امن

1 أَمِنَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْنٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and أَمَنٌ (M, K) and أَمَنَةٌ (T, S, M, K) and إِمْنَةٌ (T) and أَمَانٌ (M, K) [and app. أَمَانَةٌ, for it is said in the S that this is syn. with أَمَانٌ,] and آمنٌ, an instance of an inf. n. of the measure فَاعِلٌ, which is strange, (MF,) or this is a subst. like فَالِجٌ, (M,) He was, or became, or felt, secure, safe, or in a state of security or safety; originally, he was, or became, quiet, or tranquil, in heart, or mind; (Msb;) he was, or became, secure, or free from fear; أَمْنٌ signifying the contr. of خَوْفٌ, (S, M, K,) and so أَمَنَةٌ (S) and آمِنٌ [&c.]: (M, K:) he was, or became, or felt, free from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, he was, or became, easy in mind, and free from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) [See أَمْنٌ, below.] You say also, يَإْمَنُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ [He is secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself]. (M.) And أَمِنَ البَلَدُ, meaning The inhabitants of the country or district, or town, were in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) The verb is trans. by itself, and by means of the particle مِنْ; as in أَمَنَ زَيْدٌ الأَسَدَ and أَمِنَ مِنَ الأَسَدِ, meaning Zeyd was, or became, or felt, secure from, safe from, [or free from fear of,] the lion. (Msb.) You say also, أَمِنَ كَذِبَ مَنْ

أَخْبَرَهُ [He was secure from, or free from fear of, the lying of him who informed him]. (M.) And لَا آنَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذلِكَ [I am not free from fear of its being so; I am not sure but that it may be so]. (Mgh in art. نبذ; and other lexicons passim.) And, of a strong-made she camel, أَمِنَتْ

أَنْ تَكُونَ ضَعَيفَةً [She was secure from, or free from fear of, being weak]: (M: [in a copy of the S أُمِنَتْ:]) and أَمِنَتِ العِثَارَ وَالإَعْيَآءٍ [ She was secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded]: (M:) and أُمِنَ عِثَارُهَا [Her stumbling was not feared]. (So in a copy of the S.) And, of a highly-prized camel, أُمِنَ أَنْ يُنْحَرَ [It was not feared that he would be slaughtered; or his being slaughtered was not feared]. (M.) [أَمنَهُ sometimes means He was, or became, free from fear, though having cause for fear, of him, or it. i. e. he thought himself secure, or safe, from him or it. (See Kur vii. 97.)] b2: أمِنَهُ (inf. n. أَمْنٌ TK) [and accord. to some copies of the K ↓ آمَنَهُ] and ↓ أمّنهُ (inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ K) and ↓ ائتمنهُ ([written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَنَهُ, and] also written اِتَّمَنَهُ, on the authority of Th, which is extr., like اِتَّهَلَ [&c.], M) and ↓ استأمنهُ all signify the same (M, K, TA) [He trusted, or confided, in him; (as also آمن بِهِ, q. v.;) he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge; he gave him charge over a thing or person: these meanings are vaguely indicated in the M and K and TA.]. You say, يَأْمَنُهُ النَّاسُ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ غَائِلَتَهُ [Men, or people, trust, or confide, in him, and do not fear his malevolence, or mischievousness]. (T, M.) and أَمِنَهُ عَلَى كَذَا (S, Mgh, * Msb *) and ↓ ائتمنهُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, Msb, K,) [He trusted, or confided, in him with respect to such a thing; he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge, over it; he gave him charge over it;] he made him, or took him as, أَمِين over such a thing. (Mgh.) Hence, in a trad., the مُؤَذِّن is said to be مُؤْتَمَنٌ; i. e. النَّاسُ عَلَ الأَوْقَاتِ الَّتِى يُؤَذَّنُ فِيهَا ↓ يَأْتَمِنُهُ [Men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer], and know, by his calling to prayer, what they are commanded to do, as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [xii. 11], مَا لَكَ لَا تَأْمَنُنَا عَلَى يُوسُفَ and [تَأْمَنَّا] with idghám [i. e. What aileth thee that thou dost not trust, or confide, in us with respect to Joseph? or, that thou dost not give us charge over Joseph?]; (S;) meaning, why dost thou fear us for him? (Bd;) some pronouncing the verb in a manner between those of the former and the latter modes of writing it; but Akh says that the latter is better: (S:) some read تِيمَنَّا. (Bd.) You say also, ↓ اُوتُمِنَ فُلَانٌ [Such a one was trusted, or confided, in &c.;] when it begins a sentence, changing the second ء into و; in like manner as you change it into ى when the first is with kesr, as in اِيتَمَنَهُ; and into ا when the first is with fet-h, as in آمَنَ. (S.) The phrase أَمَانَةً ↓ اُوتُمِنَ, in a saying of Mohammad, if it be not correctly عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ, may be explained as implying the meaning of اُسْتُحْفِظَ أَمَانَةً [He was asked to take care of a deposite; or he was intrusted with it]. (Mgh.) [You also say, أَمِنَهُ بِكَذَا, meaning He intrusted him with such a thing; as, for instance, money or other property: see two exs. in the Kur iii. 68.]

A2: أَمُنَ, (M, Mgh, K,) or أَمِنَ, (Msb,) inf. n. أَمَانَةٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) He was, or became, trusted in, or confided in: (M, K:) or he was, or became, trusty, trustworthy, trustful, confidential, or faithful: said of a man. (Mgh.) 2 أمّنهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ: see 4: b2: and see also أَمِنَهُ.

A2: أمّن, inf. n. as above, also signifies He said آمِينَ or أَمِينَ, (T, S, Msb,) after finishing the Fátihah, (T,) or عَلَي الدُّعَآءِ on the occasion of the prayer, or supplication. (Msb.) 4 آمَنَ is originally أَأْمَنَ; the second ء being softened. (S.) You say, آمنهُ, [inf. n. إِيمَانٌ;] (S, M, Msb;) and ↓ أمّنهُ, [inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ;] (M, TA;) meaning He rendered him secure, or safe; (Msb;) he rendered him secure, or free from fear; (S, M, TA;) contr. of أَخَافهُ: (TA:) so in آمَنْتُهُ مِنْهُ I rendered him secure, or safe, from him, or it. (Msb.) And of God you say, آمَنَ عِبادَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَظْلِمَهُمْ [He hath rendered his servants secure from his wronging them]. (S.) And يُؤْمِنُ عِبَادَهُ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ [ He rendereth his servants secure from his punishment]. (M.) You say also, آمَنْتُ الأَسِيرَ, meaning I gave, or granted, الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter,] to the captive. (Msb.) And آمَنَ فُلَانٌ الَعَدُوَّ [Such a one granted security, &c., to the enemy], inf. n. as above. (T.) It is said in the Kur ch. ix. [verse 12], accord. to one reading, لَا إِيمَانَ لَهُمْ They have not the attribute of granting protection; meaning that when they grant protection, they do not fulfil their engagement to protect. (T.) A2: إِيمَانٌ also signifies The believing [a thing, or in a thing, and particularly in God]; syn. تَصْدِيقٌ; (T, S, &c.;) by common consent of the lexicologists and other men of science: (T:) its primary meaning is the becoming true to the trust with respect to which God has confided in one, by a firm believing with the heart; not by profession of belief with the tongue only, without the assent of the heart; for he who does not firmly believe with his heart is either a hypocrite or an ignorant person. (T, TA.) Its verb is intrans. and trans. (TA, from a Commentary on the Mutowwal.) You say, آمَنَ, meaning He believed. (T.) and it is said to be trans. by itself, like صَدَّقَ; and by means of بِ, considered as meaning اِعْتِرَافٌ [or acknowledgment]; and by means of لِ, considered as meaning إِذْعَانٌ [or submission]. (TA.) [Thus] you say, [آمنهُ and] آمن بِهِ, (inf. n. إِيمَانٌ, T, K,) namely, a thing. (T, M.) And آمن بِاللّٰهِ He believed in God. (T.) It seems to be meant by what is said in the Ksh [in ii. 2], that آمن بِهِ [or آمَنَهُ] properly signifies آمَنَهُ التَّكْذِيبَ [He rendered him secure from being charged with lying, or falsehood]; and that the meaning he believed him or in him, is tropical; but this is at variance with what its author says in the A; and Es-Saad says that this latter meaning is proper. (TA.) The phrase in the Kur [ix. 61], وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمؤْمِنِينَ, accord. to Th, means And he believeth the believers; giveth credit to them. (M.) b2: Sometimes it is employed to signify The acknowledging with the tongue only; and hence, in the Kur [lxiii. 3], ذلِكَ بأَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا That is because they acknowledged with the tongue, then disacknowledged with the heart. (TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The trusting, or confiding, or having trust or confidence. (M, K.) [You say, آمن بِهِ, meaning He trusted, or confided, in him, or it: for] the verb of ايمان in this sense is trans. by means of بِ without implication; as Bd says. (TA.) [And it is also trans. by itself: for] you say, مَا آمَنَ أَنْ يَجِدَ صَحَابَةً, meaning (tropical:) He trusted not that he would find companions; (M, * K, * TA;) said of one who has formed the intention of journeying: or the meaning is مَا كَادَ [i. e. he hardly, or scarcely, found &c.; or he was not near to finding &c.]. (M, K.) See also أَمِنَهُ. b4: Also The manifesting humility or submission, and the accepting the Law, (Zj, T, * K,) and that which the Prophet has said or done, and the firm believing thereof with the heart; (Zj, T, M;) without which firm belief, the manifesting of humility or submission, and the accepting that which the Prophet has said or done, is termed إِسْلَامٌ, for which one's blood is to be spared. (T.) [In this sense, it is trans. by means of لِ, accord. to some, as shown above; or by means of بِ, for, accord. to Fei,] you say, آمَنْتُ بِاللّٰهِ, inf. n. as above, meaning I submitted, or resigned, myself to God. (Msb.) [There are numerous other explanations which it is needless to give, differing according to different persuasions. b5: See also إِيمَان below.]8 إِاْتَمَنَ see 1, in five places.10 استأمنهُ He asked, or demanded, of him الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]. (T, * Msb, TA.) b2: See also أَمِنَهُ. b3: استأمن إِلَيْهِ He entered within the pale of his أمَان [or protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) أَمْنٌ [an inf. n. of أَمِنِ: as a simple subst. it signifies Security, or safety: (see أَمِنَ:) or] security as meaning freedom from fear; contr. of خَوْفٌ; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ (M, K) and ↓ أَمَنَهُ (S, M, K) [and ↓ إِمْنَةٌ (see أَمِنَ)] and ↓ أَمَانٌ and ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, K,) which last is an inf. n. of أَمِنَ [like the rest], (MF,) or a subst. like فَالِجٌ; (M;) and ↓ أَمَانَةٌ is syn. with أَمَانٌ, (S,) both of these signifying security, or safety, and freedom from fear: (PS:) or أَمْنٌ signifies freedom from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, ease of mind, and freedom from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) You say, أَنْتَ فِى أَمْنٍ [Thou art in a state of security], (T, M,) مِنْ ذَاكَ [from that]; and ↓ فى أَمَانٍ signifies the same; (T;) and so ↓ فى آمِنٍ. (M.) And نُعَاسًا ↓ أَمَنَةً, in the Kur [iii. 148], means Security (أَمْنًا) [and slumber]. (S.) ↓ أَمَانٌ also signifies Protection, or safeguard: and [very frequently] a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety; indemnity; or quarter: in Pers\. پَنَاهْ and زِنْهَارٌ: (KL:) syn. إِلُّ. (K in art. ال.) Yousay, ↓ دَخَلَ فِى أَمَانِهِ [He entered within the pale of his protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) [and اللّٰهِ ↓ كُنٌ فِى أَمَانِ Be thou in the protection, or safeguard, of God.] And ↓ أَعْطَيْتُهُ الأَمَانَ [I gave, or granted, to him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]; namely, a captive. (Msb.) And طَلَبَ

