اهل

1 أَهَلَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. أُهُولٌ; (Msb;) or أُهِلَ, like عُنِىَ; (K, TA;) It (a place, Msb, TA) was, or became, peopled, or inhabited. (Msb, K, TA.) b2: أَهَلَ, aor. ـُ and اَهِلَ, inf. n. as above, He married, or took a wife; (Yoo, S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تأهّل; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and ↓ اتَّهَلَ, [written with the disjunctive alif اِتَّهَلَ, like اتَّخَذَ and اتَّزَرَ and اتَمَنَ &c.], (K,) of the measure افتعل. (TA.) b3: أَهَلَ; (Ks, S, Msb;) or أَهِلَ, aor. ـَ (K;) or both; (JK;) بِهِ, (JK,) i. e. بِالرَّجُلِ, (Ks, S,) or بِالشَّىءِ; (Msb;) i. q. أَنِسَ [He was, or became, sociable, companionable, friendly, amicable, or familiar, with him, i. e. the man; or he was, or became, cheered, or gladdened, by his company or converse, or by his, or its (the thing's) presence]. (JK, S, Msb, K.) 2 أهّل بِهِ, (K,) or أهّلهُ, (Ham p. 184,) inf. n. تَأْهِيلٌ, (Ham, K,) He said to him أَهْلًا: (Ham:) or he said to him مَرْحَبًا وَأَهْلًا: (K:) like رَحَّبَ بِهِ: (TA:) [see أَهْلٌ:] IB says that [the first Pers\. of] the aor. of this verb is with fet-h to the ه [contr. to rule: a strange assertion]. (TA.) b2: أهّلهُ لِذٰلِكَ, inf. n. as above; and ↓ آهلهُ; He saw him, judged him, thought him, or held him, to be worthy, or deserving, of that; to merit it; to have a right, or just title or claim, to it: (K, * TA:) or he made him to be worthy, or deserving, of that; &c. (TA.) You say, أَهَّلَكَ اللّٰهُ لِلْخَيْرِ [May God make thee worthy, or deserving, of good, good fortune, prosperity, or the like]. (S.) 4 آهَلَكَ اللّٰهُ فِى الجَنَّةِ, inf. n. إِيهَالٌ, May God make thee to enter with thy wife into Paradise: (Az, S, TA:) or may God make thee to have a family in Paradise, and unite thee with them [therein]. (TA.) b2: See also 2.5 تَاَهَّلَ see 1.8 إِاْتَهَلَ see 1.10 استأهلهُ as signifying He was, or became, worthy, or deserving, of it, or he merited it, or he had a right, or just title or claim, to it, is not allowable: (Msb, * MF:) not only does J disallow it, but the generality of those before him do so; saying that it is not chaste: in the Fs it is said to be of weak authority; and the expositors thereof confirm this assertion, saying that it occurs, but is inferior to other words in chasteness; and El-Hareeree asserts it to be erroneous: (MF:) or it is good in this sense; and J's disallowance of it is of no account: (K:) Az and Z and Sgh and others assert it to be good: and Az says, in the T, some have asserted the saying فُلَانٌ يَسْتَأْهِلُ أَنْ يُكْرَمَ أَوْ يُهَانَ, as meaning [Such a one] is worthy, or deserving, [of being treated with honour, or of being held in light estimation,] to be erroneous; and الاِسْتِئْهَالُ to be only from الإِهَالَةُ; but I do not disallow it, nor charge with error him who says thus; for I have heard the verb thus used by a chaste Arab of the desert, of the BenooAsad, and there was present a number of Arabs of the desert who did not disapprove his saying: and this is confirmed by the saying in the Kur [lxxiv. 55], هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَي وَ أَهْلُ المَغْفِرَةِ [explained below: see أَهْلُ]. (T.) A2: استأهل, (JK, K,) or استأهل الأَهَالَةَ, (Msb,) He took the إِهَالَةَ: (JK, K:) or he ate the اهالة: see this word below. (Msb, TA.) أَهْلٌ [The people of a house or dwelling, and of a town or village, and of a country: and the family of a man:] a man's cohabitants of one dwelling or place of abode, (Er-Rághib, Kull p. 84,) and of one town or country: (Er-Rághib:) afterwards applied to a man's fellow-members of one family or race, and of one religion, and of one craft or art or the like: (Er-Rághib, Kull:) or, as some say, relations, whether they have followers or dependents, or not; whereas آلٌ signifies relations with their followers or dependents: (Kull:) or it originally signifies relations: and sometimes is applied to followers or dependents: and signifies also the أَهْل [i. e. people, or inhabitants, or family,] of a house or tent: (Msb:) or a man's nearer, or nearest, relations by descent from the same father or ancestor; or his kinsfolk; his relations: (K:) or, accord. to [the Imám] Mohammad, a man's wife [or wives] and his children and household who are the objects of his expenditure; and thus, any brother and sister, or paternal uncle and son of a paternal uncle, or strange or distantly-related child, whom a man feeds or sustains in his abode: the most particular, or most special, dependents, or the like, of a man: on the authority of El-Ghooree: (Mgh:) [J indicates some of these meanings merely by saying that it signifies] the أَهْل of a man, and the أَهْل of a house; as also ↓ أَهْلَةٌ: (S:) [see also آلٌ; in the explanations of which, certain distinctions between it and أَهْلٌ will be found mentioned:] the pl. is أَهْلُونَ, [like أَرْضُونَ, a form sometimes used for أَرَضُونَ] (Mgh, Msb, K,) and أَهَالٍ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) with an additional ى [implied by the tenween, and expressed in the accus. case, and when the word is determinate, as in الأَهَالِى,] (S,) contr. to rule, (S, Mgh,) like لَيَالٍ, pl. of لَيْلٌ, (S,) [and like أَرَاض, respecting which and ليَالٍ and أَهَالٍ, see أَرْضٌ,] and آهَالٌ, (S, K,) a pl. [of pauc.] sometimes occurring in poetry, (S,) [like آرَاضٌ,] and أَهْلَاتٌ and أَهَلَاتٌ [as though pls. of أَهْلَةٌ]. (S, K.) b2: أَهْلُ البَيْتِ The [people or] inhabitants [or family] of the house or tent. (Mgh, K.) But أَوْصَى لأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ means the same as اوصى لِجِنْسِهِ, i. e. He left by will, of his property, to the children of his father, [or his kindred by the father's side,] exclusively of all relations of the mother. (Mgh in art. جنس.) [See also أَهْلُ الرَّجُلِ, below.] b3: أَهْلَ القُرَى The [people or] inhabitants of the towns or villages. (TA.) And أَهْلُ البَلَدِ The settled, or constant, inhabitants of the country or town. (Msb.) and أَهْلُ الحَضَرِ The people of the region, or regions, of cities, towns, or villages, and of cultivated land. (A in art. حضر.) And أَهْلُ المَدَرِ وَ الوَبَرِ (S in art. مدر, &c.) [The people of the towns or villages, or] the inhabitants of the buildings, and of the tents, (Kull,) or deserts. (TA in art. وبر) b4: [أَهْلُ القُبُورِ, and المَقَابِرِ, The people of the graces, and of the places of graves; i. e., those buried therein.] b5: [أَهْلُ الجَنَّةِ The people of Paradise.]

b6: [أَهْلُ النَّارِ The people of the fire, i. e., of Hell.]

b7: See also أَهِلَةٌ. b8: The following is an ex. of اهل as explained above in the first sentence on the authority of the K: الأَهْلُ إِلَى الأَهْلِ أَسْرَعُ مِنَ السِّيلِ إِلَى السَّهْلِ a prov. [meaning Kinsfolk are quicker of tendency to kinsfolk than the torrent to the plain]. (TA.) So, too, a saying of a poet cited voce خَفْضٌ. (TA.) [And] أَهْلَكَ وَاللَّيْلَ a prov. meaning بَادِر أَهْلَكَ وَاحْذَرِ اللَّيْلَ وَ ظُلْمَتَهُ [Betake thyself early to thy family, and beware of the night and its darkness]. (Har p. 175.) [And] مَرْحَبًا وَأَهْلًا (S, K) a saying meaning Thou hast come to an ample, or a spacious, or roomy, place, and to [people like thine own] kinsfolk; therefore be cheerful, or sociable, not sad, or shy: (S:) or thou hast found, or met with, [an ample, or a spacious, or roomy, place, and] kinsfolk, not strangers. (K.) [And] أَهْلًا وَ سَهْلًا وَمَرْحَبًا Thou hast come to a people who are [like] kinsfolk, and to a place that is plain, even, not rugged, and that is ample, spacious, or roomy; therefore rejoice thyself, and be not sad, or shy. (Msb.) b9: أَهْلُ النَّبِىِّ The [family or] wives and daughters of the Prophet, and his son-in-law

'Alee: or his women; and (as some say, TA) the men who are his آل; (K, TA;) comprising the grandchildren (أَحْفَاد) and [other] progeny: and so أَهْلُ البَيْتِ as used in the Kur xxxiii. 33, occurring also [in a like sense] in xi. 76: (TA:) and الأَهْلُ is conventionally applied to the nearer, or nearest, kinsfolk of the Prophet. (Er-Rághib.) b10: أَهْلُ كُلِّ نَبِىٍّ also means The people to whom any prophet is sent; (K, TA;) and those who are of his religion. (TA.) b11: In the phrase آلٌ اللّٰهِ وَرَسُولِهِ, meaning The friends, or the like, (أَوْلِيَآء K, TA,) and the assistants, (TA,) of God and of his apostle, the first word is originally أَهْل. (K, TA.) b12: أَهْلُ اللّٰهِ is also an appellation which used to be applied to The readers or reciters [of the Kur-án]. (TA.) b13: أَهْلُ الرَّجُلِ also signifies (tropical:) The man's wife; (Mgh, * Msb, * K;) as well as his wife and children; (TA;) [so, too, in the present day, أَهْلُ بَيْتِ الرَّجُلِ;] and so, too, ↓ أَهْلَتُهُ. (K.) Hence the phrase بَنَى عَلَي

