جسم

1 جَسُمَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. جَسَامَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) He, or it, (a thing, S,) was, or became, great, or large: (S, K:) or so جَسِمَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. جَسَمٌ: and the former, it (a thing) was, or it, was, or became, great, big, or bulky: (Msb:) or he, or it, was, or became, great, or large, in body: (KL:) or he, or it, was, or became, corpulent; or corporeal, or bodied; as also ↓ تجسّم. (MA, PS.) 2 جسّم, inf. n. تَجْسِيمٌ, He, or it, made, or rendered, corporeal; or great, large, big, or bulky. (KL.) b2: [He made to be solid, or to have length and breadth and thickness.]5 تَجَسَّمَ see 1. b2: [Hence,] تجسّم فِى عَيْنِى كَذَا (tropical:) Such a thing assumed a form, or shape, [or an embodiment,] in my eye. (TA.) And تجسّم فُلَانٌ مِنَ الكَرَمِ (tropical:) [app. Such a one was, or became, an embodiment of generosity]. (TA.) And كَأَنَّهُ كَرَمٌ قَدْ تَجَسَّمَ (tropical:) [app. As though he were generosity embodied]. (TA.) A2: تجسّم فُلَانًا (tropical:) He chose such a one (S, K, TA) مِنْ بَيْنِ القَوْمِ [from among the people, or party], (S,) or مِنَ العَشِيرَةِ فَأَرْسَلَهُ [from the kinsfolk, or tribe, &c., and sent him]: (TA:) as though he directed his course, or aim, to, or towards, his جِسْم [or body]; like as you say, تَأَيَّيْتُهُ, meaning “ I directed my course, or aim, to, or towards, his آيَة, and his شَخْص. ” (S.) [See also 5 in art. جشم.] One says also, تَجَسَّمْهَا نَاقَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ قَانْحَرْهَا [Choose thou her, a she-camel from among the camels, and stick her]. (TA.) b2: تجسّم الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) He betook himself towards the land, or country, (S, K,) desiring to go thither. (S.) b3: تجسّم الرَّمْلَ, (S, K,) and الجَبَلَ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He mounted, or ascended, the greater part of the sand, (S, K,) and of the mountain. (S.) [See also 5 in art. جشم.] b4: تجسّم الأَمْرَ (tropical:) i. q. رَكِبَ مُعْظَمَهُ; (S, K, TA;) i. e., He ventured upon, embarked in, or undertook, the main part, or bulk, of the affair: (TK:) or he constrained himself to do it, or perform it; as also تجشّمهُ: (Aboo-Mihjen, Aboo-Turáb, TA:) or both these verbs signify he took it, or imposed it, upon himself, or he undertook it, in spite of difficulty or trouble or inconvenience. (Aboo-Turáb, TA in art. جشم.) You say also, فُلَانٌ