↓ مِنْهُ الأَمَانَ [He asked, or demanded, of him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, &c., as in the next preceding ex.]. (Msb, TA.) b2: أَمْنًا in the Kur ii. 119 means ذَا أَمْن [Possessed of security or safety]: (Aboo-Is-hák, M:) or مَوْضِعَ أَمْنٍ [a place of security or safety; like مَأْمَنًا]. (Bd.) b3: See also آمِنٌ. b4: You say also, مَا أَحْسَنَ أَمْنَكَ, and ↓ أَمَنَكَ, meaning How good is thy religion! and thy natural disposition! (M, K.) إِمْنٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أَمَنٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first and last sentences.

أَمِنٌ: see آمِنٌ. b2: Also, (K, [there said to be like كَتِفٌ,]) or ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, [so written in a copy of that work,)] Asking, or demanding, or seeking, protection, in order to be secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself: (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) إِمْنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أمَنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in two places: b2: and see also أَمَانَةٌ.

A2: Also A man who trusts, or confides, in every one; (T, S, M;) and so ↓ أُمَنَةٌ: (S:) and who believes in everything that he hears; who disbelieves in nothing: (Lh, T:) or in whom men, or people, trust, or confide, and whose malevolence, or mischievousness, they do not fear: (T, M:) and ↓ أُمَنَةٌ signifies trusted in, or confided in; [like أَمِينٌ;] and by rule should be أُمْنَةٌ, because it has the meaning of a pass. part. n. [like لُعْنَةٌ and ضُحْكَةٌ and لُقْطَلةٌ &c. (see لَقَطٌ)]: (M:) or both signify one in whom every one trusts, or confides, in, or with respect to, everything. (K.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ.

أُمَنَةٌ: see أَمَنَةٌ, in two places.

أَمَانٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in seven places.

أَمُونٌ, applied to a she camel, of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, like عَصُوبٌ and حَلُوبٌ, (tropical:) Trusted, or confided, in; (T;) firmly, compactly, or strongly, made; (T, S, M, K;) secure from, or free from fear of, being weak: (S, M:) also, that is secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded: (M:) or strong, so that her becoming languid is not feared: (A, TA:) pl. أُمُنٌ. (M, K.) [See also what next follows.]

أَمينٌ Trusted; trusted in; confided in; (T, * S, * M, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ أُمَّانٌ; (S, M, K;) i. q. ↓ مَأْمُونٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ: (ISk, T, K:) [a person in whom one trusts or confides; a confidant; a person intrusted with, or to whom is confided, power, authority, control, or a charge, عَلَى شَىْءٍ over a thing; a person intrusted with an affair, or with affairs, i. e., with the management, or disposal, thereof; a confidential agent, or superintendent; a commissioner; a commissary; a trustee; a depositary;] a guardian: (TA:) trusty; trustworthy; trustful; confidential; faithful: (Mgh, Msb: *) pl. أُمَنَآءُ, and, accord. to some, ↓ أَمَنَةٌ, as in a trad. in which it is said, أَصْحَابِى أَمَنَةٌ لِأُمَّتِى, meaning My companions are guardians to my people: or, accord. to others, this is pl. of ↓ آمِنٌ [app. in a sense mentioned below in this paragraph, so that the meaning in this trad. is my companions are persons who accord trust, or confidence, to my people]. (TA.) Hence, أَلَمْ تَعْلَمِى يَا أَسْمَ وَيْحَكِ أَنَّنِى

حَلَفْتُ يَمِينًا لَا أَخُونُ أَمِينِى

[Knowest thou not, O Asmà (أَسْمَآء, curtailed for the sake of the metre), mercy on thee! or woe to thee! that I have sworn an oath that I will not act treacherously to him in whom I trust?] i. e. ↓ مَأْمُونِى: (S:) or the meaning here is, him who trusts, or confides, in me; (ISk, T;) [i. e.] it is here syn. with ↓ آمِنِى. (M.) [Hence also,] الأَمِينُ فِى القِمَارِ, (K voce مُجُمِدٌ, &c.,) or أَمِينُ, القِمَارِ, [The person who is intrusted, as deputy, with the disposal of the arrows in the game called المَيْسِر; or] he who shuffles the arrows; الَّذِى.

يَضْرِبُ بِالقِدَاحِ. (EM p. 105.) [Hence also,] الرُّوحُ الأَمِينُ [The Trusted, or Trusty, Spirit]; (Kur xxvi. 193;) applied to Gabriel, because he is intrusted with the revelation of God. (Bd.) ↓ أُمَّانٌ, mentioned above, and occurring in a verse of El-Aashà, applied to a merchant, is said by some to mean Possessed of religion and excellence. (M.) ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ is applied, in a trad., to the مُؤَذِّن, as meaning that men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer, and know by his call what they are commanded to do as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) المُعَامَلَةِ ↓ هُوَ مَأْمُونُ means He is [trusty, or trustworthy, in dealing with others; or] free from exorbitance and deceit or artifice or craft to be feared. (Msb.) b2: An aid, or assistant; syn. عَوْنٌ [here app. meaning, as it often does, an armed attendant, or a guard]; because one trusts in his strength, and is without fear of his being weak. (M.) b3: (assumed tropical:) The strong; syn. قَوِىٌّ. (K, TA: [in the latter of which is given the same reason for this signification as is given in the M for that of عون; for which قوى may be a mistranscription; but see أَمُونٌ.]) b4: One who trusts, or confides, in another; (ISk, T, K;) [as also ↓ آمِنٌ, of which see an ex. voce حَذِرٌ;] so accord. to ISk in the verse cited above in this paragraph: (T:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) b5: See also آمِنٌ, in five places.

A2: And see آمِينَ.

أَمَانَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first sentence. b2: Trustiness; trustworthiness; trustfulness; faithfulness; fidelity; (M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ أَمَنَةٌ. (M, K.) أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ [for أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ قَسَمِي or مَا أُقْسِمُ The faithfulness of God is my oath or that by which I swear] is composed of an inf. n. prefixed to the agent, and the former is in the nom. case as an inchoative; the phrase being like لَعَمْرُ اللّٰهِ, as meaning an oath; and the enunciative being suppressed, and meant to be understood: accord. to some, you say, أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ [app. for نَشَدْتُكَ أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ I adjure thee, or conjure thee, by the faithfulness of God, or the like], making it to be governed in the accus. case by the verb which is to be understood: and some correctly say, وَأَمَانَةِ اللّٰهِ [By the faithfulness of God], with the و which denotes an oath: (Mgh:) or this last is an oath accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh; but Esh-Sháfi'ee does not reckon it as such: and it is forbidden in a trad. to swear by الأَمَانَة; app. because it is not one of the names of God. (TA.) [Or these phrases may have been used, in the manner of an oath, agreeably with explanations here following.]

