العِرَاقُ:
مياه لبني سعد بن مالك وبني مازن.
والعراق أيضا: محلة كبيرة عظيمة بمدينة إخميم بمصر، فأما العراق المشهور فهي بلاد. والعراقان: الكوفة والبصرة، سمّيت بذلك من عراق القربة وهو الخرز المثنّي الذي في أسفلها أي أنها أسفل أرض العرب، وقال أبو القاسم الزّجاجي: قال ابن الأعرابي سمي عراقا لأنه سفل عن نجد ودنا من البحر، أخذ من عراق القربة وهو الخرز الذي في أسفلها، وأنشد:
تكشّري مثل عراق الشّنّه وأنشد أيضا:
لما رأين دردري وسني ... وجبهتي مثل عراق الشّنّ
متّ عليهنّ ومتن مني
قال: ولا يكون عراقها إلا أسفلها من قربة أو مزادة، قال: وقال غيره العراق في كلامهم الطير، قالوا: وهو جمع عرقة، والعرقة: ضرب من الطير، ويقال أيضا: العراق جمع عرق، وقال قطرب:
إنما سمي العراق عراقا لأنه دنا من البحر وفيه سباخ وشجر، يقال: استعرقت إبلهم إذا أتت ذلك الموضع، وقال الخليل: العراق شاطئ البحر، وسمي العراق عراقا لأنه على شاطئ دجلة والفرات مدّا حتى يتصل بالبحر على طوله، قال: وهو مشبّه بعراق القربة وهو الذي يثنى منها فيخرز، وقال الأصمعي: هو معرّب عن إيران شهر، وفيه بعد عن لفظه وإن كانت العرب قد تتغلغل في التعريب بما هو مثل ذلك، ويقال: بل هو مأخوذ من عروق الشجر، والعراق:
من منابت الشجر، فكأنه جمع عرق، وقال شمر:
قال أبو عمرو سميت العراق عراقا لقربها من البحر، قال: وأهل الحجاز يسمون ما كان قريبا من البحر عراقا، وقال أبو صخر الهذلي يصف سحابا:
سنا لوحه لما استقلّت عروضه، ... وأحيا ببرق في تهامة واصب
فجرّ على سيف العراق ففرشه ... وأعلام ذي قوس بأدهم ساكب
فلما علا سود البصاق كفافه ... تهبّ الذّرى فيه بدهم مقارب
فجلّل ذا عير ووالى رهامه، ... وعن مــخمص الحجّاج ليس بناكب
فحلّت عراه بين نقرى ومنشد، ... وبعّج كلف الحنتم المتراكب
ليروي صدى داود واللحد دونه، ... وليس صدى تحت التراب بشارب
فهذا لم يرد العراق الذي هو علم لأرض بابل إنما هو يصف الحجاز وهذه المواضع كلها بالحجاز، فأراد أن هذا السحاب خرج من البحر يعني بحر القلزم ومرّ بسيف ذلك البحر وسمّاه عراقا اسم جنس ثم وصف كل شيء مرّ به من جبال الحجاز حتى سقى قبر ابنه داود، وقد صرح بذلك مليح الهذلي فقال:
تربّعت الرياض رياض عمق، ... وحيث تضجّع الهطل الجرور
مساحلة عراق البحر حتى ... رفعن كأنما هنّ القصور
وقال حمزة: الساحل بالفارسية اسمه إيراه الملك ولذلك سمّوا كورة أردشير خرّه من أرض فارس إيراهستان لقربها من البحر فعرّبت العرب لفظ إيراه بالحاق القاف فقالوا إيراق، وقال حمزة في الموازنة:
وواسطة مملكة الفرس العراق، والعراق تعريب إيراف، بالفاء، ومعناه مغيض الماء وحدور المياه، وذلك أن دجلة والفرات وتامرّا تنصبّ من نواحي أرمينية وبند من بنود الروم إلى أرض العراق وبها يقرّ قرارها فتسقي بقاعها، وكانت دارا الملك من أرض العراق إحداهما عبر دجلة والأخرى عبر الفرات وهما بافيل وطوسفون، فعرّب بافيل على بابل وعلى بابلون أيضا وطوسفون على طيسفون وطيسفونج، وقيل: سميت بذلك لاستواء أرضها حين خلت من جبال تعلو وأودية تنخفض، والعراق: الاستواء في كلامهم، كما قال الشاعر:
سقتم إلى الحقّ معا وساقوا ... سياق من ليس له عراق