أَهْلِهِ [see art. بنىِ]: (Kull:) and دَخَلَ بِأَهْلِهِ and دَخَلَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ [see art. دخل]. (Har p. 502; &c.) b14: أَهْلُ مَذْهَبٍ [The people of, or] those who follow, (K, TA,) and believe, (TA,) a certain persuasion, or body of tenets. (K, TA.) [Hence,] أَهْلُ السُّنَةِ [Those who conform to the institutes of Mohammad]. (TA.) [And] أَهْلُ الأَهْوَآءِ [The people of erroneous opinions;] those whose belief is not that of the class termed أَهْلُ السُّنَّةِ, but who share the same قِبْلَة. (TA.) [And] أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ Those who follow the religion of El-Islám. (Mgh.) [And] أَهْلُ القُرْآنِ Those who read, or recite, the Kur-án, and perform the duties enjoined thereby. (Mgh.) [And] أَهْلُ الكِتَابِ [The people of the Scripture, or Bible: and] the readers, or reciters, of the Mosaic Law, and of the Gospel. (TA.) b15: أَهْلُ العِلْمِ [The people of knowledge, or science;] those who are characterized by knowledge, or science. (Msb.) b16: أَهْلُ الأَمْرِ [The possessors of command: or] those who superintend the affairs [of others]; (K, TA;) like أُلُوالأَمرِ, q. v. (TA.) b17: أَهْلُ المَرَاتِبِ [The people of exalted stations, posts of honour, or dignities]. (TA in art. رتب.) b18: أَهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ (Mgh in art. ذم) and أَهْلُ العَهْدِ (TA in art. عهد) Those persons, (Mgh, TA,) of the unbelievers, (Mgh,) [namely, Christians, Jews, and Sabians, but no others,] who have a compact, or covenant, with the Muslims, (Mgh, TA,) paying a poll-tax, whereby they are secure of their property and blood, (Mgh,) or whereby the Muslims are responsible for their security [and freedom and toleration] as long as they act agreeably to the compact. (TA.) b19: أَهْلٌ also signifies The possessors, or owners, of property: as in the Kur iv. 61. (TA.) b20: أَهْلٌ لِكَذَا A person, (S, K,) and persons, for it is used as a sing. and as a pl., (K,) having a right, or just title, to such a thing; entitled thereto; worthy, or deserving, thereof; meet, or fit, for it: (S, K:) the vulgar say ↓ مُسْتَأْهِلٌ, which is not allowable: (S:) or this assertion of J's is of no account. (K: see 10.) You say, هُو أَهْلٌ لِإِكْرَامِ He is entitled to be, or worthy of being, treated with honour. (Msb.) And لِكُّلِ ↓ هُوَ أَهْلَةٌ خَيْر [He is entitled to, or worthy of, all that is good]. (Ibn- 'Abbád.) And وُدٍّ ↓ أَهلَةٌ He who is, or they who are, entitled to, or worthy of, love, or affection. (S, Sgh.) And hence, in the Kur [lxxiv. last verse], هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَى وَأَهْلُ المَغْفِرَةِ (TA) He is the Being entitled to be regarded with pious fear, and the Being entitled to forgive those who so regard Him. (Jel.) In the phrase أهْلَ الثَنَآءِ وَالمَجْدِ [0 Thou who art the Being entitled to praise and glory], occurring in a form of prayer, the first word is mansoob as a vocative: and it may be marfooa, as the enunciative of an inchoative suppressed; i. e. أَنْتَ أَهْلُ [Thou art the Being entitled &c.]. (Msb.) b21: [Frequently, also, أَهْلٌ signifies The author, or, more commonly, authors, of a thing; like صَاحِبٌ and أَصْحَابٌ; as in أَهْلُ البِدَعِ The author, or authors, of innovations; and أَهْلُ الظُّلْمِ The author, or authors, of wrong.]

أَهِلٌ: see أَهْلِيىٌ.

أَهْلَةٌ: see أَهْلٌ, in four places: A2: and see أَهلَةٌ.

أَهِلَةٌ i. q. مَالٌ [Property; or cattle]: so in the saying إِنَّهُمْ لَأَهْلُ أَهِلَةٍ (JK, K) [app. meaning Verily they are sojourners, or settlers, possessed of property, or cattle]: ↓ أَهْلٌ here signifying حُلُولٌ [pl. of حَالٌّ]. (JK, TA.) [But] Yoo says that ↓ هُمْ أَهْلُ أَهْلَةِ and أَهِلَةٍ means They are people of the distinguished sort. (TA.) أَهْلِىٌّ A domestic beast [or bird]; a beast [or bird] that keeps to the dwelling [of its owner]; (JK, Msb, K, TA;) contr. of وَــحْشِىٌّ; (TA;) as also ↓ أَهِلٌ. (K.) You say حُمُرٌ أَهْلِيَّةٌ [Domestic asses]: (JK, TA:) occurring in a trad., in which their flesh is forbidden to be eaten. (TA.) أَهْلِيَّةٌ The quality of having a right, or just title, to a thing; worthiness, or desert; meetness, or fitness; in Pers\. سَزَوَارِى: (Golius, app. from a gloss. in a copy of the KL:) the state, or quality, of meetness, or fitness, [of a person,] for the bindingness of the rights which the law imposes for one or upon him. (TA.) إِهَالَةٌ Grease: (S:) or melted grease: (Msb:) or fat: or melted fat: or olive-oil: and anything that is used as a seasoning or condiment: (K:) such as fresh butter, and fat, and oil of sesame: (TA:) or melted fat of a sheep's tail and the like. (JK.) Hence, سَرْعَانَ ذَا إِهَالَةٌ, a prov., mentioned in art. سرع; (K, * TA;) or, as some say, وَشْكَانَ. (TA.) آهِلٌ, (JK, S, Msb, K,) [said by those unacquainted with the verb أَهَلَ in the first of the senses explained in this art. to be] a kind of rel. n., (TA,) and ↓ مَأْهُولٌ, (JK, K,) A place peopled, or inhabited: (Msb:) or a place having people: (JK:) or the former has this signification; and the latter signifies having its people in it: (ISk, K:) or the former has this last signification: (Yoo, S:) pl. of the latter مَآهِلُ, occurring in a poem of Ru-beh [app. by poetic licence for مَآهِيلُ]. (TA.) You say قَرْيَةٌ آهِلَةٌ A peopled, or inhabited, town or village. (Msb.) And أَمْسَتْ نِيرَانُهُمْ آهِلَةٌ Their fires became in the evening attended by many people. (TA.) مَأهُولٌ: see آهِلٌ.

A2: ثَرِيدَةٌ مَأْهُولَةٌ [A mess of crumbled bread] having much إِهَالَة, q. v. (A, TA.) مُتَأَهِّلٌ Having a wife. (Har p. 571.) مُسْتَأْهِلٌ: see أَهْلٌ; latter part of the paragraph.

A2: Also Taking, or eating, إِهَالَة, q. v. (S.)

ل

أ

Accord. to some, the words of this art. are from a triliteral root, augmented: AAF, for instance, says that they belong to the same class as سبطر [in which the ر is added to the root.] TA.) R. Q. 1 لَأْلَأَ, (TA,) and ↓ تَلَأْلَأَ, (S, K,) (tropical:) It (a star, and the moon, TA, and lightning, S, K, and fire, TA) shone, glistened, or was bright: (K:) or shone with flickering light. (TA.) b2: لألأتِ النَّارُ, inf. n. لَأْلَأَةٌ, (tropical:) The fire burned brightly: (K:) and ↓ تَلَأْلَأَتْ it blazed. (TA.) b3: لألأ الدَّمْعَ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He let fall the tears (K) upon his cheeks like pearls. (TA.) b4: لألأت بِعَيْنَيْهَا (assumed tropical:) She (a woman) opened her eyes wide, and looked intently. (K.) b5: لألأ بِذَنَبِهِ (assumed tropical:) He (a bull, or a wild bull, ثَوْرٌ وَــحْشِىٌّ, (TA,) or an antelope, K), wagged his tail. b6: لَا آتِيكَ مَا لَأْلَأَتِ الفُورُ بِأَذْنَابِهَا, (Lh,) or لَا أَفْعَلُهُ, (S,) I will not come to thee, or I will not do it, while the gazelles wag their tails: [i. e., I will never come to thee]. (Lh, S.) A proverb. (TA.) b7: لألأتِ العَنْزُ (tropical:) The she-goat, or doe, desired the male. (K.) R. Q. 2 See 1. b2: Also It (the سَرَاب [or mirage]) [moved to and fro, undulated, or] came and went. (S in art. رق.) لُؤْلُؤَةٌ A pearl: pl. لَؤْلُؤٌ (S, K) and لَآلِئُ: (S:) [or rather, لُؤْلُؤٌ is a coll. gen. n., of which لُؤْلُؤَةٌ is the n. un.]. b2: Also, (tropical:) A wild cow; syn. بَقَرَةٌ وَحْشِيَّةٌ [a species of bovine antelope]. (K.) لَوْنٌ لُؤْلُؤَانٌ, and ↓ لُؤْلُئِىّ, [A colour like that of pearls]. (K.) Ibn-Ahmar uses the former epithet as a fem. (TA.) لُؤْلُئِىٌّ: see preceding paragraph; and لَأّلٌ.

لِئَالَةٌ [contr. to analogy, unless the radical letters be لأل,] The trade of a seller of pearls. (K.) لَأّءٌ: see لَأّلٌ, below.

لَأّلٌ (Fr, S, K) and ↓ لَأّءٌ and ↓ لَأْلَآءٌ, (K,) all contr. to analogy [if the radical letters be لألأ], and the last a strange form, mentioned by few authors, and disapproved by most: (TA:) the regular from would be لُؤْلُئِىٌّ; not لَأّءٌ, as J asserts it to be, [unless the radical letters be لأأ], nor لَأّلٌ (K) [unless it be from a triliteral root, augmented, and thus rendered a quasi-quadriliteral-radical; (see a remark at the head of this art.; and see حَيَّةٌ;) in which case, either the added letter or the last radical letter may be omitted in the formation of this epithet]: (K:) A seller of pearls. (S, K.) لَأْلَآءٌ: see لَأّلٌ. b2: Also, A perfect, or complete, rejoicing. (K.) [It may be an inf. n.]

