دست

دَسْتٌ i. q. دَشْتٌ, (K,) A [desert, or such as is termed] صَحْرَآء: an arabicized word [from the Pers\. دَشْتْ]: (Msb, K:) or it is either a dial. var. of دشت or an arabicized word from this latter. (TA.) A2: The upper end of a chamber, which is the most honourable place therein: (A, K, TA:) in this sense an arabicized word [from the Pers\. دَسْتْ]. (K.) b2: Hence, [A place, or seat, of honour: a seat of office: used in these senses in the present day:] used by the later writers to signify a court, or council; syn. دِيوَانٌ: and the court, or council, (مَجْلِس,) of a wezeer or governor. (TA.) b3: A thing against, or upon, which one leans, or stays himself: (Har p. 261:) a pillow, or cushion. (Id. p. 276.) A3: Headship, rule, dominion, government, or superiority. (MF.) A4: A game; a single act of a game or play: pl. دُسُوتٌ. (TA.) You say, الدَّسْتُ لِى The game is mine: and الدَّسْتُ عَلَىَّ The game is against me. (Har p. 130.) And تَمَّ عَلَيْهِ الدَّسْتُ [The game ended, or has ended, against him]: this is said of one who is overcome: the Arabs in the Time of Ignorance used to say so when a man's arrow [in the game called المَيْسِر] was unsuccessful, and he did not attain his desire. (TA.) [In the contrary case, one says, تَمَّ لَهُ الدَّسْتُ The game ended, or has ended, in his favour.] فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ الدَّسْتِ [Such a one is a good player] is said of a skilful chess-player. (A.) And a poet says, تَفَرْزَنُ فِى أُخْرَى الدُّسُوتِ البَيَاذِقُ [The pawns become queens in the ends of the games: تَفَرْزَنَ being for تَتَفَرْزَنَ]. (TA.) b2: [It is also used in the present day to signify A trick of cards.] b3: And An evasion, a shift, a wile, or an artifice; or art, artifice, cunning, ingenuity, or skill: (MF, and Har p. 130:) and deceit, delusion, guile, or circumvention. (Har ibid.) A5: Also, (TA,) or دَسْتٌ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ, (Msb, K, TA,) as also دَشْتٌ من الثياب, (TA in art. دشت,) [A suit, or complete set, of clothes;] the clothes which a man wears and which suffice him for his going to and fro in the transaction of his affairs: pl. as above: (Msb:) in this sense, also, an arabicized word [from the Pers\. دَسْتْ]. (K.) El-Hareeree has mentioned together instances of this word in three different senses, in the 23rd Makámeh, where he says, نَاشَد تُّكَ اللّٰهَ أَلَسْتَ الَّذِى أَعَارَهُ الدَّسْتْ فَقُلْتُ لَا وَالَّذِى أَجْلَسَكَ فِى هٰذَا الدَّسْتْ مَا أَنَا بِصَاحِبِ ذٰلِكَ الدَّسْتْ بَلْ أَنْتَ الَّذِى

تَمَّ عَلَيْهِ الدَّسْتْ I conjure thee by God [to tell me], art thou not he who lent him the suit of clothes? And I said, No, by Him who seated thee in this place of honour, I am not the owner of that suit of clothes: but thou art he against whom the game hath ended. (TA.) b2: and دَسْتٌ مِنَ الوَرَقِ, (K,) as also دَشْتٌ من الورق, (TA in art. دشت,) [A quire, or twenty-five sheets folded together, of paper: still used in this sense: pl. as above:] in this sense, also, an arabicized word [from the Pers\. دَسْتْ]. (K.) b3: [دَسْتٌ is also used in the present day in a similar, but more extensive, sense; as signifying A lot, or parcel, of things: of some things, ten; of others, twelve; &c.]

A6: Also an appellation applied, as mentioned by El-Khafájee in the “ Shifá el-Ghaleel,” by the common people of Egypt and of other countries of the East, to A copper cooking-pot: (MF:) [it is still used in this sense; applied in Egypt to a copper cookingpot wide at the bottom, contracted at the mouth, and more contracted a little below the mouth. And دَسْتُ خَشَبٍ is applied to A shallow wooden tub.]

دست: دسْت (اتبع كلما تيسر لي الترتيب الذي في معجم لين لمعاني الكلمة): هذا القسم من الأرائك يكون في صدر الحجرة وهو مجلس الشرف. وقد أطلق على الكتاب اسم كاتب الدست أو موقع الدست لأنهم يجلسون على مصطبة في حضور السلطان في ديوان القضاء حين عرض القضايا وقراءة موجز من صحيفة الدعوى وبيان الطلبات الختامية. انظر لمزيد من التفاصيل مملوك (202: 239) وما يليها.
وتعني كلمة أيضاً العرش أي الكرسي أو الأريكة التي يجلس عليها الملك (مملوك 202: 237).
ودست: بساط، طنفسة. هذا إذا كان دي سلان قد أحسن ترجمة العبارة التي نقلها عن ابن خلكان (3: 126).
ودست: مرادف مجلس بمعنى القاعة التي يلقى فيها الأستاذ دروسه، أو بالأحرى تناقش المسائل الأدبية أو العلمية. ففي كتاب الخطيب (ص30 و): طويل الصمت إلا في دست تعليمه. وفي القلائد (ص59):
فدم هكذا يا فارس الدست والوغى ... لتطعن بالإقلاع فيها وبالقنا
ودست: سلطان، رئاسة، سيادة. انظر مملوك (2، 2: 236). ودست: لعبة، مباراة في اللعب بخاصة مباراة في لعب الشطرنج (ابن الأثير 7: 116، ألف ليلة 1: 375، برسل 1: 246، 12، 140). وأيضاً: دورة مصارعة. ألف ليلة 1: 364، 365).
ودست: رقعة الشطرنج، وقد أطلق كاترمير (مملوك 2، 2: 237) هذا المعنى على كلمة دست التي جاءت في شطر البيت الذي ذكره ابن خلكان (7: 107 طبعة وستنفيلد): وإذا البيادق في الدسوت تفرزفت حيث تعنى بالأحرى لعبة أو مباراة شطرنج، كما هو في الشطر الذي نقله لين.
غير أني أرى أن الكلمة تعني رقعة الشطرنج فيما ما يذكره ابن عبد الملك (ص124 ق): لاعبت الزمان في دست الحدثان فضربني في طرة الحــرمان شاه مات. وكذلك عند المقري (1: 882): وهو شديد الحزن لأن ... الخ وأن بياذيق الجوانب فرزنت ولم يعد رخ الدست بيت بنائه.
ولا بد أن لهذه الكلمة معنى آخر في لعب الشطرنج لأن ما ذكرناه آنفاً لا يتفق مع ما جاء في هذا البيت (ألف ليلة 1: 375).
كأنما الشاه عند الرخ موضعه ... وقد تفقد دستاً بالفرازين
يا دست: اسم لعبة (محيط المحيط).
ودسْت: موكب، حاشية السلطان أو الوزير. (مملوك 2، 2: 236، الفخري ص353)، وكبار الحاشية الذين يصحبون الأمير. (فليشر معجم ص13).
ودست: صحن، وقد أخطأ فليشر حين قال (المعجم ص13) أن الكلمة لا تدل على هذا المعنى، فقد ذكر كاترمير (مملوك 2، 2: 238 - 9) أمثلة عديدة لذلك، ويقول ابن بطوطة (1: 137) أن الصحون تسمى بهذا الاسم في بعلبك. وفي الفخري (ص131): فأكل معه دستاً من الخبز السمبذ. ودست: قدح أو كوب يستعمل للشرب (فليشر معجم ص14، مملوك 2، 2: 239 في التعليق).
ودست: دنين، دن صغير، ودست الغسيل: مركن تغسل فيه الثياب (بوشر).
دَسْنَة: نطلق على عدد من الملاعق دزينة مثلاً (محيط المحيط).
دستة ورق: رزمة أوراق اللعب (بوشر، همبرت ص114).
دَسْتي، يقل دستي (في مخطوطة ب) ويطلق اسم البقول الدستية على البقول البرية كلها وهي التي لا تزرع (ابن البيطار 1: 155).
ويظهر أنها نسبة إلى دست بمعنى صحراء، ودشتي بالفارسية تعني في الحقيقة بري لم يزرع.
وعند ابن العوام (1: 136) قد فسرت دستي بأسباناخ.
دستية، وتجمع على دساتي: مركن تغسل فيه الثياب (معجم الادريسي).