أي استواء، وعرض العراق من جهة خطّ الاستواء أحد وثلاثون جزءا، وطولها خمسة وسبعون جزءا وثلاثون دقيقة، وأكثر بلاده عرضا من خط الاستواء عكبران على غربي دجلة، وعرضها ثلاثة وثلاثون جزءا وثلاثون دقيقة وذلك آخر ما يقع في الإقليم الثالث من العراق، ومن بعد عكبرا يدخل العراق كله في الإقليم الثالث إلى حلوان، وعرضها أربعة وثلاثون جزءا، ومقدار الربع من العراق في الإقليم الرابع دسكرة الملك وجلولاء وقصر شيرين، وأما الأكثر ففي الثالث، وأما القادسية ففي الإقليم الثالث، وطولها من المغرب تسعة وستون جزءا وخمس وعشرون دقيقة، وعرضها من خطّ الاستواء أحد وثلاثون جزءا وخمس وأربعون دقيقة، وحلوان والعذيب جميعا من الإقليم الثالث، وقد خطئ أبو بكر أحمد بن ثابت في جعله العراق وبغداد من الإقليم الرابع، وأما حدّه فاختلف فيه، قال بعضهم: العراق هو السواد الذي حدّدناه في بابه، وهو ظاهر الاشتقاق المذكور آنفا لا معنى له غير ذلك وهو الصحيح عندي، وذهب آخرون فيما ذكر المدائني فقالوا: حدّه حفر أبي موسى من نجد وما سفل عن ذلك يقال له العراق، وقال قوم:
العراق الطور والجزيرة والعبر والطور ما بين ساتيدما إلى دجلة والفرات، وقال ابن عياش: البحرين من أرض العراق، وقال المدائني: عمل العراق من هيت إلى الصين والسند والهند والريّ وخراسان وسجستان وطبرستان إلى الديلم والجبال، قال:
وأصبهان سنّة العراق، وإنما قالوا ذلك لأن هذا كلّه كان في أيام بني أميّة يليه والي العراق لا أنه منه، والعراق هي بابل فقط كما تقدّم، والعراق أعدل أرض الله هواء وأصحّها مزاجا وماء فلذلك كان أهل العراق هم أهل العقول الصحيحة والآراء الراجحة والشهوات المحمودة والشمائل الظريفة والبراعة في كلّ صناعة مع اعتدال الأعضاء واستواء الأخلاط وسمرة الألوان، وهم الذين أنضجتهم الأرحام فلم تخرجهم بين أشقر وأصهب وأبرص كالذي يعتري أرحام نساء الصقالبة في الشقرة، ولم يتجاوز أرحام نسائهم في النّضج إلى الإحراق كالزنج والنوبة والحبشة الذين حلك لونهم ونتن ريحهم وتفلفل شعرهم وفسدت آراؤهم وعقولهم فمن عداهم بين خمير لم ينضج ومجاوز للقدر حتى خرج عن الاعتدال، قالوا: وليس بالعراق مشات كمشاتي الجبال ولا مصيف كمصيف عمان ولا صواعق كصواعق تهامة ولا دماميل كدماميل الجزيرة ولا جرب كجرب الزنج ولا طواعين كطواعين الشام ولا طحال كطحال البحرين ولا حمّى كحمّى خيبر ولا كزلازل سيراف ولا كحرارات الأهواز ولا كأفاعي سجستان وثعابين مصر وعقارب نصيبين ولا تلوّن هوائها تلوّن هواء مصر، وهو الهواء الذي لم يجعل الله فيه في أرزاق أهله نصيبا من الرحمة التي نشرها الله بين عباده وبلاده حتى ضارع في ذلك عدن أبين، قال الله تعالى: وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّياحَ بُشْراً بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ 7: 57، وكل رزق لم يخالط الرحمة وينبت على الغيث لم يثمر إلا الشيء اليسير، فالمطر فيها معدوم والهواء فيها فاسد، وإقليم بابل موضع اليتيمة من العقد وواسطة القلادة ومكان اللّبّة من المرأة الحسناء والمحّة من البيضة والنقطة من البركار، قال عبيد الله الفقير إلى رحمته: وهذا الذي ذكرناه عنهم من أدلّ دليل على أن المراد بالعراق أرض بابل، ألا تراه قد أفرده عنها بما خصّه به؟ وقال شاعر يذكر العراق:
إلى الله أشكو عبرة قد أظلّت، ... ونفسا إذا ما عزّها الشوق ذلّت
تحنّ إلى أرض العراق ودونها ... تنايف لو تسري بها الريح ظلّت
والأشعار فيها أكثر من أن تحصى.