أنوار التنزيل، وأسرار التأويل
في التفسير.
للقاضي، الإمام، العلامة، ناصر الدين، أبي سعيد: عبد الله بن عمر البيضاوي، الشافعي.
المتوفى: بتبريز، سنة خمس وثمانين وستمائة. (وقيل: سنة 692).
ذكر التاج السبكي في (الطبقات الكبرى) : أن البيضاوي لما صرف عن قضاء شيراز، رحل إلى تبريز، وصادف دخوله إليها مجلس درس لبعض الفضلاء، فجلس في أخريات القوم، بحيث لم يعلم به أحد.
فذكر المدرس نكتة، زعم أن أحدا من الحاضرين لا يقدر على جوابها، وطلب من القوم حلها، والجواب عنها، فإن لم يقدروا فالحل فقط، فإن لم يقدروا فإعادتها.
فشرع البيضاوي في الجواب، فقال: لا أسمع حتى أعلم أنك فهمت، فخيره بين إعادتها بلفظها، أو معناها، فبهت المدرس، فقال: أعدها بلفظها، فأعادها، ثم حلها، وبين أن في ترتيبه إياها خللا، ثم أجاب عنها، وقابلها في الحال بمثلها، ودعا المدرس إلى حلها، فتعذر عليه ذلك.
وكان الوزير حاضرا، فأقامه من مجلسه، وأدناه إلى جانبه، وسأله من أنت؟ فأخبره أنه: البيضاوي، وأنه جاء في طلب القضاء بشيراز، فأكرمه، وخلع عليه في يومه، ورده. انتهى.
وقيل: إنه طال مدة ملازمته، فاستشفع من الشيخ: محمد بن محمد الكحتائي، فلما أتاه على عادته، قال: إن هذا الرجل عالم فاضل، يريد الاشتراك مع الأمير، في السعير، يعني أنه يطلب منكم مقدار سجادة في النار، وهي مجلس الحكم.
فتأثر الإمام البيضاوي من كلامه، وترك المناصب الدنيوية، ولازم الشيخ إلى أن مات.
وصنف (التفسير)، بإشارة شيخه، ولما مات دفن عند قبره.
وتفسيره: هذا كتاب عظيم الشأن، غني عن البيان، لخص فيه من (الكشاف) ما يتعلق بالإعراب، والمعاني، والبيان.
ومن (التفسير الكبير) ما يتعلق بالحكمة، والكلام.
ومن (تفسير الراغب) ما يتعلق بالاشتقاق، وغوامض الحقائق، ولطائف الإشارات.
وضم إليه: ما ورى زناد فكره من الوجوه المعقولة، والتصرفات المقبولة، فجلا رين الشك عن السريرة، وزاد في العلم بسطة وبصيرة، كما قال مولانا المنشي:
(شعر)
أولوا الألباب لم يأتوا * بكشف قناع ما يتلى
ولكن كان للقاضي * يد بيضاء لا تبلى
ولكونه متبحرا في ميدان فرسان الكلام، فأظهر مهارته في العلوم، حسبما يليق بالمقام، كشف القناع تارة، عن وجوه محاسن الإشارة، وملح الاستعارة، وهتك الأستار أخرى، عن أسرار المعقولات، بيد الحكمة ولسانها، وترجمان الناطقة وبنانها، فحل ما أشكل على الأنام، وذلل لهم صعب المرام.
وأورد في المباحث الدقيقة: ما يؤمن به عن الشبه المضلة، وأوضح له مناهج الأدلة.
والذي ذكره من وجوه التفسير: ثانيا، أو ثالثا، أو رابعا، قيل: فهو: ضعيف ضعف المرجوح، أو ضعف المردود.
وأما الوجه الذي تفرد فيه: وظن بعضهم أنه مما لا ينبغي أن يكون من الوجوه التفسيرية السنية، كقوله: وحمل الملائكة العرش وحفيفهم حوله، مجاز عن حفظهم، وتدبيرهم له، ونحوه، فهو ظن من لعله يقصر فهمه عن تصور مبانيه، ولا يبلغ علمه إلى الإحاطة بما فيه.
فمن اعترض بمثله على كلامه، كأنه ينصب الحبالة للعنقاء، ويروم أن يقنص نسر الشماء، لأنه مالك زمام العلوم الدينية، والفنون اليقينية، على مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة.
وقد اعترفوا له قاطبة بالفضل المطلق، وسلموا إليه قصب السبق، فكان تفسيره يحتوي فنونا من العلم، وعرة المسالك، وأنواعا من القواعد، مختلفة الطرائق.
وقلّ من برز في فن إلا وصده عن سواه، وشغله، والمرء عدو ما جهله، فلا يصل إلى مرامه، إلا من نظر إليه بعين فكره، وأعمى عين هواه، واستعبد نفسه في طاعة مولاه، حتى يسلم من الغلط والزلل، ويقتدر على رد السفسطة والجدل.
وأما أكثر الأحاديث التي أوردها في أواخر السور، فإنه لكونه ممن صفت مرآة قلبه، وتعرض لنفحات ربه، تسامح فيه، وأعرض عن أسباب التجريح والتعديل، ونحا نحو الترغيب والتأويل، عالما بأنها مما فاه صاحبه بزورودلي بغرور، والله عليم بذات الصدور.
ثم إن هذا الكتاب، رزق من عند الله - سبحانه وتعالى - بحسن القبول، عند جمهور الأفاضل والفحول؛ فعكفوا عليه بالدرس والتحشية.
فمنهم: من علق تعليقة على سورة منه؛ ومنهم: من حشَّى تحشية تامة؛ ومنهم: من كتب على بعض مواضع منه.
أما الحاشية التامة عليه فكثيرة، منها:.

