, and freedom from fear: (PS:) or أَمْنٌ signifies freedom from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, ease of mind, and freedom from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) You say, أَنْتَ فِى أَمْنٍ [Thou art in a state of security], (T, M,) مِنْ ذَاكَ [from that]; and ↓ فى أَمَانٍ signifies the same; (T;) and so ↓ فى آمِنٍ. (M.) And نُعَاسًا ↓ أَمَنَةً, in the Kur [iii. 148], means Security (أَمْنًا) [and slumber]. (S.) ↓ أَمَانٌ also signifies Protection, or safeguard: and [very frequently] a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety; indemnity; or quarter: in Pers\. پَنَاهْ and زِنْهَارٌ: (KL:) syn. إِلُّ. (K in art. ال.) Yousay, ↓ دَخَلَ فِى أَمَانِهِ [He entered within the pale of his protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) [and اللّٰهِ ↓ كُنٌ فِى أَمَانِ Be thou in the protection, or safeguard, of God.] And ↓ أَعْطَيْتُهُ الأَمَانَ [I gave, or granted, to him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]; namely, a captive. (Msb.) And طَلَبَ

↓ مِنْهُ الأَمَانَ [He asked, or demanded, of him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, &c., as in the next preceding ex.]. (Msb, TA.) b2: أَمْنًا in the Kur ii. 119 means ذَا أَمْن [Possessed of security or safety]: (Aboo-Is-hák, M:) or مَوْضِعَ أَمْنٍ [a place of security or safety; like مَأْمَنًا]. (Bd.) b3: See also آمِنٌ. b4: You say also, مَا أَحْسَنَ أَمْنَكَ, and ↓ أَمَنَكَ, meaning How good is thy religion! and thy natural disposition! (M, K.) إِمْنٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أَمَنٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first and last sentences.

أَمِنٌ: see آمِنٌ. b2: Also, (K, [there said to be like كَتِفٌ,]) or ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, [so written in a copy of that work,)] Asking, or demanding, or seeking, protection, in order to be secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself: (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) إِمْنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أمَنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in two places: b2: and see also أَمَانَةٌ.

A2: Also A man who trusts, or confides, in every one; (T, S, M;) and so ↓ أُمَنَةٌ: (S:) and who believes in everything that he hears; who disbelieves in nothing: (Lh, T:) or in whom men, or people, trust, or confide, and whose malevolence, or mischievousness, they do not fear: (T, M:) and ↓ أُمَنَةٌ signifies trusted in, or confided in; [like أَمِينٌ;] and by rule should be أُمْنَةٌ, because it has the meaning of a pass. part. n. [like لُعْنَةٌ and ضُحْكَةٌ and لُقْطَلةٌ &c. (see لَقَطٌ)]: (M:) or both signify one in whom every one trusts, or confides, in, or with respect to, everything. (K.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ.

أُمَنَةٌ: see أَمَنَةٌ, in two places.

أَمَانٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in seven places.

أَمُونٌ, applied to a she camel, of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, like عَصُوبٌ and حَلُوبٌ, (tropical:) Trusted, or confided, in; (T;) firmly, compactly, or strongly, made; (T, S, M, K;) secure from, or free from fear of, being weak: (S, M:) also, that is secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded: (M:) or strong, so that her becoming languid is not feared: (A, TA:) pl. أُمُنٌ. (M, K.) [See also what next follows.]

أَمينٌ Trusted; trusted in; confided in; (T, * S, * M, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ أُمَّانٌ; (S, M, K;) i. q. ↓ مَأْمُونٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ: (ISk, T, K:) [a person in whom one trusts or confides; a confidant; a person intrusted with, or to whom is confided, power, authority, control, or a charge, عَلَى شَىْءٍ over a thing; a person intrusted with an affair, or with affairs, i. e., with the management, or disposal, thereof; a confidential agent, or superintendent; a commissioner; a commissary; a trustee; a depositary;] a guardian: (TA:) trusty; trustworthy; trustful; confidential; faithful: (Mgh, Msb: *) pl. أُمَنَآءُ, and, accord. to some, ↓ أَمَنَةٌ, as in a trad. in which it is said, أَصْحَابِى أَمَنَةٌ لِأُمَّتِى, meaning My companions are guardians to my people: or, accord. to others, this is pl. of ↓ آمِنٌ [app. in a sense mentioned below in this paragraph, so that the meaning in this trad. is my companions are persons who accord trust, or confidence, to my people]. (TA.) Hence, أَلَمْ تَعْلَمِى يَا أَسْمَ وَيْحَكِ أَنَّنِى

حَلَفْتُ يَمِينًا لَا أَخُونُ أَمِينِى

[Knowest thou not, O Asmà (أَسْمَآء, curtailed for the sake of the metre), mercy on thee! or woe to thee! that I have sworn an oath that I will not act treacherously to him in whom I trust?] i. e. ↓ مَأْمُونِى: (S:) or the meaning here is, him who trusts, or confides, in me; (ISk, T;) [i. e.] it is here syn. with ↓ آمِنِى. (M.) [Hence also,] الأَمِينُ فِى القِمَارِ, (K voce مُجُمِدٌ, &c.,) or أَمِينُ, القِمَارِ, [The person who is intrusted, as deputy, with the disposal of the arrows in the game called المَيْسِر; or] he who shuffles the arrows; الَّذِى.

يَضْرِبُ بِالقِدَاحِ. (EM p. 105.) [Hence also,] الرُّوحُ الأَمِينُ [The Trusted, or Trusty, Spirit]; (Kur xxvi. 193;) applied to Gabriel, because he is intrusted with the revelation of God. (Bd.) ↓ أُمَّانٌ, mentioned above, and occurring in a verse of El-Aashà, applied to a merchant, is said by some to mean Possessed of religion and excellence. (M.) ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ is applied, in a trad., to the مُؤَذِّن, as meaning that men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer, and know by his call what they are commanded to do as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) المُعَامَلَةِ ↓ هُوَ مَأْمُونُ means He is [trusty, or trustworthy, in dealing with others; or] free from exorbitance and deceit or artifice or craft to be feared. (Msb.) b2: An aid, or assistant; syn. عَوْنٌ [here app. meaning, as it often does, an armed attendant, or a guard]; because one trusts in his strength, and is without fear of his being weak. (M.) b3: (assumed tropical:) The strong; syn. قَوِىٌّ. (K, TA: [in the latter of which is given the same reason for this signification as is given in the M for that of عون; for which قوى may be a mistranscription; but see أَمُونٌ.]) b4: One who trusts, or confides, in another; (ISk, T, K;) [as also ↓ آمِنٌ, of which see an ex. voce حَذِرٌ;] so accord. to ISk in the verse cited above in this paragraph: (T:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) b5: See also آمِنٌ, in five places.

A2: And see آمِينَ.

أَمَانَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first sentence. b2: Trustiness; trustworthiness; trustfulness; faithfulness; fidelity; (M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ أَمَنَةٌ. (M, K.) أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ [for أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ قَسَمِي or مَا أُقْسِمُ The faithfulness of God is my oath or that by which I swear] is composed of an inf. n. prefixed to the agent, and the former is in the nom. case as an inchoative; the phrase being like لَعَمْرُ اللّٰهِ, as meaning an oath; and the enunciative being suppressed, and meant to be understood: accord. to some, you say, أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ [app. for نَشَدْتُكَ أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ I adjure thee, or conjure thee, by the faithfulness of God, or the like], making it to be governed in the accus. case by the verb which is to be understood: and some correctly say, وَأَمَانَةِ اللّٰهِ [By the faithfulness of God], with the و which denotes an oath: (Mgh:) or this last is an oath accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh; but Esh-Sháfi'ee does not reckon it as such: and it is forbidden in a trad. to swear by الأَمَانَة; app. because it is not one of the names of God. (TA.) [Or these phrases may have been used, in the manner of an oath, agreeably with explanations here following.]

A2: A thing committed to the trust and care of a person; a trust; a deposite; (Mgh, Msb;) and the like: (Msb:) property committed to trust and care: (TA:) pl. أَمَانَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [viii. 27], وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ [Nor be ye unfaithful to the trusts committed to you]. (Mgh.) And in the same [xxxiii. 72], إِنَّا عَرَضْنَاالأَمَانَةَ عَلَى

السّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِوَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ [Verily we proposed, or offered, the trust which we have committed to man to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and (accord. to explanations of Bd and others) they refused to take it upon themselves, or to accept it, and they feared it, but man took it upon himself, or accepted it: or, (accord. to another explanation of Bd, also given in the T, and in the K in art. حمل, &c.,) they refused to be unfaithful to it, and they feared it, but man was unfaithful to it: but in explaining what this trust was, authors greatly differ: accord. to some,] الامانة here means obedience; so called because the rendering thereof is incumbent: or the obedience which includes that which is natural and that which depends upon the will: [for] it is said that when God created these [celestial and terrestrial] bodies, He created in them understanding: or it may here [and in some other instances] mean reason, or intellect: [and the faculty of volition: and app. conscience: these being trusts committed to us by God, to be faithfully employed: (see an ex. voce جَذْرٌ:)] and the imposition of a task or duty or of tasks or duties [app. combined with reason or intellect, which is necessary for the performance thereof]: (Bd:) or it here means prayers and other duties for the performance of which there is recompense and for the neglect of which there is punishment: (Jel:) or, accord. to I'Ab and Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr, (T,) the obligatory statutes which God has imposed upon his servants: (T, K: *) or, (T, K,) accord. to Ibn-'Omar, [the choice between] obedience and disobedience was offered to Adam, and he was informed of the recompense of obedience and the punishment of disobedience: but, in my opinion, he says, (T,) it here means the intention which one holds in the heart, (T, K,) with respect to the belief which he professes with the tongue, and with respect to all the obligatory statutes which he externally fulfils; (K;) because God has confided to him power over it, and not manifested it to any [other] of his creatures, so that he who conceives in his mind, with respect to the acknowledgment of the unity of God, (T, K,) and with respect to belief [in general], (T,) the like of that which he professes, he fulfils the امانة [or trust], (T, K,) and he who conceives in his mind disbelief while he professes belief with the tongue is unfaithful thereto, and every one who is unfaithful to that which is confided to him is [termed] حَامِلٌ, (T,) or حَامِلُ الأَمَانَةِ, and مُحْتَمِلُهَا: (Bd:) and by الإِنْسَانُ is here meant the doubting disbeliever. (T.) b2: Also, [as being a trust committed to him by God, A man's] family, or household; syn. أَهْلٌ. (TA.) أُمَّانٌ: see أَمينٌ, in two places.

