(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَــةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ الــسَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالــسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلامــ، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَــةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَــتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِــسَلَامَــتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with الــسَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِــسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِــسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِــسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from الــسَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ الــسَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ الــسَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِــسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِــسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِــسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَــسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَــسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَــة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَــى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَــةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَــةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَــة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَــة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالــسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِــسَلَامَــتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) الــسُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو الــسَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو الــسَّلَامَــةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ الــسَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِــسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًــا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًــا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًــا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالــسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) الــسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَــةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَــى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَــى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَــى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَــيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَــيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَــى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَــيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَــى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامــى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَــى and سُلَامَــيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلامــيات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامــى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلامــيات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامــى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامــى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَــى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَــانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (الــسَّلَامَــة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِــسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِــسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِــسْلَامِــىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِــسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِــسْلَامِــىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِــسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِــسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

حور
الحَوْرُ: الرُّجُوْعُ إلى الشَّيْءِ وعنه. وحارَتِ الغُصَّةُ تَحُوْرُ: انْحَدَرَتْ، وأحارَها صاحِبُها. وكُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَتَغَّيُر من حالٍ إلى حالٍ: فقد حارَ. وفي الحديث: " الحَوْر بَعْدَ الكَوْرِ أي الزِّيادَة بعد النُّقْصانِ. والمُحَاوَرَةُ: مُرَاجَعَةُ الكَلامِ. حاوَرْتُ فلاناً، وأحَرْتُ إليه جَوَاباً، والمَحُوْرُ: مَرْجُوْعُ الجَوابِ. وما أحَارَ بكلمةٍ. والحَوِيْرُ: المُحَاوَرَةُ، وكذلك الحِوَارُ والحِوَرُ والمَحُوْرَةُ أيضاً.
ويقولُ الرَّجُلُ لِصاحِبِه: واللِه ما تَحُوْرُ ولا تَحُوْلُ، أي لا تَزْدادُ خَيْراً. ومَحَاوِرُ الرَّجُلِ: مَصَائرُ أمْرِه، واحِدَتُها: مَحْوَرَةٌ. والمَحُوْرَةٌ - أيضاً - الرُّجُوْعُ. والحُوْرُ: النُّقْصَانُ - بِضَمِّ الحاءِ؛ على مِثالِ النُّوْرِ -. وفي مَثَلٍ: " حُوْرٌ في مَحَارَةٍ " أي باطِلٌ في نَقْصٍ، وقد يُفْتَحُ الحاءُ ومَعْناه: رُجُوْعٌ في نُقْصَانٍ. والمَحَارَةُ: المَنْقَصَةُ. وإنَّه لَفي حُوْرٍ وبُوْرٍ: أي في ضَيْعَةٍ. والإحَارَةُ: رَجْعُ اليَدِ في السَّيْرِ. والحَوْرُ: ما تَحْتَ الكَوْرِ من العِمامَةِ. وهي أيضاً: خَشَبَةٌ يُقال لها البَيْضَاءُ. وكذلك الأدِيْمُ المَصْبُوْغُ بِحُمْرَةٍ، يُقال: حَوَّرْتُه تَحْوِيْراً، والجَميعُ: الأحْوَارُ.
والحِوَارُ والحُوَارُ: الفَصِيْلُ أوَّلَ ما يُنْتَجُ، والجَمِيعُ: الحِيْرَانُ. وأحارَتِ النّاقَةُ: صارَتْ ذاتَ حُوَارٍ، والعَرَبُ تُسَمِّي عَقْرَبَ الشِّتَاءِ: عُقَيْرِبَ الحِيْرَانِ، ولا يُنْتِجُوْنَ فيها، أي تُضِرُّ بالحُوَارِ.
والحَوَرُ: الأَدْيْمُ المَصْبُوْغُ بِحُمْرَةٍ. والحَوَرُ: شِدَّةُ بَيَاضِ بَيَاضِ العَيْنِ في شِدَّةِ سَوَادِ سَوَادِها، وامْرَأةٌ حَوْراءُ: بَيْضاءُ حَسَنَة.واحْوَرَّتْ عَيْنُ. صارتْ حَوْراءَ. والجَميعُ: الحُوْرُ والحِيْرُ. وامْرَأةٌ حَوَارِيَّةٌ: بَيْضاء. وعَيْنٌ حَوْراءُ: مُسْتَدِيْرَةٌ. والمِحْوَرُ: الحَدِيْدَةُ التي يَدُوْرُ فيها لِسَانُ الإبْزِيْمِ. وهي أيضاً: الخَشَبَةُ التي تَدُوْرُ عليها البَكْرَةُ، والتي يُبْسَطُ بها العَجِيْنُ. والحُوّاري: أجْوَدُ الدَّقِيْقِ وأخْلَصُه. وحَوَّرْتُ الدَّقِيْقَ: بَيَّضْتُه. وحُرْتُ الثَّوْبَ وحَوَّرْتُه: بَيَّضْتُه بالغَسْل. والحَوَارِيُّوْنَ: ناصِرُوْ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وناصِرُوْ عيسى بن مريم صلى الله عليه وسلم، وكُلُّ مُجَاهِدٍِ عند العَرَبِ: حَوَارِيٌّ.
وقال الأصمعيُّ: ما يَعِيْشُ بأحْوَرَ؛ أي بعَقْلٍ، وقيل بقَلْبٍ وَحَاشٍ. وماله حَوَرْوَرٌ: أي شَيْءٌ. وحَوَّرْتُ البَعيرَ: كَوَيْتُه، والمِحْوَرَةُ: المِكْوَاةُ. وحَوِّرْ عَيْنَ بَعِيرِكَ: أي حَجِّرْ حَوْلَها بِكَيٍّ. والكَيَّةُ تُسَمّى الحَوْرَاءَ.
وحَوَّرَ الحائطَ: بمَعْناه. والحارَةُ: كلُّ مُسْتَدَارٍ من فَضَاءٍ وغيرِه مَبْنِيّاً أوغيرَ مَبْنِيٍّ. وحُوِّرَتْ خَوَاصِرُ الإبِلِ: وهو أنْ يُؤْخَذَ خِثْيُها فَيُضْرَبَ به على خَوَاصِرِها. والحائرُ: المَهْزُوْلُ. والوَدَكُ أيضاً. واحْوَرَّتِ القِدْرُ: ابْيَضَّ لَحْمُها قبل النُّضْجِ.
والحَوَرُ: ما تَحْفِلُ به النِّساءُ وُجُوْهَها عند الزِّيْنَةِ؛ يُتَّخَذُ من الرَّصَاصِ. والحَوَرُ: شَجَرٌ، في قول الراعي:
كالجَوْزِ نُطِّقَ بالصَّفْصَافِ والحَوَرِ
وفي المَثَلِ في شَوَاهِدِ الظّاهِرِ على الباطِنِ " أرَاكَ بَشَرٌ ما أحَارَ مِشْفَرةٌ " أحَارَ: رَدَّ إلى جَوْفِه، وهو كقولهم: " عَيْنُه فِرَارُه ".
وطَحَنْتُ الطّاِحَنَة فما أحَارَتْ شَيْئاً من الدَّقِيقِ: أي ما رَدَّتْ. والحَوَرُ: أنْ تَسْوَدَّ عَيْنُ البَقَرَةِ والظَّبْيِ كُلُّها، وليس في بَني آدَمَ أحْوَرُ.

حور

1 حَارَ, aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. حَوْرٌ and حُؤُورٌ (S, K) and حُورٌ, a contraction of the form next preceding, used in poetry, in case of necessity, (TA,) and مَحَارٌ (S, K) and مَحَارَةٌ (K) and حَوْرَةٌ, (TA,) He, or it, returned, (S, L, K,) إِلَى شَىْءٍ

to a thing, and عَنْهُ from it. (L.) b2: [Hence,] حار عَلَيْهِ It (a false imputation) returned to him [who was its author; or recoiled upon him]. (TA, from a trad.) b3: And حَارَتِ الغُصَّةُ The thing sticking in the throat, and choking, descended; as though it returned from its place. (TA.) b4: [And حار, inf. n. حَوْرٌ and حُورٌ, He returned from a good state to a bad.] You say, حار بَعْدَ مَا كَانَ (TA on the authority of 'Ásim, and so in a copy of the S,) He returned from a good state after he had been in that state: (A 'Obeyd, S, * TA:) so says 'Asim: (TA:) or حار بعد ما كَارَ (TA, and so in copies of the S,) He became in a state of defectiveness after he had been in a state of redundance: (TA:) or it is from حار, inf. n. حَوْرٌ, He untwisted his turban: (Zj, TA:) and means (assumed tropical:) He became in a bad state of affairs after he had been in a good state. (TA. [See حَوْرٌ, below.]) b5: حَارَ وَبَارَ He became in a defective and bad state. (TA. [Here بار is an imitative sequent; (see حَائِرٌ;) as is also يَبُورُ in a phrase mentioned below.]) b6: حار, aor. as above, (Msb,) inf n.

حَوْرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and حُورٌ (S, A, K) and مَحَارَةٌ (S) and مَحَارٌ, (M and TA in art. اول,) It decreased, or became defective or deficient. (S, * A, * Msb, K. * [See also حَوْرٌ, below.]) b7: Also, inf. n. حَوْرٌ (TA) and حُورٌ, (S, K,) He perished, or died. (S, * K, * TA.) b8: Also, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَوْرٌ, He, or it, became changed from one state, or condition, into another: and it became converted into another thing. (TA.) b9: مَا يَحُورُ فُلَانٌ وَلَا يَبُورُ Such a one does not increase nor become augmented [in his substance] (Ibn-Háni, K *) is said when a person's being afflicted with smallness of increase is confirmed. (Ibn-Háni, TA.) A2: حار, (TK,) inf. n. حَوْرٌ, (K,) He was, or became, confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. تَحَيَّرَ. (K, * TK.) [See also art. حير.]

A3: See also 2.

A4: حَوِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَوَرٌ; (K;) and حَوِرَتْ, aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and ↓ احوّر, (K,) inf. n. اِحْوِرَارٌ; (TA;) and احوّرت; (S, K; *) He, (a man, K, TA,) and it, (an eye, S, Msb, K, * TA,) was, or became, characterized by the quality termed حَوَرٌ as explained below. (S, Msb, K, TA.) 2 حوّرهُ, inf. n. تَحْوِيرٌ, He made him, or it, to return. (Zj, K.) b2: He (God) denied him, or prohibited him from attaining, what he desired, or sought; disappointed him; frustrated his endeavour, or hope; (K, TA;) and caused him to return to a state of defectiveness. (TA.) A2: حوّر, inf. n. as above, He whitened clothes, or garments, (S, Msb,) and wheat, or food: (S:) and ↓ حار, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. حَوْرٌ, (TA,) he washed and whitened a garment, or piece of cloth; (K;) but حوّر is better known in this sense. (TA.) b2: حوّر عَيْنَ البَعِيرِ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He burned a mark round the eye of the camel with a circular cauterizing-instrument, (S, K, *) on account of a disorder: because the place becomes white. (TA.) A3: [He prepared skins such as are called حَوَرٌ: a meaning indicated, but not expressed, in the TA. b2: And app. He lined a boot with such skin: see مُحَوَّرٌ.]