تلخيص المفتاح، في المعاني والبيان
للشيخ، الإمام، جلال الدين: محمد بن عبد الرحمن القزويني، الشافعي، المعروف: بخطيب دمشق.
المتوفى: سنة 739، تسع وثلاثين وسبعمائة.
وهو متن مشهور.
ذكر أن: القسم الثالث من (مفتاح العلوم) أعظم ما صنف في علم البلاغة نفعا، ولكن كان غير مصون عن الحشو، والتطويل.
فصنف هذا: (التلخيص) متضمنا ما فيه من القواعد.
ورتب: ترتيبا أقرب تناولا من ترتيبه.
وأضاف إلى ذلك: فوائد من عنده.
وهو على: مقدمة، وثلاثة فنون.
الفن الأول: علم المعاني.
وفيه: ثمانية أبواب.
الأول: أحوال الإسناد.
الثاني: أحوال المسند إليه.
الثالث: أحوال المسند.
الرابع: أحوال متعلقات الفعل.
الخامس: القصر.
السادس: الإنشاء.
السابع: الوصل.
الثامن: والإيجاز، والإطناب، - والمساواة -.
والثاني: علم البيان.
وفيه أقسام: التشبيه، والاستعارة، والكناية.
والثالث: علم البديع.
ثم صنف كتابا آخر، في هذا الفن.
وسماه: (الإيضاح).
وجعله: كالشرح عليه.
وقد سبق مع شروحه.
ولما كان هذا المتن مما يتلقى بحسن التلقي والقبول، أقبل عليه معشر الأفاضل والفحول، وأكب على درسه وحفظه أولوا المعقول والمنقول، فصار كأصله محط رحال تحريرات الرجال، ومهبط أنوار الأفكار، ومزدحم آراء البال.
فكتبوا له شروحا، منها:
شرح: الفاضل: محمد بن مظفر الخلخالي.
المتوفى: سنة 745، خمس وأربعين وسبعمائة.
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي أسبغ على الإنسان نعمه ظاهرة وباطنة... الخ).
ذكر أن: المتن مشتمل على: مباحث شريفة، لا تكاد توجد في غيره من الكتب، ولم يكن له غير ما هو كالشرح له من كتابه (الإيضاح).
فشرحه: شرحا وافيا، مشيرا إلى: أجوبة ما اعترض به مؤلفه فيه.
وفي كتابه: (الإيضاح، على صاحب المفتاح).
وسماه: (مفتاح تلخيص المفتاح).
فيفهم من عبارته: أنه أول من شرحه في ظنه.
وشرح: الفاضل، شمس الدين: محمد بن عثمان بن محمد الزوزني.
المتوفى: سنة 792، اثنتين وتسعين وسبعمائة.
أوله: (بالله أستعين وإليه أتضرع... الخ).
وشرح: العلامة، سعد الدين: مسعود بن عمر التفتازاني.
المتوفى: سنة 792، اثنتين وتسعين وسبعمائة.
شرحا عظيما ممزوجا.
وفرغ من تأليفه: في صفر، سنة 748، ثمان وأربعين وسبعمائة.
ثم شرح: شرحا ثانيا، ممزوجا.
مختصرا من الأول.
زاد فيه، ونقص.
وفرغ منه: بغجدوان، سنة 756، ست وخمسين وسبعمائة.
وقد اشتهر الشرح الأول: (بالمطول).
والشرح الثاني: (بالمختصر).
وهما أشهر شروحه، وأكثرها تداولا، لما فيهما من حسن السبك، ولطف التعبير، فإنهما تحرير نحرير، أي نحرير!
وعلى: (المطول) حواش كثيرة، منها:
حاشية: العلامة، السيد، الشريف: علي بن محمد الجرجاني.
المتوفى: سنة 816، ست عشرة وثمانمائة.
أولها: (الحمد لله رب العالمين... الخ).
ذكر أنه: قيد عليه حواشي مجملة، حين قرأ بعض الطلبة، ثم سألوا تعليقا مفصلة، ففعل.
فجاءت مشتملة على: فوائد، منها: ما هو توضيح لمقاصده، ومنها: ما هو تنبيه على مزاله... الخ.
وهي: على أوائله، وفيها اعتراضات على الشارح، وتحقيقات لطيفة، ترتاح إليها آذان الأذهان.
وحاشية: المولى، المحقق: حسن بن محمد شاه الفناري.
المتوفى: سنة 886، ست وثمانين وثمانمائة.
وهي: حاشية تامة، مشحونة بالفوائد.
وحاشية: المولى، الفاضل: محمد بن فرامرز، الشهير: بملا خسرو.
المتوفى: سنة 885، خمس وثمانين وثمانمائة.
وهي: مفيدة، مقبولة، إلى قريب نصفه، أجاب فيها عن: اعتراضات القريمي.
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي هدانا إلى تلخيص المعاني بمفتاح البيان... الخ).
وله: على المتن شرح.
ذكره: المجدي في ترجمة (الشقائق).
وحاشية، الفاضل، المحقق: أبي القاسم بن أبي بكر الليثي، السمرقندي.
المتوفى: سنة...
وهي: تامة مقبولة، في غاية الدقة، والتحقيق.
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي أنعمنا بتلخيص دقائق المعاني... الخ).
وحاشية، المحقق، ميرزا: جان حبيب الله الشيرازي.
المتوفى: سنة 994، أربع وتسعين وتسعمائة.
وهي أيضا: مفيدة تامة، لكنها قليلة الوجود.
وحاشية، شيخ الإسلام بهراة: أحمد بن يحيى بن محمد الحفيد.
المتوفى: شهيدا، سنة 906، ست وتسعمائة.
وهي أيضا: تامة، لكنها صغيرة الحجم.
وحاشية، الفاضل، مصلح الدين: محمد اللاري.
المتوفى: سنة 979، تسع وسبعين وتسعمائة.
وهي: تعليقة على أوائله.
وحاشية، الشيخ، علاء الدين: علي بن محمد الشاهرودي، البسطامي، الشهير: بمصنفك.
المتوفى: سنة 871، إحدى وسبعين وثمانمائة.
وهي: حاشية مفيدة.
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي وفقنا لتتبع الخواص... الخ).
ذكر أنه: افتتحها بهراة، في شهور سنة 830، ثلاثين وثمانمائة.
وأتمها: ببسطام، في شهور سنة 832، اثنتين وثلاثين.
وذكر في (الشقائق) : أن المولى: حسن جلبي، حضر يوما في مجلس الوزير: محمود باشا، وذكر تصانيف المولى: مصنفك، وقال: قد رددت عليه في كثير من المواضع، ومع ذلك قد فضلته علي في المنصب، وكان مصنفك من الحضار.
وقال له الوزير: هل رأيت المولى مصنفك؟ قال: لا، قال: هذا هو!
فخجل المولى: حسن جلبي، خجالة عظيمة، وقال له الوزير: لا تخجل، إن به صمما، لا يسمع.
ومنها: حاشية، المولى: أحمد بن عبد الله القريمي.
المتوفى: سنة خمسين وثمانمائة، (بعد سنة 862، اثنتين وستين وثمانمائة).
وهي: تامة.
سماها: (المعول).
أولها: (الحمد لله شرح صدورنا، برقم حقائق المعاني... الخ).
فرغ عنها: في شوال، سنة 856، ست وخمسين وثمانمائة.
وحاشية، مولانا: أحمد الطالشي.
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي جعل العربية وسيلة... الخ).
وحاشية: شمس الدين: محمد بن أحمد البسطامي.
المتوفى: سنة 842، اثنتين وأربعين وثمانمائة.
وحاشية: عز الدين: محمد بن أبي بكر، المعروف: بابن جماعة.
المتوفى: سنة تسع عشرة وثمانمائة.
له: ثلاث حواش، على: (المطول).
سماها: (المبين، والمفصل).
أولها: (الحمد لله المتفرد بكمال قدرته...).
وله: حاشية على: (عروس الأفراح).
وحاشية: الشيخ: يحيى بن سيف (يوسف) السيرامي، المصري، الحنفي.
المتوفى: سنة 833، ثلاث وثلاثين وثمانمائة.
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي زين سماء البلاغة... الخ).
قال: هذا شرح، كتبته على: (المطول).
يشتمل على: دقائق، وقواعد، وضوابط.
جعلتها: تحفة لفضلاء الدهر.
وفرغ عنها: في شهر صفر، سنة 830، ثلاثين وثمانمائة.
وحاشية: المولى: حسن بن عبد الصمد السامسوني.
المتوفى: سنة 891، إحدى وتسعين وثمانمائة.
علقها على: (بحث الحقيقة، والمجاز).
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي علمنا خواص تراكيبه... الخ).
وحاشية: مولانا، نظام الدين: عثمان الخطابي.
المتوفى: سنة 901، إحدى وتسعمائة.
وهي: حاشية لطيفة.
وعلى حاشية الشريف الجرجاني حواش، منها:
حاشية: لمولانا، مصلح الدين: مصطفى بن حسام الرومي.
أجاب فيها: عن اعتراضات المولى: خسرو، على الشريف، لكن أطال، وأطنب.
ومنها:
حاشية: المولى: يوسف بن حسين الكرماستي.
المتوفى: سنة 906، ست وتسعمائة.
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي علمنا خواص تراكيب كتابه... الخ).
وحاشية: الشريف: مرتضي المتأخر.
ذكره: أبو البقاء في: حاشيته، على الوضعية.
وعلى (المختصر) أيضا: حواش عديدة، منها:
حاشية: مولانا، نظام الدين: عثمان الخطابي، المذكور آنفا.
وهي: مشهورة، متداولة، لكنها على الأوائل فقط.
أولها: (لك اللهم الحمد والمنة... الخ).
وحاشية: الفاضل: عبد الله بن شهاب الدين اليزدي.
وهي: حاشية مقبولة، مفيدة.
أولها: (حمدا لمن خلق الإنسان وعلمه البيان... الخ).
ذكر في آخرها: أنه فرغ عن تأليفها: في ذي الحجة، سنة 962، اثنتين وستين وتسعمائة، بالمدرسة المنصورية، بشيراز.
وتوفي في: سنة 1015.
وله: (حاشية على حاشية الخطايي) أيضا.
للفاضل: ميرزا جان، حبيب الله، الشيرازي.
المتوفى: سنة 994، أربع وتسعين وتسعمائة.
أولها: (الحمد لله الذي جعل حمده عن مصاقع فصحاء نوع الإنسان... الخ).
ذكر فيه: أنه لخص فرائد حاشية: مولانا زاده.
ومنها:
حاشية: إبراهيم بن أحمد، الشهير: بابن الملا، الحلبي.
سماها: (غاية رسول الحريص من إيضاح شرح التلخيص).
مجلد.
وله: حاشية أخرى، وهي: صغرى.
سماها: (الروض الموشى من التحرير، على شرح المختصر المــحشى).
وحاشية: المولى: يوسف بن حسين الكرماستي.
المتوفى: سنة 906، ست وتسعمائة.
وحاشية: حميد الدين بن أفضل الدين، الحسيني.
وحاشية: شيخ الإسلام: أحمد بن يحيى بن محمد الحفيد.
المتوفى: سنة 916، ست عشرة وتسعمائة (906).
ذكر في آخرها: أنه فرغ في شهور، سنة 886، ست وثمانين وثمانمائة.
وحاشية: مصلح الدين: مصطفى بن حسام الرومي.
وحاشية: المولى محمد بن الخطيب، الشهير: بخطيب زاده الرومي.
المتوفى: سنة 901.
وحاشية: شهاب الدين: أحمد بن قاسم العبادي، الأزهري.
المتوفى: سنة 994.
جمعها: بعض تلامذته من خطه في: هوامش المختصر، من غير حذف شيء.
ورمز إلى المنقول عنه: بالحروف فإنه: كتبه من: فوائد (حاشية: الشريف الجرجاني: ناصر الدين الطبلاوي).
والسيد: عيسى الصفوي.
وابن جماعة.
فصارت حاشية عظيمة، مفيدة إلى الغاية.
ومن بقايا شروح (التلخيص) :
شرح: العلامة، أكمل الدين: محمد بن محمود البابرتي.
المتوفى: سنة 786، ست وثمانين وسبعمائة.
وهو: شرح بالقول.
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي أفاض أنواع الحكم... الخ).
فرغ من تأليفه: في رمضان، سنة: اثنتين وسبعين وسبعمائة.
ونبه على ما ورد عليه من الاعتراضات.
وأشار إلى أجوبتها.
ويقال: أن له (حاشية على المطول) أيضا.
وشرح: بهاء الدين: أحمد بن علي بن عبد الكافي السبكي.
المتوفى: سنة 773، ثلاث وسبعين وسبعمائة.
سماه: (عروس الأفراح).
وهو: شرح ممزوج، مبسوط (كالأطوال).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي فتق عن بديع المعاني...)
وشرح: محب الدين: محمد بن يوسف (بن أحمد بن عبيد الدائم)، المعروف: بناظر الجيش، الحلبي.
المتوفى: سنة 778، ثمان وسبعين وسبعمائة.
وشرح: جلال الدين: رسولا بن أحمد (بن يوسف) التباني، الثيري.
المتوفى: سنة 793، ثلاث وتسعين وسبعمائة.
وسماه: (التلخيص).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي جعل العلماء لبديع لطفه... الخ).
وشرح: محمد بن أحمد بن الموفق القيصري.
فرغ عنه: في رمضان، سنة: 761، إحدى وستين وسبعمائة.
وشرح: الفاضل، السيد: عبد الله بن الحسن المعروف: بنقره كار.
المتوفى: سنة 750.
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي شهد الحوادث على أزليته... الخ).
وشرح: العلامة، الفاضل، المحقق، عصام الدين: إبراهيم بن عربشاه الأسفرايني.
المتوفى: سنة 945، خمس وأربعين وتسعمائة.
وهو: شرح ممزوج عظيم.
يقال له: (الأطول).
أوله: (الحمد لله على كل حال، يستوعب مزايا الإفضال... الخ).
وشرح: محمد بن محمد (ابن محمد) التبريزي.
سماه: (نفائس التنصيص).
وهو: شرح بقال أقول.
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي خلق الإنسان... الخ).
وهو: مؤخر عن السعد التفتازاني.
وشرح: مسمى: (بتوضيح فتوح الأرواح).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي أبدع الإنسان ببديع قدرته... الخ).
وهو: شرح كبير بالقول.
ذكر فيه: أن جمال الدين أشار إلى تأليفه.
وشرح أبياته:
للشيخ: عبد الرحيم بن أحمد العبادي، العباسي.
المتوفى: سنة 963، ثلاث وستين وتسعمائة.
سماه: (معاهد التنصيص، على شواهد التلخيص).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي أطلع في سماء البيان أهلة المعاني... الخ).
ذكر فيه: معاني الأبيات، وتراجم قائليها، ووضع في كل فن ما يناسبه من نظائره الأدبية، ومزج فيه الجد بالهزل.
وأهداه إلى: أبي البقا: محمد بن يحيى بن الجيعان.
ثم لخصه، واقتصر على شرح الشواهد فقط.
وشرح الشواهد أيضا.
للشيخ، بدر الدين: محمد بن رضي الدين: محمد الغزي، مفتي الشام.
المتوفى: في حدود سنة ثمانين وتسعمائة، (984، أربع وثمانين وتسعمائة).
سماه: (التخصيص، في شرح شواهد التلخيص).
و (للتلخيص) مختصرات، منها:
(تلخيص التلخيص).
لشهاب الدين: أحمد بن محمد، المعروف: بالصاحب.
المتوفى: سنة 788، ثمان وثمانين وسبعمائة.
سماه: (لطيف المعاني).
و (تلخيص التلخيص).
للمولى: لطف الله بن حسن التوقاتي.
المتوفى: شهيدا، سنة 900، تسعمائة.
و (تلخيص التلخيص).
لزين الدين، أبي محمد: عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر المعروف: بالعيني.
المتوفى: سنة 893، ثلاث وتسعين وثمانمائة.
سماه: (تحفة المعاني، لعلم المعاني).
و (تلخيص التلخيص).
لعز الدين: محمد بن أبي بكر، المعروف: بابن جماعة.
المتوفى: سنة 819، تسع عشر وثمانمائة.
و (تلخيص التلخيص).
للمولى: برويز الرومي.
المتوفى: سنة 987، سبع وثمانين وتسعمائة.
أوله: (الحمد لله رب العالمين... الخ).
وله: (شرح على ما اختصره).
و (تلخيص التلخيص).
لنور الدين: حمزة بن طورغود.
أوله: (الحمد لمن علم الإنسان ما احتواه القرآن... الخ).
ذكر أنه: ألفه في طريق الحج، سنة 962، اثنتين وستين وتسعمائة.
ورتب على: مقدمة، وثلاث مسالك، وخاتمة.
وسماه: (المسالك).
ثم شرحه: شرحا ممزوجا.
وسماه: (الهوادي).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي علق قلائد الألفاظ... الخ)
و (تلخيص التلخيص)، المسمى:
(بأقصى الأماني، في علم البيان والبديع والمعاني).
لبعض شراح (المطول).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي نور بصائر من اصطفاه... الخ).
رتب على: مقدمة، وثلاثة فنون.
ثم شرحه، وسماه: (فتح منزل المثاني).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي شرح صدورنا... الخ).
سلك فيه مسلك الإيجاز.
و (تلخيص التلخيص) المسمى:
(بأنبوب البلاغة).
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي خلق الإنسان علمه البيان... الخ).
للعالم: خضر بن محمد الأماسي، المفتي بأماسية في عصرنا.
ألفه: سنة 1060، ستين وألف.
وجعل (تاريخه) اسمه بألف، ثم شرحه.
وسماه: (إفاضة الأنبوب) (الإفاضة، لأنبوب البلاغة).
وهو: شرح ممزوج.
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي نزل القرآن على نبي أمي عربي اللسان... الخ).
وللتلخيص منظومات، منها:
نظم: زين الدين، أبي العز: طاهر بن حسن بن حبيب الحلبي.
المتوفى: سنة 808، ثمان وثمانمائة.
وسماه: (التخليص، في نظم التلخيص).
وهو: ألفان وخمسمائة بيت.
ونظم: شهاب الدين: أحمد بن عبد الله القلجي.
الذي ولد: سنة 829، تسع وعشرين وثمانمائة. (892)
ونظم: زين الدين: عبد الرحمن بن العيني، المذكور آنفا.
ونظم: الشيخ، جلال الدين: عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر السيوطي.
المتوفى: سنة 911، إحدى عشرة وتسعمائة.
سماه: (مفتاح التلخيص) (عقود الجمان، في المعاني والبيان).
ثم شرح: هذا المنظوم.
وسماه: (عقود الجمان) (حل عقود الجمان).
وله: (نكت على التلخيص).
وتخريج أبياته: مروية بالإسناد، مع ذكر القصيدة عليها.
ونظم: الشيخ، أبي النجا: بن خلف المعري.
الذي ولد سنة: 849، تسع وأربعين وثمانمائة.
ومن المكتوبات عليه: (ترجمة المطول).
بالتركية.
للشيخ: محمد بن محمد، الشهير: بآلتي برمق.
المتوفى: سنة 1033، ثلاث وثلاثين وألف.