A2: Also One who does not write; as though he were (كَأَنَّهُ [in the CK لاَنَّهُ because he is]) an أُمِّى. (K, TA.) [But this belongs to art. ام; being of the measure فُعْلَانٌ, like عُرْيَانٌ.] b2: And A sower, or cultivator of land; [perhaps meaning a clown, or boor;] syn. زَرَّاعٌ: (CK:) or sowers, or cultivators of land; syn. زُرَّاعٌ: (K, TA:) in one copy of the K زِرَاع. (TA.) آمِنٌ Secure, safe, or free from fear; as also ↓ أَمِينٌ (Lh, T, * S, * M, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xcv. 3], ↓ وَهذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ [And this secure town]; (Akh, Lh, T, S, M;) meaning Mekkeh. (M.) بَلَدٌ آمِنٌ and ↓ أَمِينٌ means A town, or country, or district, of which the inhabitants are in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) It is also said in the Kur [xliv. 51], ↓ إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي مَقَامٍ أَمِينٍ, meaning [Verily the pious shall be in an abode] wherein they shall be secure from the accidents, or casualties, of fortune. (M.) [And hence,] ↓ الأَمِينُ is one of the epithets applied to God, (Mgh, K,) on the authority of El-Hasan; (Mgh;) an assertion requiring consideration: it may mean He who is secure with respect to the accidents, or casualties, of fortune: but see المُؤْمِنُ, which is [well known as] an epithet applied to God. (TA.) آمِنُ المَالِ means What is secure from being slaughtered, of the camels, because of its being highly prized; by المال being meant الإِبِل: or, as some say, (tropical:) what is highly esteemed, of property of any kind; as though, if it had intellect, it would feel secure from being exchanged. (M.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ مِنْ آمِنِ مَالِي, (K, TA, [in the CK آمَنِ,]) meaning (tropical:) I gave him of the choice, or best, of my property; of what was highly esteemed thereof; (K, TA;) and مَالِى ↓ مِنْ أَمْنِ which Az explains as meaning of the choice, or best, of my property. (TA: [in which is given a verse cited by ISk showing that أَمْن, thus used, is not a mistranscription for آمِن.]) And آمِنُ الحِلْمِ means Steadfast in forbearance or clemency; of whose becoming disordered in temper, and free from self-restraint, there is no fear. (M.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ, in three places: b3: and see اَمِنٌ.

A2: See also أَمِينٌ, in two places.

آمِينَ [in the CK, erroneously, آمِينُ] and ↓ أَمِينَ; (Th, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) both chaste and well known, (TA,) the latter of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Msb, TA,) as some say, (TA,) [and this, though the less common, is the original form, for] the medd in the former is only to give fulness of sound to the fet-hah of the أ, (Th, M, Msb, TA,) as is shown by the fact that there is no word in the Arabic language of the measure فَاعِيلٌ; (Msb, TA;) and some pronounce the former آمِّينَ, (K,) which is said by some of the learned to be a dial. var., (Msb,) but this is a mistake, (S, Msb,) accord. to authorities of good repute, and is one of old date, originating from an assertion of Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, [i. e. Th,] that آمِينَ is like عَاصِينَ, by which he was falsely supposed to mean its having the form of a pl., [and being consequently آمِّينَ,] (Msb, [and part of this is said in the M,]) whereas he thereby only meant that the م is without teshdeed, like the ص in عَاصِينَ; (M;) beside that the sense of قَاصِدِينَ [which is that of آمِّينَ, from أَمَّ,] would be inconsistent after the last phrase of the first chapter of the Kur [where آمينَ is usually added]; (Msb;) and sometimes it is pronounced with imáleh, [i. e. “émeena,”] as is said by ElWáhidee in the Beseet; (K;) but this is unknown in works on lexicology, and is said to be a mispronunciation of some of the Arabs of the desert of El-Yemen: (MF:) each form is indecl., (S,) with fet-h for its termination, like أَيْنَ and كَيْفَ, to prevent the occurrence of two quiescent letters together: (T, S, TA:) it is a word used immediately after a prayer, or supplication: (S, * M:) [it is best expressed, when occurring in a translation, by the familiar Hebrew equivalent Amen:] El-Fárisee says that it is a compound of a verb and a noun; (M;) meaning answer Thou me; [i. e. answer Thou my prayer;] (M, Mgh;*) or O God, answer Thou: (Zj, T, Msb, K:) or so be it: (AHát, S, Msb, K:) or so do Thou, (K, TA,) O Lord: (TA:) it is strangely asserted by some of the learned, that, after the Fátihah, [or Opening Chapter of the Kur-án,] it is a prayer which implies all that is prayed for in detail in the Fátihah: so in the Towsheeh: (MF:) or it is one of the names of God: (M, Msb, K:) so says El-Hasan (M, Msb) El-Basree: (Msb:) but the assertion that it is for يَا اَللّٰهُ [O God], and that اسْتَجِبٌ [answer Thou] is meant to be understood, is not correct accord. to the lexicologists; for, were it so, it would be with refa, not nasb. (T.) إِيمَانٌ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: Used as a simple subst., Belief; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faith: trust, or confidence: &c.] b3: Sometimes it means Prayer; syn. صَلَاةٌ: as in the Kur [ii. 138], where it is said, وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيَمانَكُمْ, (Bd, Jel, TA,) i. e. [God will not make to be lost] your prayer towards Jerusalem, (Bd, * Jel,) as some explain it. (Bd.) b4: Sometimes, also, it is used as meaning The law brought by the Prophet. (Er-Rághib, TA.) مَأْمَنٌ A place of security or safety or freedom from fear; or where one feels secure. (M, TA.) مُؤْمَنٌ pass. part. n. of آمَنَهُ. (T.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 96], accord. to one reading, (T, M,) that of Aboo-Jaafar El-Medenee, (T,) لَسْتَ مُؤْمَنًا [Thou art not granted security, or safety, &c.; or] we will not grant thee security, &c. (T, M.) مُؤْمِنٌ [act. part. n. of 4; Rendering secure, &c.]. المُؤْمِنُ is an epithet applied to God; meaning He who rendereth mankind secure from his wronging them: (T, S:) or He who rendereth his servants secure from his punishment: (M, IAth:) i. q. المُهَيْمِنُ, (M,) which is originally المُؤَأْمِنُ; [for the form مُفْعِلٌ is originally مُؤَفْعِلٌ;] the second ء being softened, and changed into ى, and the first being changed into ه: (S:) or the Believer of his servants (Th, M, TA) the Muslims, on the day of resurrection, when the nations shall be interrogated respecting the messages of their apostles: (TA:) or He who will faithfully perform to his servants what He hath promised them: (T, TA:) or He who hath declared in his word the truth of his unity. (T.) b2: [Also Believing, or a believer; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faithful: trusting, or confiding: &c.: see 4.]

مَأْمُونٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in three places. b2: مَأْمُونَةٌ A woman whose like is sought after and eagerly retained because of her valuable qualities. (M.) مَأْمُونِيَّةٌ A certain kind of food; so called in relation to El-Ma-moon. (TA.) مُؤْتَمَنٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in two places.