↓ يَتَجَسَّمَ المَجَاسِمَ and يَتَجَشَّمُ المَجَاشِمَ (tropical:) [app. meaning Such a one undertakes, in spite of difficulty or trouble or inconvenience, those things, or affairs, that are causes of difficulty or trouble or inconvenience; i. e., difficult, or troublesome, or inconvenient things or affairs: supposing the two nouns to be pls. of which the sings. are مَجْسَمَةٌ and مَجْشَمَةٌ, of the measure مَفْعَلَةٌ, like مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ and مَشَّقَةٌ (originally مَشْقَقَةٌ) &c.]. (TA.) جِسْمٌ The body, with the limbs or members; syn. جَسَدٌ; (Az, S, Msb;) as also ↓ جُسْمَانٌ and جُثْمَانٌ: (Az, S, Msb: *) or جِسْمٌ and ↓ جُسْمَانٌ are syn. with جَسَدٌ; (As, S;) or signify the whole body and limbs or members of a man, (K, and T and Msb in explanation of جسم,) and of a beast, a camel, and the like, (T, Msb,) and of any other species, (K,) of large make; (T, Msb, K;) and جُثْمَانٌ is syn. with شَخْصٌ [app. as meaning “ a person ”]; and ↓ جُسْمَانٌ signifies the whole جِسْم of a man: (As, S:) or جِسْمٌ signifies [a body, or material substance; a solid;] a thing having length and breadth and thickness; so that, when it is cut and divided, no portion thereof ceases to be a جِسْم; whereas a شَخْص [meaning “ a person ”] ceases to be a شَخْص by its being divided: (Er-Rághib, TA:) a thing that is capable of being divided in length and breadth and thickness is called جِسْمٌ طَبِيعِىٌّ, and also, because it is a subject of investigation, or inquiry, in instruction in the mathematical studies, جِسْمٌ تَعْلِيمِىٌّ: (KT:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْسَامٌ and [of mult] جُسُومٌ. (K.) You say, ثَابَ جِسْمُهُ, (M, A, K, in art. ثوب,) and أَثَابَ جِسْمُهُ, (IKt, M, ib.,) and ثَابَ إِلَيْهِ جِسْمُهُ, (T, M, A, ib.,) (tropical:) He became fat, after leanness; (A;) his good state of body returned to him; (M, K; *) his condition of body became good, after extenuation; and health, or soundness, thereof returned to him. (T.) And ↓ إِنَّهُ لَحَنِيفُ الجُسْمَانِ [Verily he is slender, spare, or lean, of body]. (TA.) b2: الأَجْسَامُ المُخْتَلِفَةُ الطَّبَائِعِ [The material substances of different natures; also called الأَجْسَامُ السَّبْعَةُ the seven material substances, and الفِلِذَاتُ; namely,] the عَنَاصِر [which are the four elements, fire, air, earth, and water,] and the three products composed of these, (KT,) which are minerals, vegetables, and animals. (Note in a copy of the KT.) الأَجْسَامُ الطَّبِيعِيَّهُ, as used by those who study to discover occult things, signifies The عَرْش and the كُرْسِىّ: and الأَجْسَامُ العُنْصُرِيَّةُ, everything beside these two, of the heavens and the [elements termed] أُسْطُقُسَات therein. (KT.) جِسْمِىٌّ Bodily, or corporeal.]

جِسْمِيَّةٌ Bodiliness, or corporeity.]

جُسْمَانٌ: see جِسْمٌ, in four places.

جُسْمَانِىٌّ: see جَسِيمٌ.

جُسَامٌ: see what next follows جَسِيمٌ Great; large; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ جُسَامٌ: (S, K:) big; bulky: (Msb:) fem. with ة: (K:) pl. جِسَامٌ (S, Msb) [and جُسُمٌ also, like as جُدُدٌ is pl. of جَدِيدٌ]: and corpulent, large in body, or big-bodied; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ جُسْمَانِىٌّ, applied to a man. (TA.) You say, هُوَ مِنْ جِسَامِ الأُمُورِ [It is one of great affairs or events]: and مِنْ جَسِيمَاتِ الخُطُوبِ [meaning the same, or of great afflictions or calamities]. (TA.) And جُسُمٌ [likewise, or أُمُورٌ جُسُمٌ,] signifies Great affairs or events. (TA.) جَسِيمُ الأَمْرِ signifies [also] The bulk, or the greater, main, principal, or chief, part, of the affair; and so الأَمْرِ ↓ أَجْسَمُ. (S.) b2: [The pl.] جُسُمٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Intelligent men. (TA.) b3: جَسِيمُ الأَرْضِ Elevated land over which water has risen: (K, * TA:) pl. جِسَامٌ. (K.) أَجْسَمُ Greater, larger, bigger, or bulkier; or greatest, largest, biggest, or bulkiest. (S, K.) See also جَسِيمٌ.

مَجَاسِمُ: see 5, last sentence.