فت

1 فَتَّ, (S, M, O, Msb,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. فَتٌّ, (Lth, T, M, Msb, K,) He crumbled a thing, or broke it into small pieces, with his fingers: (Lth, T, TA:) or he broke (a thing, M) with his fingers: (M, K:) or [simply] he broke a thing: (S, O:) or (M) he bruised, or brayed, (M, K,) a thing: (M:) and ↓ فتّت, (M, TA,) inf. n. تَفْتِيتٌ, (O,) signifies the same; (M, TA;) or [rather] he broke [a thing, or crumbled it with his fingers,] much. (O.) You say of a man, فَتَّ الخُبْزَ, (A, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and ↓ فتّتهُ; He crumbled the bread with his fingers. (A.) b2: [Hence,] one says, ذَا مِمَّا يَفُتُّ كَبِدِى (assumed tropical:) [lit. This is of what crumbles, or crushes, my liver; like as we say, “of what breaks my heart ”]. (A, TA.) b3: And كَلَّمَهُ بِشَىْءٍ فَفَتَّ فِى سَاعِدِهِ (assumed tropical:) He told him, or spoke to him, of a thing, and it [crushed, or] weakened, or enervated, him. (M, K, * TA.) And فَتَّ فِى

عَضُدِى وَهَدَّ رُكْنِى (O, TA) (assumed tropical:) He broke my strength, and dispersed, or separated, my assistants. (TA.) And فَتَّ فِى عَضُدِ فُلَانٍ i. e. فِى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He sought to injure such a one by diminishing, or impairing, [in number or power,] the people of his house. (T, O. [See also art. عضد.]) The verb in this phrase is also used in the pass. form. (O.) 2 فَتَّّ see the preceding paragraph, in two places.5 تَفَتَّّ see the paragraph here following.7 انفتّ It became crumbled, or broken into small pieces, with the fingers: (TA:) or it became broken with the fingers: (M, TA:) or [simply] it became broken: (S, O:) or it became bruised, or brayed: and ↓ تفتّت signifies the same; (M, TA;) or [rather] it became broken [or crumbled with the fingers] much. (S, O.) R. Q. 1 فَتْفَتَةٌ [inf. n. of فَتْفَتَ] The drinking, of camels, less than satisfies thirst. (O, K.) b2: [And it is also trans.:] one says of a pastor, فَتْفَتَ إِبِلَهُ He drove back his camels from the water when they had not satisfied their thirst. (IAar, T, O.) A2: And فَتْفَتَ إِلَيْهِ, inf. n. فَتْفَتَةٌ, He spoke secretly to him: one says, مَا هٰذِهِ الدَّنْدَنَةُ وَالفَتْفَتَةُ [What is this whispering, and secret speaking?]. (A, TA.) فَتٌّ A fissure in a rock: (IAar, T, O, K:) as also ثَتٌّ: (IAar, T:) pl. فُتُوتٌ. (IAar, T, O.) A2: مَا فِى يَدِى مِنْكَ حَتٌّ وَلَا فَتٌّ There is not in my hand, from thee, aught. (O.) A3: أُولٰئِكَ أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ فَتٍّ and ↓ فُتٍّ (Fr, T, O, K *) and ↓ فِتٍّ (Fr, T, K) Those are the people of a house dispersed, or scattered, (Fr, T, O, K. *) فُتٌّ and فِتٌّ: see what next precedes.

فَتَّةٌ, (M, A, and so in some copies of the S,) or ↓ فُتَّةٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) or both, (K,) or the latter and ↓ فِتَّةٌ, (T, O,) The thing, (S, O,) or piece of dung, (T, M, A, K.) [i. e.] of dry dung, (CK,) of the camel, (T, M, A, K,) or of the horse or any solid-hoofed animal, (T,) that is broken, or crumbled, (S, M, A, O, K,) and put beneath the زَنْدَة, (T, S, O,) or put beneath the زَنْد, on the occasion of striking fire, (M,) [i. e.] in which one strikes fire. (K.) [Hence,] one says, فُلَانٌ لَا يُسَاوِى فَتَّةً, meaning [Such a one is not worth] a crumbled piece of dung of the camel. (A.) b2: Also, i. e. فَتَّةٌ and ↓ فُتَّةٌ, (K,) or the latter [only], (AA, T, O,) A كُتْلَة [i. e. lump, or compact portion,] of dates. (AA, T, O, K.) فُتَّةٌ and فِتَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph; the former in two places.