رق

1 رَقَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, * Msb, K,) inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, (JK, S, Mgh, K, * TA,) It (a thing, JK, S, Mgh, Msb, TA) had the quality termed دِقَّةٌ; (K, TA; [in the CK, الرَّقَّةُ is erroneously put for الدِّقَّةُ;]) [i. e.] it was, or became, the contr. of غَلِيظٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) and of ثَخِينٌ: (S, TA:) [or rather, properly, it is the contr. of ثَخُنَ; i. e. it was, or became, thin as meaning of little thickness in comparison with its breadth and length together; little in extent, or depth, between its two opposite surfaces: thin, fine, delicate, flimsy, unsubstantial, or uncompact, in texture &c.; said of a garment and the like: shallow, or of little depth; said of water, and of sand, &c.: thin as meaning wanting in spissitude; said of mud &c.: attenuated: see رِقَّةٌ, below; and رَقِيقٌ:] and ↓ استرق [in like manner] signifies the contr. of استغلظ [and therefore contr. of غَلُظُ; for these last two verbs are syn.]. (S, K.) b2: [Hence,] رَقَّتْ عِظَامُهُ, [inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, or رَقَقٌ, or both, (and if so, the second Pers\. may be رَقَقْتَ and رَقِقْتَ, and the aor. ـِ and يَرَقُّ,) (assumed tropical:) His bones became weak; or became thin, and consequently (assumed tropical:) weak; meaning] (assumed tropical:) he became aged: (JK:) or it is said of one who has become aged. (TA. [See رِقَّةٌ and رَقَقٌ below; and see also رَقِيقٌ.]) b3: And رَقَّ, [inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, weak: and abject, mean, paltry, or contemptible: see رَقِيقٌ: and see also 4:] his patience, or endurance, became weak, or weakened: (TA:) he was, or became, weak-hearted, and fearful; as also رَقَّ قَلْبُهُ: (Mgh:) and affected with shame, shyness, or bashfulness. (K, TA.) b4: And رَقَّ لَهُ, (Mgh, K, *) first Pers\. رَقَقْتُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, [tender-hearted, (see رَقِيقٌ and أَرَقُّ,)] merciful, compassionate, or pitiful, to him; (Mgh, K;) as also رَقَّ لَهُ قَلْبُهُ: (TA:) and لَهُ ↓ ترقّق signifies the same as رَقّ لَهُ قَلْبُهُ. (S, K.) b5: [And رَقَّ كَلَامُهُ (assumed tropical:) His speech was, or became, soft or tender, or easy and sweet, or elegant, graceful, or ornate: see رَقِيقٌ, and see also 2. b6: And رَقّ صَوْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) His voice was, or became, slender, or soft, or gentle. b7: And رَقَّتْ حَالُهُ (assumed tropical:) His state, or condition, was, or became, narrow in its circumstances, or evil: see رِقَّةٌ, below, and 4; and see also 4 in art. خف. b8: And رَقَّ عَيْشُهُ (assumed tropical:) His living, or sustenance, was, or became, scanty.] b9: And رَقَّ عَدَدُهُ (tropical:) His years that he numbered were for the most part passed, so that the remainder was little (رَقِيق) in his estimation. (IAar, TA.) A2: رَقَّ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. رِقٌّ, (S, * Mgh, Msb, K,) He was, or became, a slave; (S, * Mgh, Msb, K; *) or he remained a slave. (Mgh.) A3: رَقَّهُ and ↓ ارقّهُ He made him a slave: (Msb:) or ↓ the latter signifies he kept him as a slave; (Mgh;) contr. of أَعْتَقَةُ; (S, Mgh;) as also ↓ استرقّهُ: (S:) or ↓ the second and ↓ third, he possessed him as a slave; (K;) and so رَقَّهُ; accord. to ISk and Az and others: (TA:) or ↓ استرقّهُ signifies he made him, or took him as, a slave; (Mgh;) or he brought him into a state of slavery. (TA.) 2 رقّقهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَرْقِيقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ارقّهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِرْقَاقٌ; (TA;) contr. of غَلَّظَهُ; (K;) or He made it, or rendered it, رَقِيق [i. e. thin, as meaning of little thickness in comparison with its breadth and length together; &c.: see 1, first sentence; and رَقِيقٌ, below]. (S, TA.) b2: [Hence,] تَرْقِيقُ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) The making speech to be [soft or tender, or easy and sweet, or] elegant, graceful, or ornate; the beautifying, or embellishing, and adorning, of speech. (S, TA.) and hence, (TA,) it is said in a prov., (S,) أَعَنْ صَبُوحٍ

تُرَقِّقُ (S, K, TA) (tropical:) Dost thou allude (K, TA) gracefully, courteously, politely, or delicately, (TA,) to a morning-draught? (K, TA:) [the origin of which prov. was this:] a certain man named Jábán alighted by night at the abode of a people, and they entertained him, and gave him an evening-draught; and when he had finished it, he said, “When ye shall have given me a morning draught, how shall I enter upon my way and prosecute the object of my want? ” whereupon the saying above was addressed to him: (K, * TA:) it is applied to him who makes an allusion to a thing, like this guest, who desired to oblige the people to give him the morning draught: and was said by Esh-Shaabee to one who spoke of kissing a woman when meaning thereby جِمَاع. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] رقّق صَوْتَهُ (K in art. حزن) or ↓ ارقهُ (S in that art.) (assumed tropical:) [He made his voice slender, or soft, or gentle]. b4: تَرْقِيقٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) [The pronouncing a word with the slender sound of the lengthened fet-h (like the sound of “ a” in our word “father ”), and with the ordinary sound of the letter ل; both as in بِاللّٰهِ and للّٰهِ;] the contr. of تَفْخِيمٌ. (Kull p. 127.) b5: رقّق المَشْىَ, said of a camel, (K, TA,) (tropical:) He went an easy pace: and ↓ ترقّق, alone, signifies the same. (TA.) [See also R. Q. 2.] b6: رقّق بَيْنَ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) He created, or excited, disorder, disturbance, disagreement, or dissension, or he made, or did, mischief, between, or among, the people. (TA.) 4 ارقّ, said of the white grape, (AHn, O, K,) It was, or became, thin in its skin and abundant in its juice: (AHn, TA:) or completely ripe. (O, K.) b2: Said of a man, (tropical:) He was, or became, in a state, or condition, narrow in its circumstances, or evil; i. q. صَارَ رَقِيقَ الحَالِ, (JK,) or سَآءَتْ حَالُهُ. (K, TA.) b3: أَرَقَّتْ بِهِمْ أَخْلَاقُهُمْ (tropical:) Their natural dispositions were, or became, niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious. (TA.) A2: ارقهُ: see 2, in two places. b2: See also 1, last sentence, in three places.5 تَرَقَّّ see 1: b2: and see also 2.