A4: Also, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He prepared a lump of dough, and made it round, (S, K,) with a مِحْوَر, (TA,) to put it into the hole containing hot ashes in which it was to be baked: (S, K:) he made it round with a مِحْوَر. (A.) 3 حاورهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) and حاورهُ الكَلَامَ, (TA in art. رجع, &c.,) inf. n. مُحَاوَرَةٌ (S, Mgh, K) and حِوَارٌ, (A, Mgh,) He returned him answer for answer, or answers for answers; held a dialogue, colloquy, conference, disputation, or debate, with him; or bandied words with him; syn. جَاوَبَهُ, (S, and Jel in xviii. 35,) and رَاجَعَهُ الكَلَامَ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) or رَاجَعَهُ فِى الكَلَامِ, (Bd in xviii. 32,) or, of the inf. n., مُرَاجَعَةُ النُّطْقِ. (K.) And حاورهُ He vied, or competed, with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or the like; syn. فَاخَرَهُ. (Jel. in xviii. 32.) 4 احار [He returned a thing]. You say, طَحَنَتْ فَمَا أَحَارَتْ شَيْئًا She ground, and did not return (مَا رَدَّتْ) anything of the flour [app. for the loan of the hand-mill: see حُورٌ, below]. (S, K.) b2: احار الغُصَّةَ He swallowed the thing sticking in his throat and choking him; [as though he returned it from its place: see 1: see also 4 in art. حير: and see an ex. voce إِحَارَةٌ.] (TA.) And فُلَانٌ سَرِيعُ الإِحَارَةِ Such a one is quick in swallowing: [said to be] from what next follows. (Meyd, TA.) b3: احار, (S, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِحَارَةٌ, (TA,) He returned an answer, or a reply. (Msb, TA.) You say, كَلَّمْتُهُ فَمَا أَحَارَ إِلَىَّ جَوَابًا I spoke to him, and he did not return to me an answer, or a reply. (S, A, * Msb, * K, *) And in like manner, مَا أَحَارَ بِكَلِمَةِ [He did not return a word in answer, or in reply]. (TA.) A2: احارت She (a camel) had a young one such as is called حُوَار. (K.) 6 تحاوروا, (Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. تَحَاوُرٌ, (S, K,) They returned one another answer for answer, or answers for answers; held a dialogue, colloquy, conference, disputation, or debate, one with another; or bandied words, one with another; syn. تَجَاوَبُوا, (S, K,) and تَرَاجَعُوا, (Jel in lviii. & ا,) or تَرَاجَعُوا الكَلَامَ, (Msb, K,) or تَرَاجَعُوا فِى الكَلَامِ. (Bd in lviii. 1.) [And They vied, or competed, or contended for superiority, one with another, in glorying, or boasting, or the like: see 3.]9 احوّر, (S, K, &c.,) inf. n. اِحْوِرَارٌ, (K,) It (a thing, S, Msb, and the body, TA, and the part around the eye, A, and bread, S, or some other thing, TA) was, or became, white. (S, A, Msb, K.) b2: See also 1, last sentence.10 استحارهُ He desired him to speak [or to return an answer or a reply; he interrogated him]. (S, K.) And استحار الدَّارَ He desired the house to speak [to him; he interrogated the house; as a lover does in addressing the house in which the object of his love has dwelt]. (IAar.) حَوْرٌ inf. n. of حَارَ. (S, A, Msb, K.) [Hence,] نَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الحَوْرِ بَعْدَ الكَوْنِ, (TA on the authority of 'Ásim, and so in a copy of the S,) a trad., (TA,) meaning We have recourse to God for preservation from decrease, or defectiveness, after increase, or redundance: (S:) or مِنَ الحَوْرِ بَعْدَ الكَوْرِ, (TA, and so in copies of the S,) meaning as above: (S, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) from a bad state of affairs after a good state; from حَوْرٌ signifying the “ untwisting ” a turban: (TA:) or from returning and departing from the community [of the faithful] after having been therein; [from حَارَ “ he untwisted ” his turban, and] from كَارَ “ he twisted ” his turban upon his head. (Zj, TA. [See also كَوْرٌ.]) ↓ فِى مَحَارَةٍ ↓ حُورٌ, (S, K,) and حَوْرٌ, (K,) Deficiency upon deficiency, (S, K,) and return upon return, (TA,) is a prov., applied to him whose good fortune is retiring; (S, K;) or to him who is not in a good state; or to him who has been in a good state and has become in a bad state: (K:) or the saying is, ↓ فُلَانٌ حَوْرٌ فِى مَحَارَةٍ [Such a one is suffering deficiency upon deficiency: حَوْرٌ being used in the sense of حَائِرٌ, like بَوْرٌ in the sense of بَائِرٌ]: so heard by IAar; and said by him to be applied in the case of a thing not in a good state; or to him who has been in a good state and has become in a bad state. (TA.) One says also, البَاطِلُ فِى

حَوْرٍ What is false, or vain, is waning and retreating. (TA.) And وَبُورٍ ↓ إِنَّهُ فِى حُورٍ, (K,) or حُورٍ بُورٍ, (K in art. حير,) Verily he is engaged in that which is not a skilful nor a good work or performance: (فِى غَيْرِ صَنْعَةٍ وَلَا إِجَادَةٍ: so in the L: in the K, for احادة is put إِتَاوَةٍ [which is evidently a mistake]: TA:) or he is in a bad state, and a state of perdition: (TA in art. حير:) or in error. (K. [See also بُورٌ: and see بَائِرٌ, in art. بور; where it is implied that بور is here an imitative sequent of حور.]) And ذَهَبَ فُلَانٌ فِى

وَالبَوَارُ ↓ الحَوَارِ Such a one went away in a defective and bad state. (L, TA.) b2: See also حَوِيرٌ.

A2: What is beneath the [part called] كَوْرٌ of a turban. (K.) A3: The bottom of a well or the like. (K.) b2: Hence, (TA,) هُوَ بَعِيدُ الحَوْرِ (assumed tropical:) He is intelligent; (K;) deep in penetration. (TA.) حُورٌ: see حَوْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also [app. A return of flour for the loan of a hand-mill; like عُقْبَةٌ (a subst. from أَعْقَبَ) signifying some broth which is returned with a borrowed cooking-pot:] a subst. from احارت in the phrase طَحَنَتْ فَمَا

أَحَارَتْ شَيْئًا [q. v. suprà]. (S, K.) حَوَرٌ Intense whiteness of the white of the eye and intense blackness of the black thereof, (S, Msb, K,) with intense whiteness, or fairness, of the rest of the person: (K:) or intense whiteness of the white of the eye and intense blackness of the black thereof, with roundness of the black, and thinness of the eyelids, and whiteness, or fairness, of the parts around them: (K:) or blackness of the whole [of what appears] of the eye, as in the eyes of gazelles (AA, S, Msb, K) and of bulls and cows: (AA, S:) and this is not found in human beings, but is attributed to them by way of comparison: (AA, S, Msb, K:) As says, I know not what is الحَوَرُ in the eye. (S.) b2: Also [simply] Whiteness. (A.) A2: Red skins, with which [baskets of the kind called] سِلَال are covered: (S, K:) [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة: (S:) pl. حُورَانٌ: (K, TA: in the CK حَوَرانٌ:) or (so in the TA, but in the K “ and ”) a hide dyed red: (K, TA:) or red skins, not [such as are termed] قَرَظِيَّة: pl. أَحْوَارٌ: (AHn:) or skins tanned without قَرَظ: or thin white skins, of which [receptacles of the kind called] أَسْفَاط are made: or prepared sheep-skins. (TA.) [In the present day, pronounced حَوْر, applied to Sheep-skin leather.]

A3: A certain kind of tree: the people of Syria apply the name of حَوْرٌ to the plane-tree (دُلْب); but it is حَوَرٌ, with two fet-hahs: in the account of simples in the Kánoon [of Ibn-Seenà], it is said to be a certain tree of which the gum is called كهرباء: (Mgh:) [by the modern Egyptians (pronounced حَوْر) applied to the white poplar:] a certain kind of wood, called البَيْضَآءُ, (K,) because of its whiteness. (TA.) A4: الحَوَرُ The third star, [e,] that next the body, of the three in the tail of Ursa Major. (Mir-át ez-Zemán, &c. [In the K it is incorrectly said to be the third star of بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ الصُّغْرَى. See القَائِدُ, in art. قود.]) حَارَةٌ [A quarter of a city or town; generally consisting of several narrow streets, or lanes, of houses, and having but one general entrance, with a gate, which is closed at night; or, which is the case in some instances, having a by-street passing through it, with a gate at each end:] a place of abode of a people, whereof the houses are contiguous: (Msb:) any place of abode of a people whereof the houses are near [together]: (K in art. حير:) a spacious encompassed tract or place; syn. مُسْتَدَارٌ مِنْ فَضَآءٍ: (A:) pl. حَارَاتٌ. (A, Msb.) حِيرَةٌ: see حَوِيرٌ.

حَوْرَآءُ fem. of أَحْوَرُ [q. v.]. b2: Also A round, or circular, burn, made with a hot iron; (K;) [around the eye of a camel; (see 2;)] so called because its place becomes white. (TA.) حَوَرْوَرَةٌ: see حَوَارِيَّةٌ, under حَوَارِىٌّ.

حَوَارٌ: see حَوِيرٌ: A2: and see حَوْرٌ.

حُوَارٌ, (S, K, &c.,) and sometimes with kesr [↓ حِوَارٌ], (K,) but this latter is a bad form, (Yaakoob,) A young camel when just born: (T, K:) or until weaned; (S, K;) i. e. from the time of its birth until big and weaned; (TA;) when it is called فَصِيلٌ: (S:) fem. with ة: (IAar:) pl. (of pauc., S) أَحْوِرَةٌ and (of mult., S) حِيرَانٌ and حُورَانٌ. (S, K.) [Its flesh is insipid: see a verse cited as an ex. of the word مَسِيخٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] عَقْرَبُ الحِيرَانِ The scorpion of winter; because it injures the حُوَار, (K, TA,) i. e. the young camel. (TA.) حِوَارٌ: see حَوِيرٌ: A2: and see also حُوَارٌ.

حَوِيرٌ (S, K,) and ↓ حَوِيرَةٌ, (S, and so in some copies of the K,) or ↓ حُوَيْرَةٌ, (so in other copies of the K and in the TA,) and ↓ حَوَارٌ (S, K) and ↓ حِوَارٌ (K) and ↓ مَحُورَةٌ (S, K, TA, in the CK مَحْوُرَةٌ) and ↓ مَحْوَرَةٌ and ↓ مُحَاوَرَةٌ [originally an inf. n. of 3] and ↓ حِيرَةٌ (K) and ↓ حَوْرٌ, (TA,) An answer; a reply. (S, K.) You say, مَا رَجَعَ إِلَىَّ حَوِيرًا, &c., He did not return to me an answer, or a reply. (S.) [See a verse of Tarafeh cited voce مُجْمِدٌ.]

حَوِيرَةٌ, or حُوَيْرَةٌ: see what next precedes.

حَوَارِىٌّ One who whitens clothes, or garments, by washing and beating them. (S, M, Msb, K.) Hence its pl. حَوَارِيُّونَ is applied to The companions [i. e. apostles and disciples] of Jesus, because their trade was to do this. (S, M, Msb.) [Or it is so applied from its bearing some one or another of the following significations.] b2: One who is freed and cleared from every vice, fault, or defect: [or] one who has been tried, or proved, time after time, and found to be free from vices, faults, or defects; from حَارَ “ he returned. ” (Zj, TA.) b3: A thing that is pure, or unsullied: anything of a pure, or an unsullied, colour: and hence, b4: One who advises, or counsels, or acts, sincerely, honestly, or faithfully: (Sh:) or a friend; or true, or sincere, friend: (TA:) or an assistant: (S, Msb, K:) or a strenuous assistant: (TA:) or an assistant of prophets: (K:) or a particular and select friend and assistant of a prophet: and hence the pl. is applied to the companions of Mohammad also. (Zj.) b5: A relation. (K.) b6: And حَوَارِيَّةٌ A white, or fair, woman; (A;) as also ↓ حَوَرْوَرَةٌ; (T, K;) and so ↓ حَوْرَآءُ, without implying حَوَرٌ of the eye: (TA:) pl. of the first حَوَارِيَّاتٌ: (A:) or this pl. signifies women of the cities or towns; (K;) so called by the Arabs of the desert because of their whiteness, or fairness, and cleanness: (TA:) or women clear in complexion and skin; because of their whiteness, or fairness: (TA:) or women inhabitants of regions, districts, or tracts, of cities, towns, or villages, and of cultivated land: (Ksh and Bd in iii. 45:) or [simply] women; because of their whiteness, or fairness. (S.) حُوَّارَى White, applied to flour: (A, * K:) such is the best and purest of flour: (K, TA:) and in like manner applied to bread: (A:) or whitened, applied to flour; (S;) and, in this latter sense, to any food. (S, K.) [See also سَمِيدٌ: and see مُحَوَّرٌ.]

رَجُلٌ حَائِرٌ بَائِرٌ A man in a defective and bad state: (S, TA:) or perishing, or dying. (S.) [See the same phrase in art. حير: see also حَوْرٌ: and see بَائِرٌ, in art. بور; where it is said that بائر is here an imitative sequent of حائر.]

A2: See also مَحَارَةٌ.

أَحْوَرُ, (K,) applied to a man, (TA,) Having eyes characterized by the quality termed حَوَرٌ as explained above: (K:) and so حَوْرَآءُ, [the fem.,] applied to a woman: (S, Msb, K: *) pl. حُورٌ. (S, K.) And حُورُ العِينِ, applied to women, Having eyes like those of gazelles and of cows. (AA, S.) Az says that a woman is not termed حَوْرَآء unless Combining حَوَر of the eyes with whiteness, or fairness, of complexion. (TA.) See also حَوَارِيَّةٌ, under حَوَارِىٌّ. b2: طَرْفٌ أَحْوَرُ An eye of pure white and black. (A.) b3: الأَحْوَرُ A certain star: (S, K:) or (K) Jupiter. (S, K.) A2: Also (tropical:) Intellect: (ISk, S, K:) or pure, or clear, intellect; like an eye so termed, of pure white and black. (A.) So in the saying, مَا يَعِيشُ بُأَحْوَرَ (tropical:) [He does not live by intellect: or by pure, or clear, intellect]. (ISk, S, A.) أَحْوَرِىٌّ A man (TA) white, or fair, (S, K,) of the people of the towns or villages. (TA.) [See also حَوَارِىٌّ; of which the fem. is applied in like manner to a woman.]