مَدينَةُ يَثْرِبَ:
قال المنجمون: طول المدينة من جهة المغرب ستون درجة ونصف، وعرضها عشرون درجة، وهي في الإقليم الثاني، وهي مدينة الرسول، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، نبدأ أولا بصفتها مجملا ثم نفصّل، أما قدرها فهي في مقدار نصف مكة، وهي في حرّة سبخة الأرض ولها نخيل كثيرة ومياه، ونخيلهم وزروعهم تسقى من الآبار عليها العبيد، وللمدينة سور والمسجد في نحو وسطها، وقبر النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، في شرقي المسجد وهو بيت مرتفع ليس بينه وبين سقف المسجد إلا فرجة وهو مسدود لا باب له وفيه قبر النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وقبر أبي بكر وقبر عمر، والمنبر الذي كان يخطب عليه رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، قد غشي بمنبر آخر والروضة أمام المنبر بينه وبين القبر ومصلّى النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، الذي كان يصلّي فيه الأعياد في غربي المدينة داخل الباب وبقيع الغرقد خارج المدينة من شرقيّها وقباء خارج المدينة على نحو ميلين إلى ما يلي القبلة، وهي شبيهة بالقرية، وأحد جبل في شمال المدينة، وهو أقرب الجبال إليها مقدار فرسخين، وبقربها مزارع فيها نخيل وضياع لأهل المدينة، ووادي العقيق فيما بينها وبين الفرع، والفرع من المدينة على أربعة أيام في جنوبيّها، وبها مسجد جامع، غير أن أكثر هذه الضياع خراب وكذلك حوالي المدينة ضياع كثيرة أكثرها خراب وأعذب مياه تلك الناحية آبار العقيق، ذكر ابن طاهر بإسناده إلى محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري قال: المديني هو الذي أقام بالمدينة ولم يفارقها، والمدني الذي تحول عنها وكان منها، والمشهور عندنا أن النسبة إلى مدينة الرسول مدنيّ مطلقا وإلى غيرها من المدن مدينيّ للفرق لا لعلة أخرى، وربما ردّه بعضهم إلى الأصل فنسب إلى مدينة الرسول أيضا مدينيّ، وقال
الليث: المدينة اسم لمدينة رسول الله خاصة والنسبة للإنسان مدنيّ، فأما العير ونحوه فلا يقال إلا مدينيّ، وعلى هذه الصيغة ينسب أبو الحسن علي بن عبد الله بن جعفر بن نجيح السعدي المعروف بابن المديني، كان أصله من المدينة ونزل البصرة وكان من أعلم أهل زمانه بعلل حديث رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، والمقدّم في حفّاظ وقته، روى عن سفيان بن عيينة وحمّاد بن زيد وكتب عن الشافعي كتاب الرسالة وحملها إلى عبد الرحمن بن مهدي وسمع منه ومن جرير بن عبد الحميد وعبد العزيز الدراوردي وغيرهم من الأئمة، روى عنه أحمد بن حنبل ومحمد بن سعيد البخاري وأحمد بن منصور الرّمادي ومحمد بن يحيى الذّهلي وأبو أحمد المرئيّ وغيرهم من الأئمة، وقال البخاري: ما انتفعت عند أحد إلا عند علي بن المديني، وكان مولده سنة 161 بالبصرة، ومات بسامرّا وقيل بالبصرة ليومين بقيا من ذي القعدة سنة 234، ولهذه المدينة تسعة وعشرون اسما، وهي: المدينة، وطيبة، وطابة، والمسكينة، والعذراء، والجابرة، والمحببة، والمحببة، والمحبورة، ويثرب، والناجية، والموفية، وأكّالة البلدان، والمباركة، والمحفوفة، والمسلمة، والمجنة، والقدسية، والعاصمة، والمرزوقة، والشافية، والخيرة، والمحبوبة، والمرحومة، وجابرة، والمختارة، والمحرمة، والقاصمة، وطبابا، وروي في قول النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم: رب أدخلني مدخل صدق وأخرجني مخرج صدق، قالوا: المدينة ومكة، وكان على المدينة وتهامة في الجاهلية عامل من قبل مرزبان الزارة يجبي خراجها وكانت قريظة والنضير اليهود ملوكا حتى أخرجهم منها الأوس والخزرج من الأنصار، كما ذكرناه في مأرب، وكانت الأنصار قبل تؤدي خراجا إلى اليهود، ولذلك قال بعضهم:
نؤدي الخرج بعد خراج كسرى ... وخرج بني قريظة والنضير
وروى أبو هريرة قال: قال رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: من صبر على أوار المدينة وحرّها كنت له يوم القيامة شفيعا شهيدا، وقال، صلى الله عليه وسلم، حين توجّه إلى الهجرة: اللهم إنك قد أخرجتني من أحبّ أرضك إليّ فأنزلني أحب أرض إليك، فأنزله المدينة، فلما نزلها قال: اللهم اجعل لنا بها قرارا ورزقا واسعا، وقال، عليه الصلاة والسلام:
من استطاع منكم أن يموت في المدينة فليفعل فإنه من مات بها كنت له شهيدا أو شفيعا يوم القيامة، وعن عبد الله بن الطّفيل: لما قدم رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، المدينة وثب على أصحابه وباء شديد حتى أهمدتهم الحمّى فما كان يصلي مع رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، إلا اليسير فدعا لهم وقال:
اللهم حبّب إلينا المدينة كما حببت إلينا مكة واجعل ما كان بها من وباء بخمّ، وفي خبر آخر: اللهم حبّب إلينا المدينة كما حببت إلينا مكة وأشدّ وصححها وبارك لنا في صاعها ومدّها وانقل حمّاها إلى الجحفة، وقد كان همّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أن ينتقل إلى الحمى لصحته، وقال: نعم المنزل الحمى لولا كثرة حيّاته، وذكر العرض وناحيته فهمّ به وقال: هو أصح من المدينة، وروي عنه، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أنه قال عن بيوت السّقيا: اللهم إن إبراهيم عبدك وخليلك ونبيك ورسولك دعاك لأهل مكة وإن محمدا عبدك ونبيك ورسولك يدعوك لأهل المدينة بمثل ما دعاك إبراهيم أن تبارك في صاعهم ومدهم وثمارهم، اللهم حبب إلينا المدينة كما حببت إلينا مكة واجعل ما بها من وباء بخمّ، اللهم إني قد
حرّمت ما بين لابتيها كما حرّم إبراهيم خليلك، وحرّم رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، شجر المدينة بريدا في بريد من كل ناحية ورخّص في الهش وفي متاع الناضح ونهى عن الخبط وأن يعضد ويهصر، وكان أول من زرع بالمدينة واتخذ بها النخل وعمّر بها الدور والآطام واتخذ بها الضياع العماليق وهم بنو عملاق بن أرفخشد بن سام بن نوح، عليه السّلام، وقيل في نسبهم غير ذلك مما ذكر في هذا الكتاب، ونزلت اليهود بعدهم الحجاز وكانت العماليق ممن انبسط في البلاد فأخذوا ما بين البحرين وعمان والحجاز كلّه إلى الشام ومصر، فجبابرة الشام وفراعنة مصر منهم، وكان منهم بالبحرين وعمان أمّة يسمون جاسم، وكان ساكنو المدينة منهم بنو هفّ وسعد ابن هفّان وبنو مطرويل، وكان بنجد منهم بنو بديل بن راحل وأهل تيماء ونواحيها، وكان ملك الحجاز الأرقم بن أبي الأرقم، وكان سبب نزول اليهود بالمدينة وأعراضها أن موسى بن عمران، عليه السلام، بعث إلى الكنعانيّين حين أظهره الله تعالى على فرعون فوطئ الشام وأهلك من كان بها منهم ثم بعث بــعثا آخر إلى الحجاز إلى العماليق وأمرهم أن لا يستبقوا أحدا ممن بلغ الحلم إلا من دخل في دينه، فقدموا عليهم فقاتلوهم فأظهرهم الله عليهم فقتلوهم وقتلوا ملكهم الأرقم وأسروا ابنا له شابّا جميلا كأحسن من رأى في زمانه فضنّوا به عن القتل وقالوا:
نستحييه حتى نقدم به على موسى فيرى فيه رأيه، فأقبلوا وهو معهم وقبض الله موسى قبل قدومهم فلما قربوا وسمع بنو إسرائيل بذلك تلقوهم وسألوهم عن أخبارهم فأخبروهم بما فتح الله عليهم، قالوا: فما هذا الفتى الذي معكم؟ فأخبروهم بقصته، فقالوا: إن هذه معصية منكم لمخالفتكم أمر نبيكم، والله لا دخلتم علينا بلادنا أبدا، فحالوا بينهم وبين الشام، فقال ذلك الجيش: ما بلد إذ منعتم بلدكم خير لكم من البلد الذي فتحتموه وقتلتم أهله فارجعوا إليه، فعادوا إليها فأقاموا بها فهذا كان أول سكنى اليهود الحجاز والمدينة، ثم لحق بهم بعد ذلك بنو الكاهن بن هارون، عليه السلام، فكانت لهم الأموال والضياع بالسافلة، والسافلة ما كان في أسفل المدينة إلى أحد، وقبر حمزة والعالية ما كان فوق المدينة إلى أحد، وقبر حمزة والعالية ما كان فوق المدينة إلى مسجد قباء وما إلى ذلك إلى مطلع الشمس، فزعمت بنو قريظة أنهم مكثوا كذلك زمانا ثم إن الروم ظهروا على الشام فقتلوا من بني إسرائيل خلقا كثيرا فخرج بنو قريظة والنضير وهدل هاربين من الشام يريدون الحجاز الذي فيه بنو إسرائيل ليسكنوا معهم، فلما فصلوا من الشام وجّه ملك الروم في طلبهم من يردّهم فأعجزوا رسله وفآتوهم وانتهى الروم إلى ثمد بين الشام والحجاز فماتوا عنده عطشا فسمي ذلك الموضع ثمد الروم فهو معروف بذلك إلى اليوم، وذكر بعض علماء الحجاز من اليهود أن سبب نزولهم المدينة أن ملك الروم حين ظهر على بني إسرائيل وملك الشام خطب إلى بني هارون وفي دينهم أن لا يزوّجوا النصارى فخافوه وأنعموا له وسألوه أن يشرّفهم بإتيانه، فأتاهم ففتكوا به وبمن معه ثم هربوا حتى لحقوا بالحجاز وأقاموا بها، وقال آخرون: بل علماؤهم كانوا يجدون في التوراة صفة النبيّ، صلى الله عليه وسلّم، وأنه يهاجر إلى بلد فيه نخل بين حرّتين، فأقبلوا من الشام يطلبون الصفة حرصا منهم على اتباعه، فلما رأوا تيماء وفيها النخل عرفوا صفته وقالوا:
هو البلد الذي نريده، فنزلوا وكانوا أهله حتى أتاهم تبّع فأنزل معهم بني عمرو بن عوف، والله أعلم أيّ ذلك كان، قالوا: فلما كان من سيل العرم ما كان،
كما ذكرناه في مأرب، قال عمرو بن عوف: من كان منكم يريد الراسيات في الوحل، المطعمات في المحل، المدركات بالدّخل، فليلحق بيثرب ذات النخل، وكان الذين اختاروها وسكنوها الأنصار وهم الأوس والخزرج ابنا حارثة بن ثعلبة بن عمرو بن عامر بن حارثة بن امرئ القيس بن ثعلبة بن مازن بن الأزد وأمهم في قول ابن الكلبي قيلة بنت الأرقم بن عمرو ابن جفنة، ويقال: قيلة بنت هالك بن عذرة من قضاعة، وقال غيره: قيلة بنت كاهل بن عذرة بن سعد بن زيد بن ليث بن سود بن أسلم بن الحاف بن قضاعة ولذلك سمي بنو قيلة فأقاموا في مكانهم على جهد وضنك من العيش، وكان ملك بني إسرائيل يقال له الفيطوان، وفي كتاب ابن الكلبي: الفطيون، بكسر الفاء والياء بعد الطاء، وكانت اليهود والأوس والخزرج يدينون له، وكانت له فيهم سنّة الّا تزوّج امرأة منهم إلا أدخلت عليه قبل زوجها حتى يكون هو الذي يفتضّها إلى أن زوّجت أخت لمالك بن العجلان بن زيد السالمي الخزرجي، فلما كانت الليلة التي تهدى فيها إلى زوجها خرجت على مجلس قومها كاشفة عن ساقيها وأخوها مالك في المجلس، فقال لها: قد جئت بسوءة بخروجك على قومك وقد كشفت عن ساقيك، قالت: الذي يراد بي الليلة أعظم من ذلك لأنني أدخل على غير زوجي، ثم دخلت إلى منزلها فدخل إليها أخوها وقد أرمضه قولها فقال لها: هل عندك من خير؟ قالت: نعم، فماذا؟ قال: أدخل معك في جملة النساء على الفطيون فإذا خرجن من عندك ودخل عليك ضربته بالسيف حتى يبرد، قالت: افعل، فتزيّا بزيّ النساء وراح معها فلما خرج النساء من عندها دخل الفطيون عليها فشدّ عليه مالك بن العجلان بالسيف وضربه حتى قتله وخرج هاربا حتى قدم الشام فدخل على ملك من ملوك غسّان يقال له أبو جبيلة، وفي بعض الروايات أنه قصد اليمن إلى تبّع الأصغر ابن حسّان فشكا إليه ما كان من الفطيون وما كان يعمل في نسائهم وذكر له أنه قتله وهرب وأنه لا يستطيع الرجوع خوفا من اليهود، فعاهده أبو جبيلة أن لا يقرب امرأة ولا يمسّ طيبا ولا يشرب خمرا حتى يسير إلى المدينة ويذلّ من بها من اليهود، وأقبل سائرا من الشام في جمع كثير مظهرا أنه يريد اليمن حتى قدم المدينة ونزل بذي حرض ثم أرسل إلى الأوس والخزرج أنه على المكر باليهود عازم على قتل رؤسائهم وأنه يخشى متى علموا بذلك أن يتحصّنوا في آطامهم وأمرهم بكتمان ما أسرّه إليهم ثم أرسل إلى وجوه اليهود أن يحضروا طعامه ليحسن إليهم ويصلهم، فأتاه وجوههم وأشرافهم ومع كل واحد منهم خاصّته وحشمه، فلما تكاملوا أدخلهم في خيامه ثم قتلهم عن آخرهم فصارت الأوس والخزرج من يومئذ أعزّ أهل المدينة وقمعوا اليهود وسار ذكرهم وصار لهم الأموال والآطام، فقال الرّمق بن زيد بن غنم بن سالم بن مالك بن سالم ابن عوف بن الخزرج يمدح أبا جبيلة:
لم يقض دينك مل حسا ... ن وقد غنيت وقد غنينا
الراشقات المرشقا ... ت الجازيات بما جزينا
أشباه غزلان الصّرا ... ثم يأتزرن ويرتدينا
الرّيط والديباج وال ... حلي المضاعف والبرينا
وأبو جبيلة خير من ... يمشي وأوفاهم يمينا
وأبرّهم برّا وأع ... لمهم بفضل الصالحينا
أبقت لنا الأيام وال ... حرب المهمّة يعترينا
كبشا له زرّ يف ... لّ متونها الذّكر السّنينا
ومعاقلا شمّا وأس ... يافا يقمن وينحنينا
ومحلّة زوراء تج ... حف بالرجال الظالمينا
ولعنت اليهود مالك بن العجلان في كنائسهم وبيوت عبادتهم، فبلغه ذلك فقال:
تحايا اليهود بتلعانها ... تحايا الحمير بأبوالها
وماذا عليّ بأن يغضبوا ... وتأتي المنايا باذلالها!
وقالت سارة القرظية ترثي من قتل من قومها:
بأهلي رمّة لم تغن شيئا ... بذي حرض تعفّيها الرياح
كهول من قريظة أتلفتهم ... سيوف الخزرجية والرماح
ولو أذنوا بأمرهم لحالت ... هنالك دونهم حرب رداح
ثم انصرف أبو جبيلة راجعا إلى الشام وقد ذلّل الحجاز والمدينة للأوس والخزرج فعندها تفرّقوا في عالية المدينة وسافلتها فكان منهم من جاء إلى القرى العامرة فأقام مع أهلها قاهرا لهم، ومنهم من جاء إلى عفا من الأرض لا ساكن فيه فبنى فيه ونزل ثم اتخذوا بعد ذلك القصور والأموال والآطام، فلما قدم رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، من مكة إلى المدينة مهاجرا أقطع الناس الدور والرباع فخطّ لبني زهرة في ناحية من مؤخر المسجد فكان لعبد الرحمن ابن عوف الحصن المعروف به وجعل لعبد الله وعتبة ابني مسعود الهذليّين الخطّة المشهورة بهم عند المسجد وأقطع الزبير بن العوّام بقيعا واسعا وجعل لطلحة بن عبيد الله موضع دوره ولأبي بكر، رضي الله عنه، موضع داره عند المسجد، وأقطع كل واحد من عثمان بن عفّان وخالد بن الوليد والمقداد وعبيد والطفيل وغيرهم مواضع دورهم، فكان رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، يقطع أصحابه هذه القطائع فما كان في عفا من الأرض فإنه أقطعهم إياه وما كان من الخطط المسكونة العامرة فإن الأنصار وهبوه له فكان يقطع من ذلك ما شاء، وكان أول من وهب له خططه ومنازله حارثة بن النعمان فوهب له ذلك وأقطعه، وأما مسجد النبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فقال ابن عمر: كان بناء المسجد على عهد رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وسقفه جريد وعمده خشب النخل فلم يزد فيه أبو بكر شيئا فزاد فيه عمر وبناه على ما كان من بنائه ثم غيّره عثمان وبناه بالحجارة المنقوشة والقصّة وجعل عمده من حجارة منقوشة وسقفه ساجا وزاد فيه. وكان لما بناه رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، جعل له بابين شارعين باب عائشة والباب الذي يقال له باب عاتكة وبابا في مؤخر المسجد يقال له باب مليكة وبنى بيوتا إلى جنبه باللبن وسقفها بجذوع النخل، وكان طول المسجد مما يلي القبلة إلى مؤخره مائة ذراع، فلما ولي عمر بن عبد العزيز زاد في القبلة من موضع المقصورة اليوم، وكان بين المنبر وبين الجدار في عهد النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، قدر ما تمرّ الشاة، وكان طول المسجد في عهد عمر، رضي الله عنه، مائة وأربعين ذراعا وارتفاعه أحد عشر ذراعا، وكان بنى أساسه بالحجارة إلى أن بلغ قامة وجعل له ستة أبواب وحصّنه، وروي أن عمر أول من حصّن المسجد وبناه سنة 17 حين رجع من سرع وجعل طول جداره من خارج ستة عشر ذراعا، وكان أول عمل عثمان إياه في شهر ربيع الأول سنة 29 وفرغ من بنائه في المحرم سنة 30 فكانت مدة عمله عشرة أشهر وقتل عثمان وليس له شرّافات فعملها والمحراب عمر بن عبد العزيز، ولما ولي الوليد بن عبد الملك واستعمل عمر بن عبد العزيز على المدينة أمره بهدم المسجد وبنائه فاستعمل عمر على ذلك صالح بن كيسان وكتب الوليد إلى ملك الروم يطلب منه عمّالا وأعلمه أنه يريد عمارة مسجد النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فبعث إليه أربعين رجلا من الروم وأربعين من القفط ووجّه إليه أربعين ألف مثقال ذهبا وأحمالا من الفسيفساء، فهدم الروم والقفط المسجد وخمّروا النورة للفسيفساء سنة وحملوا القصّة من بطن نخل وعملوا الأساس بالحجارة والجدار والأساطين بالحجارة المطابقة وجعلوا عمد المسجد حجارة حشوها عمد الحديد والرصاص، وجعل عمر المحراب والمقصورة من ساج وكان قبل ذلك من حجارة وجعل طول المسجد مائتي ذراع وعرضه في مقدمه مائتين وفي مؤخره مائة وثمانين وهو سقف دون سقف، قال صالح بن كيسان: ابتدأت بهدم المسجد في صفر سنة 87 وفرغت منه لانسلاخ سنة 89 فكانت مدة عمله ثلاث سنين، وكان طوله يومئذ مائتي ذراع في مثلها فلم يزل كذلك حتى كان المهدي فزاد في مؤخره مائة ذراع وترك عرضه مائتي ذراع على ما بناه عمر بن عبد العزيز، وأما عبد الملك بن شبيب الغساني في سنة 160 فأخذ في عمله وزاد في مؤخره ثم زاد فيه المأمون زيادة كثيرة ووسّعه، وقرئ على موضع زيادة المأمون: أمر عبد الله بعمارة مسجد رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، سنة 202 طلب ثواب الله وطلب كرامة الله وطلب جزاء الله فإن الله عنده ثواب الدنيا والآخرة وكان الله سميعا بصيرا، والمؤذنون في مسجد المدينة من ولد سعد الفرط مولى عمّار بن ياسر، ومن خصائص المدينة أنها طيبة الريح وللعطر فيها فضل رائحة لا توجد في غيرها وتمرها الصّيحاني لا يوجد في بلد من البلدان مثله، ولهم حب اللبان ومنها يحمل إلى سائر البلدان، وجبلها أحد قد فضّله رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فقال: أحد جبل يحبنا ونحبه وهو على باب من أبواب الجنة، وحرّم رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، شجر المدينة بريدا في بريد من كل ناحية، واستعمل على الحمى بلال بن الحارث المزني فأقام عليه حياة رسول الله وأبي بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي ومعاوية وفي أيامه مات، وكان عمر بن عبد العزيز يقول: لأن أوتى برجل يحمل خمرا أحب إليّ من أن أوتى به وقد قطع من الحرم شيئا، وكان عمر بن الخطاب ينهى أن يقطع العضاه فتهلك مواشي الناس وهو يقول لهم عصمة، وأخبار مدينة رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، كثيرة وقد صنف فيها وفي عقيقها وأعراضها وجبالها كتب ليس من شرطنا ذكرها إلا على ترتيب الحروف وقد فعلنا ذلك، وفيما ذكرناه مما يخصها كفاية، والله يحسن لنا العافية ولا يحرمنا ثواب حسن النية في الإفادة والاستفادة بحق محمد وآله، وأما المسافات فإن من المدينة إلى مكة نحو عشر مراحل، ومن الكوفة إلى المدينة نحو عشرين مرحلة، وطريق البصرة إلى المدينة نحو من ثماني عشرة مرحلة ويلتقي مع طريق الكوفة بقرب
معدن النقرة، ومن الرّقّة إلى المدينة نحو من عشرين مرحلة، ومن البحرين إلى المدينة نحو خمس عشرة مرحلة، ومن دمشق إلى المدينة نحو عشرين مرحلة ومثله من فلسطين إلى المدينة على طريق الساحل، ولأهل مصر وفلسطين إذا جاوزوا مدين طريقان إلى المدينة أحدهما على شغب وبدا وهما قريتان بالبادية كان بنو مروان أقطعوهما الزهريّ المحدّث وبها قبره، حتى ينتهي إلى المدينة على المروة، وطريق يمضي على ساحل البحر حتى يخرج بالجحفة فيجتمع بهما طريق أهل العراق وفلسطين ومصر.