ضد

1 ضَدَّهُ, (Az, K,) first Pers\. ضَدَدْتُهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. ضَدٌّ, He overcame him: (Az, L:) and also, (Az, L,) or ضَدَّهُ فِى الخُصُومَةِ, (K,) He overcame him in litigation, altercation, or contention. (Az, L, K.) b2: And ضَدَّهُ عَنْهُ He averted him; turned him, or sent him, away, or back; or caused him to return, or go back, or revert; from it: (L, K:) i. e., a thing, or an affair: (L:) and prevented, or hindered, him from doing it; (K;) by gentle means: (L, K:) as also صَدَّهُ: heard by Aboo-Turáb from Záïdeh. (L.) A2: ضَدَّ القِرْبَةِ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. ضَدٌّ, (AA, S,) He filled the water-skin. (S, K.) 3 ضادّهُ, (inf. n. مُضَادَّةٌ, Msb,) He, or it, was, or became, contrary, opposed, or repugnant, to him, or it; (AHeyth, S, * L, K;) said with respect to two men when one desires what is long, and the other, what is short; or one, darkness, and the other, light; or one, to pursue one course, and the other, to pursue another: (AHeyth, L:) or he, or it, was, or became, separated from him, or it, by contrariety, opposition, or repugnance: (Msb:) [or, accord. to the explanation of مُتَضَادَّانِ in the Msb, it was, or became inconsistent with it.]4 اضدّ He (a man, S) was, or became, angry. (S, K.) It is not, as some assert it to be, a quasi-pass. [of ضَدَّهُ], like as أَكَبَّ is of كَبَّهُ. (TA.) 6 تَضَاْدَّ [تضادّا They two were, or became, contrary, opposed, or repugnant, each to the other: or, accord. to the explanation of مُتَضَادَّانِ in the Msb, they two were, or became, inconsistent, each with the other.]

ضِدٌّ (S, L, Msb, K) and ↓ ضَدِيدٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ ضَدِيدَةٌ (Th, M) The contrary, or opposite, (AA, IAar, S, * M, Msb, K,) of a thing: (AA, Msb:) or ضِدُّ شَىْءٍ signifies that which is repugnant to a thing, so that it would overcome it; as black is to white, and death to life: (Lth, L:) [or, accord. to the explanation of مُتَضَادَّانِ in the Msb, that which is inconsistent with a thing:] pl. of the first أَضَدَادٌ. (S, Msb, &c.) One says also, هُوَ ضِدُّكَ and ↓ ضَدِيدُكَ He is contrary, or opposed, or repugnant, to thee; as when thou desirest what is long, and he, what is short; or thou, darkness, and he, light; or thou, to pursue one course, and he, to pursue another. (AHeyth, L.) And ضِدٌّ is sometimes a pl., (K,) or sometimes denotes a collective body; (Akh, S, L;) as in the phrase يَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدًّا, (S, L, K,) in the Kur [xix. 85], (S, L,) meaning They shall be adversaries, or enemies, to them: ('Ikrimeh, Jel:) or helpers against them. (Fr, Jel.) One says also, القَوْمُ عَلَىَّ ضِدٌّ وَاحِدٌ, meaning The people are assembled together against me in contention, or altercation, with me. (L.) b2: ضِدٌّ in lexicology signifies A kind of مُشْتَرَك [or homonym]; being a word that has two contrary meanings; as جَوْنٌ, which means both “ black ” and “ white; ” and جَلَلٌ, which means both “ great ” and “ small ” pl. as above. (Mz, 26th نوع.) [ضِدٌّ is itself a word of this kind, as is shown by what here follows.]

b3: Also, (AA, Th, S, L, Msb, K,) and ↓ ضَدِيدٌ, (S, L, K,) The like, or equal, (AA, Th, S, L, Msb, K,) of a thing. (AA, Msb.) Thus they have two contrary meanings. (K.) One says, لَا ضِدَّ لَهُ and لَهُ ↓ لَا ضَدِيدَ There is no like, or equal, to him, or it. (S, L.) And لَقِىَ القَوْمُ

أَضْدَادَهُمْ The people, or party, found, or met, their equals, or fellows. (L.) ضَدَدٌ: see ضَادٌّ.

ضَدِيدٌ: see ضَدٌّ, in four places.

ضَدِيدَةٌ: see ضِدٌّ, first sentence.

ضَادٌّ, or ↓ ضَادِدٌ and ↓ ضَدَدٌ One who fills vessels for people when they seek, or demand, water: pl. ضُدَدٌ, [which is anomalous,] on the authority of AA. (L.) ضَادِدٌ: see what next precedes.

هُمَا مُتَضَادَّانِ They two are contrary, opposed, or repugnant, each to the other: (S, * L, K:) or they two are inconsistent; or such as cannot be, or exist, together; as night and day. (Msb.)