ادم

1 أَدَمَ الخُبْزَ, aor. ـِ (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. أَدْمٌ; (M, Msb;) and ↓ آدمهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. إِيدَامٌ; (TK;) He mixed the bread with أُدْم [or seasoning; i. e. he seasoned it]; (M, K;) he made the swallowing of the bread to be good, or agreeable, by means of إِدَام [or seasoning]. (Msb.) You say also, أَدَمَ الخُبْزَ بِاللَّحْمِ, aor. ـِ [he seasoned the bread, or rendered it savoury, with flesh-meat,] from أُدْمٌ and إِدَامٌ, signifying مَا يُؤْتَدمُ بِهِ. (S.) b2: أَدَمَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. أَدْمٌ; (TA;) or ↓ آدَمَهُمْ; (M;) or both; (TA;) He seasoned for the people, or company of men, (أَدَمَ لَهُمْ, [in the CK, erroneously, اَدامَ لهم,]) their bread; (M, K, TA;) i. e., mixed it [for them] with إِدَام (TA.) b3: [From أَدَمَ in the first of the senses explained above, is app. derived the phrase,] أَدَمَهُ بِأَهْلِهِ He mixed him, associated him, or united him in company, with his family. (M.) [And in like manner,] أَدَمَ بَيْنَهُمَا, (T, S,) or بَيْنَهُمْ, (M, Msb, * K,) aor. ـِ (T, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. أَدْمٌ; (T, M, M$sudot;b;) and ↓ آدم, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِيَدامٌ; (T, TA;) He (God, T, S, M, or a man, Msb) effected a reconciliation between them; brought them together; (S, M, Msb, K; [expl. in the M and K by لَاءَ مَ, for which we find in the CK لَاُمَ;]) made them sociable, or familiar, one with another; (S, Msb, TA;) and made them to agree: (TA:) or induced love and agreement between them: held by A "Obeyd to be from أُدْمٌ, because thereby food is made good and pleasant. (T.) It is said in a trad., فَإِنَّهُ أَحْرَى أَنْ يُؤْدَمَ بَيْنَكُمَا, meaning For it is most fit, or meet, that there should be, between you two, love and agreement: (T, S:) or, that peace, or reconciliation, and friendship, should continue between you two. (Msb.) And a poet says, ↓ إِلَّا مُؤْدَمَا ↓ وَالبِيضُ لَا يُؤْدِمْنَ i. e. [And the pure, or free from faults, among women,] do not love any save one who is made an object of love [by his good qualities], (T, S,) a proper object of love. (T.) A2: أَدَمَهُمْ, (T, M, K,) aor. ـِ (T,) or ـُ (M, K,) inf. n. أَدْمٌ, (M,) (tropical:) He was, or became, to them, what is termed أَدَمَة; (T, M, K;) i. e., one who made people to know them; (T;) or a pattern, an exemplar, an example, or one who was imitated, or to be imitated; and one by means of whom they were known: (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) A3: أَدَمَ الأَدِيمَ He pared, or removed the superficial part of, the hide: (T, * TA:) and الأَدِيمَ ↓ آدَمَ, with medd, he pared off the أَدَمَة [q. v.] of the hide: (TA:) or the latter signifies he exposed to view the أَدَمَة [in the CK, erroneously, the اُدْمَة] of the hide. (M, K.) A4: أَدِمَ, aor. ـَ (M, K,) inf. n. أَدَمٌ; (TK;) and أَدُمَ, aor. ـُ (M, K,) inf. n. أُدُومَةٌ (T, K) [or, more probably, أُدْمَةٌ, like سُمْرَةٌ &c.]; He (a camel, and a gazelle, and a man,) was, or became, of the colour termed أُدْمَة, q. v. infrà. (M, K.) 2 أدّمهُ, inf. n. تَأْدِيمٌ, He put much إِدَام [or seasoning] into it. (TA.) 4 آدَمَ see 1, in five places.8 ائتدم بِهِ [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَدَمَ] He made use of it [to render his bread pleasant, or savoury]; namely أُدْم, (M, * TA,) or إِدَام. (M.) [إِدَامٌ is explained in the T and S &c. by the words مَا يُؤْتَدَمُ بِهِ, meaning That which is used for seasoning bread.] b2: ائتدم العُودُ (tropical:) The wood, or branch, had the sap (المَآء) flowing in it. (Z, K.) 10 استأدمهُ He sought, or demanded, of him إِدَام [or seasoning]. (Z, TA.) أَدْمٌ: see أُدْمَةٌ