A2: A thing committed to the trust and care of a person; a trust; a deposite; (Mgh, Msb;) and the like: (Msb:) property committed to trust and care: (TA:) pl. أَمَانَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [viii. 27], وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ [Nor be ye unfaithful to the trusts committed to you]. (Mgh.) And in the same [xxxiii. 72], إِنَّا عَرَضْنَاالأَمَانَةَ عَلَى

السّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِوَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ [Verily we proposed, or offered, the trust which we have committed to man to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and (accord. to explanations of Bd and others) they refused to take it upon themselves, or to accept it, and they feared it, but man took it upon himself, or accepted it: or, (accord. to another explanation of Bd, also given in the T, and in the K in art. حمل, &c.,) they refused to be unfaithful to it, and they feared it, but man was unfaithful to it: but in explaining what this trust was, authors greatly differ: accord. to some,] الامانة here means obedience; so called because the rendering thereof is incumbent: or the obedience which includes that which is natural and that which depends upon the will: [for] it is said that when God created these [celestial and terrestrial] bodies, He created in them understanding: or it may here [and in some other instances] mean reason, or intellect: [and the faculty of volition: and app. conscience: these being trusts committed to us by God, to be faithfully employed: (see an ex. voce جَذْرٌ:)] and the imposition of a task or duty or of tasks or duties [app. combined with reason or intellect, which is necessary for the performance thereof]: (Bd:) or it here means prayers and other duties for the performance of which there is recompense and for the neglect of which there is punishment: (Jel:) or, accord. to I'Ab and Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr, (T,) the obligatory statutes which God has imposed upon his servants: (T, K: *) or, (T, K,) accord. to Ibn-'Omar, [the choice between] obedience and disobedience was offered to Adam, and he was informed of the recompense of obedience and the punishment of disobedience: but, in my opinion, he says, (T,) it here means the intention which one holds in the heart, (T, K,) with respect to the belief which he professes with the tongue, and with respect to all the obligatory statutes which he externally fulfils; (K;) because God has confided to him power over it, and not manifested it to any [other] of his creatures, so that he who conceives in his mind, with respect to the acknowledgment of the unity of God, (T, K,) and with respect to belief [in general], (T,) the like of that which he professes, he fulfils the امانة [or trust], (T, K,) and he who conceives in his mind disbelief while he professes belief with the tongue is unfaithful thereto, and every one who is unfaithful to that which is confided to him is [termed] حَامِلٌ, (T,) or حَامِلُ الأَمَانَةِ, and مُحْتَمِلُهَا: (Bd:) and by الإِنْسَانُ is here meant the doubting disbeliever. (T.) b2: Also, [as being a trust committed to him by God, A man's] family, or household; syn. أَهْلٌ. (TA.) أُمَّانٌ: see أَمينٌ, in two places.

A2: Also One who does not write; as though he were (كَأَنَّهُ [in the CK لاَنَّهُ because he is]) an أُمِّى. (K, TA.) [But this belongs to art. ام; being of the measure فُعْلَانٌ, like عُرْيَانٌ.] b2: And A sower, or cultivator of land; [perhaps meaning a clown, or boor;] syn. زَرَّاعٌ: (CK:) or sowers, or cultivators of land; syn. زُرَّاعٌ: (K, TA:) in one copy of the K زِرَاع. (TA.) آمِنٌ Secure, safe, or free from fear; as also ↓ أَمِينٌ (Lh, T, * S, * M, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xcv. 3], ↓ وَهذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ [And this secure town]; (Akh, Lh, T, S, M;) meaning Mekkeh. (M.) بَلَدٌ آمِنٌ and ↓ أَمِينٌ means A town, or country, or district, of which the inhabitants are in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) It is also said in the Kur [xliv. 51], ↓ إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي مَقَامٍ أَمِينٍ, meaning [Verily the pious shall be in an abode] wherein they shall be secure from the accidents, or casualties, of fortune. (M.) [And hence,] ↓ الأَمِينُ is one of the epithets applied to God, (Mgh, K,) on the authority of El-Hasan; (Mgh;) an assertion requiring consideration: it may mean He who is secure with respect to the accidents, or casualties, of fortune: but see المُؤْمِنُ, which is [well known as] an epithet applied to God. (TA.) آمِنُ المَالِ means What is secure from being slaughtered, of the camels, because of its being highly prized; by المال being meant الإِبِل: or, as some say, (tropical:) what is highly esteemed, of property of any kind; as though, if it had intellect, it would feel secure from being exchanged. (M.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ مِنْ آمِنِ مَالِي, (K, TA, [in the CK آمَنِ,]) meaning (tropical:) I gave him of the choice, or best, of my property; of what was highly esteemed thereof; (K, TA;) and مَالِى ↓ مِنْ أَمْنِ which Az explains as meaning of the choice, or best, of my property. (TA: [in which is given a verse cited by ISk showing that أَمْن, thus used, is not a mistranscription for آمِن.]) And آمِنُ الحِلْمِ means Steadfast in forbearance or clemency; of whose becoming disordered in temper, and free from self-restraint, there is no fear. (M.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ, in three places: b3: and see اَمِنٌ.

A2: See also أَمِينٌ, in two places.

آمِينَ [in the CK, erroneously, آمِينُ] and ↓ أَمِينَ; (Th, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) both chaste and well known, (TA,) the latter of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Msb, TA,) as some say, (TA,) [and this, though the less common, is the original form, for] the medd in the former is only to give fulness of sound to the fet-hah of the أ, (Th, M, Msb, TA,) as is shown by the fact that there is no word in the Arabic language of the measure فَاعِيلٌ; (Msb, TA;) and some pronounce the former آمِّينَ, (K,) which is said by some of the learned to be a dial. var., (Msb,) but this is a mistake, (S, Msb,) accord. to authorities of good repute, and is one of old date, originating from an assertion of Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, [i. e. Th,] that آمِينَ is like عَاصِينَ, by which he was falsely supposed to mean its having the form of a pl., [and being consequently آمِّينَ,] (Msb, [and part of this is said in the M,]) whereas he thereby only meant that the م is without teshdeed, like the ص in عَاصِينَ; (M;) beside that the sense of قَاصِدِينَ [which is that of آمِّينَ, from أَمَّ,] would be inconsistent after the last phrase of the first chapter of the Kur [where آمينَ is usually added]; (Msb;) and sometimes it is pronounced with imáleh, [i. e. “émeena,”] as is said by ElWáhidee in the Beseet; (K;) but this is unknown in works on lexicology, and is said to be a mispronunciation of some of the Arabs of the desert of El-Yemen: (MF:) each form is indecl., (S,) with fet-h for its termination, like أَيْنَ and كَيْفَ, to prevent the occurrence of two quiescent letters together: (T, S, TA:) it is a word used immediately after a prayer, or supplication: (S, * M:) [it is best expressed, when occurring in a translation, by the familiar Hebrew equivalent Amen:] El-Fárisee says that it is a compound of a verb and a noun; (M;) meaning answer Thou me; [i. e. answer Thou my prayer;] (M, Mgh;*) or O God, answer Thou: (Zj, T, Msb, K:) or so be it: (AHát, S, Msb, K:) or so do Thou, (K, TA,) O Lord: (TA:) it is strangely asserted by some of the learned, that, after the Fátihah, [or Opening Chapter of the Kur-án,] it is a prayer which implies all that is prayed for in detail in the Fátihah: so in the Towsheeh: (MF:) or it is one of the names of God: (M, Msb, K:) so says El-Hasan (M, Msb) El-Basree: (Msb:) but the assertion that it is for يَا اَللّٰهُ [O God], and that اسْتَجِبٌ [answer Thou] is meant to be understood, is not correct accord. to the lexicologists; for, were it so, it would be with refa, not nasb. (T.) إِيمَانٌ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: Used as a simple subst., Belief; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faith: trust, or confidence: &c.] b3: Sometimes it means Prayer; syn. صَلَاةٌ: as in the Kur [ii. 138], where it is said, وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيَمانَكُمْ, (Bd, Jel, TA,) i. e. [God will not make to be lost] your prayer towards Jerusalem, (Bd, * Jel,) as some explain it. (Bd.) b4: Sometimes, also, it is used as meaning The law brought by the Prophet. (Er-Rághib, TA.) مَأْمَنٌ A place of security or safety or freedom from fear; or where one feels secure. (M, TA.) مُؤْمَنٌ pass. part. n. of آمَنَهُ. (T.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 96], accord. to one reading, (T, M,) that of Aboo-Jaafar El-Medenee, (T,) لَسْتَ مُؤْمَنًا [Thou art not granted security, or safety, &c.; or] we will not grant thee security, &c. (T, M.) مُؤْمِنٌ [act. part. n. of 4; Rendering secure, &c.]. المُؤْمِنُ is an epithet applied to God; meaning He who rendereth mankind secure from his wronging them: (T, S:) or He who rendereth his servants secure from his punishment: (M, IAth:) i. q. المُهَيْمِنُ, (M,) which is originally المُؤَأْمِنُ; [for the form مُفْعِلٌ is originally مُؤَفْعِلٌ;] the second ء being softened, and changed into ى, and the first being changed into ه: (S:) or the Believer of his servants (Th, M, TA) the Muslims, on the day of resurrection, when the nations shall be interrogated respecting the messages of their apostles: (TA:) or He who will faithfully perform to his servants what He hath promised them: (T, TA:) or He who hath declared in his word the truth of his unity. (T.) b2: [Also Believing, or a believer; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faithful: trusting, or confiding: &c.: see 4.]

مَأْمُونٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in three places. b2: مَأْمُونَةٌ A woman whose like is sought after and eagerly retained because of her valuable qualities. (M.) مَأْمُونِيَّةٌ A certain kind of food; so called in relation to El-Ma-moon. (TA.) مُؤْتَمَنٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in two places.