A2: تَرَقَّقَتْهُ She (a girl) captivated his heart so that his patience, or endurance, became weak, or weakened. (TA.) 6 لَا تَدْرِى عَلَى مَا يَتَرَاقُّ هَرِمُكَ (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest not what thing thou wilt choose: (JK:) or to what state, or condition, thy mind will come at the last. (TA.) The origin of the word (يتراقّ) is unknown. (JK.) [See also art. هرم.]10 إِسْتَرْقَ3َ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] استرقّ المَآءُ The water [became shallow: and hence,] (tropical:) sank into, or disappeared in, the earth, except a little. (K, TA.) b3: And استرقّ اللَّيْلُ (assumed tropical:) The night for the most part passed. (TA.) A2: استرقّهُ: see 1, last sentence, in three places. R. Q. 1 رَقْرَقَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. رَقْرَقَةٌ, (TK,) He poured it forth in small quantity; namely, water &c.: (K:) or he made it to come and go; namely, water. (S.) b2: رقرق الثَّرِيدَ بِالسَّمْنِ He poured a little clarified butter upon the broken bread; (K, TA;) i. e. made it savoury therewith: or, as some say, poured much thereof upon it. (TA.) b3: رقرق الثَّوْبَ بِالطِّيبِ He made the perfume to run [to and fro (as is implied in the S)] upon the garment: (TA:) [or he poured and rubbed the perfume upon the garment.] El-Aashà says, وَتَبْرُدُ بَرْدَ رِدَآءِ العَرُوسِ فِى الصَّيْفِ رَقْرَقْتَ فِيهِ العَبِيرَا [And she is cool, with the coolness of the وِشَاح (see رِدَآء) of the bride, in summer, upon which thou hast poured and rubbed perfume mixed with saffron &c.]. (S, TA: in the latter, بِالصَّيْفِ.) b4: رقرق الخَمْرَ He mixed the wine. (TA.) b5: رقرق عَيْنَهُ He made his eye to shed tears. (TA.) b6: It is said in a trad., تَجِىْءُ فِتْنَةٌ فَتُرَقْرِقُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا, meaning [Sedition, or the like, will come, and] one act thereof will cause desire for another by its embellishment thereof, or investing it with charms. (TA.) b7: [See also رَقْرَقَةٌ, below.] R. Q. 2 تَرَقْرَقَ It (water, &c.,) poured forth in small quantity. (TA.) b2: He, or it, ran in an easy manner. (TA.) [See also 2, last sentence but one.] b3: It (water, S, TA) was, or became, in a state of motion, or commotion; (K, TA;) in which sense, [meaning it flickered,] it is [also] said of the سَرَاب [or mirage]; (O, K; [see also another explanation below;]) [it went to and fro;] it came and went. (S, K, TA.) And in like manner, (S,) ترقرق الدَّمْعُ The tears went round about at the inner edge of the eyelid-(S, K.) And ترقرقت الشَّمْسُ The sun appeared as though it were turning round (A'Obeyd, K, TA) and coming and going, by reason of its nearness to the horizon, and of vapours intervening between it and the eyes; which it does not when it is high. (A'Obeyd, TA.) b4: It (a thing) shone, or glistened; (JK, S, K;) as does the سَرَاب [or mirage]. (JK.) b5: ترقرقت عَيْنُهُ His eye shed tears. (TA.) رَقٌّ: see رَقِيقٌ; and رُقٌّ.

A2: Also, (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ رِقٌّ, (Msb, K,) but the latter is a rare dial. var. though some read thus in the Kur lii. 3, (Msb,) [Parchment; and vellum; so in the present day; or] skin, (Mgh, Msb,) or thin skin, (S, K,) upon which one writes: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or (so accord. to the Mgh, but in the K “ and ”) a white [i. e. blank] صَحِيفَة [which means a paper and a piece of skin, but generally such as is written upon]: (JK, Mgh, K:) or metaphorically applied to (tropical:) a skin written upon: properly one upon which one writes: (Bd in lii. 3:) accord. to Fr, (assumed tropical:) the صَحَائِف [i. e. papers, or pieces of skin, meaning records,] that will be produced to the sons of Adam on the day of resurrection; which indicates that such as is written is also thus termed: (Az, TA:) in the Kur lii. 3, [accord. to some,] applied to (assumed tropical:) the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: or the Kur-án. (Jel.) A3: Also, (K,) or the former word [only], (JK, S, Msb,) The tortoise: (JK:) or a great tortoise: (S, K:) or the male tortoise: (Msb:) and the crocodile: (JK:) or, (K,) accord. to Ibráheem El-Harbee, (TA,) a certain aquatic reptile, (K, TA,) [app. the turtle, or sea-tortoise,] having four legs, and claws, or nails, and teeth in a head which it exposes and conceals, and which is killed for food: (TA:) pl. رُقُوقٌ. (A'Obeyd, JK, S, Msb, K.) رُقٌّ Shallow, applied to water; or shallow water; (↓ مَآءٌ رَقِيقٌ; IDrd, K, TA;) not copious, or not abundant; (IDrd, TA;) in a sea, or great river, or in a valley; (IDrd, K, TA;) as also ↓ رَقٌّ; (K;) and so ↓ رُقَارِقٌ. (IDrd, K.) b2: See also رَقَاقٌ.

رِقٌّ: see رَقٌّ. [It is indicated in the K that it is syn. with the latter word in all of its (the latter's) senses: but I do not find it to be so in any other lexicon.] b2: A thin thing. (S. [There expl. as signifying شَىْءٌ رَقِيقٌ; but perhaps by this may be meant that it is an epithet syn. with رَقِيقٌ, as it is said to be in the K.]) See رَقِيقٌ. b3: The leaves of trees: or the branches that are easy for the cattle [to eat]. (K.) b4: And A certain thorny plant. (K.) b5: See also رَقَاقٌ.

A2: Also The state, or condition, of a slave; slavery; servitude; (JK, S, Msb, K;) and so ↓ رِقِّيَّةٌ. (KL.) رَقَّةٌ Any land by the side of a valley, over which the water spreads in the days of the increase, and into which it then sinks, or disappears, (S, K,) and which therefore produces good herbage: (S:) pl. رِقَاقٌ. (K.) b2: See also رَقَاقٌ.