A2: هُوَ أَدْمُ أَهْلِهِ: see أَدَمَةٌ.

أُدْمٌ: see إِدَامٌ. b2: هُوَ أُدْمُ أَهْلِهِ: and أُدْمُ بَنِى أَبِيهِ: see أَدَمَةٌ.

أَدَمٌ: see أَدِيمٌ, in two places: b2: and أَدَمَةٌ.

A2: أَدَمُ: see آدَمُ.

هُوَ أَدْمَةُ أَهْلِهِ: see أَدَمَةٌ.

أُدْمَةٌ A state of mixing, or mingling, together [in familiar, or social, intercourse]. (Lth, T, M, K.) You say, بَيْنَهُمَا أُدْمَةٌ Between them two is a mixing, &c. (Lth, T.) b2: Also, (M, K,) or ↓ أَدْمٌ, (S,) Agreement: (S, M, K, TA:) and familiarity, sociableness, companionship, or friendship. (S, TA. [The meanings in this sentence are assigned in the S only to the latter word: in the TA, only to the former.]) b3: And the former, Relationship. (M, K.) b4: And A means of access (وَسِيلَةٌ, Fr, T, S, M, K) to a thing, (Fr, T, S,) and to a person; (Fr, T;) as also ↓ أَدَمَةٌ. (K.) You say, فُلَانٌ

أُدْمَتِى إِلَيْكَ Such a one is my means of access to thee. (Fr, T.) b5: And [hence,] A present which one takes with him in visiting a friend or a great man; in Peraian دَسْت آوِيز. (K, L.) b6: هُوَ أُدْمَةُ

أَهْلِهِ: and هُوَ أُدْمَةٌ لِفُلَانٍ: see أَدَمَةٌ.

A2: In camels, A colour intermixed, or tinged, with blackness, or with whiteness; or clear whiteness; (M, K;) or, as some say, (TA,) intense whiteness; (S, TA;) or whiteness, with blackness of the eyeballs: (Nh, TA:) and in gazelles, a colour intermixed, or tinged, with whiteness: (M, K:) or in gazelles and in camels, whiteness: (T:) and in human beings, (M, K,) a tawny colour; or darkness of complexion; syn. سُمْرَةٌ [q. v.]; (S, M, K;) or an intermixture, or a tinge, of blackness; (Lth, T;) or intense سُمْرَة [or tawniness]; and it is said to be from أُدْمَةُ الأَرْضِ, meaning the colour of the earth: (Nh, TA:) or [in men,] i. q. حُمْرَةٌ [which, in this case, signifies whiteness of complexion]: (TA:) accord. to AHn, it signifies whiteness; syn. بَيَاضٌ. (M.) [See also آدَمُ.]

أَدَمَةٌ: see أُدْمَةٌ. b2: هُوَ أَدَمَةُ أَهْلِهِ, (M, K,) and ↓ أُدْمَتُهُمْ, (M,) or ↓ أَدْمَتُهُمْ, (K,) and ↓ أُدْمُهُمْ, (M,) or ↓ أَدْمُهُمْ, and ↓ إِدَامُهُمْ, (K,) (tropical:) He is the pattern, exemplar, example, or object of imitation, of his people, or family, by means of whom they are known: (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) and جَعَلْتُ فُلَانًا أَدَمَةَ أَهْلِى (tropical:) I made such a one to be the pattern, exemplar, example, or object of imitation, of my people, or family. (T, S.) and هُوَ أَدَمَةٌ لِفُلَانٍ, and ↓ أُدْمَةٌ, (tropical:) He is a pattern, &c., to such a one. (Fr, TA.) And فُلَانٌ أَدَمَةُ بَنِى

فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one is he who makes people to know the sons of such a one. (T.) And هُوَ أَدَمَةُ قَوْمِهِ (tropical:) He is the chief, and provost, of his people. (A, TA.) And قَوْمِهِ ↓ فُلَانٌ إِدَامُ, and بَنى أَبِيهِ ↓ أُدْمُ, (tropical:) Such a one is the aider, and manager of the affairs, and the support, and right orderer of the affairs, of his people, and of the sons of his father. (A, TA.) A2: [The inner skin; the cutis, or derma;] the interior of the skin, which is next to the flesh; (S, M, K;) the exterior thereof being called the بَشَرَة: (S:) or (as some say, M) the exterior thereof, upon which is the hair; the interior thereof being called the بَشَرَة: (M, K:) and ↓ أَدَمٌ may be its pl.; [or rather, a coll. gen. n.;] or, accord. to Sb, it is a quasi-pl. n. (M.) b2: Accord. to some, (M,) What appears of the skin of the head. (M, K. [See بَشَرَةٌ.]) b3: and (assumed tropical:) The interior of the earth or ground; (M, K;) the surface thereof being called its أَدِيم: (M, TA:) or, as some say, its surface. (TA.) أَدَمِىٌّ A seller of [أَدَم, or] skins, or hides: (TA:) and ↓ أَدَّامٌ signifies the same; and particularly a seller of goats' skins. (Golius, from the larger work entitled Mirkát el-Loghah.) أُدْماَنٌ and أُدْمَانَةٌ: see آدَمُ.

إِدَامٌ (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أُدْمٌ (the same except the K) [Seasoning, or condiment, for bread; and any savoury food;] what is used for seasoniny (مَا يُؤْتَدَمُ بِهِ, T, S, M, * Mgh, Msb, K) with bread; (T, TA;) that which renders bread pleasant and good and savoury; (IAmb, Mgh;) whether fluid or not fluid; (Mgh, Msb;) صِبْغٌ and صِبَاغٌ being peculiarly applied to that which is fluid: (Mgh:) or أُدْمٌ is anything that is eaten with bread: (TA:) the pl. [of mult.] of إِدَامٌ is أُدُمٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) and, by contraction, أُدْمٌ, which is also used as the sing., (Msb,) and [pl. of pauc.]

آدِمَةٌ (M, K) and آدَامٌ; (K;) or this last is pl. of أُدْمٌ. (M, Mgh, Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad., نِعْمَ الإِدَامُ الخَلُّ [Excellent, or most excel-lent, is the seasoning, vinegar!]. (T, TA.) and in another, سَيِّدُ آدَامِ الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ اللَّحْمُ [The prince of the seasonings of the present world and of the world to come is flesh-meat]. (TA.) b2: هُوَ إِدَامُ أَهْلِهِ, and إِدَامُ قَوْمِهِ: see أَدَمَةٌ. b3: Anything conforming, or conformable; agreeing, or agreeable; suiting, or suitable. (M, K.) [Used also as a pl.: thus,] 'Ádiyeh Ed-Dubeyreeyeh says, كَانُوا لِمَنْ خَالَطَهُمْ إِدَامَا [They were, to those who mixed with them in social intercourse, conformable, or agreeable.] (M.) أَدِيمٌ i. q. ↓ مَأْدُومٌ [Seasoned]: (T:) or طَعَامٌ

↓ مَأْدُومٌ [seasoned food]; (M, K;) food in which is إِدَام. (TA.) Hence the prov., سَمْنُكُمْ هُرِيقَ فِى أَدِيمِكُمْ [Your clarified butter is poured into your seasoned food]; (T, TA;) applied to a niggardly man; (Har p. 462;) meaning, your good, or wealth, returns unto you: (TA:) or, as some say, the meaning is, into your سِقَآء [or skin]: (T, Har * ubi suprà:) and the vulgar say, فِى

دَقِيقِكُمْ [into your flour]. (TA.) And the saying, سَمْنُهُمْ فِى أَدِيمِهِمْ [Their clarified butter is in their seasoned food]; meaning, their good, or wealth, returns unto them. (M.) And the saying of Khadeejeh to the Prophet, إِنَّكَ لَتَكْسِبُ وَ تُطْعِمُ المَأْدُومَ ↓ المَعْدُومَ (M, TA) Verily thou gainest what is denied to others, or makest others to gain what they have not, of the things they want, or makest the poor to gain, (TA in art. عدم,) and givest to eat food in which is إِدَام. (TA in the present art.) [Hence also,] أَطْعَمْتُكَ