الاستعارة:
[في الانكليزية] Metaphor
[ في الفرنسية] Metaphore

في اللغة: هو أخذ الشيء بالعارية أو عند الفرس: هو إضافة المشبّه به إلى المشبّه، وهذا خلاف اصطلاح أهل العربية. وهو على نوعين:

{لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا}

وسأل ابن الأزرق عن معنى قوله - عز وجل -: {لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا}

فقال ابن عباس: لا يخافون لله عظمة. واستشهد بقول أبي ذؤيب:

إذا لسعتْه النحلٌ لم يرْجُ لَسعهَا. . . وحالفها في بيت نُوبٍ عوامل

(ظ في الروايتين) وفي (تق، ك، ط)

قال: لا تخاشون لله عظمة.

والكلمة من آية نوح 13، خطاباً لقومه:

{مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا (13) وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا}

الرجاء في (الأضداد: للأصمعي، وأبي حاتم السجستاني،) وابن الأنباري، وابن السكيت) بمعنى الطمع وبمعنى الخوف.

وأورده ابن قتيبة في باب المقلوب من تأويل المشكل: رجوت بمعنى خفت، قال الله سبحانه {مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا}

وقيل هي لغة حجازية، وفي لغة كنانة وخزاعة ونصر وهذيل، بمعنى المبالاة (السجستاني وابن الأنباري) وحكاه الأزهري والزمخشري والقرطبي: عن أهل اللغة.

والجمهرة من أهل التأويل على أن معناها في آية نوح: لا تخافون لله عظمة، أو: لا تخشون، ولا تبالون. سوى الزمخشري فإنه ذهب إلى أنها بمعنى الأمل. وعلق الوقار بالمخاطبين، والمعنى: ما لكم لا تكونون على حال تأملون فيها تعظيم الله إياكم في دار الثواب. ووجه هذا التأويل عنده تقدُّم لفظ الجلالة {لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا} فهو بيان له، ولو تأخر - أي: وقارا لله - لكان صلة للوقار (الكشاف) وفيه بُعد من تكلف الصنعة.

والفعل من الرجاء يأتي في القرآن الكريم على الوجهين، قال الراغب: {لَا تَرْجُونَ} : لا تخافون - وأنشد بيت أبي ذؤيب - وبالضد قال تعالى: {وَتَرْجُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَرْجُونَ} {وَآخَرُونَ مُرْجَوْنَ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ} - المفردات.

قال الفراء في الآية: وقد قال بعض المفسرين أن معناه: تخافون، ولم نجد معنى الخوف يكون رجاء إلا ومعه جحد، والعرب لا تذهب بالرجاء مذهب الخوف إلا مع الجحد. وحكاه عنه الأزهري في تهذيب اللغة.

وقال السجستاني: والرجاء يكون طمعاً ويكون خوفاً، وفي القرآن في معنى الطمع {وَيَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَهُ وَيَخَافُونَ عَذَابَهُ} {وَمَا كُنْتَ تَرْجُو أَنْ يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابُ} {ابْتِغَاءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكَ تَرْجُوهَا} قال كعب (بن زهير) :

أرجو وآمُل أن تدنو مودتها. . . وما إخال لدينا منك تنويلُ

والرجاء في القرآن بمعنى الخوف كثير: {فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ} {وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا} {ارْجُوا الْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ} وقال أبو ذؤيب:

إذا لسعته النحل لم يرج لسعها. . . وخالفها في بيت نُوبٍ عواملِ

(الأضداد، ف 8 / 110) .

فهل من ضابط لهذه الضدية، في البيان القرآني؟

قد يشهد لقول الفراء إنها لا تجئ في معنى الخوف إلا جحداً، الاستقراء للكلمة في القرآن الكريم وتدبر سياقها:

جاءت وفي مثل سياق آية نوح مع الجحد، في قوله تعالى:

{لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا} يونس 7، 11، 15، والفرقان 21.

{لَا يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللَّهِ} الجاثية 14.
{لَا يَرْجُونَ نُشُورًا} الفرقان 40. {إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَابًا} النبأ 27 ومعها آية النور 60 {وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا}
وأما في غير الجحد، فأكثر ما تجئ بمعنى الطمع والأمل:
القصص 86: {وَمَا كُنْتَ تَرْجُو أَنْ يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابُ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ}
الإسراء 28: {ابْتِغَاءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكَ تَرْجُوهَا}
البقرة 218: {أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ}
الإسراء 57: {يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمُ الْوَسِيلَةَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ وَيَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَهُ. . .}
فاطر 29: {يَرْجُونَ تِجَارَةً لَنْ تَبُورَ}
الزمر 9: {يَحْذَرُ الْآخِرَةَ وَيَرْجُو رَحْمَةَ رَبِّهِ}
هود 62: {قَالُوا يَا صَالِحُ قَدْ كُنْتَ فِينَا مَرْجُوًّا قَبْلَ هَذَا} لكنها أقرب إلى معنى الخوف، في آيات.
العنكبوت 5: {مَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ لَآتٍ}
الأحزاب 21: {لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ} ومعها الممتحنة 6.
الكهف 110: {فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا. . .}
العنكبوت 36: {فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَارْجُوا الْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ}
فلعل الوجه في تأويل الرجاء بالخوف أن الراجي غير مستيقن من تحقق رجائه، فالراجي يخاف فوت المرجو وإخلافه "فالرجاء والخوف متلازمان لأن من يرجو الشيء يخاف ألا يكون" كما قال الراغب. والله أعلم.

اذن

1 أَذِنَ لَهْ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِلَيْهِ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. أَذَنٌ, (T, S, Msb, K,) He [gave ear or] listened to it, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) or him: (T, S, M, K: *) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (M,) he listened to it, or him, pleased, or being pleased. (M, K.) It is said in a trad., (T,) مَا أَذِنَ اللّٰهِ لِشَىْءٍ لِنَبِىٍّ يَتَغَنَّى

بالقُرآنِ (T, S) God hath not listened to anything [in a manner] like his listening [to a prophet chanting the Kur-án]. (T.) And in the Kur [lxxxiv. 2 and 5], وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّها And shall listen to its Lord, (M, Bd, Jel,) and obey; (Jel;) i. e., shall submit to the influence of his power as one listens to the commander and submits to him. (Bd.) And you say, أَذِنَ لِلَّهْوِ He listened and inclined to sport, or play. (M.) b2: [Hence, perhaps,] أَذِنَ لِرَائِحَةِ الطَّعَامِ (assumed tropical:) He desired eagerly, or longed for, the food, [perceiving its odour,] (ISh, K,) and inclined to it. (ISh, TA.) b3: [Hence also, app.,] أَذِنَ لَهُ فِى الشَّىء, (S, M, K,) or فِى أَمْرِ كَذَا, (T,) or فِى كَذَا, (Msb,) aor. ـَ (T, K,) inf. n. إِذْنٌ, (T, S, M, K,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) and أَذِينٌ, (K,) [as though originally signifying He gave ear to him in respect of such a thing; and then] he permitted him, allowed him, or gave him permission or leave, to do the thing, or such a thing. (M, Msb, K.) [See also إِذْنٌ, below.] You say, أَذِنْتُ لِلْعَبْدِ فَي الــتِّجَارَةِ [I gave permission, or leave, to the slave to traffic]. (Msb.) b4: أَذِنَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ He took, or got, permission, or leave, for him from him. (M.) You say, اِيذَنْ لِى

عَلَى الأَمِيرِ (S, TA) Take thou, or get thou, permission for me from the commander, or governor, or prince. (TA.) El-A'azz Ibn-'AbdAllah says, وَ إِنِّى إِذَا ضَنَّ الأَمِيرُ بإِذْنِهِ
عَلَي الإِذنِ مِنْ نَفْسِى إِذا شِئْتٌ قَادِرٌ [And verily I, when the prince is niggardly of his permission, am able to take permission of myself when I will]. (TA.) And a poet says, قُلْتُ لِبَوَّابٍ لَدَيْهِ دَارُهَا
تِئْذَنْ فَإِنِّى حَيْؤُهَا وَجَارُهَا [I said to a door-keeper, near by whom was her house, take thou, or get thou, permission for me to enter, for I am her husband's father, and her neighbour]: meaning, says Aboo-Jaafar, لِتَأْذَنْ; for the suppression of the ل is allowable in poetry, and the pronunciation with kesr to the ت is accord. to the dial. of him who says أَنْتَ تِعْلَمُ. (S.) b5: أَذِنَ بِالشَّىءِ, (S, * M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (S, M, K,) inf. n. إِذْنٌ and أَذَنٌ and أَذَانٌ and أَذَانَةٌ, (M, K,) He knew the thing; knew of it; had knowledge of it; became informed, or apprized, of it. (S, M, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 279], فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَرَسُولِهِ (S, M, K) Then be ye informed, or apprized, of war [that shall come upon you] from God and his apostle: (M, K:) or then be ye sure, or assured, &c. (T.) [See also إِذْنٌ, below.]

