امن

1 أَمِنَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْنٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and أَمَنٌ (M, K) and أَمَنَةٌ (T, S, M, K) and إِمْنَةٌ (T) and أَمَانٌ (M, K) [and app. أَمَانَةٌ, for it is said in the S that this is syn. with أَمَانٌ,] and آمنٌ, an instance of an inf. n. of the measure فَاعِلٌ, which is strange, (MF,) or this is a subst. like فَالِجٌ, (M,) He was, or became, or felt, secure, safe, or in a state of security or safety; originally, he was, or became, quiet, or tranquil, in heart, or mind; (Msb;) he was, or became, secure, or free from fear; أَمْنٌ signifying the contr. of خَوْفٌ, (S, M, K,) and so أَمَنَةٌ (S) and آمِنٌ [&c.]: (M, K:) he was, or became, or felt, free from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, he was, or became, easy in mind, and free from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) [See أَمْنٌ, below.] You say also, يَإْمَنُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ [He is secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself]. (M.) And أَمِنَ البَلَدُ, meaning The inhabitants of the country or district, or town, were in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) The verb is trans. by itself, and by means of the particle مِنْ; as in أَمَنَ زَيْدٌ الأَسَدَ and أَمِنَ مِنَ الأَسَدِ, meaning Zeyd was, or became, or felt, secure from, safe from, [or free from fear of,] the lion. (Msb.) You say also, أَمِنَ كَذِبَ مَنْ

أَخْبَرَهُ [He was secure from, or free from fear of, the lying of him who informed him]. (M.) And لَا آنَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذلِكَ [I am not free from fear of its being so; I am not sure but that it may be so]. (Mgh in art. نبذ; and other lexicons passim.) And, of a strong-made she camel, أَمِنَتْ

أَنْ تَكُونَ ضَعَيفَةً [She was secure from, or free from fear of, being weak]: (M: [in a copy of the S أُمِنَتْ:]) and أَمِنَتِ العِثَارَ وَالإَعْيَآءٍ [ She was secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded]: (M:) and أُمِنَ عِثَارُهَا [Her stumbling was not feared]. (So in a copy of the S.) And, of a highly-prized camel, أُمِنَ أَنْ يُنْحَرَ [It was not feared that he would be slaughtered; or his being slaughtered was not feared]. (M.) [أَمنَهُ sometimes means He was, or became, free from fear, though having cause for fear, of him, or it. i. e. he thought himself secure, or safe, from him or it. (See Kur vii. 97.)] b2: أمِنَهُ (inf. n. أَمْنٌ TK) [and accord. to some copies of the K ↓ آمَنَهُ] and ↓ أمّنهُ (inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ K) and ↓ ائتمنهُ ([written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَنَهُ, and] also written اِتَّمَنَهُ, on the authority of Th, which is extr., like اِتَّهَلَ [&c.], M) and ↓ استأمنهُ all signify the same (M, K, TA) [He trusted, or confided, in him; (as also آمن بِهِ, q. v.;) he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge; he gave him charge over a thing or person: these meanings are vaguely indicated in the M and K and TA.]. You say, يَأْمَنُهُ النَّاسُ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ غَائِلَتَهُ [Men, or people, trust, or confide, in him, and do not fear his malevolence, or mischievousness]. (T, M.) and أَمِنَهُ عَلَى كَذَا (S, Mgh, * Msb *) and ↓ ائتمنهُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, Msb, K,) [He trusted, or confided, in him with respect to such a thing; he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge, over it; he gave him charge over it;] he made him, or took him as, أَمِين over such a thing. (Mgh.) Hence, in a trad., the مُؤَذِّن is said to be مُؤْتَمَنٌ; i. e. النَّاسُ عَلَ الأَوْقَاتِ الَّتِى يُؤَذَّنُ فِيهَا ↓ يَأْتَمِنُهُ [Men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer], and know, by his calling to prayer, what they are commanded to do, as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [xii. 11], مَا لَكَ لَا تَأْمَنُنَا عَلَى يُوسُفَ and [تَأْمَنَّا] with idghám [i. e. What aileth thee that thou dost not trust, or confide, in us with respect to Joseph? or, that thou dost not give us charge over Joseph?]; (S;) meaning, why dost thou fear us for him? (Bd;) some pronouncing the verb in a manner between those of the former and the latter modes of writing it; but Akh says that the latter is better: (S:) some read تِيمَنَّا. (Bd.) You say also, ↓ اُوتُمِنَ فُلَانٌ [Such a one was trusted, or confided, in &c.;] when it begins a sentence, changing the second ء into و; in like manner as you change it into ى when the first is with kesr, as in اِيتَمَنَهُ; and into ا when the first is with fet-h, as in آمَنَ. (S.) The phrase أَمَانَةً ↓ اُوتُمِنَ, in a saying of Mohammad, if it be not correctly عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ, may be explained as implying the meaning of اُسْتُحْفِظَ أَمَانَةً [He was asked to take care of a deposite; or he was intrusted with it]. (Mgh.) [You also say, أَمِنَهُ بِكَذَا, meaning He intrusted him with such a thing; as, for instance, money or other property: see two exs. in the Kur iii. 68.]

A2: أَمُنَ, (M, Mgh, K,) or أَمِنَ, (Msb,) inf. n. أَمَانَةٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) He was, or became, trusted in, or confided in: (M, K:) or he was, or became, trusty, trustworthy, trustful, confidential, or faithful: said of a man. (Mgh.) 2 أمّنهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ: see 4: b2: and see also أَمِنَهُ.

A2: أمّن, inf. n. as above, also signifies He said آمِينَ or أَمِينَ, (T, S, Msb,) after finishing the Fátihah, (T,) or عَلَي الدُّعَآءِ on the occasion of the prayer, or supplication. (Msb.) 4 آمَنَ is originally أَأْمَنَ; the second ء being softened. (S.) You say, آمنهُ, [inf. n. إِيمَانٌ;] (S, M, Msb;) and ↓ أمّنهُ, [inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ;] (M, TA;) meaning He rendered him secure, or safe; (Msb;) he rendered him secure, or free from fear; (S, M, TA;) contr. of أَخَافهُ: (TA:) so in آمَنْتُهُ مِنْهُ I rendered him secure, or safe, from him, or it. (Msb.) And of God you say, آمَنَ عِبادَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَظْلِمَهُمْ [He hath rendered his servants secure from his wronging them]. (S.) And يُؤْمِنُ عِبَادَهُ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ [ He rendereth his servants secure from his punishment]. (M.) You say also, آمَنْتُ الأَسِيرَ, meaning I gave, or granted, الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter,] to the captive. (Msb.) And آمَنَ فُلَانٌ الَعَدُوَّ [Such a one granted security, &c., to the enemy], inf. n. as above. (T.) It is said in the Kur ch. ix. [verse 12], accord. to one reading, لَا إِيمَانَ لَهُمْ They have not the attribute of granting protection; meaning that when they grant protection, they do not fulfil their engagement to protect. (T.) A2: إِيمَانٌ also signifies The believing [a thing, or in a thing, and particularly in God]; syn. تَصْدِيقٌ; (T, S, &c.;) by common consent of the lexicologists and other men of science: (T:) its primary meaning is the becoming true to the trust with respect to which God has confided in one, by a firm believing with the heart; not by profession of belief with the tongue only, without the assent of the heart; for he who does not firmly believe with his heart is either a hypocrite or an ignorant person. (T, TA.) Its verb is intrans. and trans. (TA, from a Commentary on the Mutowwal.) You say, آمَنَ, meaning He believed. (T.) and it is said to be trans. by itself, like صَدَّقَ; and by means of بِ, considered as meaning اِعْتِرَافٌ [or acknowledgment]; and by means of لِ, considered as meaning إِذْعَانٌ [or submission]. (TA.) [Thus] you say, [آمنهُ and] آمن بِهِ, (inf. n. إِيمَانٌ, T, K,) namely, a thing. (T, M.) And آمن بِاللّٰهِ He believed in God. (T.) It seems to be meant by what is said in the Ksh [in ii. 2], that آمن بِهِ [or آمَنَهُ] properly signifies آمَنَهُ التَّكْذِيبَ [He rendered him secure from being charged with lying, or falsehood]; and that the meaning he believed him or in him, is tropical; but this is at variance with what its author says in the A; and Es-Saad says that this latter meaning is proper. (TA.) The phrase in the Kur [ix. 61], وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمؤْمِنِينَ, accord. to Th, means And he believeth the believers; giveth credit to them. (M.) b2: Sometimes it is employed to signify The acknowledging with the tongue only; and hence, in the Kur [lxiii. 3], ذلِكَ بأَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا That is because they acknowledged with the tongue, then disacknowledged with the heart. (TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The trusting, or confiding, or having trust or confidence. (M, K.) [You say, آمن بِهِ, meaning He trusted, or confided, in him, or it: for] the verb of ايمان in this sense is trans. by means of بِ without implication; as Bd says. (TA.) [And it is also trans. by itself: for] you say, مَا آمَنَ أَنْ يَجِدَ صَحَابَةً, meaning (tropical:) He trusted not that he would find companions; (M, * K, * TA;) said of one who has formed the intention of journeying: or the meaning is مَا كَادَ [i. e. he hardly, or scarcely, found &c.; or he was not near to finding &c.]. (M, K.) See also أَمِنَهُ. b4: Also The manifesting humility or submission, and the accepting the Law, (Zj, T, * K,) and that which the Prophet has said or done, and the firm believing thereof with the heart; (Zj, T, M;) without which firm belief, the manifesting of humility or submission, and the accepting that which the Prophet has said or done, is termed إِسْلَامٌ, for which one's blood is to be spared. (T.) [In this sense, it is trans. by means of لِ, accord. to some, as shown above; or by means of بِ, for, accord. to Fei,] you say, آمَنْتُ بِاللّٰهِ, inf. n. as above, meaning I submitted, or resigned, myself to God. (Msb.) [There are numerous other explanations which it is needless to give, differing according to different persuasions. b5: See also إِيمَان below.]8 إِاْتَمَنَ see 1, in five places.10 استأمنهُ He asked, or demanded, of him الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]. (T, * Msb, TA.) b2: See also أَمِنَهُ. b3: استأمن إِلَيْهِ He entered within the pale of his أمَان [or protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) أَمْنٌ [an inf. n. of أَمِنِ: as a simple subst. it signifies Security, or safety: (see أَمِنَ:) or] security as meaning freedom from fear; contr. of خَوْفٌ; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ (M, K) and ↓ أَمَنَهُ (S, M, K) [and ↓ إِمْنَةٌ (see أَمِنَ)] and ↓ أَمَانٌ and ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, K,) which last is an inf. n. of أَمِنَ [like the rest], (MF,) or a subst. like فَالِجٌ; (M;) and ↓ أَمَانَةٌ is syn. with أَمَانٌ, (S,) both of these signifying security, or safety, and freedom from fear: (PS:) or أَمْنٌ signifies freedom from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, ease of mind, and freedom from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) You say, أَنْتَ فِى أَمْنٍ [Thou art in a state of security], (T, M,) مِنْ ذَاكَ [from that]; and ↓ فى أَمَانٍ signifies the same; (T;) and so ↓ فى آمِنٍ. (M.) And نُعَاسًا ↓ أَمَنَةً, in the Kur [iii. 148], means Security (أَمْنًا) [and slumber]. (S.) ↓ أَمَانٌ also signifies Protection, or safeguard: and [very frequently] a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety; indemnity; or quarter: in Pers\. پَنَاهْ and زِنْهَارٌ: (KL:) syn. إِلُّ. (K in art. ال.) Yousay, ↓ دَخَلَ فِى أَمَانِهِ [He entered within the pale of his protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) [and اللّٰهِ ↓ كُنٌ فِى أَمَانِ Be thou in the protection, or safeguard, of God.] And ↓ أَعْطَيْتُهُ الأَمَانَ [I gave, or granted, to him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]; namely, a captive. (Msb.) And طَلَبَ

↓ مِنْهُ الأَمَانَ [He asked, or demanded, of him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, &c., as in the next preceding ex.]. (Msb, TA.) b2: أَمْنًا in the Kur ii. 119 means ذَا أَمْن [Possessed of security or safety]: (Aboo-Is-hák, M:) or مَوْضِعَ أَمْنٍ [a place of security or safety; like مَأْمَنًا]. (Bd.) b3: See also آمِنٌ. b4: You say also, مَا أَحْسَنَ أَمْنَكَ, and ↓ أَمَنَكَ, meaning How good is thy religion! and thy natural disposition! (M, K.) إِمْنٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أَمَنٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first and last sentences.

أَمِنٌ: see آمِنٌ. b2: Also, (K, [there said to be like كَتِفٌ,]) or ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, [so written in a copy of that work,)] Asking, or demanding, or seeking, protection, in order to be secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself: (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) إِمْنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أمَنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in two places: b2: and see also أَمَانَةٌ.

A2: Also A man who trusts, or confides, in every one; (T, S, M;) and so ↓ أُمَنَةٌ: (S:) and who believes in everything that he hears; who disbelieves in nothing: (Lh, T:) or in whom men, or people, trust, or confide, and whose malevolence, or mischievousness, they do not fear: (T, M:) and ↓ أُمَنَةٌ signifies trusted in, or confided in; [like أَمِينٌ;] and by rule should be أُمْنَةٌ, because it has the meaning of a pass. part. n. [like لُعْنَةٌ and ضُحْكَةٌ and لُقْطَلةٌ &c. (see لَقَطٌ)]: (M:) or both signify one in whom every one trusts, or confides, in, or with respect to, everything. (K.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ.

أُمَنَةٌ: see أَمَنَةٌ, in two places.

أَمَانٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in seven places.

أَمُونٌ, applied to a she camel, of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, like عَصُوبٌ and حَلُوبٌ, (tropical:) Trusted, or confided, in; (T;) firmly, compactly, or strongly, made; (T, S, M, K;) secure from, or free from fear of, being weak: (S, M:) also, that is secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded: (M:) or strong, so that her becoming languid is not feared: (A, TA:) pl. أُمُنٌ. (M, K.) [See also what next follows.]

أَمينٌ Trusted; trusted in; confided in; (T, * S, * M, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ أُمَّانٌ; (S, M, K;) i. q. ↓ مَأْمُونٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ: (ISk, T, K:) [a person in whom one trusts or confides; a confidant; a person intrusted with, or to whom is confided, power, authority, control, or a charge, عَلَى شَىْءٍ over a thing; a person intrusted with an affair, or with affairs, i. e., with the management, or disposal, thereof; a confidential agent, or superintendent; a commissioner; a commissary; a trustee; a depositary;] a guardian: (TA:) trusty; trustworthy; trustful; confidential; faithful: (Mgh, Msb: *) pl. أُمَنَآءُ, and, accord. to some, ↓ أَمَنَةٌ, as in a trad. in which it is said, أَصْحَابِى أَمَنَةٌ لِأُمَّتِى, meaning My companions are guardians to my people: or, accord. to others, this is pl. of ↓ آمِنٌ [app. in a sense mentioned below in this paragraph, so that the meaning in this trad. is my companions are persons who accord trust, or confidence, to my people]. (TA.) Hence, أَلَمْ تَعْلَمِى يَا أَسْمَ وَيْحَكِ أَنَّنِى

حَلَفْتُ يَمِينًا لَا أَخُونُ أَمِينِى

[Knowest thou not, O Asmà (أَسْمَآء, curtailed for the sake of the metre), mercy on thee! or woe to thee! that I have sworn an oath that I will not act treacherously to him in whom I trust?] i. e. ↓ مَأْمُونِى: (S:) or the meaning here is, him who trusts, or confides, in me; (ISk, T;) [i. e.] it is here syn. with ↓ آمِنِى. (M.) [Hence also,] الأَمِينُ فِى القِمَارِ, (K voce مُجُمِدٌ, &c.,) or أَمِينُ, القِمَارِ, [The person who is intrusted, as deputy, with the disposal of the arrows in the game called المَيْسِر; or] he who shuffles the arrows; الَّذِى.