↓ مَأْدُومِى (M, K) meaning أَتَيْتُكَ بِعُذْرِى [I gave thee my excuse; or, perhaps, my virginity; see عُذْرَةٌ]: (K:) [or,] as some say, the meaning is, my good manners: said by the wife of Dureyd Ibn-Es-Simmeh, on the occasion of his divorcing her. (M, TA.) b2: And hence, (Ham p. 205, Mgh,) Tanned skin or hide; leather: (M, Ham, Mgh, Msb:) or skin, or hide, (M, K,) in whatever state it be: (M:) or red skin or hide: (M, K:) or skin, or hide, in the state after that in which it is termed أَفِيقٌ; that is, when it is complete [in its tanning] and has become red: (M:) or the exterior of the skin of anything: (T:) pl. [of pauc.] آدِمَةٌ (S, M, K) and آدَامٌ and [of mult.] أُدُمٌ, (M, K,) the last from Lh, and [says ISd] I hold that he who says رُسْلٌ says أُدْمٌ, (M,) and ↓ أَدَمٌ, (T, S, Msb, K,) or this is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, M, Mgh,) [often used as a gen. n.,] of which آدَامٌ may be pl. (M.) b3: اِبْنِ أَدِيمٍ and اِبْنُ أَدِيمَيْنِ and اِبْنُ ثَلَاثَةِ آدِمَةٍ: see اِبْنٌ in art. بنى. One says, إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو البَشَرَةِ [lit.] Only the hide that has the exterior part, upon which the hair grows, is put again into the tan: (T:) a prov.; (TA;) meaning, only he is disciplined, or reproved, who is an object of hope, and in whom is full intelligence, and strength; (T, TA, and AHn in TA, art. بشر [where, however, in the TA, دُونَ is erroneously put for ذو];) and only he is disputed with in whom is place for dispute. (TA.) b4: أَدِيمُ الحَرْبِ is used metaphorically for أَدِيمُ

أَهْلِ الحَرْبِ (tropical:) [The skin of the warriors, or of the people engaged in war or fight]. (M.) b5: فُلَانٌ صَحِيحُ الأَدِيمِ [lit. Such a one is sound of skin] means (tropical:) such a one is sound in respect of origin, and of honour, or reputation. (Har p. 135.) Yousay also, فُلَانٌ بَرِىْءُ الأَدِيمِ مِمَّا لُطِخَ بِهِ [meaning (tropical:) Such a one is clear in honour, or reputation, of that with which he has been aspersed]. (M, * TA.) And ↓ مَزَّقَ أَدَمِى (tropical:) He rent my honour, or reputation. (Har ubi suprà.) b6: أَدِيمٌ also signifies (tropical:) The surface of the earth or ground: (S, M:) [see also أَدَمَةٌ, last sentence:] or what appears thereof, (K,) and of the sky. (M, K.) b7: And (tropical:) The first part of the period called الضُّحَى. (M, K, TA.) You say, جِئْتُكَ أَدِيمَ الضُّحَى (tropical:) I came to thee in the first part of the ضحى; (Lh, M;) app. meaning, عِنْدَ ارْتِفَاعِ الضُّحَى [when the morning was becoming advanced; when the sun was becoming high]. (M.) b8: And (tropical:) The whiteness of day: (IAar, M, K, TA:) and (tropical:) the darkness of night: (IAar, M, TA:) or (tropical:) the whole of the day, (M, A, K, TA,) and of the night. (A, TA.) Yousay, ظَلَّ أَدِيمَ النَّهَارِ صَائِمًا وَأَدِيمَ اللَّيْلِ قَائِمًا (tropical:) He continued the whole of the day fasting, and the whole of the night standing [in prayer, &c.]. (A, TA.) أَدَّامٌ: see أَدَمِىٌّ.