A2: أَذَنَهُ, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. أَذْنٌ, (T,) He hit, or hurt, his ear; (T, S, M, K;) or struck his ear; (so in some copies of the S;) and ↓ آذَنَهُ signifies the same, (M, K,) inf. n. إِيذَانٌ. (TA.) [See also 2.] b2: أُذِنَ [as though originally signifying He had his ear hit or hurt;] he complained, or had a complaint, of his ear; (K;) said of a man. (TA.) 2 أذّنهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. تَأْذِينٌ, (K,) He wrung, or twisted, (عَرَكَ,) his (a boy's, S) ear: (S, K:) or he struck, (ضَرَبَ, TA,) or struck with his finger, or fillipped, (نَقَرَ, M, TA,) his ear. (M, TA.) [See also أَذَنَهُ.] They say, (in a prov., TA in art. جوز,) لِكُلِّ جَابِهٍ جَوْزَةٌ ثُمَّ يُؤْذَّنُ, (M, TA,) i. e. For every one that comes to water is a single watering for his family and his cattle; then his ear is struck, to apprize him that he has nothing more to receive from them: (TA in the present art., and the like is said in the same in art. جوز:) or, (assumed tropical:) then he is repelled from the water: (TA in art. جوز:) [for أذّنهُ signifies also] b2: (assumed tropical:) He repelled him, (IAar, T, M, K,) namely, a man, (IAar, T, M,) from drinking, (K,) and did not give him to drink. (M, K.) You say also, أَذِّنُوا عَنِّى أُوَلَهَا, [in which the pronoun appears, from the context, to relate to camels,] (assumed tropical:) Send ye away from me the first ones of them. (En-Nadr, T.) A2: أذّن النَّعْلَ, (inf. n. as above, S,) He put to the sandal what is termed أُذُنٌ, q. v. infrà: (S, M, K:) and in like manner one says with respect to other things. (S, K.) A3: أذّن, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) also signifies He made known, or notified, a thing (بِشَىْءٍ) much; (M, K; *) he proclaimed, or made proclamation; syn. نَادَى: (Jel in vii. 42, and Bd and Jel in xii. 70 and xxii. 28:) Sb says that some of the Arabs make أَذَّنَ and ↓ آذَنَ to be syn.: but some say that the former signifies he called out publickly; and the latter, i. q. أَعْلَمَ [he made to know, &c.: see 4]. (M, TA.) It is said in the Kur [xxii. 28], وَأَذِّنْ فِى

النَّاسِ بِالحَجِّ (M) And proclaim thou, among the people, the pilgrimage. (Bd, Jel.) b2: Also, (S, K,) or أذّن بِالصَّلَاةِ, (Msb,) inf. n. as above, (M, K,) or أَذَانٌ, (S,) or both, (TA,) or the latter is [properly speaking] a simple subst. [used as an inf. n.], as in the instances of وَدَّعَ وَدَاعَّا and سَلَّمَ سَلَامًا and كَلَّمَ كَلَامًا &c., (Msb,) He called to prayer; (M, K;) he notified, or made known, or proclaimed, [i. e., chanted, from the مِئْذَنَة,] the time of prayer; (S, * Msb, * TA;) and ↓ آذَنَ signifies the same, (K,) inf. n. إِيذَانٌ. (TA.) IB says, the phrase أَذَّنَ العَصْرُ, with the verb in the act. form, [a phrase commonly obtaining in the present day,] is wrong; the correct expression being أُذِّنَ بِالعَصْرِ [The time of the prayer of afternoon was proclaimed, i. e., chanted], with the verb in the pass. form, and with the preposition to connect it with its subject. (Msb.) b3: You say also, أَذَّنَ بِإِرْسَالِ إِبِلِهِ He spoke of sending away his camels. (En-Nadr, T.) 4 آذنهُ: see 1, last sentence but one. b2: [Hence, app.,] inf. n. إِيذَانٌ, (assumed tropical:) He prevented him, or forbade him; (K;) and repelled him. (TA.) [See also 2.] b3: And (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, M) pleased, or rejoiced, him, (M, K,) and he therefore listened to it. (M.) A2: آذَنْتُهُ, inf. n. إِيذَانٌ, (T, Msb,) in the place of which the subst. أَذَانٌ is also used, (T,) signifies أَعْلَمْتُهُ [I made him to know, or have knowledge; informed, apprized, advertised, or advised, him; gave him information, intelligence, notice, or advice: and I made it known, notified it, or announced it]: (T, Msb:) and ↓ تَأَذَّنْتُ, also, signifies أَعْلَمْتُ [as meaning I made to know, &c.: and I made known, &c.]. (Msb.) You say, آذنهُ بِالأَمْرِ, (T, K, [in the CK, erroneously, اَذَنَهُ,]) or بِالشَّىْءِ, (S,) and آذنهُ الأَمْرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. إِيذَانٌ, (T,) meaning أَعْلَمَهُ [He made him to know, or have knowledge of, the thing; informed, apprized, advertised, or advised, him of it; gave him information, intelligence, notice, or advice, of it; made it known, notified it, or announced it, to him]; (T, S, M, K;) as also الأَمْرَ ↓ تأذّنهُ. (M.) So, accord. to one reading, in the Kur [ii. 279], فَآذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللّٰهِ Then make ye known, or notify ye, or announce ye, war from God. (M. [For the more common reading, see 1, latter part.]) And so in the Kur [vii. 166], رَبُّكَ ↓ وَ إِذْ تَأَذَّنَ And when thy Lord made known, or notified, or announced: (Zj, S, M, K: *) or the meaning here is, swore: (M, K: *) [for] you say, لَيَفْعَدَنَ ↓ تَأَذَّنَ, meaning he swore that he would assuredly do [such a thing]: (M:) Lth says that لَأَ فْعَلَنَّ كَذَا وَ كَذَا ↓ تَأَذَّنْتُ signifies the making the action obligatory. (T.) You say also, الأَمِيرُ فِى النَّاسِ ↓ تَأَذَّنَ The commander, or governor, or prince, proclaimed (نَادَى) among the people, with threatening (S, K) and prohibition; i. e. تَقَدَّمَ and أَعْلَمَ. (S.) And you say of a building that has cracked in its sides, آذَنَ بِالِانْهِدَامِ وَالسُّقُوطِ (assumed tropical:) [It gave notice of becoming a ruin and of falling down]. (Msb in art. دعو.) [See also a similar ex. in a verse cited voce أَلَا. and hence,] آذَنَ العُشْبُ [in the CK (erroneously) اَذَنَ] (tropical:) The herbage began to dry up; part of it being still succulent, and part already dried up. (M, K, TA.) And آذَنَ الحُبُّ The grain put forth its أَذَنَة, or leaves. (TA.) See also 2, latter half, in two places.

A3: آذَنَ and ↓ تأذّن are [also] used in one and the same sense [as meaning He knew; had knowledge; or became informed, apprized, advertised, or advised, of a thing]; like as one says أَيْقَنَ and تَيَقَّنَ. (S, TA.) You say, ↓ تَأَذَّنْ, meaning اِعْلَمْ [Know thou]; like as you say تَعَلَّمْ, meaning اِعْلَمْ. (M.) 5 تَاَذَّنَ see 4, in eight places.10 استأذنهُ He asked, or demanded, of him permission, or leave, (M, Msb, K,) فِى كَذَا to do such a thing. (Msb.) [You say, استأذن meaning He asked, or demanded, permission, or leave, to enter, or to come into the presence of another; and to go. And استأذن فِى الدُّخُولِ عليه, and, elliptically, استأذن عليه, He asked, or demanded, permission, or leave, to go in to him.]

أُذْنٌ: see أُذُنٌ.

إِذْنٌ [is held by some to be an inf. n., like ↓ أَذَيِنٌ: (see 1:) by others, to be] a simple subst.; (Msb;) signifying Permission; leave; or concession of liberty, to do a thing: and sometimes command: and likewise will; (Msb, TA;) as in the phrase بِإِذْنِ اللّٰهِ by the will of God: (Msb:) or, accord. to El-Harállee, the withdrawal, or removal, of prevention or prohibition, and the giving of power or ability, in respect of being and creation: or, accord. to Ibn-El-Kemál, the rescission of prohibition, and concession of freedom of action, to him who has been prohibited by law: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, the notification of the allowance or permission of a thing, and of indulgence in respect of it; as in إِلَّا لِيُطَاعَ بِإِذْنِ اللّٰهِ, [in the Kur iv. 67,] meaning [but that he may be obeyed] by the will of God, and [also] by his command: (TA:) or, as explained in the Ksh, facilitation; an explanation founded upon the opinion that the actions of men are by their own effective power, but facilitated by God; and in this sense, Esh-Shiháb regards it as a metaphor, or a non-metaphorical trope: (MF:) and accommodation; syn. تَوْفِيقٌ; (Hr in explanation of a clause of iii. 139 of the Kur [which see below];) but Es-Semeen says that this requires consideration. (TA.) b2: Also Knowledge; syn. عِلْمٌ; (T, M, K;) and so ↓ أَذِينٌ; (M, K;) as in the saying فَعَلَهُ بِإِذْنِى (T, * M, K) and ↓ بِأَذِينى (M, K) [He did it with my knowledge]: or إِذْنٌ has a more particular signification than عِلْمٌ, being scarcely ever, or never, used save of that [knowledge] wherein is will, conjoined with command or not conjoined therewith; for in the saying [in the Kur iii. 139, referred to above,] وَمَا كَانَ لِنَفْسٍ

أَنْ تَمُوتَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللّٰهِ [And it is not for a soul to die save with the knowledge of God], it is known that there are will and command; and in the saying [in the Kur ii. 96], وَمَا هُمْ بِضَّارِينَ بِهِ مِنْ

أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بإِذْنِ اللّٰهِ [But they do not injure thereby any one save with the knowledge of God], there is will in one respect, for there is no difference of opinion as to the fact that God hath made to exist in man a faculty wherein is the power of injuring another: (Er-Rághib:) but Es-Semeen says that this plea is adduced by Er-Rághib because of his inclining to the persuasion of the Moatezileh. (TA.) You say also, فَعَلْتُ كَذَا بِإِذْنِهِ meaning I did thus by his command. (T.) أَذَنٌ: see أَذَنَةٌ