رِقَّةٌ [an inf. n. of رَقَّ in several senses, as shown above, in the first paragraph of this art.]: it is explained in the K as syn. with دِقَّةٌ: [see 1, first sentence:] but El-Munáwee says, in the “ Tow-keef,” that the former is like the latter [as meaning Thinness], but that the latter is said with regard to the lateral parts of a thing, and the former with regard to the depth of a thing [or the extent between the two opposite surfaces thereof]: thus, in a material substance, such, for instance, as a garment, or piece of cloth, [&c.,] it is [thinness as meaning little thickness in comparison with the breadth and length together; littleness in extent, or depth, between the two opposite surfaces: fineness, delicateness, flimsiness, unsubstantialness, or uncompactness, in texture &c.:] the contr. of [ثَخَانَةٌ and] صَفَاقَةٌ: (TA:) [in water, and sand, &c., shallowness, or littleness of depth: (see رُقٌّ:) in mud, and anything imperfectly liquid, thinness as meaning want of spissitude: an attenuated state or condition of anything.] b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Weakness; (Mgh;) as in the phrase رِقَّةُ جَانِبٍ [weakness of resistance; similar to لِينُ جَانِبٍ; contr. of غِلَظُ جَانِبٍ]; (Ham p. 631;) [and in the phrase رِقَّةُ دِينٍ weakness of religion: (see رَقِيقٌ:) also abjectness, meanness, paltriness, or contemptibleness: and weak-heartedness, and fearfulness: (see 1:)] and shame, shyness, or bashfulness. (K.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) [Tender-heartedness, (see رَقِيقٌ and أَرَقُّ,)] mercy, compassion, or pity; (K;) and so رِقَّةُ قَلْبٍ: (TA in art. حن:) in the soul, it is the contr. of جَفْوَةٌ and قَسْوَةٌ. (ElMunáwee, TA.) b4: [And (assumed tropical:) Softness or tenderness, or easiness and sweetness, or elegance, gracefulness, or ornateness, of speech: see رَقِيقٌ, and see also 2. b5: And (assumed tropical:) Slenderness, softness, or gentleness, of voice.] b6: And (assumed tropical:) Evilness [or narrowness of the circumstances] of state or condition: so in the saying, عَجِبْتُ مِنْ قِلَّةِ مَالِهِ وَرِقَّةِ حَالِهِ (assumed tropical:) [I wondered at the paucity of his property, and the evilness, or the narrowness of the circumstances, of his state or condition]. (TA.) b7: [And (assumed tropical:) Scantiness of living or sustenance &c.] b8: And رِقَّةُ بَطْنٍ (assumed tropical:) [A looseness, or diarrhœa]. (TA in art. خلف.) رَقَقٌ, an inf. n., (KL, [see 1,]) [Thinness, and consequently] (tropical:) weakness (JK, S, K, KL, TA) of the bones, (JK,) or in the bones, (TA,) or of the bone, (KL,) or as in the bone, (S,) and in a camel's foot: (TA:) [and] lightness in a horse's hoof. (AO, TA.) b2: (tropical:) Paucity: thus in the saying, فِى مَالِهِ رَقَقٌ (tropical:) [In his property is paucity]: (JK, S, K, TA:) mentioned by Fr, (S,) or by A'Obeyd thus, but the saying mentioned by Fr is مَا فِى مَالِهِ رَقّقٌ (tropical:) There is not in his property paucity. (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Scantiness (رِقَّة) of food. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

رَقَاقٌ A [desert tract such as is called] صَحْرَآء: (K:) or a wide, or spacious, صحرآء, of soft soil, beneath which is hardness: (TA:) or a level, (S, K, TA,) expanded, (TA,) tract of land, of soft soil, beneath which is hardness: (S, K, TA:) or a tract from which the water has sunk into the ground; as also ↓ رُقَاقٌ and ↓ رَقَّةٌ [q. v.]: or a soft and wide tract of land; (K, TA;) accord. to As, without sand; (TA;) as also ↓ رِقٌّ and ↓ رُقٌّ and ↓ رَقَقٌ; (K;) the last of which is a contraction of رَقَاقٌ, used by Ru-beh, (S, TA,) by poetic license. (TA.) A2: يَوْمٌ رَقَاقٌ A hot day. (Fr, K.) [See also رَقْرَاقٌ.]

رُقَاقٌ: see رَقِيقٌ. b2: Also, (JK, S, K,) as a subst., (Th, S,) or خُبْزٌ رُقَاقٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) Thin bread, (↓ خُبْزٌ رَقِيقٌ, JK, S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) such as is [flat, or flattened, or] expanded: (TA:) n. un. رُقَاقَةٌ, (Mgh, * Msb, K,) meaning a single thin, round cake of bread: (Mgh:) one should not say رِقَاقَةٌ, with kesr: (K:) the pl. of رُقَاقٌ accord. to the K is رِقَاقٌ; but this is pl. of رَقِيقٌ, like as كِرَامٌ is pl. of كَرِيمٌ. (TA.) [See also مُرَقَّقٌ.] b3: مَشَى مَشْيًا رُقَاقًا, said of a camel, means رَقَّقَ المَشْىَ, (K, TA,) i. e. (tropical:) He went an easy pace. (TA.) b4: See also رَقَاقٌ.

رَقِيقٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) fem. with ة, (TA,) Having the quality termed دِقَّةٌ; (K, TA; [see 1, first sentence, respecting a mistranscription in the CK;]) as also ↓ رُقَاقٌ, (K,) of which the fem. is likewise with ة; (TA;) and ↓ رُقَّاقٌ, (K,) like رُمَّانٌ; (TA;) [i. e.] contr. of غَلِيظٌ; (S, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ رَقٌّ (K, TA) and ↓ رِقٌّ: (K:) and contr. of ثَخِينٌ: (S, TA:) [or rather this last is the proper explanation of رَقِيقٌ, as well as of all the other epithets above mentioned; (see رِقَّةٌ;) i. e. thin as meaning having little thickness in comparison with its breadth and length together; having little extent, or depth, between its two opposite surfaces:] applied to bread that is [flat, flattened, or] expanded; such as is termed رُقَاقٌ, q. v.: (TA:) and to a garment, or piece of cloth, (Mgh, El-Munáwee, TA,) and the like, as meaning thin, fine, delicate, flimsy, unsubstantial, or uncompact, in texture &c.; contr. of صَفِيقٌ; (El-Munáwee, TA;) as also ↓ رُقَارِقٌ: (TA:) and to water [as meaning shallow, or of little depth; and in like manner to sand]: see رُقٌّ: (IDrd, K, TA:) [thin as meaning wanting in spissitude; applied to mud &c.: attenuated:] pl. رِقَاقٌ (TA) and أَرِقَّةٌ. (JK.) [Hence,] الرَّقِيقَانِ The part between the خَاصِرَة [or flank] and the رُفْغ [or groin, on either side]: (AA, K:) and the pl. الأَرقَّةُ the thin parts at the flanks of she-camels. (JK.) Also, the dual, الرقيقان, The حِضْنَانِ [or part between the armpit and the flank, on either side]. (K, TA. [In the CK الخُصْيانِ, q. v.]) And [The two veins called] the أَخْدَعَانِ [q. v.]. (K.) And, of the nose, The two sides: (K:) so says As: or the رَقِيق of the nose is the thin and soft part of the side. (TA.) b2: [Also Thin, or attenuated, and consequently (assumed tropical:) weak, in the bones: see رَقَقٌ.] You say نَاقَةٌ رَقِيقَةٌ meaning (assumed tropical:) A she-camel whose marrow-bones have become weak and thin (ضَعُفَتْ وَرَقَّتْ), and whose medullary canal is wide: pl. رِقَاقٌ and رَقَائِقُ. (IAar, TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Weak: and abject, mean, paltry, or contemptible: applied to a man [&c.]. (TA.) And goats are called مَالٌ رَقِيقٌ [Weak cattle] because they have not the endurance of sheep. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) Weak-hearted. (Mgh.) And رَقِيقُ القَلْبِ (assumed tropical:) Soft, or tender, of heart; contr. of قَاسِى القَلْبِ. (El-Munáwee, TA.) b5: [(assumed tropical:) Soft or tender, or easy and sweet, or elegant, graceful, or ornate, speech or language.] رَقِيقُ اللَّفْظِ means [(assumed tropical:) Soft or tender, &c., of expression; applied to a man: and also soft or tender or] easy and sweet expression. (Har p. 8.) b6: [(assumed tropical:) Slender, or soft, or gentle, applied to the voice.] b7: رَجُلٌ رَقِيقُ الحَوَاشِى (assumed tropical:) A man gentle, gracious, or courteous, to his associates. (TA in art. حشى.) And عَيْشٌ رَقِيقُ الحَوَاشِى (tropical:) A soft or delicate, pleasant, or plentiful and easy, life. (TA.) b8: [عَيْشٌ رَقِيقٌ may sometimes mean the same: but it commonly means (assumed tropical:) Scanty living or sustenance.] b9: And فُلَانٌ رَقِيقُ الدِّينِ وَالحَالِ (tropical:) [Such a one is weak in respect of religion, and narrow in the circumstances of, or evil in, his state or condition: see رِقَّةٌ]. (TA.) A2: Also A slave, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) male and female; (Msb;) [but] the latter is [also] called رَقِيقَةٌ: (Lh, JK, TA:) and slaves; for it is used as sing. and pl.; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) like رَفِيقٌ and خَلِيطٌ: (TA:) accord. to Abu-l-'Abbás, so called because they are abject and submissive to their owner: (TA:) the pl. of رَقِيقٌ is أَرِقَّآءُ, (Msb, TA,) erroneously said in the K to be رِقَاقٌ; (TA;) and that of رَقِيقَةٌ is رَقَائِقُ. (Lh, TA.) Using it as pl., you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ رَقِيقِى [These are my slaves]. (Mgh.) And لَيْسَ فِى الرَّقِيقِ صَدَقَةٌ, i. e. [There is no poorrate] in the case of slaves used for service [as distinguished from those that are for sale]. (Msb.) [See also مُرَقٌّ.]

