ظرف
1 ظَرُفَ, (
T,
S,
M, &c.,)
inf. n. ظَرَافَةٌ, (
S,
Msb,) or ظَرْفٌ and ظَرَافَةٌ, (
T,
M,
Mgh, *
O,
K,) but the latter is rare, (
K,) allowable in poetry, (
T,
M,) or, as some say, is of frequent occurrence, and confirmed by
analogy, (
MF,
TA,) said of a man, (
S,
O,) [or only of a young man, and ظَرُفَت of a young woman,] He possessed the quality, or qualities, termed ظَرْف meaning as
expl. below [i. e. excellence, or elegance, in mind, manners, and address or speech; and in person, countenance, or garb, guise, or external appearance; or all of these qualities combined: he was, or became, clever, ingenious, intelligent, or acute in intellect; well-mannered, well-bred, accomplished, or polite; beautiful in person or countenance; elegant, or graceful; or elegant in garb, guise, or external appearance]. (
T,
S,
O,
Msb,
K.)
A2: See also what here follows.
3 ظَاْرَفَ ↓ ظَارَفَنِى فَظَرَفْتُهُ [He vied, or contended, with me in ظَرْف] and I was more ظَرِيف (كُنْتُ
↓ أَظْرَفَ) than he. (
IKtt,
TA.) 4 اظرف He (a man) had many [ظُرُوف, or] receptacles [of any kind]. (
TA.)
b2: And He begat, (
S,
Mgh,
O,
K,) or had born to him, (
M,) children that were ظُرَفَآء (
S,
M,
O,
K) or ظِرَاف [pls. of ظَرِيف,
q. v.].
Mgh.)
b3: اظرف بِالرَّجُلِ He mentioned the man as possessing ظَرْف. (
M,
TA.)
b4: And اظرف فِى العِبَارَةِ is explainable [as meaning He was elegant, or eloquent, in the expression, or phrase, or speech], if the saying be received from those who are trustworthy: if not, it is correctly أَطْرَفَ, with the unpointed ط; meaning “ he said what was novel and pleasing. ” (
Mgh.)
A2: اظرف المَتَاعَ, (
O,) in the
K, erroneously, فُلَانًا, (
TA,) He put, or assigned, or made, a ظَرْف [or receptacle] for the goods. (
O,
TA.) 5 تظرّف He affected ظَرْف; (
S,
O,
K;) as also ↓
تظارف. (
TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ يَتَظَرَّفُ وَلَيْسَ بِظَرِيفٍ [Such a one affects ظَرْف and he is not ظَرِيف]. (
TA.) 6
تَظَاْرَفَ see the next preceding paragraph.
10 استظرفهُ He found him [or held him] to be ظَرِيف. (
O, *
TA.) ظَرْفٌ A receptacle (
Lth,
T,
S,
M,
Mgh,
O,
Msb,
K) of anything; (
Lth,
T,
M;) [a vessel, or vase;] an إِبْرِيق is thus termed as being a ظرف for what is in it: (
Lth,
T,
TA:) and
AHn applies it to a seed-vessel, or pericarp, or a cell of a pericarp: (
M,
TA:) [and it is also applied to a case, or cover, for a book or the like:] the
pl. is ظُرُوفٌ: (
T,
S, *
M,
Mgh,
O,
Msb,
K:) أَظْرَافٌ is a mistake. (
Mgh.) [Applying it to a vessel of silver,]
Har uses it as meaning “ silver. ” (P.
614 [referring to a phrase in p. 213].) One says, أَخَذْتُ المَتَاعَ بِظَرْفِهِ [I took the goods with the receptacle thereof]. (
A,
TA.) And hence, (
A,
TA,) رَأَيْتُهُ بِظَرْفِهِ (
tropical:) I saw him himself. (
A,
O,
K,
TA.) And هُوَ نَقِىُّ الظَّرْفِ (
tropical:) He is faithful, (
O,
K,
TA,) not treacherous. (
M,
O,
K,
TA.)
b2: And hence (assumed
tropical:) [An adverbial noun of place or of time, implying the meaning of the preposition فى; and also by some applied to a noun of place or of time together with that preposition; i. e.] what are termed ظَرْفُ المَكَانِ and الزَّمَانِ, (
O,)
pl. ظُرُوفُ الزَّمَانِ and المَكَانِ: (
S,
M: *) the descriptive terms that denote the places [or times] of things are called ظُرُوفٌ: (
Lth,
T:) they are thus termed by
Kh; and by
Ks, مَحَالُّ; and by
Fr, صِفَاتٌ. (
T.)