أُذُنٌ and ↓ أُذْنٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the latter a contraction of the former, [which is the more common,] (Msb,) [The ear;] one of the organs of sense; (M, TA;) well known: (M:) of the fem. gender: (S, M, Msb, K:) as also ↓ أَذِينٌ: (K:) pl. آذَانٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) its only pl. form: (M:) dim. ↓ أُذَيْنَةٌ; but when used as a proper name of a man, أُذَيْنُ, though أُذَيْنَةُ has been heard. (S.) You say, جَآءَ نَاشِرَّا أُذُنَيْهِ [He came spreading, or, as we say, pricking up, his ears: meaning] (tropical:) he came in a state of covetousness, or eagerness. (T, K, TA. [See also نَشَرَ.]) and وَجَدْتُ فُلَانًا لَا بِسًا أُذُنَيْهِ (tropical:) I found such a one feigning himself inattentive, or heedless. (T, TA.) And لَبِسْتُ أُذُنَىَّ لَهُ (tropical:) I turned away from him, avoided him, or shunned him: or I feigned myself inattentive, or heedless, to him. (K, TA. [See also لَبِسَ.]) b2: (tropical:) A man who listens to what is said to him: (M, K, TA:) or a man who hears the speech of every one: (S:) or who relies upon what is said to him; as also وَابِصَةُ السَّمْعِ: (M in art. وبص:) applied as an epithet to one and to a pl. number, (S, M, K,) alike, (S, M,) and to two, and to a woman; not being pluralized nor dualized [nor having the fem. form given to it]: (IB:) you say رَجُلٌ أٌذْنٌ (Az, S, M) and أُذْنٌ, and رِجَالٌ أُذُنٌ and أُذْنٌ [&c.]: (Az, M:) and sometimes it is applied to a man as a name of evil import. (M.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 61], وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ قُلْ أُذُنُ خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ (T, M) and they say, “He is one who hears and believes everything that is said to him:” as though, by reason of the excess of his listening, he were altogether the organ of hearing; like as a spy is termed عَيْنٌ; or أُذُن is here from أَذِنَ “he listened,” and is like أُنُفٌ and شُلُلٌ in its derivation: (Bd:) for among the hypocrites was he who found fault with the Prophet, saying, “If anything be told him from me, I swear to him, and he receives it from me, because he is an أُذُن:” (M:) therefore he is commanded to answer, Say, “A hearer of good for you.” (T, M, Bd.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A sincere, or faithful, adviser of a people, who counsels to obedience: (Msb:) a man's intimate, and special, or particular, friend. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A certain appertenance of the heart; (M;) [i. e. either auricle thereof;] أُذُنَا القَلْبِ signifying two appendages (زَنَمَتَانِ) in the upper part of the heart: (K:) and (tropical:) of a نَصْل [or arrow-head or the like; i. e. either wing thereof]: and (tropical:) of an arrow; آذَانُ السَّهْمِ signifying the feathers of the arrow, as AHn says, when they are attached thereon; and ذُو ثَلَاثِ آذَانٍ [a thing having three such feathers] meaning an arrow: all so called by way of comparison: (M:) and (assumed tropical:) of a sandal; (S, M, K;) i. e. the part thereof that surrounds the قِبَال [q. v.]: (M:) or أُذُنَا النَّعْلِ signifies the two parts, [or loops,] of the sandal, to which are tied the عَضُدَانِ of the شِرَاك, [or two branches of the thong that is attached to another thong between two of the toes, which two branches, however, sometimes pass through the أُذُنَانِ, encompassing the heel,] behind the narrow part (خَصْر) of the sole. (AO in an anonymous MS in my possession. See also خَصْرٌ.) b5: (tropical:) A handle, (M,) or [a loopshaped, or an ear-shaped, handle, such as is termed] عُرْوَة, (T, K,) of anything; (M, K) as, for instance, (M,) of a كُوز [or mug]; (T, M;) and of a دَلْو [or bucket]: so called by way of comparison: and in all cases fem.: (M:) pl. as above. (T.) b6: (assumed tropical:) What becomes sharp, or pointed, and then falls off, or out, of the plants called عَرْفَج and ثُمَام when they put forth their خُوص [q. v.], or when their خوص become perfect; because it has the shape of an ear. (AHn, M.) إِذَنْ, also written إِذًا: see art. اذا.

أَذَنَةٌ The leaves of trees, (En-Nadr, T,) or of grain. (K.) b2: [The kind of leaf called خُوصَة of the ثُمَام.] b3: (tropical:) The young ones of camels and of sheep or goats; (En-Nadr, T, K;) as being likened to the خُوصَة of the ثُمَام. (TA.) b4: A piece of straw: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ أَذَنٌ [in the CK أُذُنٌ]. (IAar, T, K.) A2: Appetite, appetency, longing, yearning, or strong desire. (En-Nadr, T.) You say, هٰذِهِ بَقْلَةٌ تَجِدُ بِهَا الإِبِلُ

أَذَنَةَ شَدِيدَةً This is a herb for which the camels feel a strong appetite &c. (En-Nadr, T.) and هٰذَا طَعَامٌ لَا أَذَنَةَ لَهُ This is food for the odour of which there is no appetite. (K, * TA.) أَذَانٌ A making known; a notification; an announcement. (T, S, Mgh.) [See 4.] So in the Kur [ix. 3], وَ أَذَانٌ مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ [And a notification, or an announcement, from God and his apostle to men, or the people]. (T, Mgh.) b2: Also, and ↓ أَذِينٌ, (T, S, M, K,) and تَأْذِينٌ, [the last an inf. n. of 2, and the second a quasi-inf. n. of the same, which see,] (M, K,) The notification, or announcement, of prayer, and of the time thereof; (T, S;) the call to prayer. (M, K.) [The words of this call (which is usually chanted from the مِئْذَنَة, or turret of the mosque,) are اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ (four times) أَشْهَدُ أنْ لَا إِلٰهَ

إِلَّا اللّٰهْ (twice) أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَّسُولُ اللّٰهُ (twice) حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاهٌ (twice) حَىَّ عَلَى الفَلَاحْ (twice) اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرٌ (twice) لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهٌ.] b3: الأَذَانُ also signifies The [notification, or announcement, called] إِقَامَة; (M, K;) because it is a notification to be present at the performance of the divinelyordained prayers. (TA.) [This (which is chanted in the mosque) consists of the words of the former أَذَان with the addition of قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاهْ pronounced twice after حَىَ عَلَى الفَلَاحْ.] b4: الأَذَانَانِ signifies The أَذَانِ [more commonly so called] and the إِقَامَة. (TA.) أَذُونٌ [An animal having an ear; as distinguished from صَمُوخٌ, which means “having merely an ear-hole”]. (Msb in art. بيض.) أَذِينٌ: see أُذُنٌ.

A2: See also إِذْنٌ, in three places. b2: And see أَذَانٌ.

A3: I. q. ↓ مُؤْذِنٌ [Making to know or have knowledge, بِأَمْرٍ of a thing; informing, apprizing, advertising, or advising; giving information, intelligence, notice, or advice; making known, notifying, or announcing]: like أَلِيمٌ and وَجِيعٌ as meaning مُؤْلِمٌ and مُوجِعٌ. (M.) b2: See also مُؤَذِّنٌ.

A4: One who is responsible, answerable, amenable, or a surety; [بِأَمْرٍ for a thing; and perhaps also بِغَيْرِهِ for another person;] syn. كَفِيلٌ (S, M, K) and زَعِيمٌ [which signifies the same as كَفِيلٌ, and is plainly shown in the M to be here used as a syn. of this latter; but SM assigns to it here another meaning, namely رَئِيسٌ, in which sense I find no instance of the use of أَذِينٌ]; (AO, M;) and ↓ آذِنٌ also is syn. with أَذِينٌ in the sense of كَفِيلٌ. (K.) A5: Also A place to which the أَذَان [or call to prayer] comes [or reaches] from [or on] every side. (S, K.) أُذَيْنَةٌ dim. of أُذُنٌ, q. v. (S.) أُذَانِىٌّ (S, M, Mgh, K) and ↓ آذَنُ (M, K) Largeeared; (S, M, Mgh, K;) long-eared; (M;) applied to a man, (S, M, K,) and to a camel, and to a sheep or goat: (M:) [or] the latter epithet is applied to a ram; and its fem. أَذْنَآءُ to a ewe. (T, S, M.) أُذَيْنِىٌّ One who hears everything that is said: but this is a vulgar word. (TA.) [See أُذُنٌ.]

آذَنُ: see أُذَانِىٌّ.

آذِنٌ [act. part. n. of 1. As such, Permitting, or allowing; one who permits, or allows. and hence,] A doorkeeper, or chamberlain. (S, K.) b2: See also أَذِينٌ.

مُؤْذَنٌ: see مَأْذُونٌ.

مُؤْذِنٌ: see أَذِينٌ. You say, سِيمَاهُ بِالخَيْرِ مُؤْذِنَةٌ His impress notifies [or is indicative of] goodness. (TA.) b2: مُؤْذِنَاتٌ, signifying The women who notify, or announce, the times of festivity and rejoicing, [particularly on the occasions of weddings,] is a vulgar word. (TA.) A2: Herbage beginning to dry up; part of it being still succulent, and part already dried up: and a branch, or wood, that has dried, but has in it some succulency. (TA.) مَأْذَنَةٌ: see what next follows.

مُؤْذَنَةٌ: see what next follows.