آدَمُ Of the colour termed أُدْمَةٌ: pl. أُدْمٌ and ↓ أُدْمَانٌ; (S, M, K;) the latter like حُمْرَانٌ as a pl. of أَحْمَرُ: (M:) the fem. sing. is أَدْمَآءُ and ↓ أُدْمَانَةٌ; (S M, K;) the latter anomalous; (K;) occurring in poetry, but disapproved (S, M) by As; (S;) said by Aboo-'Alee to be like خُمْصَــانَةٌ; (M;) and the fem. pl. is أُدْمٌ: (S, M, K:) applied to a camel, of a colour intermixed, or tinged, with blackness, or with whiteness; or of a clear white; (M, K;) or, as some say, intensely white; (TA;) or white, and black in the eyeballs; (S;) or white; (As, T;) and so applied to a gazelle: (T:) or, applied to a gazelle, of a colour intermixed, or tinged, with whiteness; (M, K;) Lth, however, says that أَدْمَآءُ is applied to a female gazelle, but he had not heard آدَمُ applied to the male gazelle; (TA;) and As says, (S,) أُدْمٌ applied to gazelles signifies white, having upon them streaks in which is a dust-colour, (S, M,) inhabiting the mountains, and of the colour of the mountains; (S;) if of a pure white colour, they are termed آرَامٌ: (T, TA:) or, accord. to ISk, white in the bellies, tawny in the backs, and having the colour of the bellies and of the backs divided by two streaks of the colour of musk; and in like manner explained by IAar: (T:) applied to a human being, آدَمُ signifies tawny; or dark-complexioned; syn. أَسْمَرُ; (S, M, K;) or, thus applied, it signifies أحْمَرُ اللَّوْنِ [which, in this case, means white of complexion]; (TA;) and the pl. is أُدْمِانٌ. (S.) The Arabs say, قُرَيْشُ الإِبِلِ أُدْمُهَا وَصُهْبُهَا, meaning The best of camels are those of them which are أُدْم and those of them which are صُهْب; [see أَصْهَبُ;] like as Kureysh are the best of men. (M.) b2: Also [Adam,] the father of mankind; (S, M, K;) and likewise ↓ أَدَمُ; but this is extr.: (K:) there are various opinions respecting its derivation; but [these it is unnecessary to mention, for] the truth is that it is a foreign word, [i. e. Hebrew,] of the measure فَاعَلُ, like آزَرُ: (MF:) and [therefore] its pl. is أَوَادِمُ. (S, M, K.) آدَمِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, Adam: and hence, human: and a human being:] a rel. n. from آدَمُ. (TA.) إِيدَامَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Level, hard, but not rugged, ground: (As:) or hard ground without stones; (K;) from أَدِيمٌ signifying the “surface” of the earth or ground: (TA:) or ground somewhat elevated; not much so; only found in plains, and producing vegetation, which, however, is disapproved, because its situation is rugged, and little water remains in it: (ISh:) pl. أَيَادِيمُ, (As, Esh-Sheybánee, IB, K,) which J erroneously says has no sing.: (K:) for he says, [in the S,] أَيَادِيمُ signifies hard and elevated tracts (مُتُون) of ground; and has no sing. (TA.) مُؤْدَمٌ, as in an ex. cited above, (see 1,) Made an object of love; (T, S;) a proper object of love. (T.) A2: رَجُلٌ مُؤْدَمٌ مُبْشَرٌ (tropical:) A man who is skilful, and experienced in affairs, (M, K,) who combines [qualities like] softness of the interior skin and roughness of the exterior skin: (T, S, M, K:) or who combines softness and hardness, or gentleness and force, with knowledge of affairs: (T:) or who combines such qualities that he is suited to hardship and to easiness of circumstances: (As, T:) or, accord. to IAar, having a thick and good skin: (M:) or beloved: (TA:) the fem. is with ة: (M, K:) you say, اِمْرَأَةٌ مُؤْدَمَةٌ مُبْشَرَةٌ, meaning (tropical:) a woman goodly in her aspect and faultless in her intrinsic qualities: and sometimes the former epithet, with and without ة, as applied to a woman and to a man respectively, is put after the latter. (M.) See also art. بشر.

مَأْدُومٌ: see أَدِيمٌ, in four places.