رُقَّى [fem. of أَرَقُّ, q. v.].

رُقَّاقٌ: see رَقِيقٌ, first sentence.

رِقِّيَّةٌ: see رِقٌّ last sentence.

رَقْرَقَةٌ inf. n. of R. Q. 1. (TK.) b2: Quickness in going and coming. (JK. [If an inf. n. in this sense, its verb is perhaps رُقْرِقَ.]) رَقْرَاقٌ: see رُقَارِقٌ. b2: Also, applied to a collection of clouds (سَحَابٌ), Going and coming. (TA.) See also the next paragraph. b3: Applied to tears (دَمْعٌ), Going round about at the inner edge of the eyelid. (TA.) b4: Anything shining, or glistening. (S, TA.) [Hence,] رَقْرَاقَةٌ A woman (As, TA) as though water were running upon her face: (As, K, TA:) or رَقْرَاقَةُ البَشَرَةِ a girl whose external skin shines, or glistens, (Ham p. 622, and TA,) with whiteness: (TA:) pl. رَقَارِقُ, applied to soft, or tender, young women. (Ham ubi suprà.) [Hence also,] الرَّقْرَاقُ is The name of a sword of Saad Ibn-'Obádeh El-Ansáree. (K.) b5: Applied to a day, i. q. صَارٌّ [app. a mistranscription for حَارٌّ, i. e. Hot; like رَقَاقٌ; as though shining, or glistening, with the sunlight]. (Fr, TA.) A2: The تَرَقْرُق [or commotion, or moving to and fro, or coming and going, whether real or apparent,] of the سَرَاب [or mirage], and of anything that shines, or glistens. (JK.) رُقْرُقَانُ السَّرَابِ What is in a state of commotion, of the سراب [or mirage]: (IDrd, O, K:) and السَّرَابِ ↓ رَقْرَاقُ means [the same, or] what [moves to and fro, or undulates, or] comes and goes, of the سراب. (S.) And سَرَابٌ رُقْرُقَانٌ [Mirage] that shines, or glistens. (TA.) رُقَارِقٌ: see رَقِيقٌ, first sentence: and رُقٌّ. Also, applied to the سَرَاب [or mirage], (so in the CK,) or شَرَاب [i. e. wine or beverage], (so in copies of the K and in the O and TA,) [the former of which readings I think the more probably that which is correct, supposing the mirage to be likened to shallow water, which is thus termed, but Freytag prefers the latter reading,] i. q. رَقِقُ [app. as meaning Shallow, or perhaps thin]; (IDrd, O, K;) and so ↓ رَقْرَاقٌ. (IDrd, O.) b2: and A sword having much مَآء [q. v.; i. e. much diversified with wavy marks, streaks, or grain; or having much lustre]: (IDrd, K, TA:) or shining, or glistening, much. (TA.) أَرَقُّ [compar. and superl. of رَقِيقٌ; i. e. More, and most, thin, &c.]. رُقَّى, [its fem.,] applied to a piece of fat (شَحْمَةٌ), means مِنْ أَرَقِّ الشَّحْمِ; [i. e. Of the finest, or most delicate, sort of fat; (in the CK, erroneously, مِنْ أَرَقَّ الشَّحْمُ;)] (JK, K, TA;) such that no one comes upon it without his eating it. (JK, TA.) Hence the prov., وَجَدْتَنِى الشَّحْمَةَ الرُّقَّى عَلَيْهَا المَأْتَى [Thou hast found me to be the finest, or most delicate, piece of fat, to which there is a way of access]: said by a man to his companion when he esteems him weak. (JK, Sgh, K.) [See also شَحْمُهُ الرُّكَّى, or شَحْمَةُ الرُّكَّى, in art. رك.] b2: هُمْ أَرَقُّ قُلُوبًا (assumed tropical:) They are more, or most, tender-hearted; and more, or most, inclined to accept admonition. (TA.) مَرَقٌّ sing. of مَرَاقُّ, (Hr, K,) which signifies The thin, or delicate, and soft, or tender, parts of the belly: (S, K:) or the lower part thereof with what surrounds it, that is thin or delicate [in the skin]: (TA as from the S [but not in my copies of the latter]:) or the lower part of the belly, in the region of the صِفَاق [q. v.], beneath the navel: (T, TA:) and metonymically applied in a trad. respecting ablution to the lower part of the belly of a man, together with the رُفْغَانِ [or groins] and the genitals and the [other] places of which the skin is thin or delicate: and, of a camel, the أَرْفَاغ [or groins, and similar places of flexure or creasing]: (TA:) or (K) مَرَاقُّ [thus applied] has no sing. (S, K.) Also The soft part of the nose, (JK, TA,) in the side thereof; [i. e. each of the alæ thereof;] as also ↓ مُسْتَرَقٌّ: (TA:) pl. as above. (JK.) مُرَقٌّ and ↓ مَرْقُوقٌ, mentioned by ISk, (Msb, TA,) and by Az, and in the 'Ináyeh, therefore the disallowing of the latter by some is not to be regarded, (TA,) or the latter is for مَرْقُوقٌ لَهُ meaning “ compassionated,” (Mgh,) Made a slave: (Msb:) or possessed as a slave: (TA:) [or kept as a slave: (see 1, last sentence:)] fem. of the former with ة, (Msb, TA,) and so of the latter. (Msb.) [See also رَقِيقٌ, last signification.]

مُرِقٌّ A horse thin in the hoof: (K:) or light therein. (AO, TA.) مُرَقَّقٌ A cake of bread [made thin and] wide, or broad. (TA.) [See also رُقَاقٌ.]

مِرْقَاقٌ A baker's rolling-pin; (MA;) the thing with which bread is made thin [and flat]; (K;) i. q. مِحْوَرٌ [q. v.] and صَوْبَجٌ. (TA, in art. لط.) مَرْقُوقٌ: see مُرَقٌّ.