مِئْذَنَةٌ (which may also be pronounced مِيذَنَةٌ, Msb) The place [generally a turret of a mosque] upon which the time of prayer is notified, made known, or proclaimed; (T, M, * K; *) i. q. مَنَارَةٌ [which has this meaning and others also]; (Az, T, S, Msb;) as also ↓ مُؤْذَنَةٌ: (Az, T:) or it signifies, (as in some copies of the K,) or signifies also, (as in other copies of the same,) i. q. مَنَارَةٌ: and صَوْمَعَةٌ: [see these two words:] (K:) or i. q. مَنَارَةٌ, meaning صَوْمَعَةٌ; (Lh, M, TA;) by way of comparison [to the turret first mentioned]: but as to ↓ مَأْذَنَةٌ, it is a vulgar word: (TA:) the pl. is مَآذِنُ, agreeably with the original form of the sing. (Msb.) مُؤَذِّنٌ One who notifies, makes known, or proclaims, [by a chant,] the time of prayer; (M, * Msb, K; *) [i. e., who chants the call to prayer;] as also ↓ أَذِينٌ. (M, K.) مَأْذُونٌ, as meaning A slave permitted, or having leave given him, by his master, to traffic, is used for مَأْذُونٌ لَهُ, (Msb, TA,) by the lawyers. (Msb.) A2: Also Having his ear hit, or hurt; and so ↓ مُؤْذَنٌ. (TA.)

اذا

إِذَا denotes a thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly; (Mughnee, K;) or one's experiencing the occurrence of a thing when he is in a particular state; (S;) like إِذٌ: (S voce إِذٌ:) it pertains only to nominal phrases; does not require to be followed by a reply, or the complement of a condition; does not occur at the commencement of a sentence; and signifies the present time, (Mughnee, K,) not the future; (Mughnee;) as in خَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا الأَسَدُ بالبَابِ [I went forth, and lo, or behold, or there, or then, at that present time, (accord. to different authorities, as will be seen below,) the lion was at the door]; and (in the saying in the Kur [xx. 21], TA,) فَإِذَا هِىَ حَيَّةٌ تَسْعَى [And lo, or behold, &c., it was a serpent running]; (Mughnee, K;) and in the saying, خَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ, which means I went forth, and Zeyd presented himself to me suddenly, or unexpectedly, at the time, by standing. (S, TA.) Accord. to Akh, it is a particle, (Mughnee, K,) and his opinion is rendered preferable by their saying, خَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا إِنَّ زِيْداً بِالبَابِ [I went forth, and lo, or behold, verily Zeyd was at the door]; for [اذا cannot here be a noun governed in the accus. case, as] what follows إِنَّ, which is with kesr, does not govern what precedes it: (Mughnee:) accord. to Mbr, it is an adverbial noun of place: accord. to Zj, an adverbial noun of time. (Mughnee, K.) Ibn-Málik adopts the first of these opinions; Ibn-'Osfoor, the second; (Mughnee;) and so El-Fenjedeehee; (TA;) and Z, the third; and he asserts that its governing word is a verb understood, derived from المُفَاجَأَةُ; [agreeably with the explanation cited above from the S;] but others hold that the word which governs it in the accus. case is the enunciative, which is either expressed, as in خَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا زَيْدٌ جَالِسٌ [I went forth, and there, in that place, or then, at that time, Zeyd was sitting], or meant to be understood, as in فَإِذَا الأَسَدُ, i. e. حَاضِرٌ [and there, or then, the lion was present]; or if it be supposed to be [itself] the enunciative, its governing word is مُسْتَقِرُّ or اِسْتَقَرَّ [understood]: and in the last of the phrases here mentioned, it may be an enunciative accord. to the opinion of Mbr, the meaning being فَبِالْحَاضِرَةِ الأَسَدُ [and among the things present was the lion]; but not accord. to the opinion of Zj, because a noun signifying time cannot be the enunciative of one signifying a corporeal thing; nor accord to the opinion of Akh, because a particle cannot be used to denote the enunciative of such a thing; or, as signifying time, it may be the enunciative of such a thing if we suppose a prefixed noun to be suppressed, the meaning of فَإِذَا الأَسَدُ being فَإِذاَ حُضُورُ الأَسَدِ [And then was the presence of the lion]. (Mughnee.) You may say either خَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا زَيْدٌ جَالِسٌ or جَالِساً [I went forth, and lo, or behold, &c., Zeyd was sitting or Zeyd was there sitting], with the nom. as an enunciative and with the accus. as a denotative of state. (Mughnee.) The Arabs said, قَدْ كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنَّ العَقْرَبَ أَشَدُّ لَسْعَةً مِنَ الزُّنْبُورِ فَإِذاَ هُوَ هِى [I used to think that the scorpion was more vehement in stinging than the hornet, and lo, he is (as vehement as) she], and also, فَإِذاَ هُوَ إِيَّاهَا, which Sb disallowed, in contending with Ks, who allowed it, and appealed for confirmation thereof to certain Arabs, whose judgment was pronounced in his favour; but it is said that they were bribed to give this judgment, or that they knew the place which Ks held in the estimation of Er-Rasheed; and if the latter expression be of established authority, it is irregular and unchaste. (Mughnee.) b2: It also denotes the complement of a condition, like فَ, (S, Msb,) with which it is in this case syn., (Msb,) as in the words of the Kur [xxx. 35], وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمُ يَقْنَطُون [And if an evil befall them for that which their hands have sent before, (i. e. for sins which they have committed,) then they despair]. (S, Msb.) b3: It is also an adverbial noun denoting future time, (S, Msb, Mughnee, K, *) and implying the meaning of a condition, (Msb, Mughnee,) and this is generally the case when it is not used in the manner first explained above. (Mughnee.) In this case it is not used otherwise than as prefixed to a proposition, (S, Mughnee,) which is always verbal, as in the words of the Kur [xxx. 24], ثُمَّ إِذَا دَعَاكُمَ دَعْوَةً مِنَ الأَرْضِ إذَا أَنْتُمْ تَخْرُجُونَ [Then, when He shall call you, or when He calleth you, (for, as in Arabic, so in English, a verb which is properly present is often tropically future,) with a single call from out the earth, lo, or behold, or then, ye shall come forth], in which occur both the usages of اذا here mentioned; (Mughnee;) and in the phrase, إِذَا جِئْتَ أَكْرَمْتُكَ [When thou shalt come, I will treat thee with honour]; (Msb;) and in the phrase, أَجِيْؤُكَ إِذَا احْمَرَّالبُسْرُ [I will come to thee when the fullgrown unripe dates shall become red], and إِذَا قَدِمَ فُلَانٌ [when such a one shall arrive], which shows it to be a noun because this is equivalent to يَوْمَ يَقْدَمُ فُلَانٌ [on the day when such a one shall arrive]: (S:) or in the phrase قُمْ إِذَا احْمَرَّ البُسْرُ [and in many other cases] it denotes time divested of any accessory idea, the meaning being [Arise thou] at the time of the full-grown unripe dates' becoming red: and so in the saying of EshSháfi'ee, If a man were to say, أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ إِذَا لَمْ

أُطَلِّقْكِ, or مَتَى لم اطلّقك, [Thou art divorced when I do not divorce thee,] and then be silent for a time sufficient for the divorce to be pronounced therein, she would be divorced; but should he make it dependent upon a thing in the future, the divorce would be delayed to that time, as if he said, اذا احمرّ البسر [using it in the sense first assigned to this phrase above]. (Msb.) The verb after it is in most cases a pret.: in other cases, an aor. : both occur in the saying of Aboo-Dhu-eyb,
وَ النَّفْسُ رَاغِبَةٌ إِذَا رَغَّبْتَهَا
وَإِذَا تُرَدُّ إِلَى قَلِيلٍ تَقْنَعُ [And the soul is desirous when thou makest it desirous; and when thou reducest it, or restrictest it, to little, it is content]. (Mughnee.) When it is immediately followed by a noun, as in [the phrase in the Kur lxxxiv. 1,] إذَا السَّمَآءُ انْشَقَّتْ, the noun is an agent with a verb suppressed, explained by what follows it; contr. to the opinion of Akh; (Mughnee;) the complete phrase being إِذَا انْشَقَّتِ السَّمَآءُ انْشَقَّتْ [When the heaven shall be cleft, (when) it shall be cleft]; and in like manner, إِنْ, as in the saying, in the Kur [ix. 6], وَ إِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ. (I 'Akp. 123.) And in the saying of the poet, إِذَا بَاهِلِىٌّ تَحْتَهُ حَنْظَلِيَّةٌ 
لَهُ وَلَدٌ مِنْهَا فَذَاكَ المُدَرَّعُ كَانَ is meant to be understood after اذا [so that the meaning is, When a Báhilee (a man of the tribe of Báhileh) has, or shall have, as his wife a Handhaleeyeh (a woman of the tribe of Handhaleh, who were renowned for generosity), he having offspring from her, that (offspring) is, or will be, the mail-clad]. (Mughnee.) b4: Sometimes it denotes past time, (Mughnee, K,) like as إِذْ sometimes denotes future time, (Mughnee,) as in [the saying in the Kur lxii. 11,] وَ إِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْواً

انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا [And when they saw merchandise or sport, they dispersed themselves to it]. (Mughnee, K.) [Thus] it occurs in the place of إِذْ, like as إِذْ occurs in the place of إِذَا. (TA.) b5: And sometimes it denotes the present time; and this is after an oath, as in [the phrase in the Kur xcii. 1,] وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى [By the night when it covereth with its darkness]. (Mughnee, K.) b6: It also occurs in the sense of the conditional إِنْ, as in the saying, أُكْرِمُكَ إِذَا أَكْرَمْتَنِى, meaning إِنْ