فُتَاتٌ Broken bits or particles, (T, S, M, A, O, Msb, K,) and (A) such as have fallen off, (T, A,) of a thing, (S, O, Msb,) [as] of coloured wool, (T, A,) and of wool in general, (T,) and of musk, and [crumbs] of bread. (A.) فَتُوتٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

فَتِيتٌ i. q. ↓ مَفْتُوتٌ [i. e. Crumbled, or broken into small pieces, with the fingers: or broken with the fingers: or simply broken: or bruised, or brayed]; (T, S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ فَتُوتٌ. (M, K.) b2: And particularly, (Lth, T, S, M, A, Mgh, O, Msb,) and so ↓ فَتُوتٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, O,) Crumbled bread, (Lth, T, S, &c.,) like سَوِيق. (A, Mgh.) ↓ فَتِيتَةٌ has a more special signification than فَتِيتٌ, [being a n. un., meaning A mess of crumbled bread,] (Mgh, Msb,) and is said to be eaten by a woman in order that she may become fat. (Mgh.) b3: And فَتِيتٌ signifies also A thing that falls, (Lth, T, M,) and becomes crumbled, (Lth, T,) or breaks off. (M.) فَتِيتَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

بَيْنَهُمْ فَتَافِتُ Between them is secret speaking, [or between them are secret speakings, for فَتَافِتُ is app. pl. of the inf. n. فَتْفَتَةٌ used as a simple subst., (see R. Q. 1,)] not heard nor understood [by others]. (O, K.) مَفْتُوت: see فَتِيتٌ.

رق

1 رَقَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, * Msb, K,) inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, (JK, S, Mgh, K, * TA,) It (a thing, JK, S, Mgh, Msb, TA) had the quality termed دِقَّةٌ; (K, TA; [in the CK, الرَّقَّةُ is erroneously put for الدِّقَّةُ;]) [i. e.] it was, or became, the contr. of غَلِيظٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) and of ثَخِينٌ: (S, TA:) [or rather, properly, it is the contr. of ثَخُنَ; i. e. it was, or became, thin as meaning of little thickness in comparison with its breadth and length together; little in extent, or depth, between its two opposite surfaces: thin, fine, delicate, flimsy, unsubstantial, or uncompact, in texture &c.; said of a garment and the like: shallow, or of little depth; said of water, and of sand, &c.: thin as meaning wanting in spissitude; said of mud &c.: attenuated: see رِقَّةٌ, below; and رَقِيقٌ:] and ↓ استرق [in like manner] signifies the contr. of استغلظ [and therefore contr. of غَلُظُ; for these last two verbs are syn.]. (S, K.) b2: [Hence,] رَقَّتْ عِظَامُهُ, [inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, or رَقَقٌ, or both, (and if so, the second Pers\. may be رَقَقْتَ and رَقِقْتَ, and the aor. ـِ and يَرَقُّ,) (assumed tropical:) His bones became weak; or became thin, and consequently (assumed tropical:) weak; meaning] (assumed tropical:) he became aged: (JK:) or it is said of one who has become aged. (TA. [See رِقَّةٌ and رَقَقٌ below; and see also رَقِيقٌ.]) b3: And رَقَّ, [inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, weak: and abject, mean, paltry, or contemptible: see رَقِيقٌ: and see also 4:] his patience, or endurance, became weak, or weakened: (TA:) he was, or became, weak-hearted, and fearful; as also رَقَّ قَلْبُهُ: (Mgh:) and affected with shame, shyness, or bashfulness. (K, TA.) b4: And رَقَّ لَهُ, (Mgh, K, *) first Pers\. رَقَقْتُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. رِقَّةٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, [tender-hearted, (see رَقِيقٌ and أَرَقُّ,)] merciful, compassionate, or pitiful, to him; (Mgh, K;) as also رَقَّ لَهُ قَلْبُهُ: (TA:) and لَهُ ↓ ترقّق signifies the same as رَقّ لَهُ قَلْبُهُ. (S, K.) b5: [And رَقَّ كَلَامُهُ (assumed tropical:) His speech was, or became, soft or tender, or easy and sweet, or elegant, graceful, or ornate: see رَقِيقٌ, and see also 2. b6: And رَقّ صَوْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) His voice was, or became, slender, or soft, or gentle. b7: And رَقَّتْ حَالُهُ (assumed tropical:) His state, or condition, was, or became, narrow in its circumstances, or evil: see رِقَّةٌ, below, and 4; and see also 4 in art. خف. b8: And رَقَّ عَيْشُهُ (assumed tropical:) His living, or sustenance, was, or became, scanty.] b9: And رَقَّ عَدَدُهُ (tropical:) His years that he numbered were for the most part passed, so that the remainder was little (رَقِيق) in his estimation. (IAar, TA.) A2: رَقَّ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. رِقٌّ, (S, * Mgh, Msb, K,) He was, or became, a slave; (S, * Mgh, Msb, K; *) or he remained a slave. (Mgh.) A3: رَقَّهُ and ↓ ارقّهُ He made him a slave: (Msb:) or ↓ the latter signifies he kept him as a slave; (Mgh;) contr. of أَعْتَقَةُ; (S, Mgh;) as also ↓ استرقّهُ: (S:) or ↓ the second and ↓ third, he possessed him as a slave; (K;) and so رَقَّهُ; accord. to ISk and Az and others: (TA:) or ↓ استرقّهُ signifies he made him, or took him as, a slave; (Mgh;) or he brought him into a state of slavery. (TA.) 2 رقّقهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَرْقِيقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ارقّهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِرْقَاقٌ; (TA;) contr. of غَلَّظَهُ; (K;) or He made it, or rendered it, رَقِيق [i. e. thin, as meaning of little thickness in comparison with its breadth and length together; &c.: see 1, first sentence; and رَقِيقٌ, below]. (S, TA.) b2: [Hence,] تَرْقِيقُ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) The making speech to be [soft or tender, or easy and sweet, or] elegant, graceful, or ornate; the beautifying, or embellishing, and adorning, of speech. (S, TA.) and hence, (TA,) it is said in a prov., (S,) أَعَنْ صَبُوحٍ

تُرَقِّقُ (S, K, TA) (tropical:) Dost thou allude (K, TA) gracefully, courteously, politely, or delicately, (TA,) to a morning-draught? (K, TA:) [the origin of which prov. was this:] a certain man named Jábán alighted by night at the abode of a people, and they entertained him, and gave him an evening-draught; and when he had finished it, he said, “When ye shall have given me a morning draught, how shall I enter upon my way and prosecute the object of my want? ” whereupon the saying above was addressed to him: (K, * TA:) it is applied to him who makes an allusion to a thing, like this guest, who desired to oblige the people to give him the morning draught: and was said by Esh-Shaabee to one who spoke of kissing a woman when meaning thereby جِمَاع. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] رقّق صَوْتَهُ (K in art. حزن) or ↓ ارقهُ (S in that art.) (assumed tropical:) [He made his voice slender, or soft, or gentle]. b4: تَرْقِيقٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) [The pronouncing a word with the slender sound of the lengthened fet-h (like the sound of “ a” in our word “father ”), and with the ordinary sound of the letter ل; both as in بِاللّٰهِ and للّٰهِ;] the contr. of تَفْخِيمٌ. (Kull p. 127.) b5: رقّق المَشْىَ, said of a camel, (K, TA,) (tropical:) He went an easy pace: and ↓ ترقّق, alone, signifies the same. (TA.) [See also R. Q. 2.] b6: رقّق بَيْنَ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) He created, or excited, disorder, disturbance, disagreement, or dissension, or he made, or did, mischief, between, or among, the people. (TA.) 4 ارقّ, said of the white grape, (AHn, O, K,) It was, or became, thin in its skin and abundant in its juice: (AHn, TA:) or completely ripe. (O, K.) b2: Said of a man, (tropical:) He was, or became, in a state, or condition, narrow in its circumstances, or evil; i. q. صَارَ رَقِيقَ الحَالِ, (JK,) or سَآءَتْ حَالُهُ. (K, TA.) b3: أَرَقَّتْ بِهِمْ أَخْلَاقُهُمْ (tropical:) Their natural dispositions were, or became, niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious. (TA.) A2: ارقهُ: see 2, in two places. b2: See also 1, last sentence, in three places.5 تَرَقَّّ see 1: b2: and see also 2.

A2: تَرَقَّقَتْهُ She (a girl) captivated his heart so that his patience, or endurance, became weak, or weakened. (TA.) 6 لَا تَدْرِى عَلَى مَا يَتَرَاقُّ هَرِمُكَ (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest not what thing thou wilt choose: (JK:) or to what state, or condition, thy mind will come at the last. (TA.) The origin of the word (يتراقّ) is unknown. (JK.) [See also art. هرم.]10 إِسْتَرْقَ3َ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] استرقّ المَآءُ The water [became shallow: and hence,] (tropical:) sank into, or disappeared in, the earth, except a little. (K, TA.) b3: And استرقّ اللَّيْلُ (assumed tropical:) The night for the most part passed. (TA.) A2: استرقّهُ: see 1, last sentence, in three places. R. Q. 1 رَقْرَقَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. رَقْرَقَةٌ, (TK,) He poured it forth in small quantity; namely, water &c.: (K:) or he made it to come and go; namely, water. (S.) b2: رقرق الثَّرِيدَ بِالسَّمْنِ He poured a little clarified butter upon the broken bread; (K, TA;) i. e. made it savoury therewith: or, as some say, poured much thereof upon it. (TA.) b3: رقرق الثَّوْبَ بِالطِّيبِ He made the perfume to run [to and fro (as is implied in the S)] upon the garment: (TA:) [or he poured and rubbed the perfume upon the garment.] El-Aashà says, وَتَبْرُدُ بَرْدَ رِدَآءِ العَرُوسِ فِى الصَّيْفِ رَقْرَقْتَ فِيهِ العَبِيرَا [And she is cool, with the coolness of the وِشَاح (see رِدَآء) of the bride, in summer, upon which thou hast poured and rubbed perfume mixed with saffron &c.]. (S, TA: in the latter, بِالصَّيْفِ.) b4: رقرق الخَمْرَ He mixed the wine. (TA.) b5: رقرق عَيْنَهُ He made his eye to shed tears. (TA.) b6: It is said in a trad., تَجِىْءُ فِتْنَةٌ فَتُرَقْرِقُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا, meaning [Sedition, or the like, will come, and] one act thereof will cause desire for another by its embellishment thereof, or investing it with charms. (TA.) b7: [See also رَقْرَقَةٌ, below.] R. Q. 2 تَرَقْرَقَ It (water, &c.,) poured forth in small quantity. (TA.) b2: He, or it, ran in an easy manner. (TA.) [See also 2, last sentence but one.] b3: It (water, S, TA) was, or became, in a state of motion, or commotion; (K, TA;) in which sense, [meaning it flickered,] it is [also] said of the سَرَاب [or mirage]; (O, K; [see also another explanation below;]) [it went to and fro;] it came and went. (S, K, TA.) And in like manner, (S,) ترقرق الدَّمْعُ The tears went round about at the inner edge of the eyelid-(S, K.) And ترقرقت الشَّمْسُ The sun appeared as though it were turning round (A'Obeyd, K, TA) and coming and going, by reason of its nearness to the horizon, and of vapours intervening between it and the eyes; which it does not when it is high. (A'Obeyd, TA.) b4: It (a thing) shone, or glistened; (JK, S, K;) as does the سَرَاب [or mirage]. (JK.) b5: ترقرقت عَيْنُهُ His eye shed tears. (TA.) رَقٌّ: see رَقِيقٌ; and رُقٌّ.