مَحَارٌ: see مَحَارَةٌ, in two places.

مِحْوَرٌ The pin of wood, or, as is sometimes the case, of iron, on which the sheave of a pulley turns; (S;) the iron [pin] that unites the bent piece of iron which is on each side of the sheave of a pulley, and in which it [the محور] is inserted, and the sheave itself: and a piece of wood which unites (تَجْمَعُ) the sheave of a large pulley [app. with what is on each side of the latter; for it seems to mean here, also, the pivot]: (K:) some say that it is so called because it turns round, returning to the point from which it departed: others, that it is so called because, by its revolving, it is polished so that it becomes white: (Zj:) pl. مَحَاوِرُ. (A.) One says, قَلِقَتْ مَحَاوِرُهُ, meaning (tropical:) His circumstances, (A,) or affair, or case, (K,) became unsettled: (A, K:) from the state of the pin of the sheave of a pulley when it becomes smooth, and the hole becomes large, so that it wabbles. (A.) b2: Also A thing (K) of iron (TA) upon which turns the tongue of a buckle at the end of a waist-belt. (K.) b3: and An iron instrument for cauterizing [app. of a circular form: see 2]. (K.) b4: And The wooden implement (S, K) of the baker, or maker of bread, (S,) with which he expands the dough, (K,) and prepares it, and makes it round, to put it into the hot ashes in which it is baked: (TA:) so called because of its turning round upon the dough, as being likened to the محور of the sheave of a pulley, and because of its roundness. (T.) مَحَارَةٌ: see حَوْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A place that returns [like a circle]: or in which a return is made [to the point of commencement]. (K.) b2: A mother-of-pearl shell; an oyster-shell: (S, IAth, Msb, K:) or the like thereof, of bone: (S, K:) pl. مَحَاوِرُ and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ مَحَارٌ. (L.) b3: And hence, A thing in which water is collected; as also ↓ حَائِرٌ. (IAth.) b4: [Hence also,] An oyster [itself]; expl. by دَابَّةٌ فِى الصَّدَفَيْنِ. (L in art. محر.) b5: The cavity of the ear; (K;) i. e. the external, deep, and wide, cavity, around the ear-hole; or the صَدَفَة [or concha] of the ear. (TA.) b6: The part of the shoulder-blade called its مَرْجِع [q. v.]: (S, K:) or the small round hollow that is in that part of the shoulder-blade in which the head of the humerus turns. (TA.) b7: The small round cavity of the hip: and the dual signifies the two round heads [?] of the hips, in which the heads of the thighs turn. (TA.) b8: The palate; syn. حَنَكٌ: and without ة, i. e. ↓ مَحَارٌ, the same, of a man: and, this latter, the place, in a beast, where the farrier performs the operation termed تَحْنِيكٌ: (TA:) or the former signifies the upper part of the mouth of a horse, internally: (IAar, TA:) or the inner part of the palate: (Abu-l-' Omeythil, TA:) or, [which seems to be the same,] the portion of the upper part of the mouth which is behind the فِرَاشَة [or فِرَاش]: and the passage of the breath to the innermost parts of the nose: (TA:) or مَحَارَةُ الحَنَكِ signifies the part [of the palate] which is a little above the place where the farrier performs the operation termed تحنيك. (S.) b9: The part between the frog and the extremity of the fore part of a solid hoof. (Abu-l-' Omeythil, K.) What is beneath the إِطَار [q. v., app. here meaning the اطار of the hoof of a horse or the like]. (TA.) And The مَنْسِم [i. e. toe, or nail, &c.,] of a camel. (TA.) A3: A thing resembling [the kind of vehicle called] a هَوْدَج; (K;) pronounced by the vulgar [مَحَارَّة,] with teshdeed: pl. مَحَارْاتٌ (TA) [and مَحَائِرُ, which is often applied in the present day to the dorsers, or panniers, or oblong chests, which are borne, one on either side, by a camel, and, with a small tent over them, compose a هودج]: the [ornamented هودج called the]

مَحْمِل [vulgarly pronounced مَحْمَل] of the pilgrims [which is borne by a camel, but without a rider, and is regarded as the royal banner of the caravan; such as is described and figured in my work on the Modern Egyptians]. (Msb.) A4: I. q. خَطٌّ [A line, &c.]. (K.) b2: And i. q. نَاحِيَةٌ [A side, region, quarter, tract, &c.]. (K.) مَحُورَةٌ and مَحْوَرَةٌ: see حَوِيرٌ.

مُحْوَرُّ القِدْرِ The whiteness of the froth, or of the scum, of the cooking-pot. (S.) b2: جَفْنَةٌ مُحْوَرَّةٌ, [in the copies of the K, erroneously, مُحَوَّرَةٌ,] A bowl whitened by [containing] camel's hump, (S, L, K,) or its fat. (A.) مُحَوَّرٌ Dough of which the surface has been moistened with water, so that it is shining. (TA.) [See also 2.] b2: أَعْيُنٌ مُحَوَّرَاتٌ, in a verse of El-'Ajjáj, Eyes of a clear white [in the white parts] and intensely black in the black parts. (S.) A2: A boot lined with skin of the kind called حَوَرٌ. (K.) مُحَوِّرٌ A possessor of [flour, or bread, such as is termed] حُوَّارَى. (TA.) مُحَاوَرَةٌ: see حَوِيرٌ.

(ك ف أ) : (الْكُفُؤُ) النَّظِيرُ (وَمِنْهُ) كَافَأَهُ وَسَاوَاهُ وَتَكَافَئُوا تَسَاوَوْا (وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ) «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ وَمُتَسَرِّيهِمْ عَلَى قَاعِدِهِمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ» أَيْ يَتَسَاوَى فِي الْقِصَاصِ وَالدِّيَاتِ لَا فَضْلَ لِشَرِيفٍ عَلَى وَضِيعٍ وَإِذَا أَعْطَى أَدْنَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ أَمَانًا فَلَيْسَ لِلْبَاقِينَ نَقْضُهُ (وَيَرُدُّ) عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ أَيْ إذَا دَخَلَ الْعَسْكَرُ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ فَوَجَّهَ الْإِمَامُ سَرِيَّةً فَمَا غَنِمَتْ جَعَلَ لَهَا مَا سَمَّى وَرَدَّ الْبَاقِيَ عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ لِأَنَّهُمْ رِدْءٌ لِلسَّرَايَا (وَهُمْ يَدٌ) أَيْ يَتَنَاصَرُونَ عَلَى الْمِلَلِ الْمُحَارِبَةِ لَهَا (وَالْمُشِدُّ) الَّذِي دَوَابُّهُ شَدِيدَةٌ أَيْ قَوِيَّةٌ (وَالْمُضْعِفُ) بِخِلَافِهِ (وَالْمُتَسَرِّي) الْخَارِجُ فِي السَّرِيَّةِ أَيْ لَا يُفَضَّلُ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ هَذَا عَلَى هَذَا وَإِذَا بَعَثَ الْإِمَامُ سَرِيَّةً وَهُوَ خَارِجٌ إلَى بِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ فَغَنِمُوا أَشْيَاءَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْعَسْكَرِ «وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ» أَيْ بِكَافِرٍ مُحَارِبٍ وَقِيلَ بِذِمِّيٍّ وَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ (وَذَا الْعَهْدِ) الْحَرْبِيُّ يَدْخُلُ بِأَمَانٍ لَا يُقْتَلُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إلَى مَأْمَنِهِ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلامَ اللَّهِ} [التوبة: 6] وَقِيلَ «وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ بِكَافِرٍ» (وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ) «فِي الْعَقِيقَةِ شَاتَانِ مُتَكَافِئَتَانِ» وَيُرْوَى مُكَافِئَتَانِ وَمُكَافَأَتَانِ أَيْ مُتَسَاوِيَتَانِ فِي السِّنِّ وَالْقَدْرِ وَفِي حَدِيثِ) الْأَزْدِيُّ أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى رِكَازًا بِمِائَةِ شَاةٍ مُتْبَعٍ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّهُ إنَّ الْمِائَةَ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ أُمَّهَاتُهَا مِائَةٌ وَأَوْلَادُهَا مِائَةٌ (وَكَفْأَتُهَا) مِائَةٌ أَيْ أَوْلَادُهَا الَّتِي فِي بُطُونِهَا قَالَ الْخَارْزَنْجِيُّ الْكَفْأَةُ الْوَلَدُ فِي بَطْنِ النَّاقَةِ وَأَكْفَأْتُهُ نَاقَةً أَعْطَيْتُهُ إيَّاهَا يَشْرَبُ لَبَنَهَا وَيَنْتَفِعُ بِوَبَرِهَا وَنِتَاجِهَا وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ تَأْوِيلٌ آخَرُ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي الْمُعْرِبِ إلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا أَظْهَرُ (وَكَفَأَ) الْإِنَاءَ قَلَبَهُ لِيُفْرِغَ مَا فِيهِ وَأَكْفَأَ لُغَةً (وَمِنْهُ) الْحَدِيثُ فِي لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ وَإِنَّ الْقُدُورَ لَتَغْلِي بِهَا فَقَالَ أَكْفِئُوهَا وَرُوِيَ فَأُكْفِئَتْ وَرُوِيَ فَكَفَأْنَاهَا (وَعَنْ) الْكِسَائِيّ كَفَأْتُهُ كَبَبْتُهُ وَأَكْفَأْتُهُ أَمَلْتُهُ (وَمِنْهُ) كَانَ يُكْفِئُ لَهَا الْإِنَاءَ أَيْ يُمِيلُهُ (وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ) عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَأَكْفَأَهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ فَمَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ صَبَّهُ بِأَنْ أَمَالَ إنَاءَهُ وَهَذَا تَوَسُّعٌ وَاكْتَفَأَ الْإِنَاءَ كَفَأَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ (وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ) «لَا تَسْأَلُ الْمَرْأَةُ طَلَاقَ أُخْتِهَا لِتَكْتَفِئَ مَا فِي صَحْفَتِهَا» وَيُرْوَى لِتَكْتَفِيَ إنَاءَهَا وَيُرْوَى لِتَكْفَأَ مَا فِي إنَائِهَا وَالْمَعْنَى لِتَخْتَارَ نَصِيبَ أُخْتِهَا وَتَجْتَرَّهُ إلَى نَفْسِهَا.