يَضْرِبُ بِالقِدَاحِ. (EM p. 105.) [Hence also,] الرُّوحُ الأَمِينُ [The Trusted, or Trusty, Spirit]; (Kur xxvi. 193;) applied to Gabriel, because he is intrusted with the revelation of God. (Bd.) ↓ أُمَّانٌ, mentioned above, and occurring in a verse of El-Aashà, applied to a merchant, is said by some to mean Possessed of religion and excellence. (M.) ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ is applied, in a trad., to the مُؤَذِّن, as meaning that men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer, and know by his call what they are commanded to do as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) المُعَامَلَةِ ↓ هُوَ مَأْمُونُ means He is [trusty, or trustworthy, in dealing with others; or] free from exorbitance and deceit or artifice or craft to be feared. (Msb.) b2: An aid, or assistant; syn. عَوْنٌ [here app. meaning, as it often does, an armed attendant, or a guard]; because one trusts in his strength, and is without fear of his being weak. (M.) b3: (assumed tropical:) The strong; syn. قَوِىٌّ. (K, TA: [in the latter of which is given the same reason for this signification as is given in the M for that of عون; for which قوى may be a mistranscription; but see أَمُونٌ.]) b4: One who trusts, or confides, in another; (ISk, T, K;) [as also ↓ آمِنٌ, of which see an ex. voce حَذِرٌ;] so accord. to ISk in the verse cited above in this paragraph: (T:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) b5: See also آمِنٌ, in five places.

A2: And see آمِينَ.

أَمَانَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first sentence. b2: Trustiness; trustworthiness; trustfulness; faithfulness; fidelity; (M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ أَمَنَةٌ. (M, K.) أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ [for أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ قَسَمِي or مَا أُقْسِمُ The faithfulness of God is my oath or that by which I swear] is composed of an inf. n. prefixed to the agent, and the former is in the nom. case as an inchoative; the phrase being like لَعَمْرُ اللّٰهِ, as meaning an oath; and the enunciative being suppressed, and meant to be understood: accord. to some, you say, أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ [app. for نَشَدْتُكَ أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ I adjure thee, or conjure thee, by the faithfulness of God, or the like], making it to be governed in the accus. case by the verb which is to be understood: and some correctly say, وَأَمَانَةِ اللّٰهِ [By the faithfulness of God], with the و which denotes an oath: (Mgh:) or this last is an oath accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh; but Esh-Sháfi'ee does not reckon it as such: and it is forbidden in a trad. to swear by الأَمَانَة; app. because it is not one of the names of God. (TA.) [Or these phrases may have been used, in the manner of an oath, agreeably with explanations here following.]

A2: A thing committed to the trust and care of a person; a trust; a deposite; (Mgh, Msb;) and the like: (Msb:) property committed to trust and care: (TA:) pl. أَمَانَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [viii. 27], وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ [Nor be ye unfaithful to the trusts committed to you]. (Mgh.) And in the same [xxxiii. 72], إِنَّا عَرَضْنَاالأَمَانَةَ عَلَى

السّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِوَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ [Verily we proposed, or offered, the trust which we have committed to man to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and (accord. to explanations of Bd and others) they refused to take it upon themselves, or to accept it, and they feared it, but man took it upon himself, or accepted it: or, (accord. to another explanation of Bd, also given in the T, and in the K in art. حمل, &c.,) they refused to be unfaithful to it, and they feared it, but man was unfaithful to it: but in explaining what this trust was, authors greatly differ: accord. to some,] الامانة here means obedience; so called because the rendering thereof is incumbent: or the obedience which includes that which is natural and that which depends upon the will: [for] it is said that when God created these [celestial and terrestrial] bodies, He created in them understanding: or it may here [and in some other instances] mean reason, or intellect: [and the faculty of volition: and app. conscience: these being trusts committed to us by God, to be faithfully employed: (see an ex. voce جَذْرٌ:)] and the imposition of a task or duty or of tasks or duties [app. combined with reason or intellect, which is necessary for the performance thereof]: (Bd:) or it here means prayers and other duties for the performance of which there is recompense and for the neglect of which there is punishment: (Jel:) or, accord. to I'Ab and Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr, (T,) the obligatory statutes which God has imposed upon his servants: (T, K: *) or, (T, K,) accord. to Ibn-'Omar, [the choice between] obedience and disobedience was offered to Adam, and he was informed of the recompense of obedience and the punishment of disobedience: but, in my opinion, he says, (T,) it here means the intention which one holds in the heart, (T, K,) with respect to the belief which he professes with the tongue, and with respect to all the obligatory statutes which he externally fulfils; (K;) because God has confided to him power over it, and not manifested it to any [other] of his creatures, so that he who conceives in his mind, with respect to the acknowledgment of the unity of God, (T, K,) and with respect to belief [in general], (T,) the like of that which he professes, he fulfils the امانة [or trust], (T, K,) and he who conceives in his mind disbelief while he professes belief with the tongue is unfaithful thereto, and every one who is unfaithful to that which is confided to him is [termed] حَامِلٌ, (T,) or حَامِلُ الأَمَانَةِ, and مُحْتَمِلُهَا: (Bd:) and by الإِنْسَانُ is here meant the doubting disbeliever. (T.) b2: Also, [as being a trust committed to him by God, A man's] family, or household; syn. أَهْلٌ. (TA.) أُمَّانٌ: see أَمينٌ, in two places.

A2: Also One who does not write; as though he were (كَأَنَّهُ [in the CK لاَنَّهُ because he is]) an أُمِّى. (K, TA.) [But this belongs to art. ام; being of the measure فُعْلَانٌ, like عُرْيَانٌ.] b2: And A sower, or cultivator of land; [perhaps meaning a clown, or boor;] syn. زَرَّاعٌ: (CK:) or sowers, or cultivators of land; syn. زُرَّاعٌ: (K, TA:) in one copy of the K زِرَاع. (TA.) آمِنٌ Secure, safe, or free from fear; as also ↓ أَمِينٌ (Lh, T, * S, * M, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xcv. 3], ↓ وَهذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ [And this secure town]; (Akh, Lh, T, S, M;) meaning Mekkeh. (M.) بَلَدٌ آمِنٌ and ↓ أَمِينٌ means A town, or country, or district, of which the inhabitants are in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) It is also said in the Kur [xliv. 51], ↓ إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي مَقَامٍ أَمِينٍ, meaning [Verily the pious shall be in an abode] wherein they shall be secure from the accidents, or casualties, of fortune. (M.) [And hence,] ↓ الأَمِينُ is one of the epithets applied to God, (Mgh, K,) on the authority of El-Hasan; (Mgh;) an assertion requiring consideration: it may mean He who is secure with respect to the accidents, or casualties, of fortune: but see المُؤْمِنُ, which is [well known as] an epithet applied to God. (TA.) آمِنُ المَالِ means What is secure from being slaughtered, of the camels, because of its being highly prized; by المال being meant الإِبِل: or, as some say, (tropical:) what is highly esteemed, of property of any kind; as though, if it had intellect, it would feel secure from being exchanged. (M.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ مِنْ آمِنِ مَالِي, (K, TA, [in the CK آمَنِ,]) meaning (tropical:) I gave him of the choice, or best, of my property; of what was highly esteemed thereof; (K, TA;) and مَالِى ↓ مِنْ أَمْنِ which Az explains as meaning of the choice, or best, of my property. (TA: [in which is given a verse cited by ISk showing that أَمْن, thus used, is not a mistranscription for آمِن.]) And آمِنُ الحِلْمِ means Steadfast in forbearance or clemency; of whose becoming disordered in temper, and free from self-restraint, there is no fear. (M.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ, in three places: b3: and see اَمِنٌ.

A2: See also أَمِينٌ, in two places.

آمِينَ [in the CK, erroneously, آمِينُ] and ↓ أَمِينَ; (Th, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) both chaste and well known, (TA,) the latter of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Msb, TA,) as some say, (TA,) [and this, though the less common, is the original form, for] the medd in the former is only to give fulness of sound to the fet-hah of the أ, (Th, M, Msb, TA,) as is shown by the fact that there is no word in the Arabic language of the measure فَاعِيلٌ; (Msb, TA;) and some pronounce the former آمِّينَ, (K,) which is said by some of the learned to be a dial. var., (Msb,) but this is a mistake, (S, Msb,) accord. to authorities of good repute, and is one of old date, originating from an assertion of Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, [i. e. Th,] that آمِينَ is like عَاصِينَ, by which he was falsely supposed to mean its having the form of a pl., [and being consequently آمِّينَ,] (Msb, [and part of this is said in the M,]) whereas he thereby only meant that the م is without teshdeed, like the ص in عَاصِينَ; (M;) beside that the sense of قَاصِدِينَ [which is that of آمِّينَ, from أَمَّ,] would be inconsistent after the last phrase of the first chapter of the Kur [where آمينَ is usually added]; (Msb;) and sometimes it is pronounced with imáleh, [i. e. “émeena,”] as is said by ElWáhidee in the Beseet; (K;) but this is unknown in works on lexicology, and is said to be a mispronunciation of some of the Arabs of the desert of El-Yemen: (MF:) each form is indecl., (S,) with fet-h for its termination, like أَيْنَ and كَيْفَ, to prevent the occurrence of two quiescent letters together: (T, S, TA:) it is a word used immediately after a prayer, or supplication: (S, * M:) [it is best expressed, when occurring in a translation, by the familiar Hebrew equivalent Amen:] El-Fárisee says that it is a compound of a verb and a noun; (M;) meaning answer Thou me; [i. e. answer Thou my prayer;] (M, Mgh;*) or O God, answer Thou: (Zj, T, Msb, K:) or so be it: (AHát, S, Msb, K:) or so do Thou, (K, TA,) O Lord: (TA:) it is strangely asserted by some of the learned, that, after the Fátihah, [or Opening Chapter of the Kur-án,] it is a prayer which implies all that is prayed for in detail in the Fátihah: so in the Towsheeh: (MF:) or it is one of the names of God: (M, Msb, K:) so says El-Hasan (M, Msb) El-Basree: (Msb:) but the assertion that it is for يَا اَللّٰهُ [O God], and that اسْتَجِبٌ [answer Thou] is meant to be understood, is not correct accord. to the lexicologists; for, were it so, it would be with refa, not nasb. (T.) إِيمَانٌ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: Used as a simple subst., Belief; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faith: trust, or confidence: &c.] b3: Sometimes it means Prayer; syn. صَلَاةٌ: as in the Kur [ii. 138], where it is said, وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيَمانَكُمْ, (Bd, Jel, TA,) i. e. [God will not make to be lost] your prayer towards Jerusalem, (Bd, * Jel,) as some explain it. (Bd.) b4: Sometimes, also, it is used as meaning The law brought by the Prophet. (Er-Rághib, TA.) مَأْمَنٌ A place of security or safety or freedom from fear; or where one feels secure. (M, TA.) مُؤْمَنٌ pass. part. n. of آمَنَهُ. (T.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 96], accord. to one reading, (T, M,) that of Aboo-Jaafar El-Medenee, (T,) لَسْتَ مُؤْمَنًا [Thou art not granted security, or safety, &c.; or] we will not grant thee security, &c. (T, M.) مُؤْمِنٌ [act. part. n. of 4; Rendering secure, &c.]. المُؤْمِنُ is an epithet applied to God; meaning He who rendereth mankind secure from his wronging them: (T, S:) or He who rendereth his servants secure from his punishment: (M, IAth:) i. q. المُهَيْمِنُ, (M,) which is originally المُؤَأْمِنُ; [for the form مُفْعِلٌ is originally مُؤَفْعِلٌ;] the second ء being softened, and changed into ى, and the first being changed into ه: (S:) or the Believer of his servants (Th, M, TA) the Muslims, on the day of resurrection, when the nations shall be interrogated respecting the messages of their apostles: (TA:) or He who will faithfully perform to his servants what He hath promised them: (T, TA:) or He who hath declared in his word the truth of his unity. (T.) b2: [Also Believing, or a believer; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faithful: trusting, or confiding: &c.: see 4.]

مَأْمُونٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in three places. b2: مَأْمُونَةٌ A woman whose like is sought after and eagerly retained because of her valuable qualities. (M.) مَأْمُونِيَّةٌ A certain kind of food; so called in relation to El-Ma-moon. (TA.) مُؤْتَمَنٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in two places.

امر

1 أَمَرَهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, &c.,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمَارٌ, (M, L, K,) which latter, however, is disapproved by MF, (TA,) and إِيمَارٌ is syn. therewith, (K,) but this also is disapproved by MF, and deemed by him strange, [being by rule the inf. n. of ↓ آمَرَهُ, respecting which see what follows,] (TA,) and آمِرَةٌ, (M, K,) which is one of the inf. ns. [or quasiinf. ns.] of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, like عَافِيَةٌ and عَاقِبَةٌ, (M,) He commanded him; ordered him; bade him; enjoined him; the inf. n. signifying the contr. of نَهْىٌ; (T, M, K;) as also ↓ آمرهُ, (Kr, M, K,) mentioned by A'Obeyd also as a dial. var. of أمَرَهُ: (Msb:) but A'Obeyd says that آمَرْتُهُ and أَمرْتُهُ are syn. [in a sense different from that explained above, i. e.] as meaning كَثَّرْتُهُ. (TA.) You say, أَمَرَهُ بِهِ, (S, M, K,) and أَمَرَهُ إِيَّاهُ, suppressing the prep., (M,) He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do it. (M, K.) And أمَرْتُكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ, and لِتَفْعَلَ, and بِأنْ تَفْعَلَ, I commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, thee to do [such a thing]. (M.) [And أَمَرَهُ بِكَذَا as meaning He commanded him, or ordered him, to make use of such a thing; or the like: whence, in a trad.,] أُمِرْتُ بِالسِّوَاكِ [I have been commanded to make use of the tooth-stick]. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer.) [And He enjoined him such a thing; as, for instance, patience.] The imperative of أَمَرَ is مُرْ; originally اؤْمُرْ; which also occurs [with وَ in the place of ؤ when the ا is pronounced with damm]: (M:) but [generally] when it is not preceded by a conjunction, (Msb,) i. e., by وَ or فَ, (T,) you suppress the ء, [i. e. the radical ء, and with it the conjunctive ا preceding it,] contr. to rule, and say, مُرْهُ بِكَذَا [Command, or order, or bid, or enjoin, thou him to do such a thing]; like as you say, كُلْ and خُذْ: when, however, it is preceded by a conjunction, the practice commonly obtaining is, to restore the وَأْمُرْ بِكَذَا, agreeably with analogy, and thus to say, أَمُرْ بِكَذَا. (Msb.) b2: [You say also, أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ He gave an order respecting him, and accordingly he was slain. And أَمَرَ لَهُ بِكَذَا He ordered that such a thing should be done, or given, to him.] b3: In the Kur [xvii. 17], أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهَا, so accord. to most of the readers, (T, &c.,) means We commanded [its luxurious inhabitants] to obey, but they transgressed therein, or departed from the right way, or disobeyed: (Fr, T, S, &c.:) so says Aboo-Is-hák; adding that, although one says, أَمَرتُ زَيْدًا فَضَرَبَ عَمْرًا, meaning I commanded Zeyd to beat 'Amr, and he beat him, yet one also says, أَمَرْتُكَ فَعَصَيْتَنِى [I commanded thee, but thou disobeyedst me]: or, accord. to some, the meaning is, We multiplied its luxurious inhabitants; (T;) and this is agreeable with another reading, namely, ↓ آمَرْنَا; (TA;) and a reading of El-Hasan, namely, أَمِرْنَا, like عَلِمْنَا, may be a dial. var., of the same signification: (M:) see 4, in two places: or it may be from الإِمَارَةُ; (S, TA;) [in which case it seems that we should read ↓ أَمَّرْنَا; or, perhaps, أَمَرْنَا: see 2:] Abu-l-'Áliyeh reads ↓ أَمَّرْنَا, and this is agreeable with the explanation of I'Ab, who says that the meaning is, We made its chiefs to have authority, power, or dominion. (TA.) b4: أَمَرَهُ, aor. ـُ also signifies He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do that which it behooved him to do. (A.) [He counselled, or advised, him.] One says, مُرْنِى, meaning Counsel thou me; advise thou me. (A.) b5: أَمَرَ بِاقْتِنَاصٍ, said of a wild animal, means He rendered the beholder desirous of capturing him. (M.) A2: أَمَرَ, (As, Fr, Th, T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA;) and أَمُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, IKtt, K;) and أَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (M, K, and several other authorities; but by some this is disallowed; TA;) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (K) and إِمْرَةٌ (S) and إِمَارَةٌ; (As, T, S;) or the second is a simple subst.; (K;) or perhaps it is meant in the S that this and the third are quasi-inf. ns.; (MF;) He had, or held, command; he presided as a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, Msb, K;) he became an أَمِير; (As, T, S;) عَلَى

القَوْمِ over the people. (M, * Msb, K.) [See also 5.]