b3: Also [Excellence, or elegance, in mind, manners, and address or speech; and in person, countenance, or garb, guise, or external appearance; or all of these qualities combined:] a term denoting a condition that combines the generality of mental and bodily and extrinsic excellences; likened [by reason of its comprehensiveness] to the receptacle thus called: (
Er-Rághib,
TA:) or cleverness, ingeniousness, intelligence, or acuteness in intellect;
syn. كِيَاسَةٌ, (
S,
O,
K,) or كَيْسٌ, (
Mgh,
Msb,) and ذَكَآءٌ: (
Mgh:) or
i. q. بَرَاعَةٌ, and ذَكَآءُ قَلْبٍ; [the former meaning excellence in knowledge, or other qualities; or accomplishment, or perfection, in every excellence, and in goodliness;] ('Eyn,
M,
O,
Msb,
K; *) thus
accord. to most of the copies of the
K [as well as the 'Eyn and
M and O and
Msb], but correctly بَزَاعَة, with the letter زاى: (
TA:) [if so, these two explanations (بَزَاعَةٌ and ذَكَآءُ قَلْبٍ) add nothing to others here given:] or skilfulness (
M,
K,
TA) in a thing (
M,
TA) is thus termed by the people of El-Yemen: (
TA:) or it is in the tongue, (
IAar,
T,
K,) only; (
K;) meaning beauty of expression, (
M,
L,
TA,) and eloquence; (
L,
TA;) and حَلَاوَةٌ is in the eyes, and مَلَاحَةٌ is in the mouth, and جَمَالٌ is in the nose: (
IAar,
T:) or beauty of garb, guise, or external appearance: (
M:) or beauty of face, and of garb, guise, or external appearance: (
O,
K:) or it is in the face and in the tongue: (
Ks,
O,
K:) or goodliness, or beauty; and أَدَب [as having the meaning first assigned to ظَرْفٌ in this sentence, i. e. excellence, or elegance, in mind, manners, or address or speech; or as meaning good breeding, good manners, politeness, or polite accomplishments]: (
Msb:) or, as an
inf. n., the being elegant, graceful, or beautiful: and the being intelligent, sagacious, or acute in intellect: (
KL:)
accord. to the author of the 'Eyn, (
O,) it is only an
attribute of young men and young women (
M,
O,
Msb, *
K) that are acute in intellect, clever, or skilful; (
M,
O,
K;) not of elders, nor of lords, or chiefs: (
M,
K:) but as meaning كِيْسٌ, it is common to young persons and elders: (
Msb:) some of those who affect distinctness of speech by twisting the sides of the mouth say that the word is ↓ ظُرْفٌ, with damm, to distinguish it from ظَرْفٌ meaning “ a receptacle; ” but this is a sheer mistake. (
MF,
TA.) ظُرْفٌ: see what immediately precedes.
ظَرْفِيَّةٌ, a term of grammar, The quality of denoting place, or time, adverbially, by a noun implying the meaning of the preposition فِى; and also,
accord. to some, by a noun together with that preposition. One says مَنْصُوبٌ عَلَى الظَّرْفِيَّةِ, meaning Put in the accusative case as denoting place, or time, adverbially.]
ظُرَافٌ: see ظَرِيفٌ, near the beginning and near the end.