كف

أ1 كَفَأَ He turned a thing over; as a man turns over a cake of bread in his band until it becomes even. ↓ يَتَكَفَّأُ occurs in a trad. respecting the Day of Resurrection, accord. to one relation, for يَكْفَأُ, in this sense: it is said that the earth will be like a single cake of bread, which God will turn over in his hand, as a man in a journey turns over a cake of bread. (TA.) كَفَأَ, (Ks, S, K,) inf. n. كَفٌءٌ and كَفَآءَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اكفأ, (IAar, S, K,) and ↓ اكتفأ; (S, K;) but the first word is said to be the most chaste; He inverted, or turned upside-down, (S, K,) a vessel &c. (S, TA.) [You say] كُفِئَتْ جَفْنَتُهُ [His bowl was turned upside-down; meaning] (tropical:) He was slain: a phrase similar to هُرِيقَ رِفْدُهُ. (A in art. رفد.) b2: كَفَأَ (TA) and ↓ اكفأ, (Ks, and rejected by As, (TA,) He inclined, or made to turn aside or incline, (S, K,) a bow, in shooting with it, and a vessel, (Ks, S,) &c. (TA.) and كَفَأَ (TA) and ↓ اكفأ, (K,) and ↓ انكفأ (TA) He, or it, inclined: intrans. (K, TA.) b3: كَفَأَهُ عَنْ شَىْ, (S, * K, * TA,) inf. n. كَفْءٌ, (S, TA,) He turned him away, or back from a thing; (S, K, TA;) as from a thing that he desired to do, to another thing. (S, TA.) and كَفَأَ عَنْ شَىْءٍ He turned away, or back, from a thing: intrans. (TA.) [See also 4 and 7.] كَفَأَ القَوُمُ The people turned away, or back. (K.) [See also 7.] b4: كَفَأَ He drove away a man, (K,) or camels. (L.) b5: كَفَأَ الإِبِلَ He made an assault upon the camels, and took them away. (TA.) b6: كَفَأَ He followed, or pursued, another. (K.) b7: كَفَأَ الغَنَمُ فِى الشِّعْبِ The sheep entered the ravine. (K.) b8: كَفَأَ لَوْنُهُ, and لونه ↓ اكفأ, and لونه ↓ تكفّأ, (TA,) and لوزه ↓ انكفأ, (K,) (as also انكفت لونه, TA,) (tropical:) His, or its, colour changed. (K.) 3 كافأهُ عَلَى شَىْءِ, inf. n. مُكَافَأَةُ and كِفَأءٌ, He requited, compensated, or recompensed, him for a thing. (S, K.) b2: مَا لِى بِهِ قِبَلٌ وَلَا كِفَآءٌ I have not power to requite him. (S.) b3: كافأه, (K,) inf. n. مُكَافَأَةٌ and كِفَآءٌ, (TA,) He was like him; was equal to him; equalled him. (K.) A2: كافأه He watched him; observed him. (K.) A3: كافأ, (K,) inf. n. مُكَافَأَةٌ, (TA,) He repelled; turned, or put away; kept away, or off; withstood, or resisted. (K, TA.) b2: كافأ بَيْنَ فَارِسَيْنِ بِرُمْحِهِ He thrust this horseman, and then that, with his spear. (K, TA.) b3: كافأ بين البَعِيرَيْنِ He stabbed this camel, and then that. (Z.) A4: لَا مُكَافَأَةَ عِنْدِى فِى كَذَا There is no concealment with me in respect of such a thing; as also لا مُحَاجَاةَ. (TA in art. حجو.) 4 أَكْفَاَ See 1, in four places. b2: اكفأ فِى سَيْرِهِ عَنِ القَصْدِ, (TA,) or كَفَأَ, (K,) He deviated, or turned aside, in his journey, from the object he had in view. (K, * TA.) A2: اكفأ الإِبِلَ كَفْأَتَيْنِ He divided the camels into two equal numbers, setting apart the one half for breeding during one year, and the other half for breeding during the next. It was esteemed the best plan, by the Arabs, to leave a she-camel for one year after her breeding, without suffering the stallion to cover her; in like manner as land is left fallow for a year. (S, TA.) b2: The same is also said of sheep &c. (TA.) A3: اكفأه إِبِلَهُ وَغَنَمَهُ (S, * K, * TA) He assigned to him the profits, (K,) or the profits for a year, (S,) of his camels and his sheep or goats; (K, TA;) i.e., their hair and wool, milk, and young ones. (S, TA.) A4: اكفأت الإِبِلُ Many of the camels had young ones in their wombs. (K.) A5: اكفأ البَيْتَ, (K,) inf. n. إِكْفَآءٌ, (S,) He made for the tent a كِفَآء. (S, K, TA.) A6: اكفأ, (K,) inf. n. إِكْفَاءٌ, (TA,) in poetry, accord. to a commentary on the Káfee, He used as the رَوِىّ two letters having their places of utterance near to each other; as ط with د: [such is the signification of the verb accord. to general usage in the present day:] or, accord. to the Ahkám el-Asás, he changed the روىّ from ر to ل, or ل to م: or he made a similar change of one letter to another having its place of utterance near to that of the former: or it has another signification, given below, accord. to the same authority: (TA:) or he used different letters in the rhymes; (S, K;) whether letters having their places of utterance near to each other, or the contrary; (TA;) or in some م and in some ن and in some د, and in some ط, and in some ح, and in some خ, &c.; as says Az; and this is the meaning known to the Arabs: (S:) or he used different vowels in the روىّ: (Fr, S:) or i. q. أَقْوَى: (S, K:) or, accord. to the Ahkám el-Asás, it signifies either as explained above on that authority, (TA,) or he used different final inflections in the rhymes: (K:) or he changed the final vowel in the rhyme; ending one verse with ضَمَّة, and another with كَسْرَة, [which are the two vowels that resemble each other]: (TA:) [see a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. غيب:] or he impaired the end of a verse in any way. (K.) Eloquent Arabs explained the meaning of the verb in this last manner to Akh, without defining any particular kind of impairment: but one made it to consist in the use of different letters. (TA.) 5 تكفّأ It (a vessel &c.) was inverted, or turned upside-down. (TA.) See also 1, in two places. b2: تكفّأ (as also تكّفى, inf. n. تَكَفٍّ; but the original word is that with hemzeh;) He inclined forwards, in walking, as a ship inclines in her course. Mohammad is said to have walked in this manner, which is indicative of strength. (TA.) [And so] تكفّأت She (a woman) moved her body from side to side, in walking, as the tall palm-tree moves from side to side. (S.) [And] She (a ship) inclined forwards in her course. (TA.) [See an ex., voce أَعْرَبَ, in this sense; or, as implied in the S, in the sense immediately preceding.]6 تَكَافَآ They two were like, or equal, each to the other. (S, K.) b2: تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ Their blood (i. e., the blood of the Muslims,) shall be equally retaliated, or expiated: (A 'Obeyd, S:) i. e., the noble shall have no advantage over the ignoble in the retaliation or expiation of blood. (A 'Obeyd.) 7 انكفأ He turned, or was turned, away, or back, from a thing that he desired to do; (S;) [see also 1;] he returned, or went back, or reverted. (S, K.) b2: Also, (TA,) or ↓ كَفَأَ, (K,) It (a party) became routed, defeated, or put to flight. (K, TA.) b3: See 1, in two places.8 إِكْتَفَاَ See 1. b2: اكتفأ أَهْلِيهِمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ [He carried off their families and their goods.] (TA, from a trad.; mentioned next after the explanation of كَفَأَ الإِبِلَ.) 10 استكفأه إِبِلَهُ He asked him for a year's produce of his camels; i.e., their young ones in the womb in one year; (S, TA;) or their hair and wool, milk, and young ones, of one year. (TA.) b2: استكفأه نَخْلَةً He asked him for a year's produce of a palm-tree. (TA.) كَفْءٌ and كُفْءٌ and كِفْءٌ and كُفُؤٌ see كِفَاءٌ, and for كِفْءٌ see also كَفِىْءٌ.

كَفْأَةٌ and ↓ كُفْأَةٌ (S, K) The young ones in the wombs of camels, in one year: or those after the dams have not conceived for one year or more: (K:) or a year's produce of camels [&c.]; i. e., their hair and wool, and their milk, as well as their young ones. (Az, S, K.) Yousay أَعْطِنِى كفأةَ نَاقَتِكَ Give me the year's produce, &c., of thy she-camel. (S.) b2: b3: And, both words (tropical:) A year's produce of a palm-tree. (K.) b4: (tropical:) A year's produce of a piece of land. (K.) See also 4.

كُفْأَةٌ: see كَفْأَةٌ.

كَفَآءٌ (K) and ↓ كَفَأءَةٌ (S, K) Likeness; equality. (S, K.) b2: كَفَأءٌ A slight inclination, to one side, of a camel's hump, and the like. This is the slightest of faults in a camel; for when the camel grows fat, his hump becomes erect. (TA.) كَفَآءٌ, originally an inf. n. [of 3], and ↓ كُفْءٌ and كُفُوْءٌ [&c., as in the following examples,] Like; equal; a match. (S.) b2: هٰذَا كِفَاؤُهُ, and ↓ كَفِيْئَتُهُ, and ↓ كَفِيؤُهُ, and ↓ كُفْؤُهُ, and ↓ كَفْؤُهُ, and ↓ كِفْؤُهُ, (in the CK, كَفُؤُهُ,) and ↓ كُفُوْؤُهُ, (in the CK, كُفُؤُهُ,) This is like, or equal to, him or it: (K:) And لَا كِفَآءَ لَهُ There is no one, or nothing, like, or equal, to him, or it. (S.) b3: Zj says, that the words of the Kur-án, وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُؤًا أَحَدٌ (cxii. 4,) may be read in four different ways: ↓ كُفُؤًا and ↓ كُفْئًا and ↓ كِفْئًا (in which three ways the word has been read) and كِفَاءً (in which last way it has not been read.) Ibn-Ketheer and AA and Ibn-'Ámir and Ks read كُفُؤًا: Hamzeh read كُفْئًا; and, in a case of pause, كُفَا, without hemzeh. (TA,) b4: Pl. (of كُفْءٌ and كِفْءٌ, and كُفُؤٌ, and perhaps of كَفْءٌ also, MF,) أَكْفَآءٌ and (of all the above forms excepting كِفَآءٌ, MF,) كِفَآءٌ. (K.) b5: كِفَآءٌ As much as is equal to another thing. (L.) b6: الحَمْدُ لِلّهِ كِفَآءَ الوَاجِبِ Praise be to God, as much as is incumbent. (K.) A2: كِفَآءٌ A curtain (سُتْرَة) extending from the top to the bottom of a tent, at the hinder part: or an oblong piece of staff at the hinder part of the kind of tent called خِبَاء: or a كِسَآء that is thrown upon a خباء, so as to reach the ground: (K:) or an oblong piece of stuff, or two such pieces well sewed together, attached by the kind of wooden pin called خِلَال to the hinder part of a خباء: (S:) or the hinder part of a tent: pl. أَكْفِئَةٌ. (TA.) See مِظَلَّةٌ in art. ظل.

كَفِىْءُ اللَّوْنِ, and اللون ↓ مَكْفُوْءُ, (K,) and اللون ↓ مَكْتَفِئُ, (TA,) (tropical:) Changed in colour: (K:) said of the countenance and of other things: as also مُكْتَفِتُ اللون. (TA.) b2: Also, مُكْفَأُ الوَجْهِ Changed in countenance. (TA.) A2: See كِفَآءٌ.

A3: كَفِىْءٌ and ↓ كِفْءٌ (as in the CK and a MS. copy of the K) or كِفِىْءٌ (as in the TA) The bottom, or interior, or inside, (بَطْن,) of a valley. (K.) كُفُوْءٌ: see كِفَآءٌ.

كَفَآءَةٌ: see كَفَآءٌ. b2: In marriage, Equality of the husband and wife in rank, religion, lineage house, &c. (L,) أَكْفَأُ, fem. كَفْأَى, A camel whose hump inclines slightly to one side. (TA.) b2: A camel's hump inclining to one side. (ISh.) مُكْفِئُ الظَّعْنِ The last of the days called أَيَّامُ العَجُوزِ. (TA.) [See عجوز.]

مَكْفُوْءُ اللّون: see كَفِىْءٌ.

مُكَافِئٌ Being like, or equal to: equalling. (S.) b2: Also, in the following words of a trad., كَانَ لَا يَقْبَلُ الثَّنَآءَ إِلَّا مِن مُّكَافِئِ, said to signify One of known sincerity in professing himself a Muslim: (IAmb:) or one not transgressing his proper bounds, nor falling short with respect to that [religion] to which God hath exalted him-(Az.) b3: شَاتَانِ مُكَافِئَتَانِ, (S, K,) and مُكَافَأَتَانِ. (K,) as the relaters of trads. say, (S,) in a trad. respecting the عَقِيقَة for a male child, (S, TA,) Two sheep, or goats, of equal age. (S, K.) Some assign to these words meanings slightly differing from the above; as, similar, one to another: also, slaughtered, one immediately after the other: (TA:) or slaughtered, one opposite to the other. (S.) مُكْتَفِئُ اللّون: see كَفِىْءٌ.