حَضْرَمَوْت:
بالفتح ثم السكون، وفتح الراء والميم:
اسمان مركبان، طولها إحدى وسبعون درجة، وعرضها اثنتا عشرة درجة، فأما إعرابها فإن شئت بنيت الاسم الأول على الفتح وأعربت الثاني بإعراب ما لا ينصرف فقلت: هذا حضرموت، وإن شئت رفعت الأول في حال الرفع وجررته ونصبته على حسب العوامل وأضفته على الثاني فقلت: هذا حضرموت، أعربت حضرا وخفضت موتا، ولك أن تعرب الأول وتخير في الثاني بين الصرف وتركه، ومنهم من يضم ميمه فيخرجه مخرج عنكبوت، [1] في رواية اخرى: صابت بدل صبت، ومن فوقه بدل شديدة.
وكذلك القول في سرّ من رأى ورامهرمز، والنسبة إليه حضرميّ، والتصغير حضيرموت تصغير الصدر منهما، وكذلك الجمع، يقال: فلان من الحضارمة مثل المهالبة، وقيل: سميت بحاضر ميّت وهو أول من نزلها، ثم خفف بإسقاط الألف، قال ابن الكلبي: اسم حضرموت في التوراة حاضر ميت، وقيل: سميت بحضرموت بن يقطن بن عامر بن شالخ، وقيل: اسم حضرموت عمرو بن قيس بن معاوية بن جشم بن عبد شمس بن وائلة بن الغوث بن قطن بن عريب ابن زهير بن أيمن بن الهميسع بن حمير بن سبأ، وقيل:
حضرموت اسمه عامر بن قحطان وإنما سمي حضرموت لأنه كان إذا حضر حربا أكثر فيها من القتل فلقب بذلك، ثم سكّنت الضاد للتخفيف، وقال أبو عبيدة: حضرموت بن قحطان نزل هذا المكان فسمي به، فهو اسم موضع واسم قبيلة. وحضرموت:
ناحية واسعة في شرقي عدن بقرب البحر، وحولها رمال كثيرة تعرف بالأحقاف، وبها قبر هود، عليه السلام، ويقربها بئر برهوت المذكورة فيما تقدم، ولها مدينتان يقال لإحداهما تريم وللأخرى شبام، وعندها قلاع وقرى، وقال ابن الفقيه: حضرموت مخلاف من اليمن بينه وبين البحر رمال، وبينه وبين مخلاف صداء ثلاثون فرسخا، وبين حضرموت وصنعاء اثنان وسبعون فرسخا، وقيل: مسيرة أحد عشر يوما، وقال الإصطخري: بين حضرموت وعدن مسيرة شهر، وقال عمرو بن معدي كرب:
والأشعث الكنديّ، حين إذ سما لنا ... من حضرموت، مجنّب الذكران
قاد الجياد، علىّ وجاها أشريا، ... قبّ البطون نواحل الأبدان
وقال عليّ بن محمد الصليحي الخارج باليمن:
وألذّ من قرع المثاني عنده، ... في الحرب، ألجم يا غلام وأسرج
خيل بأقصى حضرموت أسدها، ... وزئيرها بين العراق ومنبج
وأما فتحها: فإن رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، كان قد راس أهلها فيمن راسل فدخلوا في طاعته وقدم عليه الأشعث بن قيس في بضعة عشر راكبا مسلما، فأكرمه رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلما أراد الانصراف سأل رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، أن يولي عليهم رجلا منهم، فولى عليهم زياد ابن لبيد البياضي الأنصاري وضم إليه كندة، فبقي على ذلك إلى أن مات رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فارتدّت بنو وليعة بن شرحبيل بن معاوية، وكان من حديثه أن أبا بكر، رضي الله عنه، كتب إلى زياد بن لبيد يخبره بوفاة النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ويأمره بأخذ البيعة على من قبله من أهل حضرموت، فقام فيهم زياد خطيبا وعرّفهم موت النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ودعاهم إلى بيعة أبي بكر، فامتنع الأشعث بن قيس من البيعة واعتزل في كثير من كندة وبايع زيادا خلق آخرون وانصرف إلى منزله وبكر لأخذ الصدقة كما كان يفعل، فأخذ فيما أخذ قلوصا من فتى من كندة، فصيّح الفتى وضجّ واستغاث بحارثة بن سراقة بن معدي كرب بن وليعة ابن شرحبيل بن معاوية بن حجر القرد بن الحارث:
الولّادة يا أبا معدي كرب! عقلت ابنة المهرة، فأتى حارثة إلى زياد فقال: أطلق للغلام بكرته، فأبى وقال: قد عقلتها ووسمتها بميسم السلطان، فقال حارثة: أطلقها أيها الرجل طائعا قبل أن تطلقها وأنت كاره! فقال زياد: لا والله لا أطلقها ولا نعمة عين! فقام حارثة فحلّ عقالها وضرب على جنبها
فخرجت القلوص تعدو إلى ألّافها، فجعل حارثة يقول:
يمنعها شيخ بخدّيه الشيب ... ملمّع كما يلمّع الثوب
ماض على الرّيب إذا كان الريب
فنهض زياد وصاح بأصحابه المسلمين ودعاهم إلى نصرة الله وكتابه، فانحازت طائفة من المسلمين إلى زياد وجعل من ارتدّ ينحاز إلى حارثة، فجعل حارثة يقول:
أطعنا رسول الله ما دام بيننا، ... فيا قوم ما شأني وشأن أبي بكر؟
أيورثها بكرا، إذا مات، بعده، ... فتلك، لعمر الله، قاصمة الظهر!
فكان زياد يقاتلهم نهارا إلى الليل، وجاءه عبد له فأخبره أن ملوكهم الأربعة، وهم: مخوس ومشرح وجمد وأبضعة وأختهم العمرّدة بنو معدي كرب ابن وليعة في محجرهم قد ثملوا من الشراب، فكبسهم وأخذهم وذبحهم ذبحا، وقال زياد:
نحن قتلنا الأملاك الأربعة: ... جمدا ومخوسا ومشرحا وأبضعه
وسمّوا ملوكا لأنه كان لكلّ واحد منهم واد يملكه، قال: وأقبل زياد بالسبي والأموال فمرّ على الأشعث بن قيس وقومه فصرخ النساء والصبيان، فحمي الأشعث أنفا وخرج في جماعة من قومه فعرض لزياد ومن معه وأصيب ناس من المسلمين وانهزموا، فاجتمعت عظماء كندة على الأشعث فلما رأى ذلك زياد كتب إلى أبي بكر يستمدّه، فكتب أبو بكر إلى المهاجر بن أبي أمية، وكان واليا على صنعاء قبل قتل الأسود العنسي، فأمره بإنجاده، فلقيا الأشعث ففضّا جموعه وقتلا منهم مقتلة كبيرة، فلجؤوا إلى النّجير حصن لهم، فحصرهم المسلمون حتى أجهدوا، فطلب الأشعث الأمان لعدّة منهم معلومة هو أحدهم، فلقيه الجفشيش الكندي واسمه معدان بن الأسود بن معدي كرب، فأخذ بحقوه وقال: اجعلني من العدّة، فأدخله وأخرج نفسه ونزل إلى زياد بن لبيد والمهاجر فقبضا عليه وبــعثا به إلى أبي بكر، رضي الله عنه، أسيرا في سنة 12، فجعل يكلم أبا بكر وأبو بكر يقول له: فعلت وفعلت، فقال الأشعث: استبقني لحربك فو الله ما كفرت بعد إسلامي ولكني شححت على مالي فأطلقني وزوّجني أختك أمّ فروة فإني قد تبت مما صنعت ورجعت منه من منعي الصدقة، فمنّ عليه أبو بكر، رضي الله عنه، وزوّجه أخته أمّ فروة، ولما تزوّجها دخل السوق فلم يمرّ به جزور إلا كشف عن عرقوبها وأعطى ثمنها وأطعم الناس، وولدت له أمّ فروة محمدا وإسحاق وأمّ قريبة وحبّانة، ولم يزل بالمدينة إلى أن سار إلى العراق غازيا، ومات بالكوفة، وصلّى عليه الحسن بعد صلح معاوية.