أَمَرَ فُلَانٌ وَأُمِرَ عَلَيْهِ, or عليه ↓ وأُمِّرَ, (as in different copies of the S,) [Such a one has held command and been commanded,] is said of one who has been a commander, or governor, after having been a subject of a commander, or governor; meaning such a one is a person of experience; or one who has been tried, or proved and strengthened, by experience. (S.) A3: أَمَرَهُ as syn. with آمَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: أَمِرَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمَرٌ and أَمْرَة; (M, K, TA; the latter written in the CK اَمْرَة;) and أمُرَ, aor. ـَ (IKtt;) (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, M, Msb, or a man's property, or camels or the like, Abu-l-Hasan and S, and a people, T, S) multiplied; or became many, or much, or abundant; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) and became complete. (M, K.) b2: And the former, (assumed tropical:) His beasts multiplied; or became many; (M, K;) [ as also ↓ آمر; for you say,] بَنُو فُلَانٍ ↓ آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ, (assumed tropical:) The property, or camels or the like, of the sons of such a one multiplied; or became many, or abundant. (M.) A5: أَمِرَ الأَمْرُ, (Akh, S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. أَمَرٌ, (Akh, S,) (assumed tropical:) The affair, or case, (i. e., a man's affair, or case, Akh, S,) became severe, distressful, grievous, or afflictive. (Akh, S, K.) 2 أمّرهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِيرٌ, He made him, or appointed him, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king. (S, * Mgh, Msb.) [And it seems to be indicated in the S that ↓ أَمَرَهُ, without teshdeed, signifies the same.] See 1, in three places. Yousay also, أُمِّرَعَلَيْنَا (A, TA) He was made, or appointed, commander, &c., over us. (TA.) b2: Also He appointed him judge, or umpire. (Mgh.) b3: أمّر القَنَاةَ (assumed tropical:) He affixed a spear-head to the cane or spear. (T, M.) [See also the pass. part. n., below.] b4: أمّرأَمَارَةٍ He made [a thing] a sign, or mark, to show the way. (T.) 3 آمرهُ فِي أَمْرِهِ, (T, * S, M, Msb,) inf. n. مُؤَامَرَةٌ, (S, K,) He consulted him respecting his affair, or case; (T, * S, M, Msb, K, * TA;) as also وَامَرَهُ; (TA;) or this is not a chaste form; (IAth, TA;) or it is vulgar; (S, TA;) and ↓ استأمرهُ, (M,) inf. n. اسْتِئْمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ ائتمرهُ, (T,) inf. n. ائتِمَارٌ. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., آمِرُوا النِّسَآءَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ Consult ye women respecting themselves, as to marrying them. (TA.) And in another trad., آمَرَتْ نَفْسَهَا, meaning She consulted herself, or her mind; as also ↓ استأمرت نفسها. (TA.) [See another ex. voce نَفْسٌ. and see also 8.]4 آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ: see 1, last sentence but one, in two places.

A2: آمْرٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ أَمَرَهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to some, (M,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ; (Msb;) both signifying the same accord. to AO, (S,) or A 'Obeyd, (TA,) but the latter is of weak authority, (K,) or is not allowable; (M;) and, accord. to El-Hasan's reading of xvii. 17 of the Kur, (see 1,) ↓ أَمِرَهُ also; (M;) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) multiplied it; or made it many, or much, or abundant: (S, Msb:) He (God) multiplied, or made many or much or abundant, his progeny, and his beasts: (M, K:) and آمر مَالَهُ (assumed tropical:) He (God) multiplied, &c., his property, or camels or the like. (S.) A3: See also 1, first sentence, in two places.5 تأمّر He became made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (Msb;) he received authority, power, or dominion; عَلَيْهِمْ over them. (S, K.) [See also أَمَرَ.] b2: See also 8.6 تَاَاْمَرَ see 8, in three places.8 ائتمر [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَرَ] He obeyed, or conformed to, a command; (S, * M, Mgh, K; *) he heard and obeyed. (Msb.) You say, ائتمر بِخَيْرٍ, meaning He was as though his mind commanded him to do good and he obeyed the command. (M.) And [you use it transitively, saying,] ائتمر الأَمْرَ He obeyed, or conformed to, the command. (S.) And لَا يَأْتَمِرُ رُشْدًا He will not do right of his own accord. (A.) Imra el-Keys says, (S,) or En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab, (T,) وَيَعْدُو عَلَى المَرْءِ مَا يَأْتَمِرْ [And that which man obeys wrongs him, or injures him]; meaning, that which his own soul commands him to do, and which he judges to be right, but in which often is found his destruction: (S:) or, accord. to KT, that evil which man purposes to do: (T:) or that which man does without consideration, and without looking to its result. (A 'Obeyd, T.) [See what follows.] b2: He undertook a thing without consulting; (KT, T;) as though his soul, or mind, ordered him to do it and he obeyed it: (TA:) he followed his own opinion only. (Mgh.) One says, أَمَرْتُهُ فأْتَمَرَ وَأَبَى

أَنْ يَأْتَمِرَ, (A, Mgh,) meaning I commanded him, but he followed his own opinion only, and refused to obey. (Mgh.) b3: He formed an opinion, and consulted his own mind, and determined upon it. (Sh, T.) And ائتمر رَأْيَهُ He consulted his own mind, or judgment, respecting what was right for him to do. (Sh, T.) b4: ائتمروا, (A, Msb,) inf. n. ائْتِمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ تآمروا, (A,) inf. n. تَآمُرٌ, of the measure تَفَاعُلٌ; (S;) and ↓ تأمّروا, (TA,) inf. n. تَأَمُّرٌ; (K;) They consulted together: (S, * A, Msb, K: *) or ائتمروا and ↓ تآمروا signify they commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, one another; like as one says, اقتتلوا and تقاتلوا, and اختصموا and تخاصموا: (T:) or ائتمروا عَلَى الأَمْرِ and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تآمروا, they determined, or settled, their opinions respecting the affair, or case: (M:) and ائتمروا بِهِ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (K,) signifies they purposed it, (S, Msb, K, *) namely, a thing, (Msb, K,) and consulted one another respecting it. (S.) It is said in the Kur [lxv. 6], وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ And command ye, or enjoin ye, one another to do good: [such is app. the meaning,] but God best knoweth: (T:) or, accord. to KT, purpose ye among yourselves to do good. (TA.) And in the same [xxviii. 19], إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلوُكَ, meaning Verily the chiefs command one another respecting thee, to slay thee: (Zj, T:) or consult together against thee, to slay thee: (AO, T:) or purpose against thee, to slay thee: (KT, T:) but the last but one of these explanations is better than the last. (T.) b5: See also 3. b6: Accord. to El-Bushtee, ائتمرهُ also signifies He gave him permission: but this has not been heard from an Arab. (Az, TA.) 10 إِسْتَاْمَرَ see 3, in two places.

أَمْرٌ A command; an order; a bidding; an injunction; a decree; an ordinance; a prescript: (S, * Msb, * TA, &c.:) pl. أَوَامِرُ: (S, Msb, &c.:) so accord. to common usage; and some writers of authority justify and explain it by saying that أَمْرٌ is [originally] مَأْمُوُرٌ بِهِ; that it is then changed to the measure فَاعِلٌ; [i. e., to آمِرٌ;] like أَمْرٌ عَارِفٌ, which is originally مَعْرُوفٌ; and عِيشَةٌ راضِيَةٌ, originally مَرْضِيَّةٌ; &c.; [and then, to أَمْرٌ;] and that فَاعِلٌ becomes in the pl. فَوَاعِلُ; so that أَوَامَرُ is the pl. of مَإْمُورٌ: others say that it has this form of pl. to distinguish it from أَمْرٌ in the sense of حَالٌ [&c.], in which sense it has for its pl. أُمُورٌ. (Msb, TA.) [But I think that أَوَامِرُ may be properly and originally pl. of آمِرَةٌ, for آيَةٌ آمِرَةٌ, or the like. MF says that, accord. to the T and M, the pl. of أَمْرٌ in the sense explained in the beginning of this paragraph is أُمُورٌ: but he seems to have founded his assertion upon corrupted copies of those works; for in the M, I find nothing on this point; and in the T, not, as he says, الأَمْرُضِدُّ النَّهْىَ وَاحِدُ الأُمُور, but قَالَ اللَّيْثُ الأَمْرُ مَعْرُوفٌ نَقِيضُ النَّهْىِ وَاحِدُ الأُمُورِ, evidently meaning that أَمْرٌ signifies the contr. of نَهْىٌ, and is also, in another sense, the sing. of أُمُورٌ.] [Hence,] أُولُو الأَمْرِ Those who hold command or rule, and the learned men. (M, K. [See Kur iv. 62.]) and أَمْرُاللّٰهِ The threatened punishment of God: so in the Kur x. 25, and xi. 42, and xvi.1; in which last place occur the words, أَتَي أَمْرُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ, meaning The threatened punishment ordained of God hath, as it were, come: so near is it, that it is as though it had already come: therefore desire not ye to hasten it. (Zj, M, TA.) And The purpose of God. (Bd and Jel in lxv. 3; &c.) and الأَمْرُ قَرِيبٌ The resurrection, or the time thereof, is near. (Mgh, from a trad.) And مَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ

أَمْرِى, in the Kur xviii. 81, I did it not of my own judgment: (Bd:) or, of my own choice. (Jel.) [Hence also الأَمْرُ, in grammar, signifies The imperative form of a verb.] b2: Also A thing; an affair; a business; a matter; a concern: a state, of a person or thing, or of persons or things or affairs or circumstances; a condition; a case: an accident; an event: an action: syn. شَأْنٌ: (M, F, TA:) and حَالٌ, (Msb, TA,) and حَالَةٌ: (Msb:) and حَادِثَةٌ: (K:) and فِعْلٌ: (MF, TA:) and a thing that is said; a saying: ( TA voce أُولُو, at the end of art. ال:) pl. أُمُورٌ; (S, M, K, &c.;) its only pl. in the senses here explained. (TA.) You say, أَمْرُ فُلَانٍ مُسْتَقِيمٌ [The affair, or the like, of such a one is in a right state]: and امُورُهُ مُسْتَقِيمَةٌ [His affairs are in a right state]. (S, A.) And شَتَّتَ أَمْرَهُ He dissipated, disorganized, disordered, unsettled, or broke up, his state of things, or affairs. (As, TA in art. شعب.) [امر seems to be here used, as in many other instances, rather in the sense of the pl. than in that of the sing.] b3: أَمْرٌ كُلِّىٌّ [A universal, or general, prescript, rule, or canon]. (Msb voce قَاعِدَةٌ, KT voce قَانُونٌ, &c.) إِمْرٌ a subst. from أَمِرَالِأَمْرُ in the sense of اِشْتَدَّ; (S;) or a subst. from أَمِرَ as signifying كَثُرَ and تَمَّ; (M;) (assumed tropical:) [A severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: or] a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: or a wonderful thing. (TA,) Hence, [used as an epithet, like أَمِرٌ, q. v.,] in the Kur [xviii. 70], لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا (assumed tropical:) Verily thou hast done a severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: (S:) or a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: (TA:) or a wonderful thing: (S:) or an abominable, a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing: (Ks, M, K: *) or a terrible and an abominable thing; signifying more than نَكْرًا, [which occurs after, in verse 73,] inasmuch as the [presumed] drowning of the persons in the ship was more abominable than the slaying of one person: (Zj, T:) or a crafty, and an abominable, or a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing; and derived from أَمِرَ القَوْمُ as meaning كَثُرُوا. (Ks.) أَمَرٌ a coll. gen. n. of which أَمَرَةٌ (q. v.) is the n. un.

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

أَمِرٌ: see إِمَّرٌ.

A2: (assumed tropical:) Multiplied; or become many, or much, or abundant. (M, K.) [See أَمِرَ.] Yousay زَرْعٌ أَمِرٌ (assumed tropical:) Abundant seed-produce. (Lh, M.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man whose beasts have multiplied, or become many or abundant. (M.) (assumed tropical:) A man blessed, or prospered, (Ibn-Buzurj, M, K, *) in his property: (M:) fem. with ة. (Ibn-Buzurj.) and with ة, (assumed tropical:) A woman blessed to her husband [ by her being prolific]: from the signification of كَثْرَةٌ. (M.) A3: (assumed tropical:) Severe; distressful; afflictive. (TA.) [See also إِمْرٌ.]