ظَرُوفٌ perhaps signifies Possessing the quality, or qualities, termed ظَرْف, in a great, or an extraordinary degree: used alike as
masc. and
fem.: for I find it stated that] one says قَيْنَةٌ ظَرُوفٌ [A female slave, or slave-songstress, that is very intelligent or skilful or elegant &c.]. (
TA. [But I think it most probable that this is a mistranscripfor قِتْيَةٌ ظُرُوفٌ, a phrase which I find in the
T, and there
expl. as meaning ظُرَفَآءُ.]) ظَرِيفٌ Possessing the quality, or qualities, termed ظَرْف; (
T,
S,
M,
O,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓ ظُرَافٌ, (
Lh,
M,
O,
K,) the two being like طَوِيلٌ and طُوَالٌ, (
O,) [or the latter has an intensive signification, (see طُوَالٌ, and see also the “ Durrat el-Ghowwás,” in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 48 of the Ar. text,)] and ↓ ظُرَّافٌ, (
M,
K,) or this last, which is like طُوَّالٌ, denotes more than ظُرَافٌ without teshdeed: (
O:)
accord. to
Mbr, it is derived from ظَرْف signifying “ a receptacle,” as though meaning a receptacle for excellence, or elegance, in mind, manners, or address or speech: (
TA:) [it may be rendered, agreeably with explanations of ظَرْفٌ, excellent, or elegant, in mind, manners, and address or speech; and in person, countenance or garb, guise, or external appearance: or clever, ingenious, intelligent, or acute in intellect; well-mannered, well-bred, accomplished, or polite; beautiful in person or countenance; elegant, or graceful; &c.:] and is
expl. as meaning eloquent; thus by
As and
IAar: and possessing knowledge and courage: and goodly, or beautiful, in clothing, and in outer apparel: (
TA:) and is used by the people of El-Yemen as meaning skilful: (
O:) and, as
Ks says, it is applied as an
epithet to a tongue, and to a face: (
TA:) the
pl. of ظَرِيفٌ is ظِرَافٌ (
S,
M,
O,
Msb,
K) and ظُرَفَآءُ (
T,
S,
O,
Msb,
K) and ظَرِيفُونَ (
O,
K) and ظُرُفٌ, (
S,
M,
IB,
K,) a form sometimes used, (
IB,
TA,) and ظُرُوفٌ, (
T,
S,
M,
O,
K,) also a form sometimes used, (
S,
O,) approvable in poetry, (
T,) as though formed from ظَرْفٌ, or [
anomalous] like مَذَاكِيرُ (
S,
O,
K)
accord. to
Kh (
S, O) and
Sb: (
TA:) the
pl. of ↓ ظُرَافٌ is ظُرَفَآءُ: (
Lh,
M,
K:) and the
pl. of ↓ ظُرَّافٌ is ظُرَّافُونَ: (
M,
K:) the
fem. of ظَرِيفٌ is ظَرِيفَةٌ; and the
pl. of this is ظِرَافٌ, (
Sb,
T,
M,
Msb,
TA,) like a
pl. of the
masc., (
Sb,
M,
TA,) and ظَرَائِفُ. (
T,
M,
TA.) It is said in a
trad. of 'Omar, mentioned by
IAar, (
Mgh,
O,
TA,) and by
As, (
TA,) إِذَا كَانَ اللِّصُّ ظَرِيفًا لَا يُقْطَعُ, (
Mgh,) or لَمْ يُقْطَعْ, (
O,
TA,) meaning When the thief is eloquent (
Mgh,
O,
TA) and intelligent, (
Mgh,) he averts from himself the prescribed punishment by his pleading [so that he will not be, or is not, mutilated by amputation of the hand]. (
Mgh,
O,
TA.) ظَرِيفَةٌ, as a
subst., A thing, and a saying, that is ظَرِيف, meaning elegant, &c.:
pl. ظَرَائِفُ.]
ظُرَّافٌ: see ظَرِيفٌ, near the beginning and near the end.
ظَارِفٌ [is distinguished from ظَرِيفٌ like as شَارِفٌ is from شَرِيفٌ,
q. v.].
Lh mentions the saying اُظْرُفْ إِنْ كُنْتَ ظَارِفًا [Possess thou ظَرْف if thou be one who will possess it]: in meaning the actual state, they said إِنَّهُ لَظَرِيفٌ [Verily he is one who possesses ظَرْف]. (
M.) أَظْرَفُ: see 3.
Ks allows the saying, interrogatively, مَا أَظْرَفُ زَيْدٍ أَلِسَانُهُ أَظْرَفُ أَمٌ وَجْهُهُ [What is the part that is the more excellent in ظَرْف (or elegance, &c.), of Zeyd? is his tongue the more so, or his face?]. (
TA.) يَا مَظْرَفَانُ is an expression similar to يَا مَلْكَعَانُ [and مَكْذَبَانُ &c.; meaning O thou who possessest the quality, or qualities, of ظَرْف in a great, or an extraordinary degree]. (
A,
TA.)