ا

ى2 أَيَّا آيَةً, [inf. n., by rule, as below,] He put, or set, a sign, token, or mark, by which a person or thing might be known. (M.) A2: أَيَّا بِلإِبِلِ, (inf. n. تَأْييَةٌ, Lth, T,) He chid the camels, saying to them أَيَايَا, (Lth, T, M, and K in art. أَيَا,) or أَيَايَهْ, (M,) or يَايَا, (K,) or يَايَهْ. (M, K.) 5 تأيّا, as a trans. verb: see 6.

A2: He paused, stopped, stayed, remained, or tarried, (T, S, M, K, *) بِا لمَكَانِ in the place; (M, K; * [in the latter explained by تَلَبَّثَ عَلَيْهِ; but this seems to be a mistake, arising from the omission of part of a passage in the M, (one of the chief sources of the K,) running thus; تَأَيَّا بِا لمَكَانِ تَلَبَّثَ وَتَمَكَّثَ وَتَأَيَّا عَلَيْهِ انْصَرَفَ فِى تُؤَدَةٍ;]) and confined, restricted, limited, restrained, or withheld, himself. (T.) In the sense of its inf. n., [by rule تَأَىّ, originally تَأَيُّىٌ,] they said ↓ تَأَيَّةٌ, or تَإِيَّةٌ or تَئِيَّةٌ; [thus differently written in different places in copies of the T and S;] as in the ex. لَيْسَ مَنْزِلُكُمْ بِدَارِ تَأَيَّةٍ or تَإِيَّةٍ, (IAar, T,) or لَيْسَ مَنْزِلُكُمْ هٰذَا بِمَنْزِلِ تَأَيَّةٍ or تَإِيَّةٍ, (S,) i. e. Your abode, or this your abode, is not an abode of tarriance and confinement. (IAar, T, S.) b2: He expected, or waited for, a thing: (Lth, T:) and he acted with moderation, gently, deliberately, or leisurely; without haste; or with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness; (Lth, T, K;) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair; inf. n. تَأىٍ. (Lth, T.) تَأَيَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ, in a verse of Lebeed, means I acted with moderation, &c., as above, and paused, stopped, stayed, remained, or tarried, upon him, i. e., upon my horse: (T:) or I remained firm upon him: (TA, as on the authority of Az:) but it is explained by Lth as meaning I turned away, or back, deliberately, or leisurely, upon him. (T: and the like is said in the M.) 6 تَآيَيْتُهُ, (T, S, M, * K,) and ↓ تَأَيَّيْتُهُ, (S, K,) I directed my course, or aim, to, or towards, (T, S, M, * K,) his آيَة, (S, M,) i. e., (M,) his شَخْص [or body, or corporeal form or figure or substance, seen from a distance; or person]. (T, M, K.) The following is an ex., as some relate it, of the former verb; and as others relate it, of the latter: اَلْحُصْنُ أَوْلَى لَوْ تَآيُيْتِهِ مِنْ حَثْيِكِ التُّرْبَ عَلَى الرَّاكِبِ [Modest behaviour were more proper, if thou directedst thy course towards his person, than thy throwing dust upon the rider]: (S, TA: [in two copies of the former of which, for أَوْلَى, I find أَدْنَى:]) said by a woman to her daughter, on the latter's relating, in a couplet, that a rider, passing along, had seen her, and she had thrown dust in his face, purposely. (IB.) أَىْ a vocative particle (حرف نداء)) , (S, M, Mughnee, K,) addressed to the near, (S, K,) not to the distant: (S:) or to the near, or the distant, or the intermediate; accord. to different authorities. (Mughnee.) You say, أَىْ زَيْدُ أَقْبِلْ [O Zeyd, advance: or, if it may be used in addressing one who is distant, ho there, soho, or holla: and if used in addressing one who is between near and distant, ho, or what ho]: (S:) and أَىْ رَبِّ [O my Lord]; occurring in a trad.: and sometimes it is pronounced ↓ آىْ. (Mughnee.) A2: Also an explicative particle. (S, M, Mughnee, K.) You say, أَىْ كَذَا in the sense of يُرِيدُ كَذَا [He means such a thing, or يَعْنِى كَذَا, which has the same signification; or أُرِيدُ, or أَعْنِى, I mean; or the like; for all of which, we may say, meaning; or that is]; (S;) as in عِنْدِى عَسْجِدٌ أَىْ ذَهَبٌ [I have عَسْجَد, that is, (I have) ذَهَبَ, or gold]. (Mughnee.) What follows it is an adjunct explicative of what precedes it, or a substitute. (Mughnee.) AA says that he asked Mbr respecting what follows it, and he answered that it may be a substitute for what precedes, and may be a word independent of what precedes it, and may be a noun in the accus. case: and that he asked Th, and he answered that it may be an explicative, or a word independent of what precedes it, or a noun governed in the accus. case by a verb suppressed: you say, جَآءَنِى أَخُوكَ أَىْ زَيْدٌ [Thy brother came to me; that is, Zeyd]; and you may say, أَىْ زَيْدًا [I mean Zeyd]: and رَأَيْتُ أَخَاكَ أَىْ زَيْدًا [I saw thy brother; I mean, or that is, Zeyd]; and you may say, أَىْ زَيْدٌ [that is, Zeyd]: and مَرَرْتُ بِأَخِيكَ أَىْ زَيْدٍ [I passed by thy brother; that is, by Zeyd]; and you may say, أَىْ زَيدًا [I mean, Zeyd]; and أَىْ زَيْدٌ [that is, Zeyd]. (T, TA.) When it occurs after تَقُولُ, in a case like the following, [i. e., when a verb following it explains a verb preceding it,] one says, تَقُولُ اِسْتَكْتَمْتُهُ الحَدِيثَ

أَىْ سَأَلْتُهُ كِتْمَانَهُ [Thou sayest, استكتمته الحديث, meaning سألته كتمانه I asked of him the concealment of it, namely, the discourse, or story; and so when تَقُولُ is understood, as is often, or generally, the case in lexicons]; with damm to the ت: but if you put إِذَا in the place of أَىْ, you say, إِذَا سَأَلْتَهُ, with fet-h, because أَذا is an adverbial noun relating to تَقُولُ. (Mughnee.) A3: See also أَىٌّ, near the beginning of the paragraph, in three places.

إِىْ is a particle denoting a reply, meaning نَعَمْ [Yes, or yea]; importing acknowledgment of the truth of an enunciation; and the making a thing known, to him who asks information; and a promise, to him who seeks or demands; therefore it occurs after such sayings as “Zeyd stood” and “Did Zeyd stand.?” and “Beat thou Zeyd,” and the like; as does نَعَمْ: Ibn-El-Hájib asserts that it occurs only after an interrogation; as in the saying [in the Kur x. 54], وَيَسْتَنْبِؤُنَكَ أَحَقٌّ هُوَ قُلٌ