رح

1 رَحَّ [sec. Pers\. رَحِحْتَ,] aor. ـَ [inf. n., app., رَحَحٌ,] It (a solid hoof, &c.,) had the quality termed رَحَحٌ meaning as expl. below. (TA.) R. Q. 1 رَحْرَحَ He (a man, TA) did not exceed the usual bounds so as to reach the bottom, or utmost depth, of the object of his desire; (K, TA;) as, for instance, of a vessel: (TA:) [IbrD thinks that it signifies he sought, by his speech, the expression of a meaning which he failed to attain.] b2: رحرح بِالكَلَامِ He spoke, or expressed himself, obliquely, ambiguously, or equivocally; not plainly. (K, TA.) b3: رحرح عِنْ فُلَانٍ i. q. سَتَرَدُونَهُ [He protected such a one by intervening, or by interposing something]. (K.) R. Q. 2 تَرَحْرَحَتْ She (a mare) straddled, in order to stale. (S, A, K.) رَحَّةٌ [or حَيَّةٌ رَحَّةٌ] A serpent being, or becoming, like a طَوْق, or neck-ring, (مُتَطَوِّقَةٌ, K, [see 5 in art. طوق,]) when folding itself: (TA:) originally رَحْيَةٌ; (K;) the ى being changed into ح. (TA.) رَحَحٌ Width in a solid hoof: such is approved; (S, K;) being the contr. of that which is termed مُصْطَرٌّ: but when it spreads out much, it is a fault: (S:) or a spreading therein: (A:) or a spreading thereof; and width of a human foot: (Lth, TA:) or a spreading of a solid hoof, with thinness: or width of a human foot, with thinness: and in a solid hoof, which is a fault: or excessive width in a solid hoof. (TA.) رَحْرَحٌ and ↓ رَحْرَاحٌ and ↓ رَحْرَحَانٌ A thing wide and spreading, (K, TA,) not deep, like a طسْت and any similar vessel; as also رَهْرَهٌ and رَهْرَهَانٌ: (TA:) [or ↓ the third of these epithets signifies very wide &c.; as will be seen from what follows: and] ↓ the second signifies a thing wide and thin. (S.) You say إِنَآءٌ رَحْرَحٌ A wide and low vessel; as also رَهْرَهٌ. (TA.) And قَدَحٌ رَحْرَحٌ and ↓ رَحْرَاحٌ A wide bowl. (A.) And قَصْعَةٌ رَحْرَحٌ and ↓ رَحْرَحَانِيَّةٌ A bowl spreading widely [and very widely]. (AA, TA.) And it is said in a trad., بُحْبُوحُةُ الجَنَّةِ

↓ رَحْرَحَانِيَّةٌ The middle of Paradise is [very] wide, or ample: the ا and ن are added to give intensiveness to the signification. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] عَيْشٌ رَحْرَحٌ (A) and ↓ رَحْرَاحٌ (S, A) (tropical:) An ample and easy state of life. (S, TA.) رَحْرَحَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, throughout.

رَحْرَحَانِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, throughout.

رَحْرَاحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, throughout.

أَرَحُّ Spreading, (Lth, TA,) or widely expanded; (TA;) applied to a solid hoof, (Lth, TA,) and to a foot such as is termed خُفّ: (TA:) and wide; applied to anything: thus قَدَمٌ رَحَّآءُ a wide human foot: (Lth, TA:) and a human foot having the middle of the sole even with the fore part; (L, TA;) flat-soled; i. e. having, in the sole, no hollow part that does not touch the ground: (S:) and كِرْكِرّةٌ رَحَّآءُ a wide callous protuberance upon the breast of a camel: (TA:) and جَفْنَةٌ رَحَّآءُ a wide [bowl such as is termed] جِفنة; like رَوْحَآءُ; wide and not deep: (TA:) and جِفَانٌ رُحُحٌ wide جفان [pl. of جَفْنَةٌ]. (IAar, K.) Having a spreading hoof; (S, A, K;) applied to a horse, (A,) and to a mountain-goat: (S, A, K:) also, applied to a man, having a wide foot; (A;) or having, in the sole of his foot, no hollow part that does not touch the ground, (S, K,) as is the case in the feet of the Zinj; (S;) having the sole of the foot flat, so that all of it touches the ground: fem. رَحَّآءُ: you say اِمْرَأَةٌ رَحَّآءُ القَدَمَيْنِ: a high hollow to the sole of the foot is approved in a man and in a woman. (T, TA.) Also, applied to a camel, Having one foot cleaving to another. (TA.)