أَمْرَةٌ A single command, order, bidding, or injunction: as in the saying, لَكَ عَلَىَّ أَمْرَةٌ مُطَاعَةٌ Thou hast authority to give me one command, order, bidding, or injunction, which shall be obeyed by me. (S, M, * A, Msb, K.) You should not say, [in this sense,] إِمْرَةٌ, with kesr. (T, S.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

إِمْرَةٌ a subst. from أَمَرَ [q. v.]; Possession of command; the office, and authority, of a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ إِمَارَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (L, K;) but this last is by some disallowed, and is said in the Fs and its Expositions to be unknown. (MF.) It is said in a trad., لَعَلَّكَ سآءَ تْكَ إِمْرَةُ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ Perhaps thy paternal uncle's son's possession of command hath displeased thee. (TA.) b2: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) Increase, or abundance, or the like; as also other forms mentioned in what follows.] You say, فِى وَجْهِ مَالِكَ تَعْرِفُ إِمْرَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) In the face of thy property, [meaning such as consists in camels or the like, and also money,] thou knowest its increase and abundance, and its expense: (S:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ, and ↓ إِمّرَتَهُ, which latter is a dial. var. of weak authority, and ↓ أَمَّرَتَهُ, i. e., its increase and abundance: (M:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ as meaning its prosperous state; as also ↓ أَمَارَتَهُ, and ↓ أَمْرَتَهُ: (Ibn-Buzurj:) accord. to AHeyth, who reads ↓ تُعْرَفُ إِمَّرَتُهُ, the meaning is, its decrease; but the correct meaning is, its increase, as Fr explains it. (T, TA.) It is said respecting anything of which one knows what is good in it at first sight: (Lh, M:) and means, on a thing's presenting itself, thou knowest its goodness. (T.) One says also, ↓ مأَحْسَنَ أَمَارَتَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) How good is their multiplying, and the multiplying of their offspring and of their number! (M.) And ↓ لَا جَعَلَ اللّٰهُ فِيهِ إِمَّرَةً (assumed tropical:) May God not make an increase to be therein. (T.) أَمَرَةٌ Stones: (K:) [or a heap of stones:] or it is the n. un. of أَمَرٌ, which signifies stones: (M:) or the latter signifies stones set up in order that one may be directed thereby to the right way: (Ham p. 409:) and the former also signifies a hill; (M, K;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl.: (M:) and a sign, or mark, by which anything is known; (M, K;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (As, S;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl. in this sense also: (M:) or a sign, or mark, set up to show the way; (AA, Fr;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَهٌ: (K:) or a small sign, or mark, of stones, to show the way, in a waterless desert; (S;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ [and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ]; and any sign, or mark, that is prepared: (TA:) or a structure like a مَنَارَة [here app. meaning a tower of a mosque], upon a mountain, wide like a house or tent, and larger, of the height of forty times the stature of a man, made in the time of 'Ád and Irem; in some instances its foundation being like a house, though it consists only of stones piled up, one upon another, cemented together with mud, appearing as though it were of natural formation: (ISh, T:) the pl. (in all the senses above, K) [or rather the coll. gen. n.,] is أَمَرٌ. (S, K.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ A sign, mark, or token. (As, S Mgh.) See also each voce أَمَرَةٌ, in three places. You say, هِى أَمَارَةُ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ It is a sign, or token, of what is between me and thee. (T, * TA.) And a poet says, إِذَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسُ النَّهَارِ فَإِنَّهَا

أَمَارَةُ تَسْلِيمِى عَلَيْكِ فَسَلِّمِى

[When the sun of day rises, it is a sign of my saluting thee, therefore do thou salute]. (TA.) b2: Also A time: (As, S, K:) so IAar explains the latter word, not particularizing the time as definite or otherwise: (M:) or a definite time: (TA:) or a time, or place, of promise or appointment; an appointed time or place; syn. مَوْعِدٌ: (M, Mgh, K:) or, accord. to some, the former word is pl. [or rather col. gen. n.] of the latter. (TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, إِذْ رَدَّهَا بِكَيْدِهِ فَارْتَدَّتِ

إِلَي أَمَارٍ وَأَمَارِ مُدَّتِى

When He (meaning God) brings it, ( namely my soul,) by his skilful ordering, and his power, [and it is thus brought, or it thus comes, to a set time, and] to the time of the end of my appointed period: امارمدّتى being as above; the former word being prefixed to the latter, governing it in the gen. case. (IB. [In the S we find وَأَمَارٌ مُدَّتِى.]) أَمُورٌ [an intensive epithet from أَمَرَهُ]. You say, إِنَّهُ لَأَمُورٌ بِالْمَعْروفِ وَنَهُوٌّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ Verily he is one who strongly commands, or enjoins, good conduct, and who strongly forbids evil conduct. (S in art. نهى, and A. *) أَمِيرٌ One having, holding, or possessing, command; (S;) a commander; a governor; a lord; (M, * Msb;) a prince, or king: (M, K:) fem. with ة: (S, K:) pl. إُمَرَآءُ. (M, Msb, K.) b2: A leader of the blind. (M, K.) So in the saying of El-Aashà: إِذَاكَانَ هَادِى الفَتَى فِى البِلَا دِصَدْرَ القَنَاةِ أَطَاعَ الأَمِيرَا [When the young man's guide in the countries, or lands, or the like, is the top of the cane, he obeys the leader of the blind]. (M.) b3: A woman's husband. (A.) b4: A neighbour. (K.) b5: A person with whom one consults: (A, K:) any one of whom one begs counsel, or advice, in a case of fear. (TA.) You say, هُوَ أَمِيرِى He is the person with whom I consult. (A.) أَمَارَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ, in three places: b2: and see also أَمَرَةٌ, in three places; and أَمَارٌ.

إِمَارَةِ: see إِمْرَةٌ. b2: الإِمَارَةُ is also used for صَاحِبُ الإمَارَةِ, i. e. الأَمِيرُ. (Mgh.) أَمَّرٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

إِمَّرٌ A man who consults every one respecting his case; as also ↓ أَمِرٌ and ↓ أَمَّارَةٌ: (M:) or a man resembling [in stupidity] a kid: [see the latter part of this paragraph:] (Th, M:) or, as also ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ (S, M, K, &c.) and ↓ أَمَّرٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَةٌ, (K,) a man having weak judgment, (S, K,) stupid, (T, M,) or weak, without judgment, (M, L,) or without intellect, or intelligence, (T,) who obeys the command of every one, (T, S,) who complies with what every one desires to do in all his affairs; (K;) a stupid man, of weak judgment, who says to another, Command me to execute thine affair. (IAth.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ يُطِعْ إِمَّرَةً لَا يَأْكُلْ ثَمَرَةً [He who obeys a stupid man, &c., shall not eat fruit: or the meaning is] he who obeys a stupid woman shall be debarred from good. (IAth.) ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ is applied to a woman and to a man: when it is applied to a man, the ة is added to give intensiveness to the signification. (ISh.) The following saying, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى

وَلَا إِمَّرًا, ↓ سَفَرًا فَلَا تُرْسِلْ فِيهَا إِمَّرَةً, in rhyming prose, means [When Sirius rises in the clear twilight,] send not thou among them (meaning the camels) a man without intelligence [in a great degree, nor one who is so in a less degree; or a woman without intelligence, nor a man without intelligence;] to manage them. (Sh.) b2: Also, (M, K,) and ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَ and ↓ أُمَّرٌ, (K,) A young lamb: (M, K:) or the first (إِمَرٌ) and the second, a young kid: (M, TA:) or the former of these two, a male lamb: (M, TA:) or a young male lamb: (S:) and the latter of them, a female lamb: (M, TA:) or a young female lamb. (S, M.) One says, ↓ مَا لَهُ إِمَّرٌ وَلَا إِمَّرَةٌ, meaning He has not a male lamb nor a female lamb: (M, TA:) or he has not anything. (T, S, M.) أَمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in two places.

إِمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in six places: A2: and see إِمْرَةٌ, in four places.

إِمّرَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَّارٌ [Wont to command]. [Hence,] النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ [The soul that is wont to command]; (A;) the soul that inclines to the nature of the body, that commands to the indulgence of pleasures and sensual appetites, drawing the heart downwards, so that it is the abode of evils, and the source of culpable dispositions. (KT.) [See نَفْسٌ.]

أَمَّارَةٌ fem. of أَمَّارٌ [q. v.]. b2: See also إِمَّرٌ.

آمِرٌ [act. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ.] b2: آمِرٌ and ↓ مُؤْتَمِرٌ Two days, (S,) the last, (K,) the former being the sixth, and the latter the seventh, (M,) of the days called أَيَّامُ الَجُوزِ: (S, M, K: [but see عَجُوزٌ:]) as though the former commanded men to be cautious, and the latter consulted them as to whether they should set forth on a journey or stay at home: (S:) accord. to Az, the latter is applied as an epithet to the day as meaning يُؤْتَمَرُفِيهِ. (TA.) تَأْمُرِىُّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

تُؤْمُرِىٌّ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in six places.

تَأْمُورٌ and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ are properly mentioned in this art.; the measure of the former being تَفْعُولٌ; (K;) and that of the latter, تَفْعْلولَةٌ: (TA:) not as J has imagined; [who writes them without ء, and mentions them in art. تمر;] (K;) their measures accord. to him being فَاعُولٌ and فَاعُولَةٌ. (TA.) [But in all the senses here explained, they appear to be with and without ء.] b2: The former signifies The soul: (S in art. تمر, where it is written without ء; and M, A, K:) because it is that which is wont to command. (A.) One says, قَدْ عَلِمَ تَأْمُورُكَ ذلِكَ Thy soul, or self, hath known that. (Az, and T in art. تمر.) b3: The intellect: (M:) as in the saying, عَرَفْتُهُ بِتَأْمُورِي I knew it by my intellect. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and TA.) You say also, هُوَ ابْنُ تَأْمُورِهَا, meaning He is the knowing with respect to it. (TA in art. بني.) b4: The heart, (T in art. تمر without ء, and M, A, K,) itself. (M, TA.) Hence the saying, حَرْفٌ فِى تَأْمُورِى خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فى وِ عَائِكَ [One word in my heart is better than ten in thy receptacle]. (T in art. تمر, and TA.) b5: The pericardium. (M in art. تمر, without ء.) b6: The core, or black or inner part, or clot of blood, (حَبَّة, M, K, or عَلَقَة, TA,) and life, and blood, of the heart: (M, K:) or blood, (As, S, M, in art. تمر, and K,) absolutely: (TA:) and تَأْمُورُ النَّفْسِ signifies the life-blood: (As, S:) or the blood of the body: (S in art. نفس:) and the life of the soul. (M, K.) b7: Also, as being likened to blood, (TA,) (tropical:) Wine; and so ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ: (M, K:) and b8: (tropical:) A dye: (M, TA:) and b9: (tropical:) Saffron. (As, K.) b10: [Hence also,] (tropical:) Water. (M, K.) You say, مَا فىِ الرَّكِيَّةِ تَامُورٌ, (T, S in art. تمر, and M,) or تَأْمُورٌ, (A,) (tropical:) There is not in the well any water. (T, S, M, A.) A2: The wezeer (وَزِير) of a king: (M, K:) because his command is effectual. (TA.) A3: Any one: as in the saying, مَابِهَا تَأْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, A, K,) as also ↓ تُؤْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, and K,) each with an augmentative ت, and without ء as well as with it, accord. to Er-Radee and others, (TA,) and ↓ تَأْمُرِىُّ, and ↓ تَأْمُورِىُّ, (M,) and ↓ تُؤْمُرِىُّ, (T in art. تمر, M, TA,) or without ء, (S, M, K, in art. تمر,) and ↓ أَمَرٌ, (M, K,) There is not in it (i. e. in the house, الدار, M, A, TA) any one. (M, A, K, and T and S in art. تمر.) You say also, خَلَآءٌ بِلَادٌ

↓ لَيْسَ فِيهَاتُومُرِىٌّ Vacant regions wherein is not any one. (S in art. تمر.) ↓ تُؤْمُرِىٌّ (M, K) and ↓ تُومُرِىٌّ (S in art. تمر) and ↓ تَأْمُورِىٌّ and ↓ تَأْمُرِيٌّ (M, K) also signify A man, or human being. (S, * M, K.) You say, speaking of a beautiful woman, أَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا ↓ مَا رَأَيْتُ تُومُرِيَّا I have not seen a human being, or creature, more beautiful than she: (S and M in art. تمر:) and مَا رَأَيْتُ

أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ ↓ تُومُرِيَّا [I have not seen a man more beautiful than he]. (T and S in art. تمر.) Accord. to some, they are used only in negative phrases; but accord. to others, they are also used in such as are affirmative. (MF.) b2: Also Anything: as in the saying أَكَلَ الذِّئْبُ الشَّاةَ فَمَا تَرَكَ مِنْهَا تَامُورًا [The wolf ate the sheep, or goat, and left not of it anything]. (T and S in art. تمر.) A4: A child, young one, or fœtus syn. وَلَدٌ. (M, K.) A5: The receptacle (وِعَآء) of the child, young one, or fœtus. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and K.) b2: A وِعَآء [in the ordinary sense; i. e. a bag, or receptacle, for travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils &c.]. (M, K.) Hence the saying, أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِتَأْمُورِكَ Thou art best acquainted with what thou hast with thee; and with thine own mind. (M.) b3: Also, (K,) and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ, (M, [in which the former is not given in the following senses,] and K,) or ↓ تَامُورَةٌ, (S in art. تمر,) A ewer, syn. إِبْرِيقٌ, (S, M, K,) for wine: (S:) and, (M, K,) or, as some say, (TA,) a حُقَّة (M, K, TA) in which wine is put. (TA.) b4: Also the first, (M, K,) or ↓ third, (T and S in art. تمر,) The chamber, or cell, (صَوْمَعَة, T and M in art. تمر, without ء, and S and K, and نامُوى, M, K,) of a monk. (M, K.) b5: And hence, (TA,) the first, (K,) and ↓ second, (M, K,) or ↓ third, of these three words, (T and S, in art. تمر,) (tropical:) The covert, or retreat, of a lion. (T, S, M, K.) Whence, ↓ فُلَانٌ أَسَدٌ فِى تَامُورَتِهِ (tropical:) Such a one is a lion in his covert: (T and S in art. تمر:) a saying borrowed from 'Amr Ibn-Maadee-Kerib: (T and S ibid:) or, accord. to some, it means, a lion in the greatness of his courage, and in his heart. (TA.) A6: Also (i. e. the first only) Play, or sport, of girls or of boys. (Th, M in art. تمر without ء, and K.) A7: See also يَأْمُورٌ.

تُؤْمُورٌ A sign, or mark, set up to show the way in a waterless desert; (K, TA;) consisting of stones piled up, one upon another: (TA:) pl. تَآمِيرُ. (K.) [See أَمَرَةٌ.]

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

تَأْمُورَةٌ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in eight places. b2: Also The pericardium; the integument (غِلَاف) of the heart. (S in art. تمر: there written without ء.) تَأْمُورِىٌّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

مِئْمَرٌ Counsel; advice: as in the saying, فُلَانٌ بَعِيدٌ مِنَ المِئْمَرِ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ المِئْبَرِ Such a one is far from counsel, or advice: near to calumny, or slander. (A.) مُؤَمَّرٌ Made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king: (S, M, K: *) made to have authority, power, or dominion: (T, M, K:) in which latter sense it is explained by Khálid, as applied by Ibn-Mukbil to a spear. (T.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A cane, or spear-shaft, having a spearhead affixed to it. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A spear-head (T, TA) sharpened; syn. مُحَدَّدٌ. (T, M, K, TA.) b4: Distinguished, or defined, (مُحَدَّدٌ,) by signs, or marks: (TA:) or, as some say, (TA,) marked with a hot iron; syn. مُوْسُومٌ. (K, TA.) مَأْمُورٌ [pass. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ, q. v.]. b2: It is said in a trad., (S, &c.,) خَيْرُ المَالِ مُهْرَةٌ مَأْمُورَةٌ وَسِكَّةٌ مَأْبُورَةٌ (tropical:) The best of property are a prolific filly [and a row of palm-trees, or perhaps a tall palmtree, fecundated]; (Az, A 'Obeyd, T, S, A, K;) as though the filly were commanded [by God] to be so: (A, in which the epithet مأمورة thus used is said to be tropical:) [or] مأمورة is thus for the sake of conformity to مأبورة, and is originally مُؤْمَرَةٌ, (S, M, * K,) from آمَرَهَا اللّٰهُ: (TA:) or it is a dial. var. of weak authority; (K;) though, accord. to Az, it signifies made to have abundant offspring, from أَمَرَ اللّٰهُ المُهْرَةَ, meaning “God made the filly to have abundant offspring,” a dial. var. of آمَرَهَا, as A 'Obeyd also asserts it to be. (TA.) مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ: see what next follows.