A2: Also, (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ رِقٌّ, (Msb, K,) but the latter is a rare dial. var. though some read thus in the Kur lii. 3, (Msb,) [Parchment; and vellum; so in the present day; or] skin, (Mgh, Msb,) or thin skin, (S, K,) upon which one writes: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or (so accord. to the Mgh, but in the K “ and ”) a white [i. e. blank] صَحِيفَة [which means a paper and a piece of skin, but generally such as is written upon]: (JK, Mgh, K:) or metaphorically applied to (tropical:) a skin written upon: properly one upon which one writes: (Bd in lii. 3:) accord. to Fr, (assumed tropical:) the صَحَائِف [i. e. papers, or pieces of skin, meaning records,] that will be produced to the sons of Adam on the day of resurrection; which indicates that such as is written is also thus termed: (Az, TA:) in the Kur lii. 3, [accord. to some,] applied to (assumed tropical:) the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: or the Kur-án. (Jel.) A3: Also, (K,) or the former word [only], (JK, S, Msb,) The tortoise: (JK:) or a great tortoise: (S, K:) or the male tortoise: (Msb:) and the crocodile: (JK:) or, (K,) accord. to Ibráheem El-Harbee, (TA,) a certain aquatic reptile, (K, TA,) [app. the turtle, or sea-tortoise,] having four legs, and claws, or nails, and teeth in a head which it exposes and conceals, and which is killed for food: (TA:) pl. رُقُوقٌ. (A'Obeyd, JK, S, Msb, K.) رُقٌّ Shallow, applied to water; or shallow water; (↓ مَآءٌ رَقِيقٌ; IDrd, K, TA;) not copious, or not abundant; (IDrd, TA;) in a sea, or great river, or in a valley; (IDrd, K, TA;) as also ↓ رَقٌّ; (K;) and so ↓ رُقَارِقٌ. (IDrd, K.) b2: See also رَقَاقٌ.

رِقٌّ: see رَقٌّ. [It is indicated in the K that it is syn. with the latter word in all of its (the latter's) senses: but I do not find it to be so in any other lexicon.] b2: A thin thing. (S. [There expl. as signifying شَىْءٌ رَقِيقٌ; but perhaps by this may be meant that it is an epithet syn. with رَقِيقٌ, as it is said to be in the K.]) See رَقِيقٌ. b3: The leaves of trees: or the branches that are easy for the cattle [to eat]. (K.) b4: And A certain thorny plant. (K.) b5: See also رَقَاقٌ.

A2: Also The state, or condition, of a slave; slavery; servitude; (JK, S, Msb, K;) and so ↓ رِقِّيَّةٌ. (KL.) رَقَّةٌ Any land by the side of a valley, over which the water spreads in the days of the increase, and into which it then sinks, or disappears, (S, K,) and which therefore produces good herbage: (S:) pl. رِقَاقٌ. (K.) b2: See also رَقَاقٌ.

رِقَّةٌ [an inf. n. of رَقَّ in several senses, as shown above, in the first paragraph of this art.]: it is explained in the K as syn. with دِقَّةٌ: [see 1, first sentence:] but El-Munáwee says, in the “ Tow-keef,” that the former is like the latter [as meaning Thinness], but that the latter is said with regard to the lateral parts of a thing, and the former with regard to the depth of a thing [or the extent between the two opposite surfaces thereof]: thus, in a material substance, such, for instance, as a garment, or piece of cloth, [&c.,] it is [thinness as meaning little thickness in comparison with the breadth and length together; littleness in extent, or depth, between the two opposite surfaces: fineness, delicateness, flimsiness, unsubstantialness, or uncompactness, in texture &c.:] the contr. of [ثَخَانَةٌ and] صَفَاقَةٌ: (TA:) [in water, and sand, &c., shallowness, or littleness of depth: (see رُقٌّ:) in mud, and anything imperfectly liquid, thinness as meaning want of spissitude: an attenuated state or condition of anything.] b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Weakness; (Mgh;) as in the phrase رِقَّةُ جَانِبٍ [weakness of resistance; similar to لِينُ جَانِبٍ; contr. of غِلَظُ جَانِبٍ]; (Ham p. 631;) [and in the phrase رِقَّةُ دِينٍ weakness of religion: (see رَقِيقٌ:) also abjectness, meanness, paltriness, or contemptibleness: and weak-heartedness, and fearfulness: (see 1:)] and shame, shyness, or bashfulness. (K.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) [Tender-heartedness, (see رَقِيقٌ and أَرَقُّ,)] mercy, compassion, or pity; (K;) and so رِقَّةُ قَلْبٍ: (TA in art. حن:) in the soul, it is the contr. of جَفْوَةٌ and قَسْوَةٌ. (ElMunáwee, TA.) b4: [And (assumed tropical:) Softness or tenderness, or easiness and sweetness, or elegance, gracefulness, or ornateness, of speech: see رَقِيقٌ, and see also 2. b5: And (assumed tropical:) Slenderness, softness, or gentleness, of voice.] b6: And (assumed tropical:) Evilness [or narrowness of the circumstances] of state or condition: so in the saying, عَجِبْتُ مِنْ قِلَّةِ مَالِهِ وَرِقَّةِ حَالِهِ (assumed tropical:) [I wondered at the paucity of his property, and the evilness, or the narrowness of the circumstances, of his state or condition]. (TA.) b7: [And (assumed tropical:) Scantiness of living or sustenance &c.] b8: And رِقَّةُ بَطْنٍ (assumed tropical:) [A looseness, or diarrhœa]. (TA in art. خلف.) رَقَقٌ, an inf. n., (KL, [see 1,]) [Thinness, and consequently] (tropical:) weakness (JK, S, K, KL, TA) of the bones, (JK,) or in the bones, (TA,) or of the bone, (KL,) or as in the bone, (S,) and in a camel's foot: (TA:) [and] lightness in a horse's hoof. (AO, TA.) b2: (tropical:) Paucity: thus in the saying, فِى مَالِهِ رَقَقٌ (tropical:) [In his property is paucity]: (JK, S, K, TA:) mentioned by Fr, (S,) or by A'Obeyd thus, but the saying mentioned by Fr is مَا فِى مَالِهِ رَقّقٌ (tropical:) There is not in his property paucity. (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Scantiness (رِقَّة) of food. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

رَقَاقٌ A [desert tract such as is called] صَحْرَآء: (K:) or a wide, or spacious, صحرآء, of soft soil, beneath which is hardness: (TA:) or a level, (S, K, TA,) expanded, (TA,) tract of land, of soft soil, beneath which is hardness: (S, K, TA:) or a tract from which the water has sunk into the ground; as also ↓ رُقَاقٌ and ↓ رَقَّةٌ [q. v.]: or a soft and wide tract of land; (K, TA;) accord. to As, without sand; (TA;) as also ↓ رِقٌّ and ↓ رُقٌّ and ↓ رَقَقٌ; (K;) the last of which is a contraction of رَقَاقٌ, used by Ru-beh, (S, TA,) by poetic license. (TA.) A2: يَوْمٌ رَقَاقٌ A hot day. (Fr, K.) [See also رَقْرَاقٌ.]

رُقَاقٌ: see رَقِيقٌ. b2: Also, (JK, S, K,) as a subst., (Th, S,) or خُبْزٌ رُقَاقٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) Thin bread, (↓ خُبْزٌ رَقِيقٌ, JK, S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) such as is [flat, or flattened, or] expanded: (TA:) n. un. رُقَاقَةٌ, (Mgh, * Msb, K,) meaning a single thin, round cake of bread: (Mgh:) one should not say رِقَاقَةٌ, with kesr: (K:) the pl. of رُقَاقٌ accord. to the K is رِقَاقٌ; but this is pl. of رَقِيقٌ, like as كِرَامٌ is pl. of كَرِيمٌ. (TA.) [See also مُرَقَّقٌ.] b3: مَشَى مَشْيًا رُقَاقًا, said of a camel, means رَقَّقَ المَشْىَ, (K, TA,) i. e. (tropical:) He went an easy pace. (TA.) b4: See also رَقَاقٌ.

رَقِيقٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) fem. with ة, (TA,) Having the quality termed دِقَّةٌ; (K, TA; [see 1, first sentence, respecting a mistranscription in the CK;]) as also ↓ رُقَاقٌ, (K,) of which the fem. is likewise with ة; (TA;) and ↓ رُقَّاقٌ, (K,) like رُمَّانٌ; (TA;) [i. e.] contr. of غَلِيظٌ; (S, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ رَقٌّ (K, TA) and ↓ رِقٌّ: (K:) and contr. of ثَخِينٌ: (S, TA:) [or rather this last is the proper explanation of رَقِيقٌ, as well as of all the other epithets above mentioned; (see رِقَّةٌ;) i. e. thin as meaning having little thickness in comparison with its breadth and length together; having little extent, or depth, between its two opposite surfaces:] applied to bread that is [flat, flattened, or] expanded; such as is termed رُقَاقٌ, q. v.: (TA:) and to a garment, or piece of cloth, (Mgh, El-Munáwee, TA,) and the like, as meaning thin, fine, delicate, flimsy, unsubstantial, or uncompact, in texture &c.; contr. of صَفِيقٌ; (El-Munáwee, TA;) as also ↓ رُقَارِقٌ: (TA:) and to water [as meaning shallow, or of little depth; and in like manner to sand]: see رُقٌّ: (IDrd, K, TA:) [thin as meaning wanting in spissitude; applied to mud &c.: attenuated:] pl. رِقَاقٌ (TA) and أَرِقَّةٌ. (JK.) [Hence,] الرَّقِيقَانِ The part between the خَاصِرَة [or flank] and the رُفْغ [or groin, on either side]: (AA, K:) and the pl. الأَرقَّةُ the thin parts at the flanks of she-camels. (JK.) Also, the dual, الرقيقان, The حِضْنَانِ [or part between the armpit and the flank, on either side]. (K, TA. [In the CK الخُصْيانِ, q. v.]) And [The two veins called] the أَخْدَعَانِ [q. v.]. (K.) And, of the nose, The two sides: (K:) so says As: or the رَقِيق of the nose is the thin and soft part of the side. (TA.) b2: [Also Thin, or attenuated, and consequently (assumed tropical:) weak, in the bones: see رَقَقٌ.] You say نَاقَةٌ رَقِيقَةٌ meaning (assumed tropical:) A she-camel whose marrow-bones have become weak and thin (ضَعُفَتْ وَرَقَّتْ), and whose medullary canal is wide: pl. رِقَاقٌ and رَقَائِقُ. (IAar, TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Weak: and abject, mean, paltry, or contemptible: applied to a man [&c.]. (TA.) And goats are called مَالٌ رَقِيقٌ [Weak cattle] because they have not the endurance of sheep. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) Weak-hearted. (Mgh.) And رَقِيقُ القَلْبِ (assumed tropical:) Soft, or tender, of heart; contr. of قَاسِى القَلْبِ. (El-Munáwee, TA.) b5: [(assumed tropical:) Soft or tender, or easy and sweet, or elegant, graceful, or ornate, speech or language.] رَقِيقُ اللَّفْظِ means [(assumed tropical:) Soft or tender, &c., of expression; applied to a man: and also soft or tender or] easy and sweet expression. (Har p. 8.) b6: [(assumed tropical:) Slender, or soft, or gentle, applied to the voice.] b7: رَجُلٌ رَقِيقُ الحَوَاشِى (assumed tropical:) A man gentle, gracious, or courteous, to his associates. (TA in art. حشى.) And عَيْشٌ رَقِيقُ الحَوَاشِى (tropical:) A soft or delicate, pleasant, or plentiful and easy, life. (TA.) b8: [عَيْشٌ رَقِيقٌ may sometimes mean the same: but it commonly means (assumed tropical:) Scanty living or sustenance.] b9: And فُلَانٌ رَقِيقُ الدِّينِ وَالحَالِ (tropical:) [Such a one is weak in respect of religion, and narrow in the circumstances of, or evil in, his state or condition: see رِقَّةٌ]. (TA.) A2: Also A slave, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) male and female; (Msb;) [but] the latter is [also] called رَقِيقَةٌ: (Lh, JK, TA:) and slaves; for it is used as sing. and pl.; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) like رَفِيقٌ and خَلِيطٌ: (TA:) accord. to Abu-l-'Abbás, so called because they are abject and submissive to their owner: (TA:) the pl. of رَقِيقٌ is أَرِقَّآءُ, (Msb, TA,) erroneously said in the K to be رِقَاقٌ; (TA;) and that of رَقِيقَةٌ is رَقَائِقُ. (Lh, TA.) Using it as pl., you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ رَقِيقِى [These are my slaves]. (Mgh.) And لَيْسَ فِى الرَّقِيقِ صَدَقَةٌ, i. e. [There is no poorrate] in the case of slaves used for service [as distinguished from those that are for sale]. (Msb.) [See also مُرَقٌّ.]

رُقَّى [fem. of أَرَقُّ, q. v.].

رُقَّاقٌ: see رَقِيقٌ, first sentence.

رِقِّيَّةٌ: see رِقٌّ last sentence.

رَقْرَقَةٌ inf. n. of R. Q. 1. (TK.) b2: Quickness in going and coming. (JK. [If an inf. n. in this sense, its verb is perhaps رُقْرِقَ.]) رَقْرَاقٌ: see رُقَارِقٌ. b2: Also, applied to a collection of clouds (سَحَابٌ), Going and coming. (TA.) See also the next paragraph. b3: Applied to tears (دَمْعٌ), Going round about at the inner edge of the eyelid. (TA.) b4: Anything shining, or glistening. (S, TA.) [Hence,] رَقْرَاقَةٌ A woman (As, TA) as though water were running upon her face: (As, K, TA:) or رَقْرَاقَةُ البَشَرَةِ a girl whose external skin shines, or glistens, (Ham p. 622, and TA,) with whiteness: (TA:) pl. رَقَارِقُ, applied to soft, or tender, young women. (Ham ubi suprà.) [Hence also,] الرَّقْرَاقُ is The name of a sword of Saad Ibn-'Obádeh El-Ansáree. (K.) b5: Applied to a day, i. q. صَارٌّ [app. a mistranscription for حَارٌّ, i. e. Hot; like رَقَاقٌ; as though shining, or glistening, with the sunlight]. (Fr, TA.) A2: The تَرَقْرُق [or commotion, or moving to and fro, or coming and going, whether real or apparent,] of the سَرَاب [or mirage], and of anything that shines, or glistens. (JK.) رُقْرُقَانُ السَّرَابِ What is in a state of commotion, of the سراب [or mirage]: (IDrd, O, K:) and السَّرَابِ ↓ رَقْرَاقُ means [the same, or] what [moves to and fro, or undulates, or] comes and goes, of the سراب. (S.) And سَرَابٌ رُقْرُقَانٌ [Mirage] that shines, or glistens. (TA.) رُقَارِقٌ: see رَقِيقٌ, first sentence: and رُقٌّ. Also, applied to the سَرَاب [or mirage], (so in the CK,) or شَرَاب [i. e. wine or beverage], (so in copies of the K and in the O and TA,) [the former of which readings I think the more probably that which is correct, supposing the mirage to be likened to shallow water, which is thus termed, but Freytag prefers the latter reading,] i. q. رَقِقُ [app. as meaning Shallow, or perhaps thin]; (IDrd, O, K;) and so ↓ رَقْرَاقٌ. (IDrd, O.) b2: and A sword having much مَآء [q. v.; i. e. much diversified with wavy marks, streaks, or grain; or having much lustre]: (IDrd, K, TA:) or shining, or glistening, much. (TA.) أَرَقُّ [compar. and superl. of رَقِيقٌ; i. e. More, and most, thin, &c.]. رُقَّى, [its fem.,] applied to a piece of fat (شَحْمَةٌ), means مِنْ أَرَقِّ الشَّحْمِ; [i. e. Of the finest, or most delicate, sort of fat; (in the CK, erroneously, مِنْ أَرَقَّ الشَّحْمُ;)] (JK, K, TA;) such that no one comes upon it without his eating it. (JK, TA.) Hence the prov., وَجَدْتَنِى الشَّحْمَةَ الرُّقَّى عَلَيْهَا المَأْتَى [Thou hast found me to be the finest, or most delicate, piece of fat, to which there is a way of access]: said by a man to his companion when he esteems him weak. (JK, Sgh, K.) [See also شَحْمُهُ الرُّكَّى, or شَحْمَةُ الرُّكَّى, in art. رك.] b2: هُمْ أَرَقُّ قُلُوبًا (assumed tropical:) They are more, or most, tender-hearted; and more, or most, inclined to accept admonition. (TA.) مَرَقٌّ sing. of مَرَاقُّ, (Hr, K,) which signifies The thin, or delicate, and soft, or tender, parts of the belly: (S, K:) or the lower part thereof with what surrounds it, that is thin or delicate [in the skin]: (TA as from the S [but not in my copies of the latter]:) or the lower part of the belly, in the region of the صِفَاق [q. v.], beneath the navel: (T, TA:) and metonymically applied in a trad. respecting ablution to the lower part of the belly of a man, together with the رُفْغَانِ [or groins] and the genitals and the [other] places of which the skin is thin or delicate: and, of a camel, the أَرْفَاغ [or groins, and similar places of flexure or creasing]: (TA:) or (K) مَرَاقُّ [thus applied] has no sing. (S, K.) Also The soft part of the nose, (JK, TA,) in the side thereof; [i. e. each of the alæ thereof;] as also ↓ مُسْتَرَقٌّ: (TA:) pl. as above. (JK.) مُرَقٌّ and ↓ مَرْقُوقٌ, mentioned by ISk, (Msb, TA,) and by Az, and in the 'Ináyeh, therefore the disallowing of the latter by some is not to be regarded, (TA,) or the latter is for مَرْقُوقٌ لَهُ meaning “ compassionated,” (Mgh,) Made a slave: (Msb:) or possessed as a slave: (TA:) [or kept as a slave: (see 1, last sentence:)] fem. of the former with ة, (Msb, TA,) and so of the latter. (Msb.) [See also رَقِيقٌ, last signification.]

مُرِقٌّ A horse thin in the hoof: (K:) or light therein. (AO, TA.) مُرَقَّقٌ A cake of bread [made thin and] wide, or broad. (TA.) [See also رُقَاقٌ.]

مِرْقَاقٌ A baker's rolling-pin; (MA;) the thing with which bread is made thin [and flat]; (K;) i. q. مِحْوَرٌ [q. v.] and صَوْبَجٌ. (TA, in art. لط.) مَرْقُوقٌ: see مُرَقٌّ.

مَالٌ مُتَرَقْرقٌ لِلسِّمَنِ, or لِلْهُزَالِ, (K, TA,) and لِأَنْ يَرْمِدَ, (TA,) Cattle disposed, (K, TA,) and seen to be near, (TA,) to fatness, or to leanness, (K, TA,) and to perishing. (TA.) مُسْتَرَقٌّ: see مَرَقٌّ.