مَالٌ مُتَرَقْرقٌ لِلسِّمَنِ, or لِلْهُزَالِ, (K, TA,) and لِأَنْ يَرْمِدَ, (TA,) Cattle disposed, (K, TA,) and seen to be near, (TA,) to fatness, or to leanness, (K, TA,) and to perishing. (TA.) مُسْتَرَقٌّ: see مَرَقٌّ.

اصل

1 أَصُلَ, (K,) inf. n. أَصَالَةٌ; (TA;) or أَصِلَ; (M;) It (a thing, M) had, or came to have, root, or a foundation; (M, K;) as also ↓ تأصّل: (M:) or it was, or became, firm, or established, and firmly rooted or founded; as also ↓ تأصّل: (K:) and [in like manner] ↓ استأصل it (a thing) was, or became, firm in its root or foundation, and strong. (Msb.) You say, الشَجَرَةُ ↓ اِسْتَأْصَلَتِ The tree [took root; or] grew, and became firm in its root. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَصُلَ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. as above, (S, M,) He (a man, S, * M) was, or became, firm, (S, M, K;) or sound, (S,) of judgment; (S, M, K;) intelligent. (M: [and so, probably, in correct copies of the K; but in a MS. copy of the K and in the CK; and TA, instead of عَاقِل, the reading in the M, I find عَاقِب.]) b3: Also, (S, * K,) inf. n. as above, (S, TA,) It (judgment, or opinion,) was, or became, firm, or sound, (S, * TA,) or good. (K.) b4: And, inf. n. as above, It (a thing) was, or became, eminent, noble, or honourable. (Msb.) A2: أَصَلَهُ, [aor. and inf. n. as in what follows next after this sentence,] He hit, or struck, its root, or foundation; that by being which it was what it was, or in being which it consisted; or its ultimate constituent. (A, TA.) b2: And hence, (A, TA,) أَصَلَهُ عِلْمًا, (A, K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. أَصْلٌ: (TA;) or ↓ آصَلَهُ [with medd, (which I think to be a mistake, unless this be a dial. var.,) and without علما]; (so in a copy of the M;) (assumed tropical:) He knew it completely, or thoroughly, or superlatively well, syn. قَتَلَهُ, (K,) [i. e.] قَتَلَهُ عِلْمًا, so that he was acquainted with its أَصْل [or root, or foundation, or its ultimate constituent, as is indicated in the A and TA]: (M:) or this is from أَصَلَةٌ, as meaning “a certain very deadly serpent;” (A, TA;) [whence the phrase,] b3: أَصَلَتْهُ الأَصَلَةُ, (K,) inf. n. أَصْلٌ, (TA,) The [serpent called] اصلة sprang upon him (K, TA) and slew him. (TA.) A3: أَصِلَ, aor. ـَ (M, K,) inf. n. أَصَلٌ, (M,) said of water, i. q. أَسِنَ; (M, K;) i. e. It became altered for the worse (M, TA) in its taste and odour, (TA,) from fetid black mud (K, TA) therein: so says Ibn-'Abbád: (TA:) and said of flesh-meat, it became altered (K, TA) in like manner. (TA.) A4: أَصِلَ فُلَانٌ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا Such a one set about, or commenced, doing thus and thus, or such and such things. (TA.) 2 أصلّهُ, inf. n. تَأْصِيلٌ, He made it to have a firm, or fixed, root, or foundation, whereon to build, (Msb, TA,) i. e., whereon another thing might be built. (El-Munáwee, TA.) [Hence,] أصّل مَالَهُ i. q. أَثَّلَهُ [He made his wealth, or property, to have root, or a foundation; or to become firm, or established, and firmly rooted or founded: see, below, أَصْلُ مَالٍ, and مَالٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ]. (M and K in art. اثل.) b2: أصّل الأُصُولَ [He disposed, arranged, distributed, classified, or set in order, the fundamentals, fundamental articles, principles, elements, or rudiments, of a science, &c.,] is a phrase similar to بَوَّبَ الأَبْوَابَ and رَتَّبَ الرُّتَبَ. (TA.) 4 آصل, (inf. n. إِيصَالٌ, TA,) He entered upon the time called أَصِيل, q. v. (S, M, K.) A2: See also أَصَلَهُ عِلْمًا.5 تأصّل: see 1, first sentence, in two places.10 استأصل: see 1, in two places, first and second sentences.