كفأ
: ( {كَافَأَهُ) على الشَّيْء (} مُكَافَأَةً {وكِفَاءً) كَقِتَالٍ أَي (جَازَاهُ) ، تَقول: مَا لي بِهِ قِبَلٌ وَلَا} كِفَاءٌ، أَي مَالِي بِهِ طاقَةٌ على أَنِّي {أُكافِئُه (و) } كافأَ (فُلاناً) مُكافأَ وكِفَاءً (: مَاثَلَه) ، وَتقول: لَا {كِفَاءَ لَهُ، بِالْكَسْرِ، وَهُوَ فِي الأَصل مصدرٌ، أَي لَا نَظِيرَ لَهُ، وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بن ثَابت:
وَرُوح القُدْسِ لَيْسَ لَهُ} كِفَاءُ
أَي جبريلُ عَلَيْهِ الــسلامُ لَيْسَ لَهُ نَظِيرٌ وَلَا مَثيلٌ. وَفِي الحَدِيث: (فَنَظَر إِليهم فَقال: مَنْ {يُكَافِىءُ هَؤُلَاءِ) ، وَفِي حَدِيث الأَحنف: لَا أُقَاوِمُ منّ لَا كِفَاءَ لَهُ. يَعْنِي الشيطانَ، ويروى: لَا أُقاوِلُ (و) } كافَأَه (: رَاقَبَهُ، و) من كَلَامهم: (الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كِفَاءَ الوَاجِبِ، أَي) قدر (مَا يَكُونُ {مُكَافِئاً لَهُ، والاسْمُ} الكَفَاءَةُ {والكَفَاءُ بفتحهما ومَدِّهما، هَذَا} كِفَاؤُهُ) بِالْكَسْرِ والمدّ، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
فَأَنْكَحَها لاَ فِي كِفَاءٍ وَلاَ غِنى
زِيَادٌ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ سَعْيَ زِيَادِ
( {وَكِفْأَتُه) بِكَسْر فَسُكُون وَفِي بعض النّسخ بِالْفَتْح والمدّ (} وكَفِيئُهُ) كأَميرٍ ( {وكُفْؤُهُ) كقُفْلٍ (} وكَفْؤُهُ) بِالْفَتْح عَن كرَاع ( {وَكِفْؤُهُ) بِالْكَسْرِ (} وكُفُوءُهُ) بِالضَّمِّ والمدّ أَي (مِثْلُه) يكون ذَلِك فِي كلّ شَيْء، وَفِي (اللِّسَان) : {الكُفْءُ: النظير والمُساوِي، وَمِنْه الكَفَاءَة فِي النّكاح، وَهُوَ أَن يكون الزَّوْجُ مُساوِياً للمرأَةِ فِي حَسَبِا ودِينِها ونَسَبِها وَبيْتِها وغَيْر ذَلِك. قَالَ أَبو زيد: سمعتُ امرأَةً من عُقَيْلٍ وزَوْجَها يقرآنِ {لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ} كُفُؤاً أَحَدٌ} (الْإِخْلَاص: 3، 4) فأَلقى الهمزةَ وحوَّل حَركتَها على الفاءِ، وَقَالَ الزّجاج فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: {وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ} أَربعة أَوْجُهٍ، القراءَةُ مِنْهَا ثلاثةٌ: كُفُؤاً بِضَم الْكَاف والفاءِ، {وكُفْأً بِضَم الْكَاف وَسُكُون الفاءِ،} وكِفْأً بِكَسْر الْكَاف وَسُكُون الْفَاء، وَقد قرىء بهَا،! وكِفَاءً بِكَسْر الْكَاف والمدّ، وَلم يُقْرَأْ بهَا، وَمَعْنَاهُ لم يكن أَحدٌ مِثلاً لله تَعَالَى جَلَّ ذِكْرُه، وَيُقَال: فُلانٌ {- كَفِيءُ فلانٍ} وَكُفُؤُ فلانٍ، وَقد قرأَ ابْن كَثيرٍ وأَبو عَمْرو وابنُ عامرٍ والكسائيُّ وعاصمٌ كُفُؤًا مُثقَّلاً مهموزاً، وقرأَ حَمزة بِسُكُون الفَاء مهموزاً، وإِذا وَقَف قرأَ كُفَا، بِغَيْر همزَة، واختُلِف عَن نَافِع فَرُوِي عَنهُ كُفُؤًا، مثل أَبي عَمْرو، وروى كُفْأً مثل حَمْزَة. (ج) أَي من كلّ ذَلِك ( {أَكْفَاءٌ) . قَالَ ابنُ سِيده: وَلَا أَعرف} للكَفْءِ جمعا على أَفْعَلٍ وَلَا فُعُولٍ وحَرِيءٌ أَن يَسَعه ذَلِك، أَعني أَن يكون أَكْفاء جَمْعَ كَفْءٍ المَفْتوح الأَوّل. (وكِفَاءٌ) جمع كَفِيءٍ، ككِرام وكَريم، والأَكفاء، كقُفْلٍ وأَقْفالٍ، وحِمْل وأَحمال، وعُنُقٍ وأَعْنَاق.
{وكَفَأَ القومُ: انصرفوا عَن الشيءِ (} وكَفَأَهُ كمَنَعَه) عَنهُ كَفْأً (: صَرَفَه) وَقيل {كَفَأْتُهم كَفْأً إِذا أَرادوا وَجْهاً فَصَرفْتَهم عَنهُ إِلى غَيره} فانكَفَئوا رَجَعُوا. (و) كَفَأَ الشْيءَ والإِناءَ {يَكْفَؤُه كَفْأً} وكَفَّأَه {فَتَكَفَّأَ، وَهُوَ} مَكْفُوءٌ (: كَبَّهُ) . حَكَاهُ صَاحب الواعي عَن الْكسَائي، وعبدُ الْوَاحِد اللّغَوِيّ عَن ابْن الأَعرابي، وَمثله حُكِيَ عَن الأَصمعي، وَفِي الفَصيح: {كَفَأْتُ الإِناءَ: كَبَبْتُه (و) عَن ابنِ دُرُسْتَوَيْه:} كَفَأَه بِمَعْنى (: قَلَبَهُ) حَكَاهُ يَعْقُوب فِي إِصلاح الْمنطق، وأَبو حاتمٍ فِي تَقْوِيم الْمُفْسد، عَن الأَصمعي، والزجّاج فِي فعلت وأَفعلت، وأَبو زيد فِي كتاب الْهَمْز، وكل مِنهما صحيحٌ. قَالَ شَيخنَا: وَزعم ابنُ دُرستويه أَن معنى قَلَبه أَمَالَه عَن الاستواءِ، كَبَّه أَو لَمْ يَكُبَّهُ، قَالَ: وَلذَلِك قيل:! أَكْفأَ فِي الشِّعْر، لأَنه قَلَبَ القوافِيَ عَن جِهَة استوائِها، فَلَو كَانَ مِثْلَ كَبَبْتُه كَمَا زعم ثعلبٌ لَمَا قِيل فِي القَوافي، لأَنها لَا تُكَبُّ، ثمَّ قَالَ شَيخنَا: وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَه ابنُ دُرستويه لَا مُعَوَّل عَلَيْهِ، بل الصَّحِيح أَن كَبَّ وقَلَبَ وكَفَأَ مُتَّحِدَةٌ فِي الْمَعْنى، انْتهى.
وَيُقَال: كَفَأَ الإِناءَ ( {كَأَكَفَأَهُ) رباعيًّا، نَقله الجوهريُّ عَن ابنِ الأَعرابيّ، وابنُ السكّيت أَيضاً عَنهُ، وابنُ القُوطِيّة وابنُ القطاع فِي الأَفعال، وأَبو عُبيدٍ البكريُّ فِي فَصْل المَقال، وأَبو عُبَيْدٍ فِي المُصَنَّف، وَقَالَ:} كَفَأْتُه، بِغَيْر ألف أفْصح، قَالَه شَيخنَا، وَفِي الْمُحكم أَنَّهَا لغةنادرة، قَالَ: وأباها الْأَصْمَعِي ( {واكتفأه) أَي الْإِنَاء مثل كفأه (و) كفأه أَيْضا بِمَعْنى (تبعه) فِي أَثَره، وكفأ الْإِبِل: [طردها] واكتفأها: أغار عَلَيْهَا فَذهب بهَا
وَفِي حَدِيث السليك ابْن السلكة: أصَاب أَهْليهمْ وَأَمْوَالهمْ} فاكتفأها. (و) كفأت (الْغنم فِي الشّعب)
أَي (دخلت) فِيهِ. وأكفأها: أدخلها، وَالظَّاهِر أَن ذكر الْغنم مِثَال فَيُقَال ذَلِك لجَمِيع الْمَاشِيَة
(و) كفأ (فلَانا: طرده) وَالَّذِي فِي اللِّسَان: وكفأ الْإِبِل وَالْخَيْل: طردها (و) كفأ (الْقَوْم) عَن الشَّيْء (انصرفوا) عَنهُ وَرَجَعُوا، وَيُقَال: كانالناس مُجْتَمعين {فانكفئوا (و) انكفتوا إِذا (انْهَزمُوا)
(و) أكفأ فِي سيره (عَن الْقَصْد: جَار. و) أكفأ} وكفأ (: مَال) كانكفأ (و) كفأ وأكفأ (: أمال [وقلب] )
قَالَ ابْن الْأَثِير: وكل شَيْء أملته فقد {كفأته
وَعَن الكسائيّ: أَكْفَأَ الشْيءَ. أَمالَه، لُغَيَّةٌ، وأَبَاها الأَصمعيُّ، وَيُقَال:} أَكْفأْتُ القَوْسَ إِذَا أَملْتَ رأْسَها وَلم تَنْصِبْهَا نَصْباً حِين ترمى عَنْهَا، وَقَالَ بعض: حِين ترمي عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ ذُو الرمة:
قَطَعْتُ بِهَا أَرْضاً تَرَى وَجْهَ رَكْبِهَا
إِذَا مَا عَلَوْهَا {مُكْفَأً غَيْرَ سَاجعٍ
أَي مُمَالاً غَيْرَ مُستقيمٍ، والساجِعُ القاصدُ: المُستَوِى المُستقِيم.} والمُكْفَأُ: الجائر، يَعني جائراً غيرَ قاصدِ، وَمِنْه السَّجْعُ فِي القَولِ. وَفِي حَدِيث الهرَّة أَنه (كَانَ) يُكفِيءُ لَهَا الإِناءَ، أَي يُمِيلُه لِتَشربَ مِنْهُ بسُهولة. وَفِي حَدِيث الفَرَعَةِ: خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَن تَذْبَحَه يَلْصَقُ لَحْمُه بِوَبَرِه وتُكْفِيءُ إِناءَكَ وتُولِهُ نَاقَتَكَ. أَي تَكُبُّ إِناءَك (لأَنه) لَا يَبْقَى لَك لَبَنٌ تَحْلُبُه فِيه، وتُولِيهُ ناقَتَكَ، أَي تَجْعَلُها وَالِهَةً بِذَبْحِك ولَدَها.
{ومُكْفِىءُ الظُّعْنِ: آخِرُ أَيَّامِ العَجُوز.
(و) أَكْفَأَ فِي الشِّعْرِ} إِكفاءً (: خَالَف بَيْنَ) ضُروب (إِعْرَابِ القَوَافِي) الَّتِي هِيَ أَواخرُ القَصيدة، وَهُوَ المخالفةُ بَين حَركاتِ الرَّوِيِّ رَفْعاً ونصْباً وجَرًّا، (أَو خَالَفَ بَيْنَ هِجَائِها) أَي القوافي، فَلَا يَلْزَم حَرْفاً وَاحِدًا، تَقَاربَتْ مخارِجُ الحُروف أَو تَباعدَتْ، على مَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِ الجوهريُّ، وَمثله بأَن يَجعل عَلَيْهِ الجوهريُّ، وَمثله بأَن يَجعل بعضَها مِيماً وبعضَها طاءً، لَكِن قد عَابَ ذَلِك عَلَيْهِ ابنُ بَرّيّ.
مثالُ الأَوّلِ:
بُنَيَّ إِنَّ البِرَّ شَيْءٌ هَيِّنُ
المَنْطِقُ اللَّيِّنُ والطُّعَيِّمُ
وَمِثَال الثّاني:
خَلِيلَيَّ سِيرَا واتْرُكا الرَّحْلَ إِنَّنِي
بِمَهْلَكَةٍ والعَاقِبَاتُ تَدُورُ
مَعَ قَوْله:
فَبَيْنَاهُ يَشْرى رَحْلَهُ قَالَ قَائِلٌ
لِمَنْ جَمَلُ رِخْوُ المِلاَطِ نَجِيبُ
وَقَالَ بَعضهم: الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْر هُوَ التعاقبُ بِي الراءِ وَاللَّام وَالنُّون.
قلت: وَهُوَ أَي! الإِكفاء أَحَدُ عيُوبِ القافية السّتَّة الَّتِي هِيَ: الإِيطاءُ، والتَّضمينُ، والإِقواءُ، والإِصرافُ، والإِكفاءُ، والسِّنادُ، وَفِي بعض شُروح الْكَافِي: الإِكفاءُ هُوَ اختلافُ الرَّوِيِّ بحُروفٍ مُتَقَارِبَةِ المخارج، أَي كالطَّاءِ مَعَ الدَّالِ، كَقَوْلِه: إِذَا رَكِبْتُ فاجْعلاني وَسَطَا
إِنِّي كَبِيرٌ لاَ أُطِيقُ العُنَّدَا