إِ ىْ وَرَبِىّ [And they will ask thee to inform them, saying, Is it true? Say, Yea, by my Lord!]: but accord. to all, it does not occur otherwise than before an oath: and when one says, إِ ىْ وَاللّٰهِ [Yea, by God!], and then drops the و the ى may be quiescent, and with fet-h, and elided; [so that you say, إِ ىْ اللّٰهِ, and إِ ىَ اللّٰهِ, and إِ اللّٰهِ;] in the first of which cases, two quiescent letters occur together, irregularly. (Mughnee.) Lth says, إِ ىْ is an oath, as in إ ِىْ وَرَبِّى meaning, says Zj, نَعَمْ وَرَبِّى: IAar is also related to have said the like; and this is the correct explanation. (T.) [J says,] It is a word preceding an oath, meaning بَلَى [q. v.]; as in إِ ىْ وَرَبِّى and إِ ىْ وَاللّٰه. (S.) [ISd and F say,] It is syn. with نَعَمْ, and is conjoined with an oath: and one says also هِىْ. (M, K.) أَىٌّ is a noun, used in five different manners. (Mughnee.) One of its meanings is that of an interrogative, (T, S, M, Mughnee, K,) relating to intellectual beings and to non-intellectual things; [meaning Who? which? and what?] (S, M, K;) and as such, it is a decl. noun: (S:) it is said in the K to be a particle; (MF;) and so in the M; (TA;) but this is wrong: (MF:) and it is added in the K that it is indecl.; (MF;) and it is said to be so in the M, accord. to Sb, in an instance to be explained below; (TA;) but this is only when it is a conjunct noun [like الَّذِى], or denotes the object of a vocative: (MF:) or, accord. to some, it is decl. as a conjunct noun also. (Mughnee.) You say, أَيُّهُمْ أَخُوكَ [Who, or which, of them, is thy brother?]. (S.) Another ex. is the saying [in the Kur vii. 184, and last verse of lxxvii.], فَبِأَىِّ حَدِيثٍ بَعْدَهُ يُؤْمِنُونَ [And in what announcement, after it, will they believe?]. (Mughnee.) Sometimes it is without teshdeed; as in the saying (of El-Farezdak, M), ↓ تَنَظَّرْتُ نَصْرًا وَالسِّمَاكَيْنِ أَيْهُمَا عَلَىَّ مِنَ الغَيْثِ اسْتَهَلَّتْ مَوَاطِرُهْ [I looked for rain, or aid from the clouds, and the two Simáks (stars so called). Of which of them two did the rains pour vehemently upon me from the clouds?]: (M, Mughnee, K: * [in the last of which, only the former hemistich is given, with نَسْرًا (meaning the star or asterism so called) instead of نَصْرًا:]) so by poetic licence: (M:) IJ says that for this reason the poet has elided the second ى, but should have restored the first ى to و, because it is originally و. (TA. [But this assertion, respecting the first ى, I regard as improbable.]) ↓ أَيْمَ, also, is a contraction of أَىُّ مَا, meaning أَىُّ شَىْءٍ: so in the saying, أَيْمَ هُوَ يَا فُلَانُ [What thing is it, O such a one?]: and أَيْمَ تَقُولُ [What thing sayest thou?]. (TA in art. ايم.) In like manner, also, ↓ أَيْشَ is used as a contraction of أَىُّ شَىْءٍ. (Ks, TA in art. جرم.) A poet speaks of his companions as being بِأَىَ وَأَيْنَمَا; making أَىّ the name of the quarter (جِهَة); so that, being determinate and of the feminine gender, it is imperfectly declinable. (M. [See أَينٌ; under which head two other readings are given; and where it is said that the verse in which this occurs is by Homeyd Ibn-Thowr.]) أَىّ is never without a noun or pronoun to which it is prefixed, except in a vocative expression and when it is made to conform with a word to which it refers, as in cases to be exemplified hereafter. (Mughnee.) Being so prefixed, it is determinate; but sometimes, [as in the latter of the cases just mentioned,] it is not so prefixed, yet has the meaning of a prefixed noun. (S.) When used as an interrogative, it is not governed, as to the letter, though it is as to the meaning, by the verb that precedes it, but by what follows it; as in the saying in the Kur [xviii. 11], لِنَعْلَمَ أَىُّ الحِزْبَيْنِ

أَحْصَى [That we might know which of the two parties was able to compute]; and in the same [xxvi. last verse], وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذَينَ ظَلَمُوا أَىَ مُنْقَلَبٍ

يَنْقَلِبُونَ [And they who have acted wrongly shall know with what a translating they shall be translated]: (Fr, * Th, Mbr, T, S: *) when it is governed by the verb before it, it has not the interrogative meaning, as will be shown hereafter. (Fr, T.) In the saying of the poet, تَصِيحُ بِنَا حَنِيفَةُ إذْ رَأَتْنَا وَأَىَّ الأَرْضِ تَذْهَبُ لِلصِّيَاحِ [Haneefeh (the tribe so named) shout to us when they see us. And to what place of the earth, or land, will they go for the shouting?], أَىّ is in the accus. case because the prep. إِلَى is suppressed before it. (S.) When they separate it [from what follows it, not prefixing it to another noun], the Arabs say أَىٌ, and in the dual أَيَّانِ, and in the pl. أَيُّونَ; and they make it fem., saying أَيَّةٌ, and [in the dual] أَيَّتَانِ, and [in the pl.] أَيَّاتٌ: but when they prefix it to a noun, properly so called, not a pronoun, they make it sing. and masc., saying أَىُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ [Who, or which, of the two men?], and أَىُ المَرْأَتَيْنِ [Who, or which, of the two women?], and أَىُّ الّرِجَالِ [Who, or which, of the men?], and أَىُّ النِّسَآءِ [Who, or which, of the women?]: and when they prefix it to a fem. pronoun, they make it masc. [as when they prefix it to a masc. pronoun] and fem., saying أَيُّهُمَا and أَيَّتُهُمَا [Who, or which, of them two?], meaning women; (Fr, T;) [the latter of which seems to be the more common; for ISd says,] sometimes they said أَيُّهُنَّ [Who, or which, of them? referring to women], meaning أَيَّتُهُنَّ. (M.) It is said in the Kur [xxxi. last verse], وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرضٍ

تَمُوتُ [And a person knoweth not in what land he will die]: (S:) but some read بِأَيَّةِ أَرْضٍ; and Sb compares this fem. form to كُلَّتُهُنَّ. (Bd.) When it is used as an interrogative relating to an indeterminate noun in a preceding phrase, أَىّ is made to conform with that indeterminate noun in case-ending and in gender and in number; and this is done [alike, accord. to some,] in the case of its connexion with a following word and in the case of a pause; so that, [in the case of a pause,] to him who says, جَآءَنِى رَجُلٌ [A man came to me], you say, [accord. to the authorities alluded to above,] أَىٌّ [Who?]; and to him who says, رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا [I saw a man], أَيَّا [Whom?]; and to him who says, مَرَرْتُ بِرَجلٍ [I passed by a man], أَىٍّ

[Whom?]: and in like manner, [accord. to all authorities,] in the case of its connexion with a following word; as أَىُّ يَا فَتَى [Who, O young man?], and أَيَّا يَا فَتَى [Whom, O young man?], and أَىٍ يَا فَتَى [Whom, O young man?]: and in the case of the fem. you say, أَيَّةٌ and أَيَّةً and أَيَّةٍ

[in the nom. and accus. and gen. respectively]; and in the dual, أَيَّانِ and أَيَّتَانِ in the nom. case [masc. and fem. respectively], and أَيَّيْنِ and أَيَّتَيْنِ in the accus. and gen. cases [masc. and fem. respectively]; and in the pl., [with the like distinction of genders,] أَيُّونَ and أَيَّاتٌ in the nom. case, and أَيِّينَ and أَيَّاتٍ in the accus. and gen. cases. (I' Ak p. 319.) [Exs. in cases of pause, agreeing with the foregoing rules, are given in the T; and exs. in cases of connexion with following words, agreeing with the foregoing, are given in the Mughnee: but J gives rules differing from the foregoing in some respects; and IB gives rules differing in some points both from the foregoing and from those of J.] It is said in the S, أَىّ is made to conform with indeterminate nouns significant of intellectual beings and of nonintellectual things, and is used as an interrogative; and when it is thus used in reference to an indeterminate noun, you make it to have a caseending like that of the noun respecting which it demands positive information; so that when it is said to you, مَرَّبِى رَجُلٌ [A man passed by me], you say, أَىٌّ يَا فَتَى [Who, O young man?], thus giving it a case-ending [like that of رَجُلٌ] when it is in connexion with a following word; and you indicate the case-ending [by the pronunciation termed الرَّوْمُ, saying أَىُّ, with a somewhat obscure utterance of the final vowel,] in pausing; and if one says, رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا [I saw a man], you say, أَيَّا يَافَتَى [Whom, O young man?], giving it a case-ending [like that of رَجُلًا], with tenween, when it is [thus] in connexion with a following word; and you pause upon the ا, saying أَيَّا; and when one says, مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ [I passed by a man], you say, أَىٍّ يَافَتَى [Whom, O young man? in a case of connexion with a following word; and أَىِّ in a case of pausing]: you conform with what the other has said, in the nom. and accus. and gen. cases, in the case of connexion with a following word and in that of pausing: but IB says that this is correct only in the case of connexion with a following word; for in the case of a pause, you say only أَىّْ, in the nom. and gen., with sukoon; and you imitate in both of these cases only when you use the dual form or the pl.: it is added in the S, you say in the cases of the dual and pl. and fem. like as we have said respecting مَنْ: when one says, جَآءَنِى رِجَالٌ [Men came to me], you say, أَيُّونْ [Who?], with the ن quiescent; and أَيِينْ in the accus. and gen.: but IB says, the correct mode is to say, أَيُّونَ and أَيِّنَ, with fet-h to the ن in both; [meaning that this is the only allowable mode in the case of connexion with a following word, and app. that it is the preferable mode in the case of a pause;] the quiescent ن being allowable only in the case of a pause, and with respect to مَنْ, for you say مَنُونْ and مَنِينْ with the quiescent ن only: it is then added in the S, you say, also, أَيَّهْ [Who? and whom?] in using the fem. [in a case of pause]; but in a case of connexion with a following word, [when referring to a noun in the accus.,] you say, أَيَّةً

يَا هٰذَا [Whom, O thou? in the sing.], and أَيَّاتٍ

[in the pl.; and in like manner, أَيَّةٌ in the nom. sing., and أَيَّةٍ in the gen. sing.; and أَيَّاتٌ in the nom. pl., and أَيَّاتٍ in the gen. pl.]: but when the interrogation refers to a determinate noun, أَىّ is in the nom. case (with refa) only. (TA.) [See also أَيَّانَ, below.] b2: [In other cases, now to be mentioned, it is used alike as sing., dual, and pl.] b3: It also denotes a condition; (T, S, M, Mughnee;) in which case, also, it is a decl. noun, applied to an intellectual being and to a non-intellectual thing. (S.) So in the saying, أَيُّهُمْ يُكْرِمْنِى أُكْرِمْهُ [Whichever of them treats me with honour, I will treat him with honour]. (S.) So, too, in the saying [in the Kur xvii. 110], أَيًّا مَا تَدْعُوا فَلَهُ الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى [Whichever ye call Him, He hath the best names]. (T, * Mughnee.) And in the saying [in the same, xxviii. 28], أَيَّمَا الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَيْتُ فَلَا عُدْوَانَ عَلَىَّ [Whichever of the two terms I fulfil, there shall be no wrongdoing to me]. (Mughnee.) One says also, صَحِبَهُ اللّٰهُ أَيَّا مَا تَوَجَّهَ, meaning أَيْنَمَاتَوَجَّهَ [May God accompany him wherever he goeth]. (Az, T.) and Zuheyr uses the expression أَيَّةً سَلَكُوا for أَيَّةَ وِجْهَةٍ