A2: استأصلهُ He uprooted it; unrooted it; eradicated it; extirpated it; pulled it up, or out, or off, from its root, or foundation, or lowest part, (S, TA,) or with its roots, or foundations, or lowest parts;; (TA;) he cut it off (M, Msb) from its root, or lowest part, (M,) or with its roots, or lowest parts. (Msb.) Yousay, اِسْتَأْصَلَ اللّٰهُ شَأْفَتَهُمْ, a precative phrase, meaning May God [extirpate or] remove (from them) their شأفة; which is an ulcer, or a purulent pustule, that comes forth in the foot, and is cauterized, and in consequence goes away: (M:) or استأصل شأفتهم [in general usage] means he extirpated them, or may he extirpate them; or he cut off, or may he cut off, the last remaining of them. (TA. [See also art. شأف.]) and استأصل القَوْمَ, i. e. قَطَعَ أَصْلَهُمْ [He cut off the root, race, or stock, of the people; i. e. he extirpated them]. (M.) And استأصل اللّٰهُ الكُفَّارَ God destroyed altogether or entirely, or may God destroy altogether or entirely, the unbelievers. (Msb.) And استأصل الخِتَانَ He performed the circumcision so as to remove the prepuce utterly. (TA in art. سحت.) أَصْلٌ The lower, or lowest, part of a thing; [i. e. its root, bottom, or foot;] (M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ يَأْصُولٌ: (M, K:) so of a mountain: and of a wall; (TA;) i. e. its foundation, or base: (Msb:) and of a tree [or plant]; (TA;) i. e. [its stem, or trunk, or stock, or] the part from which the branches are broken off: (TA in art. كسر:) [and also its root, or foot; for] the سَاق of a tree is said to be the part between its أَصْل and the place where its branches shoot out: (TA in art. سوق:) [and a stump of a tree: and hence, a block of wood: (see exs. voce نَقِيرٌ:)] pl. أُصُولٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and [pl. of pauc.] آصُلٌ: (AHn, K:) [ISd says that] the former is its only pl.: (M:) [but] the latter pl. occurs in a verse of Lebeed, (which see below,) as cited by AHn. (TA.) You say, قَعَدَ فِى أَصْلِ جَبَلِ He sat upon, or at, the lowest part [&c.] of the mountain; and فِى أَصْلِ الحَائِطِ at the lowest part [&c.] of the wall. (TA.) And قَلَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ [He pulled it up, or out, or off, from its root, or foundation, or lowest part]; and بأُصُولِهِ [with its roots, or foundations, or lowest parts; both meaning, utterly, entirely, or altogether]. (TA in explanation of استأصلهُ, q. v.) And قَلَعَ أَصْلَ الشَّجَرَةِ He pulled up, or out, the lowest part, [or stem or stock or root or foot or stump,] of the tree. (TA.) Lebeed says, [of a wild cow,] تَجْتَافُ آصُلَ قَالِصٍ مُتَنَبِّذٍ
بِعُجُوبِ أَنْقَآءٍ يَمِيلُ هَيَامُهَا [She enters into the midst of the stems of trees with high branches, apart from others, i. e. from other trees, in the hinder parts of sand-hills, the fine loose sand thereof inclining upon her]: (AHn, TA:) but as some relate it, أَصْلًا قَالِصًا. (TA. [See EM, p. 161.]) b2: A thing upon which another thing is built or founded [either properly or tropically]: (KT, Kull p. 50, TA:) the foundation, or basis, of a thing, [either properly or tropically,] which being imagined to be taken away, or abstracted, by its being taken away, or abstracted, the rest thereof becomes also taken away, or abstracted: (Er-Rághib, TA:) that upon which the existence of anything rests [or depends]; so the father is اصل to the offspring, and the river is اصل to the streamlet that branches off from it: (Msb:) or a thing upon which another thing depends as a branch; as the father in relation to the son: (Kull:) [i. e. the origin, source, beginning, or commencement, of a thing: the origin, original, root, race, or stock, from which a man springs. Hence شَىْءٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ A thing having root, or a foundation; and consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, im-mobility, stability, or permanence; rooted, fixed, immoveable, stable, or permanent. Whence,] مَالٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (Mgh voce عَقَارٌ,) and مِلْكٌ ثَابِتٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (Msb in explanation of that word,) and مَا لَهُ أَصْلٌ, (KT in explanation of the same,) [Real, or immoveable, property;] property such as consists in a house or land yielding a revenue; (Mgh;) or such as a house and palm-trees; (Msb;) or such as land and a house. (KT.) [Hence, also, أَصْلٌ مَالٍ signifying A source of wealth or profit; a stock, fund, capital, or principal. You say,] اِتَّخَذْتُهُ لِنَفْسِى أَصْلَ مَالٍلِلنَّسْلِ لَا لِلِتِّجَارَةِ [I took it for myself as a source of wealth or profit, for breeding, not for traffic]. (Mgh in art. قنو.) You say also, بَاعَ أَصْلَ أَرْضِهِ [meaning He sold the fundamental property, i. e. the property itself, of his land]. (S voce عِكْرٌ.) [See also an ex. in conjugation 4 in art. بقَى: and another in the first paragraph of art. حبس.] And أَخَذَهُ بِأَصْلِهِ [He took it as it were with its root, or the like; meaning, entirely]. (K. [See أَصِيلَةٌ.]) and قَطَعَ أَصْلَهُمْ [He cut off their root, race, or stock; i. e. he extirpated them]. (M.) and فُلَانٌ فِى أَصْلِ صِدْقِ, (S and L in art. ضنأ,) and فِى أَصْلِ سُوْءٍ, (L ibid.,) Such a one is of an excel-lent origin, or race, or stock, (S, L,) and of a bad origin, or race, or stock; (L;) اصل being here syn. with ضِنْء (S, L) and مَعْدِن. (S.) and فُلَانٌ فِى أَصْلِ الكَرَمِ Such a one is of [a race] the source of generosity, or nobleness; اصل being here syn. with بُؤْبُؤ. (S in art. بأ.) And لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ وَ لَا فَصْلَ He has no حَسَب [i. e. grounds of pretension to respect or honour; or rank, or nobility, or the like]; nor tongue [i. e. eloquence]: (Ks, S, O, Msb:) or he has no intellect, (IAar, Msb, El-Munáwee,) nor eloquence: (El-Munáwee, TA:) or he has no lineage, nor tongue: (L:) or he has no father, nor child: (Kull p. 53:) [or he has no known stock nor branch; for] فَصْلٌ is the contr. of أَصْلٌ, and in relationship signifies a branch. (Msb in art. فصل.) You say also, مَا فَعَلْتُهُ أَصْلًا, meaning I have not done it ever; and I will not do it ever; the last word being in the accus. case as an adverbial noun; i. e. I have not done it at any time; and I will not do it at any time. (Msb, El-Munáwee, TA.) b3: [It also signifies The original, or elemental, matter, material, substance, or part, of a thing; syn. with عُنْصُرٌ;] that from which a thing is taken [or made]. (KT voce دَاخِلٌ.) b4: [The fundamental, or essential, part of a thing. Hence, sing. of أُصُولٌ as signifying The fundamentals, fundamental articles or dogmas, principles, elements, or rudiments, of a science &c. Whence,] عِلْمُ الأُصُولِ, (TA,) [meaning] عِلْمُ

أُصُولِ الدِّينِ [The science of the fundamentals, fundamental articles or dogmas, or principles, of religion; the science of theology, or divinity; according to the system of the Muslims, as distinguished from that of the philosophers;] the science of the articles, or tenets, of belief; also called الفِقْهُ الأَكْبَرُ; (Kull. voce فِقْه;) and [more commonly] عِلْمُ الكَلَامِ. (Hájjee Khaleefeh.) [See also 2.] b5: A radical (as opposed to an augmentative) letter; as being an essential element of a word. (The Lexicons passim.) b6: The original form of a word. (The same passim.) b7: The original, or primary, signification of a word. (The same passim.) b8: An original copy of a book: and a copy of a book from which one quotes, or transcribes, any portion. (TA, &c., passim.) b9: [The original, or primary, state, or condition: or] the old state, or condition. (Kull p. 50.) You say, الأَصْلُ فِى الأَشْيَآءِ الإِبَاحَةُ وَ الطَّهَارَةُ The old state, or condition, of things is that of being allowable, or lawful, and that of being pure, or clean. (Kull ubi suprà.) And رَجَعَتْ إِلَى أَصْلِهَا She returned, or reverted, [to her original, or old, state, or condition; or to her natural disposition;] to a natural disposition which she had relinquished. (S voce عِتْرٌ.) b10: [The utmost point, or degree, to which a person, or thing, can go, or be brought or reduced: and, app., the utmost that one can do. Hence the saying,] لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ إِلَى أَصْلِكَ [I will assuredly impel thee, or drive thee, against thy will, to the utmost point to which thou canst go, or be brought or reduced: or, constrain thee to do thine utmost]. (IAar in L, art. قح [where it is given in explanation of the phrases لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ and قُحَاحِكَ; and so in the T in art. تر in explanation of the former of these two phrases; which is said in the M, in art. تر, to mean I will assuredly make thee to have recourse to thine utmost effort, or endeavour; and in the L in art. قح this is given as another explanation of the latter of the same two phrases. See also the saying, لَأُلْجِئَنَّكَ إِلَى قُرِّ قَرَارِكَ, explained voce قَرَارٌ.]) b11: [That by being which a thing is what it is, or in being which it consists; or its ultimate constituent; syn. حَقِيقَةٌ; a meaning well known; and indicated, in the A and TA, by the coupling of حَقِيقَة with أَصْل, evidently as an explicative adjunct.] b12: [The prime of a thing; the principal, purest, best, or choicest, part thereof; what is, or constitutes, the most essential part thereof; its very essence. Hence,] أَصْلُ دَارٍ [The principal part of a country]; (As, S, Msb, K, voce عَقْرٌ;) [which is] the place where the people dwell, or abide. (As and S ibid. [See عَقْرٌ.]) And أَصْلٌ قَوْمٍ [The principal place of abode of a people]. (S and K voce بَيْضَةٌ. [See this word.]) and هُوَ فِى أَصْلِ قَوْمِهِ He is of the prime, or of the purest in race, the best, or the choicest, of his people; i. q. صُيَّابَتِهِمْ, and صُيَّابِهِمْ. (TA in art. صيب.) b13: What is most fit, or proper: as when one says, الأَصْلُ فِى الإِنْسَانِ العِلْمُ [What is most fit, or proper, in man, is knowledge]; i. e., knowledge is more fit, or proper, than ignorance: and الأَصْلُ فِى المُبْتَدَإِ التَّقْدِيمُ What is [most] fit, or proper, in the case of the inchoative, is the putting [it] before [the enunciative], whenever there is no obstacle. (Kull p.50.) b14: What is preponderant in relation to what is preponderated: as, in language, the word used in its proper sense [in relation to that used in a tropical sense]. (Kull ibid.) b15: What is [essential, or] requisite, or needful: as when one says الأَصْلُ فِى الحَيَوَانِ الغِذَآءُ [What is essential, or requisite, or needful, in the case of the animal, is food]. (Kull ibid.) b16: A [primary, or] universal, or general, rule, or canon. (Kull ibid.) b17: An indication, an evidence, or a proof, in relation to that which is indicated, or evidenced, or proved. (Kull ibid.) أَصَلٌ: see its n. un., أَصَلَةٌ

أَصِلٌ, (K,) or ↓ أَصِيلٌ, (M,) i. q. ↓ مُسْتَأْصِلٌ. (M, K.) You say قَلْعٌ أَصِلٌ Eradicating, or extirpating, evulsion: (TA:) or ↓ قَطْعٌ أَصِيلٌ extirpating excision. (M.) أُصُلٌ, said by some to be a pl., and by others to be a dial. var., of أَصِيلٌ: see the latter word, in two places.