مُؤْتَمِرٌ [Obeying, or conforming to, a command; &c.: see 8. b2: ] One who acts according to his own opinion; (T;) who follows his own opinion only: or who hastes to speak. (M.) A2: See also آمِرٌ. b2: Also, and المُؤْتَمِرُ, [The month which is now commonly called] المُحَرَّمُ: (M, K:) the former appellation (مؤتمر) is that by which the tribe of 'Ád called it: (Ibn-El-Kelbee:) pl. ↓ مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ [both anomalous]. (M, K.) [See شَهْرٌ.]

يَأْمُورٌ; (M, K;) so in all the copies of the K but in the L and other lexicons, ↓ تَأْمُورٌ; (TA;) A certain beast of the sea: or, as some say, a small beast: (M:) and a kind of mountain-goat: (M, K:) or a certain wild beast, (K, TA,) or a beast resembling the mountain-goat, (M,) having a single branching horn in the middle of his head. (M, TA.) [See يَحْمُورٌ, the oryx.]

اكل

1 أَكَلَهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. أَكْلٌ and مَأْكَلٌ, [He ate it,] (S, K,) namely, food. (S.) Er-Rummánee says that أَكْلٌ properly signifies The swallowing food after chewing it; so that the swallowing of pebbles is not properly thus termed: (Msb:) or, accord. to Ibn-El-Kemál, the conveying, or transmitting, to the belly what may be chewed, whether [the thing be] chewed or not; so that it does not apply to milk, nor to سَوِيق: and as to the saying of the poet, مِنَ الآكِلِينَ المَآءَ ظُلْمًا فَمَا أَرَى

يَنَالُونَ خَيْرًا بَعْدَ أَكْلِهِمُ المَآءَ (assumed tropical:) [Of the eaters of what they purchase with the price of water, wrongfully, I do not see any attain good after their eating of what they have purchased with the price of the water,] he means a people who used to sell water and purchase with the price thereof what they would eat: (TA:) [for you say, أَكَلَ كَذَا as meaning (assumed tropical:) He ate the price of such a thing: see another ex. voce إِكَافٌ; and another voce ثَدْىٌ.] b2: The saying, in the Kur [v. 70], لَأَكَلُوا مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِنْ تَحْتِ

أَرْجُلِهِمْ [They should eat things above them and things beneath their feet] means, their means of subsistence should be made ample; (Bd, TA;) by the pouring of the blessings of the heaven and the earth upon them; or by the abundance of the fruit of the trees, and the produce of the grains sown; or by their being blessed with gardens of ripe fruits, so that they should gather them from the upper part of each tree, and pick up what should have fallen upon the ground. (Bd.) b3: اِنْقَطَعَ أَكْلُهُ [lit. His eating became cut off, or stopped,] means (tropical:) he died; [see also أُكُلٌ;] and so اِسْتَوْفَى أَكْلَهُ [lit. he completed his eating]. (TA.) b4: أَكَلَ رَؤْقَهُ [lit. He ate his life,] means (tropical:) he became extremely aged, and his teeth fell out, one after another. (TA.) b5: هُوَ يَأْكُلُ النَّاسَ, and يَأْكُلُ لُحُومَ النَّاسِ [He eats men, and eats the flesh of men,] means (tropical:) he defames men; or does so in their absence: (TA:) and the action thus signified may be [with words, or by making signs] with the side of the mouth, and with the eye, and with the head. (TA in art. همز.) It is said in the Kur [xlix. 12], أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَأْكلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا [lit. Would any one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead?]; defamation, or defamation of the absent, being meant thereby. (S, * Ibn-' Arafeh, Bd, Jel.) b6: أَكَلَ غَنَمِى وَ شَرِبَهَا (tropical:) [He ate the flesh of my sheep, and drank the milk of them, means, like أَكَلَ مَالِى, he ate, fed upon, devoured, or consumed, my wealth, or property: see 2]. (TA.) b7: أَكَلَتِ النَّارُ الحَطَبَ (tropical:) The fire devoured, or consumed, the firewood. (S, Mgh.) b8: أَكَلَتْ أَظْفَارَهُ الحِجَارَةُ (tropical:) [The stones wore away his nails]. (TA.) b9: الوَاوُ فِى مَرْئىٍّ أَكَلَتْهَا اليَآءُ (assumed tropical:) [The و in مَرْئِىّ, the ى has swallowed it up]; because it is originally مَرْؤُوىٌ: a phrase occurring in the 'Eyn. (TA.) b10: أَكَلَ عُمُرَهُ (tropical:) He consumed his life. (Mgh.) b11: It is said in a trad., (TA,) أُمِرْتُ بِقَرْيَةٍ تَأْكُلُ القُرَى (tropical:) [I have been commanded to have given unto me a town which shall devour the other towns]; (K, TA;) said to be Yethrib [afterwards called El-Medeeneh]; (TA;) i. e., the people of which shall conquer the [other] towns and make spoil of their possessions: or it denotes the superior excellence of that town; and is like the saying, هٰذَا حَدِيثٌ يَأْكُلُ الأَحَادِيثَ [This is a tradition which does away with, or overrules, the other traditions]. (Sgh. K, TA.) b12: أَكْلُ السِّكِّينِ اللَّحْمَ means (tropical:) The knife's cutting the flesh. (TA.) b13: أَكَلَنِي رَأْسِى, inf. n. إِكْلَةٌ and أُكَالٌ and أَكَالٌ, (tropical:) My head itched. (K, TA.) An Arab was heard to say, [as is often said in the present day,] جِلْدِى يَأْكُلُنِى (tropical:) My skin itches. (TA.) A2: أَكِلَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. أَكَلٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) It (a limb, or member, [and a sore,] and a piece of stick, or wood,) became corroded or cankered, or decayed, by the mutual eating away of its several parts; as also ↓ ائتكل [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَكَلَ], and ↓ تأكّل. (K, TA.) b2: أَكِلَتِ الأَسْنَانُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. and inf. n. as in the next preceding sentence, (Msb,) (tropical:) The teeth rubbed together and wasted away; by reason of age; (S;) or fell out, one after another: (Msb:) or broke in pieces, or became much broken: (K:) and ↓ تأكّلت signifies the same; (S, Msb;) and so ↓ ائتكلت. (S.) b3: أَكِلَتِ النَّاقَةُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. أَكَالٌ, (assumed tropical:) The she-camel experienced an itching and annoyance in her belly, (S, O, K,) from the growth of the hair, (S, O,) or from the growth of the fur, (K,) of her fœtus. (S, O, K.) 2 اَكَّلَ [أكّلهُ, inf. n. تَأْكِيلٌ, He made him to eat a thing.] b2: أَكَّلَ مَالِى وَ شرَّبَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) [lit. He made people to eat my property, and made them to drink it,] means (tropical:) he fed men, or the people, with my property, or cattle. (S, K, TA.) b3: ظَلَّ مَالِى يُؤَكَّلُ وَ يُشَرَّبُ, (so in some copies of the K and in the TA,) or يُؤَكِّلُ ويُشَرِّبُ, (so in two copies of the S and in a copy of the K,) [of which the former is app. the right reading, as the lit. meaning seems to be My cattle passed the day made to eat and made to drink,] i. e., (tropical:) pasturing as they pleased. (S, K, TA.) b4: أكّلهُ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He charged against him, or accused him of doing, the thing; as also ↓ آكلهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. إِيكَالٌ. (TA.) In [some of] the copies of the K, for اِدَّعَاهُ, we here find, erroneously, دَعَاهُ. (TA.) You say, أَكَّلْتَنِى مَا لَمْ آكُلْ [lit. Thou hast made me to eat what I have not eaten,] meaning (tropical:) thou hast charged against me, or accused me of doing, what I have not done; as also ↓ آكَلْتَنِى. (S, TA.) So too, أَشْرَبْتَنِى مَا لَمْ أَشْرَبٌ. (S and K in art. شرب.) 3 آكلهُ, inf. n. مُؤَاكَلَةٌ (S, K) and إِكَاِلٌ, (K,) He ate with him; (S, K;) as also وَاكَلَهُ, though of weak authority; (K;) or this latter is not allowable. (S, Sgh.) b2: مُؤَاكَلَةٌ which is forbidden in a trad. is (assumed tropical:) A debtor's giving a thing to his creditor in order that he may abstain from taking the debt. (TA.) 4 آكل, [inf. n. إِيكَالٌ,] said of the palm-tree, and of seed-produce, (S, K,) and of anything, (S,) It had ripe fruit; it supplied food. (S, K.) b2: آكلهُ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He gave him to eat the thing; he fed him with the thing. (S, * K.) b3: See also 2, in two places. b4: آكل النَّارَ (assumed tropical:) He fed, or supplied, the fire with fuel. (S.) b5: آكل بَيْنَ النَّاسِ, (A, K,) inf. n. as above, (S, O,) (tropical:) He busied himself among the people with propagating calumnies: (S, O, TA:) or he created, or excited, disagreement, dissension, or strife, among them; or made, or did, mischief among them: (A, TA:) or he incited them, one against another. (K.) b6: آكَلْتُكَ فُلَانًا, (S,) or آكَلَ فُلَانٌ فُلانًا, (K, [in the CK, erroneously, فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا,]) (tropical:) I made thee, (S,) or he made such a one, (K,) to have dominion, or authority, or power, over such a one. (S, K.) 5 تأكلّ: see 1, latter part, in two places: b2: and see also 8. b3: Also, said of a sword, (S, K,) and of silver (K, TA) molten, (TA,) and of lightning, and of collyrium, and of aloes, (K,) and of anything shiny, (TA,) (tropical:) It shone, gleamed, or glistened, (S, K, TA,) much, or intensely; (K;) when said of a sword, by reason of its sharpness. (S, TA.) 8 ائتكل [with the disjunctive alif اِيتَكَلَ]: see 1, latter part, in two places. b2: أَمَا تَنْفَكُّ تَأْتَكِلُ Dost thou not cease to eat our flesh, [i. e., to wound our reputations, (see 1,)] and to defame us? (Aboo-Nasr, TA.) But see below. b3: ائتكلتِ النَّارُ (tropical:) The fire flamed, or blazed, vehemently; as though one part thereof devoured another. (TA.) b4: ائتكل غَضَبًا, (K,) or مِنَ الغَضَبِ, (S,) (tropical:) He burned, or burned fiercely, with, or by reason of, anger. (S, K.) The phrase mentioned above, اما تنفكّ تأتكل, is also cited as an ex. of this meaning. (S, TA.) You say likewise, ائتكل مِنْهُ (tropical:) He was, or became, angry with him, and excited, or provoked, against him, (K, TA,) and vehement, or severe; (TA;) as also منه ↓ تأكل. (K.) 10 استأكلهُ الشَّىْءَ (tropical:) He asked, or begged, of him to assign to him the thing, or to make it be to him, as a means of subsistence, or a thing to be eaten. (K, TA.) b2: يَسْتَأْكِلُ الضُّعَفَآءَ (tropical:) He takes (S, K, TA) and devours (TA) the possessions of the weak ones. (S, K, TA.) أُكْلٌ: see أُكُلٌ.

أَكَلٌ inf. n. of أَكِلَ [q. v.]. b2: فِى أَسْنَانِهِ أَكَلٌ (tropical:) In his teeth is a rubbing together and wasting away; by reason of age. (S, TA.) See also أُكُلٌ

أَكِلٌ [part. n. of أَكِلَ]. b2: نَاقَةٌ أَكِلَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A she-camel experiencing an itching and annoyance in her belly, (S, K,) from the growth of the hair, (S,) or from the growth of the fur, (K,) of her fœtus. (S, K.) b3: [الاَكِلُ is erroneously put, in the CK, for الآكِلُ, in a sense explained below.]

أُكُلٌ and ↓ أُكْلٌ; (S, Msb, K, &c.;) the latter a contraction of the former; (Msb;) What is eaten; (S, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ أُكْلَةٌ and ↓ أَكْلَةٌ (Lh, TA) and ↓ مَأْكَلَةٌ and ↓ مَأْكُلَةٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ مَأْكُولٌ; (Lh, Msb;) any eatable; i. e. anything that is eaten; (S;) and ↓ أَكَالٌ signifies [the same, an eatable, or] food. (S, TA.) Yousay of one who is dead, اِنْقَطَعَ أُكُلُهُ [His food has become cut off, or stopped: in the TA, أَكْلُهُ: see 1]. (S.) And ↓ مَا ذُقْتُ أَكَالَّا I have not tasted food. (S, TA.) b2: Fruit (S, K [in the latter of which, in some copies, التَّمْرُ is put for الثَّمَرُ, erroneously, as is said in the TA]) of palmtrees and other trees [&c.]. (S.) So in the Kur [xiii. 35], أُكُلُهَا دَائِمٌ [Its fruit shall be perpetual]: (S, TA:) meaning that the fruits thereof shall be not as those of the present world, which come to one at one time and not at another. (TA.) [Pl. آكَالٌ; occurring in the M and K in art. اتو.] b3: (tropical:) Means of subsistence: (K:) worldly good fortune, (S, K,) and ample means of subsistence. (S.) You say, فُلَانٌ ذُو أُكُلٍ (tropical:) Such a one is possessed of worldly good fortune, and ample means of subsistence: (S:) and عَظِيمُ الأُكُلِ (tropical:) possessed of [great] good fortune; or of a [great and] good share of the means of subsistence. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) Thickness, substantialness, or closeness or compactness of texture, of a garment, or piece of cloth; (S, K, TA;) and strength thereof. (K.) You say ثَوْبٌ ذُو أُكُلٍ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, having thickness, &c.: and قِرْطَاسٌ ذُو أُكُلٍ (tropical:) paper having thickness, &c. (S, TA.) b5: (tropical:) Intelligence; judgment; (Aboo-Nasr, S, K;) firmness of intellect. (K, TA.) You say رَجُلٌ ذُو أُكُلٍ (tropical:) A man possessing intelligence and judgment. (Aboo-Nasr, S, TA.) أَكْلَةٌ A single act of eating (S, Mgh, Msb, K) until one is satisfied. (S.) Hence the saying, المُعْتَادُ أَكْلَتَانِ الغَدَآءُ وَالعَشَآءُ, meaning That to which people are accustomed is two acts of eating, the eating of the morning-meal and that of the evening-meal. (Mgh.) b2: See also أُكْلَةٌ, in two places. b3: And see أُكُلٌ, first sentence.