سَلَكُوا [Whatever tract they travelled, or travel]. (T.) The saying, أَيِّى وَأَيُّكَ كَانَ شَرَّا فَأَخْزَاهُ اللّٰهُ [Whichever of me and thee be evil, may God abase him !] was explained by Kh to Sb as meaning أَيُّنَا كَانَ شَرًّا [whichever of us two be evil]; and as being like the saying, أَخْزَى اللّٰهُ الكَاذِبَ مِنِىّ وَمِنْكَ, meaning مِنَّا. (M. [And in a similar manner, the former clause of that saying, occurring in a verse, with مَا after أَيِّى, is said in the T to have been explained by Kh to Sb.]) b4: It is also a conjunct noun; (Mughnee;) [i. e.] it is sometimes used in the manner of الَّذِى, and therefore requires a complement; as in the saying, أَيُّهُمْ فِى الدَّارِ أَخُوكَ [He, of them, who is in the house is thy brother]: (S:) [i. e.] it is syn. with الَّذِى. (M, Mughnee.) So in the saying [in the Kur xix. 70], ثُمَّ لَنَنْزِعَنَّ مِنْ كُلِّ شِيعَةٍ أَيُّهُمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَى الرَّحْمٰنِ عُتِيَّا [Then we will assuredly draw forth, from every sect, him, of them, who is most exorbitantly rebellious against the Compassionate]: so says Sb: but the Koofees and a number of the Basrees disagree with him, holding that the conjunct noun أَىّ is always decl., like the conditional and the interrogative: Zj says, “It has not appeared to me that Sb has erred except in two instances, whereof this is one; for he has conceded that it is decl. when separate, and how can he say that it is indecl. when it is a prefixed noun?” and El-Jarmee says, “I have gone forth from El-Basrah, and have not heard, from my leaving the Khandak to Mekkeh, any one say, لَأَضْرِبَنَّ أَيُّهُمْ قَائِمٌ [as meaning I will assuredly beat him, of them, who is standing], with damm:” these assert, that it is, in the verse above, an interrogative, and that it is an inchoative, and اشد is an enunciative: but they differ as to the objective complement of the verb: Kh says that this is suppressed, and that the implied meaning is, we will assuredly draw forth those of whom it will be said, Which of them is most &c.? and Yoo says that it is the proposition [ايهّم &c.], and that the verb is suspended from governing, as in the instance in the Kur xviii. 11, cited above: and Ks and Akh say that it is كلّ شيعة, that من is redundant, and that the interrogative proposition is independent of what precedes it; this being grounded on their saying that the redundance of مِنْ is allowable in an affirmative proposition: but these [following] facts refute their sayings; viz. that the suspension of government is peculiar to verbs significant of operations of the mind; and that it is not allowable to say, لَأَضْرِبَنَّ الفَاسِقُ, with refa, as meaning by implication “I will assuredly beat him of whom it is said, He is the transgressor;” and that the redundance of مِنْ in an affirmative proposition is not correct. (Mughnee. [Some further remarks on the same subject, in that work, mentioning other opinions as erroneous, I omit. Another reading of the passage in the Kur cited above (xix. 70) will be found in what here follows.]) [ISd states that] they said, لَأَضْربَنَّ أَيُّهُمْ أَفْضَلُ [I will assuredly beat him, of them, who is most excellent], and أَىٌّ أَفْضَلُ [him who is most excel-lent]; اىّ being indecl., accord. to Sb, and therefore the verb does not govern it [save as to the meaning]. (M.) And [that] you say, اِضْرِبْ أَيُّهُمْ

أَفْضَلُ [Beat thou him, of them, who is most excellent], and أَيَّهُمْ أَفْضَلُ [meaning the same, or whichever of them, &c.]; suppressing the relative هُوَ after ايّهم. (M in a later part of the same art.) Fr says that when أَىّ is governed by the verb before it, it has not the interrogative meaning; and you may say, لَأَضْرِبَنَّ أَيَّهُمْ يَقُولُ ذٰلِكَ [I will assuredly beat him, of them, or whichever of them, says that]: and he says that he who reads أَيَّهُمْ, in the accus. case, in the passage of the Kur cited above (xix. 70) makes it to be governed by لَنَنْرِعَنَّ. (T.) Ks says, you say, لَأَضْرِبَنَّ أَيَّهُمْ فِى الدَّارِ [I will assuredly beat him, of them, or whichever of them, is in the house]; but you may not say, ضَرَبْتُ أَيَّهُمْ فِى الدَّارِ: thus he distinguishes between the actual occurrence and that which is expected. (S.) Akh says, also, that it may be indeterminate and qualified by an epithet; as when one says, مَرَرْتُ بِأَىٍّ

مُعْجِبٍ لَكَ, like as one says, بِمَنْ مُعْجِبٍ لَكَ [I passed by one pleasing to thee]: but this has not been heard [from the Arabs]. (Mughnee.) b5: It also denotes perfection, or consummateness: and in this case it is an epithet applying to an indeterminate noun; as in زَيْدٌ رَجُلٌ أَىُّ رَجُلٍ (tropical:) [Zeyd is a man; what a man!], meaning that he is complete, or consummate, in the qualities of men: and it is a denotative of state relating to a determinate noun; as in مَرَرْتُ بِعَبْدِ اللّٰهِ أَىَّ رَجُلٍ (tropical:) [I passed by 'Abd-Allah; what a man was he!]: (Mughnee:) and used in this sense, it is tropical. (Har p. 534.) [J says,] it is sometimes an epithet applying to an indeterminate noun: you say, مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ أَىِّ رَجُلٍ and أَيِّمَارَجُلٍ (assumed tropical:) [I passed by a man; what a man!]; and مَرَرْتُ بِامْرَأَةٍ أَيَّةِ امْرَأَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [I passed by a woman; what a woman!], and بِامْرَأَتَيْنِ أَيَّتِمَا امْرَأَتَيْنِ [by two women; what two women!]; and هٰذِهِ امْرَأَةٌ أَيَّةُ امْرَأَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [This is a woman; what a woman!]: and أَيَّتُمَا امْرَأَ أَيَّةُ امْرَأَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [What two women!]; ما being redundant: and in the case of a determinate noun, you say, هٰذَا زَيْدٌ أَيَّمَا رَجُلٍ (assumed tropical:) [This is Zeyd; what a man is he!]; putting it in the accus. case as a denotative of state; and هٰذِهِ أَمَةُ اللّٰهِ أَيَّتَمَا جَارِيّةٍ (assumed tropical:) [This is the handmaid of God; what a girl, or young woman, is she!]: you say, also, [in using an indeterminate noun,] أَىُّ امْرَأَةٍ جَآءَتْكَ and جَآءَكَ, and أَيَّةُ امْرَأَةٍ جَآءَتْكَ (assumed tropical:) [What a woman came to thee!]; and مَرَرْتُ بِجَارِيَةٍ أَىِّ جَارِيَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [I passed by a girl, or young woman; what a girl, or young woman!]; and جِئْتُكَ بِمُلَآءَةٍ أَىِّ مُلَآءَةٍ and أَيَّةِ مُلَآءِةٍ (assumed tropical:) [I brought thee a body-wrapper; what a body-wrapper!]: all are allowable. (S.) [In all these it evidently denotes admiration, or wonder, at some good or extraordinary quality in the person or thing to which it relates; notwithstanding that J says afterwards,] and sometimes it is used to denote wonder; as in the saying of Jemeel, بُثَيْنَ الْزَمِى لَا إَنَّ لَا إِنْ لَزِمْتِهِ عَلَى كَثْرَةِ الوَاشِينَ أَىُّ مَعُونِ (assumed tropical:) [O Butheyneh, (بُثَيْنَ being a curtailed form of بُثَيْنَة, a woman's name,) adhere thou to “No:”

verily “No,” if thou adhere to it, notwithstanding the numbers of the slanderers, what a help will it be!]: (S:) i. e., an excellent help will be thy saying “No” in repelling, or rebutting, the slanderers, though they be many. (TA in art. عون.) Fr gives as exs. of its use to denote wonder the sayings, أَىُّ رَجُلٍ زَيْدٌ [What a man is Zeyd!], and أَىُّ جَارِيَهٍ زَيْنَبُ [What a girl, or young woman, is Zeyneb!]. (T.) It denotes wonder at the sufficiency, and great degree of competence, of the person [or thing] to whom [or to which] it relates. (M.) El-Kattál El-Kilábee says, وَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ أَنَّنِى قَدْ قَتَلْتُهُ نَدِمْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَىَّ سَاعَةِ مَنْدَمِ [And when I saw that I had slain him, I repented of it; in what an hour, or time, of repentance!]: i. e., when I slew him, I repented of it, in a time when repentance did not profit: اىّ being here in the accus. case as an adv. n.; for, as it denotes the part of a whole, its predicament is made to be the same as that of the affixed noun, of whatever kind this may be. (Ham p. 95.) b6: It also has ك prefixed to it; and thus it becomes changed in signification so as to denote numerousness, being syn. with the enunciative كَمْ [How many!]; (S, K;) or syn. with رُبَّ [as meaning many]: (Sb, M:) [and sometimes it is syn. with the interrogative كَمْ, meaning how many? or how much? as will be shown below:] thus it is written كَأَىٍّ, (M,) or كَأَيِّنْ, (S, M, K,) its tenween being written ن; (S, K;) and كَآءٍ, (M,) or [more commonly] كَائِنْ, (S, M, K, [in some copies of the S and K كَايِنْ,]) like كَاعِنْ, (S,) said by IJ, on the authority of Aboo-'Alee, to be formed from كَأَيِّنْ, by putting the double ى before the ء, after the manner of the transposition in قِسِىٌّ and a number of other words, so that it becomes كَيَّأٍ [or كَيَّئِنْ], then suppressing the second ى, as is done in مَيِّتٌ and هَيِّنٌ and لَيِّنٌ, so that it becomes كَىْءٍ [or كَىْءِنْ], and then changing the [remaining] ى into ا, as in [طَيْئِىٌّ, which becomes] طَادِىٌّ, and in [حِيرِىٌّ, which becomes]

حَارِىٌّ, so that it becomes كَآءٍ [or كَائِنْ]; (M;) and it has other dial. vars.; namely كَيْئِنٌ [one of the intermediate forms between كَأَيِّنْ and كَائِنْ mentioned above]; (K; [in one copy of the K written كَيَيِّنْ, and so accord. to the TK;]) and كَأْىٍ, (M, K,) of the measure of رَمْىٍ, and most probably formed by transposition from كَىْءٍ, mentioned above; (M;) and كَأ, of the measure of عَمٍ, (M, TA,) incorrectly written in the copies of the K كَاءٍ, i. e. like كَاعٍ, (TA,) formed by the suppression of ى in كَىْءٍ; a change not greater than that from أَيْمُنُ اللّٰهِ to مُ اللّٰهِ and مِ اللّٰهِ. (M.) You say, كَأَيِّنْ رَجُلًا لَقِيتُ [How many a man have I met! or many a man &c.], (S, K, *) putting the noun following كأيّن in the accus. case as a specificative; (S;) and كَأَيِّنْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ

لَقِيتُ; (S, K; *) and the introduction of مِنْ after كَأيّن is more common, and better. (S. [And Sb, as cited in the M, says the like.]) You say also, كَأَيِّنْ قَدْ أَتَانِى رَجُلًا [How many a man has come to me! or many a man &c.]. (Sb, M.) And بِكَأَيِّنْ تَبِيعُ هٰذَا الثَّوْبَ, i. e. بِكَمْ تبيع [For how much wilt thou sell this garment, or piece of cloth?]. (S.) Kh says that if any one of the Arabs made it to govern the gen. case, perhaps he did so by making مِنْ to be implied, as is allowable with كَمْ: (M:) [so that you may say, بِكَأَيِّنْ دِرْهَمٍ