يُرِيد العُنَّتَ، وَهُوَ من أَقبح الْعُيُوب، وَلَا يجوز لأَحد من المُحدَثين ارتكابه، وَفِي (الأَساس) : وَمن الْمجَاز: أَكْفَأَ فِي الشِّعْرِ: قَلَب حَرْفَ الرَّوِيِّ مِن راءٍ إِلى لامٍ، أَو لامٍ إِلى ميمٍ، ونحوِه من الحروفِ المُتقارِبةِ المَخْرَجِ، أَو مخالفةِ إِعرابِ القوافي، انْتهى. (أَوْ) أَكفأَ فِي الشّعْر إِذا (أَقْوَى) فيكونان مُتَرادِفَيْنِ، نَقله الأَخفشُ عَن الخَليل وَابْن عبدِ الحَقّ الإِشْبِيلي فِي الواعي وَابْن طريف فِي الأَفعال، قيل: هما وَاحِد، زَاد فِي الواعي: وَهُوَ قَلْبُ القافية من الجَرِّ إِلى الرّفْع وَمَا أَشبه ذَلِك، مأْخوذٌ من كَفَأْتُ الإِناء: قَلَبْتُه، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
أَفِدَ التَّرَحُّلُ غَيْرَ أَنَّ رِكَابَنَا
لَمَّا تَزُلْ بِرِحَالِنَا وَكَأَنْ قَدِ
زَعَمَ الغُدَافُ بِأَنَّ رِحْلَتَنَا غَداً
وَبِذَاكَ أَخْبَرَنا الغُدَافُ الأَسْوَدُ
وَقَالَ أَبو عُبيدٍ البكريُّ فِي فَصْلِ المَقال: الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْر إِذا قُلْتَ بَيْتاً مَرْفُوعا وآخرَ مخفوضاً، كَقَوْل الشَّاعِر:
وهَلْ هِنْدُ إِلاَّ مُهْرَةٌ عَرَبِيَّةٌ
سَلِيلَةُ أَفْرَاسٍ تَجَلَّلَها بَغْلُ
فَإِن نُتِجَتْ مُهْراً كَرِيماً فَبِالْحَرَى
وَإِنْ يَكُ إِقْرَافٌ فَمِنْ قِبَلِ الفَحْلِ
(أَوْ أَفْسَدَ فِي آخِرِ البَيْتِ أَيَّ إِفْسَادٍ كانَ) قَالَ الأَخفش: وسأَلت العربَ الفُصحاءَ عَنهُ، فإِذا هم يَجعلونه الفسادَ فِي آخرِ الْبَيْت والاختلافَ، من غير أَنْ يَحُدُّوا فِي ذَلِك شَيْئا، إِلا أَني رأَيتُ بعضَهم يَجعله اختلافَ الْحُرُوف، فأَنشدته:
كَأَنَّ فَا قَارُورَةٍ لم تُعْفَصِ مِنْها حِجَاجَا مُقْلَةٍ لَمْ تُلْخَصِ
كَاينَّ صِيرَانَ المَهَا المُنَقِّزِ
فَقَالَ: هَذَا هُوَ الإِكفاءُ، قَالَ: وأَنشده آخرُ قَوافِيَ على حُروفٍ مُختلفةٍ، فعَابِه، وَلَا أَعلمه إِلاَّ قَالَ لَهُ: قد أَكْفَأْتَ. وَحكى الجوهريُّ عَن الفرَّاءِ: أَكفَأَ الشاعرُ، إِذا خَالف بَين حَركات الرَّوِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِثْلُ الإِقواءِ، قَالَ ابنُ جِنّي: إِذا كَانَ الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْرِ مَحْمُولا على الإِكفاء فِي غيرِه، وَكَانَ وَضْعُ الإِكفاء إِنما هُوَ للخلافِ ووقوعِ الشيْءِ على غيرِ وَجْهِهِ لمْ يُنْكَرْ أَنْ يُسَمُّوا بِهِ الإِقواءَ فِي اختلافِ حُرُوف الرَّوِيّ جَمِيعًا، لأَن كلَّ واحدٍ مِنْهُمَا واقعٌ على غيرِ استواءٍ، قَالَ الأَخفش: إِلا أَني رأَيتهم إِذا قَرُبتْ مَخَارجُ الحُروف، أَو كَانَت من مَخرَجٍ واحدٍ ثمَّ اشتَدَّ تَشابُهُمَا لم يَفْطُنْ لَهَا عَامَّتُهم، يَعْنِي عامَّةَ العربِ، وَقد عَابَ الشيخُ أَبو مُحَمَّد بن بَرِّيَ على الجوهريِّ قولَه: الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْر أَن يُخالَف بَين قَوَافِيه فتَجْعَل بعضَها ميماً وبعضَها طاءً، فَقَالَ: صوابُ هَذَا أَن يَقُول: وبعضَها نُوناً، لأَن الإِكفاءَ إِنما يكون فِي الْحُرُوف المتقاربة فِي المَخْرَجِ، وأَمَّا الطاءُ فليستُ من مَخْرَج المِيمِ. والمُكْفَأُ فِي كلامِ الْعَرَب هُوَ المقلوبُ، وإِلى هَذَا يَذهبون، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
وَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْنِي مِنَ الدَّهْرِ نَزْلَةٌ
شُغِلْتُ وَأَلْهَى النَّاسَ عَنِّي شُؤُونُهَا
إِذَا الفَارِغُ المَكْفِيُّ مِنْهُمْ دَعَوْتُهُ
أَبَرَّ وَكَانَتْ دَعْوَةً تَسْتَدِيمُهَا
فجَعَل الميمَ مَعَ النونِ لشَبهها بهَا، لأَنهما يَخرُجانِ من الخَياشيمِ، قَالَ: وأَخبرني من أَثِقُ بِهِ من أَهلِ العلمِ أَن ابْنَةَ أَبِي مُسافِعٍ قالتْ تَرثي أَباها (وقُتِلَ) وَهُوَ يَحْمِي جِيفَةَ أَبي جَهْلِ بنِ هِشامِ:
وَمَا لَيْثُ غَرِيفٍ ذُو
أَظَافِيرَ وَإِقْدَامْ
كَحِبِّي إِذْ تَلاَقَوْا
وَوُجُوهُ القَوْمِ أَقْرَانْ وأَنتَ الطَّاعِنُ النَّجْلاَ
ءَ مِنْهَا مُزْبِدٌ آنْ
وَبِالْكَفِّ حُسَامٌ صَا
رِمٌ أَبْيَضُ خَذَّامْ
وَقَدْ تَرْحَلُ بِالرَّكْبِ
فَمَا تُخْنِى بِصُحْبَانْ
قَالَ: جَمَعوا بَين الميمِ والنونِ لقُرْبهما، وَهُوَ كثيرٌ، قَالَ: وَسمعت من الْعَرَب مِثل هَذَا مَا لَا أُحْصِى، قَالَ الأَخفش: وبالجُمْلة فإِنّ الإِكفاءَ المخالفةُ، قَالَ فِي قَوْله:
{مُكْفَأً غَيْرَ سَاجِعِ
} المُكْفَأُ هَاهُنَا الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمُوافِقٍ. وَفِي حديثِ النَّابِغة أَنه كَانَ {يُكْفِىءُ فِي شِعْرِه، وَهُوَ أَن يخالِف بَين حركاتِ الرَّوِيّ رفعا ونصباً وجرًّا، قَالَ: وَهُوَ كالإِقْواءِ، وَقيل: هُوَ أَن يُخَالف بَين قَوافِيه فَلَا يَلْزَم حرفا وَاحِدًا كَذَا فِي (اللِّسَان) .
(و) أَكفأَت (الإِبِلُ: كَثُرَ نِتَاجُهَا) وَكَذَلِكَ الْغنم، كَمَا يُفيده سِياقُ المُحكم (و) أَكفأَ (إِبِلَهُ) وغَنَمَه (فُلاناً: جَعَلَ لَهُ مَنَافِعَهَا) أَوْبَارَها. وأَصوَافَهَا وأَشعارَها وأَلبانَها وأَولاَدَها.
(} والكَفْأَةُ) بِالْفَتْح (ويُضَمُّ) أَوَّلُه (: حَمْلُ النَّخْلِ سَنَتَهَا، و) هُوَ (فِي الأَرْضِ: زِرَاعَةُ سَنَتِهَا) قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
غُلْبٌ مَجَالِيحُ عِنْدَ المَحْلِ كُفْأَتُهَا
أَشطانُهَا فِي عَذَابِ البَحْرِ تَسْتَبقُ
أَراد بِهِ النَّخيلَ، وأَراد بأَشطانِها عُروقَا، والبَحْرُ هُنَا الماءُ الكثيرُ، لأَن النخْلَ لَا يَشْرب فِي البَحْرِ، وَقَالَ أَبو زيد: {استكْفَأْتُ فلَانا نَخْلَه إِذا سأْلْتَه ثَمَرها سَنَةً، فَجعل للنخْلِ كَفْأَةً، وَهُوَ ثَمَرةُ سَنَتِها، شُبِّهَتْ بِكَفْأَةِ الإِبل، قلت: فَيكون من الْمجَاز.
(و) الكَفْأَة (فِي الإِبِلِ) والغَنم (نِتاجُ عَامِهَا) } واستكْفأْتُ فُلاناً إِبلَه، أَي سأَلْتُه نِتَاجَ إِبلهِ سَنَةً! فأَكْفَأَنِيهَا، أَي أَعطاني لَبَنَها وَوَبَرَها وأَولادَها مِنْهُ، تَقول: أَعطِني كُفْأَةَ ناقَتك، تضمُّ وتفتَحُ، وَقَالَ غَيره: ونَتَجَ الإِبلَ {كَفُأَتَيْنِ، وأَكفَأَها إِذا جَعلها كُفْأَتينِ، وَهُوَ أَن يَجعلها نِصْفَيْنِ يَنْتِجُ كُلَّ عامٍ نِصْفاً وَيَدَعُ نُصْفاً، كَمَا يصنعُ بالأَرض بالزِّراعة، فإِذا كَانَ الْعَام المُقْبِل أَرسلَ الفحلَ فِي النَّصف الَّذِي لم يُرسله فِيهِ من العامِ الفارِطِ لأَن أَجْوَد الأَوقات عِنْد العَرب فِي نِتاجِ الإِبل أَن تُتْرَك النَّاقة بعد نِتاجِها سَنةً لَا يُحْمَلُ عَلَيْهَا الفَحْلُ ثمَّ تُضرَب إِذا أَرادَتِ الفَحْلَ، وَفِي (الصِّحَاح) : لأَن أَفضلَ النِّتاجِ أَن يُحْمَلَ على الإِبلِ الفُحُولَةُ عَاما وتُتْرَكَ عَاما، كَمَا يُصْنَع بالأَرضِ فِي الزِّراعة، وأَنشد قولَ ذِي الرُّمَّة:
تَرَى كُفْأَتَيْهَا تُنفِضان وَلَمْ يَجِدْ
لَهَا ثِيلَ سَقْبٍ فِي النِّتَاجَيْنِ لاَمِسُ
وَفِي (الصِّحَاح) : (كِلاَ} كَفْأَتَيْهَا) يَعْنِي أَنها نُتِجت كُلُّها إِنَاثاً، وَهُوَ محمودٌ عِنْدهم، قَالَ كعبُ بن زُهَيْر:
إِذَا مَا نَتَجْنَا أَرْبَعاً عَامَ كُفْأَةٍ
بَغَاها خَنَاسِيراً فَأَهْلَكَ أَرْبَعَا
الخَنَاسِيرُ: الهَلاكُ، (أَو) كُفْأَة الإِبِل (: نِتَاجُهَا بَعْدَ حِيَالِ سَنَةٍ أَو) بعد حِيالِ (أَكْثَرَ) مِن سَنةٍ، يُقَال من ذَلِك: نَتَجَ فُلانٌ إِبلَه كَفْأَةً وكُفْأَةً، وأَكْفأَتْ فِي الشاءِ مِثْلُه فِي الإِبل (و) قَالَ بَعضهم (مَنَحَهُ كَفْأَةَ غَنَمِهِ، ويُضَمُّ) أَي (وَهَبَ لَهُ أَلْبَانَهَا وَأَوْلاَدَهَا وأَصْوَافَها سَنَةً وَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الأُمَّهَاتِ) ووهَبْتُ لَهُ كُفْأَة نَاقَتي، تُضمّ وتُفتح، إِذا وهَبْتُ لَهُ وَلَدَها ولَبنَها وَوَبَرها سَنَةً، واستكْفَأَه فأَكْفَأَه: سأَلَه أَن يَجْعل لَهُ ذَلِك. وَعَن أَبي زيدٍ: استكفأَ زَيْدٌ عَمْراً نَاقَتَه، إِذا سأَله أَن يَهبها لَهُ وَولَدَها ووَبَرَها سَنةً، وروى عَن الْحَارِث بن أَبي الْحَارِث الأَزدِيِّ مِن أَهْلِ نَصِيبَيْن أَن أَباه اشْترى مَعْدِناً بِمِائَة شاةِ مُتْبِع، فأَتى أُمَّه فاستأْمَرَهَا، فَقَالَت إِنك اشتريتَه بثلاثِمائة شاةٍ: أُمُّها مائةٌ، وأَولادُها مائةُ شاةٍ، وكُفْأَتُها مائةُ شاةٍ. فندِمَ فاستقالَ صاحِبَه فَأَبَى أَن يُقِيله، فقَبض المَعْدِن فأَذابَه وأَخرج مِنْهُ ثَمَن أَلْفِ شاةٍ، فأَثَى بِهِ صاحِبُه إِلى عليَ رَضِي الله عَنهُ أَي وشَى بِهِ وسَعَى وَقَالَ: إِن أَبا الْحَارِث أَصابَ رِكَازاً. فسأَله عليٌّ رَضِي الله عَنهُ، فأَخبره أَنه اشْتَرَاهُ بمائةِ شاةٍ مُتْبِع، فَقَالَ عليٌّ: مَا أَرى الخُمُسَ إِلاَّ على البَائِع، فأَخذَ الخُمُسَ من الْغنم، وَالْمعْنَى أَن أُمَّ الرجلِ جعلَتْ كُفْأَة مائةِ شاةٍ فِي كلّ نِتاجٍ مائَة، وَلَو كانتْ إِبلاً كَانَ كفأَةُ مائةٍ من الإِبل خَمْسينَ، لأَن الغَنَمَ يُرْسَل الفَحْلُ فِيهَا وقْتَ ضِرابِها أَجْمَعَ، وتَحْمِلُ أَجمعَ، وليستْ مِثلَ الإِبلِ يُحْمَلُ عَلَيْهَا سنَةً، وسَنَةً لَا يُحْمَل عَلَيْهَا، وأَرادت أُم الرجلِ تكثيرَ مَا اشتَرَى بِهِ ابنُها، وإِعلامَه أَنَّه غُبِن فِيمَا ابتاعَ، فَفطَّنَتْه أَنه كأَنَّه اشتَرَى المَعدِنَ بثلاثِمائةِ شاةٍ، فَنَدم الابنُ واستقالَ بائعَه، فأَبَى بَارك اللَّهُ لَهُ فِي المعدِنِ، فحسَده البائعُ (على كَثْرَة الرّبع) وسَعَى بِهِ إِلى عليَ رَضِي الله عَنهُ، فأَلَزَمه الخُمُسَ، وأَضرَّ البائعُ بنفسِه فِي سِعَايته بِصَاحِبِهِ إِليه، كَذَا فِي (لِسَان الْعَرَب) .