أَصَلَةٌ: see أَصِيلَةٌ.

A2: Also A kind of serpent, the most malignant, or noxious, of serpents: (S:) or a serpent, (M, K,) short, (M, [where, in the only copy to which I have access, I find added, كَالرِئَةِ, app. a mistranscription, for كَالرُّمَّةِ, like the fragment of a rope,]) or small, (K,) red, but not intensely red, (M,) very deadly, of the most malignant, or noxious, kind, (TA,) having one leg, upon which it stands, (M, TA,) then turns round, then springs, (TA,) that springs upon a man, and blows, killing everything upon which it blows: (M:) or, as some say, a great serpent, (M, K,) that kills by its blowing: (K:) or one of the very crafty kinds of serpents, short and broad, said to be like the shaft of an arrow, and it springs upon the horseman: (Msb:) pl. ↓ أَصَلٌ, (S, M. Msb, K,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] and [pl. of pauc.] آصَالٌ. (Msb.) b2: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) Short and broad: applied to a man and to a woman. (TA.) أَصْلِىٌّ [Radical; fundamental; primitive; original; underived: an epithet of extensive application; and particularly applied to a letter of a word, as opposed to augmentative; and to a signification]. (The Lexicons &c. passim.) أَصْلِيَّةٌ [The quality denoted by the epithet أَصْلِىٌّ; radicalness, &c.:] a term used by IJ [and others] in the place of تَأَصُّلٌ: see 5. (M.) أَصِيلٌ [Having root, or a foundation; and consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, immobility, stability, or permanence; rooted, fixed, immoveable, stable, or permanent]. You say, إِنَّ النَّخْلَ فِى أَرْضِنَا لَأَصِيلٌ Verily the palm-trees in our land remain permanently, not perishing. (A, TA.) b2: A man having أَصْل, (K, TA,) i. e., lincage, or pedigree: (TA:) or established in his أَصْل: (Abu-l-BaKà, TA:) or noble, or generous. (Msb.) b3: A man firm of judgment, and intelligent. (M, K.* [Accord. to the copies of the latter, the signification is عَاقِبٌ ثَابِتُ الرَّأْىِ: but I think that the right reading of the first word is عَاقِلٌ, as in the M, in which this word occupies the last place in the explanation.]) And أَصِيلُ الرَّأْىِ A man firm, or sound, of judgment. (S.) and رَأْىٌ أَصِيلٌ Judgment having أَصْل [i. e. firmness]. (M.) And مَجْدٌ أَصِيلٌ Glory, honour, dignity, or nobility, having a firm root or foundation. (S.) And شَرٌّ أَصِيلٌ Vehement evil or mischief. (Ibn-'Abbád.) A2: See also أَصِلٌ, in two places. b2: [Hence, app.,] الأَصِيلُ Destruction: and death: as also, in both senses, ↓ الأَصِيلَةُ. (K.) A3: [The evening; or] i. q. عَشِىٌّ; (M, K, Msb, TA;) i. e. (Msb, TA) the time from the عَصْر, (S, TA,) from the prayer of the عصر, (Msb,) to sunset; (Sudot;, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ أَصِيلَةٌ: (R, TA:) the pl. is أُصُلٌ, (S, M, R, Msb, K,) or ↓ this is a sing., (TA,) or it may be a sing., (M,) for it is used as such, (M, TA,) and أُصْلَانٌ, (S, M, K,) and آصَالٌ, (S, M, Sgh, K,) [a pl. of pauc.,] or, accord. to Es-Saláh Es-Safadee, this is a pl. of أُصُلٌ, the sing., not the pl., (TA,) or it is pl. of أُصُلٌ, (Zj, M,) which may be a pl. or a sing., (M,) and أَصَائِلُ, (S, M, K,) as though pl. of أَصِيلَةٌ, (S,) or it is pl. of this last word. (R, TA.) You say, لَقِيتُهُ أَصِيلًا and ↓ أُصُلًا, i. e. [I met him in the evening,] عَشِيًّا. (A, TA.) From the pl. أُصْلَانُ is formed the dim.

↓ أُصَيْلَانٌ, (S, M, K,) which is extr., (M, K,) because the dim. of a pl. is [regularly] formed only from a pl. of pauc., which اصلان is not; or, if اصلان be a sing., like رُمَّانٌ and قُرْبَانٌ, this dim. is regular: (M:) sometimes, (K,) one says also ↓ أُصَيْلَالٌ, (S, M, K,) substituting ل for the [final] ن (S, M.*) You say, ↓لَقِيتُهُ أُصَيْلَانًا and ↓ أُصَيْلَالًا, meaning, as above, عَشِيًّا: (A, TA:) and Lh mentions ↓ لقيته أُصَيَّالًا. (So in two copies of the S.) أَصيلَةٌ A man's whole property: (M, K:) or his palm-trees: (K, TA: in the CK his palmtree:) thus in the dial. of El-Hijáz. (O, TA.) b2: أَخَذَهُ بِأَصِيلَتِهِ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ بِأَصَلَتِهِ, (IAar, M, K,) He took it altogether, (S, M, K,) [as it were] with its root, (S, M,) not leaving aught of it. (TA.) And جَاؤُوا بِأَصِيلَتِهِمْ They came altogether; the whole of them. (S, Z.) A2: لِفُلَانٍ أَرْضٌ أَصِيلَةٌ To such a one belongs land long possessed, or inherited from his parents, by means of which he has his living: a phrase of the people of Et-Táïf. (TA.) A3: See also أَصِيلٌ, in two places.

أُصُولِى One skilled in the science termed عِلْمٌ الأُصُولِ: see أَصْلٌ. (TA.) لَقِيتُهُ أُصَيَّالًا: see أَصِيلٌ, last sentence.

أُصَيْلَانٌ and أُصَيلَالٌ: see أَصِيلٌ, in four places, last two sentences.

لَقِيتُهُ مُؤْصِلًا I met him entering upon the time called the أَصِيل. (TA.) And أَتَيْنَا مُؤْصِلِينَ We came entering upon the time so called. (S.) أَصْلٌ مُؤَصَّلٌ [ A root, or foundation, or the like, made firm, or fixed, or established]. (S.) [See also أَصِيلٌ.]

شَاةٌ مُسْتَأْصَلَةٌ A sheep, or goat, whose horn has been taken from its root. (TA.) مُسْتَأْصِلٌ: see أَصِلٌ.

يَأْصُولٌ: see أَصْلٌ, first sentence.