اشْتَرَيْتَ هٰذَا For how many a dirhem didst thou buy this? for] it is allowable to make the noun that follows كَمْ to be governed in the gen. case by منْ implied, when كم immediately follows a preposition; as in بِكضمْ دِرْهَمٍ اشْتَرَيْتَ هٰذَا; but when it is not thus preceded by a preposition, the noun after it must be in the accus. case. (I 'Ak p. 317.) It always holds the first place in a proposition, like كَمْ. (Idem, next p.) b7: It is also a connective of the vocative يَا with the noun signifying the person or persons or thing called, when this noun has the article ال prefixed to it; (S, M, Mughnee, K;) and with a noun of indication, as ذَا; and with a conjunct noun having ال prefixed to it, as الذِّى: (I 'Ak p. 268:) it is a noun formed for serving as such a connective; (M, K;) and has هَا affixed to it. (S, M, &c.) You say, يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ [which seems to be best rendered O thou man; more agreeably with the original, O thou, the man; or, accord. to Akh, O thou who art the man; lit., O he who is the man; often written يَأَيُّهَا]; (T, S, M, Mughnee, K;) and يَاأَيُّهَا الرَّجُلَانِ [O ye two men]; and يَاأَيُّهَا الرِّجَالُ [O ye men]; (M;) and يَاأَيَّتُهَاالمَرْأَةُ [O thou woman]; (S, M;) and يَا أَيَّتُهَا المَرْأَتَانِ [O ye two women]; and أَيَّتُهَا النّسْوَةُ [O ye women]; and يَاأَيُّهَا المَرْأَةُ, and المَرْأَتَانِ, and النِّسْوَةُ; (M;) and يَاأَيُّهَا ذَا [O thou, this person or thing]; and يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِى فَعَلَ كَذَا [O thou who didst, or hast done, thus]. (I 'Ak p. 267.) In the first of the exs. here given, أَىّ is a noun of vague signification, (Zj, T, S,) denoting the person called, (Zj, T,) of the sing. number, (Zj, T, S,) rendered determinate by the vocative [يا], (S,) indecl., with damm for its termination; (Zj, T, S;) and هَا is a particle employed to rouse attention, or to give notice, a substitute for the noun to which أَىّ is in other cases prefixed; and الرَّجُلُ is a qualificative to أَىّ, (Zj, T, S,) wherefore it is in the nom. case. (S.) Akh asserts, [as we have indicated above,] that أَىّ is here the conjunct noun, and that the first member of its complement, namely the relative هُوَ, is suppressed; the meaning being, يَا مَنْ هُوَ الرَّجُلُ: but this assertion is refuted by the fact that there is no relative pronoun that must be suppressed, nor any conjunct noun that necessarily requires that its complement should be a nominal proposition: though he might reply to these two objections by arguing that ما in the saying لَا سِيَّمَا زَيْدٌ is in like manner [virtually] in the nom. case [as a conjunct noun syn. with الَّذِى, and that the first member of its complement, namely هُوَ, an inchoative of which زَيْدٌ is the enunciative, is suppressed]. (Mughnee.) The putting of the qualificative of أَىّ in the accus. case, as in the saying يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلَ

أَقْبِلْ [O thou man, advance], is allowed (M, K) by El-Mázinee; but it is not known [as heard from the Arabs]. (M.) أَيُّهَا and أَيَّتُهَا are also used for the purpose of particularizing; [in which case they are not preceded by يا;] as when one says, أَمَّا أَنَا فَأَفْعَلُ كَذَا أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ [As for me, I will do thus, or such a thing, thou man], meaning himself; and as in the saying of Kaab Ibn-Málik, related in a trad., فَتَخَلَّفْنَا أَيَّتُهَا الثَّلَاثَهُ [And we remained behind, or held back, ye three], meaning, by the three, those particularized as remaining behind [with him], or holding back. (TA.) أَيَا: see art. ايا.

A2: أَيًا: see the next paragraph.

إِيَا الشَّمْسِ, [the former word, when alone and indeterminate, perhaps (as when determinate) without tenween, for it is-explained (with its dial. vars.) in the S and K in باب الالف الليّنة, though it is also explained in some copies of the S in the present art.,] and الشمس ↓ أَيَاةُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) and الشمس ↓ أَيَاةُ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ أَيَآءُ الشمس, (T, M, Mgh, K, and in a copy of the S,) with fet-h and medd, (T, Mgh, K, and so in a copy of the S,) The light of the sun, (S, M, Mgh, K,) and its beauty: (M, K:) or its rays, and its light: (T:) or, as some say, الشمس ↓ اياة signifies the halo of the sun; that, with respect to the sun, which is like the هَالَة with respect to the moon; i. e. the دَارَة around the sun: (S:) the pl. [of أَيَاةٌ] is ↓ أَيًا and إِيَآءٌ; [or rather the former is a coll. gen. n.;] like أَكَمٌ and إِكَامٌ in relation to أَكَمَةٌ. (M.) Tarafeh says, (T, S, Mgh,) describing the fore teeth (ثَغْر) of his beloved, (EM p. 62,) الشَّمْسِ إِلَّا لِثَاتِهِ ↓ سَقَتْهُ إِيَاةُ [The light of the sun has shed its lustre upon them, except their gums]. (T, S, Mgh.) b2: and hence, by way of comparison, (M,) إِيَا النَّبَاتِ, and ↓ أَيَاؤُهُ, (M, K,) and ↓ إِيَاتُهُ, and ↓ أَيَاتُهُ, (K,) (tropical:) The beauty of herbage, (M, K,) and its blossoms, (M,) and brightness, (K, TA,) in its verdure and growth. (TA.) A2: أَيَا إِيَاهُ أَقْبِلْ: see أَيَا, in art. ايا.

أَيَآء: see the next preceding paragraph, throughout.

أَيَاةٌ: se the next preceding paragraph, throughout.

إِيَاةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, throughout.

أُيَيَّةٌ dim. of آءٌ: see the letter ا.

إِيَيَّةٌ dim. of آيَةٌ, q. v. (T.) أَيَّا: see إِيَّا, in art. ايا.

إِيَّا: see art. ايا. [Az says,] I have not heard any derivation of إِيَّا; but I think, without being certain, that it is from تَآيَيْتُهُ as explained above; as though it were a noun from that verb, of the measure فِعْلَى, like ذِكْرَى from ذَكَرْتُ; so that the meaning of إِيَّاكَ is I direct myself, or my aim, to, or towards, thee, and thy person. (T.) أَيِّىٌّ [a rel. n. of أَىٌّ]. When you ask a man respecting his كُورَة [i. e. district, or city, or town], you say, اَلْأَيِّىُّ [The person of what district, &c., art thou?]; like as you say, in asking him respecting his قَبِيلَة [or tribe], اَلْمَنِىُّ [from مَنْ]: and you say also, أَيِّىٌّ أَنْتَ [A person of what district, &c., art thou?]; and مَنىٌّ (T.) [See also مَنِىٌّ, in art. من.]

أَيَّانَ: see art. اين. Lth says that it is used in the manner of مَتَى; [signifying When?]; and that some say its ن is radical; others, that it is augmentative: (T:) IJ says, it must be from أَىٌّ, not from أَيْنَ, for two reasons: first, because أَيْنَ denotes place; and أَيَّانَ, time: and secondly, because nouns of the measure فَعَّال are few; and those of the measure فَعْلَان, many: so that if you name a man أَيَّان, it is imperfectly decl.: and he adds, that أَىٌّ means a part of a whole; so that it applies as properly to times as it does to other things: (TA:) Fr says that it is originally أَىَّ أَوَانٍ

[at what time?]. (T.) One says, of a stupid, or foolish, person, لَا يَعْرَفُ أَيَّانَ [He knows not when]. (IB.) آىْ: see أَىْ: A2: and see also 2 in art. اوى.

A3: ىٌ: see what next follows, in two places.

آيَةٌ A sign, token, or mark, by which a person or thing is known; syn. عَلَامَةٌ (IAar, T, S, M, Msb, K) and أَمَارَةٌ: (M, K:) it properly signifies any apparent thing inseparable from a thing not equally apparent, so that when one perceives the former, he knows that he perceives the other, which he cannot perceive by itself, when the two things are of one predicament; and this is apparent in the object of sense and in that of the intellect: (Er-Rághib, TA:) it is of the measure فَعْلَةٌ, (M, K,) originally أَيَّةٌ; the [former] ى being changed to ا because the letter before it is with fet-h, though this is an extraordinary change: (M:) this is related as on the authority of Sb: (TA:) or it is of the measure فَعَلَةٌ, (M, K,) accord. to Kh; (M;) originally أَوَيَةٌ; (S;) [for, accord. to J and Fei,] Sb said that its medial radical letter is و, and that the final is ى, because words of this class are more common than those of which the medial and final radical letters are both ى; (S, Msb;) and the rel. n. is أَوَوِىُّ: (S:) but IB says, Sb did not state that the medial radical letter of آيَةٌ is و, as J states; but he said that it is originally أَيَةٌ, and that the quiescent و is changed into ا; and he relates of Kh, that he allowed the rel. n. of آيَةٌ to be ↓ آئِىٌّ and ↓ آيِىٌّ and آوِىٌّ; but as to أَوَوِىٌّ, he says, I know not any one who has said it except J: (TA:) or it is of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) originally آيَيَةٌ, contracted by the suppression of its final radical letter [with the preceding kesreh]: so accord. to Fr: [but see what follows (after the pls.), where this is said to be the opinion of Ks, and disallowed by Fr:] (S, Msb:) the pl. is آيَاتٌ and ↓ آىٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) [or the latter is rather a coll. gen. n.,] and pl. pl. آيَآءٌ: (M, K:) J says that one of its pls. is آيَاىٌ; [and we find the same also in some copies of the K;] but this is a mistake for آيَآءٌ, which is pl. of آىٌ, not of آيَةٌ: (IB, TA:) and this pl., being of the measure أَفْعَالٌ, has been adduced as evidence that the medial radical letter is ى, not و: (TA:) the dim. is ↓ إِيَيَّةٌ, [of the measure فُعَيلَةٌ changed to فعَيْلَةٌ because of the medial radical ى,] which, accord. to Fr, shows the opinion of Ks, that آيَةٌ is of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ rendered defective by the suppression of its final radical letter, to be incorrect, because [Fr holds, in opposition to some others, that] a noun of this measure has not its dim. formed on the measure فُعَيْلَةٌ unless it is a proper name. (T.) They said, اِفْعَلْهُ بِآيَةِ كَذَا [Do thou it at the sign of such a thing]; like as you say, بِعَلَامَةِ كَذَا and بِأَمَارَةِ. (M.) And [in this sense, as is indicated by the context in the M,] it is one of the nouns that are prefixed to verbs [as virtually governing the gen. case], (M, K, *) because of the nearness of its meaning to the meaning of time: (K:) as in the saying [of a poet], بِآيَةِ تُقْدِمُونَ الخَيْلَ شُــعْثًا [At the sign of your urging forward the horses, unsmoothed in their coats, or not curried; which means nearly the same as “at the time of your urging” &c.]. (M.) b2: A sign as meaning an indication, an evidence, or a proof. (TA.) b3: A sign as meaning a miracle; [and a wonder; for]

آيَاتُ اللّٰهِ means the wonders of God. (TA.) b4: An example, or a warning; (Fr, T, M, Msb, K;) as, for instance, the case of Joseph and his brethren, related in the Kur: (Fr, T:) pl. ↓ آىٌ (M, K) and آيَاتٌ. (Fr, T.) b5: A message, or communication sent from one person or party to another; syn. رِسَالَةٌ. (TA.) b6: The body, or corporeal form or figure or substance, (S, M, K,) of a man, (S,) which one sees from a distance; [as being a kind of sign;] or a person, or an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ. (S, M, K.) b7: A whole company of people: as in the saying, خَرَجَ القَوْمُ بِآيَتِهِمْ The people, or party, went forth with their whole company, not leaving behind them anything. (AA, S, M.) b8: [Hence, accord. to some, A verse of the Kur-án; as being] a collection of words of the Book of God: (S:) or a connected form of words of the Kur-án continued to its breaking off; (K, TA;) accord. to Aboo-Bekr, so called because it is a sign of the breaking off: (TA:) or a portion of the Kur-án after which a suspension of speech is approvable: (Msb:) or a portion of the Kur-án denoting any statute, or ordinance, of God, whether it be [what is generally termed] an آيَة, [i. e. a verse,] or a chapter (سُورَة), or an aggregate [and distinct] portion of the latter. (Er-Rághib, Kull, TA. *) [الآيَةَ, written after a quotation of a part of a verse of the Kur-án, means اِقْرَأِ الآيَةض Read thou the verse.]

آيَا: see أَيَا, in art. ايا.

آئِىٌّ and آيِىٌّ, accord. to Kh, rel. ns. of آيَةٌ, q. v. (IB.) تَأَيَّةٌ, or تَإِيَّةٌ or تَئِيَّةٌ: see 5.