(والكِفَاءُ) بِالْكَسْرِ والمدّ (كَكِتَابٍ: سُتْرَةٌ مِنْ أَعْلَى البَيْتِ إِلى أَسْفَلِهِ مِنْ مُؤَخَّرِهِ، أَو) هُوَ (الشُّقَّةُ) الَّتِي تكون (فِي مُؤَخَّرِ الخِبَاءِ، أَو) هُوَ (كِسَاءٌ يُلْقَى على الخِبَاءِ) كالإِزار (حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الأَرْضَ، و) مِنْهُ (: قَدْ أَكْفَأْتُ البَيْتَ) إِكْفَاءً، وَهُوَ مُكْفَأٌ، إِذَا عَمِلْتَ لَهُ كِفَاءً، وكِفَاءُ البيتِ مُؤَخَّرُه، وَفِي حَدِيث أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ: رأَى شَاةً، فِي كِفَاءِ البَيْتِ، هُوَ من ذَلِك، والجمعُ {أَكْفِئَةٌ، كحِمارٍ وأَحْمِرَةٍ.
(و) رجلٌ مُكْفَأُ الوجْهِ: مُتَغَيِّرُه سَاهِمُه ورأَيتُ فلَانا مُكْفَأَ الوَجْهِ، إِذا رَأَيْتَه كاسِفَ اللَّوْنِ سَاهِماً، وَيُقَال: رأَيته مُتَكَفِّيءَ اللوْنِ ومُنْكَفِتَ اللوْنِ، أَي مُتَغَيِّرَهُ. وَيُقَال: أَصبح فلانٌ} - كَفِيءَ اللوْنِ مُتَغَيِّرَهُ، كأَنه كُفِيءَ فَهُوَ (كَفِيءُ اللَّوْنِ) كأَمِيرٍ (! ومُكْفَؤُهُ) كَمُكْرَم، أَي (كَاسِفُهُ) ساهِمُه أَي (مُتَغَيِّرُهُ) لأَمْرٍ نَابَه، قَالَ دُرَيدُ بنُ الصِّمَّةِ:
وَأَسْمَرَ مِنْ قِدَاحِ النَّبْعِ فَرْعٍ
كَفِيءِ اللَّوْنِ مِنْ مَسَ وَضَرْسِ
أَي متغيّر اللَّوْنِ من كَثْرَة مَا مُسِحَ وعُصِرَ.
(وكَافَأَهُ: دَافَعُه) وقَاوَمَه، قَالَ أَبو ذَرَ فِي حَدِيثه: لنا عَبَاءَتَانِ {نُكافِىءُ بهما عَنَّا الشمسِ وإِني لأَخْشَى فَضْلَ الحِسابِ. أَي نُقابِل بهما الشمْسَ ونُدافِع، من المُكافَأَة: المُقَاوَمةِ.
(و) كَافَأَ الرجلُ (بَيْنَ فَارِسَيْنِ بِرُمْحِهِ) إِذا وَالَى بَينهمَا (طَنَنَ هَذَا ثُمَّ هَذَا. و) فِي حَدِيث العَقيقة عَن الْغُلَام (شَاتَانِ} مُكَافَأَتَانِ) بفتحا لفاءِ، قَالَ ابنُ الأَعرابيّ مُشْتَبِهَتانِ، وَقيل: مُتقارِبَتَان، وَقيل: مُسْتَوِيتانِ (وتُكْسَر الفَاءُ) عَن الخَطَّابِي، وَاخْتَارَ المحدِّيون الفَتْحَ، وَمعنى مُتَساوِيَتَان (كُل (وَاحِدَة) مِنْهُمَا مُسَاوِيَةٌ لِصَاحِبَتِها فِي السِّنِّ) فَمَعْنَى الحَدِيث: لَا يُعَقُّ إِلاَّ بِمُسِنَّةٍ، وأَقلُّه أَن يكون جَذَعاً كَمَا يُجْزِيءُ فِي الضَّحايا، قَالَ الخَطَّابي: وأَرى الفَتْحَ أَوْلَى، لأَنه يُرِيد شَاتَيْنِ قد سُوِّى بَينهمَا، أَي مُسَاوى بَينهمَا، قَالَ: وأَما الكَسْر فَمَعْنَاه أَنهما مُتساوِيتان، فيُحْتَاج أَن يَذْكُر أَيَّ شَيْءٍ سَاوَيَا، وإِنما لَو قَالَ {مُتَكافِئتان كَانَ الكَسْرُ أَوْلَى، وَقَالَ الزّمخشري: لَا فَرْقَ بَين} المُكافِئَتين {والمُكَافَأَتَيْنِ، لأَن كلّ واحدةٍ إِذا كافَأَت أُختَها فقد} كُوفِئَت، فَهِيَ {مُكافِئَة} ومُكَافَأَة، أَو يكون مَعْنَاهُ مُعَادِلَتَان لما يَجِب فِي الزكاةِ والأُضْحِيَّة من الأَسنانِ، قَالَ: وَيحْتَمل مَعَ الْفَتْح أَن يُرادَ مَذبوحتانِ، من كَافَأَ الرجلُ بَين البَعِيرينِ إِذا نَحرَ هَذَا ثمَّ هَذَا مَعًا من غير تفريقٍ، كأَنه يُريد (شاتيْنِ) يَذْبَحُهما فِي وقتٍ واحدٍ، وَقيل: تُذْبَحُ إِحداهما مُقابلةً الأُخرَى، وكلُّ شْيءٍ سَاوَى شَيْئاً حَتَّى يكونَ مِثلَه فَهُوَ {مُكافِىءٌ لَهُ، والمُكافَأَةُ بَين الناسِ من هَذَا، وَيُقَال: كافَأْتُ الرجلَ أَي فعَلْتُ بِهِ مثل مَا فَعَل بِي وَمِنْه} الكُفْءُ من الرِّجَال للمرأَةِ، تَقول: إِنه مثلُها فِي حَسبها.
وقرأَتُ فِي قُرَاضة الذَّهب لأَبي عليَ الحسنِ بنِ رَشيق القَيْرَوَانِيّ قولَ الكُمَيْتِ يَصِف الثورَ والكِلاب:
وَعاثَ فِي عَانَةٍ مِنْهَا بِعَثْعَثَةٍ
نَحْرَ {المُكَافِىءِ والمَكْثُورُ يَهْتَبِلُ
قَالَ: المُكافِيءُ: الَّذِي يَذبحُ شاتَيْنِ إِحداهما مُقَابِلَة الأُخرى للعقيقة.
(} وَانْكَفَأَ) : مَالَ، {كَكَفأَ، وأَكْفَأَ وَفِي حَدِيث الضَّحِيَّة: ثُمَّ انْكَفَأَ إِلى كَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ فذَبحَهما. أَي مَالَ و (رَجَعَ) ، وَفِي حَدِيث آخَرَ: فوضَع السَّيْفَ فِي بَطْنِه ثمَّ انْكَفَأَ عَلَيْهِ.
(و) } انْكَفَأَ (لَوْنُه) {كَأَكْفَأَ} وكَفَأَ {وتَكَفَّأَ وانْكَفَت، أَي (تَغَيَّرَ) وَفِي حَدِيث عُمَر أَنه انْكَفَأَ لَوْنُه عَامَ الرَّمَادَةِ، أَي تَغيَّر عَن حالِه حِين قَالَ لَا آكُلُ سَمْناً وَلَا سَمِيناً. وَفِي حَدِيث الأَنصاريّ: مَالِي أَرَى لَوْنَكَ} مُنْكفِئًا؟ قَالَ: من الجُوع. وَهُوَ مجَاز.
( {- والكَفِيءُ) كأَمِير (} والكِفْءُ، بِالْكَسْرِ: بَطْنُ الوَادِي) نَقله الصَّاغَانِي وابنُ سَيّده.
( {والتَّكَافُؤُ: الاستِواءُ) } وتكافَأَ الشَّيْئَانِ: تَماثَلا، {كَكَافَأَ، وَفِي الحَدِيث (المُسلمونَ} تَتَكَافَأُ دِماؤُهم) قَالَ أَبو عُبيدٍ: يُرِيد تَتَساوى فِي الدِّيَاتِ والقِصاص، فَلَيْسَ لِشَرِيفٍ على وَضِيع فَضْلٌ فِي ذَلِك.
وَمِمَّا بَقِي على المُصَنّف:
قَول الْجَوْهَرِي: {تَكَفَّأَت المرأَةُ فِي مِشْيَتِها: تَرَهْيَأَتْ ومَارَت كَمَا} تَتَكفَّأُ النخْلَةُ العَيْدَانَةُ، نقلَه شيخُنا. قلت: وَقَالَ بِشْر بنُ أَب حَازِم:
وَكَأَنَّ ظُعْنَهُمُ غَدَاةَ تَحَمَّلُوا
سُفُنٌ {تَكَفَّأُ فِي خَلِيجٍ مُغْرَبِ
هَكَذَا استشهَد بِهِ الجوهريُّ، واستَشْهد بِهِ ابنُ مَنْظُور عِنْد قَوْله: وكَفَأَ (الشيءَ) والإِناءَ} يَكْفَؤُه كَفْأً (وَكَفَّأَه) {فَتَكَفَّأَ، وَهُوَ} مَكْفُوءٌ: قَلَبَهُ.
وَمِمَّا يسْتَدرك عَلَيْهِ:
{الكَفَاءُ، كسحابٍ: أَيْسَرُ المَيل فِي السَّنام ونَحْوه، جَمَلٌ} أَكْفأُ وناقة {كَفْآءُ، عَن ابنِ شُمَيْلٍ: سَنامٌ أَكْفَأُ: هُوَ الَّذِي مالَ على أَحدِ جَنْبِي البعيرِ، وناقة} كَفْآءُ، وجَملٌ أَكْفَأُ، وَهَذَا من أَهْوَن عُيوبِ الْبَعِير، لأَنه إِذا سَمِنَ استقامَ سَنامُه.
وَمن ذَلِك فِي الحديثاءَنه صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلمكان إِذا مَشَى تَكَفَّأَ {تَكَفُّؤًا.} التَّكَفُّؤُ: التمايُلُ إِلى قُدَّامٍ كَمَا {تَتَكَفَّأُ السفينةُ فِي جَرْيها. قَالَ ابْن الأَثير: رُوي مهموزاً وغيرَ مهموزٍ، قَالَ: والأَصل الهمْزُ، لأَن مصدر تَفَعَّلَ من الصَّحِيح كتقدَّم تقدُّماً وتَكَفَّأَ تَكَفُّؤًا، والهمزة حرفٌ صَحيحٌ، فأَما إِذا اعتلَّ انكَسرت عَيْنُ المُستقبَل مِنْهُ نَحْو تَخَفَّى تَخَفِّياً وتَسمَّى تَسمِّياً، فإِذا خُفِّفَتِ الهمزةُ التحَقَتْ بالمعتلِّ، وصارَ تَكَفِّياً، بِالْكَسْرِ، وَهَذَا كَمَا جاءَ أَيضاً أَنه كَانَ إِذا مَشَى كأَنَّه يَنحَطُّ فِي صَبَبٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَة إِذا مَشَى تَقَلَّع. وَبَعضه يُوافقُ بَعْضاً ويُفَسَّره، وَقَالَ ثعلبٌ فِي تَفْسِير قَوْله كأَنّما ينحط فِي صَبَبٍ: أَراد أَنَّه قَوِيُّ البَدنِ، فإِذا مَشى فكأَنما يَمْشِي على صُدُورِ قَدَميْهِ من القُوَّةِ، وأَنشد:
الوَاطِئينَ عَلَى صُدُورِ نِعالِهِمْ
يَمْشُونَ فِي الدَّفَنِيِّ والأَبْرَادِ
} - والتَّكَفّي فِي الأَصل مهموزٌ، فتُرِكَ هَمْزُه، وَلذَلِك جُعِل الْمصدر تَكَفِّياً.
وَفِي حَدِيث القِيامة (وتَكُونُ الأَرْضُ خُبْزَةً واحدَة {يَكْفَؤُهَا الجَبَّارُ بِيَدهِ كَمَا} يَكْفَأُ أَحَدُكُمْ خُبْزَتَه فِي السَّفَرِ) وَفِي رِوَايَة ( {يَتَكَفَّؤُهَا) يُرِيد الخُبْزَةَ الَّتِي يَصْنَعها المُسافِرُ، ويضعُها فِي المَلَّةِ، فإِنها لَا تُبْسَط كالرُّقَاقَةِ وَإِنَّما تُقلبُ على الأَيْدي حَتَّى تَستَويَ.
وَفِي حَدِيث الصِّراط (آخِرُ مَنْ يَمُرُّ رَجُلٌ} يَتَكَفَّأُ بِهِ الضِّراطُ) أَي يَتَمَيَّلُ وَيَنْقَلِب.
وَفِي حَدِيث الطَّعَام غير {مُكْفَإٍ وَلَا مُوَدَّع، وَفِي رِوَايَة غير مَكْفِيءٍ، أَي غير مَرْدُود وَلَا مقلوب، والضميرُ راجعٌ للطعام، وَقيل من الكِفَايَة، فَيكون من المُعتل، والضميرُ لله سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى، وَيجوز رُجُوع الضَّمِير للحمد.
وَفِي حديثٍ آخر: كانَ لَا يقبَل الثَّناءَ إِلاَّ من مُكَافِيءٍ أَي من رجل يَعْرِف حقيقةَ إِــسلامــه وَلَا يَدْخل عِنْده فِي جُملةِ المُنافقين الَّذين يَقُولُونَ بأَلسنتهم مَا لَيْسَ فِي قُلُوبهم، قَالَه ابنُ الأَنباري، وَقيل: أَي منْ مُقارِب غير مُجَاوِزٍ حَدَّ مثلِه، وَلَا مُقَصِّرٍ عَمَّا رفَعه الله تَعَالَى إِليه، قَالَه الأَزهري، وَهُنَاكَ قَول ثَالِث للقُتَيْبِيِّ لم يرتضه ابنُ الأَنباري، فَلم أَذكُرْه، اُنْظُرْهُ فِي (لِسَان الْعَرَب) .