أَكْرَمْتَنِى [I will treat thee with honour if thou treat me with honour]: (T:) [for] what is possible is made dependent upon it as well as what is known to be certain, as in the phrases, إِذَا جَآءَ زَيْدٌ [If Zeyd come] and إِذَا جَآءَ رَأْسُ الشَّهْرِ [When the beginning of the month shall come]; or, accord. to Th, there is a difference between إِذَا and إِنْ; (Msb;) the latter being held by him to denote what is possible, and the former to denote what is ascertained; so that one says, إِنْ جَآءَ زَيْدٌ and إذَا جَآءَ رَأْسُ الشَّهرِ. (Msb in art. ان.) b7: When a verb in the first person sing. of the pret. is explained by another verb after it immediately preceded by إِذَا, [تَقُولُ is understood before the former verb, and therefore] the latter verb must be in the second Pers\. sing., as in لُجْتُهُ إِذَا أَدَرْتَهُ فِى فيِكَ [meaning Thou sayest (of a thing) لُجْتُهُ when, or if, thou hast turned it about in thy mouth]. (MF in art. لوج. See also أَىْ; last sentence but one.) b8: It is sometimes redundant, like as إِذْ is sometimes [accord. to some], as in the saying of 'Abd-Menáf Ibn-Riba El-Hudhalee, حَتَّى إِذَا أَسْلَكُوهُم فِى قُتَائِدَةٍ
شَلَّا كَمَا تَطْرُدُ الجَمَّالَةُ الشُّرُدَا [Until they made them to pass along Kutáīdeh, (here meaning a certain mountain-road so named, S in art. قتد,) urging on, like as the owners, or attendants, of camels drive those that take fright and run away]; for it is the end of the poem: or he may have abstained from mentioning the enunciative because of its being known to the hearer. (S.) When إِذَا is preceded by حَتَّى, [as in this instance,] it is generally held that اذا is not governed by حتّى in the gen. case, but is still an adverbial noun, حتّى being an inceptive particle without government. (Mughnee.) b9: As to what it is that governs إِذَا in the accus. case, there are two opinions; that it is its conditional proposition; or a verb, or the like, in the complement thereof: (Mughnee, K:) the former is the opinion of the critical judges; so that it is in the predicament of مَتَى and حَيْثُمَا and أَيَّانَ. (Mughnee.) b10: Sometimes it is used so as not to denote a condition, as in the words of the Kur [xlii. 35], وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا هُم يَغفِرُونَ [And when, or whenever, they are angry, they forgive], in which it is an adverbial noun relating to the enunciative of the inchoative after it; for if it denoted a condition, and the nominal proposition were a complement, it would be connected by فَ: and the same is the case when it is used after an oath, as in an ex. given above. (Mughnee.) b11: See also what follows.

إِذًا, (Msb, TA, the latter as on the authority of Lth,) with tenween, (TA,) or إِذَن, (T, S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K, the first as on the authority of Lth,) written in the former manner, (TA,) or in the latter, (T,) when connected with a following proposition, (T, TA,) and in a case of pause written ↓ إِذًا, (T, S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K, TA,) and therefore the Basrees hold that in other cases it should be written إِذًا, (Msb,) though El-Má- zinee and Mbr hold that it should be in this case also with ن, while Fr holds that it should be written with ا; when it governs, and otherwise with ن, in order to distinguish between it and [the adverbial noun] إِذَا: (Mughnee:) a particle, (S, Msb, Mughnee, TA,) accord. to the general opinion; and accord. to this opinion, it is a simple word, not compounded of إِذْ and أَنْ; and as being simple, it is that which renders an aor. mansoob, not أَنْ suppressed and meant to be understood after it: some say that it is a noun: (Mughnee:) [but a knowledge of its meaning is necessary to the understanding of the reason given for asserting it to be a noun.] It denotes a response, or reply, corroborating a condition; (Lth, T, TA;) or compensation, or the complement of a condition; (Msb;) or a response, or reply, (Sb, S, Mughnee, K,) in every instance; (TA;) and compensation, or the complement of a condition, (Sb, S, M, Mughnee, K,) though not always: (Mughnee, TA:) and its virtual meaning is [Then; i. e., in that case; or] if the case, or affair, be as thou hast mentioned, (M, K, TA,) or as has happened: (M, TA:) [and hence,] accord. to those who say that it is a noun, the original form of the phrase إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ [Then, or in that case, or if the case be so, I will treat thee with honour, said in reply to one who says “ I will come to thee,”] is إِذَا جِئْتَنِى أُكرِمُكَ [When thou shalt come to me, I will treat thee with honour]; then the proposition [جئتنى] is thrown out, and tenween [or ن] is substituted for it, (Mughnee,) for which reason, and to distinguish between it and [the adverbial] ن, the Koofees hold that it should be written with إِذَا, (Msb,) and أَنْ [preceded by يَجِبُ عَلَىَّ or the like] is suppressed and meant to be understood [as that which renders the aor. mansoob; so that when one says إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ, it is as though he said إِذَا جِئْتَنِى

When thou shalt come to me, it will be incumbent, or obligatory, on me to treat thee with honour]. (Mughnee.) It renders an aor. following it mansoob on certain conditions: (Mughnee, TA:) to have this effect, the aor. must have a future signification, (T, S, Mughnee, TA,) not present: (TA:) يَجِبُ عَلَىَّ أَنْ أُكُرِمَكَ must commence the phrase in which the aor. occurs; (Mughnee, TA;) [or, in other words,] the aor. must not be syntactically dependent upon what precedes اذا: (TA:) and there must be nothing intervening between اذا and the aor. , (T, Mughnee, TA,) unless it is a particle, (T,) or an oath, (T, Mughnee,) or the negative لَا: (Mughnee:) therefore, to a person who says, “To-night I will visit thee,” (S,) or who says, “I will come to thee,” (Mughnee,) you say, إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ [Then, or in that case, &c., I will treat thee with honour]; (T, S, Mughnee;) and to one who says, “I will treat thee with honour,”

you say, إِذًا أَجِيْئَكَ [Then, or if the case be so, I will come to thee]. (TA.) When the verb after اذن has the present signification, it does not govern: (S, Mughnee, TA:) therefore, to a person who says, “I love thee,” you say, إِذَنْ أَظُنُّكَ [Then, or if the case be so, I think thee veracious]; for this is a mere reply: (Mughnee:) and to one talking to thee, إِذًا أَظُنُّكَ كَاذبًا [Then I think thee to be lying]. (TA.) When it is put in a middle place, (S,) not commencing the phrase, (Mughnee,) the verb after it not being syntactically dependent upon what is before it, (S, TA,) it does not govern: (S, Mughnee, TA:) therefore, to one who says, “I will come to thee,” (Mughnee, TA,) you say, أَنَا إِذَنْ أُكْرِمُكَ [I, in that case, will treat thee with honour]: (S, Mughnee, TA:) for اذن among the words which govern verbs is likened to الظَّنُّ among those which govern nouns: (S:) and when it is put at the end, it does not govern; as when you say, أُكرِْمُكَ [I will treat thee with honour in that case]. (S.) The saying [of the poet, or rájiz], لَا تَتْرُكَنِّى فِيهِمُ شَطِيرَا

إِنِّى إِذًا أَهْلِكَ أَوْ أَطِيرَا is explained by regarding it as an instance of the suppression of the enunciative of إِنّ, so that the meaning is, إِنِّى لاَ أَقْدِرُ عَلَى ذٰلِكَ, and then a new phrase commences [wherefore the verse means Do not thou leave me among them remote, or a stranger: verily I cannot endure that: in that case I should perish, or I should flee]. (Mughnee.) When it is immediately preceded by a conjunction such as وَ or فَ, the aor. may be either marfooa or mansoob. (S, Mughnee.) When a noun is introduced between it and the aor. , the latter is marfooa, (T, Mughnee,) as in the saying, إِذَنْ أَخُوكَ يُكْرِمُكَ [Then, or in that case, thy brother will treat thee with honour], (T,) or إِذًا يَا عَبْدَ اللّٰهِ أُكُرِمُكَ [Then, or in that case, O ‘Abd-Allah, I will treat thee with honour]; but Ibn-'Osfoor allows the intervention of an adverbial noun [without annulling the government]; and Ibn-Bábshádh, that of the vocative, and of a prayer; and Ks and Hishám, that of a word governed by the verb; but Ks in this case prefers nasb; and Hishám, refa. (Mughnee.) When you put an oath in the place of the noun, you make the aor. mansoob, as in the saying, إِذًا وَ اللّٰهِ تَنَامَ [Then, or if the case be so, by God, thou wilt sleep]: but if you prefix ل to the verb with the oath, you make the aor. marfooa, saying, إذَنْ وَاللّٰهِ لَتَنْدَهُم [Then, or if the case be so, by God, assuredly thou wilt regret, or repent]. (T.) When you introduce a particle between it and the aor. , you make the latter either marfooa or mansoob, saying, إِذَنْ لَا أُكْرِمُكَ and لَا أُكُرِمَكَ [Then, or in that case, I will not treat thee with honour]. (T.) b2: Sometimes the ا is rejected, and they say, ذَنْ لَا أَفُعَلُ [Then, (a word exactly agreeing with ذَنْ in sound as well as in meaning,) or in that case, I will not do such a thing]. (M, K, * TA.) b3: IJ relates, on the authority of Khálid, that إِذًا is used in the dial. of Hudheyl for إِذًا. (M.) b4: إِذَنْ or إِذًا is mentioned and explained in the S and K and TA in art. اذن, and in the TA in باب الالف الليّنة also.]