أُكْلَةٌ A morsel, or small mouthful, of food. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) [For the pl., see below.] Yousay, أَكَلْتُ أُكْلَةً وَاحِدَةً I ate one morsel. (S.) And أَكلَ بِأَخِيهِ أُكْلَةً (assumed tropical:) [He ate a morsel by means of defaming his brother] is said, in a trad., of a man who is on terms of brotherhood with another, and then goes to his enemy, and speaks of him in a manner not good, in order that he may give him a present for doing so. (TA.) b2: A small round cake of bread; syn. قُرْصَةٌ; (S, K;) a single قُرْص: (Mgh:) pl. أُكَلٌ, as below. (TA.) b3: See also أُكُلٌ. b4: Also (assumed tropical:) i. q. طُعْمَةٌ; (S, K;) which is also syn. with ↓ مَأْكَلَةٌ; (S, Msb, K, in art. طعم;) i. e. An assigned, or appointed, means of subsistence; such as a grant of a tract of land; and a tax, or portion of a tax or taxes; and the like; (Mgh in explanation of طُعْمَةٌ, and TA in explanation of the same and of مَأْكَلَةٌ in art. طعم;) and [it is also said that] ↓ مَأْكَلَةٌ signifies a thing that is assigned, or appointed, or granted, to a man, so that he is not to be reckoned with, or called to account, for it: (TA in the present art.:) [thus it applies to any absolute grant, either of land, (as an allodium, an appanage, &c.,) or of revenue:] pl. أُكَلٌ (K) [and app. also آكَالٌ, which see below]. You say, هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ أُكلَةٌ لَكَ This thing is a طُعْمَة to thee, or for thee. (S.) b5: See also أَكِيلَةٌ.

A2: Also, and ↓ إِكْلَةٌ (S, Z, Sgh, K) and ↓ أَكْلَةٌ, (Kr, K,) (tropical:) Defamation; or defamation of the absent. (S, Z, Sgh, K.) You say, إِنَّهُ لَذُو أُكْلَةٍ and ↓ إِكْلَةٍ (S, TA) and ↓ أَكْلَةٍ (TA) (tropical:) Verily he is one who defames men; or, who does so in their absence. (S, TA.) إِكْلَةٌ A mode, or manner, (K,) or state, or condition, (S, K,) in which one eats: (S, K: *) like جِلْسَةٌ and رِكْبَةٌ: (S, TA:) and the posture of the eater, reclining or sitting. (TA.) You say, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الإِكْلَةِ [Verily he has a good mode, &c., of eating]. (S.) b2: See also أُكْلَةٌ, last two sentences. b3: (tropical:) The itch: or an itching: (S, K:) as also ↓ أُكَالٌ, (As, S, K,) [see أَكَلَنِى رَأْسِى, of which both are said to be inf. ns.,] and ↓ أَكِلَةٌ: (K:) so the last is written accord. to the correct copies of the K: accord. to Esh-Shiháb, in the Shifá el-Ghaleel, it would seem to be أُكْلَةٌ; but this is at variance with the authority of the leading lexicologists: the same word, أَكِلَةٌ, is also explained in the K as signifying a disease in a limb, or member, in consequence of which one part is [as it were] eaten by another; [a meaning which I believe to be correct, (see أُكَالٌ,) although SM says,] but this is identical with the itch, or an itching: and ↓ أَكَلَانٌ is a vulgar term for the same; and so is ↓ آكِلَةٌ, with medd, given as correct by Eth-Tha'álibee, in [his book entitled] the Mudáf and Mensoob, but disallowed by ElKhafájee. (TA.) One says, إِنِّى لَأَجِدُ فِى جَسَدِى

إِكْلَةً (tropical:) [Verily I experience in my body an itching.] (S.) أَكِلَةٌ: see إِكْلَةٌ.

أُكَلَةٌ: see أَكُولٌ.

أَكَلَانٌ: see إِكْلَةٌ.

أَكَالٌ: see أُكُلٌ, first and second sentences.

أُكَالٌ (tropical:) A corrosion, or cankering, or decaying, of a limb, or member, [and of a sore,] from the mutual eating away of its several parts; as also ↓ إِكَالٌ. (K, TA.) [See also أَكِلَةٌ, voce إِكْلَةٌ, where a similar meaning is assigned to the former of these two words; and the same seems to be indicated in the Msb.] b2: See also another signification voce إِكْلَةٌ. b3: بَهَا أُكَالٌ, said of a she-camel, (tropical:) She has an itching and annoyance in her belly, (S, K,) from the growth of the hair, (S,) or of the fur, (K,) of her fœtus. (S, K.) إِكَالٌ: see أُكَالٌ.

رَجُلٌ أَكُولٌ and ↓ أُكَلَةٌ and ↓ أَكِيلٌ all signify the same; (K;) i. e. A man who eats much; [who is a great eater; edacious; voracious;] as also ↓ أَكَّالٌ. (TA.) أَكِيلٌ One who eats with another. (S, TA.) b2: See also آكِلٌ: b3: and see أَكُولٌ.

A2: I. q. ↓ مَأْكُولٌ [as signifying Eaten]. (TA.) b2: See also أَكِيلَةٌ.

أَكُولَةٌ A sheep, or goat, which is set apart (S, Msb, K) to be eaten, (S, Mgh, K,) [i. e.] to be slaughtered, (Msb,) and which is fattened, (S, Mgh,) and the taking of which by the collector of the poor-rate is disapproved; (S;) not left to pasture by itself, being of the best of the beasts: (Msb:) and ↓ أَكِيلَةٌ occurs in the same sense, applied to a sheep, or goat, fattened to be eaten. (Mgh.) Hence the prov., مَرْعًى وَلَا أَكُولَةً [lit. Pasturage, and no اكولة]; meaning (assumed tropical:) wealth collected together, and none expended. (TA.) b2: Also Barren; applied to a sheep or goat [app. because such is generally eaten]. (K.) أُكُولَةٌ: see what next follows.

أَكِيلَةٌ and ↓ أَكِيلٌ and ↓ أُكُولَةٌ, with two dammehs, (K,) so in the copies of the K, but perhaps a mistake for ↓ أُكْلَةٌ, (TA,) a word of a bad dial., (K, * TA,) and ↓ مَأْكُولٌ and ↓ مُؤَاكِلٌ, (K, TA, [in some copies of the former of which, instead of وَهِىَ قَبِيحَةٌ وَ المَأْكُولِ وَ المَؤَاكِلِ, meaning, as is said in the TA, وَهِىَ لُغَةٌ قَبِيحَةٌ &c., we find وَهِىَ قَبِيحَةٌ المَأْكُولِ وَ المَؤَاكِلِ,]) A sheep, or goat, which is set (K, TA) in the lurking-place of a hunter (TA) for the purpose of catching thereby the wolf and the like. (K, TA.) b2: And the first two words, (K,) or أَكِيلَةٌ سَبُعٍ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) A beast which has been eaten, (S, * K,) or partly eaten, (Mgh, Msb,) by a beast or bird of prey, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and then rescued from it: (Mgh, TA:) the ة in اكيلة being added because the quality of a subst. is predominant in it. (S.) b3: See also أَكُولَةٌ.

أَكَّالٌ: see أَكُولٌ.

آكِلٌ Eating; or an eater; as also ↓ أَكِيلٌ: pl. أَكَلَةٌ. (S, K.) You say, هُمْ أَكَلَةُ رَأْسٍ [lit. They are eaters of a head]; meaning (assumed tropical:) they are few; one head satisfying their stomachs. (S.) b2: آكِلَةٌ (tropical:) Pasturing beasts. (K, TA.) b3: آكِلَةُ اللَّحْمِ (assumed tropical:) The knife; (K, TA;) because it cuts the flesh: (TA:) and the pointed staff or stick; (K, TA;) as being likened thereto: (TA:) and fire: (K:) and whips; (Sh, K;) because they burn the skin. (TA.) b4: الآكِلُ, [in the CK, erroneously, الاَكِلُ,] (tropical:) The king. (K, TA.) [Opposed to المَأْكُولُ, q. v.] b5: آكِلُ الرِّبَا (tropical:) [The receiver of usury]: occurring in a trad., in which it is said, لُعِنَ آكِلُ

↓ الرِّبَا وَ مُؤْكِلُهُ (tropical:) [The receiver of usury is cursed, and the giver thereof]. (TA.) آكِلَةٌ fem. of آكِلٌ, q. v. b2: See also إِكْلَةٌ.

آكَالٌ [app. a pl. of pauc. of أُكُلٌ, q. v., and of أُكْلٌ, agreeably with analogy,] (tropical:) The [grants termed] مَآكِل of kings; (K;) their طُعَم [pl. of طُعْمَةٌ, explained above, voce أُكْلَةٌ]. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The stipends of soldiers. (K.) b3: ذَووالآكَالِ, for which J has erroneously put الآكال, [in the S,] (TS, K,) without ذوو, (TA,) (tropical:) The lords, or chiefs, of the tribes, who take the مِرْبَاع [or fourth part of the spoil, which was the chief's portion in the time of ignorance] (S, TS, K, TA) &c. (TA.) مَأْكَلٌ, (S,) [in measure] like مَقْعَدٌ, (TA,) [an inf. n. of أَكَلَ, q. v. : b2: and also signifying] Gain. (S, TA.) b3: Also A place, and a time, of eating: pl. مَآكِلُ.]

مُؤْكَلٌ (assumed tropical:) Fortunate; possessed of good fortune; prosperous. (Aboo-Sa'eed, K.) مُؤْكِلُ الرِّبَا (tropical:) [The giver of usury: see آكِلٌ, last sentence]. (TA.) مَأْكَلَةٌ and ↓ مَأْكُلَةٌ: see أُكُلٌ: b2: and for the former, see also أُكْلَةٌ, in two places. b3: Also, both words, i. q. مِيرَةٌ i. e. Corn, or any provision, which a man brings, or purveys, for himself or his family, or for sale]. (K.) b4: Also used in the sense explained above, voce أُكُلٌ, [as a subst.,] and likewise as an epithet, so that one says شَاةٌ مأكلهٌ [as meaning A sheep, or goat, that is eaten]. (K.) b5: Both words signify [also] A place whence one eats. (S, O.) b6: [And hence] one says, اِتَّخَذْتُ فُلَانًا مَأْكَلَةً and مَأْكَلَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [I took for myself such a one as a person from whom to obtain what to eat]. (S, O.) b7: [The pl. is مَآكِلُ: of which see an ex. voce آكَالٌ.]

مَأْكُلَةٌ: see the paragraph next preceding, throughout.

مِئْكَلَةٌ Anything in [i. e. out of] which one eats: (Lh, K:) or [bowls of the kind called]

صِحَاف, (S,) or a [bowl of the kind called] صَحْفَة, (TA,) in which the tribe find it easy to cook, (so in a copy of the S and in the TA,) or to put, (so in another copy of the S,) flesh-meat and [the kind of porridge called] عَصِيدَة: (S, TA:) or a bowl not so large as a صَحفة, but next to it in size, that satisfies the stomachs of two men, or three: (S voce صَحْفَةٌ:) [or] a small [bowl of the kind called] قَصْعَةٌ, that satisfies the stomachs of three: and a small [cooking-pot such as is called] بُرْمَه. (K.) مَأْكُولٌ: see أَكِيلٌ: b2: and أُكُلٌ: b3: and أَكِيلَةٌ. b4: (assumed tropical:) The subjects of a king. (Z, K, TA.) Hence the trad., مَأْكُولٌ حِمْيَرَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ آكِلِهَا (tropical:) The subjects of Himyer are better than their king, or ruler. (Z, TA.) مِئْكَالٌ A spoon: (K:) because one eats with it. (TA.) مُؤَاكِلٌ: see أَكِيلَةٌ. b2: Also, [like ↓ مُسْتَأْكِلٌ,] (assumed tropical:) One who takes and devours the possessions of men. (TA.) مُسْتَأْكِلٌ: see what next precedes.

القَيْرَوَان:
قال الأزهري: القيروان معرّب وهو بالفارسية كاروان، وقد تكلمت به العرب قديما، قال امرؤ القيس:
وغارة ذات قيروان ... كأنّ أسرابها الرّعال
والقيروان في الإقليم الثالث، طولها إحدى وثلاثون درجة، وعرضها ثلاثون درجة وأربعون دقيقة: وهذه مدينة عظيمة بإفريقية غبرت دهرا وليس بالغرب مدينة أجلّ منها إلى أن قدمت العرب إفريقية وأخربت البلاد فانتقل أهلها عنها فليس بها اليوم إلا صعلوك لا يطمع فيه، وهي مدينة مصرّت في الإسلام في أيام معاوية، رضي الله عنه، وكان من حديث تمصيرها ما ذكره جماعة كثيرة من أهل السير، قالوا:
عزل معاوية بن أبي سفيان معاوية بن حديج الكندي عن إفريقية واقتصر به على ولاية مصر وولى إفريقية عقبة بن نافع بن عبد قيس بن لقيط بن عامر بن أمية بن عائش بن ظرب بن الحارث بن فهر بن مالك بن النضر ابن كنانة، وكان مولده في أيام النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقال ابن الكلبي: هو عبد الرحمن بن عدي ابن نافع بن قيس القرشي سنة 48، وكان مقيما بنواحي برقة وزويلة منذ ولاية عمرو بن العاص له فجمع إليه من أسلم من البربر وضمهم إلى الجيش الوارد من قبل معاوية، وكان جيش معاوية عشرة آلاف، وسار إلى إفريقية ونازل مدنها فافتتحها عنوة ووضع السيف في أهلها وأسلم على يده خلق من البربر وفشا فيهم دين الله حتى اتّصل ببلاد السودان فجمع عقبة حينئذ أصحابه وقال: إن أهل هذه البلاد قوم لا خلاق لهم، إذا عضّهم السيف أسلموا وإذا رجع المسلمون عنهم عادوا إلى عادتهم ودينهم، ولست أرى نزول المسلمين بين أظهرهم رأيا، وقد رأيت أن أبني ههنا مدينة يسكنها المسلمون، فاستصوبوا رأيه فجاؤوا إلى موضع القيروان وهي في طرف البرّ وهي أجمة عظيمة وغيضة لا يشقها الحيّات من تشابك أشجارها، وقال: إنما اخترت هذا الموضع لبعده من البحر لئلا تطرقها مراكب الروم فتهلكها وهي في وسط البلاد، ثم أمر أصحابه بالبناء فقالوا: هذه غياض كثيرة السباع والهوام فنخاف على أنفسنا هنا، وكان عقبة مستجاب الدعوة فجمع من كان في عسكره من الصحابة وكانوا ثمانية عشر ونادى: أيتها الحشرات والسباع نحن أصحاب رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فارحلوا عنّا فإنّا نازلون فمن وجدناه بعد قتلناه، فنظر الناس يومئذ إلى أمر هائل، كان السبع يحمل أشباله والذئب يحمل أجراءه والحيّة تحمل أولادها وهم خارجون أسرابا أسرابا فحمل ذلك كثيرا من البربر على الإسلام، ثم اختطّ دارا للإمارة واختطّ الناس حوله وأقاموا بعد ذلك أربعين عاما لا يرون فيها حيّة ولا عقربا، واختطّ جامعها فتحير في قبلته فبقي مهموما فبات ليلة فسمع قائلا يقول: في غد ادخل الجامع فإنك تسمع تكبيرا فاتبعه فأيّ موضع انقطع الصوت فهناك القبلة التي رضيها الله للمسلمين بهذه الأرض، فلما أصبح سمع الصوت ووضع القبلة واقتدى بها بقية المساجد وعمّر الناس المدينة فاستقامت في سنة 55 للــهجرة، وقد ذكرت بقية خبر عقبة ومقتله في كتابي المسمّى بالمبدإ والمآل، وكان مقتله في سنة 63 بعد أن فتح جميع بلاد المغرب، وينسب إلى القيروان قيروانيّ وقيرويّ، فمن جملة من ينسب إليها قيروانيّ:
محمد بن أبي بكر عتيق محمد بن أبي نصر هبة الله بن علي بن مالك أبو عبيد الله التميمي القيرواني المتكلم الثغري المعروف بابن أبي كدية، درس علم الأصول بالقيروان على أبي عبد الله الحسين بن حاتم الأزدي صاحب القاضي أبي بكر الباقلاني وعلى غيره، وكان يذكر أنه سمع أبا عبد الله القضاعي بمصر، قرأ عليه نصر الله بن محمد بصور وكان يقرئ الكلام في النظامية ببغداد وأقام بالعراق إلى أن مات، وكان صلبا في الاعتقاد، ومات ببغداد في ثامن عشر ذي الحجّة سنة 512 ودفن مع أبي الحسن الأشعري في تربته بمشرعة الروايا خارج الكرخ.