خنز

1 خَنِزَ, aor. ـَ (S, A, * Msb, K;) and خَنَزَ, aor. ـُ (Msb;) inf. n. of the former, خَنَزٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and of the former also, (K,) or of the latter, (Msb,) خُنُوزٌ; (Msb, K;) It (flesh-meat, S, A, Msb, K, and a date, and a walnut, TA) became stinking: (S, A, K:) or altered [in odour] : (Msb:) or maggotty and stinking: (TA:) like خَزِنَ. (S.) خَنَزٌ: see what next follows.

خَنِزٌ, applied to flesh-meat, (Msb, K,) and to a date, and a walnut, (TA,) Stinking: (K:) or altered [in odour]: (Msb:) or maggotty and stinking: (TA:) as also ↓ خَنَزٌ. (Yaakoob, K.) خُنْزُوَةٌ: see what next follows.

خُنْزُوَانٌ: see what next follows.

خُنْزُوَانَةٌ Pride; self-magnification; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ خُنْزُوَانٌ, and ↓ خُنْزُوَانِيَّة, and ↓ خُنْزُوَةٌ: (K:) so called because it changes one from the right state: (TA:) pl. of the first, خُنْزُوَانَاتٌ. (S.) You say, هُوَ ذُو خُنْزُوَانَاتٌ [He possesses proud feelings]. (S.) And فِيهِ خُنْزُوَانَةٌ In him is pride. (A.) And لَأَنْزَعَنَّ خُنْزُوَانَتَكَ [I will assuredly pluck out thy pride]. (TA.) خُنْزُوَانِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

خَنَازِ Stinking: (K:) used as a proper name, (TA,) applied to a woman: (K, TA:) from خَنِزَ said of flesh-meat. (TA.)

(ك ف ر) : (الْكَفْرُ) فِي الْأَصْلِ السَّتْرُ يُقَالُ كَفَرَهُ وَكَفَّرَهُ إذَا سَتَرَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) الْحَدِيثُ فِي ذِكْرِ الْجِهَادِ هَلْ ذَلِكَ مُكَفِّرٌ عَنْهُ خَطَايَاهُ يَعْنِي هَلْ يُكَفِّرُ الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ذُنُوبَهُ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ إلَّا الدَّيْنَ» أَيْ إلَّا ذَنْبَ الدَّيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ قَضَائِهِ وَالْكَفَّارَةِ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهَا تُكَفِّرُ الذَّنْبَ (وَمِنْهَا) كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَأَمَّا كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ فَعَامِّيٌّ (وَالْكَافُورُ) و (الْكُفَرَّى) بِضَمِّ الْكَافِ وَفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الرَّاءِ كِمُّ النَّخْلِ لِأَنَّهُ يَسْتُرُ مَا فِي جَوْفِهِ (وَالْكُفْرُ) اسْمٌ شَرْعِيٌّ وَمَأْخَذُهُ مِنْ هَذَا أَيْضًا (وَأَكْفَرَهُ) دَعَاهُ كَافِرًا (وَمِنْهُ) لَا تُكَفِّرْ أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكَ وَأَمَّا لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ فَغَيْرُ ثَبَتٍ رِوَايَةً وَإِنْ كَانَ جَائِزًا لُغَةً قَالَ الْكُمَيْتُ يُخَاطِبُ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَكَانَ شِيعِيًّا
وَطَائِفَةٌ قَدْ أَكْفَرُونِي بِحُبِّكُمْ ... وَطَائِفَةٌ قَالُوا مُسِيءٌ وَمُذْنِبُ
وَيُقَالُ أَكْفَرَ فُلَانًا صَاحِبُهُ إذَا أَلْجَأَهُ بِسُوءِ الْمُعَامَلَةِ إلَى الْعِصْيَانِ بَعْدَ الطَّاعَةِ (وَمِنْهُ) حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - وَلَا تَمْنَعُوهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ فَتُكَفِّرُوهُمْ يُرِيدُ فَتُوقِعُوهُمْ فِي الْكُفْرِ لِأَنَّهُمْ رُبَّمَا ارْتَدُّوا عَنْ الْإِــسْلَامِ إذَا مُنِعُوا الْحَقَّ (وَكَافَرَنِي) حَقِّي جَحَدَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُ عَامِرٍ إذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ الْقَاضِي بِشَيْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ (وَأَمَّا) قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - رَجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ فَكَأَنَّهُ ضَمَّنَهُ مَعْنَى الْمُمَاطَلَةِ فَعَدَّاهُ تَعْدِيَتَهُ (وَقَوْلُهُ) - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - «إذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْنُ آدَمَ كَفَّرَتْ جَمِيعُ أَعْضَائِهِ لِلْقَلْبِ» فَالصَّوَابُ اللِّسَانُ أَيْ تَوَاضَعَتْ مِنْ تَكْفِيرِ الذِّمِّيِّ وَالْعِلْجِ لِلْمَلِكِ وَهُوَ أَنْ يُطَأْطِئَ رَأْسَهُ وَيَنْحَنِيَ وَاضِعًا يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ وَلَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ لِأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ مَوْقُوفًا كَمَا قَرَأْتُهُ فِي الْفَائِقِ «إذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْن آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الْأَعْضَاءَ كُلَّهَا تُكَفِّرُ لِلِّسَانِ» الْحَدِيثَ (وَالْكَفْرُ) الْقَرْيَةُ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَهْلُ الْكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْقُبُورِ وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ سُكَّانَ الْقُرَى بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَوْتَى لَا يُشَاهِدُونَ الْأَمْصَارَ وَالْجُمَعَ (وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ) فِي (ق ن) .

كفر: لا يقال درعه فحسب بل كفر على درعه (حيان 55).
كفر: ارتد، خرج (من دينه)، انسحب (من حزبه) (بوشر).
كفر: أرغى، وأزبد، تذمر بشدة، جدّف (بوشر).
كفّر: انظر عند (فوك) في مادة discredere: حمله على الكفر (محيط المحيط، معجم التنبيه، والكامل 127، 4، 562، 611، 12 وعبد الواحد 124، 1 وهلال 41 وباين سميث 1799).
كفّر يمينه: عامبية وفصيحها كفّر عن يمينه (انظر الهامش المتقدم أي 252) (معجم الجغرافيا).
كفّر: كفّرتني: جعلتني أكفر (بوشر).
أكفر: أكفر فلاناً جعله كافراً (عباد 1، 255). (انظر الهامش السابق).
تكفّر: انظرها عند (فوك) في مادة Satisfacere.
كَفْر عامية كَفَر: القرية والعامة تفتح الفاء أيضاً (محيط المحيط). (وفي وصف مصر 72:12): القرية تتألف من كفور متعددة.
كفر اليهودي= قفر: قار، إسفلت (معجم الأسبانية 32).
كُفر. الكفر= بلاد الكفر (المقري 1، 92).
كفّر؟ انظر مكفّر.
كفّر يهودي: قار، إسفلت (الكالا).
كفرة: (سريانية) جفنة تصنع من قماش مشبك يحيط أغصان النخيل بعد أن يطلى بالقار (بار علي 4814، باين سميث 1802).
كُفّارة: (سريانية: كوفارة): منشفة، منديل (بار علي 4656، باين سميث 1799).
كَفّارة: توبة، ندم، عقوبة يفرضها الكاهن مقابل الإثم (بوشر).
كافر: مرتد، جاحد، مارق (بوشر).
كافر: جمعها كفرا: مراءٍ، لئيم، متظاهر بالتقوى (بوشر).
كافر: في نويبا يطلق هذا الاسم على الجُعل (الجعران) (بركهات نويبا23).
كافر: الدروع: ثوب يلبس على الزند (الزمخشري: الأساس).
كافور: في الشعر والإنشاء الرفيع يطلق الكافور على بياض. كقولهم كافور الصبح أو الصباح (بياض الفجر كالكافور) (عبد الواحد 80، 7 المقري 1، 445) مسك المداد وكافور القراطيس (المقري 3، 31).
كافور: عصفة الخمر، شميم الخمر، وعطرها (أنظر في مادة مزاج).
الكافور اليهودي: واسمه باللاتينية Laurus Camphora ( ابن البيطار 1، 509).
كافور الكعك: zedorir ( سانك). كافورة: camphree ( اسم نبات) (بوشر)؛ (أعتقد إنه النبات نفسه، أو ما يقرب منه، الذي يطلق عليه Camphorata Monspeliensis) هذا ما ورد في ترجمة (لين) لألف ليلة 641:3. انظر (باجني) أيضاً (ص197).
كافوري: بياض كالفور (المقري 439:2)؛ شمع كافوري: شمع أبيض (بوشر).
كافوري: نعت لنوع من أنواع المشمش والخوخ (معجم الجغرافيا).
كافوريّة: أقحوان (جمع أقاح): Parthenium ( ابن البيطار 1، 73) وهي عند (شيرب) و (رولاند) تسمى chrysantheme = أقحوان.
تكفير: جحود، ارتداد (هيلو).
تكفيري: استغفاري (بوشر).
مُكفّر: (الكلمة مكتوبة من دون حركة وغير مشكّلة) هي باللاتينية Edia؛ وقد قرأها (سكاليجر) بهذا الشكل إلا إنه أضاف إليها نجمة (علامة قطبية) مما يدل على إن معناها كان غامضاً لديه جعلها غامضة لدي أيضاً.
مُكفّر، مكفر اليمين: (أصبح في حل من يمينه) (الكالا).
( Suelto de Juramento) .
مُكفّر: مكوّن من (الكافور) (معجم المنصوري).
مُكفَّر: قصيدة لا تحتوي على غير الحكم والنصائح (الجريدة الآسيوية 2:1849، 249).
الكَفّر: (الجريدة الآسيوية 2:1839، 164) يبدو إنها من خطأ الطباعة.
المكَفّر: معناه بالأسبانية: معول صغير، مَغرس معزق (انظر معجم الأسبانية 167).
والكلمة، وفقاً لموريسك ألونزو دل كاستيلو هي بالعربية (المُكَفَّر) (سيمونيه).
مُكَوفر: كافور (بوشر) الشمع المكوفر (ألف ليلة، برسل2، 48 و10 98) (ماكني شمع الكافور).