قُمُّ:
بالضم، وتشديد الميم، وهي كلمة فارسية:
مدينة تذكر مع قاشان، وطول قم أربع وستون درجة، وعرضها أربع وثلاثون درجة وثلثان، وهي مدينة مستحدثة إسلامية لا أثر للأعاجم فيها، وأول من مصّرها طلحة بن الأحوص الأشعري، وبها آبار ليس في الأرض مثلها عذوبة وبردا، ويقال إن الثلج ربما خرج منها في الصيف، وأبنيتها بالآجرّ، وفيها سراديب في نهاية الطيب، ومنها إلى الرّي مفازة سبخة فيها رباطات ومناظر ومسالح، وفي وسط هذه المفازة حصن عظيم عاديّ يقال له دير كردشير، ذكر في الديرة، قال الإصطخري: قم مدينة ليس عليها سور وهي خصبة وماؤهم من الآبار وهي ملحة في الأصل فإذا حفروها صيروها واسعة مرتفعة ثم تبنى من قعرها حتى تبلغ ذروة البئر فإذا جاء الشتاء أجروا مياه أوديتهم إلى هذه الآبار وماء الأمطار طول الشتاء فإذا استقوه في الصيف كان عذبا طيبا، وماؤهم للبساتين على السواني، فيها فواكه وأشجار وفستق وبندق، وقال البلاذري: لما انصرف أبو موسى الأشعري من نهاوند إلى الأهواز فاستقراها ثم أتى قم فأقام عليها أياما وافتتحها، وقيل: وجّه الأحنف ابن قيس فافتتحها عنوة، وذلك في سنة 23 للــهجرة، وذكر بعضهم أن قمّ بين أصبهان وساوة، وهي كبيرة حسنة طيبة وأهلها كلهم شيعة إمامية، وكان بدء تمصيرها في أيام الحجاج بن يوسف سنة 83، وذلك أن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن الأشعث بن قيس كان أمير سجستان من جهة الحجاج ثم خرج عليه وكان في عسكره سبعة عشر نفسا من علماء التابعين من العراقيين فلما انهزم ابن الأشعث ورجع إلى كابل منهزما كان في جملته إخوة يقال لهم عبد الله والأحوص وعبد الرحمن وإسحاق ونعيم وهم بنو سعد بن مالك ابن عامر الأشعري وقعوا إلى ناحية قم وكان هناك سبع قرى اسم إحداها كمندان، فنزل هؤلاء الإخوة على هذه القرى حتى افتتحوها وقتلوا أهلها واستولوا عليها وانتقلوا إليها واستوطنوها واجتمع إليهم بنو عمّهم وصارت السبع قرى سبع محال بها وسميت باسم إحداها وهي كمندان فأسقطوا بعض حروفها فسميت بتعريبهم قمّا، وكان متقدم هؤلاء الإخوة عبد الله بن سعد وكان له ولد قد ربّي بالكوفة
فانتقل منها إلى قمّ وكان إماميّا فهو الذي نقل التّشيع إلى أهلها فلا يوجد بها سنّيّ قط، ومن ظريف ما يحكى: أنه ولّي عليهم وال وكان سنّيّا متشدّدا فبلغه عنهم أنهم لبغضهم الصحابة الكرام لا يوجد فيهم من اسمه أبو بكر قط ولا عمر، فجمعهم يوما وقال لرؤسائهم: بلغني أنكم تبغضون صحابة رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأنكم لبغضكم إياهم لا تسمون أولادكم بأسمائهم، وأنا أقسم بالله العظيم لئن لم تجيئوني برجل منكم اسمه أبو بكر أو عمر ويثبت عندي أنه اسمه لأفعلنّ بكم ولأصنعنّ، فاستمهلوه ثلاثة أيام وفتشوا مدينتهم واجتهدوا فلم يروا إلا رجلا صعلوكا حافيا عاريا أحول أقبح خلق الله منظرا اسمه أبو بكر لأن أباه كان غريبا استوطنها فسمّاه بذلك، فجاؤوا به فشتمهم وقال: جئتموني بأقبح خلق الله تتنادرون عليّ! وأمر بصفعهم، فقال له بعض ظرفائهم: أيها الأمير اصنع ما شئت فإن هواء قمّ لا يجيء منه من اسمه أبو بكر أحسن صورة من هذا، فغلبه الضحك وعفا عنهم، وبين قم وساوة اثنا عشر فرسخا ومثله بينها وبين قاشان، ولقاضي قم قال الصاحب بن عبّاد:
أيها القاضي بقم ... قد عزلناك فقم
فكان القاضي يقول إذا سئل عن سبب عزله: أنا معزول السّجع من غير جرم ولا سبب، وقال دعبل بن علي يهجو أهل قمّ:
تلاشى أهل قمّ واضمحلّوا، ... تحلّ المخزيات بحيث حلّوا
وكانوا شيّدوا في الفقر مجدا، ... فلما جاءت الأموال ملّوا
وقال أيضا فيهم:
ظلّت بقمّ مطيّتي يعتادها ... همّان غربتها وبعد المدلج
ما بين علج قد تعرّب فانتمى، ... أو بين آخر معرب مستعلج
وقد نسبوا إليها جماعة من أهل العلم، منهم: أبو الحسن يعقوب بن عبد الله بن سعد بن مالك الأشعري القمي ابن عم الأشعث بن إسحاق بن سعد، روى عن عيسى بن جابر، روى عنه أبو الربيع الزهراني وغيره، وتوفي بقزوين سنة 74، ومنهم أبو الحسن علي بن موسى بن داود، وقيل ابن يزيد القمي صاحب أحكام القرآن وإمام الحنفية في عصره، سمع محمد بن حميد الرازي وغيره، روى عنه أبو الفضل أحمد بن أحيد الكاغدي وغيره، وتوفي سنة 305.

قُبا:
بالضم: وأصله اسم بئر هناك عرفت القرية بها وهي مساكن بني عمرو بن عوف من الأنصار، وألفه واو يمدّ ويقصر ويصرف ولا يصرف، قال عياض:
وأنكر البكري فيه القصر ولم يحك فيه القالي سوى المدّة، قال الخليل: هو مقصور، قلت: فمن قصر جعله جمع قبوة وهو الضمّ والجمع في لغة أهل المدينة، وقد قبوت الحرف إذا ضممته، قال النحويون: لم تجمع فعلة على فعل مما لامه حرف علة إلا بروة وبرى للتي تجعل في أنف البعير وقرية وقرى وكوّة وكوى، وقد ألحقت أنا هذا الحرف به والجامع فيه، وكأن الناس انضمّوا في هذا الموضع فسمي بذلك، والله أعلم، قال أبو حنيفة، رحمه الله، في اشتقاق قبا: إنه مأخوذ من القبو وهو الضمّ والجمع، ولم يذكر أهو جمع أو مفرد، ولا يصحّ أن يكون على قوله جمعا لأنّ فعل لا يجمع على فعل فيما علمت، وإن كان مفردا فلا أدري ما المراد بهذه البنية والتغيير على الأصل فصار ما ذكرته أنا وقسته أبين وأوضح: وهي قرية على ميلين من المدينة على يسار القاصد إلى مكة بها أثر بنيان كثير وهناك مسجد التقوى عامر قدّامه رصيف وفضاء حسن وآبار ومياه عذبة وبها مسجد الضرار يتطوع العوامّ بهدمه، كذا قال البشاري، قال أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر: كان المتقدّمون في الــهجرة من أصحاب رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، ومن نزلوا عليه من الأنصار بنوا بقباء مسجدا يصلون فيه الصلاة سنة الى البيت المقدّس، فلما هاجر رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وورد قباء صلى بهم فيه، وأهل قباء يقولون هو المسجد الذي أسس على التقوى من أول يوم، وقيل إنه مسجد رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وقد وسع مسجد قباء وكبّر بعد، وكان عبد الله بن عمر، رضي الله عنه، إذا دخله صلى إلى الأسطوانة المحلّقة، وكان ذلك مصلى رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأقام لما هاجر بقباء يوم الاثنين والثلاثاء والأربعاء والخميس وركب يوم الجمعة يريد المدينة فجمّع في مسجد بني سالم بن عوف بن عمرو بن عوف بن الخزرج فكانت أول جمعة جمّعت في الإسلام، وقد جاء في فضائل مسجد قباء أحاديث كثيرة، وممن ينسب إليها أفلح بن سعيد القبائي، روى عنه أبو عامر العقدي وزيد بن الحباب، وعبد الرحمن بن عباس الأنصاري القبائي، ومحمد بن سليمان المدني القبائي من أهل قباء، يروي عن أبي أمامة بن سهل بن حنيف، روى عنه عبد العزيز الدراوردي وحاتم بن إسماعيل وعبد الرحمن ابن أبي الموالي وزيد بن الحباب وغيرهم، وقبا أيضا:
موضع بين مكة والبصرة، وقال السري بن عبد الرحمن بن عتبة بن عويمر بن ساعدة الأنصاري:
ولها مربع ببرقة خاخ، ... ومصيف بالقصر قصر قباء
كفّنوني إن متّ في درع أروى، ... واغسلوني من بئر عروة مائي
سخنة في الشتاء، باردة الصّي ... ف، سراج في الليلة الظلماء
وقباء أيضا: مدينة كبيرة من ناحية فرغانة قرب الشاش، نسب إليها قوم من أهل العلم بكل فنّ، عن ابن طاهر، ونسب إليها أبو سعد أبا المكارم رزق الله بن محمد بن أبي الحسن بن عمر القبائي، كان من أهل قبا أحد بلاد فرغانة، سكن بخارى، وكان أديبا صالحا وسمعت منه، وإبراهيم بن عليّ بن الحسين أبو إسحاق القبائي الصوفي شيخ الصوفية بالثغر يرجع إلى ستر طاهر وسمت حسن وطريقة مستقيمة، كثير الدرس للقرآن طويل الصّمت لازم لما يعنيه، ولد بما وراء النهر وخرج صغيرا وتغرّب وسافر إلى خراسان والعراق والحجاز ثم نزل صور فاستوطنها إلى أن مات بها، وحدث بها كثير عنه، وكان سماعه صحيحا وأقام بصور نحو أربعين سنة، وسئل عن مولده فقال سنة 394 أو 395، وتوفي عاشر
جمادى الاخرة سنة 471، ولم يكن قد بقي بالشام شيخ لهذه الطائفة يجري مجراه.

القادِسِيَّةُ:
قال أبو عمرو: القادس السفينة العظيمة، قال المنجمون: طول القادسية تسع وستون درجة، وعرضها إحدى وثلاثون درجة وثلثا درجة، ساعات النهار بها أربع عشرة ساعة وثلثان، وبينها وبين الكوفة خمسة عشر فرسخا، وبينها وبين العذيب أربعة أميال، قيل:
سميت القادسية بقادس هراة، وقال المدايني: كانت القادسية تسمى قديسا، وروى ابن عيينة قال: مرّ إبراهيم بالقادسية فرأى زهرتها ووجد هناك عجوزا فغسلت رأسه فقال: قدّست من أرض، فسميت القادسية، وبهذا الموضع كان يوم القادسية بين سعد ابن ابي وقّاص والمسلمين والفرس في أيام عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، في سنة 16 من الــهجرة، وقاتل المسلمون يومئذ وسعد في القصر ينظر إليهم فنسب إلى الجبن، فقال رجل من المسلمين:
ألم تر أن الله أنزل نصره ... وسعد بباب القادسية معصم
فأبنا وقد آمت نساء كثيرة ... ونسوة سعد ليس فيهنّ أيّم
وقال بشر بن ربيعة في ذلك اليوم:
ألمّ خيال من أميمة موهنا ... وقد جعلت أولى النجوم تغور
ونحن بصحراء العذيب ودوننا ... حجازية، إن المحلّ شطير
فزارت غريبا نازحا جلّ ماله ... جواد ومفتوق الغرار طرير
وحلّت بباب القادسية ناقتي ... وسعد بن وقاص عليّ أمير
تذكّر، هداك الله، وقع سيوفنا ... بباب قديس والمكرّ ضرير
عشيّة ودّ القوم لو أن بعضهم ... يعار جناحي طائر فيطير
إذا برزت منهم إلينا كتيبة ... أتونا بأخرى كالجبال تمور
فضاربتهم حتى تفرّق جمعهم، ... وطاعنت، إني بالطّعان مهير
وعمرو أبو ثور شهيد وهاشم ... وقيس ونعمان الفتى وجرير
والأشعار في هذا اليوم كثير لأنها كانت من أعظم وقائع المسلمين وأكثرها بركة، وكتب عمر، رضي الله عنه، إلى سعد بن أبي وقاص يأمره بوصف منزله من القادسية فكتب إليه سعد: إن القادسية فيما بين الخندق والعتيق وإنما عن يسار القادسية بحر أخضر في جوف لاح إلى الحيرة بين طريقين فأما إحداهما فعلى الظهر وأما الأخرى فعلى شاطئ نهر يسمى الحضوض يطلع بمن يسلكه على ما بين الخورنق والحيرة، وإنما عن يمين القادسية فيض من فيوض مياههم، وإن جميع من صالح المسلمين قبلي ألّب لأهل فارس قد خفّوا لهم واستعدّوا لنا، وذكر أصحاب الفتوح أن القادسية كانت أربعة أيام: فسموا الأول يوم أرماث واليوم الثاني يوم أغواث واليوم الثالث يوم عماس وليلة اليوم الرابع ليلة الهرير واليوم الرابع سموه يوم القادسية، وكان الفتح للمسلمين وقتل رستم جازويه ولم يقم للفرس بعده قائمة، وقال ابن الكلبي فيما حكاه هشام قال: إنما سميت القادسية لأن ثمانية آلاف من ترك الخزر كانوا قد ضيّقوا على كسرى بن هرمز، وكتب قادس هراة إلى كسرى: إن كفيتك مؤونة هؤلاء الترك تعطيني ما أحتكم عليك؟ قال: نعم، فبعث النريمان إلى أهل القرى: اني سأنزل عليكم الترك فاصنعوا ما آمركم، وبعث النريمان إلى الأتراك وقال لهم: تشتّوا في أرضي العام، ففعلوا وأقبل منها ثمانية آلاف في منازل أصحابه بهراة فبعث النريمان إلى أهل الدّور وقال: ليذبح كل رجل منكم نزيله الذي نزل عليه ثم يغدو إليّ بسبلته، ففعلوا ذلك وذبحوهم عن آخرهم وغدوا إليه بسبلاتهم فنظمها في خيط وبعثها إلى كسرى وقال: قد وفيت لك فأوف لي بما شرطت عليك، فبعث إليه كسرى أن اقدم عليّ، فقدم عليه النريمان فقال له كسرى: احتكم، فقال له النريمان: تضع لي سريرا مثل سريرك وتعقد على رأسي تاجا مثل تاجك وتنادمني من غدوة إلى الليل، ففعل ذلك به ثم قال: أوفيت؟ قال: نعم، فقال له كسرى: لا والله لا ترى هراة أبدا فتجلس بين قومك وتحدث بما جرى، وأنزله موضع القادسية ليكون ردءا له من العرب فسمي الموضع القادسية بقادس هراة، وكان قدم عليه النريمان ومعه أربعة آلاف فكانوا بالقادسية، فلما كان يوم القادسية قرن أصحاب النريمان بن النريمان أنفسهم بالسلاسل كيلا يفروا فقتلوا كلهم ورجعت ابنة النريمان إلى مرو وأم النريمان ابن النريمان كبشة بنت النعمان بن المنذر، قال هشام:
فالشاه بن الشاه من ولد نريمان وهو الشاه بن الشاه بن لان بن نريمان بن نريمان، قال: ويقال إنما سميت القادسية بقديس وكان قصرا بالعذيب، وقد نسب إلى القادسية عدة قوم من الرواة، منهم: علي بن أحمد القادسي القطان، روى عن عبد الحميد بن صالح، يروي عنه جعفر الخلدي. والقادسية أيضا: قرية كبيرة من نواحي دجيل بين حربى وسامرّا يعمل بها الزجاج، وقد نسب إليها قوم من الرواة، وإليها ينسب الشيخ أحمد المقري الضرير وولده محمد بن أحمد القادسي الكتبي، وفي هذه القادسية يقول جحظة:
إلى شاطئ القاطول بالجانب الذي ... به القصر بين القادسية والنخل
في قصيدة ذكرت في القاطول.

الفُسْطَاطُ:
وفيه لغات وله تفسير واشتقاق وسبب يذكر عند ذكر عمارته، وأنا أبدأ بحديث فتح مصر ثم أذكر اشتقاقه والسبب في استحداث بنائه، حدث الليث بن سعد وعبد الله بن لهيعة عن يزيد بن أبي
حبيب وعبيد الله بن أبي جعفر وعيّاش بن عبّاس القتباني وبعضهم يزيد على بعض في الحديث: وهو أن عمر بن الخطّاب، رضي الله عنه، لما قدم الجابية خلا به عمرو بن العاص وذلك في سنة 18 من التاريخ فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين ائذن لي في المسير إلى مصر فإنك إن فتحتها كانت قوّة للمسلمين وعونا لهم وهي أكثر الأرضين أموالا وأعجز عن حرب وقتال، فتخوّف عمر بن الخطّاب على المسلمين وكره ذلك فلم يزل عمرو بن العاص يعظّم أمرها عنده ويخبره بحالها ويهوّن عليه أمرها في فتحها حتى ركن عمر ابن الخطاب لذلك فعقد له على أربعة آلاف رجل كلهم من عكّ، قال أبو عمر الكندي: إنه سار ومعه ثلاثة آلاف وخمسمائة ثلثهم من غافق، فقال له: سر وأنا مستخير الله تعالى في تسييرك وسيأتيك كتابي سريعا إن شاء الله تعالى، فإن لحقك كتابي آمرك فيه بالانصراف عن مصر قبل أن تدخلها أو شيئا من أرضها فانصرف، وإن دخلتها قبل أن يأتيك كتابي فامض لوجهك واستعن بالله واستنصره، فسار عمرو بن العاص بالمسلمين واستخار عمر بن الخطاب الله تعالى فكأنه تخوّف على المسلمين فكتب إلى عمرو يأمره أن ينصرف فوصل إليه الكتاب وهو برفح فلم يأخذ الكتاب من الرسول ودافعه حتى نزل العريض فقيل له إنها من مصر فدعا بالكتاب وقرأه على المسلمين وقال لمن معه: تعلمون أن هذه القرية من مصر؟ قالوا: نعم، قال: فإن أمير المؤمنين عهد إليّ إن لحقني كتابه ولم أدخل أرض مصر أن أرجع، وقد دخلت أرض مصر فسيروا على بركة الله، فكان أول موضع قوتل فيه الفرما قتالا شديدا نحو شهرين ففتح الله له وتقدم لا يدافع إلا بالأمر الخفيف حتى أتى بلبيس فقاتلوه بها نحوا من الشهر حتى فتح الله عز وجل له ثم مضى لا يدافع إلّا بأمر خفيف حتى أتى أمّ دنين وهي المقس فقاتلوه قتالا شديدا نحو شهرين وكتب إلى عمر، رضي الله عنه، يستمدّه فأمدّه باثني عشر ألفا فوصلوا إليه أرسالا يتبع بعضهم بعضا وكتب إليه:
قد أمددتك باثني عشر ألفا وما يغلب اثنا عشر ألفا من قلّة، وكان فيهم أربعة آلاف عليهم أربعة من الصحابة الكبار: الزّبير بن العوّام والمقداد بن الأسود وعبادة بن الصامت ومسلمة بن مخلّد، رضي الله عنهم، وقيل إن الرابع خارجة بن حذافة دون مسلمة، ثم أحاط المسلمون بالحصن وأمير الحصن يومئذ المندفور الذي يقال له الأعيرج من قبل المقوقس بن قرقب اليوناني، وكان المقوقس ينزل الإسكندرية وهو في سلطان هرقل غير أنه حاصر الحصن حين حاصره المسلمون، ونصب عمرو فسطاطه في موضع الدار المعروفة بإسرائيل على باب زقاق الزّهري وأقام المسلمون على باب الحصن محاصري الروم سبعة أشهر ورأى الزّبير بن العوّام خللا مما يلي دار أبي صالح الحرّاني الملاصقة لحمّام أبي نصر السّرّاج عند سوق الحمّام فنصب سلّما وأسنده إلى الحصن وقال: إني أهب نفسي لله عز وجل فمن شاء أن يتبعني فليفعل، فتبعه جماعة حتى أوفى على الحصن فكبّر وكبّروا ونصب شرحبيل بن حجيّة المرادي سلّما آخر مما يلي زقاق الزمامرة، ويقال إن السلّم الذي صعد عليه الزبير كان موجودا في داره التي بسوق وردان إلى أن وقع حريق في هذه الدار فاحترق بعضه ثم أحرق ما بقي منه في ولاية عبد العزيز بن محمد بن النعمان، أخزاه الله، لقضاء الإسماعيلية وذلك بعد سنة 390، فلما رأى المقوقس أن العرب قد ظفروا بالحصن جلس في سفينة هو وأهل
القوة وكانت ملصقة بباب الحصن الغربي ولحقوا بالجزيرة وقطعوا الجسر وتحصنوا هناك والنيل حينئذ في مده، وقيل: إن الأعيرج خرج معهم، وقيل:
أقام بالحصن، وسأله المقوقس في الصلح فبعث إليه عمرو عبادة بن الصامت وكان رجلا أسود طوله عشرة أشبار فصالحه المقوقس عن القبط والروم على أن للروم الخيار في الصلح إلى أن يوافي كتاب ملكهم فإن رضي تمّ ذلك وإن سخط انتقض ما بينه وبين الروم وأما القبط فبغير خيار، وكان الذي انعقد عليه الصلح أن فرض على جميع من بمصر أعلاها وأسفلها من القبط ديناران على كل نفس في السنة من البالغين شريفهم ووضيعهم دون الشيوخ والأطفال والنساء وعلى أن للمسلمين عليهم النزول حيث نزلوا ثلاثة أيام وأن لهم أرضهم وأموالهم لا يعترضون في شيء منها، وكان عدد القبط يومئذ أكثر من ستة آلاف ألف نفس والمسلمون خمسة عشر ألفا، فمن قال إن مصر فتحت صلحا تعلّق بهذا الصلح، وقال: إن الأمر لم يتم إلا بما جرى بين عبادة بن الصامت والمقوقس وعلى ذلك أكثر علماء مصر، منهم عقبة بن عامر وابن أبي حبيب والليث بن سعد وغيرهم، وذهب الذين قالوا إنها فتحت عنوة إلى أن الحصن فتح عنوة فكان حكم جميع الأرض كذلك، وبه قال عبد الله بن وهب ومالك بن أنس وغيرهما، وذهب بعضهم إلى أن بعضها فتح عنوة وبعضها فتح صلحا، منهم: ابن شهاب وابن لهيعة، وكان فتحها يوم الجمعة مستهل المحرم سنة 20 للــهجرة، وذكر يزيد بن أبي حبيب أن عدد الجيش الذين شهدوا فتح الحصن خمسة عشر ألفا وخمسمائة، وقال عبد الرحمن بن سعيد بن مقلاص: إن الذين جرت سهامهم في الحصن من المسلمين اثنا عشر ألفا وثلاثمائة بعد من أصيب منهم في الحصار بالقتل والموت وكان قد أصابهم طاعون، ويقال إن الذين قتلوا من المسلمين دفنوا في أصل الحصن، فلما حاز عمرو ومن معه ما كان في الحصن أجمع على المسير إلى الإسكندرية فسار إليها في ربيع الأول سنة 20 وأمر عمرو بفسطاطه أن يقوّض فإذا بيمامة قد باضت في أعلاه فقال: لقد تحرّمت بجوارنا، أقرّوا الفسطاط حتى تنقف وتطير فراخها، فأقرّ فسطاطه ووكّل به من يحفظه أن لا تهاج ومضى إلى الإسكندرية وأقام عليها ستة أشهر حتى فتحها الله عليه فكتب إلى عمر بن الخطاب يستأذنه في سكناها فكتب إليه: لا تنزل بالمسلمين منزلا يحول بيني وبينهم فيه نهر ولا بحر، فقال عمرو لأصحابه: أين ننزل؟
فقالوا: نرجع أيها الأمير إلى فسطاطك فنكون على ماء وصحراء، فقال للناس: نرجع إلى موضع الفسطاط، فرجعوا وجعلوا يقولون: نزلت عن يمين الفسطاط وعن شماله، فسميت البقعة بالفسطاط لذلك، وتنافس الناس في المواضع فولى عمرو بن العاص على الخطط معاوية بن حديج وشريك بن سميّ وعمرو ابن قحزم وجبريل بن ناشرة المعافري فكانوا هم الذين نزّلوا القبائل وفصلوا بينهم، وللعرب ست لغات في الفسطاط، يقال: فسطاط بضم أوله وفسطاط بكسره وفسّاط بضم أوله وإسقاط الطاء الأولى وفسّاط بإسقاطها وكسر أوله وفستاط وفستاط بدل الطاء تاء ويضمون ويفتحون، ويجمع فساطيط، وقال الفراء في نوادره: ينبغي أن يجمع فساتيط ولم أسمعها فساسيط، وأما معناه فإنّ الفسطاط الذي كان لعمرو ابن العاص هو بيت من أدم أو شعر، وقال صاحب العين: الفسطاط ضرب من الأبنية، قال: والفسطاط أيضا مجتمع أهل الكورة حوالي مسجد جماعتهم، يقال: هؤلاء أهل الفسطاط، وفي الحديث: عليكم
بالجماعة فإن يد الله على الفسطاط، يريد المدينة التي يجتمع فيها الناس، وكل مدينة فسطاط، قال: ومنه قيل لمدينة مصر التي بناها عمرو بن العاص الفسطاط، روي عن الشعبي أنه قال: في العبد الآبق إذا أخذ في الفسطاط ففيه عشرة دراهم وإذا أخذ خارج الفسطاط ففيه أربعون، وقال عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم: فلما فتحت مصر التمس أكثر المسلمين الذين شهدوا الفتح أن تقسم بينهم فقال عمرو: لا أقدر على قسمتها حتى أكتب إلى أمير المؤمنين، فكتب إليه يعلمه بفتحها وشأنها ويعلمه أن المسلمين طلبوا قسمتها، فكتب إليه عمر: لا تقسمها وذرهم يكون خراجهم فيئا للمسلمين وقوة لهم على جهاد عدوهم، فأقرها عمرو وأحصى أهلها وفرض عليهم الخراج، ففتحت مصر كلها صلحا بفريضة دينارين دينارين على كل رجل لا يزاد على أحد منهم في جزية رأسه أكثر من دينارين إلا أنه يلزم بقدر ما يتوسع فيه من الأرض والزرع إلا أهل الإسكندرية فإنهم كانوا يؤدون الجزية والخراج على قدر ما يرى من وليهم لأن الإسكندرية فتحت عنوة بغير عهد ولا عقد ولم يكن لهم صلح ولا ذمة، وحدث الليث بن سعد عن عبد الله بن جعفر قال:
سألت شيخا من القدماء عن فتح مصر فقال: هاجرنا إلى المدينة أيام عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، وأنا محتلم وشهدت فتح مصر، وقلت: إن ناسا يذكرون أنه لم يكن لهم عهد، فقال: لا يبالي أن لا يصلي من قال إنه ليس لهم عهد، فقلت: هل كان لهم كتاب؟ قال: نعم كتب ثلاثة: كتاب عند طلما صاحب إخنى وكتاب عند قرمان صاحب رشيد وكتاب عند يحنّس صاحب البرلّس، قلت: فكيف كان صلحهم؟ قال: ديناران على كل إنسان جزية وأرزاق المسلمين، قلت: أفتعلم ما كان من الشروط؟
قال: نعم ستة شروط: لا يخرجون من ديارهم ولا تنتزع نساؤهم ولا كنوزهم ولا أراضيهم ولا يزاد عليهم، وقال عقبة بن عامر: كانت شروطهم ستة:
أن لا يؤخذ من أرضهم شيء ولا يزاد عليهم ولا يكلفوا غير طاقتهم ولا تؤخذ ذراريهم وأن يقاتل عنهم عدوهم من ورائهم، وعن يحيى بن ميمون الحضرمي قال: لما فتح عمرو بن العاص مصر صولح جميع من فيها من الرجال من القبط ممن راهق الحلم إلى ما فوق ذلك ليس فيهم صبيّ ولا امرأة ولا شيخ على دينارين دينارين فأحصوا لذلك فبلغت عدتهم ثلاثمائة ألف ألف، وذكر آخرون أن مصر فتحت عنوة، روى ابن وهب عن داود بن عبد الله الحضرمي أن أبا قنّان حدثه عن أبيه أنه سمع عمرو بن العاص يقول: قعدت في مقعدي هذا وما لأحد من قبط مصر عليّ عهد ولا عقد إلا لأهل انطابلس فإن لهم عهدا نوفي لهم به إن شئت قتلت وإن شئت خمست وإن شئت بعت، وروى ابن وهب عن عياض بن عبد الله الفهري عن ربيعة بن أبي عبد الرحمن أن عمرو بن العاص فتح مصر بغير عقد ولا عهد وأن عمر بن الخطاب، رضي الله عنه، حبس درّها وصرّها أن يخرج منها شيء نظرا للإمام وأهله، والله الموفق.